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Thamm JR, Jounaidi Y, Mueller ML, Rosen V, Troulis MJ, Guastaldi FPS. Temporomandibular Joint Fibrocartilage Contains CD105 Positive Mouse Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells with Increased Chondrogenic Potential. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023; 22:559-570. [PMID: 37534349 PMCID: PMC10390456 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-022-01721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A specific type of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs), CD105+ is reported to aid in cartilage regeneration through TGF-β/Smad2-signalling. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize CD105+ MSPCs in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage. Materials and Methods MSPCs were isolated from mouse TMJ condyle explants and evaluated for their clonogenicity and pluripotential abilities. MSPC were examined for CD105 antigen using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed presence of CD105+ MSPCs in the proliferative zone of condyle's cartilage. Only 0.2% of isolated MSPCs exhibited CD105, along with the stem cell surface markers CD44 and Sca-1. In CD105+ MSPCs, intracellular immunostaining revealed significantly higher (p < 0.05) protein levels of collagen type 1, 2, proteoglycan 4. Ability for chondrogenic differentiation was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) after 4 weeks compared to CD105- cells, using alcian blue staining. CD105+ cells were found to resemble an early MSPC subgroup with significantly higher gene expression of biglycan, proteoglycan 4, collagen type 2, Gli2, Sox5 (p < 0.001) and Sox9 (p < 0.05). In contrast, significantly lower levels of Runx2 (p < 0.05), Osterix, Trps1, Col10a1 (p < 0.01), Ihh (p < 0.001) related to chondrocyte senescence and commitment to osteogenic lineage, were observed compared to CD105- cells. Conclusion The study showed the existence of a CD105+ MSPC subgroup within TMJ fibrocartilage that may be activated to aid in fibrocartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis R. Thamm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Youssef Jounaidi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Max-Laurin Mueller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maria J. Troulis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Walter C. Guralnick Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Fernando Pozzi Semeghini Guastaldi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Skeletal Biology Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 50 Blossom St, Thier 513A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Camassari JR, de Sousa ITC, Müller KC, Puppin-Rontani RM. The Self Assembling peptide P 11-4 influences viability and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). J Dent 2023; 134:104551. [PMID: 37201776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the effect of P11-4 self-assembly peptide on cell viability and osteogenic capacity of SCAPs through mineral deposition and gene expression of osteogenic markers. . METHODS SCAPs were seeded in contact with P11-4 (10 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml and 1 mg/ml) solution. Cell viability was evaluated using a colorimetric assay MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) in an experimental time of 24, 48 and 72 h (n=7). Mineral deposition and quantification provided by the cells was tested using the Alizarin Red staining and Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC), respectively, after 30 days (n=4). Gene expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Osteocalcin (OCN) was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), at 3 and 7 days with Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the housekeeping gene, and relative gene expression was measured using the ΔΔCq method. Data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis followed by multiple comparisons, and T-test for gene expression with α=0.05. RESULTS All tested concentrations (10 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml and 1 mg/ml) were not cytotoxic at time 24 and 48 h. After 72 h, a slight decrease in cell viability was observed for the lowest concentration (10 µg/ml). The concentration of 100 µg/ml P11-4 showed the highest mineral deposition. However, qPCR analysis of P11-4 (10 µg/ml) showed upregulation of RUNX2 and OCN at 3 days, with downregulation of ALP at 3 and 7d. CONCLUSION P11-4 did not affect cell viability, induced mineral deposition in SCAPs, and upregulated the expression of RUNX2 and OCN genes at 3 days, while downregulating ALP expression at 3 and 7 days. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on the results obtained in this study it can be stated that self-assembling peptide P11-4 is a potential candidate to induce mineralization on dental stem cells for regenerative purposes and also for a clinical use as a capping agent without compromising the cells health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodrigues Camassari
- PhD Student at Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901. CEP 13.414-018, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iago Torres Cortês de Sousa
- PhD Student at Department of Biosciences, Physiological Sciences Division, University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901. CEP 13.414-018, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Cogo Müller
- Full Professor of Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics Division, University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901. CEP 13.414-018, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Full Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, University State of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901. CEP 13.414-018, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Li W, Xu F, Dai F, Deng T, Ai Y, Xu Z, He C, Ai F, Song L. Hydrophilic surface-modified 3D printed flexible scaffolds with high ceramic particle concentrations for immunopolarization-regulation and bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3976-3997. [PMID: 37115001 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioceramic scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering suffer from a low concentration of ceramic particles (<50 wt%), because the high concentration of ceramic particles increases the brittleness of the composite. 3D printed flexible PCL/HA scaffolds with high ceramic particle concentrations (84 wt%) were successfully fabricated in this study. However, the hydrophobicity of PCL weakens the composite scaffold hydrophilicity, which may limit the osteogenic ability to some extent. Thus, as a less time-consuming, less labour intensive, and more cost-effective treatment method, alkali treatment (AT) was employed to modify the surface hydrophilicity of the PCL/HA scaffold, and its regulation of immune responses and bone regeneration were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Initially, several concentrations of NaOH (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 5 mol L-1) were employed in tests to determine the appropriate concentration for AT. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the results of mechanical experiments and hydrophilicity, 2 mol L-1 and 2.5 mol L-1 of NaOH were selected for further investigation in this study. The PCL/HA-AT-2 scaffold dramatically reduced foreign body reactions as compared to the PCL/HA and PCL/HA-AT-2.5 scaffolds, promoted macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype and enhanced new bone formation. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway might participate in the signal transduction underlying hydrophilic surface-modified 3D printed scaffold-regulated osteogenesis, according to the results of immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, hydrophilic surface-modified 3D printed flexible scaffolds with high ceramic particle concentrations can regulate the immune reactions and macrophage polarization to promote bone regeneration, and the PCL/HA-AT-2 scaffold is a potential candidate for bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- The Center of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Institute of Periodontal Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Periodontology (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Fancheng Xu
- The Center of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Institute of Periodontal Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Periodontology (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Dai
- The Center of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Institute of Periodontal Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Periodontology (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Tian Deng
- The Center of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Institute of Periodontal Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Periodontology (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Yufeng Ai
- The Center of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Institute of Periodontal Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Periodontology (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenjiang He
- The Center of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Institute of Periodontal Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Periodontology (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Fanrong Ai
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Periodontology (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Li Song
- The Center of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Institute of Periodontal Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Periodontology (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
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Luchman NA, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Zainal Ariffin SH, Nasruddin NS, Lau SF, Yazid F. Comparison between hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone in inducing osteogenic differentiation and augmenting maxillary bone regeneration in rats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13356. [PMID: 35529494 PMCID: PMC9070322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The selection of appropriate scaffold plays an important role in ensuring the success of bone regeneration. The use of scaffolds with different materials and their effect on the osteogenic performance of cells is not well studied and this can affect the selection of suitable scaffolds for transplantation. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the comparative ability of two different synthetic scaffolds, mainly hydroxyapatite (HA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in promoting in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration. Method In vitro cell viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 cells on HA and PCL scaffolds were determined in comparison to the accepted model outlined for two-dimensional systems. An in vivo study involving the transplantation of MC3T3-E1 cells with scaffolds into an artificial bone defect of 4 mm length and 1.5 mm depth in the rat's left maxilla was conducted. Three-dimensional analysis using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and immunohistochemistry analyses evaluation were performed after six weeks of transplantation. Results MC3T3-E1 cells on the HA scaffold showed the highest cell viability. The cell viability on both scaffolds decreased after 14 days of culture, which reflects the dominant occurrence of osteoblast differentiation. An early sign of osteoblast differentiation can be detected on the PCL scaffold. However, cells on the HA scaffold showed more prominent results with intense mineralized nodules and significantly (p < 0.05) high levels of ALP activity with prolonged osteoblast induction. Micro-CT and H&E analyses confirmed the in vitro results with bone formation were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in HA scaffold and was supported by IHC analysis which confirmed stronger expression of osteogenic markers ALP and osteocalcin. Conclusion Different scaffold materials of HA and PCL might have influenced the bone regeneration ability of MC3T3-E1. Regardless, in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration was better in the HA scaffold which indicates its great potential for application in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atmaliya Luchman
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostic and Bioscience, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seng Fong Lau
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farinawati Yazid
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vu HT, Han MR, Lee JH, Kim JS, Shin JS, Yoon JY, Park JH, Dashnyam K, Knowles JC, Lee HH, Kim JB, Lee JH. Investigating the Effects of Conditioned Media from Stem Cells of Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth on Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040906. [PMID: 35453661 PMCID: PMC9027398 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulp regeneration has recently attracted interest in modern dentistry. However, the success ratio of pulp regeneration is low due to the compromising potential of stem cells, such as their survival, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have been considered a promising tool for regenerative therapy due to their ability to secrete multiple factors that are essential for tissue regeneration, which is achieved by minimally invasive procedures with fewer ethical or legal concerns than those of other procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the potency of SHED-derived conditioned media (SHED CM) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), a major type of mesenchymal stem cells for dental pulp regeneration. Our results show the promotive efficiency of SHED CM on the proliferation, survival rate, and migration of DPSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Upregulation of odontoblast/osteogenic-related marker genes, such as ALP, DSPP, DMP1, OCN, and RUNX2, and enhanced mineral deposition of impaired DPSCs are also observed in the presence of SHED CM. The analysis of SHED CM found that a variety of cytokines and growth factors have positive effects on cell proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, and odontoblast/osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggest that SHED CM could provide some benefits to DPSCs in pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thu Vu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.T.V.); (M.-R.H.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-S.K.); (J.-S.S.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.P.); (K.D.); (J.C.K.); (H.-H.L.)
| | - Mi-Ran Han
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.T.V.); (M.-R.H.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-S.K.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Jun-Haeng Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.T.V.); (M.-R.H.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-S.K.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Jong-Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.T.V.); (M.-R.H.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-S.K.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.T.V.); (M.-R.H.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-S.K.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Ji-Young Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.P.); (K.D.); (J.C.K.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.P.); (K.D.); (J.C.K.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.P.); (K.D.); (J.C.K.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.P.); (K.D.); (J.C.K.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Centre, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Cell & Matter Institue, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.P.); (K.D.); (J.C.K.); (H.-H.L.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jong-Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.T.V.); (M.-R.H.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-S.K.); (J.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3081 (J.-B.K. & J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-41-559-7839 (J.-B.K. & J.-H.L.)
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.P.); (K.D.); (J.C.K.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Centre, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian Pharmaceutical University & Monos Group, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
- Correspondence: (J.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3081 (J.-B.K. & J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-41-559-7839 (J.-B.K. & J.-H.L.)
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Shao R, Dong Y, Zhang S, Wu X, Huang X, Sun B, Zeng B, Xu F, Liang W. State of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells: Current state and future directions. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100074. [PMID: 35073451 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics Zhuji People's Hospital Shaoxing Zhejiang Province 312500 P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics Xinchang People's Hospital Shaoxing Zhejiang Province 312500 P. R. China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine Shaoxing University Shaoxing Zhejiang Province 312000 P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
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Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells of Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate/1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Combination. J Endod 2022; 48:516-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mueller ML, Ottensmeyer MP, Thamm JR, Schmelzeisen R, Troulis MJ, Guastaldi FPS. Increased Osteogenic Activity of Dynamic Cultured Composite Bone Scaffolds: Characterization and In Vitro Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 80:303-312. [PMID: 34822754 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, with 2 different ratios (50/50% and 65/35%), using 3-dimensionally (3D) printed dissolvable molds, and to evaluate cellular growth and osteogenic differentiation of both groups seeded with porcine bone marrow stem cells (pBMSCs) under dynamic culture in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different groups of scaffolds were produced: group 1 (n = 40) with a ratio (wt%) of 50/50% and group 2 (n = 40) with 65/35% of β-TCP/PCL. Physicochemical, morphological, and mechanical characterization of the scaffolds were performed. Scaffolds were seeded with pBMSCs and differentiated osteogenically in dynamic culture. Cell density, distribution, and viability were assessed. Osteogenic differentiation was examined through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, immunofluorescence, and photospectrometry. RESULTS Osteogenic differentiated constructs showed homogenous and viable cell distribution. Cell density was significantly higher (P < .05) for 65/35% scaffolds at 10 days postseeding, whereas at 6 weeks, cell number equalized for both groups. ALP activity increased over time and was significantly higher (P < .05) for 65/35% scaffolds at 14 days postseeding. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of the developed 65/35% scaffolds were within the range of natural trabecular bone. Moreover, the 65/35% scaffolds showed biological advantages, such as higher cell growth and higher ALP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max-Laurin Mueller
- Research Fellow, Skeletal Biology Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mark P Ottensmeyer
- Senior Engineer, Medical Device & Simulation Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Janis R Thamm
- Research Fellow, Skeletal Biology Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rainer Schmelzeisen
- Medical Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Troulis
- Walter C. Guralnick Distinguished Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Fernando P S Guastaldi
- Instructor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Director, Skeletal Biology Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
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Buyuksungur S, Hasirci V, Hasirci N. 3D printed hybrid bone constructs of PCL and dental pulp stem cells loaded GelMA. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2425-2437. [PMID: 34033241 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of scaffolds using polymers and then cell seeding is a routine protocol of tissue engineering applications. Synthetic polymers have adequate mechanical properties to substitute for some bone tissue, but they are generally hydrophobic and have no specific cell recognition sites, which leads to poor cell affinity and adhesion. Some natural polymers, have high cell affinity but are mechanically weak and do not have the strength required as a bone supporting material. In the present study, 3D printed hybrid scaffolds were fabricated using PCL and GelMA carrying dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which is printed in the gaps between the PCL struts. This cell loaded GelMA was shown to support osteoinductivity, while the PCL provided mechanical strength needed to mimic the bone tissue. 3D printed PCL/GelMA and GelMA scaffolds were highly stable during 21 days of incubation in PBS. The compressive moduli of the hybrid scaffolds were in the range of the compressive moduli of trabecular bone. DPSCs were homogeneously distributed throughout the entire hydrogel component and exhibited high cell viability in both scaffolds during 21 days of incubation. Upon osteogenic differentiation DPSCs expressed two key matrix proteins, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Alizarin red staining showed mineralized nodules, which demonstrates osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs within GelMA. This construct yielded a very high cell viability, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization comparable to cell culture without compromising mechanical strength suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. Thus, 3D printed, cell loaded PCL/GelMA hybrid scaffolds have a great potential for use in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Buyuksungur
- BIOMATEN Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, Turkey.,ACU Biomaterials Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Hasirci
- BIOMATEN Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, Turkey
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Hagar MN, Yazid F, Luchman NA, Ariffin SHZ, Wahab RMA. Comparative evaluation of osteogenic differentiation potential of stem cells derived from dental pulp and exfoliated deciduous teeth cultured over granular hydroxyapatite based scaffold. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:263. [PMID: 33992115 PMCID: PMC8126170 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the dental pulp of primary and permanent teeth can be differentiated into different cell types including osteoblasts. This study was conducted to compare the morphology and osteogenic potential of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) in granular hydroxyapatite scaffold (gHA). Preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were used as a control group. METHODOLOGY The expression of stemness markers for DPSC and SHED was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Alkaline phosphatase assay was used to compare the osteoblastic differentiation of these cells (2D culture). Then, cells were seeded on the scaffold and incubated for 21 days. Morphology assessment using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was done while osteogenic differentiation was detected using ALP assay (3D culture). RESULTS The morphology of cells was mononucleated, fibroblast-like shaped cells with extended cytoplasmic projection. In RT-PCR study, DPSC and SHED expressed GAPDH, CD73, CD105, and CD146 while negatively expressed CD11b, CD34 and CD45. FESEM results showed that by day 21, dental stem cells have a round like morphology which is the morphology of osteoblast as compared to day 7. The osteogenic potential using ALP assay was significantly increased (p < 0.01) in SHED as compared to DPSC and MC3T3-E1 in 2D and 3D cultures. CONCLUSION gHA scaffold is an optimal scaffold as it induced osteogenesis in vitro. Besides, SHED had the highest osteogenic potential making them a preferred candidate for tissue engineering in comparison with DPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Nabil Hagar
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farinawati Yazid
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Atmaliya Luchman
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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11
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Gaus S, Li H, Li S, Wang Q, Kottek T, Hahnel S, Liu X, Deng Y, Ziebolz D, Haak R, Schmalz G, Liu L, Savkovic V, Lethaus B. Shared Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms between the Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Bone Marrow Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6697810. [PMID: 33628811 PMCID: PMC7884974 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6697810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the shared genetic and epigenetic mechanisms between the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The profiling datasets of miRNA expression in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from the dental pulp (DPSC) and bone marrow (BMSC) were searched in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differential expression analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) dysregulated in DPSC and BMSC osteodifferentiation. The target genes of the DEmiRNAs that were dysregulated in DPSC and BMSC osteodifferentiation were identified, followed by the identification of the signaling pathways and biological processes (BPs) of these target genes. Accordingly, the DEmiRNA-transcription factor (TFs) network and the DEmiRNAs-small molecular drug network involved in the DPSC and BMSC osteodifferentiation were constructed. RESULTS 16 dysregulated DEmiRNAs were found to be overlapped in the DPSC and BMSC osteodifferentiation, including 8 DEmiRNAs with a common expression pattern (8 upregulated DEmiRNAs (miR-101-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-3p/5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-34c-5p, miR-3607-3p, miR-378e, miR-671-3p, and miR-671-5p) and 1 downregulated DEmiRNA (miR-671-3p/5p)), as well as 8 DEmiRNAs with a different expression pattern (i.e., miR-1273g-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-337-3p, miR-382-3p, miR-4508, miR-4516, and miR-6087). Several signaling pathways (TNF, mTOR, Hippo, neutrophin, and pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells), transcription factors (RUNX1, FOXA1, HIF1A, and MYC), and small molecule drugs (curcumin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), vitamin D3, arsenic trioxide, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and naringin) were identified as common regulators of both the DPSC and BMSC osteodifferentiation. CONCLUSION Common genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the osteodifferentiation of DPSCs and BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Hanluo Li
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Simin Li
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Taian Central Hospital, Longtan Road No. 29, Taian, 271000 Shandong Province, China
| | - Tina Kottek
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Xiangqiong Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, 218 Anwaixiaoguanbeili Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yupei Deng
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, 218 Anwaixiaoguanbeili Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 100191 Shandong Province, China
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Park S, Kim JE, Han J, Jeong S, Lim JW, Lee MC, Son H, Kim HB, Choung YH, Seonwoo H, Chung JH, Jang KJ. 3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:257. [PMID: 33466736 PMCID: PMC7830212 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D-printed bioactive ceramic incorporated Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds show great promise as synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, 3D-printed scaffolds still lack adequate surface properties for cells to be attached to them. In this study, we modified the surface characteristics of 3D-printed poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite scaffolds using O2 plasma and sodium hydroxide. The surface property of the alkaline hydrolyzed and O2 plasma-treated PCL/HA scaffolds were evaluated using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM), Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and water contact angle analysis, respectively. The in vitro behavior of the scaffolds was investigated using human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs). Cell proliferation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was evaluated via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was further investigated using ARS staining and Western blot analysis. The result of this study shows that alkaline treatment is beneficial for exposing hydroxyapatite particles embedded in the scaffolds compared to O2 plasma treatment, which promotes cell proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbae Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinsub Han
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
- BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Jeong
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Jae Woon Lim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Hyunmok Son
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Industrial Machinery Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
- BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Je Jang
- Division of Agro-System Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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13
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Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Vitamin D3 and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:4527. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a hormone involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and immune response. Almost all dental tissues contain resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are largely similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this narrative review, we summarized the current findings concerning the physiological effects of vitamin D3 on dental MSCs. The existing literature suggests that dental MSCs possess the ability to convert vitamin D3 into 25(OH)D3 and subsequently to the biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulate osteogenic differentiation and diminish the inflammatory response of dental MSCs. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in different dental tissues. Thus, dental MSCs are both producers and targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 and might regulate the local vitamin D3-dependent processes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The local vitamin D3 metabolism is assumed to play an essential role in the local physiological processes, but the mechanisms of its regulation in dental MSCs are mostly unknown. The alteration of the local vitamin D3 metabolism may unravel novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of periodontitis as well as new strategies for dental tissue regeneration.
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14
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Sahai S, Wilkerson M, Xue H, Moreno N, Carrillo L, Flores R, Greives MR, Olson SD, Cox CS, Triolo F. Wharton's Jelly for Augmented Cleft Palate Repair in a Rat Critical-Size Alveolar Bone Defect Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:591-601. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suchit Sahai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Marysuna Wilkerson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hasen Xue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicolas Moreno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Louis Carrillo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Rene Flores
- Academic and Research Affairs, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew R. Greives
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott D. Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles S. Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Fabio Triolo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth—The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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15
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Youssef AR, Emara R, Taher MM, Al-Allaf FA, Almalki M, Almasri MA, Siddiqui SS. Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide, biodentine and Emdogain on osteogenesis, Odontogenesis, angiogenesis and cell viability of dental pulp stem cells. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:133. [PMID: 31266498 PMCID: PMC6604301 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vital pulp therapy preserves and maintains the integrity and the health of dental pulp tissue that has been injured by trauma, caries or restorative procedures. The enhancement of cells viability and formation of reparative dentine and new blood vessels are vital determinants of the success of direct pulp capping. Therefore, the aims of this study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro osteogenic, odontogenic and angiogenic effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], Biodentine and Emdogain on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and examine the effects of the tested materials on cell viability. METHODS DPSCs were treated with MTA, Ca(OH)2, Biodentine or Emdogain. Untreated cells were used as control. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay on day 3. Real-Time PCR with SYBR green was used to quantify the gene expression levels of osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin), odontogenic marker (dentin sialophosphoprotein) and angiogenic factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) on day 7 and day 14. RESULTS All capping materials showed variable cytotoxicity against DPSCs (77% for Emdogain, 53% for MTA, 26% for Biodentine and 16% for Ca(OH)2 compared to control (P value < 0.0001). Osteopontin (OPN) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene expression was increased by all four materials. However, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was upregulated by all materials except Emdogain. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was upregulated by all four tested materials except Ca(OH)2. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest MTA, Biodentine and Emdogain exhibit similar attributes and may score better than Ca(OH)2. Emdogain could be a promising alternative to MTA and Biodentine in enhancing pulp repair capacity following dental pulp injury. However, further future research is required to assess the clinical outcomes and compare it with the in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman Youssef
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Ramy Emara
- Department of Restorative dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin M Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Science and Technology Unit Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Science and Technology Unit Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Almalki
- Department of Restorative dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen A Almasri
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid S Siddiqui
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Photobiomodulatory effect delivered by low-level laser on dental pulp stem cell differentiation for osteogenic lineage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41547-019-00066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Synergistic potential of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium-aluminate-chitosan scaffolds with dental pulp cells. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:663-674. [PMID: 31119382 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a porous chitosan-calcium-aluminate scaffold (CH-AlCa) in combination with a bioactive dosage of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25VD), to be used as a bioactive substrate capable to increase the odontogenic potential of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The porous CH-AlCa was developed by the incorporation of an AlCa suspension into a CH solution under vigorous agitation, followed by phase separation at low temperature. Scaffold architecture, porosity, and calcium release were evaluated. Thereafter, the synergistic potential of CH-AlCa and 1 nM 1α,25VD, selected by a dose-response assay, for HDPCs seeded onto the materials was assessed. RESULTS The CH-AlCa featured an organized and interconnected pore network, with increased porosity in comparison with that of plain chitosan scaffolds (CH). Increased odontoblastic phenotype expression on the human dental pulp cell (HDPC)/CH and HDPC/CH-AlCa constructs in the presence of 1 nM 1α,25VD was detected, since alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized matrix deposition, dentin sialophosphoprotein/dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 mRNA expression, and cell migration were overstimulated. This drug featured a synergistic effect with CH-AlCa, since the highest values of cell migration and odontoblastic markers expression were observed in this experimental condition. CONCLUSIONS The experimental CH-AlCa scaffold increases the chemotaxis and regenerative potential of HDPCs, and the addition of low-dosage 1α,25VD to this scaffold enhances the potential of these cells to express an odontoblastic phenotype. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Chitosan scaffolds enriched with calcium-aluminate in association with low dosages of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 provide a highly bioactive microenvironment for dental pulp cells prone to dentin regeneration, thus providing potential as a cell-free tissue engineering system for direct pulp capping.
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Hokmabad VR, Davaran S, Aghazadeh M, Alizadeh E, Salehi R, Ramazani A. Effect of incorporating Elaeagnus angustifolia extract in PCL-PEG-PCL nanofibers for bone tissue engineering. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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WU T, XU C, DU R, WEN Y, CHANG J, HUAN Z, ZHU Y. Effects of silicate-based composite material on the proliferation and mineralization behaviors of human dental pulp cells: An in vitro assessment. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:889-896. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian WU
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
| | - Chen XU
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Rong DU
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
| | - Yang WEN
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
| | - Jiang CHANG
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhiguang HUAN
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yaqin ZHU
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
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20
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Jiménez NT, Carlos Munévar J, González JM, Infante C, Lara SJP. In vitro response of dental pulp stem cells in 3D scaffolds: A regenerative bone material. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00775. [PMID: 30263971 PMCID: PMC6156910 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional-porous scaffolds of bone graft substitutes play a critical role in both cell targeting and transplantation strategies. These scaffolds provide surfaces that facilitate the response of stem cells related to attachment, survival, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro behavior of human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells cultured on scaffolds of polylactic/polyglycolic acid with and without hydroxyapatite. Method We performed an in vitro experimental study using dental pulp stem cells obtained from samples of premolars, molars. The cells were cultured on scaffolds with osteogenic differentiation medium. Cell proliferation, adhesion and cell differentiation to an osteoblastic linage in the biomaterial were evaluated at three different time points: 7, 15 and 30 days. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Analysis of the data was performed with the Split Plot block and MANOVA model. Results The differentiation capability of hDPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage was better in the scaffold of PLGA/HA at 7, 15 and 30 days, as indicated by the high expression of osteogenic markers RUNX2, ALP, OPN and COL-I, compared with differentiation in the PLGA scaffold. No statistically significant differences were found in cell adhesion between the two types of scaffolds. Conclusion The PLGA/HA scaffold provided better physical and chemical signals, as judged by the ability of dental pulp stem cells to adhere, proliferate and differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nury Tatiana Jiménez
- Master in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Munévar
- Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Manuel González
- Master in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Clementina Infante
- Master in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Electrospun Polyethersulfone/Poly(Vinyl) Alcohol/Platelet Rich Plasma Nanofibrous Scaffolds. ASAIO J 2018; 64:e115-e122. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Mortada I, Mortada R. Dental pulp stem cells and osteogenesis: an update. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1479-1486. [PMID: 29938380 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells constitute an attractive source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells owing to their high proliferation rate and multilineage differentiation potential. Osteogenesis is initiated by osteoblasts, which originate from mesenchymal stem cells. These cells express specific surface antigens that disappear gradually during osteodifferentiation. In parallel, the appearance of characteristic markers, including alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, osteocalcin and osteopontin characterize the osteoblastic phenotype of dental pulp stem cells. This review will shed the light on the osteogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells and explore the culture medium components, and markers associated with osteodifferentiation of these cells.
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Orti V, Collart-Dutilleul PY, Piglionico S, Pall O, Cuisinier F, Panayotov I. Pulp Regeneration Concepts for Nonvital Teeth: From Tissue Engineering to Clinical Approaches. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2018; 24:419-442. [PMID: 29724156 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Following the basis of tissue engineering (Cells-Scaffold-Bioactive molecules), regenerative endodontic has emerged as a new concept of dental treatment. Clinical procedures have been proposed by endodontic practitioners willing to promote regenerative therapy. Preserving pulp vitality was a first approach. Later procedures aimed to regenerate a vascularized pulp in necrotic root canals. However, there is still no protocol allowing an effective regeneration of necrotic pulp tissue either in immature or mature teeth. This review explores in vitro and preclinical concepts developed during the last decade, especially the potential use of stem cells, bioactive molecules, and scaffolds, and makes a comparison with the goals achieved so far in clinical practice. Regeneration of pulp-like tissue has been shown in various experimental conditions. However, the appropriate techniques are currently in a developmental stage. The ideal combination of scaffolds and growth factors to obtain a complete regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex is still unknown. The use of stem cells, especially from pulp origin, sounds promising for pulp regeneration therapy, but it has not been applied so far for clinical endodontics, in case of necrotic teeth. The gap observed between the hope raised from in vitro experiments and the reality of endodontic treatments suggests that clinical success may be achieved without external stem cell application. Therefore, procedures using the concept of cell homing, through evoked bleeding that permit to recreate a living tissue that mimics the original pulp has been proposed. Perspectives for pulp tissue engineering in the near future include a better control of clinical parameters and pragmatic approach of the experimental results (autologous stem cells from cell homing, controlled release of growth factors). In the coming years, this therapeutic strategy will probably become a clinical reality, even for mature necrotic teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Orti
- LBN, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Orsolya Pall
- LBN, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier, France
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Raspini G, Wolff J, Helminen M, Raspini G, Raspini M, Sándor GK. Dental Stem Cells Harvested from Third Molars Combined with Bioactive Glass Can Induce Signs of Bone Formation In Vitro. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2018; 9:e2. [PMID: 29707181 PMCID: PMC5913415 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2018.9102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the interaction of a bioactive glass scaffold with cells derived from dental pulp, dental follicle and periodontal ligament. Material and Methods Impacted third molars were surgically removed from three young donors. Cells from the dental pulp, follicle and periodontal ligament tissues were isolated and expanded. Different cell populations were characterised using specific CD markers. Expanded pulp, follicle and periodontal cells were then seeded onto bioactive glass scaffolds and cultured in osteogenic medium or basic medium. Cell attachment, viability, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed. Results This study revealed good biocompatibility of the specific bioactive glass configuration tested and the osteogenic induction of cells derived from dental pulp, dental follicle and periodontal ligament. Osteogenic medium seemed to increase the differentiation pattern and dental pulp stem cells showed the most positive results compared to periodontal ligament and dental follicle stem cells. Conclusions Dental pulp stem cells combined with a bioactive glass scaffold and exposed to osteogenic medium in vitro represent a promising combination for future study of hard tissue regeneration in the cranio-maxillofacial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Raspini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oulu, OuluFinland
| | - Jan Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology & 3D Innovation Lab, VU University Medical Center, AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mika Helminen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere and Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, TampereFinland
| | | | | | - George K Sándor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.,Tissue Engineering and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, OuluFinland
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Thekkeparambil Chandrabose S, Sriram S, Subramanian S, Cheng S, Ong WK, Rozen S, Kasim NHA, Sugii S. Amenable epigenetic traits of dental pulp stem cells underlie high capability of xeno-free episomal reprogramming. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29559008 PMCID: PMC5859503 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a shift towards non-viral and animal component-free methods of generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is preferred for safer clinical applications, there is still a shortage of reliable cell sources and protocols for efficient reprogramming. METHODS Here, we show a robust episomal and xeno-free reprogramming strategy for human iPS generation from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which renders good efficiency (0.19%) over a short time frame (13-18 days). RESULTS The robustness of DPSCs as starting cells for iPS induction is found due to their exceptional inherent stemness properties, developmental origin from neural crest cells, specification for tissue commitment, and differentiation capability. To investigate the epigenetic basis for the high reprogramming efficiency of DPSCs, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and found that the epigenetic signature of DPSCs associated with pluripotent, developmental, and ecto-mesenchymal genes is relatively close to that of iPS and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among these genes, it is found that overexpression of PAX9 and knockdown of HERV-FRD improved the efficiencies of iPS generation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study provides underlying epigenetic mechanisms that establish a robust platform for efficient generation of iPS cells from DPSCs, facilitating industrial and clinical use of iPS technology for therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Sriram
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Subha Subramanian
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiat Ong
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Malaysia, 79200, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Steve Rozen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Ercal P, Pekozer GG, Kose GT. Dental Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Current Overview and Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:113-127. [PMID: 29498025 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of bone that is impaired due to disease, trauma or tumor resection creates a challenge for both clinicians and researchers. Critical size bone defects are conventionally treated with autografts which are associated with risks such as donor site morbidity and limitations like donor shortage. Bone tissue engineering has become a promising area for the management of critical size bone defects by the employment of biocompatible materials and the discovery of novel stem cell sources. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated with ease from various dental tissues including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival stem cells and tooth germ derived stem cells. Outcomes of dental MSC mediated bone tissue engineering is explored in various in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies. However, there are still obscurities regarding the mechanisms underlying in MSC mediated bone regeneration and challenges in applications of dental stem cells. In this review, we summarized dental stem cell sources and their characterizations, along with currently used biomaterials for cell delivery and future perspectives for dental MSCs in the field of bone tissue engineering. Further efforts are necessary before moving to clinical trials for future applications.
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Gao C, Peng S, Feng P, Shuai C. Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells. Bone Res 2017; 5:17059. [PMID: 29285402 PMCID: PMC5738879 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues: (1) developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties; (2) constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro- and microscale; and (3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed, along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Collagenous matrix supported by a 3D-printed scaffold for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells. Dent Mater 2017; 34:209-220. [PMID: 29054688 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic characterization of hybrid scaffolds, fabricated based on combinatorial additive manufacturing technique and freeze-drying method, is presented as a new platform for osteoblastic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs). METHODS The scaffolds were consisted of a collagenous matrix embedded in a 3D-printed beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as the mineral phase. The developed construct design was intended to achieve mechanical robustness owing to 3D-printed β-TCP scaffold, and biologically active 3D cell culture matrix pertaining to the Collagen extracellular matrix. The β-TCP precursor formulations were investigated for their flow-ability at various temperatures, which optimized for fabrication of 3D printed scaffolds with interconnected porosity. The hybrid constructs were characterized by 3D laser scanning microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and compressive strength testing. RESULTS The in vitro characterization of scaffolds revealed that the hybrid β-TCP/Collagen constructs offer superior DPCs proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to the 3D-printed β-TCP scaffold over three weeks. Moreover, it was found that the incorporation of TCP into the Collagen matrix improves the ALP activity. SIGNIFICANCE The presented results converge to suggest the developed 3D-printed β-TCP/Collagen hybrid constructs as a new platform for osteoblastic differentiation of DPCs for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration.
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Huang M, Hill RG, Rawlinson SCF. Zinc bioglasses regulate mineralization in human dental pulp stem cells. Dent Mater 2017; 33:543-552. [PMID: 28366235 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A promising strategy in regenerative endodontics is the combination of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) with an appropriate biomaterial substrate. The effects of zinc and zinc containing bioactive glasses (ZnBGs) on hDPSCs have been characterized in this study. METHODS ZnBGs were designed and produced. Then the odontogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of hDPSCs upon ZnBGs treatment were investigated. RESULTS Free Zn ions (0-5ppm) enhanced proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hDPSCs. Further, ZnBGs conditioned medium (ZnBG-CM) increased the production and secretion of odontogenic markers: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1). In addition, we identified that mRNA expression of the osteogenic markers RUNX2, OCN, BSP, BMP-2, MEPE and ON was increased following treatment with ZnBG-CM. Long term treatment with ZnBG-CM increases the formation rate of mineralized nodules (similar to hydroxyapatite, Ca:P=1.6), as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Lastly, the administration of ZnBG-CM induces VEGF expression. SIGNIFICANCE These findings implicate that ZnBG would be beneficial in regenerative endodontics and could influence the way present Zn containing clinical products are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Robert G Hill
- Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Simon C F Rawlinson
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Lv T, Wu Y, Mu C, Liu G, Yan M, Xu X, Wu H, Du J, Yu J, Mu J. Insulin-like growth factor 1 promotes the proliferation and committed differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through MAPK pathways. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:116-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Vitamin D Effects on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9150819. [PMID: 27956902 PMCID: PMC5124467 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9150819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active metabolite of vitamin D (Vit D), increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, maintaining a correct balance of bone remodeling. Vit D has an anabolic effect on the skeletal system and is key in promoting osteoblastic differentiation of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) from bone marrow. MSCs can be also isolated from the immature form of the tooth, the dental bud: Dental Bud Stem Cells (DBSCs) are adult stem cells that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In this work we investigated the effect of Vit D on DBSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. Our data demonstrate that DBSCs, cultured in an opportune osteogenic medium, differentiate into osteoblast-like cells; Vit D treatment stimulates their osteoblastic features, increasing the expression of typical markers of osteoblastogenesis like RUNX2 and Collagen I (Coll I) and, in a more important way, determining a higher production of mineralized matrix nodules.
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Yun HM, Kang SK, Singh RK, Lee JH, Lee HH, Park KR, Yi JK, Lee DW, Kim HW, Kim EC. Magnetic nanofiber scaffold-induced stimulation of odontogenesis and pro-angiogenesis of human dental pulp cells through Wnt/MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1301-1311. [PMID: 27634479 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic biomaterials have recently gained great attention due to their some intriguing cell and tissue responses. However, little attention has been given to the fields of dental tissue regeneration. In this sense, we aim to investigate the effects of magnetic nanofiber scaffolds on the human dental pulp cell (HDPC) behaviors and to elucidate the underlying signaling mechanisms in the events. METHODS Magnetic nanofiber scaffolds incorporating magnetic nanoparticles at varying contents were prepared into nanofibrous matrices to cultivate cells. Cell growth by MTS assay, odontoblastic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and the mRNA expression of differentiation-related genes of HDPCs, in vitro angiogenesis by migration and capillary tube formation in endothelial cells on the conditioned medium obtained from HDPSCs in the presence or absence of scaffolds. Western blot analysis and confocal immunofluorescene were used to asses signaling pathways. RESULTS The growth of HDPCs was significantly enhanced on the magnetic scaffolds with respect to the non-magnetic counterpart. The odontogenic differentiation of cells was significantly up-regulated by the culture with magnetic scaffolds. Furthermore, the magnetic scaffolds promoted the HDPC-induced angiogenesis of endothelial cells. The expression of signaling molecules, Wnt3a, phosphorylated GSK-3β and nuclear β-catenin, was substantially stimulated by the magnetic scaffolds; in parallel, the MAPK and NF-κB were highly activated when cultured on the magnetic nanofiber scaffolds. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to demonstrate that magnetic nanofiber scaffolds stimulate HDPCs in the events of growth, odontogenic differentiation, and pro-angiogenesis, and the findings imply the novel scaffolds can be potentially useful as dentin-pulp regenerative matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth & Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra K Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth & Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Yi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Won Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth & Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Gilmore J, Burg T, Groff RE, Burg KJL. Design and optimization of a novel bio-loom to weave melt-spun absorbable polymers for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1342-1351. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordon Gilmore
- Department of Bioengineering; College of Engineering and Science; Clemson University; Clemson, SC USA
| | - Timothy Burg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Richard E. Groff
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; College of Engineering and Science, Clemson University; Clemson SC USA
| | - Karen J. L. Burg
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
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Abstract
Root canal therapy has enabled us to save numerous teeth over the years. The most desired outcome of endodontic treatment would be when diseased or nonvital pulp is replaced with healthy pulp tissue that would revitalize the teeth through regenerative endodontics. ‘A search was conducted using the Pubmed and MEDLINE databases for articles with the criteria ‘Platelet rich plasma’, ‘Platelet rich fibrin’, ‘Stem cells’, ‘Natural and artificial scaffolds’ from 1982–2015’. Tissues are organized as three-dimensional structures, and appropriate scaffolding is necessary to provide a spatially correct position of cell location and regulate differentiation, proliferation, or metabolism of the stem cells. Extracellular matrix molecules control the differentiation of stem cells, and an appropriate scaffold might selectively bind and localize cells, contain growth factors, and undergo biodegradation over time. Different scaffolds facilitate the regeneration of different tissues. To ensure a successful regenerative procedure, it is essential to have a thorough and precise knowledge about the suitable scaffold for the required tissue. This article gives a review on the different scaffolds providing an insight into the new developmental approaches on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal M Gathani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srinidhi Surya Raghavendra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Yun HM, Lee ES, Kim MJ, Kim JJ, Lee JH, Lee HH, Park KR, Yi JK, Kim HW, Kim EC. Magnetic Nanocomposite Scaffold-Induced Stimulation of Migration and Odontogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells through Integrin Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138614. [PMID: 26382272 PMCID: PMC4575126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetism is an intriguing physical cue that can alter the behaviors of a broad range of cells. Nanocomposite scaffolds that exhibit magnetic properties are thus considered useful 3D matrix for culture of cells and their fate control in repair and regeneration processes. Here we produced magnetic nanocomposite scaffolds made of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and polycaprolactone (PCL), and the effects of the scaffolds on the adhesion, growth, migration and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were investigated. Furthermore, the associated signaling pathways were examined in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms in the cellular events. The magnetic scaffolds incorporated with MNPs at varying concentrations (up to 10%wt) supported cellular adhesion and multiplication over 2 weeks, showing good viability. The cellular constructs in the nanocomposite scaffolds played significant roles in the stimulation of adhesion, migration and odontogenesis of HDPCs. Cells were shown to adhere to substantially higher number when affected by the magnetic scaffolds. Cell migration tested by in vitro wound closure model was significantly enhanced by the magnetic scaffolds. Furthermore, odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs, as assessed by the alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expressions of odontogenic markers (DMP-1, DSPP,osteocalcin, and ostepontin), and alizarin red staining, was significantly stimulated by the magnetic scaffolds. Signal transduction was analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. The magnetic scaffolds upregulated the integrin subunits (α1, α2, β1 and β3) and activated downstream pathways, such as FAK, paxillin, p38, ERK MAPK, and NF-κB. The current study reports for the first time the significant impact of magnetic scaffolds in stimulating HDPC behaviors, including cell migration and odontogenesis, implying the potential usefulness of the magnetic scaffolds for dentin-pulp tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Research Center for tooth and periodontal tissue regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Suk Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-joo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Research Center for tooth and periodontal tissue regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ju Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Research Center for tooth and periodontal tissue regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Yi
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (ECK); (HWK)
| | - Eun-cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Research Center for tooth and periodontal tissue regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (ECK); (HWK)
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Hunter DJ, Bardet C, Mouraret S, Liu B, Singh G, Sadoine J, Dhamdhere G, Smith A, Tran XV, Joy A, Rooker S, Suzuki S, Vuorinen A, Miettinen S, Chaussain C, Helms JA. Wnt Acts as a Prosurvival Signal to Enhance Dentin Regeneration. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1150-9. [PMID: 25556760 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are lipid-modified, short-range signals that control stem cell self-renewal and tissue regeneration. We identified a population of Wnt responsive cells in the pulp cavity, characterized their function, and then created a pulp injury. The repair response was evaluated over time using molecular, cellular, and quantitative assays. We tested how healing was impacted by wound environments in which Wnt signaling was amplified. We found that a Wnt-amplified environment was associated with superior pulp healing. Although cell death was still rampant, the number of cells undergoing apoptosis was significantly reduced. This resulted in significantly better survival of injured pulp cells, and resulted in the formation of more tertiary dentin. We engineered a liposome-reconstituted form of WNT3A then tested whether this biomimetic compound could activate cells in the injured tooth pulp and stimulate dentin regeneration. Pulp cells responded to the elevated Wnt stimulus by differentiating into secretory odontoblasts. Thus, transiently amplifying the body's natural Wnt response resulted in improved pulp vitality. These data have direct clinical implications for treating dental caries, the most prevalent disease affecting mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hunter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claire Bardet
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,EA 2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Sylvain Mouraret
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 7, Université Paris Diderot, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- EA 2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Girija Dhamdhere
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Vinh Tran
- EA 2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Adrienne Joy
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott Rooker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Division of Cervico-Gnathostomatology Hiroshima, University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Annukka Vuorinen
- BioMediTech, Adult Stem Cell Research, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Student Health Service, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- BioMediTech, Adult Stem Cell Research, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Science Centre, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Osteogenic Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies: A Systematic Review Using Modified ARRIVE and CONSORT Guidelines. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:378368. [PMID: 26106427 PMCID: PMC4464683 DOI: 10.1155/2015/378368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. Dental stem cell-based tissue engineered constructs are emerging as a promising alternative to autologous bone transfer for treating bone defects. The purpose of this review is to systematically assess the preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies which have evaluated the efficacy of dental stem cells on bone regeneration. Methods. A literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to October 2014. Implantation of dental stem cells in animal models for evaluating bone regeneration and/or in vitro studies demonstrating osteogenic potential of dental stem cells were included. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to ensure the quality of the search. Modified ARRIVE (Animal research: reporting in invivo experiments) and CONSORT (Consolidated reporting of trials) were used to critically analyze the selected studies. Results. From 1914 citations, 207 full-text articles were screened and 137 studies were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity observed in the studies selected, meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate the potential use of dental stem cells in bone regeneration. However well-designed randomized animal trials are needed before moving into clinical trials.
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Bhoj M, Zhang C, Green DW. A First Step in De Novo Synthesis of a Living Pulp Tissue Replacement Using Dental Pulp MSCs and Tissue Growth Factors, Encapsulated within a Bioinspired Alginate Hydrogel. J Endod 2015; 41:1100-7. [PMID: 25958179 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A living, self-supporting pulp tissue replacement in vitro and for transplantation is an attractive yet unmet bioengineering challenge. Our aim is to create 3-dimensional alginate-based microenvironments that replicate the shape of gutta-percha and comprise key elements for the proliferation of progenitor cells and the release of growth factors. METHODS An RGD-bearing alginate framework was used to encapsulate dental pulp stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a ratio of 1:1. The alginate hydrogel also retained and delivered 2 key growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor-121 and fibroblast growth factor, in a sufficient amount to induce proliferation. A method was then devised to replicate the shape of gutta-percha using RGD alginate within a custom-made mold of thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide. Plugs of alginate containing different permutations of growth factor-based encapsulates were tested and evaluated for viability, proliferation, and release kinetics between 1 and 14 days. RESULTS According to scanning electron microscopic and confocal microscopic observations, the encapsulated human endothelial cells and dental pulp stem cell distribution were frequent and extensive throughout the length of the construct. There were also high levels of viability in all test environments. Furthermore, cell proliferation was higher in the growth factor-based groups. Growth factor release kinetics also showed significant differences between them. Interestingly, the combination of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor synergize to significantly up-regulate cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS RGD-alginate scaffolds can be fabricated into shapes to fill the pulp space by simple templating. The addition of dual growth factors to cocultures of stem cells within RGD-alginate scaffolds led to the creation of microenvironments that significantly enhance the proliferation of dental pulp stem cell/human umbilical vein endothelial cell combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Bhoj
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong.
| | - David W Green
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong.
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Zhang J, Park YD, Bae WJ, El-Fiqi A, Shin SH, Lee EJ, Kim HW, Kim EC. Effects of bioactive cements incorporating zinc-bioglass nanoparticles on odontogenic and angiogenic potential of human dental pulp cells. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:954-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214550896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bioactive calcium phosphate cements (CPC, α-tricalcium phosphate-based) incorporating zinc-bioglass (ZnBG) on the odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Methods BGs with varying concentrations of Zn (0, 2.5 and 5%) were produced via a sol-gel process. The proliferation of HDPCs on CPC/BGs was determined by MTS assay. Alizarin red staining, RT-PCR, and ALP activity were used to assess odontogenic differentiation, and western blot analysis was used to asses signaling pathways. In vitro angiogenesis was examined via mRNA expression of angiogenic genes and tubule formation. Results All cement formulations showed no cytotoxicity. The CPCs with ZnBG showed increased ALP activity, enhanced formation of mineralized nodules, and upregulated mRNA expression of DMP-1, DSPP, Runx2, and osterix in a time- and dose-dependent manner, relative to CPCs without Zn. ZnBG upregulated integrins α1, α2, β1, and β3 and activated integrin downstream signal pathways, such as p-FAK, p-Akt, p-paxillin, RhoA, MAPK, and NF-κB, as well as canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. In addition, ZnBG upregulated VEGF mRNA in HDPCs and increased the tubular structure in endothelial cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that ZnBG incorporated within CPCs activates odontogenic differentiation and promotes angiogenesis in vitro through integrin, Wnt, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. Thus, CPCs incorporating ZnBG are promising matrices in tissue engineering to stimulate endodontic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Duk Park
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jung Bae
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed El-Fiqi
- College of Dentistry & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Shin
- College of Dentistry & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- College of Dentistry & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- College of Dentistry & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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40
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Kim GH, Park YD, Lee SY, El-Fiqi A, Kim JJ, Lee EJ, Kim HW, Kim EC. Odontogenic stimulation of human dental pulp cells with bioactive nanocomposite fiber. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:854-66. [PMID: 25098335 DOI: 10.1177/0885328214546884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a composite nanofibrous matrix made of biopolymer blend polycaprolactone-gelatin (BP) and mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). BGN-BP nanomatrices, with BGN content of up to 20 wt%, were produced via electrospinning. The differentiation of the HDPCs was evaluated by using an ALP activity assay, calcified nodule formation, and mRNA expression for markers. Integrin and its underlying signal pathways were assessed via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Although cell growth and attachment on the BGN-BP nanomatrix was similar to that on BP, ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and mRNA, expressions involving ALP, osteocalcin, osteopontin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein-1 were greater on BGN-BP. BGN-BP upregulated the key adhesion receptors (integrin components α1, α2, α5, and β1) and activated integrin downstream pathways, such as phosphorylated-focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), and p-paxillin. In addition, BGN-BP activated BMP receptors, BMP-2 mRNA, and p-Smad 1/5/8, and such activation was blocked by the BMP antagonist, noggin. Furthermore, BGN-BP induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, protein kinase 38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases and activated expression of the transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix in HDPCs. Collectively, the results indicated for the first time that a BGN-BP composite nanomatrix promoted odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs through the integrin, BMP, and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. Moreover, the nanomatrix is considered to be promising scaffolds for the culture of HDPCs and dental tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Hyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Duk Park
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed El-Fiqi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea College of Dentistry & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ju Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea College of Dentistry & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea College of Dentistry & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea College of Dentistry & Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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41
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Eubanks EJ, Tarle SA, Kaigler D. Tooth Storage, Dental Pulp Stem Cell Isolation, and Clinical Scale Expansion without Animal Serum. J Endod 2014; 40:652-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dorj B, Won JE, Purevdorj O, Patel KD, Kim JH, Lee EJ, Kim HW. A novel therapeutic design of microporous-structured biopolymer scaffolds for drug loading and delivery. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1238-50. [PMID: 24239677 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) open-channeled scaffolds of biopolymers are a promising candidate matrix for tissue engineering. When scaffolds have the capacity to deliver bioactive molecules the potential for tissue regeneration should be greatly enhanced. In order to improve drug-delivery capacity, we exploit 3-D poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds by creating microporosity within the scaffold network. Macroporous channeled PLA with a controlled pore configuration was obtained by a robotic dispensing technique. In particular, a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) bearing hydrophilic counter-anions, such as OTf and Cl, was introduced to the biopolymer solution at varying ratios. The RTIL-biopolymer slurry was homogenized by ultrasonication, and then solidified through the robotic dispensing process, during which the biopolymer and RTIL formed a bicontinuous interpenetrating network. After ethanol wash-out treatment the RTIL was completely removed to leave highly microporous open channels throughout the PLA network. The resultant pore size was observed to be a few micrometers (average 2.43 μm) and microporosity was determined to be ∼ 70%. The microporous surface was also shown to favor initial cell adhesion, stimulating cell anchorage on the microporous structure. Furthermore, in vivo tissue responses assessed in rat subcutaneous tissue revealed good tissue compatibility, with minimal inflammatory reactions, while gathering a larger population of fibroblastic cells than the non-microporous scaffolds, and even facilitating invasion of the cells within the microporous structure. The efficacy of the micropore networks generated within the 3-D scaffolds in loading and releasing therapeutic molecules was addressed using antibiotic sodium ampicillin and protein cytochrome C as model drugs. The microporous scaffolds exhibited significantly enhanced drug loading capacity: 4-5 times increase in ampicillin and 9-10 times increase in cytochrome C compared to the non-microporous scaffolds. The release of ampicillin loaded within the microporous scaffolds was initially fast (∼ 85% for 1 week), and was then slowed down, showing a continual release up to a month. On the other hand, cytochrome C was shown to release in a highly sustainable manner over a month, without showing an initial burst release effect. This study provides a novel insight into the generation of 3-D biopolymer scaffolds with high performance in loading and delivery of biomolecules, facilitated by the creation of microporous channels through the scaffold network. The capacity to support tissue cells while in situ delivering drug molecules makes the current scaffolds potentially useful for therapeutic tissue engineering.
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Kim JH, Moon HJ, Kim TH, Jo JM, Yang SH, Naskar D, Kundu SC, Chrzanowski W, Kim HW. A novel in vivo platform for studying alveolar bone regeneration in rat. J Tissue Eng 2013; 4:2041731413517705. [PMID: 24555013 PMCID: PMC3927964 DOI: 10.1177/2041731413517705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone regeneration is a significant challenge in dental implantation. Novel biomaterials and tissue-engineered constructs are under extensive development and awaiting in vivo animal tests to find clinical endpoint. Here, we establish a novel in vivo model, modifying gingivoperiosteoplasty in rat for the alveolar bone regeneration. Rat premaxillary bone defects were filled with silk scaffold or remained empty during the implantation period (up to 6 weeks), and harvested samples were analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histopathology. Empty defects showed increased but limited new bone formation with increasing implantation period. In defects implanted with silk sponge, the bone formation was significantly greater than that of empty defect, indicating an effective role of silk scaffold in the defect model. The modified premaxillary defect model in rat is simple to perform, while mimicking the clinical conditions, finding usefulness for the development of biomaterials and tissue-engineered constructs targeting alveolar bone regeneration in dental implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Moon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dankook University Dental College, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Yang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Deboki Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Biomaterials Science, Dankook University Dental College, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Won JE, El-Fiqi A, Jegal SH, Han CM, Lee EJ, Knowles JC, Kim HW. Gelatin-apatite bone mimetic co-precipitates incorporated within biopolymer matrix to improve mechanical and biological properties useful for hard tissue repair. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:1213-25. [PMID: 23985536 PMCID: PMC4107824 DOI: 10.1177/0885328213502100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biopolymers are commonly used for the repair and regeneration of damaged
tissues. Specifically targeting bone, the composite approach of utilizing inorganic
components is considered promising in terms of improving mechanical and biological
properties. We developed gelatin-apatite co-precipitates which mimic the native bone
matrix composition within poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL). Ionic
reaction of calcium and phosphate with gelatin molecules enabled the co-precipitate
formation of gelatin-apatite nanocrystals at varying ratios. The gelatin-apatite
precipitates formed were carbonated apatite in nature, and were homogeneously distributed
within the gelatin matrix. The incorporation of gelatin-apatite significantly improved the
mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at
break, and the improvement was more pronounced as the apatite content increased. Of note,
the tensile strength increased to as high as 45 MPa (a four-fold increase vs. PLCL), the
elastic modulus was increased up to 1500 MPa (a five-fold increase vs. PLCL), and the
elongation rate was ∼240% (twice vs. PLCL). These results support the strengthening role
of the gelatin-apatite precipitates within PLCL. The gelatin-apatite addition considerably
enhanced the water affinity and the acellular mineral-forming ability in vitro in
simulated body fluid; moreover, it stimulated cell proliferation and osteogenic
differentiation. Taken together, the GAp-PLCL nanocomposite composition is considered to
have excellent mechanical and biological properties, which hold great potential for use as
bone regenerative matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Won
- 1Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Dashnyam K, Perez R, Lee EJ, Yun YR, Jang JH, Wall IB, Kim HW. Hybrid scaffolds of gelatin-siloxane releasing stromal derived factor-1 effective for cell recruitment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1859-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
| | - Roman Perez
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
| | - Ye-Rang Yun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Ivan B. Wall
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE United Kingdom
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 South Korea
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