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Dong Y, Gai Z, Han M, Xu J, Zou K. Reduction in Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins Driven by Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Longum BL21 is Associated with Gut Microbiota Changes in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10293-5. [PMID: 38829564 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and consequent impairment of gut barrier function, culminating in elevated levels of uremic toxins, are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. These toxins, notably indoxyl sulphate (IS), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), are implicated in a spectrum of CKD-related complications, including cardiovascular disease, bone and mineral disorders, and inflammation. The specific impacts of various probiotics on these CKD manifestations remain unexplored. This study delved into the potential of dietary probiotic interventions, particularly Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BL21, to modulate gut microbiota and mitigate metabolic disorders in a CKD rat model. Over a six-week period, we administered a dietary regimen of BL21 and conducted comprehensive analyses, including serum uremic toxin quantification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, to systematically profile gut microbial alterations at the phylogenetic level. Our findings reveal that BL21 intervention significantly ameliorated CKD-induced disruptions in gut microbial populations, enhancing both microbial richness and the relative abundance of key taxa. Importantly, BL21 appeared to exert its beneficial effects by modulating the abundance of crucial species such as Barnesiella and Helicobacter. Functionally, the intervention markedly normalized serum levels of IS, IAA, and TMAO, while potentially attenuating p-cresol sulphate (PCS) and p-cresol glucuronide (PCG) concentrations. Consequently, BL21 demonstrated efficacy in regulating gut microbiota and curtailing the accumulation of uremic toxins. Our results advocate for the utilization of BL21 as a dietary intervention to diminish serum uremic toxins and re-establish gut microbiota equilibrium at the phylogenetic level, underscoring the promise of probiotic strategies in the management of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dong
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhonghui Gai
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare Probiotics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare Probiotics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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2
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Donkers JM, Wiese M, van den Broek TJ, Wierenga E, Agamennone V, Schuren F, van de Steeg E. A host-microbial metabolite interaction gut-on-a-chip model of the adult human intestine demonstrates beneficial effects upon inulin treatment of gut microbiome. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:18. [PMID: 38841408 PMCID: PMC11149092 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: The gut and its microbiome have a major impact on many aspects of health and are therefore also an attractive target for drug- or food-based therapies. Here, we report on the added value of combining a microbiome screening model, the i-screen, with fresh intestinal tissue explants in a microfluidic gut-on-a-chip model, the Intestinal Explant Barrier Chip (IEBC). Methods: Adult human gut microbiome (fecal pool of 6 healthy donors) was cultured anaerobically in the i-screen platform for 24 h, without and with exposure to 4 mg/mL inulin. The i-screen cell-free culture supernatant was subsequently applied to the luminal side of adult human colon tissue explants (n = 3 donors), fixed in the IEBC, for 24 h and effects were evaluated. Results: The supplementation of the media with inulin promoted the growth of Anaerostipes, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Collinsella in the in vitro i-screen, and triggered an elevated production of butyrate by the microbiota. Human colon tissue exposed to inulin-treated i-screen cell-free culture supernatant or control i-screen cell-free culture supernatant with added short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) showed improved tissue barrier integrity measured by a 28.2%-34.2% reduction in FITC-dextran 4000 (FD4) leakage and 1.3 times lower transport of antipyrine. Furthermore, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was reduced under these circumstances. Gene expression profiles confirmed these findings, but showed more profound effects for inulin-treated supernatant compared to SCFA-supplemented supernatant. Conclusion: The combination of i-screen and IEBC facilitates the study of complex intestinal processes such as host-microbial metabolite interaction and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Donkers
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Wiese
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J. van den Broek
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Esmée Wierenga
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria Agamennone
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Schuren
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Evita van de Steeg
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden 2333 BE, the Netherlands
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3
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Kim K, Jinno C, Li X, Bravo D, Cox E, Ji P, Liu Y. Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:1. [PMID: 38169416 PMCID: PMC10759389 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) F18 in a manner similar to carbadox. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC F18. RESULTS Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic. The relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms, such as amino acids and carbohydrates, were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups (q < 0.2 and fold change > 2.0). In addition, pigs in antibiotic had a reduced (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae, whereas had greater (P < 0.05) Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation (PI) compared with d 5 PI. CONCLUSIONS The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood, and further exploration is needed. However, current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwook Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Present Affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Cynthia Jinno
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Present Affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90084, USA
| | - Xunde Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - David Bravo
- Pancosma|ADM, 1180, Rolle, Switzerland
- Present Affiliation: Nutreco Exploration, Nutreco, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Cox
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Bailey S, Fraser K. Advancing our understanding of the influence of drug induced changes in the gut microbiome on bone health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1229796. [PMID: 37867525 PMCID: PMC10588641 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1229796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been implicated in a multitude of human diseases, with emerging evidence linking its microbial diversity to osteoporosis. This review article will explore the molecular mechanisms underlying perturbations in the gut microbiome and their influence on osteoporosis incidence in individuals with chronic diseases. The relationship between gut microbiome diversity and bone density is primarily mediated by microbiome-derived metabolites and signaling molecules. Perturbations in the gut microbiome, induced by chronic diseases can alter bacterial diversity and metabolic profiles, leading to changes in gut permeability and systemic release of metabolites. This cascade of events impacts bone mineralization and consequently bone mineral density through immune cell activation. In addition, we will discuss how orally administered medications, including antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial drugs, can exacerbate or, in some cases, treat osteoporosis. Specifically, we will review the mechanisms by which non-antimicrobial drugs disrupt the gut microbiome's diversity, physiology, and signaling, and how these events influence bone density and osteoporosis incidence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between orally administered drugs, the gut microbiome, and osteoporosis, offering new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for preserving bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacyann Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Keith Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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Diep E, Schiffman JD. Electrospinning Living Bacteria: A Review of Applications from Agriculture to Health Care. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:951-964. [PMID: 36791266 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Living bacteria are used in biotechnologies that lead to improvements in health care, agriculture, and energy. Encapsulating bacteria into flexible and modular electrospun polymer fabrics that maintain their viability will further enable their use. This review will first provide a brief overview of electrospinning before examining the impact of electrospinning parameters, such as precursor composition, applied voltage, and environment on the viability of encapsulated bacteria. Currently, the use of nanofiber scaffolds to deliver live probiotics into the gut is the most researched application space; however, several additional applications, including skin probiotics (wound bandages) and menstruation products have also been explored and will be discussed. The use of bacteria-loaded nanofibers as seed coatings that promote plant growth, for the remediation of contaminated wastewaters, and in energy-generating microbial fuel cells are also covered in this review. In summary, electrospinning is an effective method for encapsulating living microorganisms into dry polymer nanofibers. While these living composite scaffolds hold potential for use across many applications, before their use in commercial products can be realized, numerous challenges and further investigations remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Diep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
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Hammouda ZK, Wasfi R, Abdeltawab NF. Hormonal drugs: Influence on growth, biofilm formation, and adherence of selected gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1147585. [PMID: 36992682 PMCID: PMC10042233 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1147585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported the influence of hormonal drugs on gut microbiota composition. However, the underlying mechanism of this interaction is still under study. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible in vitro changes in selected members of gut bacteria exposed to oral hormonal drugs used for years. Selected members of gut bacteria were Bifidobacterium longum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Bacteroides fragilis, and Escherichia coli representing the four main phyla in the gut. Selected hormonal drugs used for a long time were estradiol, progesterone, and thyroxine. The effect of intestinal concentrations of these drugs on the selected bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and adherence to Caco-2/HT-29 cell line was assessed. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been included in host functions including the gut, immune and nervous functions; thus, the drug’s effects on their production were assayed using High- Performance Liquid Chromatography. Sex steroids significantly increased the growth of all tested bacteria except B. longum, similarly, thyroxine increased the growth of tested Gram-negative bacteria however reducing that of tested Gram-positive bacteria. The effect of drugs on biofilm formation and bacterial adherence to cell lines cocultures was variable. Progesterone decreased the biofilm formation of tested Gram-positive bacteria, it nevertheless increased L. reuteri adherence to Caco-2/HT-29 cell line cell lines coculture. By contrast, progesterone increased biofilm formation by Gram-negative bacteria and increased adherence of B. fragilis to the cell lines coculture. Moreover, thyroxine and estradiol exhibited antibiofilm activity against L. reuteri, while thyroxine increased the ability of E. coli to form a biofilm. Moreover, hormones affected bacterial adherence to cell lines independently of their effect on hydrophobicity suggesting other specific binding factors might contribute to this effect. Tested drugs affected SCFAs production variably, mostly independent of their effect on bacterial growth. In conclusion, our results showed that the microbiota signature associated with some hormonal drug consumption could be the result of the direct effect of these drugs on bacterial growth, and adherence to enterocytes besides the effect of these drugs on the host tissue targets. Additionally, these drugs affect the production of SCFAs which could contribute to some of the side effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab K. Hammouda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Reham Wasfi,
| | - Nourtan F. Abdeltawab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Amoxicillin impact on pathophysiology induced by short term high salt diet in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19351. [PMID: 36369512 PMCID: PMC9652318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence emerging from both human and animal models confirms that high-salt diet consumption over a period modulates the gut ecology and subsequently accelerates the development of the pathophysiology of many metabolic diseases. The knowledge of short-term intake of a high-salt diet (HSD) on gut microbiota and their role in the progression of metabolic pathogenesis and the consequence of a typical course of common antibiotics in this condition has yet not been investigated. The present study elicited this knowledge gap by studying how the gut microbiota profile changes in mice receiving HSD for a short period followed by Amoxicillin treatment on these mice in the last week to mimic a typical treatment course of antibiotics. In this study, we provided a standard chow diet (CD) and HSD for 3 weeks, and a subset of these mice on both diets received antibiotic therapy with Amoxicillin in the 3rd week. We measured the body weight of mice for 3 weeks. After 21 days, all animals were euthanised and subjected to a thorough examination for haemato-biochemical, histopathological, and 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis to determine any changes in gut microbiota ecology. HSD exposure in mice for short duration even leads to a significant difference in the gut ecology with enrichment of specific gut microbiota crucially linked to developing the pathophysiological features of metabolic disease-related inflammation. In addition, HSD treatment showed a negative impact on haemato-biochemical parameters. However, Amoxicillin treatment in HSD-fed mice restored the blood-biochemical markers near to control values and reshaped gut microbiota known for improving the pathophysiological attributes of metabolic disease related inflammation. This study also observed minimal and insignificant pathological changes in the heart, liver, and kidney in HSD-fed mice.
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Raj K, Singh S, Chib S, Mallan S. Microbiota- Brain-Gut-Axis Relevance to Parkinson's Disease: Potential Therapeutic Effects of Probiotics. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3049-3067. [PMID: 36200207 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666221003112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common type of neurogenerative disease among middleaged and older people, characterized by aggregation of alpha-synuclein and dopaminergic neuron loss. The microbiota- gut-brain axis is a dynamic bidirectional communication network and is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. The aggregation of misfolded protein alpha-synuclein is a neuropathological characteristic of PD, originates in the gut and migrates to the central nervous system (CNS) through the vagus nerve and olfactory bulb. The change in the architecture of gut microbiota increases the level short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites, acting on the neuroendocrine system and modulating the concentrations of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and other neurotransmitters. It also alters the vagus and intestinal signalling, influencing the brain and behaviour by activating microglia and systemic cytokines. Both experimental and clinical reports indicate the role of intestinal dysbiosis and microbiota host interaction in neurodegeneration. Probiotics are live microorganisms that modify the gut microbiota in the small intestine to avoid neurological diseases. Probiotics have been shown in clinical and preclinical studies to be effective in the treatment of PD by balancing the gut microbiota. In this article, we described the role of gut-microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. The article aims to explore the mechanistic strategy of the gut-brain axis and its relation with motor impairment and the use of probiotics to maintain gut microbial flora and prevent PD-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadga Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Sudhanshu Mallan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
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Salazar-Flores J, Lomelí-Martínez SM, Ceja-Gálvez HR, Torres-Jasso JH, Torres-Reyes LA, Torres-Sánchez ED. Impacts of Pesticides on Oral Cavity Health and Ecosystems: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11257. [PMID: 36141526 PMCID: PMC9517265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical substances used to control, prevent, or destroy agricultural, domestic, and livestock pests. These compounds produce adverse changes in health, and they have been associated with the development of multiple chronic diseases. This study aimed to present a detailed review of the effect of pesticides on the oral cavity and the oral microbiome. In the oral cavity, pesticides alter and/or modify tissues and the microbiome, thereby triggering imbalance in the ecosystem, generating an inflammatory response, and activating hydrolytic enzymes. In particular, the imbalance in the oral microbiome creates a dysbiosis that modifies the number, composition, and/or functions of the constituent microorganisms and the local response of the host. Pesticide exposure alters epithelial cells, and oral microbiota, and disrupts the homeostasis of the oral environment. The presence of pesticides in the oral cavity predisposes the appearance of pathologies such as caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancer, and odontogenic infections. In this study, we analyzed the effect of organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, bipyridyls, and triazineson oral cavity health and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Salazar-Flores
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of La Cienega (CUCIENEGA), University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sarah M. Lomelí-Martínez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of La Cienega (CUCIENEGA), University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico
- Department of Integral Dental Clinics, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hazael R. Ceja-Gálvez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan H. Torres-Jasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University Center of La Costa (CUCOSTA), University of Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta 48280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Torres-Reyes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of La Cienega (CUCIENEGA), University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico
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10
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Lederer AK, Huber R. The Relation of Diet and Health: You Are What You Eat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137774. [PMID: 35805428 PMCID: PMC9266141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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Ren M, Lotfipour S. Dose- and Sex-Dependent Bidirectional Relationship between Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration and Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061127. [PMID: 35744645 PMCID: PMC9229572 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria influence neural circuits in addiction-related behaviors. Given the association between opioid use, gastrointestinal distress, and microbial dysbiosis in humans and mice, we test the hypothesis that interactions between gut bacteria and the brain mediate the rewarding and reinforcing properties of fentanyl. We implant rats with intravenous catheters in preparation for fentanyl intravenous self-administration (IVSA) on an escalating schedule of reinforcement to determine factors that influence fentanyl intake, including sex, dose, and gut microbiota. Our data show the impact of fentanyl IVSA on gut microbiota diversity, as well as the role of gut microbiota on fentanyl IVSA, in Sprague Dawley rats in a sex- and dose-dependent manner (n = 10–16/group). We found that the diversity of gut microbiota within females dose-dependently predicts progressive but not fixed ratio schedules of fentanyl IVSA. Depending on sex and fentanyl dose, alpha diversity (richness and evenness measured with Shannon index) is either increased or decreased following fentanyl IVSA and predicts progressive ratio breakpoint. Our findings collectively suggest a role of gut bacteria in drug-related behavior, including motivation and reinforcement. This work provides feasibility for an intravenous fentanyl self-administration model and uncovers potential factors mediating drug use, which may lead to the development of effective addiction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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12
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Bakir-Gungor B, Hacılar H, Jabeer A, Nalbantoglu OU, Aran O, Yousef M. Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers of human gut microbiota selected via different feature selection methods. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13205. [PMID: 35497193 PMCID: PMC9048649 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The tremendous boost in next generation sequencing and in the "omics" technologies makes it possible to characterize the human gut microbiome-the collective genomes of the microbial community that reside in our gastrointestinal tract. Although some of these microorganisms are considered to be essential regulators of our immune system, the alteration of the complexity and eubiotic state of microbiota might promote autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), obesity, and carcinogenesis. IBD, comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a gut-related, multifactorial disease with an unknown etiology. IBD presents defects in the detection and control of the gut microbiota, associated with unbalanced immune reactions, genetic mutations that confer susceptibility to the disease, and complex environmental conditions such as westernized lifestyle. Although some existing studies attempt to unveil the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in relation to IBD diseases, a comprehensive picture of the gut microbiome in IBD patients is far from being complete. Due to the complexity of metagenomic studies, the applications of the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques became popular to address a wide range of questions in the field of metagenomic data analysis. In this regard, using IBD associated metagenomics dataset, this study utilizes both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, (i) to generate a classification model that aids IBD diagnosis, (ii) to discover IBD-associated biomarkers, (iii) to discover subgroups of IBD patients using k-means and hierarchical clustering approaches. To deal with the high dimensionality of features, we applied robust feature selection algorithms such as Conditional Mutual Information Maximization (CMIM), Fast Correlation Based Filter (FCBF), min redundancy max relevance (mRMR), Select K Best (SKB), Information Gain (IG) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). In our experiments with 100-fold Monte Carlo cross-validation (MCCV), XGBoost, IG, and SKB methods showed a considerable effect in terms of minimizing the microbiota used for the diagnosis of IBD and thus reducing the cost and time. We observed that compared to Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Logitboost, Adaboost, and stacking ensemble classifiers, our Random Forest classifier resulted in better performance measures for the classification of IBD. Our findings revealed potential microbiome-mediated mechanisms of IBD and these findings might be useful for the development of microbiome-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bakir-Gungor
- Department of Computer Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hilal Hacılar
- Department of Computer Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Amhar Jabeer
- Department of Computer Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Oya Aran
- TETAM, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Malik Yousef
- Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel,Galilee Digital Health Research Center, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
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Bacali C, Vulturar R, Buduru S, Cozma A, Fodor A, Chiș A, Lucaciu O, Damian L, Moldovan ML. Oral Microbiome: Getting to Know and Befriend Neighbors, a Biological Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030671. [PMID: 35327473 PMCID: PMC8945538 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome, forming a biofilm that covers the oral structures, contains a high number of microorganisms. Biofilm formation starts from the salivary pellicle that allows bacterial adhesion–colonization–proliferation, co-aggregation and biofilm maturation in a complex microbial community. There is a constant bidirectional crosstalk between human host and its oral microbiome. The paper presents the fundamentals regarding the oral microbiome and its relationship to modulator factors, oral and systemic health. The modern studies of oral microorganisms and relationships with the host benefits are based on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Pharmaceuticals such as antimicrobials, prebiotics, probiotics, surface active or abrasive agents and plant-derived ingredients may influence the oral microbiome. Many studies found associations between oral dysbiosis and systemic disorders, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular, diabetes, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. We outline the general and individual factors influencing the host–microbial balance and the possibility to use the analysis of the oral microbiome in prevention, diagnosis and treatment in personalized medicine. Future therapies should take in account the restoration of the normal symbiotic relation with the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bacali
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Smaranda Buduru
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- 4th Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca, 18 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adina Chiș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laura Damian
- Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior St., 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Liliana Moldovan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12, I. Creanga St., 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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14
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Insights into the Composition of a Co-Culture of 10 Probiotic Strains (OMNi BiOTiC® AAD10) and Effects of Its Postbiotic Culture Supernatant. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061194. [PMID: 35334850 PMCID: PMC8952306 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to gain insights in a co-culture of 10 bacteria and their postbiotic supernatant. Methods: Abundances and gene expression were monitored by shotgun analysis. The supernatant was characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Supernatant was harvested after 48 h (S48) and 196 h (S196). Susceptibility testing included nine bacteria and C. albicans. Bagg albino (BALBc) mice were fed with supernatant or culture medium. Fecal samples were obtained for 16S analysis. Results: A time-dependent decrease of the relative abundances and gene expression of L. salivarius, L. paracasei, E. faecium and B. longum/lactis and an increase of L. plantarum were observed. Substances in LC-MS were predominantly allocated to groups amino acids/peptides/metabolites and nucleotides/metabolites, relating to gene expression. Fumaric, panthotenic, 9,3-methyl-2-oxovaleric, malic and aspartic acid, cytidine monophosphate, orotidine, phosphoserine, creatine, tryptophan correlated to culture time. Supernatant had no effect against anaerobic bacteria. S48 was reactive against S. epidermidis, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosae, E. faecium and C. albicans. S196 against S. epidermidis and Str. agalactiae. In vivo S48/S196 had no effect on alpha/beta diversity. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) revealed an increase of Anaeroplasma and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Conclusions: The postbiotic supernatant had positive antibacterial and antifungal effects in vitro and promoted the growth of distinct bacteria in vivo.
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15
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Singh PK, Easwari TS. Emerging Trends and their Impacts on Peptic Ulcer Diseases: Treatments and Techniques. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220307115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is prevalent in almost all parts of the world. PUD complications are creating a major source of preventable health care expenses. The major factors responsible for the incidence of PUD and its complication have changed over the past few decades after the identification of non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection along with a marked increase in the use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) as drug therapy. The management of PUD has become more complex and challenging due to antimicrobial resistance.
Objective:
The objective of the study was to highlight current therapy and novel techniques used in the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases.
Methods:
An exhaustive literature search has been conducted across PubMed, Google, Scopus and Web of Science as an electronic database to add the crucial information from the relevant literature.
Results:
In the present review, we have discussed PUD and its pathophysiology. The recent trends in PUD and possible treatments with novel techniques have also been discussed. The type and presence of ulcers cannot be predicted accurately based on symptoms. The available treatment approaches for peptic ulcers based on their clinical presentation and etiology are anti-secretary therapy, endoscopy to reveal ulcers followed by drug therapy, and triple therapy for H pylori infection.
Conclusion:
Thus, the popular and effective methods are very beneficial in controlling PUD. The treatment based on diagnosis is the foremost requirement for ameliorating any disorder. In this article, the emerging techniques and development in the treatment and diagnosis of PUD have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, IIMT College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T. S. Easwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, IIMT College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Kestose-enriched fructo-oligosaccharide alleviates atopic dermatitis by modulating the gut microbiome and immune response. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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17
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Correa F, Torti V, Spiezio C, Checcucci A, Modesto M, Borruso L, Cavani L, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Luise D, Randrianarison RM, Gamba M, Rarojoson NJ, Sanguinetti M, Di Vito M, Bugli F, Mattarelli P, Trevisi P, Giacoma C, Sandri C. Disentangling the Possible Drivers of Indri indri Microbiome: A Threatened Lemur Species of Madagascar. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:668274. [PMID: 34421838 PMCID: PMC8378179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.668274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the gut microbiome may help with increasing our understanding of primate health with species' ecology, evolution, and behavior. In particular, microbiome-related information has the potential to clarify ecology issues, providing knowledge in support of wild primates conservation and their associated habitats. Indri (Indri indri) is the largest extant living lemur of Madagascar. This species is classified as "critically endangered" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, representing one of the world's 25 most endangered primates. Indris diet is mainly folivorous, but these primates frequently and voluntarily engage in geophagy. Indris have never been successfully bred under human care, suggesting that some behavioral and/or ecological factors are still not considered from the ex situ conservation protocols. Here, we explored gut microbiome composition of 18 indris belonging to 5 different family groups. The most represented phyla were Proteobacteria 40.1 ± 9.5%, Bacteroidetes 28.7 ± 2.8%, Synergistetes 16.7 ± 4.5%, and Firmicutes 11.1 ± 1.9%. Further, our results revealed that bacterial alpha and beta diversity were influenced by indri family group and sex. In addition, we investigated the chemical composition of geophagic soil to explore the possible ecological value of soil as a nutrient supply. The quite acidic pH and high levels of secondary oxide-hydroxides of the soils could play a role in the folivorous diet's gut detoxification activity. In addition, the high contents of iron and manganese found the soils could act as micronutrients in the indris' diet. Nevertheless, the concentration of a few elements (i.e., calcium, sulfur, boron, nickel, sodium, and chromium) was higher in non-geophagic than in geophagic soils. In conclusion, the data presented herein provide a baseline for outlining some possible drivers responsible for the gut microbiome diversity in indris, thus laying the foundations for developing further strategies involved in indris' conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Torti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Spiezio
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luciano Cavani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rose M. Randrianarison
- Groupe d’Étude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Mention d’Anthropobiologie et de Deìveloppement Durable, Université de Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Di Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giacoma
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Camillo Sandri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva – Garda Zoological Park, Verona, Italy
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18
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The Link between Obesity, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Neurodegenerative Pathogenesis. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9030045. [PMID: 34201465 PMCID: PMC8293145 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research in medicine in several parts of the world has attempted to establish a link between the occurrence of neurodegenerative pathologies, microbiota dysbiosis, and the incidence of obesity. The body’s response to different physicochemical factors has also been influenced by the proper assimilation of bioactive compounds contained in the food that is ingested. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors that directly affects the functioning of the human microbiota. The body’s reaction to this imbalance is crucial to the progression of inflammatory processes, which are based on molecular mechanisms. Microbial dysbiosis can result in a possibly permanent alteration in the physiological response. This review aims to highlight recent contributions made to alleviating human dysbiosis in degenerative diseases, especially for neurodegenerative pathologies based on the rising prevalence of obesity. We discuss the significance of both microbiota modulation and possible alleviations of pathologies by a modulatory function. We argue that pre- and probiotics (including phenolic compounds stimulating the favorable strain from the microbiota) are an effective alternative that can support the microbiota pattern’s modulation over time and the attenuation of indirect causes that determine dysbiosis. Molecular aspects are presented in support of the modulating role of the microbiota following the use of probiotics.
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19
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Profiling of Intestinal Microbiota in Patients Infected with Respiratory Influenza A and B Viruses. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060761. [PMID: 34204203 PMCID: PMC8233933 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the association between respiratory viral infections and their impact on intestinal microbiota. Here, we compared the effect of influenza types, A and B, and influenza shedding in patients’ stools on the gut microbiota diversity and composition. Deep sequencing analysis was performed for the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Fecal samples were collected from 38 adults with active respiratory influenza infection and 11 age-matched healthy controls. Influenza infection resulted in variations in intestinal bacterial community composition rather than in overall diversity. Overall, infected patients experienced an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and a corresponding decrease in Firmicutes. Differential abundance testing illustrated that differences in gut microbiota composition were influenza type-dependent, identifying ten differentially abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between influenza A- and influenza B-infected patients. Notably, virus shedding in fecal samples of some patients had significantly reduced gut bacterial diversity (p = 0.023). Further taxonomic analysis revealed that the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis was significantly higher among shedders compared to non-shedders (p = 0.037). These results provide fundamental evidence of the direct effect of influenza infection on gut microbiota diversity, as reported in patients shedding the virus.
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20
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Hartman JH, Widmayer SJ, Bergemann CM, King DE, Morton KS, Romersi RF, Jameson LE, Leung MCK, Andersen EC, Taubert S, Meyer JN. Xenobiotic metabolism and transport in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2021; 24:51-94. [PMID: 33616007 PMCID: PMC7958427 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1884921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a major model in biomedical and environmental toxicology. Numerous papers on toxicology and pharmacology in C. elegans have been published, and this species has now been adopted by investigators in academic toxicology, pharmacology, and drug discovery labs. C. elegans has also attracted the interest of governmental regulatory agencies charged with evaluating the safety of chemicals. However, a major, fundamental aspect of toxicological science remains underdeveloped in C. elegans: xenobiotic metabolism and transport processes that are critical to understanding toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, and extrapolation to other species. The aim of this review was to initially briefly describe the history and trajectory of the use of C. elegans in toxicological and pharmacological studies. Subsequently, physical barriers to chemical uptake and the role of the worm microbiome in xenobiotic transformation were described. Then a review of what is and is not known regarding the classic Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III processes was performed. In addition, the following were discussed (1) regulation of xenobiotic metabolism; (2) review of published toxicokinetics for specific chemicals; and (3) genetic diversity of these processes in C. elegans. Finally, worm xenobiotic transport and metabolism was placed in an evolutionary context; key areas for future research highlighted; and implications for extrapolating C. elegans toxicity results to other species discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel J Widmayer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Dillon E King
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine S Morton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Riccardo F Romersi
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Laura E Jameson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University - West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Maxwell C K Leung
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University - West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Dept. Of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, the University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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21
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Bowler AL, Polman R. Role of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Physical Health, Psychosocial Well-Being and Sports Performance in Athletes: A Scoping Review. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8100131. [PMID: 32977479 PMCID: PMC7598179 DOI: 10.3390/sports8100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a focus has been placed on investigating the potential benefits of adherence to a ketogenic diet in enhancing body composition, physical health, psychological well-being, and performance of athletes from various sporting disciplines. As the available research is yet to be collated and analyzed in a single review, this scoping review aims to analyze and draw conclusions from the available literature that exists on the efficacy of a ketogenic diet among athletic populations. METHODS Several primary research databases and any relevant citation lists were searched to locate appropriate studies for inclusion in this scoping review. Studies that investigated the effects of adherence to a ketogenic diet (KD), defined by a carbohydrate intake of less than 5% of total energy intake, on body composition, physical health, psychological well-being, and performance among an athletic population were included in the review. From 814 articles screened, 12 were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria and were included in the final scoping review. RESULTS Adherence to a KD has beneficial effects on body weight and fat mass. Varying effects were identified on physical health with the diet, eliciting positive effects on fat oxidation but potentially deleterious effects on stool microbiota and iron metabolism. Conflicting results were reported regarding the effects of a KD on sporting performance. Benefits were reported regarding athlete well-being following commencement of a KD, but only after week two. CONCLUSIONS The results of this scoping review demonstrate that there are both beneficial and detrimental effects associated with adherence to a KD among athletic populations. It is understood that further research is required to make any concrete recommendations regarding a KD to athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy-Lee Bowler
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Nutrition & Dietetics, Bond University, Gold Coast QLD 4226, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Remco Polman
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia;
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Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K. Lactobacillus-Derived Bioactive Metabolites for the Regulation of Periodontal Health: Evidences to Clinical Setting. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092088. [PMID: 32365716 PMCID: PMC7248875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating host metabolism that affects the systemic health. To date, several studies have confirmed the fact that microbiota interacts with host, modulating immunity, controlling the homeostasis environment, and maintaining systemic condition. Recent studies have focused on the protective function of poly unsaturated fatty acids, 10-oxo-trans-11-oxadecenoic acid (KetoC) and 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), generated by gut microbiota on periodontal disease. Nevertheless, the mechanism remains unclear as investigations are limited to in vivo and in vitro studies. In this present review, we found that the administration of metabolites, KetoC and HYA, by a probiotic gut microbiota Lactobacillus plantarum from linoleic acid is found to inhibit the oxidation process, possess an antimicrobial function, and prevent the inflammation. These findings suggest the promising use of functional lipids for human health. Conclusion: Protective modalities of bioactive metabolites may support periodontal therapy by suppressing bacterial dysbiosis and regulating periodontal homeostasis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; or
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-0744
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The reduction of DSS-induced colitis severity in mice exposed to cigarette smoke is linked to immune modulation and microbial shifts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3829. [PMID: 32123204 PMCID: PMC7052152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) causes detrimental health effects, increasing the risk of cardiovascular, pulmonary diseases and carcinogenesis in exposed individuals. The impact of CS on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has been established by a number of epidemiological and clinical studies. In fact, CS is associated with a higher risk of developing Crohn’s disease (CD) while inversely correlates with the development, disease risks, and relapse rate of ulcerative colitis (UC). To investigate the effect of CS exposure on experimental colitis, we performed a comprehensive and integrated comparative analysis of colon transcriptome and microbiome in mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and CS. Colon transcriptome analysis revealed that CS downregulated specific pathways in a concentration-dependent manner, affecting both the inflammatory state and composition of the gut microbiome. Metagenomics analysis demonstrated that CS can modulate DSS-induced dysbiosis of specific bacterial genera, contributing to resolve the inflammation or accelerate recovery. The risks of smoking far outweigh any possible benefit, thus smoking cessation must always be encouraged because of its significant health benefits. However, the inverse association between active smoking and the development of UC cannot be ignored and the present study lays the foundation for investigating potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the attenuation of colitis by certain compounds of tobacco when decoupled from combustion.
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24
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Tagliari E, Campos LF, Campos AC, Costa-Casagrande TA, Noronha LD. EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC ORAL ADMINISTRATION ON SKIN WOUND HEALING IN RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 32:e1457. [PMID: 31826084 PMCID: PMC6902899 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020190001e1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Manipulating intestinal microbiota with probiotics might stimulate skin
response. Understanding all stages of the healing process, as well as the
gut-skin-healing response can improve the skin healing process. Aim: To evaluate the effect of perioperative oral administration of probiotics on
the healing of skin wounds in rats. Methods: Seventy-two Wistar male adult rats were weighed and divided into two groups
with 36 each, one control group (supplemented with oral maltodextrin 250
mg/day) and one probiotic group (supplemented with Lactobacillus
paracasei LPC-37, Bifidobacterium lactis
HN0019, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001,
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® at a dose of
250 mg/day), both given orally daily for 15 days. The two groups were
subsequently divided into three subgroups according to the moment of
euthanasia: in the 3rd, 7th and 10th
postoperative days. Results: There were no significant changes in weight in both groups. Wound contraction
was faster in probiotic group when compared to the controls, resulting in
smaller wound area in the 7th postoperative day. As for
histological aspects, the overall H&E score was lower in the probiotic
group. The probiotic group showed increased fibrosis from 3rd to
the 7th postoperative day. The type I collagen production was
higher in the probiotic group at the 10th postoperative day, and
the type III collagen increased in the 7th. Conclusion: The perioperative use of orally administrated probiotic was associated with a
faster reduction of the wound area in rats probably by reducing the
inflammatory phase, accelerating the fibrosis process and the deposition of
collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Tagliari
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Health Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Leticia Fuganti Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Health Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos
- Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Pathology Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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van Bruggen AHC, Goss EM, Havelaar A, van Diepeningen AD, Finckh MR, Morris JG. One Health - Cycling of diverse microbial communities as a connecting force for soil, plant, animal, human and ecosystem health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:927-937. [PMID: 30769316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The One Health concept proposes that there is a connection between human, animal and environmental health. Plants and their health are not explicitly included. In this review, we broaden the One Health concept to include soil, plant, animal and ecosystem health. We argue that the health conditions of all organisms in an ecosystem are interconnected through the cycling of subsets of microbial communities from the environment (in particular the soil) to plants, animals and humans, and back into the environment. After an introduction on health concepts, we present examples of community stability and resilience, diversity and interconnectedness as affected by pollutants, and integrity of nutrient cycles and energy flows. Next, we explain our concept of microbial cycling in relation to ecosystem health, and end with examples of plant and animal disease outbreaks in relation to microbial community composition and diversity. We conclude that we need a better understanding of the role of interconnected microbiomes in promoting plant and animal health and possible ways to stimulate a healthy, diverse microbiome throughout human-dominated ecosystems. We suggest that it is essential to maintain ecosystem and soil health through diversification of plant communities and oligotrophication of managed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariena H C van Bruggen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA.
| | - Erica M Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA
| | - Arie Havelaar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA
| | - Anne D van Diepeningen
- Business Unit Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen UR, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria R Finckh
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - J Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA
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