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Wani MJ, Arif A, Salman KA, Mahmood R. Glycated LDL generates reactive species that damage cell components, oxidize hemoglobin and alter surface morphology in human erythrocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132257. [PMID: 38729492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transports cholesterol to various tissues via the blood. Glycation of LDL occurs during hyperglycemic condition which is characterised by persistently high blood glucose level. Circulating erythrocytes can come in direct contact with glycated LDL (G-LDL). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of G-LDL on human erythrocytes, specifically on hemoglobin, intracellular generation of reactive species and the antioxidant defence system. Isolated erythrocytes were incubated with G-LDL (3 and 6 mg/ml) and native LDL (6 mg/ml) at 37 °C for 24 h. Native LDL and G-LDL untreated erythrocytes were similarly incubated at 37 °C and served as control. G-LDL treatment increased hemolysis compared to control and native LDL-treated erythrocytes. Incubation of erythrocytes with G-LDL led to an increase in protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation while greatly decreasing the total sulfhydryl content. It also significantly enhanced hemoglobin oxidation, heme degradation, and the release of free iron moiety. Treatment with G-LDL led to an appreciable increase in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The antioxidant power and activities of major antioxidant enzymes were drastically reduced, while critical membrane-bound enzymes were inhibited. The surface morphology of G-LDL-treated erythrocytes was altered leading to the formation of echinocytes. Importantly, treatment of erythrocytes with native LDL did not significantly affect the above-mentioned parameters and values were similar to the corresponding controls. Thus, G-LDL is cytotoxic to human erythrocytes and causes oxidative damage to cell components. This can reduce the oxygen-transporting ability of blood and also result in red cell senescence and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Junaid Wani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J.N.M.C., Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Amin Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Khushtar Anwar Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J.N.M.C., Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
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2
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Mirzadeh M, Nikparvar M, Rafati S, Kheirandish M, Azarbad A, Sheybani-Arani M, Khajavi-Mayvan F, Morovatshoar R. Atherogenic index of plasma as a predictor of coronary artery disease: a cohort study in south of Iran. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:65. [PMID: 38806969 PMCID: PMC11133246 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an atherosclerotic disease of an inflammatory nature. Previous studies examining the relationship between triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol have highlighted the importance of plasma atherogenic index (AIP) as an important predictor of coronary heart disease. However, due to the lack of adequate information on this topic, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between AIP and coronary heart disease risk. RESULTS This study included 2,226 women and 1,690 men aged 35-70 years who participated in the Bandar Kong Cohort study and met the eligibility criteria. The data was collected using a checklist and questionnaires, which were designed by experienced individuals. After participants completed a registration form and gave informed consent, face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained experts. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire had been verified by the national cohort team prior to its use. The Ethics Committee of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (IR.HUMS.REC.1400.171) approved the study. Data from the initial cohort survey using SPSS software version 25, were analyzed to include several factors, including age, sex, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, socioeconomic status, AIP, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of coronary heart disease was found to be 7.5% higher in people with a BMI of 25 or higher. Also, Individuals with low physical activity had a higher prevalence. Individuals with CAD had significantly higher mean values for the AIP, age, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (0.46, 57.50, 128.43, and 81.10, respectively) compared to those without CAD. Furthermore, patients with CAD had lower years of education (2649.45 and 3.59) than individuals without CAD (P < 0.05). Importantly, our findings showed that AIP increased the odds ratio of coronary heart disease by 1.86 as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS Based on our investigation, the AIP is a valuable and independent predictive risk factor for coronary artery disease. This index can be utilized effectively due to its accessibility and affordability, making it a promising tool for risk assessment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Mirzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Center of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikparvar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shideh Rafati
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kheirandish
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Abnoos Azarbad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - MohammadHosein Sheybani-Arani
- Clinical Research Development Center of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khajavi-Mayvan
- Clinical Research Development Center of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Morovatshoar
- Clinical Research Development Center of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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3
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Ding X, Ma X, Meng P, Yue J, Li L, Xu L. Potential Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Anti-Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:681-693. [PMID: 38706635 PMCID: PMC11070163 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s447514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and aging-related diseases present a global public health problem. Therefore, the development of efficient anti-aging drugs has become an important area of research. Traditional Chinese medicine is an important complementary and alternative branch of aging-related diseases therapy. Recently, a growing number of studies have revealed that traditional Chinese medicine has a certain delaying effect on the progression of aging and aging-related diseases. Here, we review the progress in research into using traditional Chinese medicine for aging and aging-related diseases (including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer). Furthermore, we summarize the potential mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine and provide references for further studies on aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Department of Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Ma
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Meng
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Yue
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangping Li
- Department of Graduate, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liran Xu
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Xu M, Wang W, Cheng J, Qu H, Xu M, Wang L. Effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on cellular function: Role in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116587. [PMID: 38636397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, an immunoinflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, is associated with life-threatening clinical events, such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Chronic inflammation and impaired lipoprotein metabolism are considered to be among the leading causes of atherosclerosis, while numerous risk factors, including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and aging, can contribute to the development of the disease. In recent years, emerging evidence has underlined the key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to result in an increase in reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intracellular lipid deposition, all of which can contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Critical cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, play an important role in atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial function is also involved in maintaining the normal function of these cells. To better understand the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, this review summarizes the findings of recent studies and discusses the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the risk factors and critical cells of atherosclerosis. FACTS: OPEN QUESTIONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Xu
- Clinical Skills Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingpei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Basic Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongen Qu
- Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Minjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Liefeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Basic Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Miceli G, Basso MG, Pintus C, Pennacchio AR, Cocciola E, Cuffaro M, Profita M, Rizzo G, Tuttolomondo A. Molecular Pathways of Vulnerable Carotid Plaques at Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4351. [PMID: 38673936 PMCID: PMC11050267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of vulnerable carotid plaques is pivotal in understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke secondary to large-artery atherosclerosis. In macroscopic evaluation, vulnerable plaques are characterized by one or more of the following features: microcalcification; neovascularization; lipid-rich necrotic cores (LRNCs); intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH); thin fibrous caps; plaque surface ulceration; huge dimensions, suggesting stenosis; and plaque rupture. Recognizing these macroscopic characteristics is crucial for estimating the risk of cerebrovascular events, also in the case of non-significant (less than 50%) stenosis. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, lipid-related markers like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix components are among the key molecules that are scrutinized for their associative roles in plaque instability. Through their quantification and evaluation, these biomarkers reveal intricate molecular cross-talk governing plaque inflammation, rupture potential, and thrombogenicity. The current evidence demonstrates that plaque vulnerability phenotypes are multiple and heterogeneous and are associated with many highly complex molecular pathways that determine the activation of an immune-mediated cascade that culminates in thromboinflammation. This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge on molecular biomarkers expressed by symptomatic carotid plaques. It explores the association of these biomarkers with the structural and compositional attributes that characterize vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Miceli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Basso
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pintus
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Roberta Pennacchio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Cocciola
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Cuffaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Profita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Euler G, Parahuleva M. Monocytic microRNAs-Novel targets in atherosclerosis therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38575391 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic proinflammatory disease of the vascular wall resulting in narrowing of arteries due to plaque formation, thereby causing reduced blood supply that is the leading cause for diverse end-organ damage with high mortality rates. Monocytes/macrophages, activated by elevated circulating lipoproteins, are significantly involved in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. The imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages, arising from dysregulated macrophage polarization, appears to be a driving force in this process. Proatherosclerotic processes acting on monocytes/macrophages include accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages leading to foam cell formation, as well as dysfunctional efferocytosis, all of which contribute to the formation of unstable plaques. In recent years, microRNAs (miRs) were identified as factors that could modulate monocyte/macrophage function and may therefore interfere with the atherosclerotic process. In this review, we present effects of monocyte/macrophage-derived miRs on atherosclerotic processes in order to reveal new treatment options using miRmimics or antagomiRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Euler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mariana Parahuleva
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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7
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Amadio P, Sandrini L, Zarà M, Barbieri SS, Ieraci A. NADPH-oxidases as potential pharmacological targets for thrombosis and depression comorbidity. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103060. [PMID: 38310682 PMCID: PMC10848036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a complex interrelationship between the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Comorbidities of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with mental disorders, and vice versa, are prevalent. Adults with mental disorders such as anxiety and depression have a higher risk of developing CVD, and people with CVD have an increased risk of being diagnosed with mental disorders. Oxidative stress is one of the many pathways associated with the pathophysiology of brain and cardiovascular disease. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is one of the major generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian cells, as it is the enzyme that specifically produces superoxide. This review summarizes recent findings on the consequences of NOX activation in thrombosis and depression. It also discusses the therapeutic effects and pharmacological strategies of NOX inhibitors in CVD and brain disorders. A better comprehension of these processes could facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of the comorbidity of thrombosis and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sandrini
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia S Barbieri
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060, Novedrate (CO), Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Stougiannou TM, Christodoulou KC, Dimarakis I, Mikroulis D, Karangelis D. To Repair a Broken Heart: Stem Cells in Ischemic Heart Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2181-2208. [PMID: 38534757 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in contemporary medical and surgical therapies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality; more specifically, ischemic heart disease (IHD) may affect individuals as young as 20 years old. Typically managed with guideline-directed medical therapy, interventional or surgical methods, the incurred cardiomyocyte loss is not always completely reversible; however, recent research into various stem cell (SC) populations has highlighted their potential for the treatment and perhaps regeneration of injured cardiac tissue, either directly through cellular replacement or indirectly through local paracrine effects. Different stem cell (SC) types have been employed in studies of infarcted myocardium, both in animal models of myocardial infarction (MI) as well as in clinical studies of MI patients, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), Muse cells, multipotent stem cells such as bone marrow-derived cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSC/CPCs). These have been delivered as is, in the form of cell therapies, or have been used to generate tissue-engineered (TE) constructs with variable results. In this text, we sought to perform a narrative review of experimental and clinical studies employing various stem cells (SC) for the treatment of infarcted myocardium within the last two decades, with an emphasis on therapies administered through thoracic incision or through percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), to elucidate possible mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of such cell therapies when employed in a surgical or interventional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora M Stougiannou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos C Christodoulou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dimarakis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mikroulis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimos Karangelis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Slater A, Khattak S, Thomas MR. GPVI inhibition: Advancing antithrombotic therapy in cardiovascular disease. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2024:pvae018. [PMID: 38453424 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP) VI plays a major role in thrombosis but not haemostasis, making it a promising antithrombotic target. The primary role of GPVI on the surface of platelets is a signalling receptor for collagen, which is one of the most potent thrombotic sub-endothelial components that is exposed by atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Inhibition of GPVI has therefore been investigated as a strategy for treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis, such as during stroke and acute coronary syndromes. A range of specific GPVI inhibitors have been characterised and 2 of these inhibitors, glenzocimab and revacept, have completed phase II clinical trials in ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarise mechanisms of GPVI activation and the latest progress of clinically tested GPVI inhibitors, including their mechanisms of action. By focussing on what is known about GPVI activation, we also discuss whether alternate strategies could also be used to target GPVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Khattak
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Fan CH, Tsai CY, Lai CY, Liou YF, Lee JK, Yeh CK. Feasibility of in vitro calcification plaque disruption using ultrasound-induced microbubble inertial cavitation. ULTRASONICS 2024; 138:107238. [PMID: 38183758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a clinical method in which plaque-narrowed arteries are widened by inflating an intravascular balloon catheter. However, PTCA remains challenging to apply in calcified plaques since the high pressure required for achieving a therapeutic outcome can result in balloon rupture, vessel rupture, and intimal dissection. To address the problem with PTCA, we hypothesized that a calcified plaque can be disrupted by microbubbles (MBs) inertial cavitation induced by ultrasound (US). This study proposed a columnar US transducer with a novel design to generate inertial cavitation at the lesion site. Experiments were carried out using tubular calcification phantom to mimic calcified plaques. After different parameters of US + MBs treatment (four types of MBs concentration, five types of cycle number, and three types of insonication duration; n = 4 in each group), inflation experiments were performed to examine the efficacy of cavitation for a clinically used balloon catheter. Finally, micro-CT was used to investigate changes in the internal structure of the tubular plaster phantoms. The inflation threshold of the untreated tubular plaster phantoms was > 11 atm, and this was significantly reduced to 7.4 ± 0.7 atm (p = 5.2E-08) using US-induced MBs inertial cavitation at a treatment duration of 20 min with an acoustic pressure of 214 kPa, an MBs concentration of 4.0 × 108 MBs/mL, a cycle number of 100 cycles, and a pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz. Moreover, micro-CT revealed internal damage in the tubular calcification phantom, demonstrating that US-induced MBs inertial cavitation can effectively disrupt calcified plaques and reduce the inflation threshold of PTCA. The ex vivo histopathology results showed that the endothelium of pig blood vessels remained intact after the treatment. In summary, the results show that US-induced MBs inertial cavitation can markedly reduce the inflation threshold in PTCA without damaging blood vessel endothelia, indicating the potential of the proposed treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fu Liou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuang Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Proaño-Bernal L, Gilabert-García A, Sharma-Sharma S, Mora-Barrera CM, Singer-De-la-Garza J, Beristain-de-la-Rosa PY, Basile-Alvarez MR, Guerra EC, Bermudez-Gonzalez JL, Luna-Alcala S, Espinola-Zavaleta N, Alexanderson-Rosas E. Positron emission tomography and its role in the assessment of vulnerable plaques in comparison to other imaging modalities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1293848. [PMID: 38425695 PMCID: PMC10902136 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1293848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of vulnerable plaques are topics of high interest in the cardiovascular field. Although imaging techniques like computed tomography angiography (MCTA) and ultrasonography (USG) can structurally evaluate atherosclerotic plaques, they are limited in examining internal cellular processes. Positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging, on the other hand, can highlight these cellular processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and lipid oxidation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also a valuable non-invasive imaging technique that can provide detailed anatomical and functional information on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we compare the advantages and drawbacks of MCTA, USG and MRI imaging techniques with PET molecular imaging in evaluating vulnerable plaques. PET imaging allows physicians to measure different pathophysiological events within the plaque using intravenous radiotracers, of which 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is the most validated one. By using 18F-FDG, physicians can understand the formation of the plaque, assess the accumulation of macrophages, and predict major cardiovascular events. However, some limitations exist in using 18F-FDG, including myocardial uptake and low sensitivity in imaging coronary arteries. We also mention other radiotracers that can help in evaluating vulnerable plaques, including 18F-NaF. Although PET imaging is still challenging, it has shown promise in evaluating vulnerable plaques and could be used to intervene in high-risk patients before major cardiovascular events occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Proaño-Bernal
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Gilabert-García
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrique C. Guerra
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Bermudez-Gonzalez
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Luna-Alcala
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick Alexanderson-Rosas
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Mytych W, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Łoś A, Dynarowicz K, Myśliwiec A, Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy for Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1958. [PMID: 38396639 PMCID: PMC10888721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which currently contributes to 31% of deaths globally, is of critical cardiovascular concern. Current diagnostic tools and biomarkers are limited, emphasizing the need for early detection. Lifestyle modifications and medications form the basis of treatment, and emerging therapies such as photodynamic therapy are being developed. Photodynamic therapy involves a photosensitizer selectively targeting components of atherosclerotic plaques. When activated by specific light wavelengths, it induces localized oxidative stress aiming to stabilize plaques and reduce inflammation. The key advantage lies in its selective targeting, sparing healthy tissues. While preclinical studies are encouraging, ongoing research and clinical trials are crucial for optimizing protocols and ensuring long-term safety and efficacy. The potential combination with other therapies makes photodynamic therapy a versatile and promising avenue for addressing atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease. The investigations underscore the possibility of utilizing photodynamic therapy as a valuable treatment choice for atherosclerosis. As advancements in research continue, photodynamic therapy might become more seamlessly incorporated into clinical approaches for managing atherosclerosis, providing a blend of efficacy and limited invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Mytych
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (W.M.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Łoś
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (W.M.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.D.); (A.M.)
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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13
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Fouad AG, Ali MRA, Naguib DM, Farouk HO, Zanaty MI, El-Ela FIA. Design, optimization, and in vivo evaluation of invasome-mediated candesartan for the control of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:474-490. [PMID: 37605039 PMCID: PMC10761454 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of arterial plaque. Diabetes mellitus stands out as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Candesartan is a potent angiotensin II receptor antagonist that enhances arterial blood flow and reduces insulin resistance. However, oral candesartan has limited activity because of its low bioavailability, water solubility, hepatic first-pass degradation, and efficacy. The current study aims to develop nasal candesartan-loaded invasome (CLI) drops to improve candesartan's permeation, release, and bioavailability as a potential treatment for diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Design expert software was used to prepare various CLI formulations to determine the impact of the concentrations of ethanol, cineole, and phospholipid. The desirability index was used to estimate the optimized formulation composition to maximize entrapment efficiency and minimize vesicle size. The optimized formulation had a 1% ethanol concentration, a 1.5% cineole concentration, and a 2.32% phospholipid concentration. The selected optimized formulation was then tested in a rat model of diabetes and atherosclerosis to evaluate its activity. The results showed that nasal CLI drops significantly raised serum HDL levels by a ratio of 1.42 and lowered serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels by 69.70%, 72.22%, 36.52%, 58.0%, and 65.31%, respectively, compared with diabetic atherosclerotic rats, throwing an insight on the potential for promising anti-diabetic and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Additionally, atherosclerotic lesions were improved in rats treated with CLI, as shown in histopathology. In conclusion, the results of this investigation showed that treatment with nasal CSN-loaded invasome formulation drops prevented the initiation and progression of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Gamal Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, El-Shahid/Shehata Ahmed Hijaz St., Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed R A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Demiana M Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanan O Farouk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Zanaty
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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14
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Maidana D, Arroyo-Álvarez A, Arenas-Loriente A, Barreres-Martín G, Muñoz-Alfonso C, Bompart Berroteran D, Esteve Claramunt F, Blanco del Burgo R, Cepas-Guillén P, Garcia-Blas S, Bonanad C. Inflammation as a New Therapeutic Target among Older Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:363. [PMID: 38256497 PMCID: PMC10816645 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain a global health challenge, with ischemic heart disease (IHD) being the primary cause of both morbidity and mortality. Despite optimal pharmacological therapy, older patients with IHD exhibit an increased susceptibility to recurrent ischemic events, significantly impacting their prognosis. Inflammation is intricately linked with the aging process and plays a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Emerging anti-inflammatory therapies have shown promise in reducing ischemic events among high-risk populations. This review aims to explore the potential of targeted anti-inflammatory interventions in improving clinical outcomes and the quality of life for older patients with IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maidana
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
| | - Andrea Arroyo-Álvarez
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
| | | | - Guillermo Barreres-Martín
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
| | - Carles Muñoz-Alfonso
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
| | - Daznia Bompart Berroteran
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
| | - Francisca Esteve Claramunt
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
| | - Regina Blanco del Burgo
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
| | | | - Sergio Garcia-Blas
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
- Cardiology Department, Clinic University Hospital of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Bonanad
- INCLIVA—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain (F.E.C.)
- Cardiology Department, Clinic University Hospital of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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15
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Gold ME, Woods E, Pobee D, Ibrahim R, Quyyumi AA. Multi-proteomic Biomarker Risk Scores for Predicting Risk and Guiding Therapy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1811-1821. [PMID: 38079057 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) are at high residual risk for adverse events, despite guideline-based treatments. Herein, we aimed to determine whether risk scores based on multiple circulating biomarkers that represent activation of various pathophysiologically important pathways involved in atherosclerosis and myocardial dysfunction help identify those at greatest residual risk. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous circulating proteins, representing dysregulation of the pathways involved in the development and stability of coronary and myocardial diseases, have been identified. When aggregated together, biomarker risk scores (BRS) more accurately stratify patients with established CAD that may help target interventions in those individuals who are at elevated risk. Moreover, intensification of guideline-based therapies has been associated with parallel improvements in both BRS and outcomes, indicating that these risk scores may be employed clinically to target therapy. Multi-protein BRS are predictive of risk, independent of, and in addition to traditional risk factor assessments in patients with CAD. Those with elevated risk may benefit from optimization of therapies, and improvements in the BRS will identify those with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Gold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward Woods
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Darlington Pobee
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rand Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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16
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Zodda E, Tura-Ceide O, Mills NL, Tarragó-Celada J, Carini M, Thomson TM, Cascante M. Autonomous metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress characterize endothelial dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction. eLife 2023; 12:e86260. [PMID: 38014932 PMCID: PMC10871716 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has accumulated on the role of oxidative stress on the endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in acute coronary syndrome. Unveiling the underlying metabolic determinants has been hampered by the scarcity of appropriate cell models to address cell-autonomous mechanisms of EC dysfunction. We have generated endothelial cells derived from thrombectomy specimens from patients affected with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and conducted phenotypical and metabolic characterizations. AMI-derived endothelial cells (AMIECs) display impaired growth, migration, and tubulogenesis. Metabolically, AMIECs displayed augmented ROS and glutathione intracellular content, with a diminished glucose consumption coupled to high lactate production. In AMIECs, while PFKFB3 protein levels of were downregulated, PFKFB4 levels were upregulated, suggesting a shunting of glycolysis towards the pentose phosphate pathway, supported by upregulation of G6PD. Furthermore, the glutaminolytic enzyme GLS was upregulated in AMIECs, providing an explanation for the increase in glutathione content. Finally, AMIECs displayed a significantly higher mitochondrial membrane potential than control ECs, which, together with high ROS levels, suggests a coupled mitochondrial activity. We suggest that high mitochondrial proton coupling underlies the high production of ROS, balanced by PPP- and glutaminolysis-driven synthesis of glutathione, as a primary, cell-autonomous abnormality driving EC dysfunction in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zodda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona, National Research Council (IBMB-CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EDH)MadridSpain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)MadridSpain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)GironaSpain
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Timothy M Thomson
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona, National Research Council (IBMB-CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EDH)MadridSpain
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EDH)MadridSpain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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17
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Aherrahrou R, Baig F, Theofilatos K, Lue D, Beele A, Örd T, Kaikkonen MU, Aherrahrou Z, Cheng Q, Ghosh S, Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Finn A, Owens GK, Joner M, Mayr M, Civelek M. Secreted protein profiling of human aortic smooth muscle cells identifies vascular disease associations. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.10.23298351. [PMID: 37986932 PMCID: PMC10659471 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.23298351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which make up the medial layer of arteries, are key cell types involved in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In response to microenvironment alterations, SMCs dedifferentiate from a "contractile" to a "synthetic" phenotype characterized by an increased proliferation, migration, production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and decreased expression of SMC-specific contractile markers. These phenotypic changes result in vascular remodeling and contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, and aortic aneurysms. Here, we aim to identify the genetic variants that regulate ECM secretion in SMCs and predict the causal proteins associated with vascular disease-related loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Methods Using human aortic SMCs from 123 multi-ancestry healthy heart transplant donors, we collected the serum-free media in which the cells were cultured for 24 hours and conducted Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis of the conditioned media. Results We measured the abundance of 270 ECM and related proteins. Next, we performed protein quantitative trait locus mapping (pQTL) and identified 20 loci associated with secreted protein abundance in SMCs. We functionally annotated these loci using a colocalization approach. This approach prioritized the genetic variant rs6739323-A at the 2p22.3 locus, which is associated with lower expression of LTBP1 in SMCs and atherosclerosis-prone areas of the aorta, and increased risk for SMC calcification. We found that LTBP1 expression is abundant in SMCs, and its expression at mRNA and protein levels was reduced in unstable and advanced atherosclerotic plaque lesions. Conclusions Our results unravel the SMC proteome signature associated with vascular disorders, which may help identify potential therapeutic targets to accelerate the pathway to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rédouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ferheen Baig
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dillon Lue
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alicia Beele
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Germany
| | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Aloke Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Michael Joner
- Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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18
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Yao H, Pang Y, Chen Y, Si N, Wu C, Wang Z, Ren Y. Association Between Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphism and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3599-3608. [PMID: 37964941 PMCID: PMC10642489 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s427873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have identified diabetes as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. This study determined the correlation between the IL-6 gene -572 G/C polymorphism and the incidence and severity of coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes. Methods One hundred four patients with diabetes who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively enrolled in the current study. These patients were divided into a diabetes only group (group A, 27 patients) and a diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease group (group B, 77 patients). Seventy patients in the latter group were further divided into low, medium, and high Syntax score groups based on coronary angiography results. A correlation analysis between IL-6, blood lipids, and the IL-6 -572 G/C gene levels was performed. Results The serum IL-6 level in patients with the IL-6-572G/C-GG genotype was higher than patients with the GC and CC genotypes. In patients with diabetes, the presence of the IL-6-572G/C-GG and GC genotypes was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Patients with the IL-6-572G/C-GG genotype and diabetes were shown to have more severe coronary artery lesions compared to patients with the CC genotype. Moreover, the G allele of the IL-6-572G/C gene was linked to a higher risk of coronary heart disease and more severe coronary artery lesions in patients with diabetes compared to the C allele. Conclusion The IL-6-572G/C gene polymorphism is associated with the incidence and severity of coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan City, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Pang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan City, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan City, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nilu Si
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan City, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan City, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan City, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan City, 030001, People’s Republic of China
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Messadi E. Snake Venom Components as Therapeutic Drugs in Ischemic Heart Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1539. [PMID: 37892221 PMCID: PMC10605524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), especially myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although coronary reperfusion is the most straightforward treatment for limiting the MI size, it has nevertheless been shown to exacerbate ischemic myocardial injury. Therefore, identifying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat IHD is a major medical challenge. Snake venoms contain biologically active proteins and peptides that are of major interest for pharmacological applications in the cardiovascular system (CVS). This has led to their use for the development and design of new drugs, such as the first-in-class angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, developed from a peptide present in Bothrops jararaca snake venom. This review discusses the potential usefulness of snake venom toxins for developing effective treatments against IHD and related diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. It describes their biological effects at the molecular scale, their mechanisms of action according to their different pharmacological properties, as well as their subsequent molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. The molecules reported here have either been approved for human medical use and are currently available on the drug market or are still in the clinical or preclinical developmental stages. The information summarized here may be useful in providing insights into the development of future snake venom-derived drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erij Messadi
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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20
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Saiin K, Konishi T, Kazui S, Yasui Y, Takahashi Y, Naito S, Takenaka S, Mizuguchi Y, Tada A, Kobayashi Y, Kato Y, Omote K, Sato T, Kamiya K, Nagai T, Tanaka S, Anzai T. Association of coronary plaque morphology with inflammatory biomarkers and target lesion revascularization in patients with chronic coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2023; 13:309-319. [PMID: 38026114 PMCID: PMC10658051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of high-risk coronary atherosclerosis evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT) can have a prognostic role. Inflammatory biomarkers may be related to the severity of coronary artery disease. This study investigated the association of high-risk morphological features of coronary plaques on OCT with circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers and target lesion revascularization (TLR). MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively analyzed the data of 30 consecutive patients with chronic coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using OCT. The levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, pentraxin 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured in plasma samples. Coronary plaque characteristics were scored quantitatively in the form of coronary plaque risk score (CPRS). The estimated high-risk plaque characteristics for TLR were plaque rupture, plaque erosion, calcified nodule, lipid-rich plaque, thin-cap fibroatheroma, cholesterol crystals, macrophage infiltration, microchannels, calcification angle >90°, and microcalcifications. Each high-risk feature carries 1 point. Patients were defined as having a low CPRS (CPRS ≤3) or a high CPRS (CPRS ≥4). RESULTS The primary outcome was TLR. TLR occurred in 6 (20%) patients within 15 months of PCI. High CPRS on OCT was directly correlated with TLR (P=0.029). In logistic regression analysis, CPRS was associated with TLR (odds ratio, 10.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-74.5). Serum MCP-1 level was significantly correlated with the CPRS (P=0.020). CONCLUSIONS In patients with chronic coronary syndrome, CPRS may be a surrogate predictor of TLR. Serum MCP-1 may aid in the detection of high-risk coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Saiin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takao Konishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sho Kazui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yasui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sakae Takenaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mizuguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuta Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazunori Omote
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuma Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Kamiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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21
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Roeters van Lennep JE, Tokgözoğlu LS, Badimon L, Dumanski SM, Gulati M, Hess CN, Holven KB, Kavousi M, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Lutgens E, Michos ED, Prescott E, Stock JK, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Wermer MJH, Benn M. Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4157-4173. [PMID: 37611089 PMCID: PMC10576616 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men globally, with most due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite progress during the last 30 years, ASCVD mortality is now increasing, with the fastest relative increase in middle-aged women. Missed or delayed diagnosis and undertreatment do not fully explain this burden of disease. Sex-specific factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature menopause (especially primary ovarian insufficiency), and polycystic ovary syndrome are also relevant, with good evidence that these are associated with greater cardiovascular risk. This position statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society focuses on these factors, as well as sex-specific effects on lipids, including lipoprotein(a), over the life course in women which impact ASCVD risk. Women are also disproportionately impacted (in relative terms) by diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and auto-immune inflammatory disease. All these effects are compounded by sociocultural components related to gender. This panel stresses the need to identify and treat modifiable cardiovascular risk factors earlier in women, especially for those at risk due to sex-specific conditions, to reduce the unacceptably high burden of ASCVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu I Santa Pau, Ciber CV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra M Dumanski
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Calgary, Canada
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Connie N Hess
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora and CPC Clinical Research Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meral Kayıkçıoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane K Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Mässans Gata 10, SE-412 51 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology at University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Benn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Iqbal M, Hasanah N, Arianto AD, Aryati WD, Puteri MU, Saputri FC. Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan L. as a Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitor: Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening, In Silico Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Studies. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:5932315. [PMID: 37860715 PMCID: PMC10584496 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5932315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a crucial regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, as it binds to and degrades the LDL receptor (LDLR) in the lysosome of hepatocytes. Elevated levels of PCSK9 have been linked to an increased LDL-c plasma levels, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), making it an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. As a way to inhibit PCSK9 action, we searched for naturally derived small molecules which can block the binding of PCSK9 to the LDLR. Methods In this study, we carried out in silico studies which consist of virtual screening using an optimized pharmacophore model and molecular docking studies using Pyrx 0.98. Effects of the candidate compounds were evaluated using in vitro PCSK9-LDLR binding assays kit. Results Eleven natural compounds that bind to PCSK9 were virtually screened form HerbalDB database, including brazilin. Next, molecular docking studies using Pyrx 0.98 showed that brazilin had the highest binding affinity with PCSK9 at -9.0 (Kcal/mol), which was higher than that of the other ten compounds. Subsequent in vitro PCSK9-LDLR binding assays established that brazilin decreased the binding of PCSK9 to the EGF-A fragment of the LDLR in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 2.19 μM. Conclusion We have identified brazilin, which is derived from the Caesalpinia sappan herb, which can act as a small molecule inhibitor of PCSK9. Our findings suggest that screening for small molecules that can block the interaction between PCSK9 and the LDLR in silico and in vitro may be a promising approach for developing novel lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Jakarta, West Java 16424, Indonesia
| | - Nur Hasanah
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Jakarta, West Java 16424, Indonesia
- Pharmacy Department, Widya Dharma Husada School of Health Science, South Tangerang, Banten 15417, Indonesia
| | - Aimee Detria Arianto
- Laboratory of Biomedical Computation and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Jakarta, West Java 16424, Indonesia
| | - Widya Dwi Aryati
- Laboratory of Biomedical Computation and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Jakarta, West Java 16424, Indonesia
| | - Meidi Utami Puteri
- Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Jakarta, West Java 16424, Indonesia
- National Metabolomics Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Jakarta, West Java 16424, Indonesia
| | - Fadlina Chany Saputri
- Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Jakarta, West Java 16424, Indonesia
- National Metabolomics Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, UI Depok Campus, Jakarta, West Java 16424, Indonesia
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23
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Park SK, Jung JY, Kim MH, Oh CM, Ha E, Yang EH, Lee HC, Shin S, Hwang WY, Lee S, Shin SY, Ryoo JH. Changes in proteinuria and the associated risks of ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris in Korean population. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023088. [PMID: 37817566 PMCID: PMC10867523 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proteinuria is widely used to predict cardiovascular risk. However, there is insufficient evidence to predict how changes in proteinuria may affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease. METHODS The study included 265,236 Korean adults who underwent health checkups in 2003-2004 and 2007-2008. They were categorized into 4 groups based on changes in proteinuria (negative: negative → negative; resolved: proteinuria ≥1+ → negative; incident: negative → proteinuria ≥1+; persistent: proteinuria ≥1+ → proteinuria ≥1+). We conducted 6 years of follow-up to identify the risks of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and angina pectoris according to changes in proteinuria. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident IHD, AMI, and angina pectoris. RESULTS The IHD risk (expressed as HR [95% CI]) was the highest for persistent proteinuria, followed in descending order by incident and resolved proteinuria, compared with negative proteinuria (negative: reference, resolved: 1.211 [95% CI, 1.104 to 1.329], incident: 1.288 [95% CI, 1.184 to 1.400], and persistent: 1.578 [95% CI, 1.324 to 1.881]). The same pattern was associated with AMI (negative: reference, resolved: 1.401 [95% CI, 1.048 to 1.872], incident: 1.606 [95% CI, 1.268 to 2.035], and persistent: 2.069 [95% CI, 1.281 to 3.342]) and angina pectoris (negative: reference, resolved: 1.184 [95% CI, 1.065 to 1.316], incident: 1.275 [95% CI, 1.160 to 1.401], and persistent: 1.554 [95% CI, 1.272 to 1.899]). CONCLUSIONS Experiencing proteinuria increased the risks of IHD, AMI, and angina pectoris even after proteinuria resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Park
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Informatization Department, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Choon Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soonsu Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Yeon Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Youn Shin
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Awan RU, Iyer A, Khan UA, Majeed H, Nabeel A, Zaidi SH, Sheikh AB, Shahjahan RD, Yazdanyar A, Sagheer S. Insights Into Clinical Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis With Concomitant Acute Myocardial Infarction Using the National Inpatient Sample Database. Am J Cardiol 2023; 203:295-300. [PMID: 37517123 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are common conditions, occasionally sharing overlapping symptoms, posing various clinical challenges. This study aims to investigate the demographics, outcomes, and risk factors of patients admitted with AP and ACS using the National Inpatient Sample database. The database from 2016 to 2019 was analyzed, identifying patients with a primary diagnosis of AP and dividing them into 2 groups: those with ACS and those without (non-ACS). Of the 112,874 patients with AP, 5,210 (0.46%) had ACS. The patients with AP with concomitant ACS were older, predominantly male, and had a higher prevalence of co-morbidities. Inpatient mortality was significantly higher in the AP with concomitant ACS cohort compared with the AP without ACS cohort (8.4% vs 0.5%, adjusted odds ratio 9.94, 95% confidence interval 7.79 to 12.67, p <0.05). In conclusion, patients with AP and ACS experienced worse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehmat Ullah Awan
- Division of Medicine, Ochsner Rush Medical Center, Meridian, Mississippi.
| | - Aditya Iyer
- Department of Medicine, St Michael Medical center, Silverdale WA
| | - Umair A Khan
- Divisions of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Harris Majeed
- Divisions of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ambreen Nabeel
- Division of Medicine, Ochsner Rush Medical Center, Meridian, Mississippi
| | - Syeda Humna Zaidi
- Division of Medicine, Poplar Bluff Regional Medical Center, Poplar Bluff, Missouri
| | - Abu Baker Sheikh
- Divisions of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Ali Yazdanyar
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Hospital Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Cedar Crest, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Shazib Sagheer
- Divisions of Cardiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Interventional Cardiology, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey
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25
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Yang Y, Song C, Jia L, Dong Q, Song W, Yin D, Dou K. Prognostic Value of Multiple Complete Blood Count-Derived Indices in Intermediate Coronary Lesions. Angiology 2023:33197231198678. [PMID: 37646226 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231198678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Complete blood count (CBC)-derived indices have been proposed as reliable inflammatory biomarkers to predict outcomes in the context of coronary artery disease. These indices have yet to be thoroughly validated in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis. Our study included 1527 patients only with intermediate coronary stenosis. The examined variables were neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), system inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). The primary endpoint was the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization. Over a follow-up of 6.11 (5.73-6.55) years, MACEs occurred in 189 patients. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that SIRI outperformed other indices with the most significant area under the curve. In the multivariable analysis, SIRI (hazard ratio [HR] 1.588, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.138-2.212) and AISI (HR 1.673, 95% CI 1.217-2.300) were the most important prognostic factors among all the indices. The discrimination ability of each index was strengthened in patients with less burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. SIRI also exhibited the best incremental value beyond the traditional cardiovascular risk model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Yang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Song
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuting Dong
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Song
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kefei Dou
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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26
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Hong HJ, Nam GS, Nam KS. Daidzein Inhibits Human Platelet Activation by Downregulating Thromboxane A 2 Production and Granule Release, Regardless of COX-1 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11985. [PMID: 37569361 PMCID: PMC10418957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play crucial roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating hemostasis and blood coagulation at sites of blood vessel damage. Accumulating evidence indicates daidzein inhibits platelet activation, but the mechanism involved has not been elucidated. Thus, in this study, we investigated the mechanism responsible for the inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by daidzein. We found that in collagen-induced platelets, daidzein suppressed the production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a molecule involved in platelet activation and aggregation, by inhibiting the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) signaling pathway. However, daidzein did not affect cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Furthermore, daidzein attenuated the PI3K/PDK1/Akt/GSK3αβ and MAPK (p38, ERK) signaling pathways, increased the phosphorylation of inositol trisphosphate receptor1 (IP3R1) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), and increased the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). These results suggest that daidzein inhibits granule release (ATP, serotonin, P-selectin), integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and clot retraction. Taken together, our study demonstrates that daidzein inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation and suggests that daidzein has therapeutic potential for the treatment of platelet aggregation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gi-Suk Nam
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Honam University, 120, Honamdae-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62399, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
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Park GT, Lim JK, Choi EB, Lim MJ, Yun BY, Kim DK, Yoon JW, Hong YG, Chang JH, Bae SH, Ahn JY, Kim JH. Transplantation of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments promotes therapy of critical limb ischemia. Biomater Res 2023; 27:70. [PMID: 37455318 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments are functional vessel segments derived from arterioles, capillaries, and veins. Microvascular fragments can be used as vascularization units in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering containing microvascular networks. However, the in vivo therapeutic and vascularization properties of human microvascular fragments have not been investigated. METHODS In this study, we isolated microvascular fragments, stromal vascular fractions, and mesenchymal stem cells from human lipoaspirate and studied their therapeutic efficacy and in vivo vasculogenic activity in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. In addition, in vivo angiogenic activity and engraftment of microvascular fragments into blood vessels were measured using Matrigel plug assay. RESULTS Both microvascular fragments and stromal vascular fractions contain not only mesenchymal stem cells but also endothelial progenitor cells. In a Matrigel plug assay, microvascular fragments increased the number of blood vessels containing red blood cells more than mesenchymal stem cells and stromal vascular fractions did. The engraftment of the microvascular fragments transplanted in blood vessels within the Matrigel plug significantly increased compared to the engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells and stromal vascular fractions. Moreover, intramuscular injection of microvascular fragments markedly increased blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs and alleviated tissue necrosis compared to that of mesenchymal stem cells or stromal vascular fractions. Furthermore, transplanted microvascular fragments formed new blood vessels in ischemic limbs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that microvascular fragments show improved engraftment efficiency and vasculogenic activity in vivo and are highly useful for treating ischemic diseases and in tissue engineering. Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments are vascularization units in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering containing microvascular networks. Intramuscular injection of microvascular fragments markedly increased blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs and alleviated tissue necrosis. The present study suggests that microvascular fragments show improved engraftment efficiency and vasculogenic activity in vivo and are highly useful for treating ischemic diseases and in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Lim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bae Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Lim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Yun
- UVA Surgery Clinic, Busan, 47537, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Gi Hong
- BS The Body Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Busan, 47287, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chang
- BS The Body Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Busan, 47287, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Bae
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yong Ahn
- UVA Surgery Clinic, Busan, 47537, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Amalia M, Puteri MU, Saputri FC, Sauriasari R, Widyantoro B. Platelet Glycoprotein-Ib (GPIb) May Serve as a Bridge between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Atherosclerosis, Making It a Potential Target for Antiplatelet Agents in T2DM Patients. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1473. [PMID: 37511848 PMCID: PMC10381765 DOI: 10.3390/life13071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic condition that contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have provided evidence that individuals with T2DM are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, typically two to four times more likely than those without T2DM, mainly due to an increased risk of atherosclerosis. The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque leading to pathological thrombosis is commonly recognized as a significant factor in advancing cardiovascular diseases caused by TD2M, with platelets inducing the impact of plaque rupture in established atherosclerosis and predisposing to the primary expansion of atherosclerosis. Studies suggest that individuals with T2DM have platelets that display higher baseline activation and reactivity than those without the condition. The expression enhancement of several platelet receptors is known to regulate platelet activation signaling, including platelet glycoprotein-Ib (GPIb). Furthermore, the high expression of platelet GP1b has been reported to increase the risk of platelet adhesion, platelet-leucocyte interaction, and thrombo-inflammatory pathology. However, the study exploring the role of GP1b in promoting platelet activation-induced cardiovascular diseases in T2DM patients is still limited. Therefore, we summarize the important findings regarding pathophysiological continuity between T2DM, platelet GPIb, and atherosclerosis and highlight the potential therapy targeting GPIb as a novel antiplatelet agent for preventing further cardiovascular incidents in TD2M patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttia Amalia
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Meidi Utami Puteri
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Fadlina Chany Saputri
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Rani Sauriasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Widyantoro
- National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 11420, Indonesia
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Lee WE, Genetzakis E, Figtree GA. Novel Strategies in the Early Detection and Treatment of Endothelial Cell-Specific Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Coronary Artery Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 37507899 PMCID: PMC10376062 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although elevated cholesterol and other recognised cardiovascular risk factors are important in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart attack, the susceptibility of humans to this fatal process is distinct from other animals. Mitochondrial dysfunction of cells in the arterial wall, particularly the endothelium, has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. In this manuscript, we review the established evidence and mechanisms in detail and explore the potential opportunities arising from analysing mitochondrial function in patient-derived cells such as endothelial colony-forming cells easily cultured from venous blood. We discuss how emerging technology and knowledge may allow us to measure mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and risk management. We also discuss the "pros and cons" of animal models of atherosclerosis, and how patient-derived cell models may provide opportunities to develop novel therapies relevant for humans. Finally, we review several targets that potentially alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction working both via direct and indirect mechanisms and evaluate the effect of several classes of compounds in the cardiovascular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian E. Lee
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elijah Genetzakis
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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30
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Zhao Z, Cui X, Liao Z. Mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 in cardiac remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1202730. [PMID: 37416922 PMCID: PMC10322220 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1202730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a basic pathological process that enables the progression of multiple cardiac diseases to heart failure. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is considered a regulator in maintaining energy homeostasis and shows a positive role in preventing damage caused by cardiac diseases. This review mainly summarizes the effects and related mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 21 on pathological processes associated with cardiac remodeling, based on a variety of cells of myocardial tissue. The possibility of Fibroblast growth factor 21 as a promising treatment for the cardiac remodeling process will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuemei Cui
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangping Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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31
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Lee SM, Ahn YM, Park SH, Shin S, Jung J. Reshaping the gut microbiome and bile acid composition by Gyejibongnyeong-hwan ameliorates western diet-induced dyslipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114826. [PMID: 37148862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gyejibongnyeong-hwan (GBH), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in clinical practice to treat blood stasis in metabolic diseases. Herein, we examined the effects of GBH on dyslipidemia and investigated the underlying mechanisms by focusing on modulation of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis by GBH. We utilized a Western diet-induced dyslipidemia mouse model and divided animals into the following four groups (n = 5 each): the normal chow diet, vehicle control (WD), simvastatin (Sim, 10 mg/kg/day simvastatin; positive control), and GBH (GBH, 300 mg/kg/day) groups. The drugs were administered for 10 weeks, and morphological changes in the liver and aorta were analyzed. The mRNA expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism, gut microbiota, and bile acid profiles were also evaluated. The GBH group showed significantly lower levels of total cholesterol, accumulation of lipids, and inflammatory markers in the liver and aorta of Western diet-fed mice. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the GBH group than in the WD group (P < 0.001). The expression of cholesterol excretion-associated genes such as liver X receptor alpha and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 8, as well as the bile acid synthesis gene cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, which lowers cholesterol in circulation, was increased. Furthermore, GBH inhibited the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 signaling pathway through the interactions of gut microbiota with bile acids acting as FXR ligands, which included chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Overall, GBH improved dyslipidemia induced by a Western diet by modulating the gut microbiota-bile acid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Min Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mee Ahn
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Shin
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Cucoranu DC, Pop M, Niculescu R, Kosovski IB, Toganel RO, Licu RA, Bacârea A. Correlation between Coronary Artery Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Computed Tomography Coronary Calcium Scans. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2023; 49:244-250. [PMID: 37779834 PMCID: PMC10541065 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.49.02.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concerns about how non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) might contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have grown as the importance of NAFLD and its relationship to the metabolic syndrome has grown. The purpose of this cross-sectional retrospective is to investigate potential correlations between hepatic steatosis in liver segments seen when measuring calcium score and the presence of atherosclerotic CAD (coronary artery disease). METHODS Two hundred patients (mean age, 57 years±10) who underwent coronary cardiac computed tomography (CT) scans were included. CT scans were analysed to assess the attenuation of liver parenchyma and the coronary artery calcification (CAC). RESULTS Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and CAC score were significantly associated with hepatic steatosis. Among all patients, CAC score (r=-0.31, p<0.0001), and BMI (r=-0.40, p<0.0001) had a moderate negative correlation with the values of liver attenuation. BMI (OR: 1.109, p=0.001), CAC score (OR: 1.629, p<0.001), and age (OR: 1.050, p<0.001) were found to be independent predictors of hepatic steatosis through logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant correlation between CAC score and the presence of NAFLD as evaluated by non-contrast-enhanced CT was demonstrated. BMI, CAC score, and age were identified as independent predictors of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian Pop
- ME1 Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Disease and Transplant of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Raluca Niculescu
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Irina-Bianca Kosovski
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Radu-Ovidiu Toganel
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Razvan-Andrei Licu
- Department of Radiology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca Bacârea
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Zhao Y, Wang H, Chen W, Sun W, Yu X, Sun C, Hua G. Time-resolved simulation of blood flow through left anterior descending coronary artery: effect of varying extent of stenosis on hemodynamics. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:156. [PMID: 36973644 PMCID: PMC10041719 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Real-time blood flow variation is crucial for understanding the dynamic development of coronary atherosclerosis. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of varying extent of stenosis on the hemodynamic features in left anterior descending coronary artery. METHODS Various Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were constructed with patient-specific CT image data, using actual fractional flow reserve (FFR) as boundary conditions to provide a real-time quantitative description of hemodynamic properties. The hemodynamic parameters, such as the local and instantaneous wall shear stress (WSS), oscillating shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT), blood flow velocity and pressure drop during various phases of cardiac cycle were provided in detail. RESULTS There was no evident variation in hemodynamic parameters in the cases of less than 50% stenosis while there were abrupt and dramatic changes in hemodynamics when the stenosis aggravated from 60 to 70%. Furthermore, when the stenosis was beyond 70%, there existed substantial pressure difference, WSS, and blood flow velocity in the center of the stenosis. Although OSI and RRT increased along with the aggravation of stenosis, they appeared with obvious abnormalities across all cases, even in mild stenosis. CONCLUSION The simulation could present a dynamic and comprehensive profile of how hemodynamic parameters vary in accordance with divergent severities of stenosis, which could serve as an effective reference for the clinicians to have a deeper insight into the pathological mechanism of coronary atherosclerosis and stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Zhao
- China University of Mining and Technology, No.1, Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huihui Wang
- Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Wenyue Sun
- Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianchao Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cunjie Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Hua
- China University of Mining and Technology, No.1, Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Wani MJ, Salman KA, Hashmi MA, Siddiqui S, Moin S. Rutin impedes human low-density lipoprotein from non-enzymatic glycation: A mechanistic insight against diabetes-related disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124151. [PMID: 36963546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycation of human low-density protein (LDL) has an essential contribution to cardiovascular diseases. Natural compounds like rutin have been extensively studied in preventing glycation-induced oxidative stress. This study examined rutin's anti-glycation potential with glycated LDL utilizing spectroscopic and in silico methods. Glycated LDL treated with rutin, showed around 80 % inhibition in advanced glycation end-product production. Carbonyl content and lipid peroxidation like assays were used to establish the development of oxidative stress. Rutin was seen to lower the generation of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Using thioflavin t-test and electron microscopy, rutin was suggested to restore the structural disturbances in glycated LDL. Moreover, CD spectroscopy suggested reinstation of secondary structure of glycated LDL treated with rutin. Mechanistic insights between rutin and LDL were observed through spectroscopic measures. Molecular docking study confirmed the LDL-rutin binding with a binding energy of -10.0 kcal/mol. The rutin-LDL complex was revealed to be highly stable by molecular dynamics simulation, with RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and the secondary structure of LDL remaining essentially unchanged during the simulation period. Our study suggests that rutin possesses strong anti-glycating properties, which can be useful in therapeutics, as glycated LDL has an important role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Junaid Wani
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
| | - Khushtar Anwar Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Md Amiruddin Hashmi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Sana Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Shagufta Moin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
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Yuan H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Dong JF, Zhao Z. Transcription factors in megakaryocytes and platelets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140501. [PMID: 36969155 PMCID: PMC10034027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors bind promoter or regulatory sequences of a gene to regulate its rate of transcription. However, they are also detected in anucleated platelets. The transcription factors RUNX1, GATA1, STAT3, NFκB, and PPAR have been widely reported to play key roles in the pathophysiology of platelet hyper-reactivity, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. These non-transcriptional activities are independent of gene transcription or protein synthesis but their underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. Genetic and acquired defects in these transcription factors are associated with the production of platelet microvesicles that are known to initiate and propagate coagulation and to promote thrombosis. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the study of transcription factors in platelet generation, reactivity, and production of microvesicles, with a focus on non-transcriptional activities of selected transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yafan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-fei Dong
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zilong Zhao, ; Jing-fei Dong,
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zilong Zhao, ; Jing-fei Dong,
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Zhang X, Centurion F, Misra A, Patel S, Gu Z. Molecularly targeted nanomedicine enabled by inorganic nanoparticles for atherosclerosis diagnosis and treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 194:114709. [PMID: 36690300 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic cardiovascular disease caused by plaque development in arteries, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by the expression and regulation of key molecules such as cell surface receptors, cytokines, and signaling pathway proteins, potentially facilitating precise diagnosis and treatment on a molecular level by specifically targeting the characteristic molecules. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the past five years on developing molecularly targeted nanomedicine for imaging detection and treatment of atherosclerosis with the use of inorganic nanoparticles. Through targeted delivery of imaging contrast nanoparticles to specific molecules in atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque development at different stages could be identified and monitored via various molecular imaging modalities. We also review molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches that target and regulate molecules associated with lipid regulation, inflammation, and apoptosis. The review is concluded with discussion on current challenges and future development of nanomedicine for atherosclerotic diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Franco Centurion
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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37
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Salzmann M, Platzer H, Mussbacher M, Derler M, Lenz M, Haider P, Brekalo M, Kral-Pointner JB, Kastl S, Speidl WS, Preissner KT, Schubert U, Bischoff M, Uhrin P, Wojta J, Hohensinner PJ. Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein (Eap) reduces immune cell phenotype in developing but not in established atherosclerotic lesions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166616. [PMID: 36513287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the vessel wall where triggered immune cells bind to inflamed endothelium, extravasate and sustain local inflammation. Leukocyte adhesion and extravasation are mediated by adhesion molecules expressed by activated endothelial cells, like intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Extracellular adherence protein (Eap) from Staphylococcus aureus binds to a plethora of extracellular matrix proteins, including ICAM-1 and its ligands macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1, αMβ2) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1, αLβ2), thereby disrupting the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells. We aimed to use Eap to inhibit the interaction of leukocytes with activated endothelial cells in settings of developing and established atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficient mice on high-fat diet. In developing atherosclerosis, Eap treatment reduced circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates as well as infiltration of T cells and neutrophils into the growing plaque, accompanied by reduced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, plaque size did not change. Intervention treatment with Eap of already established plaques did not result in cellular or morphological plaque changes, whereas T cell infiltration was increased and thereby again modulated by Eap. We conclude that although Eap leads to cellular changes in developing plaques, clinical implications might be limited as patients are usually treated at a more advanced stage of disease progression. Hence, usage of Eap might be an interesting mechanistic tool for cellular infiltration during plaque development in basic research but not a clinical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Harald Platzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 46, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martina Derler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 46, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Max Lenz
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patrick Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mira Brekalo
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Kastl
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Research Institute, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 129, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Schubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, 66424 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Schwarzspanierstraße 17A, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philipp J Hohensinner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Abedalqader NN, Rababa'h AM, Ababneh M. The protective effect of rivaroxaban with or without aspirin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and platelet reactivity in isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:337-351. [PMID: 36334131 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery diseases are principal sources of mortality and disability in global human population. Progressively, rivaroxaban is being evaluated for the prevention of atherosclerotic thrombi, particularly with anti-platelet agents. Hence, the current report aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of rivaroxaban on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac injury model in rats and the possible synergistic effect when combined with aspirin. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five different groups. Cardiac injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days. Rat tail bleeding time was performed prior to sacrifice. Cardiac enzymes, platelet activity, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Pre-administration of rivaroxaban alone and on combination with aspirin prevented ISO-induced increase in cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels. Moreover, a significant prolongation of bleeding time was demonstrated among aspirin, rivaroxaban, and aspirin plus rivaroxaban treated groups. On the other hand, the combination treatment of aspirin plus rivaroxaban showed no marked difference in these biomarkers and bleeding time relative to either drug administered separately. However, a prominent decrease of cardiac 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α) level was displayed in the combination treatment when compared with ISO and rivaroxaban-treated groups, whereas no significant improvement was seen in cardiac glycoprotein V (GPV) levels except in aspirin-treated group. The study results demonstrated that rivaroxaban decreases cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and platelets reactivity. However, the addition of rivaroxaban to aspirin did not seem to show synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antiplatelet effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour N Abedalqader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Abeer M Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mera Ababneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Wajihah SA, Sankar DS. A review on non-Newtonian fluid models for multi-layered blood rheology in constricted arteries. ARCHIVE OF APPLIED MECHANICS = INGENIEUR-ARCHIV 2023; 93:1771-1796. [PMID: 36743075 PMCID: PMC9886544 DOI: 10.1007/s00419-023-02368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Haemodynamics is a branch of fluid mechanics which investigates the features of blood when it flows not only via blood vessels of smaller/larger diameter, but also under normal as well as abnormal flow states, such as in the presence of stenosis, aneurysm, and thrombosis. This review aims to discuss the rheological properties of blood, geometry of constrictions, dilations and the emergence of single-layered fluid to four-layered fluid models. To discuss further the influence of the aforesaid parameters on the physiologically important flow quantities, the mathematical formulation and solution methodology of the two-layered and four layered arterial blood flow problems studied by the authors (Afiqah and Sankar in ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 15:1129--1143, 2020, Comput Methods Programs Biomed 199:105907, 2021. 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105907) are recalled. It should be pointed out that the increasing resistive impedance to flow in three distinct states encompassing healthy, anaemic, and diabetic demonstrates that the greater the restriction in the artery, very few blood is carried to the pathetic organs, leading to subjects' death. It is also discovered that the pulsatile nature of blood movement produces a dynamic environment that poses a slew of intriguing and unstable fluid mechanical state. It is hoped that the intriguing results gathered from this literature survey and review conducted may help the medical practitioners to forecast blood behaviour mobility in stenotic arteries. Furthermore, the physiological information gathered from the available clinical data from the literature on patients diagnosed with diabetes and anaemia may be beneficial to doctors in deciding the therapeutic procedure for treating some particular cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Afiqah Wajihah
- Applied Mathematics and Economics Programme Area, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
| | - D. S. Sankar
- Applied Mathematics and Economics Programme Area, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
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Aluminum Nanoparticles Affect Human Platelet Function In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032547. [PMID: 36768869 PMCID: PMC9916829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoprostheses are prone to tribological wear and biological processes that lead to the release of particles, including aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs). Those particles can diffuse into circulation. However, the toxic effects of NPs on platelets have not been comprehensively analyzed. The aim of our work was to investigate the impact of Al NPs on human platelet function using a novel quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) methodology. Moreover, a suite of assays, including light transmission aggregometry, flow cytometry, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, were utilized. All Al NPs caused a significant increase in dissipation (D) and frequency (F), indicating platelet aggregation even at the lowest tested concentration (0.5 µg/mL), except for the largest (80 nm) Al NPs. A size-dependent effect on platelet aggregation was observed for the 5-20 nm NPs and the 30-50 nm NPs, with the larger Al NPs causing smaller increases in D and F; however, this was not observed for the 20-30 nm NPs. In conclusion, our study showed that small (5-50 nm) Al NPs caused platelet aggregation, and larger (80 nm) caused a bridging-penetrating effect in entering platelets, resulting in the formation of heterologous platelet-Al NPs structures. Therefore, physicians should consider monitoring NP serum levels and platelet activation indices in patients with orthopedic implants.
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Li X, Du H, Li J, Chen X. Intracranial artery calcification as an independent predictor of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:21. [PMID: 36647035 PMCID: PMC9841662 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The association between intracranial artery calcification (IAC) and the risk of ischemic stroke occurrence or poor prognosis had not yet been fully understood. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies aimed to assess whether IAC can be used to predict future ischemic stroke and post-stroke mortality. METHODS Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched up to June 30, 2022. Studies were included if they reported risk ratio (RR) or odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of stroke concerning the presence of IAC. Random or fixed effects model meta-analyses were performed. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Stata version 16.0. RESULTS Twelve studies involving 9346 participants were included. Compared with those without IAC, patients with IAC had a higher risk of stroke occurrence (adjusted OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18-2.23, P = 0.001) and stroke recurrence (adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.25-2.51, P = 0.003). However, we did not find a significant correlation between IAC and post-stroke mortality (pooled OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.80-1.56, P = 0.504). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the presence of IAC was identified as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke occurrence and recurrence but is not a predictor of post-stroke mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelong Li
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Heng Du
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jia Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chaudhary P, Singh D, Swapnil P, Meena M, Janmeda P. Euphorbia neriifolia (Indian Spurge Tree): A Plant of Multiple Biological and Pharmacological Activities. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:1225. [DOI: 10.3390/su15021225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although India has a well-established and growing economy surrounding synthetic drug chemistry with an antibiotic base, a large part of the population, especially in forested villages and tribal belts, is relying solely on plant-derived drugs. This is due to a lower number of side effects, low chances of resistance development against pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the diversity and affordability of such drugs. In the Indian subcontinents, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. (EN) is one of the valuable plants from the big family of Euphorbiaceae, which is usually found in rocky and hilly areas. E. neriifolia was found to be useful in curing tumors, abdominal swelling, bronchial infection, hydrophobia, earache, cough and cold, asthma, leprosy, gonorrhea, spleen enlargement, leucoderma, snake bites, scorpion stings, and causing appetite improvement, etc. Different in vitro and in vivo experimental studies were performed to determine the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, wound healing, anti-atherosclerosis, radioprotective, anti-anxiety, anti-convulsant, anti-psychotic, anti-thrombotic, dermal irritation, hemolytic, analgesic, anti-fertility, diuretic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal, and anti-carcinogenic activities of the various parts of EN. Several bioactive compounds, such as euphol, nerifoliol, taraxerol, euphonerins A–G, lectin, etc., were isolated from E. neriifolia and need to be investigated further for various biological activities (cardiovascular and neuronal diseases). In the pharmaceutical sector, E. neriifolia was selected for the development of new drugs due to its broad pharmacological activities. Therefore, in the present review, distribution, classification, morphological and microscopical description, phytochemical investigation, pharmacological activities, medicinal uses, harmful effects, and their treatment were evaluated, especially against different lifestyle-related diseases.
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Dhoisne M, Puy L, Bretzner M, Bricout N, Behal H, Cordonnier C, Henon H. Early reocclusion after successful mechanical thrombectomy for large artery occlusion-related stroke. Int J Stroke 2023:17474930221148894. [PMID: 36537618 DOI: 10.1177/17474930221148894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite initial successful recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy (MT), some patients with large artery occlusion (LAO)-related stroke will experience an early reocclusion of the injured vessel which may worsen their prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, associated factors and prognosis of early reocclusion after successful MT in a large prospective cohort of stroke patients with LAO. METHODS We included patients from the Lille reperfusion registry with LAO-related stroke involving M1 segment, internal carotid artery terminus or tandem ICA-M1 occlusion, with successful recanalization after MT and available 24 h imaging follow-up. Early reocclusion was defined as internal carotid artery terminus or M1 occlusion on 24 h magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) vascular imaging. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with early reocclusion and its impact on outcomes. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2020, 62 of 1015 included patients experienced an early reocclusion (6.1%). Age (odds ratio (OR) per 15 years decrease: 1.38 (1.05-1.81)) antiplatelet use (OR: 0.41 (0.19-0.89)), several device passes (OR: 2.13 (1.18-3.83)), atherosclerosis cause (OR: 2.38 (1.19-4.78)), and early clinical worsening (OR: 2.45 (1.18-5.07)) were independently associated with early reocclusion. Early reocclusion was independently associated with poor prognosis (OR: 7.15 (3.49-14.65)) and mortality (OR: 2.05 (1.07-3.91)) at 3 months. CONCLUSION Six percent of patients with LAO-related stroke and initial successful recanalization experienced early reocclusion. This event is associated with a 7-fold increased risk of poor functional outcome and a 2-fold increased risk of mortality. Further efforts are warranted to refine early detection of patients at risk of reocclusion and to improve their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Dhoisne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Puy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Martin Bretzner
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Bricout
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Helene Behal
- CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Hilde Henon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
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Bhatt S, Devadoss T, Jha NK, Baidya M, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K. Targeting inflammation: a potential approach for the treatment of depression. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:45-59. [PMID: 36239867 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) or Depression is one of the serious neuropsychiatric disorders affecting over 280 million people worldwide. It is 4th important cause of disability, poor quality of life, and economic burden. Women are more affected with the depression as compared to men and severe depression can lead to suicide. Most of the antidepressants predominantly work through the modulation on the availability of monoaminergic neurotransmitter (NTs) levels in the synapse. Current antidepressants have limited efficacy and tolerability. Moreover, treatment resistant depression (TRD) is one of the main causes for failure of standard marketed antidepressants. Recently, inflammation has also emerged as a crucial factor in pathological progression of depression. Proinflammatory cytokine levels are increased in depressive patients. Antidepressant treatment may attenuate depression via modulation of pathways of inflammation, transformation in structure of brain, and synaptic plasticity. Hence, targeting inflammation may be emerged as an effective approach for the treatment of depression. The present review article will focus on the preclinical and clinical studies that targets inflammation. In addition, it also concentrates on the therapeutic approaches' that targets depression via influence on the inflammatory signaling pathways. Graphical abstract demonstrate the role of various factors in the progression and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress. It also exhibits the association of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shvetank Bhatt
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Maharashtra, 411038, Pune, India.
| | - Thangaraj Devadoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Mumbai Agra Highway, Maharashtra, 424001, Dhule, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moushumi Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, 700109, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharat Pharmaceutical Technology, 799130, Agartala, West Tripura, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, 248007, Dehradun, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Ghose D, Swain S, Patra CN, Jena BR, Rao MEB. Advancement and Applications of Platelet-inspired Nanoparticles: A Paradigm for Cancer Targeting. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:213-237. [PMID: 35352648 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220329111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-inspired nanoparticles have ignited the possibility of new opportunities for producing similar biological particulates, such as structural cellular and vesicular components, as well as various viral forms, to improve biocompatible features that could improve the nature of biocompatible elements and enhance therapeutic efficacy. The simplicity and more effortless adaptability of such biomimetic techniques uplift the delivery of the carriers laden with cellular structures, which has created varied opportunities and scope of merits like; prolongation in circulation and alleviating immunogenicity improvement of the site-specific active targeting. Platelet-inspired nanoparticles or medicines are the most recent nanotechnology-based drug targeting systems used mainly to treat blood-related disorders, tumors, and cancer. The present review encompasses the current approach of platelet-inspired nanoparticles or medicines that have boosted the scientific community from versatile fields to advance biomedical sciences. Surprisingly, this knowledge has streamlined to development of newer diagnostic methods, imaging techniques, and novel nanocarriers, which might further help in the treatment protocol of the various diseased conditions. The review primarily focuses on the novel advancements and recent patents in nanoscience and nanomedicine that could be streamlined in the future for the management of progressive cancers and tumor targeting. Rigorous technological advancements like biomimetic stem cells, pH-sensitive drug delivery of nanoparticles, DNA origami devices, virosomes, nano cells like exosomes mimicking nanovesicles, DNA nanorobots, microbots, etc., can be implemented effectively for target-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Ghose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, 760 010, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769015, India
| | - Suryakanta Swain
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, The Assam Kaziranga University, Koraikhowa, NH-37, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Chinam Niranjan Patra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, 760 010, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769015, India
| | - Bikash Ranjan Jena
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Muddana Eswara Bhanoji Rao
- Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and AHS, Banitabla, Uluberia, Howrah, 711316, West Bengal, India
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Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Bletsa E, Stampouloglou PK, Oikonomou E, Kalogeras K, Katsarou O, Pesiridis T, Vavuranakis M, Tousoulis D. Antithrombotic Treatment in Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2764-2779. [PMID: 37644793 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230830105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease exhibits growing mortality and morbidity worldwide despite the advances in pharmacotherapy and coronary intervention. Coronary artery disease is classified in the acute coronary syndromes and chronic coronary syndromes according to the most recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. Antithrombotic treatment is the cornerstone of therapy in coronary artery disease due to the involvement of atherothrombosis in the pathophysiology of the disease. Administration of antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants and fibrinolytics reduce ischemic risk, which is amplified early post-acute coronary syndromes or post percutaneous coronary intervention; though, antithrombotic treatment increases the risk for bleeding. The balance between ischemic and bleeding risk is difficult to achieve and is affected by patient characteristics, procedural parameters, concomitant medications and pharmacologic characteristics of the antithrombotic agents. Several pharmacological strategies have been evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease, such as the effectiveness and safety of antithrombotic agents, optimal dual antiplatelet treatment schemes and duration, aspirin de-escalation strategies of dual antiplatelet regimens, dual inhibition pathway strategies as well as triple antithrombotic therapy. Future studies are needed in order to investigate the gaps in our knowledge, including special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kalogeras
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ourania Katsarou
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Theodoros Pesiridis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Humphreys SJ, Whyte CS, Mutch NJ. "Super" SERPINs-A stabilizing force against fibrinolysis in thromboinflammatory conditions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1146833. [PMID: 37153474 PMCID: PMC10155837 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1146833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) are a class of inhibitors that utilise a dynamic conformational change to trap and inhibit their target enzymes. Their powerful nature lends itself well to regulation of complex physiological enzymatic cascades, such as the haemostatic, inflammatory and complement pathways. The SERPINs α2-antiplasmin, plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1, plasminogen-activator inhibitor-2, protease nexin-1, and C1-inhibitor play crucial inhibitory roles in regulation of the fibrinolytic system and inflammation. Elevated levels of these SERPINs are associated with increased risk of thrombotic complications, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Conversely, deficiencies of these SERPINs have been linked to hyperfibrinolysis with bleeding and angioedema. In recent years SERPINs have been implicated in the modulation of the immune response and various thromboinflammatory conditions, such as sepsis and COVID-19. Here, we highlight the current understanding of the physiological role of SERPINs in haemostasis and inflammatory disease progression, with emphasis on the fibrinolytic pathway, and how this becomes dysregulated during disease. Finally, we consider the role of these SERPINs as potential biomarkers of disease progression and therapeutic targets for thromboinflammatory diseases.
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Colombo A, Franchi E, Lääperi M, Laaksonen R, Chiesa G. Effect of Diets on Plasma and Aorta Lipidome: A Study in the apoE Knockout Mouse Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200367. [PMID: 36419336 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Specific lipid molecules circulating in plasma at low concentrations have emerged as biomarkers of atherosclerotic risk. The aim of the present study is that of evaluating, in an athero-prone mouse model, how different diets can affect plasma and aorta lipidome. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six apoE knockout mice are divided in three groups and feed 12 weeks with diets differing for cholesterol and fatty acid content. Atherosclerosis is measured at the aortic sinus and aorta. Lipids are quantified in plasma and aorta with mass spectrometry. The cholesterol content of the diets is the main driver of lipid accumulation in plasma and aorta. The fatty acid composition of the diets affects plasma levels both of essential (linoleic acid) and nonessential (myristic and arachidonic acid) ones. Lipidomics show a comparable distribution, in plasma and aorta, of the main lipid components of oxidized LDL, including cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidylcholines. Interestingly, lactosylceramide, glucosyl/galactosylceramide, and individual ceramide species are found to accumulate in diseased aortic segments. CONCLUSION Both the cholesterol and fatty acid content of the diets profoundly affect plasma lipidome. Aorta lipidome is likewise affected with the accumulation of specific lipids known as markers of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alice Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, 02150, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
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Circulating Regulatory B-Lymphocytes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 10:jcdd10010002. [PMID: 36661897 PMCID: PMC9865555 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays on important role in plaque instability and acute coronary syndromes. The anti-inflammatory effects of B-regulatory lymphocytes (B-regs) in atherosclerosis was tested mainly in animal models with inconclusive results. Herein, we studied for the first time, levels of circulating B-regs in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: We examined circulating levels of B-regs by flow cytometry in 29 patients with recent ST-segment elevation MI and 18 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and coronary artery disease. We re-assessed B-reg levels on average 4 months later. Results: The mean level of CD20+ cells was similar in patients with MI and patients with SAP (p = 0.60). The levels of CD24hiCD38hi cells among CD20+ cells were 5.7 ± 4% and 11.6 ± 6% in patients with MI and SAP, respectively, (p < 0.001). The level of CD24hiCD38hi B-regs remained related to acute MI after correcting for age, gender, and risk factors. Circulating levels of CD24hiCD38hi B-regs in patients with MI did not change significantly at follow-up in a small patient groups (p = 0.408). Conclusions: Circulating B-regs are reduced in patients with MI compared to patients with SAP. This finding may shed further light on the inflammatory pathophysiologic factors related to plaque rupture.
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Prognostic Signature for Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment of Ischemic Cerebral Infarction by Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9973232. [PMID: 36560962 PMCID: PMC9767723 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9973232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent studies, stem cell-based therapy is a potential new approach in the treatment of stroke. The mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUMSC) transplantation as one of the new approaches in the treatment of ischemic stroke is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the traits of immune responses during stroke progression after treatment with human umbilical cord blood MSCs by bioinformatics, to predict potential prognostic biomarkers that could lead to sex differences, and to reveal potential therapeutic targets. The microarray dataset GSE78731 (mRNA profile) of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, two potentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the Bioconductor R package. Ultimately, 30 specific DEGs were obtained (22 upregulated and 353 downregulated). Next, bioinformatic analysis was performed on these specific DEGs. We performed a comparison for the differentially expressed genes screened from between the hUMSC and MCAO groups. Gene Ontology enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses were then performed for annotation and visualization. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation analysis shows that DEGs are mainly enriched in leukocyte migration, neutrophil activation, neutrophil degranulation, the external side of plasma membrane, cytokine receptor binding, and carbohydrate binding. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the first 5 enrichment pathways were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signal pathway, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and phagosome. The top 10 key genes of the constructed PPI network were screened, including Cybb, Ccl2, Cd68, Ptprc, C5ar1, Il-1b, Tlr2, Itgb2, Itgax, and Cd44. In summary, hUMSC is likely to be a promising means of treating IS by immunomodulation.
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