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González-Burguera I, Lin G, López de Jesús M, Saumell-Esnaola M, Barrondo S, García Del Caño G, Sallés J, Scarlata S. PLCβ1 by-passes early growth response -1 to induce the differentiation of neuronal cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:250. [PMID: 38789419 PMCID: PMC11126630 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gαq/phospholipase C-β (PLCβ) signaling system mediates calcium responses to a variety of hormones and neurotransmitters. Recent studies suggest that PLCβ1 expression plays a role in the differentiation of two types of cultured neuronal cells (PC12 and SK-N-SH) through a mechanism independent of Gαq. Here, we show that, similar to that observed in PC12 and SK-N-SH cells, PLCβ1 expression increases when human NT2 cells are induced to differentiate either through cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranoside or retinoic acid. Preventing this increase, abolishes differentiation, and down-regulating PLCβ1 in rat primary astrocytes causes cells to adapt an undifferentiated morphology. Surprisingly, transfecting PLCβ1 into undifferentiated PC12 or NT2 cells induces differentiation without the need for differentiating agents. Studies to uncover the underlying mechanism focused on the transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr-1) which mediates PLCβ1 expression early in differentiation. Over-expressing PLCβ1 in HEK293 cells enhances Egr-1 expression and induces morphological changes. We show that increased levels of cytosolic PLCβ1 in undifferentiated PC12 cells disrupts the association between Egr-1 and its cytosolic binding partner (Tar RNA binding protein), promoting relocalization of Egr-1 to the nucleus, which promotes transcription of proteins needed for differentiation. These studies show a novel mechanism through which differentiation can be modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol González-Burguera
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Guanyu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01609, USA
| | - Maider López de Jesús
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miquel Saumell-Esnaola
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Barrondo
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gontzal García Del Caño
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Joan Sallés
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Suzanne Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01609, USA.
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2
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Miley DR, Andrews-Pfannkoch CM, Pulido JS, Erickson SA, Vile RG, Fautsch MP, Marmorstein AD, Dalvin LA. Direct early growth response-1 knockdown decreases melanoma viability independent of mitogen-activated extracellular signal-related kinase inhibition. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:482-491. [PMID: 37650708 PMCID: PMC10615778 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate downstream molecular changes caused by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor treatment and further explore the impact of direct knockdown of early growth response-1 ( EGR1 ) in melanoma cell culture. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to determine gene expression changes with MEK inhibitor treatment. Treatment with MEK inhibitor (trametinib) was then assessed in two cutaneous (MEL888, MEL624) and one conjunctival (YUARGE 13-3064) melanoma cell line. Direct knockdown of EGR1 was accomplished using lentiviral vectors containing shRNA. Cell viability was measured using PrestoBlueHS Cell Viability Reagent. Total RNA and protein were assessed by qPCR and SimpleWestern. RNA-Seq demonstrated a profound reduction in EGR1 with MEK inhibitor treatment, prompting further study of melanoma cell lines. Following trametinib treatment of melanoma cells, viability was reduced in both cutaneous (MEL888 26%, P < 0.01; MEL624 27%, P < 0.001) and conjunctival (YUARGE 13-3064 33%, P < 0.01) melanoma compared with DMSO control, with confirmed EGR1 knockdown to 0.04-, 0.01-, and 0.16-fold DMSO-treated levels (all P < 0.05) in MEL888, MEL624, and YUARGE 13-3064, respectively. Targeted EGR1 knockdown using shRNA reduced viability in both cutaneous (MEL624 78%, P = 0.05) and conjunctival melanoma (YUARGE-13-3064 67%, P = 0.02). RNA-Sequencing in MEK inhibitor-treated cells identified EGR1 as a candidate effector molecule of interest. In a malignant melanoma cell population, MEK inhibition reduced viability in both cutaneous and conjunctival melanoma with a profound downstream reduction in EGR1 expression. Targeted knockdown of EGR1 reduced both cutaneous and conjunctival melanoma cell viability independent of MEK inhibition, suggesting a key role for EGR1 in melanoma pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Miley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren A Dalvin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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3
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Jiang M, Poudel S, Song K. Androgen receptor and hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor as new molecular targets of baicalein: new molecular mechanisms for its anticancer properties. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:679-693. [PMID: 37691050 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds known as phytochemicals have served as valuable resources for the development of new anti-cancer drugs and treatment of malignancies. Among these phytochemicals, baicalein is an emerging anti-tumor flavonoid obtained from Scutellaria baicaleinsis (Lamiaceae), but its underlying mechanisms of action and molecular targets have not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we identified new mechanisms for the anti-tumor activities of baicalein, providing evidence that hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) and androgen receptor (AR) are new molecular targets of baicalein in human cancer cells. We observed that HMMR, known to be highly associated with poor prognosis in a wide range of human cancers, was substantially downregulated by baicalein at mRNA and protein levels. Reporter assays further revealed that the suppression of HMMR by baicalein might occur through a transcriptional regulatory mechanism with the participation of Egr-1, E2F3α, and serum response factor (SRF). We also found that baicalein significantly inhibits androgenic responses in hormone-responsive prostate cancer cells, indicating that this might be attributed to the downregulation of AR promoter activity by baicalein. Additionally, baicalein markedly induced the expression of tumor suppressive miR-30C, which might be partly involved in baicalein-mediated autophagy and anti-cancer effects. Overall, our study sheds light on new diverse mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects exhibited by baicalein, implying that baicalein could be a potential therapeutic agent against human cancers and function as an inhibitor of HMMR and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Jiang
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Poudel
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea.
- Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Marks BA, Pipia IM, Mukai C, Horibata S, Rice EJ, Danko CG, Coonrod SA. GDNF-RET signaling and EGR1 form a positive feedback loop that promotes tamoxifen resistance via cyclin D1. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:138. [PMID: 36765275 PMCID: PMC9912664 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase signaling has been previously implicated in endocrine resistant breast cancer, however the mechanism by which this signaling cascade promotes resistance is currently not well described. We recently reported that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-RET signaling appears to promote a positive feedback loop with the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1). Here we investigate the mechanism behind this feedback loop and test the hypothesis that GDNF-RET signaling forms a regulatory loop with EGR1 to upregulate cyclin D1 (CCND1) transcription, leading to cell cycle progression and tamoxifen resistance. METHODS To gain a better understanding of the GDNF-RET-EGR1 resistance mechanism, we studied the GDNF-EGR1 positive feedback loop and the role of GDNF and EGR1 in endocrine resistance by modulating their transcription levels using CRISPR-dCAS9 in tamoxifen sensitive (TamS) and tamoxifen resistant (TamR) MCF-7 cells. Additionally, we performed kinetic studies using recombinant GDNF (rGDNF) treatment of TamS cells. Finally, we performed cell proliferation assays using rGDNF, tamoxifen (TAM), and Palbociclib treatments in TamS cells. Statistical significance for qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR experiments were determined using a student's paired t-test and statistical significance for the cell viability assay was a one-way ANOVA. RESULTS GDNF-RET signaling formed a positive feedback loop with EGR1 and also downregulated estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) transcription. Upregulation of GDNF and EGR1 promoted tamoxifen resistance in TamS cells and downregulation of GDNF promoted tamoxifen sensitivity in TamR cells. Additionally, we show that rGDNF treatment activated GDNF-RET signaling in TamS cells, leading to recruitment of phospho-ELK-1 to the EGR1 promoter, upregulation of EGR1 mRNA and protein, binding of EGR1 to the GDNF and CCND1 promoters, increased GDNF protein expression, and subsequent upregulation of CCND1 mRNA levels. We also show that inhibition of cyclin D1 with Palbociclib, in the presence of rGDNF, decreases cell proliferation and resensitizes cells to TAM. CONCLUSION Outcomes from these studies support the hypotheses that GDNF-RET signaling forms a positive feedback loop with the transcription factor EGR1, and that GDNF-RET-EGR1 signaling promotes endocrine resistance via signaling to cyclin D1. Inhibition of components of this signaling pathway could lead to therapeutic insights into the treatment of endocrine resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Marks
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Ilissa M. Pipia
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Chinatsu Mukai
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Sachi Horibata
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Edward J. Rice
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Charles G. Danko
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Scott A. Coonrod
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
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5
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The Immediate Early Response of Lens Epithelial Cells to Lens Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213456. [PMID: 36359852 PMCID: PMC9654717 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are treated by lens fiber cell removal followed by intraocular lens (IOL) implantation into the lens capsule. While effective, this procedure leaves behind numerous lens epithelial cells (LECs) which undergo a wound healing response that frequently leads to posterior capsular opacification (PCO). In order to elucidate the acute response of LECs to lens fiber cell removal which models cataract surgery (post cataract surgery, PCS), RNA-seq was conducted on LECs derived from wild type mice at 0 and 6 h PCS. This analysis found that LECs upregulate the expression of numerous proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic regulators by 6 h PCS suggesting rapid priming of pathways leading to inflammation and fibrosis PCS. LECs also highly upregulate the expression of numerous immediate early transcription factors (IETFs) by 6 h PCS and immunolocalization found elevated levels of these proteins by 3 h PCS, and this was preceded by the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in injured LECs. Egr1 and FosB were among the highest expressed of these factors and qRT-PCR revealed that they also upregulate in explanted mouse lens epithelia suggesting potential roles in the LEC injury response. Analysis of lenses lacking either Egr1 or FosB revealed that both genes may regulate a portion of the acute LEC injury response, although neither gene was essential for expression of either proinflammatory or fibrotic markers at later times PCS suggesting that IETFs may work in concert to mediate the LEC injury response following cataract surgery.
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EGF-Dependent Activation of ELK1 Contributes to the Induction of CLDND1 Expression Involved in Tight Junction Formation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081792. [PMID: 35892692 PMCID: PMC9329870 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin proteins are intercellular adhesion molecules. Increased claudin domain-containing 1 (CLDND1) expression is associated with the malignant transformation of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells with low sensitivity to hormone therapy. Abnormal CLDND1 expression is also implicated in vascular diseases. Previously, we investigated the regulatory mechanism underlying CLDND1 expression and identified a strong enhancer region near the promoter. In silico analysis of the sequence showed high homology to the ETS domain-containing protein-1 (ELK1)-binding sequence which is involved in cell growth, differentiation, angiogenesis, and cancer. Transcriptional ELK1 activation is associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade originating from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Here, we evaluated the effect of gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the suppression of CLDND1 expression using ELK1 overexpression in luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. ELK1 was found to be an activator of the enhancer region, and its transient expression increased that of CLDND1 at the mRNA and protein levels. CLDND1 expression was increased following EGF-induced ELK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, this increase in CLDND1 was significantly suppressed by gefitinib. Therefore, EGF-dependent activation of ELK1 contributes to the induction of CLDND1 expression. These findings open avenues for the development of new anticancer agents targeting CLDND1.
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7
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Kulkarni R. Early Growth Response Factor 1 in Aging Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:925761. [PMID: 35923847 PMCID: PMC9340249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.925761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with various hematological disorders and a higher risk of myeloproliferative disorders. An aged hematopoietic system can be characterized by decreased immune function and increased myeloid cell production. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regulate the production of blood cells throughout life. The self-renewal and regenerative potential of HSCs determine the quality and quantity of the peripheral blood cells. External signals from the microenvironment under different conditions determine the fate of the HSCs to proliferate, self-renew, differentiate, or remain quiescent. HSCs respond impromptu to a vast array of extracellular signaling cascades such as cytokines, growth factors, or nutrients, which are crucial in the regulation of HSCs. Early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) is one of the key transcription factors controlling HSC proliferation and their localization in the bone marrow (BM) niche. Downregulation of Egr1 activates and recruits HSCs for their proliferation and differentiation to produce mature blood cells. Increased expression of Egr1 is implicated in immuno-aging of HSCs. However, dysregulation of Egr1 is associated with hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Here, we summarize the current understanding of the role of EGR1 in the regulation of HSC functionality and the manifestation of leukemia. We also discuss the alternative strategies to rejuvenate the aged HSCs by targeting EGR1 in different settings.
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Yadav S, Pant D, Samaiya A, Kalra N, Gupta S, Shukla S. ERK1/2-EGR1-SRSF10 Axis Mediated Alternative Splicing Plays a Critical Role in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:713661. [PMID: 34616729 PMCID: PMC8489685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.713661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant alternative splicing is recognized to promote cancer pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be clear. Here, in this study, we report the frequent upregulation of SRSF10 (serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 10), a member of an expanded family of SR splicing factors, in the head and neck cancer (HNC) patients sample in comparison to paired normal tissues. We observed that SRSF10 plays a crucial role in HNC tumorigenesis by affecting the pro-death, pro-survical splice variants of BCL2L1 (BCL2 Like 1: BCLx: Apoptosis Regulator) and the two splice variants of PKM (Pyruvate kinase M), PKM1 normal isoform to PKM2 cancer-specific isoform. SRSF10 is a unique splicing factor with a similar domain organization to that of SR proteins but functions differently as it acts as a sequence-specific splicing activator in its phosphorylated form. Although a body of research studied the role of SRSF10 in the splicing process, the regulatory mechanisms underlying SRSF10 upregulation in the tumor are not very clear. In this study, we aim to dissect the pathway that regulates the SRSF10 upregulation in HNC. Our results uncover the role of transcription factor EGR1 (Early Growth Response1) in elevating the SRSF10 expression; EGR1 binds to the promoter of SRSF10 and promotes TET1 binding leading to the CpG demethylation (hydroxymethylation) in the adjacent position of the EGR1 binding motif, which thereby instigate SRSF10 expression in HNC. Interestingly we also observed that the EGR1 level is in the sink with the ERK1/2 pathway, and therefore, inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway leads to the decreased EGR1 and SRSF10 expression level. Together, this is the first report to the best of our knowledge where we characterize the ERK 1/2-EGR1-SRSF10 axis regulating the cancer-specific splicing, which plays a critical role in HNC and could be a therapeutic target for better management of HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | | | | | - Sanjay Gupta
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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9
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Häger SC, Dias C, Sønder SL, Olsen AV, da Piedade I, Heitmann ASB, Papaleo E, Nylandsted J. Short-term transcriptomic response to plasma membrane injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19141. [PMID: 34580330 PMCID: PMC8476590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair mechanisms are activated within seconds post-injury to promote rapid membrane resealing in eukaryotic cells and prevent cell death. However, less is known about the regeneration phase that follows and how cells respond to injury in the short-term. Here, we provide a genome-wide study into the mRNA expression profile of MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to injury by digitonin, a mild non-ionic detergent that permeabilizes the plasma membrane. We focused on the early transcriptional signature and found a time-dependent increase in the number of differentially expressed (> twofold, P < 0.05) genes (34, 114 and 236 genes at 20-, 40- and 60-min post-injury, respectively). Pathway analysis highlighted a robust and gradual three-part transcriptional response: (1) prompt activation of immediate-early response genes, (2) activation of specific MAPK cascades and (3) induction of inflammatory and immune pathways. Therefore, plasma membrane injury triggers a rapid and strong stress and immunogenic response. Our meta-analysis suggests that this is a conserved transcriptome response to plasma membrane injury across different cell and injury types. Taken together, our study shows that injury has profound effects on the transcriptome of wounded cells in the regeneration phase (subsequent to membrane resealing), which is likely to influence cellular status and has been previously overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Christin Häger
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catarina Dias
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Lauritzen Sønder
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André Vidas Olsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabelle da Piedade
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Busk Heitmann
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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10
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Chen Z, Oh D, Biswas KH, Zaidel-Bar R, Groves JT. Probing the effect of clustering on EphA2 receptor signaling efficiency by subcellular control of ligand-receptor mobility. eLife 2021; 10:67379. [PMID: 34414885 PMCID: PMC8397371 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering of ligand:receptor complexes on the cell membrane is widely presumed to have functional consequences for subsequent signal transduction. However, it is experimentally challenging to selectively manipulate receptor clustering without altering other biochemical aspects of the cellular system. Here, we develop a microfabrication strategy to produce substrates displaying mobile and immobile ligands that are separated by roughly 1 µm, and thus experience an identical cytoplasmic signaling state, enabling precision comparison of downstream signaling reactions. Applying this approach to characterize the ephrinA1:EphA2 signaling system reveals that EphA2 clustering enhances both receptor phosphorylation and downstream signaling activity. Single-molecule imaging clearly resolves increased molecular binding dwell times at EphA2 clusters for both Grb2:SOS and NCK:N-WASP signaling modules. This type of intracellular comparison enables a substantially higher degree of quantitative analysis than is possible when comparisons must be made between different cells and essentially eliminates the effects of cellular response to ligand manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Chen
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Dongmyung Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, United States.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kabir Hassan Biswas
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jay T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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11
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Li XF, Sun HY, Hua T, Zhang HB, Tian YJ, Li Y, Kang S. Promoter Methylation of the MGRN1 Gene Predicts Prognosis and Response to Chemotherapy of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659254. [PMID: 34268111 PMCID: PMC8277380 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is considered to play a critical role in the chemoresistance of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, we explored the relationship between hypermethylation of the Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 (MGRN1) gene promoter and primary chemoresistance and clinical outcomes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry assays revealed a strong association between hypermethylation of the MGRN1 upstream region and platinum resistance in HGSOC patients. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significantly negative connection between the methylation level of MGRN1 and its expression in HGSOC. In vitro analysis demonstrated that knockdown of MGRN1 reduced the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin and that expression of EGR1 was significantly decreased in SKOV3 cells with low levels of MGRN1 expression. Similarly, EGR1 mRNA expression was lower in platinum-resistant HGSOC patients and was positively correlated with MGRN1 mRNA expression. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that high methylation of the MGRN1 promoter region and low expression of MGRN1 were associated with worse survival of HGSOC patients. In multivariable models, low MGRN1 expression was an independent factor predicting poor outcome. Furthermore, low expression of EGR1 was also been confirmed to be significantly related to the poor prognosis of HGSOC patients by Kaplan-Meier. The hypermethylation of the MGRN1 promoter region and low expression of MGRN1 were associated with platinum resistance and poor outcomes in HGSOC patients, probably by altering EGR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yun-Jie Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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12
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Wang B, Guo H, Yu H, Chen Y, Xu H, Zhao G. The Role of the Transcription Factor EGR1 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642547. [PMID: 33842351 PMCID: PMC8024650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor that is mainly involved in the processes of tissue injury, immune responses, and fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that EGR1 is closely related to the initiation and progression of cancer and may participate in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and in tumor angiogenesis. Nonetheless, the specific mechanism whereby EGR1 modulates these processes remains to be elucidated. This review article summarizes possible mechanisms of action of EGR1 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and may serve as a reference for clinical efficacy predictions and for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanfei Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Bondy-Chorney E, Abramchuk I, Nasser R, Holinier C, Denoncourt A, Baijal K, McCarthy L, Khacho M, Lavallée-Adam M, Downey M. A Broad Response to Intracellular Long-Chain Polyphosphate in Human Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108318. [PMID: 33113373 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphates (polyPs) are long chains of inorganic phosphates linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. They are found in all kingdoms of life, playing roles in cell growth, infection, and blood coagulation. Unlike in bacteria and lower eukaryotes, the mammalian enzymes responsible for polyP metabolism are largely unexplored. We use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and mass spectrometry to define a broad impact of polyP produced inside of mammalian cells via ectopic expression of the E. coli polyP synthetase PPK. We find that multiple cellular compartments can support accumulation of polyP to high levels. Overproduction of polyP is associated with reprogramming of both the transcriptome and proteome, including activation of the ERK1/2-EGR1 signaling axis. Finally, fractionation analysis shows that polyP accumulation results in relocalization of nuclear/cytoskeleton proteins, including targets of non-enzymatic lysine polyphosphorylation. Our work demonstrates that internally produced polyP can activate diverse signaling pathways in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bondy-Chorney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Iryna Abramchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rawan Nasser
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Charlotte Holinier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alix Denoncourt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kanchi Baijal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Liam McCarthy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Michael Downey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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14
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Radaszkiewicz KA, Beckerová D, Woloszczuková L, Radaszkiewicz TW, Lesáková P, Blanářová OV, Kubala L, Humpolíček P, Pachernik J. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate increases cardiomyogenesis through PKC/ERK signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15922. [PMID: 32985604 PMCID: PMC7522207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is the most widely used diacylglycerol (DAG) mimetic agent and inducer of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated cellular response in biomedical studies. TPA has been proposed as a pluripotent cell differentiation factor, but results obtained have been inconsistent. In the present study we show that TPA can be applied as a cardiomyogenesis-promoting factor for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells in vitro. The mechanism of TPA action is mediated by the induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of GATA4 transcription factor. Interestingly, general mitogens (FGF, EGF, VEGF and serum) or canonical WNT signalling did not mimic the effect of TPA. Moreover, on the basis of our results, we postulate that a TPA-sensitive population of cardiac progenitor cells exists at a certain time point (after days 6–8 of the differentiation protocol) and that the proposed treatment can be used to increase the multiplication of ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Beckerová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Woloszczuková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Lesáková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01, Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pachernik
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Ranasinghe ADCU, Lee DD, Schwarz MA. Mechanistic regulation of SPHK1 expression and translocation by EMAP II in pulmonary smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158789. [PMID: 32771459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) produces the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a microvascular and immuno-modulator associated with vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The low intracellular concentration of S1P is under tight spatial-temporal control. Molecular mechanisms that mediate S1P burden and S1P regulation of vascular remodeling are poorly understood. Similarities between two early response pro-inflammatory cytokine gene transcript activation profiles, S1P and Endothelial Monocyte Activating Polypeptide II (EMAP II), suggested a strategic link between their signaling pathways. We determined that EMAP II triggers a bimodal phosphorylation, transcriptional regulation and membrane translocation of SPHK1 through a common upstream process in both macrophages and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). EMAP II initiates a dual function of ERK1/2: phosphorylation of SPHK1 and regulation of the transcription factor EGR1 that induces expression of SPHK1. Activated ERK1/2 induces a bimodal phosphorylation of SPHK1 which reciprocally increases S1P levels. This identified common upstream signaling mechanism between a protein and a bioactive lipid initiates cell specific downstream signaling representing a multifactorial mechanism that contributes to inflammation and PASMC proliferation which are cardinal histopathological phenotypes of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dushani C U Ranasinghe
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, USA
| | - Daniel D Lee
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Margaret A Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University, South Bend, IN, USA.
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16
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Human Cytomegalovirus miR-US5-2 Downregulation of GAB1 Regulates Cellular Proliferation and UL138 Expression through Modulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathways. mSphere 2020; 5:5/4/e00582-20. [PMID: 32759334 PMCID: PMC7407068 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00582-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant patients. HCMV establishes latency in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The mechanisms governing latency and reactivation of viral replication are complex and not fully understood. HCMV-encoded miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that reduce protein expression. In this study, we found that the HCMV miRNA miR-US5-2 targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) adaptor protein GAB1 which directly affects downstream cellular signaling pathways activated by EGF. Consequently, miR-US5-2 blocks the EGF-mediated proliferation of human fibroblasts. Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor activated by EGFR signaling that regulates expression of HCMV UL138. We show that miR-US5-2 regulates UL138 expression through GAB1-mediated downregulation of the signaling pathways that lead to EGR1 expression. These data suggest that miR-US5-2, through downregulation of GAB1, could play a critical role during reactivation from latency by reducing proliferation and UL138 expression. Regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling is critical for the replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as well as latency and reactivation in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. HCMV microRNAs (miRNAs) provide a means to modulate the signaling activated by EGF through targeting components of the EGFR signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that HCMV miR-US5-2 directly downregulates the critical EGFR adaptor protein GAB1 that mediates activation and sustained signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and cellular proliferation in response to EGF. Expression of HCMV UL138 is regulated by the transcription factor early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) downstream of EGFR-induced MEK/ERK signaling. We show that by targeting GAB1 and attenuating MEK/ERK signaling, miR-US5-2 indirectly regulates EGR1 and UL138 expression, which implicates the miRNA in critical regulation of HCMV latency. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant patients. HCMV establishes latency in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The mechanisms governing latency and reactivation of viral replication are complex and not fully understood. HCMV-encoded miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that reduce protein expression. In this study, we found that the HCMV miRNA miR-US5-2 targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) adaptor protein GAB1 which directly affects downstream cellular signaling pathways activated by EGF. Consequently, miR-US5-2 blocks the EGF-mediated proliferation of human fibroblasts. Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor activated by EGFR signaling that regulates expression of HCMV UL138. We show that miR-US5-2 regulates UL138 expression through GAB1-mediated downregulation of the signaling pathways that lead to EGR1 expression. These data suggest that miR-US5-2, through downregulation of GAB1, could play a critical role during reactivation from latency by reducing proliferation and UL138 expression.
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17
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Non-Phosphorylatable PEA-15 Sensitises SKOV-3 Ovarian Cancer Cells to Cisplatin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020515. [PMID: 32102425 PMCID: PMC7072772 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is often limited by the development of drug resistance. In most ovarian cancer cells, cisplatin activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling. Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA-15) is a ubiquitously expressed protein, capable of sequestering ERK1/2 in the cytoplasm and inhibiting cell proliferation. This and other functions of PEA-15 are regulated by its phosphorylation status. In this study, the relevance of PEA-15 phosphorylation state for cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells was examined. The results of MTT-assays indicated that overexpression of PEA-15AA (a non-phosphorylatable variant) sensitised SKOV-3 cells to cisplatin. Phosphomimetic PEA-15DD did not affect cell sensitivity to the drug. While PEA-15DD facilitates nuclear translocation of activated ERK1/2, PEA-15AA acts to sequester the kinase in the cytoplasm as shown by Western blot. Microarray data indicated deregulation of thirteen genes in PEA-15AA-transfected cells compared to non-transfected or PEA-15DD-transfected variants. Data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that the expression of seven of these genes including EGR1 (early growth response protein 1) and FLNA (filamin A) significantly correlated with the therapy outcome in cisplatin-treated cancer patients. Further analysis indicated the relevance of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signalling for the favourable effect of PEA-15AA on cisplatin sensitivity. The results warrant further evaluation of the PEA-15 phosphorylation status as a potential candidate biomarker of response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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18
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Poiana G, Gioia R, Sineri S, Cardarelli S, Lupo G, Cacci E. Transcriptional regulation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells: tales from the subventricular zone. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1773-1783. [PMID: 32246617 PMCID: PMC7513981 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In rodents, well characterized neurogenic niches of the adult brain, such as the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, support the maintenance of neural/stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) and the production of new neurons throughout the lifespan. The adult neurogenic process is dependent on the intrinsic gene expression signatures of NSPCs that make them competent for self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. At the same time, it is receptive to regulation by various extracellular signals that allow the modulation of neuronal production and integration into brain circuitries by various physiological stimuli. A drawback of this plasticity is the sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to alterations of the niche environment that can occur due to aging, injury or disease. At the core of the molecular mechanisms regulating neurogenesis, several transcription factors have been identified that maintain NSPC identity and mediate NSPC response to extrinsic cues. Here, we focus on REST, Egr1 and Dbx2 and their roles in adult neurogenesis, especially in the subventricular zone. We review recent work from our and other laboratories implicating these transcription factors in the control of NSPC proliferation and differentiation and in the response of NSPCs to extrinsic influences from the niche. We also discuss how their altered regulation may affect the neurogenic process in the aged and in the diseased brain. Finally, we highlight key open questions that need to be addressed to foster our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms controlling adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Poiana
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gioia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Sineri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cacci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Dahal B, Lin SC, Carey BD, Jacobs JL, Dinman JD, van Hoek ML, Adams AA, Kehn-Hall K. EGR1 upregulation following Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection is regulated by ERK and PERK pathways contributing to cell death. Virology 2019; 539:121-128. [PMID: 31733451 PMCID: PMC7126400 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a neurotropic virus that causes significant disease in both humans and equines. Here we characterized the impact of VEEV on signaling pathways regulating cell death in human primary astrocytes. VEEV productively infected primary astrocytes and caused an upregulation of early growth response 1 (EGR1) gene expression at 9 and 18 h post infection. EGR1 induction was dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), but not on p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Knockdown of EGR1 significantly reduced VEEV-induced apoptosis and impacted viral replication. Knockdown of ERK1/2 or PERK significantly reduced EGR1 gene expression, dramatically reduced viral replication, and increased cell survival as well as rescued cells from VEEV-induced apoptosis. These data indicate that EGR1 activation and subsequent cell death are regulated through ERK and PERK pathways in VEEV infected primary astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dahal
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Brian D Carey
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Jacobs
- QIAGEN Bioinformatics, Aarhus, Denmark; QIAGEN Bioinformatics, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Dinman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Monique L van Hoek
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
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20
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Protease Nexin I is a feedback regulator of EGF/PKC/MAPK/EGR1 signaling in breast cancer cells metastasis and stemness. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:649. [PMID: 31501409 PMCID: PMC6733841 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, which remains incurable once metastatic. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small subset of breast cancer cells, which are the radical cause of drug resistance, tumor relapse, and metastasis in breast cancer. The extracellular serine protease inhibitor serpinE2, also named protease nexin-1 (PN-1), contributes to enhanced metastasis of cancer cells mainly by remodeling the tumor matrix. In this study, we found that PN-1 was up-regulated in breast cancer, which promoted cell invasion, migration and stemness. Furthermore, by using specific inhibitors, we discovered that epidermal growth factor (EGF) up-regulated PN-1 in breast cancer cells through cascade activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to the activation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), which finally led to the up-regulation of early growth response protein 1 (EGR1). Moreover, EGF signaling was further activated as a feedback of PN-1 up-regulation through PN-1 blocking HtrA1. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel signaling axis that up-regulated PN-1 expression in breast cancer cells, and the new mechanism of PN-1-promoted breast cancer metastasis, which may provide new insights into identifying novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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21
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MEK inhibitors activate Wnt signalling and induce stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31097693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐019‐09898‐0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrant Wnt signalling is essential for tumorigenesis and maintenance of cancer stem cells. However, how other oncogenic pathways converge on Wnt signalling to modulate stem cell homeostasis in CRC currently remains poorly understood. Using large-scale compound screens in CRC, we identify MEK1/2 inhibitors as potent activators of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Targeting MEK increases Wnt activity in different CRC cell lines and murine intestine in vivo. Truncating mutations of APC generated by CRISPR/Cas9 strongly synergize with MEK inhibitors in enhancing Wnt responses in isogenic CRC models. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that MEK inhibition induces a rapid downregulation of AXIN1. Using patient-derived CRC organoids, we show that MEK inhibition leads to increased Wnt activity, elevated LGR5 levels and enrichment of gene signatures associated with stemness and cancer relapse. Our study demonstrates that clinically used MEK inhibitors inadvertently induce stem cell plasticity, revealing an unknown side effect of RAS pathway inhibition.
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22
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MEK inhibitors activate Wnt signalling and induce stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2197. [PMID: 31097693 PMCID: PMC6522484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrant Wnt signalling is essential for tumorigenesis and maintenance of cancer stem cells. However, how other oncogenic pathways converge on Wnt signalling to modulate stem cell homeostasis in CRC currently remains poorly understood. Using large-scale compound screens in CRC, we identify MEK1/2 inhibitors as potent activators of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Targeting MEK increases Wnt activity in different CRC cell lines and murine intestine in vivo. Truncating mutations of APC generated by CRISPR/Cas9 strongly synergize with MEK inhibitors in enhancing Wnt responses in isogenic CRC models. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that MEK inhibition induces a rapid downregulation of AXIN1. Using patient-derived CRC organoids, we show that MEK inhibition leads to increased Wnt activity, elevated LGR5 levels and enrichment of gene signatures associated with stemness and cancer relapse. Our study demonstrates that clinically used MEK inhibitors inadvertently induce stem cell plasticity, revealing an unknown side effect of RAS pathway inhibition. Wnt signaling is necessary for colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and stem cell maintenance. Here, the authors identify MEK1/2 inhibitors as potent activators of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and show that clinically approved MEK inhibitors inadvertently induce stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer
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23
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Chen L, Liu YC, Zheng YY, Xu J, Zhang Y, Liu WL, Li ZY, Huang GD, Li WP. Furanodienone overcomes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma through the downregulation of CSPG4-Akt-ERK signalling by inhibiting EGR1-dependent transcription. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1736-1747. [PMID: 31006910 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive type of brain tumour. Patients with GBM respond poorly to chemotherapy and have poor survival outcomes. Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), also known as chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), has been shown to contribute to critical processes, such as cell survival, proliferation, and chemotherapy resistance, during glioma progression. In this study, we found that furanodienone (FUR), a diene-type sesquiterpene isolated from the rhizomes of Rhizoma curcumae, exhibited a potential cytotoxic effect on temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant GBM cells in vitro by inhibiting CSPG4 and related signalling pathways. Studies investigating the mechanism demonstrated that FUR suppressed CSPG4-Akt-ERK signalling, inflammatory responses, and cytokine levels but activated caspase-dependent pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, an immunofluorescence assay and a dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that inhibition of EGR1-mediated transcription might have contributed to the FUR-dependent blockade of CSPG4 signalling and glioma cell survival. These results established a link between FUR-induced CSPG4 inhibition and the suppression of EGR1-dependent transcription. Attenuation of ERK1/2 and cytokine signalling might have generated the EGR1-dependent negative feedback loop of the CSPG4 pathway during FUR-induced apoptosis. These findings suggested that FUR could be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of malignant glioma via targeting CSPG4 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yue-Cheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yue-Yang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wen-Lan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zong-Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
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Shi W, Wang Y, Peng J, Qi S, Vitale N, Kaneda N, Murata T, Luo H, Wu J. EPHB6 controls catecholamine biosynthesis by up-regulating tyrosine hydroxylase transcription in adrenal gland chromaffin cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6871-6887. [PMID: 30824540 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
EPHB6 is a member of the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular kinase (EPH) family and a receptor tyrosine kinase with a dead kinase domain. It is involved in blood pressure regulation and adrenal gland catecholamine (CAT) secretion, but several facets of EPHB6-mediated CAT regulation are unclear. In this study, using biochemical, quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and gene microarray assays, we found that EPHB6 up-regulates CAT biosynthesis in adrenal gland chromaffin cells (AGCCs). We observed that epinephrine content is reduced in the AGCCs from male Ephb6-KO mice, caused by decreased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in CAT biosynthesis. We demonstrate that the signaling pathway from EPHB6 to tyrosine hydroxylase expression in AGCCs involves Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1), MAP kinase kinase 7 (MKK7), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), proto-oncogene c-Jun, activator protein 1 (AP1), and early growth response 1 (EGR1). On the other hand, signaling via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and ELK1, ETS transcription factor (ELK1) was not affected by EPHB6 deletion. We further report that EPHB6's effect on AGCCs was via reverse signaling through ephrin B1 and that EPHB6 acted in concert with the nongenomic effect of testosterone to control CAT biosynthesis. Our findings elucidate the mechanisms by which EPHB6 modulates CAT biosynthesis and identify potential therapeutic targets for diseases, such as hypertension, caused by dysfunctional CAT biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- From the Research Centre and
| | - Yujia Wang
- From the Research Centre and.,the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | | | | | - Nicolas Vitale
- the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR-3212, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France, and
| | - Norio Kaneda
- the Department of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya 4688503, Japan
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- the Department of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya 4688503, Japan
| | | | - Jiangping Wu
- From the Research Centre and .,Nephrology Department, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada
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Choi HY, Yang GM, Dayem AA, Saha SK, Kim K, Yoo Y, Hong K, Kim JH, Yee C, Lee KM, Cho SG. Hydrodynamic shear stress promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by downregulating ERK and GSK3β activities. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:6. [PMID: 30651129 PMCID: PMC6335853 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs in the tumor microenvironment and presents an important mechanism of tumor cell intravasation, stemness acquisition, and metastasis. During metastasis, tumor cells enter the circulation to gain access to distant tissues, but how this fluid microenvironment influences cancer cell biology is poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we present both in vivo and in vitro evidence that EMT-like transition also occurs in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a result of hydrodynamic shear stress (+SS), which promotes conversion of CD24middle/CD44high/CD133middle/CXCR4low/ALDH1low primary patient epithelial tumor cells into specific high sphere-forming CD24low/CD44low/CD133high/CXCR4high/ALDH1high cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) with elevated tumor progression and metastasis capacity in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that conversion of CSLCs/TICs from epithelial tumor cells via +SS is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nitric oxide (NO) generation, and suppression of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, a mechanism similar to that operating in embryonic stem cells to prevent their differentiation while promoting self-renewal. CONCLUSION Fluid shear stress experienced during systemic circulation of human breast tumor cells can lead to specific acquisition of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like potential that promotes EMT, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and metastasis to distant organs. Our data revealed that biomechanical forces appeared to be important microenvironmental factors that not only drive hematopoietic development but also lead to acquisition of CSLCs/TIC potential in cancer metastasis. Our data highlight that +SS is a critical factor that promotes the conversion of CTCs into distinct TICs in blood circulation by endowing plasticity to these cells and by maintaining their self-renewal signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbum Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 26-1 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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26
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EGR-mediated control of STIM expression and function. Cell Calcium 2018; 77:58-67. [PMID: 30553973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous, dynamic and pluripotent second messenger with highly context-dependent roles in complex cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. These Ca2+ signals are generated by Ca2+-permeable channels located on the plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and shaped by PM- and ER-localized pumps and transporters. Differences in the expression of these Ca2+ homeostasis proteins contribute to cell and context-dependent differences in the spatiotemporal organization of Ca2+ signals and, ultimately, cell fate. This review focuses on the Early Growth Response (EGR) family of zinc finger transcription factors and their role in the transcriptional regulation of Stromal Interaction Molecule (STIM1), a critical regulator of Ca2+ entry in both excitable and non-excitable cells.
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Tumor suppression by the EGR1, DMP1, ARF, p53, and PTEN Network. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:520-536. [PMID: 30396285 PMCID: PMC6500763 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1533965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that EGR1 is a direct regulator of tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, and p53. The Myb-like transcription factor Dmp1 is a physiological regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway through transactivation of the Arf promoter and physical interaction of p53. The Dmp1 promoter has binding sites for Egr proteins, and Egr1 is a target for Dmp1. Crosstalks between p53 and PTEN have been reported. The Egr1-Dmp1-Arf-p53-Pten pathway displays multiple modes of interaction with each other, suggesting the existence of a functional network of tumor suppressors that maintain normal cell growth and prevent the emergence of incipient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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28
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Shan J, Dudenhausen E, Kilberg MS. Induction of early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) by endoplasmic reticulum stress is mediated by the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) arm of the MAPK pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:371-381. [PMID: 30290239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates three principal signaling pathways, collectively known as the unfolded protein response, leading to translational and transcriptional control mechanisms that dictate the cell's response as adaptive or apoptotic. The present study illustrates that for HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells the signaling pathways triggered by ER stress extend beyond the three principal pathways to include mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, leading to activation of transcription from the early growth response 1 (EGR1) gene. Analysis provided evidence for a SRC-RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK cascade mechanism that leads to enhanced phosphorylation of the transcription factor ELK1. ELK1 and serum response factor (SRF) are constitutively bound to the EGR1 promoter and are phosphorylated by nuclear localized ERK. The promoter abundance of both phospho-SRF and phopsho-ELK1 was increased by ER stress, but the SRF phosphorylation was transient. Knockdown of ELK1 had little effect on the basal EGR1 mRNA content, but completely blocked the increase in response to ER stress. Conversely, knockdown of SRF suppressed basal EGR1 mRNA content, but had only a small effect on the induction by ER stress. This research highlights the importance of MAPK signaling in response to ER stress and identifies ELK1 as a transcriptional mediator and the EGR1 gene as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiu Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics Institute, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, FL, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Dudenhausen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics Institute, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, FL, United States of America
| | - Michael S Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics Institute, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, FL, United States of America.
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29
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Kawata K, Hatano A, Yugi K, Kubota H, Sano T, Fujii M, Tomizawa Y, Kokaji T, Tanaka KY, Uda S, Suzuki Y, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI, Saitoh K, Kato K, Ueno A, Ohishi M, Hirayama A, Soga T, Kuroda S. Trans-omic Analysis Reveals Selective Responses to Induced and Basal Insulin across Signaling, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Networks. iScience 2018; 7:212-229. [PMID: 30267682 PMCID: PMC6161632 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of insulin selectively regulate multiple cellular functions. To understand how insulin concentrations are interpreted by cells, we constructed a trans-omic network of insulin action in FAO hepatoma cells using transcriptomic data, western blotting analysis of signaling proteins, and metabolomic data. By integrating sensitivity into the trans-omic network, we identified the selective trans-omic networks stimulated by high and low doses of insulin, denoted as induced and basal insulin signals, respectively. The induced insulin signal was selectively transmitted through the pathway involving Erk to an increase in the expression of immediate-early and upregulated genes, whereas the basal insulin signal was selectively transmitted through a pathway involving Akt and an increase of Foxo phosphorylation and a reduction of downregulated gene expression. We validated the selective trans-omic network in vivo by analysis of the insulin-clamped rat liver. This integrated analysis enabled molecular insight into how liver cells interpret physiological insulin signals to regulate cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hatano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; YCI Laboratory for Trans-Omics, Young Chief Investigator Program, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-8520, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Division of Integrated Omics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Sano
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujii
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoko Tomizawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kokaji
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Kaori Y Tanaka
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uda
- Division of Integrated Omics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Ayano Ueno
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Maki Ohishi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Mohamad T, Kazim N, Adhikari A, Davie JK. EGR1 interacts with TBX2 and functions as a tumor suppressor in rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18084-18098. [PMID: 29719592 PMCID: PMC5915059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
EGR1, one of the immediate-early response genes, can function as a tumor suppressor gene or as an oncogene in cancer. The function of EGR1 has not been fully characterized in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a pediatric cancer derived from the muscle linage. We found that EGR1 is downregulated in the alveolar RMS (ARMS) subtype but expressed at levels comparable to normal skeletal muscle in embryonal RMS (ERMS). We found that overexpression of EGR1 in ARMS significantly decreased cell proliferation, mobility, and anchorage-independent growth while also promoting differentiation. We found that EGR1 interacts with TBX2, which we have shown functions as an oncogene in RMS. The interaction inhibits EGR1 dependent gene expression, which includes the cell cycle regulators p21 and PTEN as well as other important cell growth drivers such as NDRG1 and CST6. We also found that EGR1 induced apoptosis by triggering the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. EGR1 also activated two pro-apoptotic factors, BAX and dephosphorylated BAD, which are both located upstream of the caspase cascades in the intrinsic pathway. EGR1 also sensitized RMS cells to chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting that activating EGR1 may improve therapeutic targeting by inducing apoptosis. Our results establish the important role of EGR1 in understanding RMS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trefa Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Noor Kazim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Abhinav Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Judith K Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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LY3009120, a panRAF inhibitor, has significant anti-tumor activity in BRAF and KRAS mutant preclinical models of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9251-9266. [PMID: 27999210 PMCID: PMC5354729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the KRAS and BRAF genes, leading to hyperactivation of the RAS/RAF/MAPK oncogenic signaling cascade, are common in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). While selective BRAF inhibitors are efficacious in BRAFmut melanoma, they have limited efficacy in BRAFmut CRC patients. In a RASmut background, selective BRAF inhibitors are contraindicated due to paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway through potentiation of CRAF kinase activity. A way to overcome such paradoxical activation is through concurrent inhibition of the kinase activity of both RAF isoforms. Here, we further examined the effects of LY3009120, a panRAF and RAF dimer inhibitor, in human models of CRC with various mutational backgrounds. We demonstrate that LY3009120 induced anti-proliferative effects in BRAFmut and KRASmut CRC cell lines through G1-cell cycle arrest. The anti-proliferative effects of LY3009120 in KRASmut CRC cell lines phenocopied molecular inhibition of RAF isoforms by simultaneous siRNA-mediated knockdown of ARAF, BRAF and CRAF. Additionally, LY3009120 displayed significant activity in in vivo BRAFmut and KRASmut CRC xenograft models. Examination of potential resistance to LY3009120 demonstrated RAF-independent ERK and AKT activation in the KRASmut CRC cell line HCT 116. These findings describe the preclinical activity of a panRAF inhibitor in a BRAFmut and KRASmut CRC setting.
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32
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Wei LL, Wu XJ, Gong CC, Pei DS. Egr-1 suppresses breast cancer cells proliferation by arresting cell cycle progression via down-regulating CyclinDs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:10212-10222. [PMID: 31966355 PMCID: PMC6965751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Egr-1 is an important nuclear transcription factor in the early growth response gene family (Egr family). Egr-1 was reportedly involved in the tumorigenesis of diverse tumors. However, there was a paucity of data regarding the role of Egr-1 in the breast cancer. Herein, we investigated the expression of Egr-1 in breast tissues and breast cancer cell lines BT549 and Bcap37. Immunohistochemistry showed that Egr-1 was down-regulated in breast cancer tissues versus the normal paracancerous tissues. Overexpression of Egr-1 could arrest the progression of cell cycle in breast cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed Egr-1 could bind to the promoters of CyclinD1, CyclinD2 and CyclinD3. Together, these results suggested that Egr-1 could affect the cell cycle of breast cancer cells and defined the mechanism for the cells by inhibiting the process of G0/G1 phase. Our findings provide new insight into Egr-1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Wei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of XuzhouXuzhou 221002, China
| | - Chan-Chan Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002, China
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Jacob S, Nayak S, Kakar R, Chaudhari UK, Joshi D, Vundinti BR, Fernandes G, Barai RS, Kholkute SD, Sachdeva G. A triad of telomerase, androgen receptor and early growth response 1 in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 17:439-48. [PMID: 27003515 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activation is one of the key mechanisms that allow cells to bypass replicative senescence. Telomerase activity is primarily regulated at the level of transcription of its catalytic unit- hTERT. Prostate cancer (PCa), akin to other cancers, is characterized by high telomerase activity. Existing data suggest that hTERT expression and telomerase activity are positively regulated by androgenic stimuli in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) cells. A part of the present study reaffirmed this by demonstrating a decline in the hTERT expression and telomerase activity on "loss of AR" in ADPC cells. The study further addressed 2 unresolved queries, i) whether AR-mediated signaling is of any relevance to hTERT expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and ii) whether this signaling involves EGR1. Our data suggest that AR-mediated signaling negatively regulates hTERT expression in CRPC cells. Incidental support for the possibility of EGR1 being a regulator of hTERT expression in PCa was provided by i) immunolocalization of hTERT and EGR1 proteins in the same cell type (secretory epithelium) of PCa and BPH tissues; ii) significantly (p< 0.001) higher levels of both these proteins in CRPC (PC3 and DU145), compared with ADPC (LNCaP) cells. A direct evidence for the role of EGR1 in hTERT expression was evident by a significant (p<0.0001) decrease in the hTERT transcript levels in the EGR1-silenced CRPC cells. Further, "gain of AR" led to a significant reduction in the levels of hTERT and EGR1 in CRPC cells. However, restoration of EGR1 levels prevented the decline in the hTERT transcript levels in these cells. Taken together, our data indicate that AR regulates the expression of EGR1, which in turn acts as a positive regulator of hTERT expression in CRPC cells. Thus, AR exerts an inhibitory effect on hTERT expression and telomerase activity by modulating EGR1 levels in CRPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Jacob
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Sumeet Nayak
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Ruchi Kakar
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Uddhav K Chaudhari
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Dolly Joshi
- b Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), ICMR , Mumbai , India
| | - Babu R Vundinti
- b Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), ICMR , Mumbai , India
| | | | - Ram S Barai
- d Biomedical Informatics Centre, NIRRH, ICMR , Mumbai , India
| | - Sanjeeva D Kholkute
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- a Primate Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , Mumbai , India
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Ampofo E, Schmitt BM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. The regulatory mechanisms of NG2/CSPG4 expression. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:4. [PMID: 28536635 PMCID: PMC5415841 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), also known as chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), is a surface type I transmembrane core proteoglycan that is crucially involved in cell survival, migration and angiogenesis. NG2 is frequently used as a marker for the identification and characterization of certain cell types, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating its expression. In this review, we provide evidence that the regulation of NG2 expression underlies inflammation and hypoxia and is mediated by methyltransferases, transcription factors, including Sp1, paired box (Pax) 3 and Egr-1, and the microRNA miR129-2. These regulatory factors crucially determine NG2-mediated cellular processes such as glial scar formation in the central nervous system (CNS) or tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, they are potential targets for the establishment of novel NG2-based therapeutic strategies in the treatment of CNS injuries, cancer and other conditions of these types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Beate M Schmitt
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Ectopical expression of FABP4 gene can induce bovine muscle-derived stem cells adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:352-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Torrealba N, Rodríguez-Berriguete G, Fraile B, Olmedilla G, Martínez-Onsurbe P, Guil-Cid M, Paniagua R, Royuela M. Expression of several cytokines in prostate cancer: Correlation with clinical variables of patients. Relationship with biochemical progression of the malignance. Cytokine 2016; 89:105-115. [PMID: 27527810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work is focused on finding new markers that complement or diagnoses currently used towards improving knowledge histological and statistical aspects that allow us to predict the local stage carcinomas and to identify and understand all the factors related to the progression of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostates were obtained from: normal prostates from 20 men, diagnosis of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) from 35 men and prostate cancer from 86 men. We studied the behavior of cytokines that have been implicated in inflammatory processes: TNF-alfa, IL-6, IL-1, EGF and TGF-B. Expression of these cytokines and its receptors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Spearman's test, Kaplan-Meier curves, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Spearman's analysis showed that there was at least one correlation between TGFB-B, IL-6, gp-130, IL-1B, IL-1R, IL-1RII and clinic pathological feature (preoperative serum PSA, clinical t stage, pathological t stage, positive surgical margins, biochemical progression, survival). Immunostaining score was correlated with some of the clinicopathological feature. In Cox multivariate analysis between the prognostic variables (pathological T stage, Gleason score and lymph node) and immunohistochemical parameters (TGF-B, IL-1a, intensity TGFBRI and intensity TGFBRII) only the expression of IL-1a was retained as independent predictors of biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role for prostatic expression of TGF-B, IL-1a, TGFBRI and TGFBRII as prognostic markers for prostate cancer. The rational combination of novel agents directed toward the inactivation of TGF-B, IL-1a, TGFBRI and TGFBRII could disrupt complementary tumor cell proliferation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norelia Torrealba
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Spain.
| | | | - Benito Fraile
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Olmedilla
- Department of Pathology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Martínez-Onsurbe
- Department of Pathology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Guil-Cid
- Department of Urology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Paniagua
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Spain.
| | - Mar Royuela
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Spain.
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Ribeiro JR, Schorl C, Yano N, Romano N, Kim KK, Singh RK, Moore RG. HE4 promotes collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:28. [PMID: 27184254 PMCID: PMC4869286 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance presents a difficult challenge in treating epithelial ovarian cancer patients, particularly when tumors exhibit resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents. A few studies have shown that elevated serum levels of the ovarian cancer biomarker HE4 correlate with tumor chemoresistance, response to treatment, and survival. Here, we sought to confirm our previous results that HE4 contributes to collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel in vitro and uncover factors that may contribute to HE4-mediated chemoresistance. Methods MTS assays and western blots for cleaved PARP were used to assess resistance of HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 and OVCAR8 clones to cisplatin and paclitaxel. CRISPR/Cas technology was used to knockdown HE4 in HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 cells. A microarray was conducted to determine differential gene expression between SKOV3 null vector-transfected and HE4-overexpressing clones upon cisplatin exposure, and results were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Regulation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and tubulins were assessed by western blot. Results HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 and OVCAR8 clones displayed increased resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Knockdown of HE4 in HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 cells partially reversed chemoresistance. Microarray analysis revealed that HE4 overexpression resulted in suppression of cisplatin-mediated upregulation of EGR1, a MAPK-regulated gene involved in promoting apoptosis. Upregulation of p38, a MAPK activated in response to cisplatin, was suppressed in HE4-overexpressing clones. No differences in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation were noted in HE4-overexpressing clones treated with 25 μM cisplatin, but ERK activation was partially suppressed in HE4-overexpressing clones treated with 80 μM cisplatin. Furthermore, treatment of cells with recombinant HE4 dramatically affected ERK activation in SKOV3 and OVCAR8 wild type cells. Recombinant HE4 also upregulated α-tubulin and β-tubulin levels in SKOV3 and OVCAR8 cells, and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene expression was increased in SKOV3 HE4-overexpressing clones. Conclusions Overexpression of HE4 promotes collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel, and downregulation of HE4 partially reverses this chemoresistance. Multiple factors could be involved in HE4-mediated chemoresistance, including deregulation of MAPK signaling, as well as alterations in tubulin levels or stability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-016-0240-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ribeiro
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - C Schorl
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Genomics Core Facility, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - N Yano
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - N Romano
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - K K Kim
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R K Singh
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Sakakini N, Turchi L, Bergon A, Holota H, Rekima S, Lopez F, Paquis P, Almairac F, Fontaine D, Baeza-Kallee N, Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H, Figarella-Branger D, Burel-Vandenbos F, Imbert J, Virolle T. A Positive Feed-forward Loop Associating EGR1 and PDGFA Promotes Proliferation and Self-renewal in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10684-99. [PMID: 27002148 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common primary brain tumors, highly vascularized, infiltrating, and resistant to current therapies. This cancer leads to a fatal outcome in less than 18 months. The aggressive behavior of glioblastomas, including resistance to current treatments and tumor recurrence, has been attributed to glioma stemlike/progenitor cells. The transcription factor EGR1 (early growth response 1), a member of a zinc finger transcription factor family, has been described as tumor suppressor in gliomas when ectopically overexpressed. Although EGR1 expression in human glioblastomas has been associated with patient survival, its precise location in tumor territories as well as its contribution to glioblastoma progression remain elusive. In the present study, we show that EGR1-expressing cells are more frequent in high grade gliomas where the nuclear expression of EGR1 is restricted to proliferating/progenitor cells. We show in primary cultures of glioma stemlike cells that EGR1 contributes to stemness marker expression and proliferation by orchestrating a PDGFA-dependent growth-stimulatory loop. In addition, we demonstrate that EGR1 acts as a positive regulator of several important genes, including SHH, GLI1, GLI2, and PDGFA, previously linked to the maintenance and proliferation of glioma stemlike cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sakakini
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France, INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Laurent Turchi
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Aurélie Bergon
- INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Hélène Holota
- INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Samah Rekima
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Fabrice Lopez
- INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Philipe Paquis
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France, the Service de Neurchirurgie, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice 06107, France
| | - Fabien Almairac
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France, the Service de Neurchirurgie, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice 06107, France
| | - Denys Fontaine
- the Service de Neurchirurgie, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice 06107, France
| | - Nathalie Baeza-Kallee
- Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 13284 Marseille, France, CRO2, INSERM UMR 911, 13284 Marseille Cedex, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Junier
- CNRS UMR8246 Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France, INSERM U1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France, and University Pierre and Marie Curie UMCR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- CNRS UMR8246 Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France, INSERM U1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France, and University Pierre and Marie Curie UMCR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 13284 Marseille, France, CRO2, INSERM UMR 911, 13284 Marseille Cedex, France, the Departement de Pathology, CHU de la Timone, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Fanny Burel-Vandenbos
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France, the Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice 06107, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France,
| | - Thierry Virolle
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France,
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Melton DW, Lei X, Gelfond JAL, Shireman PK. Dynamic macrophage polarization-specific miRNA patterns reveal increased soluble VEGF receptor 1 by miR-125a-5p inhibition. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:345-60. [PMID: 26884460 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00098.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic, epigenetic mechanisms can regulate macrophage phenotypes following exposure to different stimulating conditions and environments. However, temporal patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) across multiple macrophage polarization phenotypes have not been defined. We determined miRNA expression in bone marrow-derived murine macrophages over multiple time points (0.5, 1, 3, 24 h) following exposure to cytokines and/or LPS. We hypothesized that dynamic changes in miRNAs regulate macrophage phenotypes. Changes in macrophage polarization markers were detected as early as 0.5 and as late as 24 h; however, robust responses for most markers occurred within 3 h. In parallel, many polarization-specific miRNAs were also changed by 3 h and expressed divergent patterns between M1 and M2a conditions, with increased expression in M1 (miR-155, 199a-3p, 214-3p, 455-3p, and 125a) or M2a (miR-511 and 449a). Specifically, miR-125a-5p exhibited divergent patterns: increased at 12-24 h in M1 macrophages and decreasing trend in M2a. VEGF in the culture media of macrophages was dependent upon the polarization state, with greatly diminished VEGF in M2a compared with M1 macrophage culture media despite similar VEGF in cell lysates. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p in media-only controls (MO) and M1 macrophages greatly increased expression and secretion of soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) leading to diminished VEGF in the culture media, partially converting MO and M1 into an M2a phenotype. Thus, the divergent expression patterns of polarization-specific miRNAs led to the identification and demonstrated the regulation of a specific macrophage polarization phenotype, sVEGFR1 by inhibition of miR-125a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Melton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - XiuFen Lei
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jonathan A L Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Paula K Shireman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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Fan Y, Timani KA, He JJ. STAT3 and its phosphorylation are involved in HIV-1 Tat-induced transactivation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Curr HIV Res 2015; 13:55-63. [PMID: 25613134 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x13666150121115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein is a major pathogenic factor in HIV-associated neurological diseases; it exhibits direct neurotoxicity and indirect astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity. We have shown that Tat alone is capable of activating glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and inducing astrocytosis involving sequential activation of early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) and p300. In this study, we determined the roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in Tat-induced GFAP transactivation. STAT3 expression and phosphorylation led to significant increases in GFAP transcription and protein expression. Tat expression was associated with increased STAT3 expression and phosphorylation in Tat-expressing astrocytes and HIV-infected astrocytes. GFAP, Egr-1 and p300 transcription and protein expression all showed positive response to STAT3 and its phosphorylation. Importantly, knockdown of STAT3 resulted in significant decreases in Tat-induced GFAP and Egr-1 transcription and protein expression. Taken together, these findings show that STAT3 is involved in and acts upstream of Egr1 and p300 in the Tat-induced GFAP transactivation cascade and suggest important roles of STAT3 in controlling astrocyte proliferation and activation in the HIV-infected central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johnny J He
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Early Growth Response Protein-1 Expression by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Requires ROS-Dependent Activation of ERK1/2 and PKB Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:152-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ground State Conditions Induce Rapid Reorganization of Core Pluripotency Factor Binding before Global Epigenetic Reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:462-70. [PMID: 26235340 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cultured under serum/LIF conditions exhibit heterogeneous expression of pluripotency-associated factors that can be overcome by two inhibitors (2i) of the MEK and GSK3 pathways. Several studies have shown that the "ground state" induced by 2i is characterized by global hypomethylation and specific transcriptional profiles, but little is known about the contributing effectors. Here we show that 2i conditions rapidly alter the global binding landscape of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. The dynamic binding influences enhancer activity and shows enrichment for regulators linked to Wnt and Erk signaling. Epigenomic characterization provided limited insights to the immediate transcriptional dynamics, suggesting that these are likely more secondary effects. Likewise, loss of the PRC2 component EED to prevent H3K27me3 deposition had minimal effect on the transcriptome, implying that it is largely dispensable for continued repression of bivalent genes and de novo silencing in 2i.
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CArG-driven GADD45α activated by resveratrol inhibits lung cancer cells. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:220-30. [PMID: 26124921 PMCID: PMC4482243 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report anticarcinogenic effects of suicide gene therapy that relies on the use of resveratrol-responsive CArG elements from the Egr-1 promoter to induce GADD45α. In A549 lung cancer cells, endogenous GADD45α was not induced upon resveratrol treatment. Therefore, induction of exogenous GADD45α resulted in growth inhibition. Resveratrol transiently induced Egr-1 through ERK/JNK-ElK-1. Hence, we cloned natural or synthetic Egr-1 promoter upstream of GADD45α cDNA to create a suicide gene therapy vector. Since natural promoter may have antagonized effects, we tested synthetic promoter that contains either five, six or nine repeats of CArG elements essential in the Egr-1 promoter to drive the expression of GADD45α upon resveratrol treatment. Further analysis confirmed that both synthetic promoter and natural Egr-1 promoter were able to “turn on” the expression of GADD45α when combined with resveratrol, and subsequently led to suppression of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic, an environmental contaminant, leads to increased risks of cancers. In the present study, we investigated the sequential regulation of Elk-1 and Egr-1 on As3+-induced GADD45α, an effector of G2/M checkpoint. We found that As3+ transcriptionally induced both Elk-1 and Egr-1, and NF-κB binding site was necessary for As3+-induced Egr-1 promoter activity. However, specific inhibition of JNK, ERK, and Elk-1 inhibited Egr-1 induction. Furthermore, silencing of Egr-1 downregulated As3+-induced expression of GADD45α and ChIP assay confirmed the direct binding of Egr-1 to GADD45α promoter. Taken together, our data indicated that the increase of GADD45α in response to As3+ was mediated sequentially by Elk-1 and Egr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Deepak Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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ECM1 promotes the Warburg effect through EGF-mediated activation of PKM2. Cell Signal 2014; 27:228-35. [PMID: 25446258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is an oncogenic metabolic switch that allows cancer cells to take up more glucose than normal cells and favors anaerobic glycolysis. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is overexpressed in various types of carcinoma. Using two-dimensional digest-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS, we showed that the expression of proteins associated with the Warburg effect was upregulated in trastuzumab-resistant BT-474 cells that overexpressed ECM1 compared to control cells. We further demonstrated that ECM1 induced the expression of genes that promote the Warburg effect, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α). The phosphorylation status of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) at Ser37, which is responsible for the expression of genes that promote the Warburg effect, was affected by the modulation of ECM1 expression. Moreover, EGF-dependent ERK activation that was regulated by ECM1 induced not only PKM2 phosphorylation but also gene expression of GLUT1 and LDHA. These findings provide evidence that ECM1 plays an important role in promoting the Warburg effect mediated by PKM2.
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Mikles DC, Bhat V, Schuchardt BJ, McDonald CB, Farooq A. Enthalpic factors override the polyelectrolyte effect in the binding of EGR1 transcription factor to DNA. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:82-91. [PMID: 24436125 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein-DNA interactions are highly dependent upon salt such that the binding affinity precipitously decreases with increasing salt concentration in a phenomenon termed as the polyelectrolyte effect. In this study, we provide evidence that the binding of early growth response (EGR) 1 transcription factor to DNA displays virtually zero dependence on ionic strength under physiological salt concentrations and that such feat is accomplished via favorable enthalpic contributions. Importantly, we unearth the molecular origin of such favorable enthalpy and attribute it to the ability of H382 residue to stabilize the EGR1-DNA interaction via both intermolecular hydrogen bonding and van der Waals contacts against the backdrop of salt. Consistent with this notion, the substitution of H382 residue with other amino acids faithfully restores salt-dependent binding of EGR1 to DNA in a canonical fashion. Remarkably, H382 is highly conserved across other members of the EGR family, implying that changes in bulk salt concentration are unlikely to play a significant role in modulating protein-DNA interactions central to this family of transcription factors. Taken together, our study reports the first example of a eukaryotic protein-DNA interaction capable of overriding the polyelectrolyte effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Mikles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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Ji Z, Su J, Liu C, Wang H, Huang D, Zhou X. Integrating genomics and proteomics data to predict drug effects using binary linear programming. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102798. [PMID: 25036040 PMCID: PMC4103865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) project aims to create a network-based understanding of biology by cataloging changes in gene expression and signal transduction that occur when cells are exposed to a variety of perturbations. It is helpful for understanding cell pathways and facilitating drug discovery. Here, we developed a novel approach to infer cell-specific pathways and identify a compound's effects using gene expression and phosphoproteomics data under treatments with different compounds. Gene expression data were employed to infer potential targets of compounds and create a generic pathway map. Binary linear programming (BLP) was then developed to optimize the generic pathway topology based on the mid-stage signaling response of phosphorylation. To demonstrate effectiveness of this approach, we built a generic pathway map for the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and inferred the cell-specific pathways by BLP. The first group of 11 compounds was utilized to optimize the generic pathways, and then 4 compounds were used to identify effects based on the inferred cell-specific pathways. Cross-validation indicated that the cell-specific pathways reliably predicted a compound's effects. Finally, we applied BLP to re-optimize the cell-specific pathways to predict the effects of 4 compounds (trichostatin A, MS-275, staurosporine, and digoxigenin) according to compound-induced topological alterations. Trichostatin A and MS-275 (both HDAC inhibitors) inhibited the downstream pathway of HDAC1 and caused cell growth arrest via activation of p53 and p21; the effects of digoxigenin were totally opposite. Staurosporine blocked the cell cycle via p53 and p21, but also promoted cell growth via activated HDAC1 and its downstream pathway. Our approach was also applied to the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, and the cross-validation analysis showed very good accuracy in predicting effects of 4 compounds. In summary, our computational model can be used to elucidate potential mechanisms of a compound's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ji
- Division of Radiologic Sciences - Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America; School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Division of Radiologic Sciences - Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Division of Radiologic Sciences - Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Division of Radiologic Sciences - Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deshuang Huang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Division of Radiologic Sciences - Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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EGR1 decreases the malignancy of human non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulating KRT18 expression. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5416. [PMID: 24990820 PMCID: PMC4080516 DOI: 10.1038/srep05416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a multifunctional transcription factor; Positive and negative functions of EGR1 in various tumors rely on the integrated functions of various genes it regulates. In this study, we observed the role of EGR1 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and identified genes that influence cell fate and tumor development. Various assays showed that EGR1 arrested cell mobility, inhibited migration, and induced apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed that 100 genes, including CDKN1C, CDC27 and PRKDC, changed their mRNA expressions with the increase of EGR1 and contributed to intervention of tumor progression. Bioinformatics analysis and promoter analysis indicated that an EGR1 binding site was situated in the promoter of KRT18 (also named CK18) and KRT18 could assist in inhibition of NSCLC development. The expression level of EGR1 and KRT18 in NSCLC clinical cases was investigated by immunohistochemistry, in which the protein expression of KRT18 was found to be significantly associated with EGR1 and lymph node metastasis. The results collectively confirm that EGR1 functions as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. This study is the first to report KRT18 expression is directly regulated by EGR1, and contributes to decrease malignancy of NSCLC.
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Xu B, Tang G, Xiao C, Wang L, Yang Q, Sun Y. Androgen deprivation therapy induces androgen receptor-dependent upregulation of Egr1 in prostate cancers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:2883-2893. [PMID: 25031707 PMCID: PMC4097214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Early growth response gene-1 (Egr1) has a crucial function in the development and progression of prostate cancer. However, whether Egr1 contributes to the transition of advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) from androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) remains largely unknown. To the best of our knowledge, through immunohistochemical staining methods, we were the first to identify that Egr1 is more highly expressed in AIPC clinical specimens than in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC). An in vitro study with quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that Egr1 also has a higher expression in androgen-independent PC3 cells than in the androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Egr1 expression in LNCaP cells was significantly upregulated during the androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) and was re-downregulated through the addition of dihydrotestosterone. Although no variation in PC3 cells was identified, Egr1 responded to dihydrotestosterone and flutamide in the androgen receptor (AR)-transfected PC3 cells. Further investigation with Egr1 agonist and specific siRNA-targeting Egr1 revealed that Egr1 upregulation or downregulation was accompanied by a change in inhibitors of differentiation and DNA binding-1 (Id1) in the same direction in both LNCaP and PC3 cells. The variation is shown to be negatively regulated by androgen through AR during ADT. Our data suggested that upregulated Egr1 might partially contribute to the emergence of AIPC after prolonged ADT. This study also elucidated the potential mechanism underlying Id1 participation in the progression of prostate cancer. Understanding the key molecular events in the transition from ADPC to AIPC may provide new therapeutic intervention strategies for patients with AIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Gusheng Tang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengwu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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Hung TH, Chen CM, Tseng CP, Shen CJ, Wang HL, Choo KB, Chong KY. FZD1 activates protein kinase C delta-mediated drug-resistance in multidrug-resistant MES-SA/Dx5 cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:55-65. [PMID: 24814288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer is a major clinical problem in chemotherapy of cancer patients. We have noted inappropriate PKCδ hypomethylation and overexpression of genes in the PKCδ/AP-1 pathway in the human uterus sarcoma drug-resistant cell line, MES-SA/Dx5 cells, which also overexpress p-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Recent studies have indicated that FZD1 is overexpressed in both multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines and in clinical tumor samples. These data have led us to hypothesize that the FZD1-mediated PKCδ signal-transduction pathway may play an important role in drug resistance in MES-SA/Dx5 cells. In this work, the PKCδ inhibitor Rottlerin was found to reduce ABCB1 expression and to inhibit the MDR drug pumping ability in the MES-SA/Dx5 cells when compared with the doxorubicin-sensitive parental cell line, MES-SA. PKCδ was up-regulated with concurrent up-regulation of the mRNA levels of the AP-1-related factors, c-JUN and c-FOS. Activation of AP-1 also correlated with up-regulation of the AP-1 downstream genes HGF and EGR1. Furthermore, AP-1 activities were reduced and the AP-1 downstream genes were down-regulated in Rottlerin-treated or PKCδ shRNA-transfected cells. MES-SA/Dx5 cells were resensitized to doxorubicin-induced toxicity by co-treatment with doxorubicin and Rottlerin or PKCδ shRNA. In addition, cell viability and drug pump-out ability were significantly reduced in the FZD1 inhibitor curcumin-treated and FZD1 shRNA-knockdown MES-SA/Dx5 cells, indicating involvement of PKCδ in FZD1-modulated ABCB1 expression pathway. Taken together, our data demonstrate that FZD1 regulates PKCδ, and the PKCδ/AP-1 signalling transduction pathway plays an important role in drug resistance in MES-SA/Dx5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hsien Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology College of medicine, Chang Gung University,Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Ping Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology College of medicine, Chang Gung University,Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kong-Bung Choo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kowit Yu Chong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology College of medicine, Chang Gung University,Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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