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Faria-Teixeira MC, Tordera C, Salvado E Silva F, Vaz-Carneiro A, Iglesias-Linares A. Craniofacial syndromes and class III phenotype: common genotype fingerprints? A scoping review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1455-1475. [PMID: 38347173 PMCID: PMC11126392 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal Class III (SCIII) is among the most challenging craniofacial dysmorphologies to treat. There is, however, a knowledge gap regarding which syndromes share this clinical phenotype. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify the syndromes affected by the SCIII phenotype; (ii) clarify the involvement of maxillary and/or mandibular structures; (iii) explore shared genetic/molecular mechanisms. A two-step strategy was designed: [Step#1] OMIM, MHDD, HPO, GeneReviews and MedGen databases were explored; [Step#2]: Syndromic conditions indexed in [Step#1] were explored in Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, WOS and OpenGrey. Eligibility criteria were defined. Individual studies were assessed for risk of bias using the New Ottawa Scale. For quantitative analysis, a meta-analysis was conducted. This scoping review is a hypothesis-generating research. Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria. Eight syndromes affected by the SCIII were targeted: Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, achondroplasia, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLED), tricho-dento-osseous syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia, Klinefelter and Down syndromes. Despite heterogeneity between studies [p < 0.05], overall effects showed that midface components were affected in Apert and Down Syndromes, lower face in Klinefelter Syndrome and midface and lower face components in XLED. Our review provides new evidence on the craniofacial characteristics of genetically confirmed syndromes exhibiting the SCIII phenotype. Four major regulatory pathways might have a modulatory effect on this phenotype. IMPACT: What does this review add to the existing literature? To date, there is no literature exploring which particular syndromes exhibit mandibular prognathism as a common trait. Through this research, it was possibly to identify the particular syndromes that share the skeletal Class III phenotype (mandibular prognathism) as a common trait highlighting the common genetic and molecular pathways between different syndromes acknowledging their impact in craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Faria-Teixeira
- Complutense University of Madrid, School of Dentistry, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- University of Lisbon, School of Medicine, University Clinic of Stomatology, 1200, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Tordera
- Complutense University of Madrid, School of Dentistry, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
- Complutense University of Madrid, School of Dentistry, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology) Research Group, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Reinhold V, Syrjänen S, Kankuri‐Tammilehto M. New observation of severe tooth malformation in a female patient with ectodermal dysplasia due to the EDA splice acceptor variant c.742-2A>G. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2275. [PMID: 37665136 PMCID: PMC10724520 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectodermal dysplasias are inherited disorders, which are characterized by congenital defects in two or more ectodermal structures such as skin, sweat glands, hair, nails, teeth, and mucous membranes. METHOD Here, we describe a new observation of significant oligodontia in a female patient with the EDA gene variant c.742-2A>G. RESULTS The results strongly suggest that the EDA gene variant c.742-2A>G is pathogenic. The oligodontia in the proband was exceptionally severe. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the very rare splice acceptor variant EDA c.742-2A>G is associated with severe oligodontia even in females. Our study points that this variant is pathogenic. An early identification of this variant is crucial for planning adequate treatment and follow-up in time by a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PathologyTurku University Hospital, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Xing L, Liu Y, Wu J, Song C, Jiang B. Spatial and Temporal Expression of Ectodysplasin-A Signaling Pathway Members During Mandibular Condylar Development in Postnatal Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2023; 71:631-642. [PMID: 37731334 PMCID: PMC10617443 DOI: 10.1369/00221554231201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence emerging supported that ectodysplasin-A (EDA) signaling pathway contributed to craniofacial development. However, their expression in condyle has not been elucidated yet. This study investigated the expression patterns of EDA, EDA receptor (EDAR), and EDAR-associated death domain (EDARADD) in condyle of postnatal mice. Histological staining and micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning showed that as endochondral ossification proceeded, the thickness of chondrocyte layer decreased, and the volume of mandibular condyle increased. Osteoclasts remained active throughout the condylar development. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that EDA was expressed in almost all layers during the first 2 weeks after birth. EDA shifted from the mature and hypertrophic layers to fibrous and proliferating layers at postnatal 3 weeks. As condyle matured, the distribution of EDA tended to be limited to hypertrophic layer. The distribution patterns of EDAR and EDARADD were consistent with EDA, while the level of EDAR expression was slightly lower. mRNA expression levels of EDA signaling pathway-related components increased after birth. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of EDA using ATDC5 in vitro. EDA increased during the late stage of chondrogenesis. These findings proved that EDA signaling pathway was involved in condylar development and acted as a regulatory factor in condylar maturation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Xing
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Nejabi MB, Anwari A, Shadab H, Mtawakel N, Omarzad F, Ahmadi ME. Prosthodontic Management of a Patient with Ectodermal Dysplasia: Case Report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2023; 15:133-141. [PMID: 37576744 PMCID: PMC10416782 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s419939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is an inherited disorder that affects the ectoderm of a developing embryo and impacts structures that originate from it. It typically presents as a triad of missing teeth (anodontia/hypodontia), sparse hair (atrichosis/hypotrichosis), and lack of sweat glands (hypohidrosis), often accompanied by nail dystrophy and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. There are two main types of this condition: X-linked anhidrotic or hypohidrotic and hidrotic (autosomal type). The oral manifestation of ED may include anodontia or hypodontia, with or without cleft lip and palate. Tooth loss leads to a decrease in the height of the alveolar ridges, resulting in a reduction of the vertical dimension of the lower face, disappearance of the vermilion border, and prominent lips. As a result, the affected person's face may resemble that of an elderly individual. The current case report aims to illustrate the prosthodontic rehabilitation of 16-year-old male patient with ectodermal dysplasia and complete anodontia, visiting Dentistry Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. Fortunately, this patient was acceptably managed with the collaboration of several disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bashir Nejabi
- Prosthodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Abdurrahman Anwari
- Operative/ Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Hassina Shadab
- Periodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Nargis Mtawakel
- Prosthodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Fariha Omarzad
- Prosthodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Mohammad Eissa Ahmadi
- Periodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
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5
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Atukorallaya D, Bhatia V, Gonzales J. Divergent tooth development mechanisms of Mexican tetra fish (Astyanax mexicanus) of Pachón cave origin. Cells Dev 2023; 173:203823. [PMID: 36496080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2022.203823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) is one of the fresh water teleost fish models in evolutionary developmental biology. The existence of two morphs: eyed, pigmented surface fish and blind depigmented cavefish from multiple cave populations, provides a unique system to study adaptive radiation. Compared to the adult surface fish, cavefish have large oral jaws with an increased number of structurally-complex teeth. Early tooth development has not been studied in detail in cavefish populations. In this study, bone-stained growth series and vital dye staining was used to trace the development and replacement of dentitions in Pachón cavefish. Our results show that first tooth eruption was delayed in cavefish compared to the surface fish. In particular, the first tooth eruption cycle persisted until 35 days post fertilization (dpf). Unlike surface fish, there are multicuspid teeth in cavefish first generation dentition. In addition to the teeth in the marginal oral jaw bones, Pachón cavefish have teeth in the ectopterygoid bone of the palatine roof. Next, we characterised the expression of ectodysplasin signalling pathway genes in tooth-forming regions of surface and cavefish. Interestingly, higher expression of Eda and Edar was found in cavefish compared to the surface fish. The altered ectodysplasin expression needs further investigation to confirm the different molecular mechanisms for tooth development in the oral and pharyngeal regions of surface fish and cavefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Atukorallaya
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0W2, Canada.
| | - Vikram Bhatia
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0W2, Canada
| | - Jessica Gonzales
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0W2, Canada
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Schweikl C, Maier-Wohlfart S, Schneider H, Park J. Ectodysplasin A1 Deficiency Leads to Osteopetrosis-like Changes in Bones of the Skull Associated with Diminished Osteoclastic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12189. [PMID: 36293046 PMCID: PMC9603288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of the gene Eda cause X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), which is characterized by structural abnormalities or lack of ectodermal appendages. Signs of dysplasia are not restricted to derivatives of the ectodermal layer, but mesodermal abnormalities, such as craniofacial dysmorphism, are also frequently observed, suggesting close reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm and mesoderm; however, a causal link has remained unsubstantiated. We investigated the functional impact of defective ectodysplasin A1 (Eda1) signaling on postnatal bone homeostasis in Eda1-deficient Tabby mice. Interestingly, Eda1 was detected in wild-type mouse calvariae throughout postnatal lifetime. In calvariae, bone-lining Osterix (Osx)+ osteoblasts stained positive for Eda1, and osteoclasts were revealed as Eda receptor (Edar)-positive. Moreover, adult Eda1-deficient calvarial bone showed osteopetrosis-like changes with significantly diminished marrow space, which was maintained during adulthood. Concomitantly with osteopetrosis-like changes, Tabby calvarial bone and Tabby bone marrow-derived osteoclasts had far less osteoclastic activity-associated co-enzymes including cathepsin K, Mmp9, Trap, and Tcirg1 (V-type proton ATPase a3 subunit) compared with wild-type calvariae in vivo or osteoclasts in vitro, indicating that Eda1 deficiency may affect the activity of osteoclasts. Finally, we confirmed that nuclear Nfatc1-positive osteoclasts were strongly diminished during mature osteoclastic differentiation under M-CSF and RANKL in the Tabby model, while Fc-EDA treatment of Tabby-derived osteoclasts significantly increased nuclear translocation of Nfatc1. Furthermore, we identified enhanced Nfatc1 and NF-κB transcriptional activity following Fc-EDA treatment in vitro using luciferase assays. Overall, the results indicate that diminished expressions of osteoclastic activity-associated co-enzymes may lead to disturbed bone homeostasis in Tabby calvariae postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schweikl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrun Maier-Wohlfart
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Friedlander L, Vincent M, Berdal A, Cormier-Daire V, Lyonnet S, Garcelon N. Consideration of oral health in rare disease expertise centres: a retrospective study on 39 rare diseases using text mining extraction method. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:317. [PMID: 35987771 PMCID: PMC9392290 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Around 8000 rare diseases are currently defined. In the context of individual vulnerability and more specifically the one induced by rare diseases, ensuring oral health is a particularly important issue. The objective of the study is to evaluate the pattern of oral health care course for patients with any rare genetic disease. Description of oral phenotypic signs—which predict a theoretical dental health care course—and effective orientation into an oral healthcare were evaluated.
Materials and methods We set up a retrospective cohort study to describe the consideration of patient oral health and potential orientation to an oral health care course who have at least been seen once between 1 January 2017 and 1 January 2020 in Necker Enfants Malades Hospital. We recruited patients from this study using the data warehouse, Dr Warehouse® (DrWH), from Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital.
Results The study sample included 39 rare diseases, 2712 patients, with 54.7% girls and 45.3% boys. In the sample studied, 27.9% of patients had an acquisition delay or a pervasive developmental disorder. Among the patient files studied, oral and dental phenotypic signs were described for 18.40% of the patients, and an orientation in an oral healthcare was made in 15.60% of patients. The overall "network" effect was significantly associated with description of phenotypic signs (corrected p = 1.44e−77) and orientation to an oral healthcare (corrected p = 23.58e−44). Taking the Defiscience network (rare diseases of cerebral development and intellectual disability) as a reference for the odd ratio analysis, OSCAR, TETECOU, FILNEMUS, FIMARAD, MHEMO networks stand out from the other networks for their significantly higher consideration of oral phenotypic signs and orientation in an oral healthcare.
Conclusion To our knowledge, no study has explored the management of oral health in so many rare diseases. The expected benefits of this study are, among others, a better understanding, and a better knowledge of the oral care, or at least of the consideration of oral care, in patients with rare diseases. Moreover, with the will to improve the knowledge on genetic diseases, oral heath must have a major place in the deep patient phenotyping. Therefore, interdisciplinary consultations with health professionals from different fields are crucial.
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhou B, Hui L, Zheng L, Chen X, Wang S, Yang L, Hao S, Zhang Q. Three Variants Affecting Exon 1 of Ectodysplasin A Cause X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics. Front Genet 2022; 13:916340. [PMID: 35873474 PMCID: PMC9298733 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.916340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ectodysplasin A (EDA) variations are major pathogenic factors for hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia (ED), characterized by hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, hypodontia, and other oral features. Methods: Molecular genetic defects in three HED families were detected by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The effect of splicing variant was further verified by EDA minigene in vitro analysis. De novo deletion was confirmed by chromosomal microarray analysis. Results: Three variants (c.396 + 1 G > C, c.171-173 del GTT, and exon 1 deletion) were identified, all affecting exon 1 of the EDA gene. Variants c.396 + 1 G > C and c.171-173 del GTT were first identified. Minigene analysis of the splicing variant (c.396 + 1 G > C) displayed a prolonged EDA-A1 transcript containing extra 699 bp at the start of intron 1, representing a functional cryptic splice site formation in vitro. Combining the results of chromosomal microarray analysis and whole-exome sequencing, the deletion variant was over 87 kb. Three variants were predicted to affect protein function to differing degrees, and were responsible for X-linked HED with varying phenotype. Conclusion: Investigating the clinical and molecular characteristics of these variations broadens our understanding of EDA gene variants, supporting clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingbo Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Hui
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shifan Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengju Hao
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
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Ranjan P, Das P. Understanding the impact of missense mutations on the structure and function of the EDA gene in X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A bioinformatics approach. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:431-449. [PMID: 34817077 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic dysplasia (XLHED), caused by mutations in the EDA gene, is a rare genetic disease that affects the development and function of the teeth, hair, nails, and sweat glands. The structural and functional consequences of caused by an ectodysplasin-A (EDA) mutations on protein phenotype, stability, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have not been well investigated. The present investigation involves five missense mutations that cause XLHED (L56P, R155C, P220L, V251M, and V322A) in different domains of EDA (TM, furin, collagen, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) from previously published papers. The deleterious nature of EDA mutant variants was identified using several computational algorithm tools. The point mutations induce major drifts in the structural flexibility of EDA mutant variants and have a negative impact on their stability, according to the 3D protein modeling tool assay. Using the molecular docking technique, EDA/EDA variants were docked to 10 EDA interacting partners, retrieved from the STRING database. We found a novel biomarker CD68 by molecular docking analysis, suggesting all five EDA variants had lower affinity for EDAR, EDA2R, and CD68, implying that they would affect embryonic signaling between the ectodermal and mesodermal cell layers. In silico research such as gene ontology, subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction, and PTMs investigations indicates major functional alterations would occur in EDA variants. According to molecular simulations, EDA variants influence the structural conformation, compactness, stiffness, and function of the EDA protein. Further studies on cell line and animal models might be useful in determining their specific roles in functional annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Ranjan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Chen X, Xiang Y, Yang L, Lin Y. The phenotypic characteristics of patients with athelia and tooth agenesis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1583. [PMID: 34790789 PMCID: PMC8576720 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Although athelia, which is a congenital aplastic deformity of the nipple, is seldom reported in tooth agenesis patients, we observed athelia in 2 hypodontia patients. This study aimed to summarize the phenotypic characteristics of patients with athelia and tooth agenesis. Methods A database search was conducted for publications reporting on patients with athelia and tooth agenesis, and the phenotypes of such patients were recorded. Athelia-related syndromes were identified in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The common symptoms and the causative genes were documented. Potential interactions between athelia-related genes and tooth agenesis-related genes were analyzed in the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) Bioinformatics Resources and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database. Results We summarized the phenotypic characteristics of 8 previously reported patients. Deformities in hair, skin, and sweat glands were common in these patients. There were 23 nipple deformity-related syndromes reported. The most common symptoms included abnormalities of the head and neck, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and skeletal systems, and the skin, nails, and hair. Hypodontia was noted in association with 10 syndromes. A total of 16 genes were related to them, including TP63, KCTD1, and IKBKG. The interaction found in the study suggests that nipple deformity-related genes potentially interact with tooth agenesis-related genes. Conclusions These results indicated that athelia might be related to hypodontia. Additional molecular genetics research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying relationship between athelia and tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Department of Endodontics I, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Endodontics I, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China
| | - Lvli Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China.,Department of Oral Radiology, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Endodontics I, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China
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11
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Yu K, Shen Y, Jiang CL, Huang W, Wang F, Wu YQ. Two novel ectodysplasin A gene mutations and prenatal diagnosis of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1824. [PMID: 34582123 PMCID: PMC8606200 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is mainly caused by ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene mutation. Fetus with genetic deficiency of EDA can be prenatally corrected. This study aimed at revealing the pathogenesis of two HED families and making a prenatal diagnosis for one pregnant female carrier. Designs Genomic DNA was extracted from two HED patients and sequenced using whole exome sequencing (WES). The detected mutations were confirmed in patients and family members using Sanger sequencing. The expression of soluble ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) protein was studied by western blot. The transcriptional activity of NF‐κB pathway was tested by dual luciferase assay. The genomic DNA of fetus was extracted from shed chorion cells and EDA gene was screened through Sanger sequencing. Results We identified two novel EDA mutations: c.1136T>C (p.Phe379Ser) and c.[866G>C;868A>T] (p.[Arg289Pro;Ser290Cys]). Further examinations revealed that these two mutated EDA1 proteins showed completely impaired solubility, and the transcriptional NF‐κB activation induced by these missense mutant‐type EDA1 proteins was significantly reduced compared with wild‐type EDA1. Furthermore, the analysis of amniotic fluid samples from a pregnant heterozygote indicated that the fetus was a c.1136T>C mutation female carrier. Conclusions This study extended the mutation spectrum of X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) and applied prenatal diagnosis for the pregnant carrier, which can be helpful in genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and intervention for the XLHED family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Shen
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Ling Jiang
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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12
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Kossel CS, Wahlbuhl M, Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Park J, Kowalczyk-Quintas C, Seeling M, von der Mark K, Schneider P, Schneider H. Correction of Vertebral Bone Development in Ectodysplasin A1-Deficient Mice by Prenatal Treatment With a Replacement Protein. Front Genet 2021; 12:709736. [PMID: 34456978 PMCID: PMC8385758 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with the cardinal symptoms hypodontia, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis is caused by a genetic deficiency of ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1). Prenatal EDA1 replacement can rescue the development of skin appendages and teeth. Tabby mice, a natural animal model of EDA1 deficiency, additionally feature a striking kink of the tail, the cause of which has remained unclear. We studied the origin of this phenomenon and its response to prenatal therapy. Alterations in the distal spine could be noticed soon after birth, and kinks were present in all Tabby mice by the age of 4 months. Although their vertebral bones frequently had a disorganized epiphyseal zone possibly predisposing to fractures, cortical bone density was only reduced in vertebrae of older Tabby mice and even increased in their tibiae. Different availability of osteoclasts in the spine, which may affect bone density, was ruled out by osteoclast staining. The absence of hair follicles, a well-known niche of epidermal stem cells, and much lower bromodeoxyuridine uptake in the tail skin of 9-day-old Tabby mice rather suggest the kink being due to a skin proliferation defect that prevents the skin from growing as fast as the skeleton, so that caudal vertebrae may be squeezed and bent by a lack of skin. Early postnatal treatment with EDA1 leading to delayed hair follicle formation attenuated the kink, but did not prevent it. Tabby mice born after prenatal administration of EDA1, however, showed normal tail skin proliferation, no signs of kinking and, interestingly, a normalized vertebral bone density. Thus, our data prove the causal relationship between EDA1 deficiency and kinky tails and indicate that hair follicles are required for murine tail skin to grow fast enough. Disturbed bone development appears to be partially pre-determined in utero and can be counteracted by timely EDA1 replacement, pointing to a role of EDA1 also in osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara-Sophie Kossel
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mandy Wahlbuhl
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Michaela Seeling
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus von der Mark
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Holm Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Comprehensive Management of Ectodermal Dysplasia with Interceptive Orthodontics in a Young Boy Who Was Bullied at School. Case Rep Dent 2021; 2020:6691235. [PMID: 33489382 PMCID: PMC7790564 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6691235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The management of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with oligodontia in Class-I malocclusion in late mix dentition. Case Report. An 11-year-old boy with ED was treated and managed by means of interceptive orthodontic treatment accompanied by direct and indirect restorative methods in a successful manner. The patient was prepared to receive definitive oral rehabilitation with dental implants for the missing teeth when the patient reaches a suitable age. The patient was followed for 5 years from the beginning of treatment. Conclusion Management of the child with ectodermal dysplasia with oligodontia was a real challenge. Early diagnosis, necessary investigation, and providing age-appropriate multidisciplinary treatment were key steps in successful outcomes. The objectives were not only just orthodontic or paedodontics but also prosthetic and psychological.
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14
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Jung S, Gies V, Korganow AS, Guffroy A. Primary Immunodeficiencies With Defects in Innate Immunity: Focus on Orofacial Manifestations. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1065. [PMID: 32625202 PMCID: PMC7314950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) is rapidly evolving. Indeed, the number of described diseases is constantly increasing thanks to the rapid identification of novel genetic defects by next-generation sequencing. PIDs are now rather referred to as “inborn errors of immunity” due to the association between a wide range of immune dysregulation-related clinical features and the “prototypic” increased infection susceptibility. The phenotypic spectrum of PIDs is therefore very large and includes several orofacial features. However, the latter are often overshadowed by severe systemic manifestations and remain underdiagnosed. Patients with impaired innate immunity are predisposed to a variety of oral manifestations including oral infections (e.g., candidiasis, herpes gingivostomatitis), aphthous ulcers, and severe periodontal diseases. Although less frequently, they can also show orofacial developmental abnormalities. Oral lesions can even represent the main clinical manifestation of some PIDs or be inaugural, being therefore one of the first features indicating the existence of an underlying immune defect. The aim of this review is to describe the orofacial features associated with the different PIDs of innate immunity based on the new 2019 classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) expert committee. This review highlights the important role played by the dentist, in close collaboration with the multidisciplinary medical team, in the management and the diagnostic of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jung
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires (O-Rares), Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Gies
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares (RESO), Centre de Compétences des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares (RESO), Centre de Compétences des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélien Guffroy
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares (RESO), Centre de Compétences des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Yamada A, Kawasaki M, Miake Y, Yamada Y, Blackburn J, Kawasaki K, Trakanant S, Nagai T, Nihara J, Kudo T, Meguro F, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Liu B, Hu Y, Page A, Ramírez Á, Sharpe PT, Maeda T, Takagi R, Ohazama A. Overactivation of the NF-κB pathway impairs molar enamel formation. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1513-1522. [PMID: 32369672 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal structures and functions of the ectoderm-derived organs, including teeth. HED patients exhibit a variety of dental symptoms, such as hypodontia. Although disruption of the EDA/EDAR/EDARADD/NF-κB pathway is known to be responsible for HED, it remains unclear whether this pathway is involved in the process of enamel formation. EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS AND METHODS To address this question, we examined the mice overexpressing Ikkβ (an essential component required for the activation of NF-κB pathway) under the keratin 5 promoter (K5-Ikkβ). RESULTS Upregulation of the NF-κB pathway was confirmed in the ameloblasts of K5-Ikkβ mice. Premature abrasion was observed in the molars of K5-Ikkβ mice, which was accompanied by less mineralized enamel. However, no significant changes were observed in the enamel thickness and the pattern of enamel rods in K5-Ikkβ mice. Klk4 expression was significantly upregulated in the ameloblasts of K5-Ikkβ mice at the maturation stage, and the expression of its substrate, amelogenin, was remarkably reduced. This suggests that abnormal enamel observed in K5-Ikkβ mice was likely due to the compromised degradation of enamel protein at the maturation stage. CONCLUSION Therefore, we could conclude that the overactivation of the NF-κB pathway impairs the process of amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miake
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - James Blackburn
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Nihara
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takehisa Kudo
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Department of Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bigang Liu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
| | - Yinling Hu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital12 de Octubre (imas12), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Ramírez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital12 de Octubre (imas12), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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16
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Han Y, Wang X, Zheng L, Zhu T, Li Y, Hong J, Xu C, Wang P, Gao M. Pathogenic EDA Mutations in Chinese Han Families With Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia and Genotype-Phenotype: A Correlation Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 32117440 PMCID: PMC7010634 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the genetic causes of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) in two families and elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of HED in Chinese Han patients. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to screen HED-related genes in two family members, followed by confirmatory Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed for the mutations. We reviewed HED-related articles in PubMed. χ2- and Fisher's tests were used to analyze the genotype–phenotype correlations. Results (1) WES identified EDA missense mutations [c.1127 C > T (p.T376M; NM_001005609)] in family 1 and an EDA nonframeshift deletion mutation [c.648_683delACCTGGTCCTCCAGGTCCTCCTGGTCCTCAAGGACC (p.216_228delPPGPPGPPGPQGP; NM_001005609)] in family 2. Sanger sequencing validated the results. ANNOVAR (ANNOtate VARiation) annotation indicated that c.1127 c > T was a deleterious mutation. (2) The review of published papers revealed 68 novel mutations related to HED: 57 (83.8%) were EDA mutations, 8 (11.8%) were EDAR mutations, 2 (2.9%) were EDARADD mutations, 1 (1.5%) was a WNT10A mutation, 31 (45.6%) were missense mutations, 23 (33.8%) were deletion mutations, and 1 (1.5%) was an indel. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis revealed that patients with EDA missense mutations had a higher frequency of hypohidrosis (P = 0.021). Conclusions This study identified two EDA gene mutations in two Chinese Han HED families and provides a foundation for genetic diagnosis and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaqi Hong
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Congcong Xu
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peiguang Wang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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17
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Moura E, Rotenberg IS, Pimpão CT. X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia-General Features and Dental Abnormalities in Affected Dogs Compared With Human Dental Abnormalities. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 35:11-17. [PMID: 31122682 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities in ectodermal derivatives such as sweat glands, hair, and teeth. In animals, the highest number of cases has been reported in dogs, which show characteristic congenital alopecia and develop abnormalities in the shape and number of teeth. Although the clinical phenotype of the affected individuals is typical, this disorder remains almost unknown in veterinary clinical practice. With the aim of making it better known, we gathered in this review the main clinical and genetic aspects of XLHED, placing emphasis on dental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enio Moura
- Service of Medical Genetics, Course of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Isabel S Rotenberg
- Course of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia T Pimpão
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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18
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Wang H, Hung K, Zhao K, Wang Y, Wang F, Wu Y. Anatomical analysis of zygomatic bone in ectodermal dysplasia patients with oligodontia. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:310-316. [PMID: 30793468 PMCID: PMC6593974 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormalities of some facial bones derived from the ectomesenchyme have been found in ectodermal dysplasia (ED) patients, but the characteristics of the zygoma are unknown. Purpose Comparison between ED patients and normal individuals to understand the anatomical features of the zygoma in ED patients. Materials and Methods Thirty patients diagnosed with ED based on clinical features and/or gene sequence tests and 80 normal individuals were recruited from 2016 to 2018. The thickness of the zygomatic body at 12 points on the superior, middle, and inferior areas and the length of four lines were measured on a three‐dimensional cone beam computed tomography image. Differences between ED patients and normal individuals were then compared. Results The zygomatic thicknesses and lengths were smaller in ED patients than in normal individuals. For ED patients, the largest thicknesses on the superior, middle, and inferior areas of the zygoma were 8.47 ± 1.49, 7.03 ± 1.56, and 5.99 ± 1.22 mm. Conclusion The development of zygomatic thickness on the inferior area and the zygomatic length were insufficient in ED patients with oligodontia. Consequently, zygomatic hypoplasia presented difficulties for the “quad approach” to zygomatic implants in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Wang
- Second Dental Clinic, Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuofeng Hung
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Second Dental Clinic, Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- Second Dental Clinic, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Second Dental Clinic, Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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19
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Ruiz-Heiland G, Lenz S, Bock N, Ruf S. Prevalence of WNT10A gene mutations in non-syndromic oligodontia. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3103-3113. [PMID: 30426266 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-syndromic oligodontia is an infrequent clinical condition whose etiology is not yet completely understood being a wide spectrum of gene mutations described in concomitance with this severe form of tooth agenesis. Recently, multiple observations have linked up to 50% of cases with isolated hypodontia to mutations in the WNT10A gene. Here, we hypothesized that mutations in the WNT10A gene could also be present in families affected by non-syndromic oligodontia. MATERIAL AND METHODS All available patients with non-syndromic oligodontia (n = 20) treated at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany between 1986 and 2013 as well as their family members were analyzed for mutations in the WNT10A gene. RESULTS Mutation screening was positive in 50% of the 20 patients. The analysis revealed that the mutations 2:219755011(c.682T>TA)(p.F228I), 2:219754822(c.493G>GA)(p.G165R), 2:219754816(c.487C>CT)(p.R163W), and 2:219747090(c.321C>CA)(p.C107*), the novel missense mutation 2:219757676(c.937G/GT)(p.G313C), and the novel synonym variant 2:219754854(c.525C>CT)(p.H175H) were present. CONCLUSION Multiple phenotypes are found in individuals presenting mutations in the WNT10A gene. Among them, the stop codon p.C107* as well as the biallelic p.F228I variants correlate with the most severe oligodontia phenotypes. In addition, we diagnosed the monoallelic mutations p.F228I, p.G165R, and p.G313C in healthy relatives with normal dentitions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A correct diagnosis of non-syndromic oligodontia is fundamental to discard a possible underlying pathology in which multiple tooth agenesis could be the most evidential clinical sign. Due to the wide spectrum of pathologies that are associated to mutations in the WNT10A gene, an extended genetic analysis of these individuals' relatives is also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruiz-Heiland
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - N Bock
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - S Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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20
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Mascolo A, Boschetti E, Flanagan D. An ectodermal dysplasia patient treated with a small diameter implant supporting a single crown. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2018; 10:171-177. [PMID: 30127647 PMCID: PMC6089102 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s170670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (EDD) is a developmental disorder that affects the skin, hair, and teeth among other organs generated in the ectoderm. Dental implants have been used to successfully treat partial edentulism in EDD patients, but the success rate is much lower for these patients. The report herein is a successful case of a single mini, small diameter, implant used to support a single crown of a mandibular right second premolar. A review of implant treatment in EDD patients is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mascolo
- European Institute for Medical Studies, H.E.I. Graduate School, Malta
| | - Elio Boschetti
- European Institute for Medical Studies, H.E.I. Graduate School, Malta
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21
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Sonnesen L, Jasemi A, Gjørup H, Daugaard-Jensen J. Upper cervical spine and craniofacial morphology in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:331-336. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S110-S143. [PMID: 29802835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells, which originate from the ectoderm in a region lateral to the neural plate in the neural fold, give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies (NCP) are a class of pathologies occurring in vertebrates, especially in humans that result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells during embryonic development. Various pigment, skin, thyroid and hearing disorders, craniofacial and heart abnormalities, malfunctions of the digestive tract and tumors can also be considered as neurocristopathies. In this review we revisit the current classification and propose a new way to classify NCP based on the embryonic origin of the affected tissues, on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive NC formation, and on the increased complexity of current molecular embryology techniques.
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Maxillary Bone Regeneration Based on Nanoreservoirs Functionalized ε-Polycaprolactone Biomembranes in a Mouse Model of Jaw Bone Lesion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7380389. [PMID: 29682553 PMCID: PMC5846386 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7380389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches of regenerative therapies constitute strategies for bone tissue reparation and engineering, especially in the context of genetical diseases with skeletal defects. Bone regeneration using electrospun nanofibers' implant has the following objectives: bone neoformation induction with rapid healing, reduced postoperative complications, and improvement of bone tissue quality. In vivo implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) biomembrane functionalized with BMP-2/Ibuprofen in mouse maxillary defects was followed by bone neoformation kinetics evaluation using microcomputed tomography. Wild-Type (WT) and Tabby (Ta) mice were used to compare effects on a normal phenotype and on a mutant model of ectodermal dysplasia (ED). After 21 days, no effect on bone neoformation was observed in Ta treated lesion (4% neoformation compared to 13% in the control lesion). Between the 21st and the 30th days, the use of biomembrane functionalized with BMP-2/Ibuprofen in maxillary bone lesions allowed a significant increase in bone neoformation peaks (resp., +8% in mutant Ta and +13% in WT). Histological analyses revealed a neoformed bone with regular trabecular structure, areas of mineralized bone inside the membrane, and an improved neovascularization in the treated lesion with bifunctionalized membrane. In conclusion, PCL functionalized biomembrane promoted bone neoformation, this effect being modulated by the Ta bone phenotype responsible for an alteration of bone response.
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Modesto A, Ventura C, Deeley K, Studen-Pavlovich D, Vieira AR. Medical sequencing of de novo ectodermal dysplasia in identical twins and evaluation of the potential eligibility for recombinant EDA therapy. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2017; 11:135-139. [PMID: 29184627 PMCID: PMC5666211 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2017.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was
to test two 8-year-old identical twins with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) and
their unaffected parents for the presence of mutations in the EDA gene
with the hypothesis that they might be carrying a de novo mutation in EDA and potentially eligible for recombinant
EDA therapy. DNA was extracted using saliva samples obtained from the
identical twin girls and both parents. PCR products of Ectodyplasin A (EDA),
Ectodysplasin Receptor (EDAR), Ectodysplasin Receptor Associated Death
Domain (EDARADD), and Connexin-30 (GJB6) were sequenced by the
Sanger method and the results analyzed using a reference sequence. Exons and
exon-intron boundaries of EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, and GJB6
were sequenced in both parents and the affected identical twin pair. No
mutations were detected in EDA or GJB6. Genetic variants
located in the intron of EDAR were found but determined to be
non-contributory to the twins’ ED. A microsatellite polymorphism was detected
in all four subjects in exon 4 of the EDARADD gene but determined not
to be causal to the ED. There was a silent mutation detected in exon 6 of the
EDARADD gene of both the daughters and their unaffected mother but
also unlikely to be the cause of ED. These results suggest that ED of the
subjects is caused by a de novo mutation in a gene not studied here.
It is likely these subjects and their future offspring would not benefit from
the development of recombinant EDA replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Modesto
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding Author; E-mail:
| | - Catherine Ventura
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Deeley
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Studen-Pavlovich
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Furukawa S, Kuwajima Y, Chosa N, Satoh K, Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Kimura M, Inoko H, Ishisaki A, Fujimura A, Miura H. Establishment of immortalized mesenchymal stem cells derived from the submandibular glands of tdTomato transgenic mice. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1380-1386. [PMID: 26622494 PMCID: PMC4578048 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice that overexpress the red fluorescent protein tdTomato (tdTomato mice) are well suited for use in regenerative medicine studies. Cultured cells from this murine model exhibit strong red fluorescence, enabling real-time in vivo imaging through the body surface of grafted animals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have marked potential for use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine; however, the mechanisms that regulate their dynamics in vivo are poorly understood. In the present study, an MSC line was derived from the submandibular gland fibroblasts of tdTomato mice. The fluorescent signal from this cell line was observed in organs throughout the body, as well as in salivary glands. Primary culture cells derived from the submandibular gland were immortalized with SV40 large T antigen (GManSV cells); these cells exhibited increased migratory ability, as compared with those isolated from the sublingual gland. GManSV cells were tdTomato-positive and exhibited spindle-shaped fibroblastic morphology; they also robustly expressed mouse MSC markers: Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1), CD44, and CD90. This cell line retained multipotent stem cell characteristics, as evidenced by its ability to differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. These results indicate that Sca-1+/CD44+/CD90+-GManSV cells may be useful for kinetic studies of submandibular gland-derived MSCs in the context of in vitro co-culture with other types of salivary gland-derived cells. These cells may also be used for in vivo imaging studies, in order to identify novel cell therapy and regenerative medicine for the treatment of salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Furukawa
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kuwajima
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Chosa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kazuro Satoh
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Minoru Kimura
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimura
- Division of Functional Morphology, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
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Rakowska A, Górska R, Rudnicka L, Zadurska M. Trichoscopic Hair Evaluation in Patients with Ectodermal Dysplasia. J Pediatr 2015; 167:193-5. [PMID: 25935816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hair abnormalities in ectodermal dysplasia may be difficult to identify. Among 16 patients with ectodermal dysplasia trichoscopy (hair dermoscopy) revealed predominance of pilosebaceous units with 1 hair (69%), abnormalities of hair shaft pigmentation (gray hair with single dark hairs, 56%), pili torti, trichothiodystrophy, trichorrhexis nodosa, and rarely, cicatricial alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rakowska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neuropeptides, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Simsek T, Yosma E, Demir A. Idiopathic scaphoid avascular necrosis in a patient with hypohidrotic congenital ectodermal dysplasia. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-014-1032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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O'Brown NM, Summers BR, Jones FC, Brady SD, Kingsley DM. A recurrent regulatory change underlying altered expression and Wnt response of the stickleback armor plates gene EDA. eLife 2015; 4:e05290. [PMID: 25629660 PMCID: PMC4384742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Armor plate changes in sticklebacks are a classic example of repeated adaptive
evolution. Previous studies identified ectodysplasin (EDA) gene as
the major locus controlling recurrent plate loss in freshwater fish, though the
causative DNA alterations were not known. Here we show that freshwater
EDA alleles have cis-acting regulatory changes
that reduce expression in developing plates and spines. An identical T → G
base pair change is found in EDA enhancers of divergent low-plated
fish. Recreation of the T → G change in a marine enhancer strongly reduces
expression in posterior armor plates. Bead implantation and cell culture experiments
show that Wnt signaling strongly activates the marine EDA enhancer,
and the freshwater T → G change reduces Wnt responsiveness. Thus parallel
evolution of low-plated sticklebacks has occurred through a shared DNA regulatory
change, which reduces the sensitivity of an EDA enhancer to Wnt
signaling, and alters expression in developing armor plates while preserving
expression in other tissues. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05290.001 Stickleback fish develop bony plates on their surface to protect themselves from
predators. The extent and pattern of their bony armor depends on their habitat:
marine sticklebacks are typically covered from head to tail with bony plates, but
freshwater sticklebacks retain only a few plates on their sides. One gene that promotes the formation of the bony plates is called
ectodysplasin (EDA). This encodes a signaling
protein that is important for the development of the skeleton, skin and many other
tissues. Variations in the sequence of this gene are shared among different
stickleback populations worldwide. However, it has not been clear which genetic
changes can explain how lightly armored freshwater sticklebacks could have evolved
from their well-armored marine ancestors on several separate occasions. Here, O'Brown et al. studied EDA in marine and groups of
freshwater sticklebacks that have evolved in different locations around the world.
The experiments show that the level of expression of EDA in the
developing plates and spines is lower in the freshwater fish. O'Brown et al.
thought this could be due to genetic changes in regions of EDA that
lie outside the region that encodes the protein, so called ‘regulatory
elements’. Indeed, further experiments found that all freshwater fish have a small change in the
DNA of a regulatory element that switches on the gene in plate-forming regions of the
body. When this change was introduced into marine sticklebacks, the fish had lower
levels of gene expression in these plate-forming regions. These findings demonstrate that lightly armored sticklebacks have evolved multiple
times from their well-armored marine ancestors through the same small change in their
DNA that alters the expression of the EDA gene. The next challenge
will be to understand why this particular small change in DNA appears to be favored
over all the other changes that could occur in the regulatory element, and to see if
factors that act through this regulatory switch also modify armor structures in
natural populations. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05290.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M O'Brown
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Brian R Summers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Felicity C Jones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Shannon D Brady
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - David M Kingsley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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31
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Mooster JL, Le Bras S, Massaad MJ, Jabara H, Yoon J, Galand C, Heesters BA, Burton OT, Mattoo H, Manis J, Geha RS. Defective lymphoid organogenesis underlies the immune deficiency caused by a heterozygous S32I mutation in IκBα. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:185-202. [PMID: 25601653 PMCID: PMC4322042 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mooster et al. created a knock-in mouse harboring a mutation (S32I) in IκBα that has been identified in a patient with ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency. The mice are characterized by defective architectural cell function; they lack lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, splenic marginal zones, and follicular DCs and fail to develop germinal centers. These features have not been previously recognized in patients. Patients with ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (ED-ID) caused by mutations in the inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) are susceptible to severe recurrent infections, despite normal T and B cell numbers and intact in vitro lymphocyte function. Moreover, the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in these patients is poor despite good engraftment. Mice heterozygous for the IκBα S32I mutation found in patients exhibited typical features of ED-ID. Strikingly, the mice lacked lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, splenic marginal zones, and follicular dendritic cells and failed to develop contact hypersensitivity (CHS) or form germinal centers (GCs), all features not previously recognized in patients and typical of defective noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR)–driven induction of chemokines and adhesion molecules mediated by both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways was impaired, and levels of p100 were markedly diminished in the mutant. IκBα mutant→Rag2−/−, but not WT→IκBα mutant, bone marrow chimeras formed proper lymphoid organs and developed CHS and GCs. Defective architectural cell function explains the immunodeficiency and poor outcome of HSCT in patients with IκBα deficiency and suggests that correction of this niche is critical for reconstituting their immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Mooster
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Severine Le Bras
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michel J Massaad
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Haifa Jabara
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Juhan Yoon
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Claire Galand
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hamid Mattoo
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - John Manis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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32
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Dental findings and management in a child with hypomelanosis of Ito. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Horváth E, Nagy N, Széll M. [Difficulties of genetic counselling in rare, mainly neurogenetic disorders]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:1221-7. [PMID: 25095282 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.29957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent decades methods used for the investigation of the genetic background of rare diseases showed a great improvement. AIM The aim of the authors was to demonstrate difficulties of genetic counselling and investigations in case of five rare, mainly neurogenetic diseases. METHOD During pre-test genetic counselling, the disease suspected from the clinical symptoms and the available genetic tests were considered. During post-test genetic counselling, the results of the genetic tests were discussed. RESULTS In three of the five cases genetic tests identified the disease-causing genetic abnormalities, while in two cases the causative abnormalities were not identified. CONCLUSIONS Despite a great improvement of the available genetic methods, the causative genetic abnormalities cannot be identified in some cases. The genetic counsellor has a key role in the assessment and interpretation of the results and in helping the family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Horváth
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Orvosi Genetikai Intézet Szeged Somogyi Béla u. 4. 6720
| | - Nikoletta Nagy
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Orvosi Genetikai Intézet Szeged Somogyi Béla u. 4. 6720
| | - Márta Széll
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Orvosi Genetikai Intézet Szeged Somogyi Béla u. 4. 6720
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Yoo C, Vines JB, Alexander G, Murdock K, Hwang P, Jun HW. Adult stem cells and tissue engineering strategies for salivary gland regeneration: a review. Biomater Res 2014; 18:9. [PMID: 26331060 PMCID: PMC4549133 DOI: 10.1186/2055-7124-18-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is an important compound produced by the salivary glands and performs numerous functions. Hyposalivation (dry mouth syndrome) is a deleterious condition often resulting from radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer, Sjogren's Syndrome, or as a side effect of certain medications. Hyposalivation negatively affects speaking, mastication, and swallowing in afflicted patients, greatly reducing their quality of life. Current treatments for this pathology include modifying lifestyle, synthetic saliva supplementation, and the utilization of salivary gland stimulants and sialagogues. However, many of these treatments do not address the underlying issues and others are pervaded by numerous side effects. In order to address the shortcomings related to current treatment modalities, many groups have diverted their attention to utilizing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches. Tissue engineering is defined as the application of life sciences and materials engineering toward the development of tissue substitutes that are capable of mimicking the structure and function of their natural analogues within the body. The general underlying strategy behind the development of tissue engineered organ substitutes is the utilization of a combination of cells, biomaterials, and biochemical cues intended to recreate the natural organ environment. The purpose of this review is to highlight current bioengineering approaches for salivary gland tissue engineering and the adult stem cell sources used for this purpose. Additionally, future considerations in regard to salivary gland tissue engineering strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chankee Yoo
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Shelby Building 806, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- />Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Gyeonggi-do, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-712 South Korea
| | - Jeremy B Vines
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Shelby Building 806, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Grant Alexander
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Shelby Building 806, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Kyle Murdock
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Shelby Building 806, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Patrick Hwang
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Shelby Building 806, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Shelby Building 806, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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35
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Lefebvre S, Mikkola ML. Ectodysplasin research—Where to next? Semin Immunol 2014; 26:220-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Goodwin AF, Larson JR, Jones KB, Liberton DK, Landan M, Wang Z, Boekelheide A, Langham M, Mushegyan V, Oberoi S, Brao R, Wen T, Johnson R, Huttner K, Grange DK, Spritz RA, Hallgrímsson B, Jheon AH, Klein OD. Craniofacial morphometric analysis of individuals with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:422-9. [PMID: 25333067 PMCID: PMC4190877 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is the most prevalent type of ectodermal dysplasia (ED). ED is an umbrella term for a group of syndromes characterized by missing or malformed ectodermal structures, including skin, hair, sweat glands, and teeth. The X-linked recessive (XL), autosomal recessive (AR), and autosomal dominant (AD) types of HED are caused by mutations in the genes encoding ectodysplasin (EDA1), EDA receptor (EDAR), or EDAR-associated death domain (EDARADD). Patients with HED have a distinctive facial appearance, yet a quantitative analysis of the HED craniofacial phenotype using advanced three-dimensional (3D) technologies has not been reported. In this study, we characterized craniofacial morphology in subjects with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) by use of 3D imaging and geometric morphometrics (GM), a technique that uses defined landmarks to quantify size and shape in complex craniofacial morphologies. We found that the XLHED craniofacial phenotype differed significantly from controls. Patients had a smaller and shorter face with a proportionally longer chin and midface, prominent midfacial hypoplasia, a more protrusive chin and mandible, a narrower and more pointed nose, shorter philtrum, a narrower mouth, and a fuller and more rounded lower lip. Our findings refine the phenotype of XLHED and may be useful both for clinical diagnosis of XLHED and to extend understanding of the role of EDA in craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Goodwin
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Jacinda R Larson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada ; Canadian Institutes of Health Research Training Program in Genetics, Child Development and Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kyle B Jones
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Denise K Liberton
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maya Landan
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Anne Boekelheide
- Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Margaret Langham
- Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Vagan Mushegyan
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Snehlata Oberoi
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA ; Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Rosalie Brao
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Timothy Wen
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | - Richard A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada ; Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation, Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew H Jheon
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA ; Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA ; Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA ; Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA
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Kjær I. Mechanism of human tooth eruption: review article including a new theory for future studies on the eruption process. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:341905. [PMID: 24688798 PMCID: PMC3944225 DOI: 10.1155/2014/341905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Human eruption is a unique developmental process in the organism. The aetiology or the mechanism behind eruption has never been fully understood and the scientific literature in the field is extremely sparse. Human and animal tissues provide different possibilities for eruption analyses, briefly discussed in the introduction. Human studies, mainly clinical and radiological, have focused on normal eruption and gender differences. Why a tooth begins eruption and what enables it to move eruptively and later to end these eruptive movements is not known. Pathological eruption courses contribute to insight into the aetiology behind eruption. A new theory on the eruption mechanism is presented. Accordingly, the mechanism of eruption depends on the correlation between space in the eruption course, created by the crown follicle, eruption pressure triggered by innervation in the apical root membrane, and the ability of the periodontal ligament to adapt to eruptive movements. Animal studies and studies on normal and pathological eruption in humans can support and explain different aspects in the new theory. The eruption mechanism still needs elucidation and the paper recommends that future research on eruption keeps this new theory in mind. Understanding the aetiology of the eruption process is necessary for treating deviant eruption courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Kjær
- Orthodontics Section, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 20 Nørre Allé, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Klein OD, Oberoi S, Huysseune A, Hovorakova M, Peterka M, Peterkova R. Developmental disorders of the dentition: an update. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 163C:318-32. [PMID: 24124058 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dental anomalies are common congenital malformations that can occur either as isolated findings or as part of a syndrome. This review focuses on genetic causes of abnormal tooth development and the implications of these abnormalities for clinical care. As an introduction, we describe general insights into the genetics of tooth development obtained from mouse and zebrafish models. This is followed by a discussion of isolated as well as syndromic tooth agenesis, including Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), ectodermal dysplasias (EDs), oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndrome type I, Rieger syndrome, holoprosencephaly, and tooth anomalies associated with cleft lip and palate. Next, we review delayed formation and eruption of teeth, as well as abnormalities in tooth size, shape, and form. Finally, isolated and syndromic causes of supernumerary teeth are considered, including cleidocranial dysplasia and Gardner syndrome.
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The ectodysplasin pathway: from diseases to adaptations. Trends Genet 2013; 30:24-31. [PMID: 24070496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ectodysplasin (EDA) pathway, which is active during the development of ectodermal organs, including teeth, hairs, feathers, and mammary glands, and which is crucial for fine-tuning the developmental network controlling the number, size, and density of these structures, was discovered by studying human patients affected by anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. It comprises three main gene products: EDA, a ligand that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α family, EDAR, a receptor related to the TNFα receptors, and EDARADD, a specific adaptor. This core pathway relies on downstream NF-κB pathway activation to regulate target genes. The pathway has recently been found to be associated with specific adaptations in natural populations: the magnitude of armor plates in sticklebacks and the hair structure in Asian human populations. Thus, despite its role in human disease, the EDA pathway is a 'hopeful pathway' that could allow adaptive changes in ectodermal appendages which, as specialized interfaces with the environment, are considered hot-spots of morphological evolution.
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Kinyó A, Vályi P, Farkas K, Nagy N, Gergely B, Tripolszki K, Török D, Bata-Csörgő Z, Kemény L, Széll M. A newly identified missense mutation of the EDA1 gene in a Hungarian patient with Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:97-100. [PMID: 23989902 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome (CST; OMIM 305100) belongs to the group of ectodermal dysplasias and is characterized by the development of sparse hair, abnormal or missing teeth and sweating deficiency. CST is the consequence of mutations located in the ectodysplasin A (EDA1) gene. We have identified a 35-year-old Hungarian man with characteristic dysmorphic facial features, sparse hair, reduced sweating and missing teeth. Direct sequencing of the coding regions revealed a novel missense mutation in the eighth exon (c.971T/A, p.Val324Glu). The affected patient carries the mutation in a hemizygous form. Previous studies reported the association of missense mutations with non-syndromic tooth agenesis. However, the reported hemizygous patient exhibits hypodontia as well as hypotrichosis and reduced sweating. His daughter, an obligate heterozygous carrier of the identified missense mutation, exhibits only mild teeth abnormalities. As the novel missense mutation is located within the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) domain of the ectodysplasin protein, we hypothesize that this genetic variant affects the ectodysplasin/NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kinyó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Tooth replacement is a common trait to most vertebrates, including mammals. Mammals, however, have lost the capacity for continuous tooth renewal seen in most other vertebrates, and typically have only 1–2 generations of teeth. Here, we review the mechanisms of tooth replacement in reptiles and mammals, and discuss in detail the current and historical theories on control of timing and pattern of tooth replacement and development.
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Jones KB, Goodwin AF, Landan M, Seidel K, Tran DK, Hogue J, Chavez M, Fete M, Yu W, Hussein T, Johnson R, Huttner K, Jheon AH, Klein OD. Characterization of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XL-HED) hair and sweat gland phenotypes using phototrichogram analysis and live confocal imaging. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1585-93. [PMID: 23687000 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is the most common type of ectodermal dysplasia (ED), which encompasses a large group of syndromes that share several phenotypic features such as missing or malformed ectodermal structures, including skin, hair, sweat glands, and teeth. X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XL-HED) is associated with mutations in ectodysplasin (EDA1). Hypohidrosis due to hypoplastic sweat glands and thin, sparse hair are phenotypic features that significantly affect the daily lives of XL-HED individuals and therefore require systematic analysis. We sought to determine the quality of life of individuals with XL-HED and to quantify sweat duct and hair phenotypes using confocal imaging, pilocarpine iontophoresis, and phototrichogram analysis. Using these highly sensitive and non-invasive techniques, we demonstrated that 11/12 XL-HED individuals presented with a complete absence of sweat ducts and that none produced sweat. We determined that the thin hair phenotype observed in XL-HED was due to multiple factors, such as fewer terminal hairs with decreased thickness and slower growth rate, as well as fewer follicular units and fewer hairs per unit. The precise characterization of XL-HED phenotypes using sensitive and non-invasive techniques presented in our study will improve upon larger genotype-phenotype studies and the assessment of future therapies in XL-HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Jones
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Maspero C, Giannini L, Sesso G, Terzi L. Aspetti terapeutici della displasia ectodermica. DENTAL CADMOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(13)70028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yin W, Ye X, Bian Z. The Second Deletion Mutation in Exon 8 ofEDAGene in an XLHED Pedigree. Dermatology 2013; 226:105-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000346610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Deshmukh S, Prashanth S. Ectodermal dysplasia: a genetic review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012; 5:197-202. [PMID: 25206167 PMCID: PMC4155886 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare hereditary disorder with a characteristic physiognomy. It is a genetic disorder affecting the development or function of the teeth, hair, nails and sweat glands. Depending on the particular syndrome ectodermal dysplasia can also affect the skin, the lens or retina of the eye, parts of the inner ear, the development of fingers and toes, the nerves and other parts of the body. Each syndrome usually involves a different combination of symptoms, which can range from mild to severe. The history and lessons learned from hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) may serve as an example for unraveling of the cause and pathogenesis of other ectodermal dysplasia syndromes by demonstrating that phenotypically identical syndromes can be caused by mutations in different genes (EDA, EDAR, EDARADD), that mutations in the same gene can lead to different phenotypes and that mutations in the genes further downstream in the same signaling pathway (NEMO) may modify the phenotype quite profoundly. The aim of this paper is to describe and discuss the etiology, genetic review, clinical manifestations and treatment options of this hereditary disorder. How to cite this article: Deshmukh S, Prashanth S. Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Genetic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012; 5(3):197-202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Deshmukh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India e-mail:
| | - S Prashanth
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore Karnataka, India
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WITHDRAWN: Aspetti terapeutici della displasia ectodermica. DENTAL CADMOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cadmos.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dental approach to craniofacial syndromes: how can developmental fields show us a new way to understand pathogenesis? Int J Dent 2012; 2012:145749. [PMID: 23091490 PMCID: PMC3467949 DOI: 10.1155/2012/145749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper consists of three parts. Part 1: Definition of Syndromes. Focus is given to craniofacial syndromes in which abnormal traits in the dentition are associated symptoms. In the last decade, research has concentrated on phenotype, genotype, growth, development, function, and treatment. Part 2: Syndromes before Birth. How can the initial malformation sites in these syndromes be studied and what can we learn from it? In this section, deviations observed in syndromes prenatally will be highlighted and compared to the normal human embryological craniofacial development. Specific focus will be given to developmental fields studied on animal tissue and transferred to human cranial development. Part 3: Developmental Fields Affected in Two Craniofacial Syndromes. Analysis of primary and permanent dentitions can determine whether a syndrome affects a single craniofacial field or several fields. This distinction is essential for insight into craniofacial syndromes. The dentition, thus, becomes central in diagnostics and evaluation of the pathogenesis. Developmental fields can explore and advance the concept of dental approaches to craniofacial syndromes. Discussion. As deviations in teeth persist and do not reorganize during growth and development, the dentition is considered useful for distinguishing between syndrome pathogenesis manifested in a single developmental field and in several fields.
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Yin W, Ye X, Bian Z. Phenotypic findings in Chinese families with X-linked hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1418-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Laugel-Haushalter V, Langer A, Marrie J, Fraulob V, Schuhbaur B, Koch-Phillips M, Dollé P, Bloch-Zupan A. From the transcription of genes involved in ectodermal dysplasias to the understanding of associated dental anomalies. Mol Syndromol 2012; 3:158-68. [PMID: 23239958 DOI: 10.1159/000342833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodental anomalies are one aspect of rare diseases and are increasingly identified as diagnostic and predictive traits. To understand the rationale behind gene expression during tooth or other ectodermal derivative development and the disruption of odontogenesis or hair and salivary gland formation in human syndromes we analyzed the expression patterns of a set of genes (Irf6, Nfkbia, Ercc3, Evc2, Map2k1) involved in human ectodermal dysplasias in mouse by in situ hybridization. The expression patterns of Nfkbia, Ercc3 and Evc2 during odontogenesis had never been reported previously. All genes were indeed transcribed in different tissues/organs of ectodermal origin. However, for Nfkbia, Ercc3, Evc2, and Map2k1, signals were also present in the ectomesenchymal components of the tooth germs. These expression patterns were consistent in timing and localization with the known dental anomalies (tooth agenesis, microdontia, conical shape, enamel hypoplasia) encountered in syndromes resulting from mutations in those genes. They could also explain the similar orodental anomalies encountered in some of the corresponding mutant mouse models. Translational approaches in development and medicine are relevant to gain understanding of the molecular events underlying clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Laugel-Haushalter
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U 964), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
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Nelson J, Manzella K, Baker OJ. Current cell models for bioengineering a salivary gland: a mini-review of emerging technologies. Oral Dis 2012; 19:236-44. [PMID: 22805753 PMCID: PMC3477256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Saliva plays a major role in maintaining oral health. Patients afflicted with a decrease in saliva secretion (symptomatically, xerostomia) exhibit difficulty in chewing and swallowing foods, tooth decay, periodontal disease, and microbial infections. Despite recent improvements in treating xerostomia (e.g., saliva stimulants, saliva substitutes, and gene therapy), there is a need of more scientific advancements that can be clinically applied toward restoration of compromised salivary gland function. Here we provide a summary of the current salivary cell models that have been used to advance restorative treatments via development of an artificial salivary gland. These models represent initial steps toward clinical and translational research, to facilitate creation of clinically safe salivary glands. Further studies in salivary cell lines and primary cells are necessary to improve survival rates, cell differentiation, and secretory function. Additionally, the characterization of salivary progenitor and stem cell markers are necessary. Although these models are not fully characterized, their improvement may lead to the construction of an artificial salivary gland that is in high demand for improving the quality of life of many patients suffering from salivary secretory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nelson
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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