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Lu Y, Löckenhoff CE. Differences in the Temporal Extension of Self-Continuity Over the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic. SELF AND IDENTITY 2024; 23:505-520. [PMID: 39398441 PMCID: PMC11466364 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2024.2400732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
This study examined whether the average levels and the temporal extension of self-continuity varied over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three demographically matched adult life-span samples (n = 223 each) were gathered in the U.S. in fall 2016, summer 2020, and winter 2022/23. Participants rated their self-continuity 1/5/10 years into the past and future. Multi-level analyses examined the effects of temporal distance, past/future direction, and assessment time while controlling for demographics. Average self-continuity did not vary across assessments, but the tendency to report lower self-continuity for more distant times was weaker during the pandemic, and the tendency to report lower self-continuity for past versus future was weaker during and after the pandemic. Discussion focuses on the role of slowed time perception during the pandemic and the possibility that mid- and post-pandemic reports of past self-continuity were elevated by nostalgic self-reflection, coupled with increased uncertainty about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University
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2
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Onal L, Bedir F, Turan M, Mavibas M, Savaş BÇ, Yasarturk F. Golden years happiness: analyzing the nostalgic aspect of leisure. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1466626. [PMID: 39380758 PMCID: PMC11458435 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1466626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Retirees face numerous challenges, particularly in countries with lower socio-economic conditions. Perceived social isolation and happiness levels are seen as significant factors that significantly affect the quality of life in old age. Perceived social happiness levels can disrupt the quality of life in old age and contribute to mental disorders. Recent studies on leisure have suggested a direct impact of individuals' leisure attitudes on happiness. In this context, leisure nostalgia stands out in the relationship between leisure attitude and happiness levels among retirees. In this study, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relationship between leisure attitude, leisure nostalgia, and happiness levels in a sample of 210 retirees. The findings revealed that leisure nostalgia fully mediated the relationship between leisure attitude and happiness. It was concluded that previous experiences significantly shape retirement, and leisure attitude offers valuable opportunities for enhancing happiness through effective leisure utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Murat Turan
- Erzurum Technical University, Yakutiye, Türkiye
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3
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Struik LL, Armasu A, Fortin G, Riglea T, Kalubi J, Ferlatte O, Naja M, O'Loughlin J, Sylvestre MP. A qualitative study of experiences among young adults who increased their cannabis use during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2434. [PMID: 39243042 PMCID: PMC11380347 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults face unique vulnerabilities during major life disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic contributed to increases in mental health challenges and substance use among young adults. This study explores the experiences of young adults who increased their cannabis use during the pandemic. METHODS Participants were recruited from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study, and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted via Zoom. A total of 25 participants (ages 33-34) reporting increased cannabis use during the pandemic were included. Thematic analysis and gender-based analysis was employed to extract key themes. RESULTS Five themes emerged: (1) No disruption in cannabis use; (2) Cannabis use to manage declines in mental health; (3) Cannabis use to break up pandemic boredom; (4) Cannabis use as an expression of freedom; (5) Cannabis use as "another way to chill out." CONCLUSIONS This research provides valuable perspectives on how major life disruptions, like the COVID-19 pandemic, influence cannabis use among young adults. The findings offer guidance for public health initiatives and highlight avenues for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Struik
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus1628 Dickson Ave., Landmark 4 - 609, Kelowna, BC, V1Y 9X1, Canada.
| | - Alexia Armasu
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CrCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Genevieve Fortin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Teodora Riglea
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CrCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jodi Kalubi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CrCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mounia Naja
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CrCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CrCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CrCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Toyoshima A, Kusumi T. Relationship Between Nostalgia Proneness, Generativity, and Ego Integrity. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024:914150241268051. [PMID: 39105288 DOI: 10.1177/00914150241268051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of nostalgia proneness on the level of achievement of developmental tasks during the later stages of adulthood (generativity and ego integrity) and the indirect effect of nostalgia on ego integrity. The level of nostalgia proneness changes with age and contributes to subjective well-being in old age. We assumed that nostalgia proneness affects generativity and ego integrity. To confirm the causal relationship between nostalgia proneness and achievement of developmental tasks, a longitudinal study was conducted. We conducted an Internet survey twice with 600 Japanese adults (aged 20-87). The first and second surveys (T1 and T2) were conducted in March 2021 and March 2022, respectively. The questionnaire comprised the Inventory of Psychosocial Balance scale, positive/negative nostalgia proneness scale, and state functions of the nostalgia scale. An autoregressive path model indicated that high and low levels of positive and negative proneness, respectively, predicted ego integrity. The results of the mediation analysis suggested that social connections have an indirect effect on ego integrity and that people who tend to feel positive emotions are less likely to feel negative emotions when they remember nostalgic memories, which leads to a sense of social connection and the acquisition of ego integrity. The findings provide an understanding of the processes through which developmental tasks are facilitated in later adulthood and elucidate the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Toyoshima
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusumi
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Loughnane J, Roth J, van Tilburg W. Collective UK nostalgia predicts a desire to leave the European Union. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 63:1254-1271. [PMID: 38294144 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Collective nostalgia is an emotion experienced when one sentimentally recalls events or things related to a particular social identity. We investigated the relationship between collective nostalgia about the United Kingdom (UK) and UK citizens' desire to leave the European Union (EU). We collected data of UK citizens twice prior to the UK's official withdrawal from the European Union (N = 347 and N = 240) and once afterwards (N = 236). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, utilizing cross-lagged panel models, supported the hypothesis that collective UK nostalgia increased the desire to leave the European Union. We additionally hypothesized that the relationship between these variables would be mediated positively by ties to UK citizens and negatively by ties to EU citizens. Exploratory and longitudinal analysis, however, indicated that strength of ties to UK and EU citizens predicts levels of collective UK nostalgia which, in turn, predicts desire to leave the European Union. Specifically, ties to UK citizens were associated with increased collective nostalgia and a desire to leave the EU and ties to EU citizens were associated with reduced collective nostalgia and a desire to re-join the European Union. We discuss the implications of the findings as well as making suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Roth
- University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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6
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Stephan E, Sedikides C. Mental Time Travel as Self-Affirmation. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2024; 28:181-208. [PMID: 37876180 DOI: 10.1177/10888683231203143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
ACADEMIC ABSTRACT This article integrates and advances the scope of research on the role of mental time travel in bolstering the self. We propose that imagining the self in the future (prospection) or in the past (retrospection) highlights central and positive self-aspects. Thus, bringing to mind one's future or past broadens the perceived bases of self-integrity and offers a route to self-affirmation. In reviewing corresponding research programs on self-prospection and nostalgia, we illustrate that mental time travel serves to affirm the self in terms of self-esteem, coherence, and control. Mental time travel could be implemented as a source of self-affirmation for facilitating coping and behavior change in several domains such as relationships, health, education, and organizational contexts. PUBLIC ABSTRACT People can mentally travel to their future or to their past. When people imagine what they will be like in the future, or what they were like in the past, they tend to think about themselves in terms of the important and positive attributes that they possess. Thinking about themselves in such an affirming way expands and consolidates their self-views. This broader image of themselves can increase self-esteem (the extent to which one likes who they are), coherence (the extent to which one perceives life as meaningful), and control (the extent to which one feels capable of initiating and pursuing goals or effecting desirable outcomes). Mental time travel, then, has favorable or affirming consequences for one's self-views. These consequences can be harnessed to modify one's behavior in such life domains as relationships, health, education, and work.
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7
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Cho H, Li P, Chen A. Nostalgia, Social Media, and Subjective Wellbeing: The Dualistic and Conditional Effects of Nostalgia During the COVID-19 Pandemic. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:507-517. [PMID: 36727655 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2170723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drastic lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic have caused many people to undergo nostalgic longing for the past. Drawing on the regulatory model of nostalgia, we built a research model to examine the dualistic effects of nostalgia on subjective wellbeing, using self-continuity as a mediator and social media use as a moderator. The findings from an online survey (N = 373) indicated that when nostalgia is associated with an enhanced sense of self-continuity, it has a positive indirect effect on subjective wellbeing. In contrast, when not mediated by such a restorative function, nostalgia has a direct negative impact on subjective wellbeing. Both of these (positive) indirect and (negative) direct effects were moderated by social media usage, suggesting that social media use is a crucial communication-related boundary condition that reinforces or mitigates the dualistic effects of nostalgia. This study offers contributions to the literature by uncovering distinct pathways through which nostalgia carries differing implications for subjective wellbeing in times of crisis, as well as by identifying social media use as a boundary condition under which such dualistic roles of nostalgia manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichang Cho
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore
| | - Pengxiang Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Minzu University of China
| | - Anfan Chen
- School of Journalism and Communication, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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8
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Jun YJ, Choi I, Kim JH. Adaptive aspects of maximizing in times of COVID-19: coping efforts linking maximization to well-being. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1268528. [PMID: 38250098 PMCID: PMC10797124 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1268528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maximization, the tendency to make the best choices by thoroughly searching and comparing alternatives, has long been considered a negative correlate of well-being. However, recently, it was proposed that having a maximizing tendency can lead to better coping efforts in some stressful situations and thus could be more adaptive. The objective of the present research was to demonstrate positive features of maximization and identify the coping strategies that mediate the relationship between maximization and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A sample of 3,493 participants responded to an online survey from January 20 to October 11 of 2020. The 13-item Maximization Scale assessed individuals' maximizing tendency in terms of the maximization index and its three subdimensions (i.e., high standards, alternative search, and decision difficulty). The use of four coping strategies (i.e., preventive measures, cognitive appraisal, self-distraction, and social connection) during the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed. Hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being were measured. We developed a mediation model and examined both whether there was an indirect link between maximization and well-being through the coping strategies and whether there was a direct link between maximization and well-being. Results Path analysis revealed negative direct associations between maximization measures (i.e., an index and three subdimensions) and well-being. In addition, significant indirect paths were found with varying directions depending on maximization dimensions and coping strategy types. There were positive indirect associations between the maximization index and well-being via preventive measures, between high standards and well-being through preventive measures and cognitive appraisal, and between alternative search and well-being through self-distraction and social connection. Negative indirect associations were found between decision difficulty and well-being through cognitive appraisal, self-distraction, and social connection. Discussion The current study confirmed the existence of inconsistent mediation effects between maximization and well-being via coping and highlighted coping efforts as one of the positive aspects of maximization. Discussion addressed the double-edged effect of maximization on well-being and its beneficial nature in times of distress. Future studies should examine other potential situations and moderators that can delineate maximization's various characteristics with a longitudinal design and samples from diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Jun
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Choi
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Nostalgia, media, and technologies of the future. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 50:101561. [PMID: 36889050 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The relation between nostalgia and media is imbricated. Media-used in institutions, industry, or technology-can be a platform for expressing nostalgia, but they can also be the object of nostalgia. This relation makes media a complex and interesting domain to study from a psychological, historical, cultural, environmental, or social perspective on nostalgia. Moreover, nostalgia has been intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, and media texts as well as social networks have helped to heal personal and collective moments of crisis by providing resources to actively rethink the past and the future. This paper discusses the (historically) profound relations between media, technologies and nostalgia.
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10
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Green JD, Reid CA, Kneuer MA, Hedgebeth MV. The proust effect: Scents, food, and nostalgia. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 50:101562. [PMID: 36863096 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memories activated by the senses, particularly smell and taste, can be among the most potent and influential, an experience labelled the Proust Effect. Contemporary research has helped to explain the physiological, neurological, and psychological reasons underlying this phenomenon. Nostalgic memories triggered by taste and smell are especially self-relevant, arousing, and familiar. These memories have an even more positive emotional profile than nostalgic memories elicited by other means, with individuals reporting lower levels of negative or ambivalent emotions. Scent-evoked and food-evoked nostalgia also confer numerous psychological benefits, including enhanced self-esteem, feelings of social connectedness, and deeper meaning in life. Such memories might be harnessed in clinical or other settings.
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11
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Hepper EG, Dennis A. From rosy past to happy and flourishing present: Nostalgia as a resource for hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101547. [PMID: 36640677 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We review recent evidence of nostalgia's ability to enhance and buffer different types of wellbeing. Nostalgia has been associated with increased hedonic wellbeing (e.g., life satisfaction, happiness) in various contexts. Nostalgia is triggered by and can mitigate against threats to hedonic wellbeing. Nostalgia also increases eudaimonic wellbeing (e.g., perceptions of vitality, environmental mastery, positive relationships) and mitigates threats to eudaimonic wellbeing through varying mechanisms. Two applications of these wellbeing benefits are being explored in recent research: nostalgia can help understand how people buffer negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; and is being harnessed for wellbeing interventions. More experimental and longitudinal research is needed to establish and maximize the potential of nostalgia for bolstering resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica G Hepper
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Amelia Dennis
- University of Southampton, United Kingdom; University of Bath, United Kingdom
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12
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Fetterman AK, Evans ND. Remembering our first date brings back those fuzzy feelings: The role of romantic nostalgia in relationship functioning. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101524. [PMID: 36542878 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
People often reflect nostalgicallyon the momentous occasions of their relationships. Experiencing romantic nostalgia-nostalgia for shared experiences with one's current romantic partner-likely confers relationship-specific benefits. Indeed, prior research indirectly hints at this assumed outcome by looking at relationship narratives. More recent work provides direct evidence that romantic nostalgia is both positively correlated with and causally enhances relationship-specific benefits. We describe such research and discuss avenues for future investigations that address mechanisms and potential downsides of romantic nostalgia while exploring translational possibilities.
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13
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Yang Z, Izuma K, Cai H. Nostalgia in the brain. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101523. [PMID: 36538871 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nostalgia, a complex emotion that arises from one's yearnful memories, involves multiple psychological processes. Cognitive neuroscience research has shed light on the neural mechanism of nostalgia as well as its adaptive functions. Nostalgia involves brain regions implicated in self-reflection, autobiographical memory, emotion regulation and reward processing. Also, nostalgia buffers various psychological and physical threats by modulating activities in brain regions implicated in emotion regulatory processing (i.e., both top-down emotion regulation and bottom-up sensory and attention processing) and reward processing. These findings deepen understanding of nostalgia and have implications for its application in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keise Izuma
- School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 780-8515, Japan; Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 780-8515, Japan
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Weingarten E, Wei Z. Nostalgia and consumer behavior. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101555. [PMID: 36709745 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The present review examines how and when nostalgia, a social emotion with a rich history in marketing, affects consumption-relevant outcomes. It comments that in recent years, nostalgia's role within consumer behavior, including advertising, consumption, and product choice operates through feelings of social connectedness, and thus research must consider boundary conditions based on social parameters. Moreover, it discusses the role of nostalgia in buffering the self from threats, how these threats may elicit nostalgia, and the impact on downstream consumption. It finally examines whether nostalgia always does or does not have a positive impact on consumption-relevant outcomes. Across these areas, the review suggests potential future research directions on potential discrepancies that operate through social boundary conditions.
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15
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van Tilburg WAP. Locating nostalgia among the emotions: A bridge from loss to love. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101543. [PMID: 36608388 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An effective way of identifying the psychological role of an emotion is by probing its position relative to other emotions, such as in terms of appraisals, occurrence, lay conceptualization, and consequences. A set of recent studies offer such comparisons for nostalgia against a backdrop of many other emotions. These studies depict nostalgia as an approach-oriented emotion that resembles positive emotions more closely than negative ones, and place nostalgia especially close to positive social emotions. A complementary new analysis of the correlations between nostalgia and 31 other emotions furthermore locates nostalgia between experiences related to loss and love. Altogether, recent work on nostalgia among the emotions portrays it as a psychological bridge from loss toward love.
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Wang JF. Nostalgia in Tourism. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101552. [PMID: 36669250 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tourism research has recognized nostalgia as an intrinsic motive, an emotion that tourists may experience at or after visiting a destination, and an effective appeal to market destinations. This article reviews the multifaceted roles of nostalgia in four domains: heritage tourism, sport tourism, film tourism, and contemporary tourism. The former three tourism domains have distinctive attractions that inspire nostalgia, suiting for corresponding scales for nostalgia as a motive. Moreover, nostalgia contributes to sustainable tourism and can be applied in virtual reality. Furthermore, research has uncovered nostalgia's restorative function and provided evidence of its mediating effects on the linkage between COVID-19 reactions (perceived severity, travel constraints, and the need to belong) on behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Feng Wang
- Marketing Department, Bentley University, Waltham, MA 02452, United States.
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Cho H. Nostalgia in sport and leisure. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101551. [PMID: 36702009 PMCID: PMC9870724 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 crisis continues, society has re-engaged with nostalgia, especially in relation to sport and leisure. This review outlines the descriptive and analytical contours of the phenomenon and potentially useful explanatory paradigms. In doing so, this review first provides an overview of the recent studies on nostalgia in sport and leisure, especially within the context of COVID-19. Then, the review summarizes the four functions of nostalgia in sport and leisure, which include acting as a marketing tool, inducing positive behavior, serving as a buffer, and enhancing positive psychology. The review also discussed future research directions on nostalgia in sport and leisure contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heetae Cho
- Department of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Abeyta AA, Pillarisetty S. Nostalgia supports a meaningful life. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101520. [PMID: 36549093 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We review research on the role of nostalgia in supporting the ability to find, maintain, and restore meaning in life. We consider evidence that nostalgia promotes aintaining and restoring meaning by protecting against meaning threats, repairing meaning in the face of challenges, and generally compensating for lack of meaning. We also review evidence that nostalgia'' potency to support meaning has positive implications for advancing psychological well-being and adaptive human functioning. Finally, we propose future research important for establishing the applicability of nostalgia as a strategy or intervention to facilitate meaning-making and support psychological health.
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Juhl J, Biskas M. Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101545. [PMID: 36641833 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nostalgia (a sentimental longing for one's past) is a highly social emotion. We provide an evidence-based argument that nostalgia's sociality is one of its most defining and impactful characteristics. First, we review evidence that has established the highly social content of nostalgic reflection. Second, we summarize research that has demonstrated nostalgia's capacity to provide a sense of connectedness with others, and that this social connectedness, in turn, conveys intrapersonal psychological benefits (i.e., meaning in life, self-continuity, optimism, inspiration). Third, we outline research that has documented the interpersonal consequences of nostalgia (e.g., greater physical closeness, strengthened relational goals, increased help seeking, intensified empathy, elevated prosocial behavior). Finally, we call for applied research to investigate how the social character of nostalgia can be harnessed to improve people's social lives.
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20
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Naidu E, Gabriel S, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. Reliving the Good Old Days: Nostalgia Increases Psychological Wellbeing Through Collective Effervescence. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221149813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one’s past, is associated with, or confers, psychological wellbeing (PWB). We identified a mechanism for this link: collective effervescence, a potent sense of connection to those present in an assembly and a sensation of transcendence (i.e., feeling that an experience is special or sacred). In six studies, involving measurement-of-mediation and experimental-causal-chain designs, nostalgia was associated with, and led to, higher PWB via collective effervescence. In Study 1, nostalgia was related to PWB through collective effervescence at the dispositional level. In Study 2, induced collective effervescence increased PWB. In Studies 3a–3c, induced nostalgia led to greater PWB due to collective effervescence. In Study 4, induced nostalgia increased PWB due to collective effervescence even when controlling for authenticity, an alternate mediator.
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Huang KJ, Chang YH, Landau MJ. Pandemic Nostalgia: Reduced Social Contact Predicts Consumption of Nostalgic Music During the COVID-19 Pandemic. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221149463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Some scholars observed a “nostalgia bump” during the COVID-19 pandemic, where people compensated for social isolation by engaging with products and experiences evoking nostalgia. To further explore this effect and its underlying mechanism, the authors tested the hypothesis that reduced social contact during lockdown conditions would lead people to feel lonely and bored and, in turn, increase their consumption of nostalgic music. Study 1 ( Nsong = 213,464) established the temporal relationships between social contact and nostalgia by analyzing mobility data and daily listening patterns of top songs on the music platform Spotify from 2019 to 2021. Study 2 ( N = 525) was a retrospective survey of individual experiences during the lockdown period. Results showed that reduced social contact had an indirect positive effect on consumption of nostalgic songs through loneliness, but not boredom. These findings shed light on the use of nostalgia as a coping strategy during times of isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya-Hui Chang
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
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22
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Zhou S. The effect of COVID-19 risk perception on pro-environmental behavior of Chinese consumers: Perspectives from affective event theory. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1093999. [PMID: 36687983 PMCID: PMC9845731 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1093999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has altered human cognition and changed the cultural values of society. However, there has not been much debate among scholars about whether these above changes have led to an increase in pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of Chinese consumers. Methods A comprehensive model was developed based on affective event theory. An online questionnaire was distributed, and 501 usable questionnaires were collected. In addition, two complementary approaches were employed: partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). Results The PLS-SEM results showed that COVID-19 risk perception, nostalgia, the awe of nature, and attitude were found to have a positive effect on PEB; and the moderating effect of power distance belief (PD) between nostalgia (NO), attitude (AT) and PEB was confirmed. According to the NCA results, AT and NO are necessary conditions for the PEB of consumers. Discussion This study provides deeper insight into the understanding of consumers' pro-environmental behavior in the context of COVID-19 through the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- School of Economics and Management, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Zou X, Sedikides C, Wildschut T. What Good is Organizational Nostalgia in the Time of Pandemic? Unpacking a Pathway from COVID-Related Stress to Authenticity at Work. SELF AND IDENTITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2154258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zou
- Leadership, Management and Organization, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Wildschut T, Sedikides C. Water From the Lake of Memory: The Regulatory Model of Nostalgia. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09637214221121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We organize the literature on triggers and functions of nostalgia by advancing a regulatory model in which the emotion serves as a homeostatic corrective (i.e., a process that establishes and maintains a relatively stable psychological equilibrium) that countervails the negative effects of psychological perturbations and adverse environmental conditions. We illustrate complementary approaches to testing this model as it applies to transient, or state-level, nostalgia and show how the model can be generalized to different levels of analysis, including chronic, or trait-level, nostalgia and collective nostalgia. We then formulate a proposal for future research inspired by recent developments in causal mediation analysis and conclude with a discussion of the model’s potential boundary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wildschut
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton
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25
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Abstract
In three studies, we examined food as an elicitor of nostalgia. Study 1 participants visualised eating either a nostalgic or regularly consumed food. Study 2 participants visualised consuming 12 foods. Study 3 participants consumed 12 flavour samples. Following their food experiences, all participants responded to questions regarding the profile of food-evoked nostalgia (i.e. autobiographical relevance, arousal, familiarity, positive and negative emotions) and several psychological functions (i.e. positive affect, self-esteem, social connectedness, meaning in life). Study 2 and 3 participants also reported their state nostalgia. Results revealed that food is a powerful elicitor of nostalgia. Food-evoked nostalgia has a similar contextual profile to previously examined elicitors, but is a predominantly positive emotional experience. Food-evoked nostalgia served multiple psychological functions and predicted greater state nostalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Reid
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Green
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sophie Buchmaier
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Devin K. McSween
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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26
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Nostalgia confers psychological wellbeing by increasing authenticity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou S, Wang Y. How negative anthropomorphic message framing and nostalgia enhance pro-environmental behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: An SEM-NCA approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:977381. [PMID: 36072047 PMCID: PMC9441880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensive research has been conducted on promoting pro-environmental behaviors among consumers, little is known about whether and how negative anthropomorphic message framing (NAMF) and nostalgia affect pro-environmental behavior. To provide a framework for explaining pro-environmental behavior, this study integrates protection motivation theory, the stimulus-organism-response model, and message framing. To create the model of the influences on pro-environmental behavior, NAMF was employed as the external stimulus; the sense of environmental responsibility, environmental empathy, perceived threat, and perceived vulnerability as the psychological and cognitive response factors; pro-environmental behavior as the final decision of consumers; and nostalgia as the moderating variable. An online questionnaire was distributed and 380 usable questionnaires were collected using convenience sampling and analyzed using two complementary approaches: partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). PLS-SEM results showed that pro-environmental behavior was significantly affected by NAMF (β = 0.313, t-value = 5.583), environmental responsibility (β = 0.207, t-value = 3.994), and perceived threats (β = 0.252, t-value = 4.889). Meanwhile, an increase in nostalgia increased the effect of NAMF and environmental responsibility on pro-environmental behavior. The NCA results revealed that NAMF (d = 0.108, p < 0.001) and perceived threat (d = 0.209, p < 0.001) were key factors of pro-environmental behavior. In addition, for high level of pro-environmental behavior (>80%), NAMF (12.1%) and perceived threat (39.6%) are required. Finally, we offer several suggestions based on the results of our empirical research. For example, marketing and service offerings should be tailored to the needs of masses with different nostalgic tendencies to enhance their pro-environmental behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- School of Economics and Management, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- Asia Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shuai Zhou
| | - Yibo Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
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28
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Faul L, De Brigard F. The moderating effects of nostalgia on mood and optimism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Memory 2022; 30:1103-1117. [PMID: 35642595 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2082481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The initial waves of the coronavirus pandemic amplified feelings of depression, psychological fatigue and pessimism for the future. Past research suggests that nostalgia helps to repair negative moods by boosting current and future-oriented positive affect, thereby strengthening psychological resilience. Accordingly, the present study investigated whether nostalgia moderated the relationship between pandemic experience and individual differences in mood and optimism. Across two studies we assessed psychosocial self-report data from a total of 293 online participants (22-72 years old; mean age 38; 109 females, 184 males) during the first two waves of the pandemic. Participants completed comprehensive questionnaires that probed state and trait characteristics related to mood and memory, such as the Profile of Mood States, Nostalgia Inventory and State Optimism Measure. Our findings indicate that during the initial wave of coronavirus cases, higher levels of nostalgia buffered against deteriorating mood states associated with concern over the pandemic. Nostalgia also boosted optimism for participants experiencing negative mood, and optimism predicted subjective mood improvement one week later. This shielding effect of nostalgia on optimism was replicated during the second wave of coronavirus cases. The present findings support the role of nostalgia in promoting emotional homeostasis and resilience during periods of psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Faul
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Felipe De Brigard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, has been garnering keen empirical attention in the psychological literature over the last two decades. After providing a historical overview, we place the emotion in cross-cultural context. Laypeople in many cultures conceptualize nostalgia similarly: as a past-oriented, social, self-relevant, and bittersweet emotion, but more sweet (positively toned) than bitter (negatively toned). That is, the nostalgizer reflects on a fond and personally important event—often their childhood or valued relationships—relives the event through rose-colored glasses, yearns for that time or relationship, and may even wish to return briefly to the past. Also, triggers of nostalgia (e.g., adverts, food, cold temperatures, loneliness) are similar across cultures. Moreover, across cultures nostalgia serves three key functions: it elevates social connectedness (a sense of belongingness or acceptance), meaning in life (a sense that one's life is significant, purposeful, and coherent), and self-continuity (a sense of connection between one's past and present self). Further, nostalgia acts as a buffer against discomforting psychological states (e.g., loneliness) similarly in varied cultural contexts. For example, (1) loneliness is positively related to, or intensifies, nostalgia; (2) loneliness is related to, or intensifies, adverse outcomes such as unhappiness or perceived lack of social support; and (3) nostalgia suppresses the relation between loneliness and adverse outcomes. Additionally, nostalgia facilitates one's acculturation to a host culture. Specifically, (1) nostalgia (vs. control) elicits a positive acculturation orientation toward a host culture; (2) nostalgia (vs. control) amplifies bicultural identity integration; and (3) positive acculturation orientation mediates the effect of host-culture nostalgia on bicultural identity integration. We conclude by identifying lacunae in the literature and calling for follow-up research.
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Fleury J, Sedikides C, Wildschut T, Coon DW, Komnenich P. Feeling Safe and Nostalgia in Healthy Aging. Front Psychol 2022; 13:843051. [PMID: 35444598 PMCID: PMC9015039 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.843051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of older adults worldwide is growing, with an urgent need for approaches that develop and maintain intrinsic capacity consistent with healthy aging. Theory and empirical research converge on feeling safe as central to healthy aging. However, there has been limited attention to resources that cultivate feeling safe to support healthy aging. Nostalgia, "a sentimental longing for one's past," is established as a source of comfort in response to social threat, existential threat, and self-threat. Drawing from extant theory and research, we build on these findings to position nostalgia as a regulatory resource that cultivates feeling safe and contributes to intrinsic capacity to support healthy aging. Using a narrative review method, we: (a) characterize feeling safe as a distinct affective dimension, (b) summarize the character of nostalgia in alignment with feeling safe, (c) propose a theoretical account of the mechanisms through which nostalgia cultivates feeling safe, (d) highlight the contribution of nostalgia to feeling safe and emotional, physiological, and behavioral regulatory capabilities in healthy aging, and (e) offer conclusions and direction for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Fleury
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Coon
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Pauline Komnenich
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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31
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Wildschut T, Sedikides C. Benefits of nostalgia in vulnerable populations. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2036005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wildschut
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, U.K.
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