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Subu MA, Dias JM, Mottershead R, Ahmed FR, Narulita S, Maryuni M, Zakiyah Z, Nurbaeti I, Mohamed Al Marzouqi A, Al-Yateem N. Exploring mental health stigma among Indonesian healthcare students towards individuals with mental illnesses: a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2327103. [PMID: 38465669 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2327103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social disapproval or stigma surrounding mental illness contributes to the postponement of individuals seeking assistance and frequently undermines therapeutic alliances between mental illness sufferers and health care professionals. AIMS This study explored perceptions and attitudes towards individuals with mental illness among college healthcare students in Indonesia. METHODS This study used a qualitative method. Twenty five students enrolled in six healthcare programs were interviewed using a semi structured format. The data analysis adopted a thematic analysis. RESULTS Our thematic analysis generated four main themes: (1) general perceptions of mental health and mental illness; (2) knowledge about mental illness; (3) mental health stigma; and (4) mental health stigma campaigns. CONCLUSIONS The participants exhibited positive perceptions of mentally ill people. Students understood mental health, and they exhibited positive attitudes toward mentally ill people. Some students have stigma and lack of confidence to assist those who have mental illness. Further efforts are required to acquaint students with mental health issues and facilitate their interaction with mentally ill individuals. Anti-stigma campaigns are required to combat the pervasive stigmatization of individuals with mental illness. It is recommended to conduct a more extensive study about the stigma that students encounter in relation to mentally ill individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arsyad Subu
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jacqueline Maria Dias
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard Mottershead
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Refaat Ahmed
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sari Narulita
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maryuni Maryuni
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zakiyah Zakiyah
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irma Nurbaeti
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alounoud Mohamed Al Marzouqi
- Department of Health Service Administration, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Senitan M, Alhabeeb AA, Althumairi NA, Alqahtani MMJ, Al-Duraihem RA, BinDhim NF. Perceptions of mental disorder causes, treatments, and prevention among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1404957. [PMID: 38979506 PMCID: PMC11228287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1404957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the community's perception of mental health in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing its influence on attitudes toward the causes, treatment, and prevention of mental health issues. This understanding is vital for creating evidence-based mental health interventions. A cross-sectional national mental health screening was conducted in 2023, utilizing proportional quota sampling for age, gender, and regional representation among 4547 Saudi participants aged 18-90, randomly selected from national databases. Data were gathered using the ZDataCloud system. The study covered all 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia: Riyadh, Makkah, Madinah, Qassim, Eastern Province, Asir, Tabuk, Hail, Northern Borders, Jazan, Najran, Baha, and Al-Jouf. The majority (86.5%) had no personal history of mental health diagnosis or treatment. Key findings identified psychological trauma (78.36%) and substance abuse (72.88%) as primary perceived causes of mental disorders. Preferred treatments included non-pharmacological psychotherapies (74.97%) and pharmacological methods (71.08%). Prevention strategies focused on raising awareness of mental illness (80.4%) and enhancing positive relationships (70.6%). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between demographic variables and perceptions of mental disorder causes, treatments, and prevention strategies. Females were more likely than males to perceive psychological trauma, drug and alcohol abuse, and domestic violence and sexual harassment as causes of mental disorders. Regarding treatments, females and those with personal or close connections to mental health issues were more likely to endorse non-pharmacological psychotherapy and Roquia in the Qur'an. For prevention strategies, females, those with a mental health diagnosis, and those living with someone diagnosed with a mental disorder were more likely to endorse increasing awareness, positive social relationships, and physical activity. The study suggests integrating religious and social beliefs into mental health programs to enhance community engagement and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Senitan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Nasser F BinDhim
- Informed Decision-Making Research and Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Darban F, Safarzai E, Sabzevari S, Heydarikhayat N. Schizophrenia: jinn, magic or disease? Experiences of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Baloch ethnicity. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:827. [PMID: 37957633 PMCID: PMC10644590 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultural and religious beliefs are effective on people's attitudes towards schizophrenia and their help-seeking behaviors. This study aimed to explain the experiences of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Baloch ethnicity. METHODS This is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was used and 21 participants, including family caregiver for patients with schizophrenia, a psychologist, a prayer-writer, and a normal person were interviewed in Sistan and Balochistan province in the southeast of Iran. Qualitative data were analyzed by Granheim and Lundman method. RESULTS One main theme, three categories, and 10 Sub-categories were extracted from analysis of interviews. "Immersion in the cultural beliefs" was the main theme of the study with categories of "Belief in the superstitious and supernatural nature of the psychological disease", "Superstitious beliefs, an attempt to free the patient", and "Conflict between cultural beliefs and science". CONCLUSIONS Help-seeking behaviors of family caregivers in Baloch ethnicity are influenced by their religious, superstitious, and cultural beliefs. Psycho-education should be part of all mental health education programs in these communities, as delays in treatment worsen the prognosis of people with schizophrenia. Training the medical staff to consider the culture, religion and therapeutic preferences of the Baloch people can be effective in advancing the goals. In addition, local influencers should stress the importance of health care alongside harmless local remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Darban
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Safarzai
- Department of Nursing, Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Sabzevari
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nastaran Heydarikhayat
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Daher-Nashif S, Stambouli M, Alhuwailah A, Helmy M, Shuwiekh HAM, Mohamed Lemine CMF, Radwan E, Saquib J, Saquib N, Fawaz M, Zarrouq B, Naser AY, Obeid S, Saleh M, Haider S, Miloud L, Badrasawi M, Hamdan-Mansour A, Barbato M, Motwakil Bakhiet A, Khalil NS, Adawi S, Grein F, Loch AA, Cheour M, Hallit S. Mental illness stigma as a moderator in the relationship between religiosity and help-seeking attitudes among Muslims from 16 Arab countries. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1671. [PMID: 37649023 PMCID: PMC10469418 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the potential barriers responsible for delaying access to care, and elucidating pathways to early intervention should be a priority, especially in Arab countries where mental health resources are limited. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the relationship between religiosity, stigma and help-seeking in an Arab Muslim cultural background. Hence, we propose in the present study to test the moderating role of stigma toward mental illness in the relationship between religiosity and help-seeking attitudes among Muslim community people living in different Arab countries. METHOD The current survey is part of a large-scale multinational collaborative project (StIgma of Mental Problems in Arab CounTries [The IMPACT Project]). We carried-out a web-based cross-sectional, and multi-country study between June and November 2021. The final sample comprised 9782 Arab Muslim participants (mean age 29.67 ± 10.80 years, 77.1% females). RESULTS Bivariate analyses showed that less stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness and higher religiosity levels were significantly associated with more favorable help-seeking attitudes. Moderation analyses revealed that the interaction religiosity by mental illness stigma was significantly associated with help-seeking attitudes (Beta = .005; p < .001); at low and moderate levels of stigma, higher religiosity was significantly associated with more favorable help-seeking attitudes. CONCLUSION Our findings preliminarily suggest that mental illness stigma is a modifiable individual factor that seems to strengthen the direct positive effect of religiosity on help-seeking attitudes. This provides potential insights on possible anti-stigma interventions that might help overcome reluctance to counseling in highly religious Arab Muslim communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Department of Psychiatry Ibn OmraneThe Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Suhad Daher-Nashif
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manel Stambouli
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Psychiatry Ibn OmraneThe Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mai Helmy
- Psychology department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Psychology department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Menofia Governorate, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eqbal Radwan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Juliann Saquib
- College of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Department, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Bukariyah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Department, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Bukariyah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mirna Fawaz
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Btissame Zarrouq
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Maan Saleh
- Department of Psychiatry Khobar, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanad Haider
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Behavioral Sciences Dep. A, Aden, Yemen
| | - Lahmer Miloud
- The National Centre of Research in Social and Cultural Anthropology, Oran, Algeria
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | - Mariapaola Barbato
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, UAE
| | | | | | - Samir Adawi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Behavioural Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Alexandre Andrade Loch
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores Em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico E Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Majda Cheour
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Psychiatry Ibn OmraneThe Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, P.O. Box 446, Lebanon.
- Research and Psychiatry Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
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Baklola M, Terra M, Elzayat MA, Abdelhady D, El-Gilany AH, Collaborators ATO. Pattern, barriers, and predictors of mental health care utilization among Egyptian undergraduates: a cross-sectional multi-centre study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:139. [PMID: 36879216 PMCID: PMC9990190 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health disorders are a major public health concern especially among undergraduates, globally and within Egypt. Most individuals suffering from mental illnesses either do not seek care at all or seek it only after a large delay. It is therefore critical to identify the barriers that prevent them from seeking professional help to solve the problem from its roots. Thus, the objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of psychological distress, the need for professional mental health care, and the barriers to seeking available services among undergraduate students in Egypt. METHODS A proportionate allocation technique was used to recruit 3240 undergraduates from 21 universities. Symptoms of psychological distress were evaluated using the Arabic General Health Questionnaire (AGHQ-28) and a score of above nine was used to identify positive cases. The pattern for utilization of mental health care was assessed using a multi-choice question and barriers to mental health care were assessed using the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE- 30) tool. Logistic regression was adopted to identify the predictors of psychological distress and seeking professional health care. RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress was 64.7% and the need for professional mental health care was 90.3% of those with psychological distress. The top barrier to receiving professional mental health services was wanting to solve the problem on their own. Logistic regression revealed that female sex, living away from family and positive family history of mental disorders were independent predictors of psychological distress. Students from urban backgrounds were more likely to seek help than students from rural ones. While age above 20 and positive family history of mental disorders were independent predictors for seeking professional help. There is no significant difference between medical and non-medical students in terms of psychological distress. CONCLUSION The findings of the study showed there is a high prevalence of psychological distress and a lot of instrumental and attitudinal related barriers to seeking mental health care and highlighted the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address the mental health of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Baklola
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
- Alpha Research Organization (ARO), Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Terra
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
- Alpha Research Organization (ARO), Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Elzayat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Alpha Research Organization (ARO), Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdelhady
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Al Omari O, Khalaf A, Al Sabei S, Wynaden D, Ballad CA, Al Dameery K, Al Qadire M. Associated factors of stigma toward people with mental illness among university and school students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:1736-1743. [PMID: 34866189 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the associated factors of stigma towards people with mental illness among Omani school and university students. DESIGN AND METHOD A cross-sectional study among 371 school and university students with a multivariable linear regression model to identify the associated factors of personal and perceptions of stigma. RESULTS Male students, those with highly educated mothers, have high monthly income, higher mental health knowledge, employed fathers, and received focused education on mental illness showed fewer stigmatizing attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Enhancing the knowledge about mental illness among school and university students and their families can play a significant role in reversing stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Omari
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Atika Khalaf
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | - Dianne Wynaden
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Mohammad Al Qadire
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,College of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Jordan
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Ghuloum S, Mahfoud ZR, Al-Amin H, Marji T, Kehyayan V. Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes Toward Patients With Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study in Qatar. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:884947. [PMID: 35651821 PMCID: PMC9148967 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.884947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative attitudes toward mental illness by Health Care Professionals (HCP) have been reported in many countries across the world. Stigmatizing attitudes by HCP can have adverse consequences on people with mental illness from delays in seeking help to decreased quality of care provided. Assessing such attitudes is an essential step in understanding such stigma and, if needed, developing and testing appropriate and culturally adapted interventions to reduce it. AIMS To assess physicians and nurses attitudes toward mental illness and to determine associated factors with different levels of stigma. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Physicians and Nurses. The Mental Illness Clinician's Attitudes (MICA) scale was used to assess attitudes toward mental illness. MICA scores range between 1 and 6 with higher values indicating higher stigmatizing attitudes. Demographic and work related information were also gathered. Descriptive statistics along with multivariate linear and multivariate logistic regression models were used. RESULTS A total of 406 nurses and 92 doctors participated in the study. The nurses' mean MICA score was significantly higher than that of the physicians. Among nurses, being Asian and working in a geriatric, rehabilitation and long-term care facility were associated with lower MICA scores. Among physicians, being female or graduating more than 1 year ago were also associated with lower MICA scores. CONCLUSION Stigmatizing attitudes toward people with mental illness by healthcare workers are present in Qatar. They are higher among nurses as compared to physicians. Factors associated with higher stigmatizing attitudes could be used in creating appropriate intervention to reduce the magnitude of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziyad R Mahfoud
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Hassen Al-Amin
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Tamara Marji
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vahe Kehyayan
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Balay-Odao EM, Alquwez N, Al Thobaity A, Al Otaibi K, Alsakran YAA, Cruz JP. Behind male Saudi nursing students' mental health facade: a husserlian phenomenological approach. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:249. [PMID: 34886855 PMCID: PMC8662872 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every person has a persona (or mask) which is the façade that every person shows to the world. Thus, males use façade to reveal or conceal their true feelings and emotions. Also, the male uses mental health façade to protect themselves from prejudice and judgment. Thus, the study aimed to explore the experiences of male Saudi nursing students of mental health. METHOD Husserl's descriptive phenomenology was used as a guiding lens to explore. Eleven participants were involved in the study by using the referral sampling technique. An unstructured interview was performed to gather information from the participants. The seven steps of the descriptive Colaizzi process were followed to investigate and examine the obtained data. The credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability, and reflexivity criteria were observed to ensure the rigor of the study. RESULTS The findings have two major themes. The first theme is the unadulterated smile that describes optimism in the family and mutual guarantee. The second theme is the orchestrated smile, which describes avoiding diverting burdens, social responsibility, protection of self, and reputation. CONCLUSIONS The findings document that the mental health façade of male Saudi nursing students is associated with the expectation of family optimism, mutual guarantee, the expectation of society, and self-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahed Alquwez
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalaf Al Otaibi
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jonas Preposi Cruz
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Firdos S, Amanullah M, Mobarki AO. Labeled As Mentally Ill: Community Perspective Toward Mental Illness in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2021; 13:e20127. [PMID: 34984157 PMCID: PMC8720389 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Communities hold different opinions toward mentally ill people and treat them negatively, irrespective of their behavior. Differences in beliefs can impact not only affected individuals but the entire network and opportunities. This study aimed to examine beliefs about mental illness among different populations of the Saudi community. Methodology This descriptive study was conducted among 840 participants from several groups (different family roles, professions, medical and non-medical students, educated and uneducated, etc.) aged 18-75 years in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Information regarding participants’ demographics and beliefs toward mental illness was collected through validated measures. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Data analysis showed that individuals over the age of 30 years believed that mental illness is socially dysfunctional, incurable, and a subject of embarrassment. Married couples also considered mental illness to be socially dysfunctional and a subject of embarrassment. Similarly, unemployed participants had more negative views of mental illness than working individuals and students. Furthermore, educators and other professionals believed that mental illness is more socially dysfunctional than healthcare providers. In addition, community groups with a history of mental illness stated that mental illness is incurable. In the family context, grandparents’ beliefs toward mental illness were more negative than other family members’ views. Conclusions This study highlights the diversity in beliefs about mental illness among different groups of Arab society. The influence of poor knowledge, religious beliefs, and subjective attitudes should be explored further, and anti-stigma interventions should be implemented to increase community awareness about mental illness.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Chebbi O, Sassi H, Cheour M. Knowledge, attitude and behaviours toward mental illness and help-seeking in a large nonclinical Tunisian student sample. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1292-1305. [PMID: 33300260 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are widespread among students. However, mental health help-seeking remains low. Several reviews and meta-analyses have shown that the main barrier to seeking help from mental health professionals is stigma. This paper aimed to assess stigma in a sample of students, and its association with help-seeking intentions and comfort with disclosing a mental illness. METHOD The 'Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill', the 'Mental Health Knowledge Schedule', and the 'Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale' were administered to a total of 714 college students (62.2% female; mean age = 20.9). RESULTS We found that 43.8% of students agreed that one of the main causes of mental illness is a lack of self-discipline and willpower, 21.9% did not consider depression as a mental illness, and 39.6% felt that they would be 'unlikely' or 'very unlikely' to seek the help of a health professional for mental health problems. Females had higher scores in help-seeking intentions (p < .001) and knowledge of mental illness (p = .019). Students' age negatively correlated with knowledge (p < .001, r = -.147). Pearson correlations indicated that help-seeking intentions positively correlated with more favourable future intentions of being in contact with a person with a mental illness (p < .001, r = .103) and greater mental health knowledge (p < .001, r = .163); and that comfort with disclosing significantly and negatively correlated with attitudes (p < .001, r = -.125). CONCLUSION To date, few young people see mental health professionals as a preferred source of support, and action is needed to change this perception or reform mental health services to make them more attractive to this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention In Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Ons Chebbi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention In Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Hadhami Sassi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention In Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention In Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Tunisia
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Parentela GM. Mental health research studies in Saudi Arabia for the years 2009-2019; a systematic scoping review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:232-241. [PMID: 33781406 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An updated systematic scoping review and narrative analysis of all possible mental health studies done during the concerned immediate years clarifies its present condition and status for all professionals, and concerned researchers. AIMS To synthesize published mental health research studies in and for Saudi Arabia for the years 2009-2019 with the confidence to evaluate current situation, identify research gaps and limitations (if any), and assist in conceptualizing the forthcoming directions of future mental health research activities. METHODS Scoping systematic review and modified narrative analysis were the methods utilized to achieve the aim and objective set for this formal academic endeavor. RESULTS Of the 1006 published studies identified from chosen databases, a total of 241 papers were included and had passed the stringent criteria set for the scoping review process. Basic characteristics of the reviewed studies were quantitative survey type with about 101-500 size range of respondents, utilizing non-patients and adults for participants which were common and randomly chosen from selected population, and most research activities were self-funded. Four major research themes were found including a list of research limitations. CONCLUSIONS This systematic scoping review identified a wide range of results characterizing the different studies that qualified using pre-determined inclusion-exclusion criteria. Though of increasing publication volume in the past decade, most researches done were quantitative survey type whose themes seemed to show no drastic difference or change from the previous years of output. More variety in research themes would further improve the over-all quality of mental health publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil M Parentela
- King Saud University-College of Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Elyamani R, Naja S, Al-Dahshan A, Hamoud H, Bougmiza MI, Alkubaisi N. Mental health literacy in Arab states of the Gulf Cooperation Council: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245156. [PMID: 33411793 PMCID: PMC7790272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health literacy (MHL) has been relatively neglected, despite the increase of mental health illnesses worldwide, as well as within the Middle East region. A low level of MHL may hinder public acceptance of evidence-based mental health care. Aim This systematic review aims to identify and appraise existing research, focusing on MHL among adults in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, and Medline) was carried out from database inception to July 2019, in order to identify peer-reviewed journal articles that investigated MHL in the GCC countries. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were: cross-sectional studies, reported in English, targeted adults (aged 18 and above), conducted in any of the GCC countries, include at least one outcome measure of the main components of MHL: knowledge of mental illnesses and their treatment, stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illnesses, and seeking help for self and offering help. Results A total of 27 studies (16,391 participants) were included. The outcome across studies varied due to disparity in the tested populations. Findings show that limited MHL was observed among participants, even health care professionals. Results also show a high cumulative level of stigma and negative attitude towards mental health illness in the public. Negative beliefs and inappropriate practices are common, as well. The majority of studies yielded a moderate to high risk of bias. Conclusion This work indicates that research on MHL must be tackled through well-designed large-scale studies of the public. Campaigns to promote early identification and treatment of mental illness is also encouraged to improve overall level of MHL in the general population of the GCC region. Registration number: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018104492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowaida Elyamani
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail: (RE); (AAD)
| | - Sarah Naja
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman Al-Dahshan
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail: (RE); (AAD)
| | - Hamed Hamoud
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Iheb Bougmiza
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Workforce Training, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noora Alkubaisi
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Department of Workforce Training, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Mahsoon A, Sharif L, Banakhar M, Alasmee N, Almowallad E, Jabali R, Bahamil A, Assur S. Parental Support, Beliefs about Mental Illness, and Mental Help-Seeking among Young Adults in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5615. [PMID: 32759778 PMCID: PMC7432931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mental illness is not uncommon among young adults, but negative attitudes towards mental disorders and lack of parental support might be associated with hesitancy in seeking professional help. This study aimed to examine the relationships of parental support, beliefs about mental illness, and mental help-seeking among young adults in Saudi Arabia. This quantitative cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 236 young adults (ages 18-25) with the majority of the total (86.4%) being female. Data were collected via three self-administered questionnaires: The Perceived Parental Support Scale, Beliefs toward Mental Illness scale, and Mental Help Seeking Attitude Scale. Results indicated that the participants had a moderately negative attitude toward mental illness, a moderately positive attitude toward parental support, and a highly positive attitude toward mental help-seeking. No significant relationships were found among the study variables. The study highlights that despite young adults' positive attitude toward mental help-seeking and parental support, they have negative views toward people with mental illnesses. Educational programs in schools and media are needed to improve attitudes and enhance readiness to interact with people with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Mahsoon
- Nursing Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Loujain Sharif
- Nursing Mental Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Maram Banakhar
- Nursing Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Nofaa Alasmee
- Nursing Mental Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Esraa Almowallad
- Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (R.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Razan Jabali
- Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (R.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Amjad Bahamil
- Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (R.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Sara Assur
- Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (R.J.); (A.B.)
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Oshima S, Yamagishi M, Okita M, Akimoto H, Negishi A, Horii N, Mutoh M, Sannomaru Y, Numajiri S, Inoue N, Ohshima S, Wada M, Kobayashi D. Discrepancies between patients' and pharmacists' perceptions of the role of community pharmacists as advisors on the use of pharmaceuticals in Japan: A comparison prior to and following revision of the Pharmacists' Act. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119838746. [PMID: 30915219 PMCID: PMC6429651 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119838746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In 2014, immediately prior to the revision of Article 25-2 of the Pharmacists’ Act, we conducted a survey on pharmacists’ and patients’ perceptions of pharmacists’ roles. A role discrepancy between the two was identified. The objective was to examine changes in role perceptions and awareness of pharmacists as medication specialists following revision to the Pharmacists’ Act. Methods: The survey was conducted using an Internet-based questionnaire. A total of 469 patients and 354 pharmacists responded to 12 questions about the perceived roles of pharmacists. Results: Analysis revealed that the only evaluation that changed as a result of revisions was pharmacists’ role as “family or regular pharmacist,” with scores dropping by about half. As in 2014, the high rating rate for pharmacists surpassed the high rating of patients for all other items. The greatest discrepancy in role perception was observed for the same three items (“Understanding the effects of the drugs the patients are taking,” “Understanding the health changes caused by the drugs dispensed to the patients,” and “Consciously protecting patients from the adverse effects of drugs”) as 2014. Conclusion: A major role discrepancy continues to exist between patients and pharmacists, and it is necessary for pharmacists to take on a more advanced role in patient care. Results suggest that pharmacists must monitor changes in patients’ lifestyles and provide clear explanations for patients to rate them highly as medication specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Oshima
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mari Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Hayato Akimoto
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akio Negishi
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Horii
- Josai University Pharmacy, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mizue Mutoh
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sannomaru
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pedagogy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sachihiko Numajiri
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Josai University Pharmacy, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohshima
- Josai University Pharmacy, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wada
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pedagogy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan.,Josai University Pharmacy, Saitama, Japan
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