1
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Rolls ET, Treves A. A theory of hippocampal function: New developments. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 238:102636. [PMID: 38834132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We develop further here the only quantitative theory of the storage of information in the hippocampal episodic memory system and its recall back to the neocortex. The theory is upgraded to account for a revolution in understanding of spatial representations in the primate, including human, hippocampus, that go beyond the place where the individual is located, to the location being viewed in a scene. This is fundamental to much primate episodic memory and navigation: functions supported in humans by pathways that build 'where' spatial view representations by feature combinations in a ventromedial visual cortical stream, separate from those for 'what' object and face information to the inferior temporal visual cortex, and for reward information from the orbitofrontal cortex. Key new computational developments include the capacity of the CA3 attractor network for storing whole charts of space; how the correlations inherent in self-organizing continuous spatial representations impact the storage capacity; how the CA3 network can combine continuous spatial and discrete object and reward representations; the roles of the rewards that reach the hippocampus in the later consolidation into long-term memory in part via cholinergic pathways from the orbitofrontal cortex; and new ways of analysing neocortical information storage using Potts networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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2
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Subramanian DL, Miller AMP, Smith DM. A comparison of hippocampal and retrosplenial cortical spatial and contextual firing patterns. Hippocampus 2024; 34:357-377. [PMID: 38770779 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) are key components of the brain's memory and navigation systems. Lesions of either region produce profound deficits in spatial cognition and HPC neurons exhibit well-known spatial firing patterns (place fields). Recent studies have also identified an array of navigation-related firing patterns in the RSC. However, there has been little work comparing the response properties and information coding mechanisms of these two brain regions. In the present study, we examined the firing patterns of HPC and RSC neurons in two tasks which are commonly used to study spatial cognition in rodents, open field foraging with an environmental context manipulation and continuous T-maze alternation. We found striking similarities in the kinds of spatial and contextual information encoded by these two brain regions. Neurons in both regions carried information about the rat's current spatial location, trajectories and goal locations, and both regions reliably differentiated the contexts. However, we also found several key differences. For example, information about head direction was a prominent component of RSC representations but was only weakly encoded in the HPC. The two regions also used different coding schemes, even when they encoded the same kind of information. As expected, the HPC employed a sparse coding scheme characterized by compact, high contrast place fields, and information about spatial location was the dominant component of HPC representations. RSC firing patterns were more consistent with a distributed coding scheme. Instead of compact place fields, RSC neurons exhibited broad, but reliable, spatial and directional tuning, and they typically carried information about multiple navigational variables. The observed similarities highlight the closely related functions of the HPC and RSC, whereas the differences in information types and coding schemes suggest that these two regions likely make somewhat different contributions to spatial cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M P Miller
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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3
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Feng Y, Laraib A, Lin X, Li Q, Zhan J, Li X. Associations of tau, Aβ, and brain volume of the Papez circuit with cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01827-7. [PMID: 38824476 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional associations between regional Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, including tau, β-amyloid (Aβ), and brain volume, within the Papez circuit, and neuropsychological functioning across the preclinical and clinical spectrum of AD. We utilized data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, including 251 Aβ-positive participants. Participants were categorized into three groups based on the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): 73 individuals with preclinical AD (CDR = 0), 114 with prodromal AD (CDR = 0.5), and 64 with clinical AD dementia (CDR ≥ 1). Linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, gender, and education years, were employed to evaluate the associations between five regions of interest (the hippocampus, para-hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus) and five neuropsychological tests across the three imaging modalities. In the preclinical stage of AD, flortaucipir PET was associated with impaired global cognition and episodic memory (range standardized β = 0.255-0.498, p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons), while florbetapir PET and brain volume were marginally related to global cognition (range standardized β = 0.221-0.231, p < 0.05). In the clinical stages of AD (prodromal and dementia), both increased flortaucipir uptake and decreased brain volume were significantly associated with poorer global neuropsychological and episodic memory performance (range standardized β = 0.222-0.621, p < 0.05, most regions of interest survived correction for multiple comparisions). However, a slight relationship was observed between florbetapir uptake and poorer global cognitive function. The regions most affected by flortaucipir PET were the hippocampus, para-hippocampus, and posterior cingulate cortex. During the clinical stages, the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex exhibited the most significant volumetric changes. Tau PET and brain volume measurements within the Papez circuit are more sensitive indicators of early cognitive deficits in AD than Aβ PET. Furthermore, during the clinical stages of AD, both flortaucipir PET and brain volume of the Papez circuit are closely correlated with cognitive decline. These findings underscore the importance of integrating multiple biomarkers for the comprehensive evaluation of AD pathology and its impact on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Azka Laraib
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74-76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Xiuqi Lin
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74-76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Jiehong Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74-76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74-76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Linshui County, Guangan, China.
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Argyropoulos GD, Christidi F, Karavasilis E, Bede P, Velonakis G, Antoniou A, Seimenis I, Kelekis N, Smyrnis N, Papakonstantinou O, Efstathopoulos E, Ferentinos P. A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study on Polarity Subphenotypes in Bipolar Disorder. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1170. [PMID: 38893696 PMCID: PMC11172378 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has provided in vivo measurements of brain chemical profiles in bipolar disorder (BD), there are no data on clinically and therapeutically important onset polarity (OP) and predominant polarity (PP). We conducted a proton MRS study in BD polarity subphenotypes, focusing on emotion regulation brain regions. Forty-one euthymic BD patients stratified according to OP and PP and sixteen healthy controls (HC) were compared. 1H-MRS spectra of the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (ACC, PCC), left and right hippocampus (LHIPPO, RHIPPO) were acquired at 3.0T to determine metabolite concentrations. We found significant main effects of OP in ACC mI, mI/tNAA, mI/tCr, mI/tCho, PCC tCho, and RHIPPO tNAA/tCho and tCho/tCr. Although PP had no significant main effects, several medium and large effect sizes emerged. Compared to HC, manic subphenotypes (i.e., manic-OP, manic-PP) showed greater differences in RHIPPO and PCC, whereas depressive suphenotypes (i.e., depressive-OP, depressive-PP) in ACC. Effect sizes were consistent between OP and PP as high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were confirmed. Our findings support the utility of MRS in the study of the neurobiological underpinnings of OP and PP, highlighting that the regional specificity of metabolite changes within the emotion regulation network consistently marks both polarity subphenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D. Argyropoulos
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece (E.K.); (G.V.); (N.K.); (O.P.); (E.E.)
| | - Foteini Christidi
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (N.S.); (P.F.)
- School of Medicine, Democritus University of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity College Dublin, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Efstratios Karavasilis
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece (E.K.); (G.V.); (N.K.); (O.P.); (E.E.)
- School of Medicine, Democritus University of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Peter Bede
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity College Dublin, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Neurology, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece (E.K.); (G.V.); (N.K.); (O.P.); (E.E.)
| | - Anastasia Antoniou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (N.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Ioannis Seimenis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kelekis
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece (E.K.); (G.V.); (N.K.); (O.P.); (E.E.)
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (N.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Olympia Papakonstantinou
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece (E.K.); (G.V.); (N.K.); (O.P.); (E.E.)
| | - Efstathios Efstathopoulos
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece (E.K.); (G.V.); (N.K.); (O.P.); (E.E.)
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (N.S.); (P.F.)
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Yanakieva S, Frost BE, Amin E, Nelson AJD, Aggleton JP. Disrupting direct inputs from the dorsal subiculum to the granular retrosplenial cortex impairs flexible spatial memory in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2715-2731. [PMID: 38494604 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In a changing environment, animals must process spatial signals in a flexible manner. The rat hippocampal formation projects directly upon the retrosplenial cortex, with most inputs arising from the dorsal subiculum and terminating in the granular retrosplenial cortex (area 29). The present study examined whether these same projections are required for spatial working memory and what happens when available spatial cues are altered. Consequently, injections of iDREADDs were made into the dorsal subiculum of rats. In a separate control group, GFP-expressing adeno-associated virus was injected into the dorsal subiculum. Both groups received intracerebral infusions within the retrosplenial cortex of clozapine, which in the iDREADDs rats should selectively disrupt the subiculum to retrosplenial projections. When tested on reinforced T-maze alternation, disruption of the subiculum to retrosplenial projections had no evident effect on the performance of those alternation trials when all spatial-cue types remained present and unchanged. However, the same iDREADDs manipulation impaired performance on all three alternation conditions when there was a conflict or selective removal of spatial cues. These findings reveal how the direct projections from the dorsal subiculum to the retrosplenial cortex support the flexible integration of different spatial cue types, helping the animal to adopt the spatial strategy that best meets current environmental demands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eman Amin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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Suh J, Park YH, Kim HR, Jang JW, Yi S, Kang MJ, Bae YJ, Choi BS, Kim JH, Kim S. Ventral Anterior Cingulate Atrophy as a Predisposing Factor for Transient Global Amnesia. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2024; 23:89-94. [PMID: 38720827 PMCID: PMC11073926 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2024.23.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with acute transient global amnesia (TGA) using volumetric analysis to verify whether the brains of TGA patients have pre-existing structural abnormalities. Methods We evaluated the brain MRI data from 87 TGA patients and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We included brain MRIs obtained from TGA patients within 72 hours of symptom onset to verify the pre-existence of structural change. For voxel-based morphometric analyses, statistical parametric mapping was employed to analyze the structural differences between patients with TGA and control subjects. Results TGA patients exhibited significant volume reductions in the bilateral ventral anterior cingulate cortices (corrected p<0.05). Conclusions TGA patients might have pre-existing structural changes in bilateral ventral anterior cingulate cortices prior to TGA attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewon Suh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang-Rai Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - SangHak Yi
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Iksan, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jung Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Se Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mou X, Ji D. Observational activation of anterior cingulate cortical neurons coordinates hippocampal replay in social learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.587484. [PMID: 38617364 PMCID: PMC11014478 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.587484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Social learning enables a subject to make decisions by observing the actions of another. How neural circuits acquire relevant information during observation to guide subsequent behavior is unknown. Utilizing an observational spatial working memory task, we show that neurons in the rat anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) associated with spatial trajectories during self-running in a maze are activated when observing another rat running the same maze. The observation-induced ACC activities are reduced in error trials and are correlated with activities of hippocampal place cells representing the same trajectories. The ACC activities during observation also predict subsequent hippocampal place cell activities during sharp-wave ripples and spatial contents of hippocampal replay prior to self-running. The results support that ACC neurons involved in decisions during self-running are reactivated during observation and coordinate hippocampal replay to guide subsequent spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Mou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daoyun Ji
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Lead Contact
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Deloulme JC, Leclercq M, Deschaux O, Flore G, Capellano L, Tocco C, Braz BY, Studer M, Lahrech H. Structural interhemispheric connectivity defects in mouse models of BBSOAS: Insights from high spatial resolution 3D white matter tractography. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106455. [PMID: 38408685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) tract formation and axonal pathfinding are major processes in brain development allowing to establish precise connections between targeted structures. Disruptions in axon pathfinding and connectivity impairments will lead to neural circuitry abnormalities, often associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Among several neuroimaging methodologies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has the advantage of visualizing in 3D the WM tractography of the whole brain non-invasively. DTI is particularly valuable in unpinning structural tract connectivity defects of neural networks in NDDs. In this study, we used 3D DTI to unveil brain-specific tract defects in two mouse models lacking the Nr2f1 gene, which mutations in patients have been proven to cause an emerging NDD, called Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy (BBSOAS). We aimed to investigate the impact of the lack of cortical Nr2f1 function on WM morphometry and tract microstructure quantifications. We found in both mutant mice partial loss of fibers and severe misrouting of the two major cortical commissural tracts, the corpus callosum, and the anterior commissure, as well as the two major hippocampal efferent tracts, the post-commissural fornix, and the ventral hippocampal commissure. DTI tract malformations were supported by 2D histology, 3D fluorescent imaging, and behavioral analyses. We propose that these interhemispheric connectivity impairments are consistent in explaining some cognitive defects described in BBSOAS patients, particularly altered information processing between the two brain hemispheres. Finally, our results highlight 3DDTI as a relevant neuroimaging modality that can provide appropriate morphometric biomarkers for further diagnosis of BBSOAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Deschaux
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Gemma Flore
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laetitia Capellano
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Tocco
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Barbara Yael Braz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle Studer
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France.
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Lu Y, Li M, Zhuang Y, Lin Z, Nie B, Lei J, Zhao Y, Zhao H. Combination of fMRI and PET reveals the beneficial effect of three-phase enriched environment on post-stroke memory deficits by enhancing plasticity of brain connectivity between hippocampus and peri-hippocampal cortex. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14466. [PMID: 37752881 PMCID: PMC10916434 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The three-phase enriched environment (EE) intervention paradigm has been shown to improve learning and memory function after cerebral ischemia, but the neuronal mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the hippocampal-cortical connectivity and the metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of EE-induced memory improvement after stroke. METHODS Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) or sham surgery and housed in standard environment or EE for 30 days. Memory function was examined by Morris water maze (MWM) test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted to detect the structural and functional changes. [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) was conducted to detect brain energy metabolism. PET-based brain connectivity and network analysis was performed to study the changes of hippocampal-cortical connectivity. Astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, including gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43), glucose transporters (GLUTs), and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), was detected by histological studies. RESULTS Our results showed EE promoted memory function improvement, protected structure integrity, and benefited energy metabolism after stroke. More importantly, EE intervention significantly increased functional connectivity between the hippocampus and peri-hippocampal cortical regions, and specifically regulated the level of Cx43, GLUTs and MCTs in the hippocampus and cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the three-phase enriched environment paradigm enhanced hippocampal-cortical connectivity plasticity and ameliorated post-stroke memory deficits. These findings might provide some new clues for the development of EE and thus facilitate the clinical transformation of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Mingcong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Yuming Zhuang
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Ziyue Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianfeng Lei
- Core Facilities CenterCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Core Facilities CenterCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory ResearchBeijingChina
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Einenkel AM, Salameh A. Selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells: What are possible pathomechanisms and should more attention be paid to the CA3 region in future studies? J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25276. [PMID: 38284845 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Transient ischemia and reperfusion selectively damage neurons in brain, with hippocampal pyramidal cells being particularly vulnerable. Even within hippocampus, heterogeneous susceptibility is evident, with higher vulnerability of CA1 versus CA3 neurons described for several decades. Therefore, numerous studies have focused exclusively on CA1. Pediatric cardiac surgery is increasingly focusing on studies of hippocampal structures, and a negative impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on the hippocampus cannot be denied. Recent studies show a shift in selective vulnerability from neurons of CA1 to CA3. This review shows that cell damage is increased in CA3, sometimes stronger than in CA1, depending on several factors (method, species, age, observation period). Despite a highly variable pattern, several markers illustrate greater damage to CA3 neurons than previously assumed. Nevertheless, the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been fully deciphered to date. The complexity is reflected in possible pathomechanisms discussed here, with numerous factors (NMDA, kainate and AMPA receptors, intrinsic oxidative stress potential and various radicals, AKT isoforms, differences in vascular architecture, ratio of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 factors, vulnerability of interneurons, mitochondrial dysregulation) contributing to either enhanced CA1 or CA3 vulnerability. Furthermore, differences in expressed genome, proteome, metabolome, and transcriptome in CA1 and CA3 appear to influence differential behavior after damaging stimuli, thus metabolomics-, transcriptomics-, and proteomics-based analyses represent a viable option to identify pathways of selective vulnerability in hippocampal neurons. These results emphasize that future studies should focus on the CA3 field in addition to CA1, especially with regard to improving therapeutic strategies after ischemic/hypoxic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Einenkel
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aida Salameh
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Aggleton JP, Vann SD, O'Mara SM. Converging diencephalic and hippocampal supports for episodic memory. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108728. [PMID: 37939875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the neural basis of episodic memory it is necessary to appreciate the significance of the fornix. This pathway creates a direct link between those temporal lobe and medial diencephalic sites responsible for anterograde amnesia. A collaboration with Andrew Mayes made it possible to recruit and scan 38 patients with colloid cysts in the third ventricle, a condition associated with variable fornix damage. Complete fornix loss was seen in three patients, who suffered chronic long-term memory problems. Volumetric analyses involving all 38 patients then revealed a highly consistent relationship between mammillary body volume and the recall of episodic memory. That relationship was not seen for working memory or tests of recognition memory. Three different methods all supported a dissociation between recollective-based recognition (impaired) and familiarity-based recognition (spared). This dissociation helped to show how the mammillary body-anterior thalamic nuclei axis, as well as the hippocampus, is vital for episodic memory yet is not required for familiarity-based recognition. These findings set the scene for a reformulation of temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia. In this revised model, these two regions converge on overlapping cortical areas, including retrosplenial cortex. The united actions of the hippocampal formation and the anterior thalamic nuclei on these cortical areas enable episodic memory encoding and consolidation, impacting on subsequent recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Seralynne D Vann
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Shane M O'Mara
- School of Psychology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin - the University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.
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12
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Bird CW, Mayfield SS, Lopez KM, Dunn BR, Feng A, Roberts BT, Almeida RN, Chavez GJ, Valenzuela CF. Binge-like ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt disrupts the function of retrosplenial cortex-projecting anterior thalamic neurons in adolescent mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 241:109738. [PMID: 37778437 PMCID: PMC10842955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) exposure during late pregnancy leads to enduring impairments in learning and memory that may stem from damage to components of the posterior limbic memory system, including the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN). In rodents, binge-like EtOH exposure during the first week of life (equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy) triggers apoptosis in these brain regions. We hypothesized that this effect induces long-lasting alterations in the function of RSC-projecting ATN neurons. To test this hypothesis, vesicular GABA transporter-Venus mice (expressing fluorescently tagged GABAergic interneurons) were subjected to binge-like EtOH vapor exposure on postnatal day (P) 7. This paradigm activated caspase 3 in the anterodorsal (AD), anteroventral (AV), and reticular thalamic nuclei at P7 but did not reduce neuronal density in these areas at P60-70. At P40-60, we injected red retrobeads into the RSC and performed patch-clamp slice electrophysiological recordings from retrogradely labeled neurons in the AD and AV nuclei 3-4 days later. We found significant effects of treatment on instantaneous action potential (AP) frequency and AP overshoot, as well as sex × treatment interactions for AP threshold and overshoot in AD neurons. A sex × treatment interaction was detected for AP number in AV neurons. EtOH exposure also reduced the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and increased the charge transfer of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These results highlight a novel cellular mechanism that could contribute to the lasting learning and memory deficits associated with developmental EtOH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Bird
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stefanie S Mayfield
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Katalina M Lopez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Brooke R Dunn
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Angela Feng
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bryce T Roberts
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Roberto N Almeida
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Glenna J Chavez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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Markicevic M, Sturman O, Bohacek J, Rudin M, Zerbi V, Fulcher BD, Wenderoth N. Neuromodulation of striatal D1 cells shapes BOLD fluctuations in anatomically connected thalamic and cortical regions. eLife 2023; 12:e78620. [PMID: 37824184 PMCID: PMC10569790 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain's macroscale dynamics are shaped by underlying microscale mechanisms is a key problem in neuroscience. In animal models, we can now investigate this relationship in unprecedented detail by directly manipulating cellular-level properties while measuring the whole-brain response using resting-state fMRI. Here, we focused on understanding how blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) dynamics, measured within a structurally well-defined striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in mice, are shaped by chemogenetically exciting or inhibiting D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the right dorsomedial caudate putamen (CPdm). We characterize changes in both the BOLD dynamics of individual cortical and subcortical brain areas, and patterns of inter-regional coupling (functional connectivity) between pairs of areas. Using a classification approach based on a large and diverse set of time-series properties, we found that CPdm neuromodulation alters BOLD dynamics within thalamic subregions that project back to dorsomedial striatum. In the cortex, changes in local dynamics were strongest in unimodal regions (which process information from a single sensory modality) and weakened along a hierarchical gradient towards transmodal regions. In contrast, a decrease in functional connectivity was observed only for cortico-striatal connections after D1 excitation. Our results show that targeted cellular-level manipulations affect local BOLD dynamics at the macroscale, such as by making BOLD dynamics more predictable over time by increasing its self-correlation structure. This contributes to ongoing attempts to understand the influence of structure-function relationships in shaping inter-regional communication at subcortical and cortical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Oliver Sturman
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, HEST, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, HEST, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Engineering (STI), EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
- CIBM Centre for Biomedical ImagingLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ben D Fulcher
- School of Physics, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)SingaporeSingapore
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14
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Cao Y, Cao S, Ge RL, Bao H, Mou Y, Ji W. Brain-aging related protein expression and imaging characteristics of mice exposed to chronic hypoxia at high altitude. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1268230. [PMID: 37849650 PMCID: PMC10577427 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1268230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine changes in protein expression related to brain aging and imaging features in mice after chronic hypoxia exposure at high altitude. Method A total of 24 healthy 4-week-old mice were randomly divided into high altitude hypoxia (HH) and plain control (PC) groups (n = 8 per group). HH mice were transported from Xi'an (450 m above sea level) to Maduo (4,300 m above sea level) while PC mice were raised in Xi'an. After 6 months, 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. All mice completed T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) examinations. Next, brain slices were prepared and Nissl staining was used to observe morphological changes in neurons. Ultrastructural changes in neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Expression changes of Caspase-3, klotho, P16, P21, and P53 at the gene and protein levels were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results The number of neuronal Nissl bodies in the hippocampus and frontal cortex was significantly decreased in the HH group compared to the PC group. Some hippocampal and frontal cortical neurons were apoptotic, the nuclei were wrinkled, chromatin was aggregated, and most mitochondria were mildly swollen (crista lysis, fracture). Compared with the PC group, the HH group showed elevated expression of caspase-3 mRNA, P16 mRNA, P21 mRNA, and P53 mRNA in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Expression of Klotho mRNA in the frontal cortex was also significantly decreased. Western blot results showed that caspase-3 protein expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the HH group was increased compared with the PC group. Moreover, there was decreased Klotho protein expression and significantly increased P-P53 protein expression. Compared with the PC group, expression of P16 protein in the frontal cortex of the HH group was increased and the gray matter (GM) volume in the left visceral area, left caudate nucleus, and left piriform cortex was decreased. Furthermore, the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation was decreased in the left posterior nongranular insular lobe, right small cell reticular nucleus, left flocculus, left accessory flocculus, and left primary auditory area, but increased in the GM layer of the left superior colliculus. Regional homogeneity was decreased in the left and right olfactory regions, but increased in the left bed nucleus. After exposure to high altitude, functional connectivity (FC) between the bilateral caudate nucleus and thalamus, corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, anterior limbic cortex, globus pallidus, and hippocampus was weakened. FC between the right caudate nucleus and hypothalamus and entorhinal cortex was also weakened. The fractional anisotropy value of the left hippocampus was decreased in the HH group. Compared with the PC group, the HH group showed significantly increased inner diameters of the bilateral common carotid artery and left internal carotid artery. The cerebral blood flow values of the bilateral cortex and bilateral hippocampus in the HH group did not change significantly. Conclusion Taken together, our findings show that chronic hypoxia exposure at high altitude may promote neuronal apoptosis and abnormal expression of related proteins, changing the structure and function of brain. These changes may contribute to brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cao
- Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shundao Cao
- Department of Neurology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haihua Bao
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yalin Mou
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Weizhong Ji
- Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
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15
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Ojeda Valencia G, Gregg NM, Huang H, Lundstrom BN, Brinkmann BH, Pal Attia T, Van Gompel JJ, Bernstein MA, In MH, Huston J, Worrell GA, Miller KJ, Hermes D. Signatures of Electrical Stimulation Driven Network Interactions in the Human Limbic System. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6697-6711. [PMID: 37620159 PMCID: PMC10538586 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2201-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation-evoked signals are starting to be used as biomarkers to indicate the state and health of brain networks. The human limbic network, often targeted for brain stimulation therapy, is involved in emotion and memory processing. Previous anatomic, neurophysiological, and functional studies suggest distinct subsystems within the limbic network (Rolls, 2015). Studies using intracranial electrical stimulation, however, have emphasized the similarities of the evoked waveforms across the limbic network. We test whether these subsystems have distinct stimulation-driven signatures. In eight patients (four male, four female) with drug-resistant epilepsy, we stimulated the limbic system with single-pulse electrical stimulation. Reliable corticocortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) were measured between hippocampus and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and between the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the CCEP waveform in the PCC after hippocampal stimulation showed a unique and reliable morphology, which we term the "limbic Hippocampus-Anterior nucleus of the thalamus-Posterior cingulate, HAP-wave." This limbic HAP-wave was visually distinct and separately decoded from the CCEP waveform in ACC after amygdala stimulation. Diffusion MRI data show that the measured end points in the PCC overlap with the end points of the parolfactory cingulum bundle rather than the parahippocampal cingulum, suggesting that the limbic HAP-wave may travel through fornix, mammillary bodies, and the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT). This was further confirmed by stimulating the ANT, which evoked the same limbic HAP-wave but with an earlier latency. Limbic subsystems have unique stimulation-evoked signatures that may be used in the future to help network pathology diagnosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The limbic system is often compromised in diverse clinical conditions, such as epilepsy or Alzheimer's disease, and characterizing its typical circuit responses may provide diagnostic insight. Stimulation-evoked waveforms have been used in the motor system to diagnose circuit pathology. We translate this framework to limbic subsystems using human intracranial stereo EEG (sEEG) recordings that measure deeper brain areas. Our sEEG recordings describe a stimulation-evoked waveform characteristic to the memory and spatial subsystem of the limbic network that we term the "limbic HAP-wave." The limbic HAP-wave follows anatomic white matter pathways from hippocampus to thalamus to the posterior cingulum and shows promise as a distinct biomarker of signaling in the human brain memory and spatial limbic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ojeda Valencia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Nicholas M Gregg
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Harvey Huang
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Brian N Lundstrom
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | | | - Tal Pal Attia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Jamie J Van Gompel
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Matt A Bernstein
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Myung-Ho In
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - John Huston
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Gregory A Worrell
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Kai J Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
| | - Dora Hermes
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
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Zacks O, Jablonka E. The evolutionary origins of the Global Neuronal Workspace in vertebrates. Neurosci Conscious 2023; 2023:niad020. [PMID: 37711313 PMCID: PMC10499063 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Neuronal Workspace theory of consciousness offers an explicit functional architecture that relates consciousness to cognitive abilities such as perception, attention, memory, and evaluation. We show that the functional architecture of the Global Neuronal Workspace, which is based mainly on human studies, corresponds to the cognitive-affective architecture proposed by the Unlimited Associative Learning theory that describes minimal consciousness. However, we suggest that when applied to basal vertebrates, both models require important modifications to accommodate what has been learned about the evolution of the vertebrate brain. Most importantly, comparative studies suggest that in basal vertebrates, the Global Neuronal Workspace is instantiated by the event memory system found in the hippocampal homolog. This proposal has testable predictions and implications for understanding hippocampal and cortical functions, the evolutionary relations between memory and consciousness, and the evolution of unified perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oryan Zacks
- The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6934525, Israel
| | - Eva Jablonka
- The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6934525, Israel
- CPNSS, London School of Economics, Houghton St., London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
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17
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Hari E, Kizilates-Evin G, Kurt E, Bayram A, Ulasoglu-Yildiz C, Gurvit H, Demiralp T. Functional and structural connectivity in the Papez circuit in different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 153:33-45. [PMID: 37451080 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative continuum with memory impairment. We aimed to examine the detailed functional (FC) and structural connectivity (SC) pattern of the Papez circuit, known as the memory circuit, along the AD. METHODS MRI data of 15 patients diagnosed with AD dementia (ADD), 15 patients with the amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 15 patients with subjective cognitive impairment were analyzed. The FC analyses were performed between main nodes of the Papez circuit, and the SC was quantified as fractional anisotropy (FA) of the main white matter pathways of the Papez circuit. RESULTS The FC between the retrosplenial (RSC) and parahippocampal cortices (PHC) was the earliest affected FC, while a manifest SC change in the ventral cingulum and fornix was observed in the later ADD stage. The RSC-PHC FC and the ventral cingulum FA efficiently predicted the memory performance of the non-demented participants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the importance of the Papez circuit as target regions along the AD. SIGNIFICANCE The ventral cingulum connecting the RSC and PHC, a critical overlap area between the Papez circuit and the default mode network, seems to be a target region associated with the earliest objective memory findings in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Hari
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34216 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Kizilates-Evin
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elif Kurt
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Bayram
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Ulasoglu-Yildiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
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18
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Sainburg LE, Janson AP, Johnson GW, Jiang JW, Rogers BP, Chang C, Englot DJ, Morgan VL. Structural disconnection relates to functional changes after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Brain 2023; 146:3913-3922. [PMID: 37018067 PMCID: PMC10473561 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy surgery consists of surgical resection of the epileptic focus and is recommended for patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. However, focal brain lesions can lead to effects in distant brain regions. Similarly, the focal resection in temporal lobe epilepsy surgery has been shown to lead to functional changes distant from the resection. Here we hypothesize that there are changes in brain function caused by temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in regions distant from the resection that are due to their structural disconnection from the resected epileptic focus. Therefore, the goal of this study was to localize changes in brain function caused by temporal lobe epilepsy surgery and relate them to the disconnection from the resected epileptic focus. This study takes advantage of the unique opportunity that epilepsy surgery provides to investigate the effects of focal disconnections on brain function in humans, which has implications in epilepsy and broader neuroscience. Changes in brain function from pre- to post-epilepsy surgery were quantified in a group of temporal lobe epilepsy patients (n = 36) using a measure of resting state functional MRI activity fluctuations. We identified regions with significant functional MRI changes that had high structural connectivity to the resected region in healthy controls (n = 96) and patients based on diffusion MRI. The structural disconnection from the resected epileptic focus was then estimated using presurgical diffusion MRI and related to the functional MRI changes from pre- to post-surgery in these regions. Functional MRI activity fluctuations increased from pre- to post-surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy in the two regions most highly structurally connected to the resected epileptic focus in healthy controls and patients-the thalamus and the fusiform gyrus ipsilateral to the side of surgery (PFWE < 0.05). Broader surgeries led to larger functional MRI changes in the thalamus than more selective surgeries (P < 0.05), but no other clinical variables were related to functional MRI changes in either the thalamus or fusiform. The magnitude of the functional MRI changes in both the thalamus and fusiform increased with a higher estimated structural disconnection from the resected epileptic focus when controlling for the type of surgery (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the structural disconnection from the resected epileptic focus may contribute to the functional changes seen after epilepsy surgery. Broadly, this study provides a novel link between focal disconnections in the structural brain network and downstream effects on function in distant brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E Sainburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew P Janson
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Graham W Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jasmine W Jiang
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Dario J Englot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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19
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Xing C, Chang W, Liu Y, Tong Z, Xu X, Yin X, Wu Y, Chen YC, Fang X. Alteration in resting-state effective connectivity within the Papez circuit in Presbycusis. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3026-3036. [PMID: 37337805 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the Papez circuit may be involved in the cognitive impairment observed after hearing loss in presbycusis patients, yet relatively little is known about the pattern of changes in effective connectivity within the circuit. The aim of this study was to investigate abnormal alterations in resting-state effective connectivity within the Papez circuit and their association with cognitive decline in presbycusis patients. The spectral dynamic causal modelling (spDCM) approach was used for resting-state effective connectivity analysis in 61 presbycusis patients and 52 healthy controls (HCs) within the Papez circuit. The hippocampus (HPC), mamillary body (MB), anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), entorhinal cortex (ERC), subiculum (Sub) and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) were selected as the regions of interest (ROIs). The fully connected model difference in effective connectivity between the two groups was assessed, and the correlation between effective connectivity alteration and cognitive scale was analysed. We found that presbycusis patients demonstrated decreased effective connectivity from MB, PCC, and Sub to ACC relative to HCs, whereas higher effective connectivity strength was shown from HPC to MB, from ATN to PHG and from PHG to Sub. The effective connectivity from PHG to Sub was significantly negatively correlated with the complex figure test (CFT)-delay score (rho = -0.259, p = 0.044). The results support and reinforce the role of abnormal effective connectivity within the Papez circuit in the pathophysiology of presbycusis-related cognitive impairment and reveal its potential as a novel imaging marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Xing
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Yuhua Hospital, Yuhua Branch of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaopeng Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanqing Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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20
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Lomi E, Jeffery KJ, Mitchell AS. Convergence of location, direction, and theta in the rat anteroventral thalamic nucleus. iScience 2023; 26:106993. [PMID: 37448560 PMCID: PMC10336163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus and cortex are anatomically interconnected, with the thalamus providing integral information for cortical functions. The anteroventral thalamic nucleus (AV) is reciprocally connected to retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Two distinct AV subfields, dorsomedial (AVDM) and ventrolateral (AVVL), project differentially to granular vs. dysgranular RSC, respectively. To probe if functional responses of AV neurons differ, we recorded single neurons and local field potentials from AVDM and AVVL in rats during foraging. We observed place cells (neurons modulated by spatial location) in both AVDM and AVVL. Additionally, we characterized neurons modulated by theta oscillations, heading direction, and a conjunction of these. Place cells and conjunctive Theta-by-Head direction cells were more prevalent in AVVL; more non-conjunctive theta and directional neurons were prevalent in AVDM. These findings add further evidence that there are two thalamocortical circuits connecting AV and RSC, and reveal that the signaling involves place information in addition to direction and theta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lomi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, The Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, OX1 3SR Oxford, UK
| | - Kate J. Jeffery
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QB Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna S. Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, The Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, OX1 3SR Oxford, UK
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21
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Zhou Y, Wei L, Gao S, Wang J, Hu Z. Characterization of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging revealing relationships between white matter disconnection and behavioral disturbances in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1209378. [PMID: 37360170 PMCID: PMC10285107 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1209378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter disconnection is the primary cause of cognition and affection abnormality in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Adequate understanding of behavioral disturbances, such as cognition and affection abnormality in MCI, can help to intervene and slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) promptly. Diffusion MRI is a non-invasive and effective technique for studying white matter microstructure. This review searched the relevant papers published from 2010 to 2022. Sixty-nine studies using diffusion MRI for white matter disconnections associated with behavioral disturbances in MCI were screened. Fibers connected to the hippocampus and temporal lobe were associated with cognition decline in MCI. Fibers connected to the thalamus were associated with both cognition and affection abnormality. This review summarized the correspondence between white matter disconnections and behavioral disturbances such as cognition and affection, which provides a theoretical basis for the future diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Song Gao
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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22
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Huang WC, Peng Z, Murdock MH, Liu L, Mathys H, Davila-Velderrain J, Jiang X, Chen M, Ng AP, Kim T, Abdurrob F, Gao F, Bennett DA, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Lateral mammillary body neurons in mouse brain are disproportionately vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq1019. [PMID: 37075128 PMCID: PMC10511020 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The neural circuits governing the induction and progression of neurodegeneration and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are incompletely understood. The mammillary body (MB), a subcortical node of the medial limbic circuit, is one of the first brain regions to exhibit amyloid deposition in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Amyloid burden in the MB correlates with pathological diagnosis of AD in human postmortem brain tissue. Whether and how MB neuronal circuitry contributes to neurodegeneration and memory deficits in AD are unknown. Using 5xFAD mice and postmortem MB samples from individuals with varying degrees of AD pathology, we identified two neuronal cell types in the MB harboring distinct electrophysiological properties and long-range projections: lateral neurons and medial neurons. lateral MB neurons harbored aberrant hyperactivity and exhibited early neurodegeneration in 5xFAD mice compared with lateral MB neurons in wild-type littermates. Inducing hyperactivity in lateral MB neurons in wild-type mice impaired performance on memory tasks, whereas attenuating aberrant hyperactivity in lateral MB neurons ameliorated memory deficits in 5xFAD mice. Our findings suggest that neurodegeneration may be a result of genetically distinct, projection-specific cellular dysfunction and that dysregulated lateral MB neurons may be causally linked to memory deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Huang
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhuyu Peng
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mitchell H. Murdock
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liwang Liu
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hansruedi Mathys
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jose Davila-Velderrain
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xueqiao Jiang
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maggie Chen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ayesha P. Ng
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - TaeHyun Kim
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fatema Abdurrob
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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23
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Rolls ET, Feng R, Feng J. Lifestyle risks associated with brain functional connectivity and structure. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2479-2492. [PMID: 36799566 PMCID: PMC10028639 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Some lifestyle factors are related to health and brain function and structure, but the brain systems involved are incompletely understood. A general linear model was used to test the associations of the combined and separate lifestyle risk measures of alcohol use, smoking, diet, amounts of physical activity, leisure activity, and mobile phone use, with brain functional connectivity with the high resolution Human Connectome Project (HCP) atlas in 19,415 participants aged 45-78 from the UK Biobank, with replication with HCP data. Higher combined lifestyle risk scores were associated with lower functional connectivity across the whole brain, but especially of three brain systems. Low physical, and leisure and social, activity were associated with low connectivities of the somatosensory/motor cortical regions and of hippocampal memory-related regions. Low mobile phone use, perhaps indicative of poor social communication channels, was associated with low functional connectivity of brain regions in and related to the superior temporal sulcus that are involved in social behavior and face processing. Smoking was associated with lower functional connectivity of especially frontal regions involved in attention. Lower cortical thickness in some of these regions, and also lower subcortical volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, and globus pallidus, were also associated with the sum of the poor lifestyle scores. This very large scale analysis emphasizes how the lifestyle of humans relates to their brain structure and function, and provides a foundation for understanding the causalities that relate to the differences found here in the brains of different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruiqing Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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24
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Sagehorn M, Johnsdorf M, Kisker J, Sylvester S, Gruber T, Schöne B. Real-life relevant face perception is not captured by the N170 but reflected in later potentials: A comparison of 2D and virtual reality stimuli. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1050892. [PMID: 37057177 PMCID: PMC10086431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1050892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of faces is one of the most specialized visual processes in the human brain and has been investigated by means of the early event-related potential component N170. However, face perception has mostly been studied in the conventional laboratory, i.e., monitor setups, offering rather distal presentation of faces as planar 2D-images. Increasing spatial proximity through Virtual Reality (VR) allows to present 3D, real-life-sized persons at personal distance to participants, thus creating a feeling of social involvement and adding a self-relevant value to the presented faces. The present study compared the perception of persons under conventional laboratory conditions (PC) with realistic conditions in VR. Paralleling standard designs, pictures of unknown persons and standard control images were presented in a PC- and a VR-modality. To investigate how the mechanisms of face perception differ under realistic conditions from those under conventional laboratory conditions, the typical face-specific N170 and subsequent components were analyzed in both modalities. Consistent with previous laboratory research, the N170 lost discriminatory power when translated to realistic conditions, as it only discriminated faces and controls under laboratory conditions. Most interestingly, analysis of the later component [230–420 ms] revealed more differentiated face-specific processing in VR, as indicated by distinctive, stimulus-specific topographies. Complemented by source analysis, the results on later latencies show that face-specific neural mechanisms are applied only under realistic conditions (A video abstract is available in the Supplementary material and via YouTube: https://youtu.be/TF8wiPUrpSY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Sagehorn
- Experimental Psychology I, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- *Correspondence: Merle Sagehorn,
| | - Marike Johnsdorf
- Experimental Psychology I, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Joanna Kisker
- Experimental Psychology I, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sophia Sylvester
- Semantic Information Systems Research Group, Institute of Computer Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Experimental Psychology I, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schöne
- Experimental Psychology I, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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25
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Pavlova A, Tyulenev N, Tretyakova V, Skavronskaya V, Nikolaeva A, Prokofyev A, Stroganova T, Chernyshev B. Learning of new associations invokes a major change in modulations of cortical beta oscillations in human adults. Psychophysiology 2023:e14284. [PMID: 36906906 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale cortical beta (β) oscillations were implicated in the learning processes, but their exact role is debated. We used MEG to explore the dynamics of movement-related β-oscillations while 22 adults learned, through trial and error, novel associations between four auditory pseudowords and movements of four limbs. As learning proceeded, spatial-temporal characteristics of β-oscillations accompanying cue-triggered movements underwent a major transition. Early in learning, widespread suppression of β-power occurred long before movement initiation and sustained throughout the whole behavioral trial. When learning advanced and performance reached asymptote, β-suppression after the initiation of correct motor response was replaced by a rise in β-power mainly in the prefrontal and medial temporal regions of the left hemisphere. This post-decision β-power predicted trial-by-trial response times (RT) at both stages of learning (before and after the rules become familiar), but with different signs of interaction. When a subject just started to acquire associative rules and gradually improved task performance, a decrease in RT correlated with the increase in the post-decision β-band power. When the participants implemented the already acquired rules, faster (more confident) responses were associated with the weaker post-decision β-band synchronization. Our findings suggest that maximal beta activity is pertinent to a distinct stage of learning and may serve to strengthen the newly learned association in a distributed memory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pavlova
- Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita Tyulenev
- Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Tretyakova
- Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriya Skavronskaya
- Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Nikolaeva
- Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Prokofyev
- Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Stroganova
- Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Boris Chernyshev
- Center for Neurocognitive Research (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Higher Nervous Activity, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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26
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Llosa-Vite C, Maitra R. Reduced-Rank Tensor-on-Tensor Regression and Tensor-Variate Analysis of Variance. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2023; 45:2282-2296. [PMID: 35380954 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.2022.3164836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fitting regression models with many multivariate responses and covariates can be challenging, but such responses and covariates sometimes have tensor-variate structure. We extend the classical multivariate regression model to exploit such structure in two ways: first, we impose four types of low-rank tensor formats on the regression coefficients. Second, we model the errors using the tensor-variate normal distribution that imposes a Kronecker separable format on the covariance matrix. We obtain maximum likelihood estimators via block-relaxation algorithms and derive their computational complexity and asymptotic distributions. Our regression framework enables us to formulate tensor-variate analysis of variance (TANOVA) methodology. This methodology, when applied in a one-way TANOVA layout, enables us to identify cerebral regions significantly associated with the interaction of suicide attempters or non-attemptor ideators and positive-, negative- or death-connoting words in a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study. Another application uses three-way TANOVA on the Labeled Faces in the Wild image dataset to distinguish facial characteristics related to ethnic origin, age group and gender. A R package totr implements the methodology.
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27
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Pelekanos V, Premereur E, Mitchell AS. Structural Connectivity Changes After Fornix Transection in Macaques Using Probabilistic Diffusion Tractography. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:11-20. [PMID: 37525029 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The fornix, the limbic system's white matter tract connecting the extended hippocampal system to subcortical structures of the medial diencephalon, is strongly associated with learning and memory in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Here, we sought to investigate alterations in structural connectivity across key cortical and subcortical regions after fornix transection in NHPs. We collected diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) data from three macaque monkeys that underwent bilateral fornix transection during neurosurgery and from four age- and cohort-matched control macaques that underwent surgery to implant a head-post but remained neurologically intact. dMRI data were collected from both groups at two time points, before and after the surgeries, and scans took place at around the same time for the two groups. We used probabilistic tractography and employed the number of tracking streamlines to quantify connectivity across our regions of interest (ROIs), in all dMRI sessions. In the neurologically intact monkeys, we observed high connectivity across certain ROIs, including the CA3 hippocampal subfield with the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), the anterior thalamus with the RSC, and the RSC with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, we found that, compared to the control group, the fornix-transected monkeys showed marked, significant, connectivity changes including increases between the anterior thalamus and the ACC and between the CA3 and the ACC, as well as decreases between the CA3 and the RSC. Our results highlight cortical and subcortical network changes after fornix transection and identify candidate indirect connectivity routes that may support memory functions after damage and/or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsie Premereur
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychology, Hearing and Speech, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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28
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Fernández-Rubio G, Brattico E, Kotz SA, Kringelbach ML, Vuust P, Bonetti L. Magnetoencephalography recordings reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of recognition memory for complex versus simple auditory sequences. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1272. [PMID: 36402843 PMCID: PMC9675809 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory recognition is a crucial cognitive process that relies on the organization of single elements over time. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying the conscious recognition of auditory sequences varying in complexity. To study this, we asked 71 participants to learn and recognize simple tonal musical sequences and matched complex atonal sequences while their brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Results reveal qualitative changes in neural activity dependent on stimulus complexity: recognition of tonal sequences engages hippocampal and cingulate areas, whereas recognition of atonal sequences mainly activates the auditory processing network. Our findings reveal the involvement of a cortico-subcortical brain network for auditory recognition and support the idea that stimulus complexity qualitatively alters the neural pathways of recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Fernández-Rubio
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elvira Brattico
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sonja A. Kotz
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morten L. Kringelbach
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Vuust
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Bonetti
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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29
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Hussin AT, Abbaspoor S, Hoffman KL. Retrosplenial and Hippocampal Synchrony during Retrieval of Old Memories in Macaques. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7947-7956. [PMID: 36261267 PMCID: PMC9617609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0001-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory for events from the distant past relies on multiple brain regions, but little is known about the underlying neural dynamics that give rise to such abilities. We recorded neural activity in the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex of two female rhesus macaques as they visually selected targets in year-old and newly acquired object-scene associations. Whereas hippocampal activity was unchanging with memory age, the retrosplenial cortex responded with greater magnitude alpha oscillations (10-15 Hz) and greater phase locking to memory-guided eye movements during retrieval of old events. A similar old-memory enhancement was observed in the anterior cingulate cortex but in a beta2/gamma band (28-35 Hz). In contrast, remote retrieval was associated with decreased gamma-band synchrony between the hippocampus and each neocortical area. The increasing retrosplenial alpha oscillation and decreasing hippocampocortical synchrony with memory age may signify a shift in frank memory allocation or, alternatively, changes in selection among distributed memory representations in the primate brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Memory depends on multiple brain regions, whose involvement is thought to change with time. Here, we recorded neuronal population activity from the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex as nonhuman primates searched for objects embedded in scenes. These memoranda were either newly presented or a year old. Remembering old material drove stronger oscillations in the retrosplenial cortex and led to a greater locking of neural activity to search movements. Remembering new material revealed stronger oscillatory synchrony between the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex. These results suggest that with age, memories may come to rely more exclusively on neocortical oscillations for retrieval and search guidance and less on long-range coupling with the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed T Hussin
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Kari L Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
- Departments of Psychology
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
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30
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Hamilton JJ, Dalrymple‐Alford JC. Anterior thalamic nuclei: A critical substrate for non-spatial paired-associate memory in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5014-5032. [PMID: 35985792 PMCID: PMC9804733 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Injury or dysfunction in the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) may be the key contributory factor in many instances of diencephalic amnesia. Experimental ATN lesions impair spatial memory and temporal discriminations, but there is only limited support for a more general role in non-spatial memory. To extend evidence on the effects of ATN lesions, we examined the acquisition of biconditional associations between odour and object pairings presented in a runway, either with or without a temporal gap between these items. Intact adult male rats acquired both the no-trace and 10-s trace versions of this non-spatial task. Intact rats trained in the trace version showed elevated Zif268 activation in the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus, suggesting that the temporal component recruited additional neural processing. ATN lesions completely blocked acquisition on both versions of this association-memory task. This deficit was not due to poor inhibition to non-rewarded cues or impaired sensory processing, because rats with ATN lesions were unimpaired in the acquisition of simple odour discriminations and simple object discriminations using similar task demands in the same apparatus. This evidence challenges the view that impairments in arbitrary paired-associate learning after ATN lesions require the use of multimodal spatial stimuli. It suggests that diencephalic amnesia associated with the ATN stems from degraded attention to stimulus-stimulus associations and their representation across a distributed memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Hamilton
- School of Psychology, Speech and HearingUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand,New Zealand Brain Research InstituteChristchurchNew Zealand,Brain Research New Zealand – Rangahau Roro AotearoaAucklandNew Zealand
| | - John C. Dalrymple‐Alford
- School of Psychology, Speech and HearingUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand,New Zealand Brain Research InstituteChristchurchNew Zealand,Brain Research New Zealand – Rangahau Roro AotearoaAucklandNew Zealand
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Higarza SG, Arboleya S, Arias JL, Gueimonde M, Arias N. The gut–microbiota–brain changes across the liver disease spectrum. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:994404. [PMID: 36159394 PMCID: PMC9490445 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.994404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a significant role in the progression of liver disease, and no effective drugs are available for the full spectrum. In this study, we aimed to explore the dynamic changes of gut microbiota along the liver disease spectrum, together with the changes in cognition and brain metabolism. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups reflecting different stages of liver disease: control diet (NC); high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHC), emulating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; control diet + thioacetamide (NC + TAA), simulating acute liver failure; and high-fat, high-cholesterol diet + thioacetamide (HFHC + TAA) to assess the effect of the superimposed damages. The diet was administered for 14 weeks and the thioacetamide was administrated (100 mg/kg day) intraperitoneally over 3 days. Our results showed changes in plasma biochemistry and liver damage across the spectrum. Differences in gut microbiota at the compositional level were found among the experimental groups. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family were most abundant in HFHC and HFHC + TAA groups, and Akkermansiaceae in the NC + TAA group, albeit lactobacilli genus being dominant in the NC group. Moreover, harm to the liver affected the diversity and bacterial community structure, with a loss of rare species. Indeed, the superimposed damage group (HFHC + TAA) suffered a loss of both rare and abundant species. Behavioral evaluation has shown that HFHC, NC + TAA, and HFHC + TAA displayed a worsened execution when discriminating the new object. Also, NC + TAA and HFHC + TAA were not capable of recognizing the changes in place of the object. Furthermore, working memory was affected in HFHC and HFHC + TAA groups, whereas the NC + TAA group displayed a significant delay in the acquisition. Brain oxidative metabolism changes were observed in the prefrontal, retrosplenial, and perirhinal cortices, as well as the amygdala and mammillary bodies. Besides, groups administered with thioacetamide presented an increased oxidative metabolic activity in the adrenal glands. These results highlight the importance of cross-comparison along the liver spectrum to understand the different gut–microbiota–brain changes. Furthermore, our data point out specific gut microbiota targets to design more effective treatments, though the liver–gut–brain axis focused on specific stages of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. Higarza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Institute of Dairy Products of the Principality of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jorge L. Arias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Institute of Dairy Products of the Principality of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Natalia Arias
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, BRABE Group, Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Natalia Arias,
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Resting state effective connectivity abnormalities of the Papez circuit and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3913-3919. [PMID: 35624146 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Papez circuit is central to memory and emotional processes. However, little is known about its involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to investigate abnormalities of resting state (RS) effective connectivity (EC) between regions of the Papez circuit in MS and their relationship with cognitive performances. Sixty-two MS patients and 64 healthy controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological assessment, 3D T1-weighted, and RS functional MRI. RS EC analysis was performed using SPM12 and dynamic causal modeling. RS EC abnormalities were investigated using parametric empirical Bayes models and were correlated with cognitive scores. Compared to HC, MS patients showed (posterior probability > 0.95) higher EC between the right entorhinal cortex and right subiculum, and lower EC from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), from left to right subiculum, from left anterior thalamus to ACC, and within ACC and PCC. Lower RS EC from the ACC to the PCC correlated with worse global cognitive scores (rho = 0.19; p = 0.03), worse visuospatial memory (rho = 0.19; p = 0.03) and worse semantic fluency (rho = 0.21; p = 0.02). Lower RS EC from the left to the right subiculum correlated with worse verbal memory (rho = 0.20; p = 0.02), lower RS EC within the ACC correlated with worse attention (rho = -0.19; p = 0.04) and more severe brain atrophy (rho = -0.26; p = 0.003). Higher EC from the right entorhinal cortex to right subiculum correlated with worse semantic fluency (rho = 0.21; p = 0.02). In conclusion, MS patients showed altered RS EC within the Papez circuit. Abnormal RS EC involving cingulate cortices and hippocampal formation contributed to explain cognitive deficits.
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Aggleton JP, Nelson AJD, O'Mara SM. Time to retire the serial Papez circuit: Implications for space, memory, and attention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104813. [PMID: 35940310 PMCID: PMC10804970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
After more than 80 years, Papez serial circuit remains a hugely influential concept, initially for emotion, but in more recent decades, for memory. Here, we show how this circuit is anatomically and mechanistically naïve as well as outdated. We argue that a new conceptualisation is necessitated by recent anatomical and functional findings that emphasize the more equal, working partnerships between the anterior thalamic nuclei and the hippocampal formation, along with their neocortical interactions in supporting, episodic memory. Furthermore, despite the importance of the anterior thalamic for mnemonic processing, there is growing evidence that these nuclei support multiple aspects of cognition, only some of which are directly associated with hippocampal function. By viewing the anterior thalamic nuclei as a multifunctional hub, a clearer picture emerges of extra-hippocampal regions supporting memory. The reformulation presented here underlines the need to retire Papez serially processing circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.
| | - Andrew J D Nelson
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | - Shane M O'Mara
- School of Psychology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
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Disruptions in white matter microstructure associated with impaired visual associative memory in schizophrenia-spectrum illness. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:971-983. [PMID: 34557990 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory ability relies on hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity. However, few studies have examined relationships between memory performance and white matter (WM) microstructure in hippocampal-prefrontal pathways in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (SSDs). Here, we investigated these relationships in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) using tractography analysis designed to interrogate the microstructure of WM tracts in the hippocampal-prefrontal pathway. Measures of WM microstructure (fractional anisotropy [FA], radial diffusivity [RD], and axial diffusivity [AD]) were obtained for 47 individuals with chronic SSDs, 28 FEP individuals, 52 older healthy controls, and 27 younger healthy controls. Tractography analysis was performed between the hippocampus and three targets involved in hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity (thalamus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens). Measures of WM microstructure were then examined in relation to episodic memory performance separately across each group. Both those with FEP and chronic SSDs demonstrated impaired episodic memory performance. However, abnormal WM microstructure was only observed in individuals with chronic SSDs. Abnormal WM microstructure in the hippocampal-thalamic pathway in the right hemisphere was associated with poorer memory performance in individuals with chronic SSDs. These findings suggest that disruptions in WM microstructure in the hippocampal-prefrontal pathway may contribute to memory impairments in individuals with chronic SSDs but not FEP.
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Leisman G, Melillo R. Front and center: Maturational dysregulation of frontal lobe functional neuroanatomic connections in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:936025. [PMID: 36081853 PMCID: PMC9446472 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.936025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontal lobe function may not universally explain all forms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but the frontal lobe hypothesis described supports an internally consistent model for integrating the numerous behaviors associated with ADHD. The paper examines the developmental trajectories of frontal and prefrontal lobe development, framing ADHD as maturational dysregulation concluding that the cognitive, motor, and behavioral abilities of the presumptive majority of ADHD children may not primarily be disordered or dysfunctional but reflect maturational dysregulation that is inconsistent with the psychomotor and cognitive expectations for the child’s chronological and mental age. ADHD children demonstrate decreased activation of the right and middle prefrontal cortex. Prefrontal and frontal lobe regions have an exuberant network of shared pathways with the diencephalic region, also having a regulatory function in arousal as well as with the ascending reticular formation which has a capacity for response suppression to task-irrelevant stimuli. Prefrontal lesions oftentimes are associated with the regulatory breakdown of goal-directed activity and impulsivity. In conclusion, a presumptive majority of childhood ADHD may result from maturational dysregulation of the frontal lobes with effects on the direct, indirect and/or, hyperdirect pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Leisman
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neurology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Havana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Gerry Leisman,
| | - Robert Melillo
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Mizuseki K, Kitanishi T. Oscillation-coordinated, noise-resistant information distribution via the subiculum. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Benke T, Bodner T, Wiesen D, Karnath HO. The Amnestic Syndrome of Posterior Cerebral Artery Infarction. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2987-2995. [PMID: 35708171 PMCID: PMC9541518 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the character and underlying lesions of ischemic amnesia. We therefore studied episodic memory functions and brain lesions in 84 patients with acute ischemic infarcts in the supply territory of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). We also aimed to learn how the neural memory systems are organized. METHODS Standard neuropsychological tests were used to assess verbal and figural memory. Patients were split in memory-impaired and memory-intact. Lesions were demarcated, normalized and anatomically labeled, using standard mapping procedures. RESULTS Of the 84 patients more than 80% had an amnestic syndrome, mostly with combined, less often with figural or verbal memory impairment. Amnesia in subjects with left hemispheric lesions was more frequent and more severe, with significantly lower scores on the verbal memory test. Normal performance or figural amnesia were prevalent after right hemispheric lesions. However, no amnesia subtype was strictly tied to left- or right-sided brain damage. Hippocampal and thalamic lesions were common, but 30% of lesions were extrahippocampal located in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex and long occipital white matter tracts. Most amnestic-patients lacked awareness for their memory impairment. CONCLUSIONS Memory impairment is a key clinical manifestation of acute PCA stroke. Amnesia is more frequent and more severe after left stroke, suggesting a left hemisphere dominance of the two memory systems. Domain specific memory appears not strictly lateralized, since deficits in verbal and figural memory were found after lesions of both sides. Extrahippocampal lesions may also cause memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Benke
- Clinic of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Bodner
- Clinic of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Wiesen
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Karnath
- University of Tübingen, Departments of Cognitive and General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany
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The anterior thalamic nuclei: core components of a tripartite episodic memory system. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:505-516. [PMID: 35478245 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Standard models of episodic memory focus on hippocampal-parahippocampal interactions, with the neocortex supplying sensory information and providing a final repository of mnemonic representations. However, recent advances have shown that other regions make distinct and equally critical contributions to memory. In particular, there is growing evidence that the anterior thalamic nuclei have a number of key cognitive functions that support episodic memory. In this article, we describe these findings and argue for a core, tripartite memory system, comprising a 'temporal lobe' stream (centred on the hippocampus) and a 'medial diencephalic' stream (centred on the anterior thalamic nuclei) that together act on shared cortical areas. We demonstrate how these distributed brain regions form complementary and necessary partnerships in episodic memory formation.
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Vetkas A, Germann J, Elias G, Loh A, Boutet A, Yamamoto K, Sarica C, Samuel N, Milano V, Fomenko A, Santyr B, Tasserie J, Gwun D, Jung HH, Valiante T, Ibrahim GM, Wennberg R, Kalia SK, Lozano AM. Identifying the neural network for neuromodulation in epilepsy through connectomics and graphs. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac092. [PMID: 35611305 PMCID: PMC9123846 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is a treatment option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The precise mechanism of neuromodulation in epilepsy is unknown, and biomarkers are needed for optimizing treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the neural network associated with deep brain stimulation targets for epilepsy and to explore its potential application as a novel biomarker for neuromodulation. Using seed-to-voxel functional connectivity maps, weighted by seizure outcomes, brain areas associated with stimulation were identified in normative resting state functional scans of 1000 individuals. To pinpoint specific regions in the normative epilepsy deep brain stimulation network, we examined overlapping areas of functional connectivity between the anterior thalamic nucleus, centromedian thalamic nucleus, hippocampus and less studied epilepsy deep brain stimulation targets. Graph network analysis was used to describe the relationship between regions in the identified network. Furthermore, we examined the associations of the epilepsy deep brain stimulation network with disease pathophysiology, canonical resting state networks and findings from a systematic review of resting state functional MRI studies in epilepsy deep brain stimulation patients. Cortical nodes identified in the normative epilepsy deep brain stimulation network were in the anterior and posterior cingulate, medial frontal and sensorimotor cortices, frontal operculum and bilateral insulae. Subcortical nodes of the network were in the basal ganglia, mesencephalon, basal forebrain and cerebellum. Anterior thalamic nucleus was identified as a central hub in the network with the highest betweenness and closeness values, while centromedian thalamic nucleus and hippocampus showed average centrality values. The caudate nucleus and mammillothalamic tract also displayed high centrality values. The anterior cingulate cortex was identified as an important cortical hub associated with the effect of deep brain stimulation in epilepsy. The neural network of deep brain stimulation targets shared hubs with known epileptic networks and brain regions involved in seizure propagation and generalization. Two cortical clusters identified in the epilepsy deep brain stimulation network included regions corresponding to resting state networks, mainly the default mode and salience networks. Our results were concordant with findings from a systematic review of resting state functional MRI studies in patients with deep brain stimulation for epilepsy. Our findings suggest that the various epilepsy deep brain stimulation targets share a common cortico-subcortical network, which might in part underpin the antiseizure effects of stimulation. Interindividual differences in this network functional connectivity could potentially be used as biomarkers in selection of patients, stimulation parameters and neuromodulation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Vetkas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Neurology clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Germann
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gavin Elias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boutet
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kazuaki Yamamoto
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Can Sarica
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nardin Samuel
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Milano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anton Fomenko
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Section of Neurosurgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brendan Santyr
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jordy Tasserie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Gwun
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taufik Valiante
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Sick Kids Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Wennberg
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
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Kim S, Nam Y, Kim HS, Jung H, Jeon SG, Hong SB, Moon M. Alteration of Neural Pathways and Its Implications in Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040845. [PMID: 35453595 PMCID: PMC9025507 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by cognitive and behavioral symptoms. These AD-related manifestations result from the alteration of neural circuitry by aggregated forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are neurotoxic. From a neuroscience perspective, identifying neural circuits that integrate various inputs and outputs to determine behaviors can provide insight into the principles of behavior. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the alterations in the neural circuits associated with AD-related behavioral and psychological symptoms. Interestingly, it is well known that the alteration of neural circuitry is prominent in the brains of patients with AD. Here, we selected specific regions in the AD brain that are associated with AD-related behavioral and psychological symptoms, and reviewed studies of healthy and altered efferent pathways to the target regions. Moreover, we propose that specific neural circuits that are altered in the AD brain can be potential targets for AD treatment. Furthermore, we provide therapeutic implications for targeting neuronal circuits through various therapeutic approaches and the appropriate timing of treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Hyeon soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Haram Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Sang Bum Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Ma X, Fu S, Xu G, Liu M, Xu Y, Jiang G, Tian J. Reduced left lateralized functional connectivity of the thalamic subregions between short-term and chronic insomnia disorder. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:229-237. [PMID: 38469261 PMCID: PMC10899974 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to systematically investigate the structural and functional abnormalities in the subregions of the thalamus and to examine their clinical relevance in patients with short-term and chronic insomnia disorder (ID). Thirty-four patients with short-term ID, 41 patients with chronic ID, and 46 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Grey matter volume and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) were compared for each thalamic subregion (bilateral cTtha, lPFtha, mPFtha, mPMtha, Otha, Pptha, rTtha, and Stha) between the three groups. Spearman's correlation was used to estimate the associations between thalamic alterations and clinical variables. Compared with the HCs and chronic ID group, the short-term ID group exhibited lower RSFC of the left cTtha, lPFtha, Otha and Pptha with the bilateral caudate. In addition, the short-term ID group exhibited lower RSFC between the left mPFtha and left caudate in comparison with the other two groups. Convergent RSFC alterations were found in the left cTtha and Otha with the right parahippocampal gyrus in both ID groups. Moreover, a positive correlation was found for the left Otha-caudate RSFC with the Epworth sleepiness scale scores (r = 0.340, P = 0.040). Our findings suggest shared and unique RSFC alterations of certain thalamic subregions with paralimbic regions between short-term and chronic ID. These findings have implications for understanding common and specific pathophysiology of different types of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shishun Fu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medial University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junzhang Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, 510317 People’s Republic of China
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Mirzayi P, Shobeiri P, Kalantari A, Perry G, Rezaei N. Optogenetics: implications for Alzheimer's disease research and therapy. Mol Brain 2022; 15:20. [PMID: 35197102 PMCID: PMC8867657 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a critical neurodegenerative condition, has a wide range of effects on brain activity. Synaptic plasticity and neuronal circuits are the most vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease, but the exact mechanism is unknown. Incorporating optogenetics into the study of AD has resulted in a significant leap in this field during the last decades, kicking off a revolution in our knowledge of the networks that underpin cognitive functions. In Alzheimer's disease, optogenetics can help to reduce and reverse neural circuit and memory impairments. Here we review how optogenetically driven methods have helped expand our knowledge of Alzheimer's disease, and how optogenetic interventions hint at a future translation into therapeutic possibilities for further utilization in clinical settings. In conclusion, neuroscience has witnessed one of its largest revolutions following the introduction of optogenetics into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Mirzayi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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43
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Sainburg LE, Little AA, Johnson GW, Janson AP, Levine KK, González HFJ, Rogers BP, Chang C, Englot DJ, Morgan VL. Characterization of resting functional MRI activity alterations across epileptic foci and networks. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5555-5568. [PMID: 35149867 PMCID: PMC9753043 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain network alterations have been studied extensively in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and other focal epilepsies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, little has been done to characterize the basic fMRI signal alterations caused by focal epilepsy. Here, we characterize how mTLE affects the fMRI signal in epileptic foci and networks. Resting-state fMRI and diffusion MRI were collected from 47 unilateral mTLE patients and 96 healthy controls. FMRI activity, quantified by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, was increased in the epileptic focus and connected regions in mTLE. Evidence for spread of this epileptic fMRI activity was found through linear relationships of regional activity across subjects, the association of these relationships with functional connectivity, and increased activity along white matter tracts. These fMRI activity increases were found to be dependent on the epileptic focus, where the activity was related to disease severity, suggesting the focus to be the origin of these pathological alterations. Furthermore, we found fMRI activity decreases in the default mode network of right mTLE patients with different properties than the activity increases found in the epileptic focus. This work provides insights into basic fMRI signal alterations and their potential spread across networks in focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E Sainburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Aubrey A Little
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Graham W Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Andrew P Janson
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Kaela K Levine
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Hernán F J González
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Dario J Englot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- Corresponding author: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, R0102 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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44
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Spatial-temporal topography in neurogenesis of the macaque thalamus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1673-1682. [PMID: 35147755 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Maternal injection of 3H-thymidine ([3H]dT) during gestation in non-human primates (NHPs) has been used to determine the time of neurogenesis for various brain areas, including the lateral geniculate (LGN) and the pulvinar (PUL) nuclei of the caudal thalamus. Here, we examine neurogenesis in the rostral thalamus, with focus on the mediodorsal (MD) and the anterior nuclei (ANT), to determine if neurogenesis of rostral and caudal thalamic nuclei is concurrent or instead temporally staggered. The MacBrainResource (MBR) search function identified archived cases (N = 10) of [3H]dT labeled specimens, with injection dates ranging from embryonic day 25 (E25)-E50 and postnatal sacrifice dates. Slides were scanned to create digital images for subsequent analysis using Stereo Investigator software. Labeled neurons were mapped within a contour that encompassed the entire rostral thalamus. These maps were superimposed onto closely corresponding sections from the online BrainMaps macaque atlas to facilitate analysis. Our novel approach uncovered a previously undetected spatial-temporal patterning of neurogenesis in the thalamus. At E30, labeled neurons were located in a compact medial band; at E38-E40, labeling was dense ventrolaterally, and at E43, labeling predominated laterally at rostral levels and was widely distributed at caudal levels. Peak neurogenesis occurs earlier in MD (E30-E43) and ANT (E31-E43) than in LGN (E36-E43) and PUL (E36-E45). Birth-dating of neurons in MD and ANT, two higher order relay nuclei implicated in the pathology of schizophrenia, provides further insight into the critical period of vulnerability during which early developmental perturbation may increase incidence of schizophrenia later in life.
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45
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Rolls ET, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. The Effective Connectivity of the Human Hippocampal Memory System. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3706-3725. [PMID: 35034120 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective connectivity measurements in the human hippocampal memory system based on the resting-state blood oxygenation-level dependent signal were made in 172 participants in the Human Connectome Project to reveal the directionality and strength of the connectivity. A ventral "what" hippocampal stream involves the temporal lobe cortex, perirhinal and parahippocampal TF cortex, and entorhinal cortex. A dorsal "where" hippocampal stream connects parietal cortex with posterior and retrosplenial cingulate cortex, and with parahippocampal TH cortex, which, in turn, project to the presubiculum, which connects to the hippocampus. A third stream involves the orbitofrontal and ventromedial-prefrontal cortex with effective connectivity with the hippocampal, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortex. There is generally stronger forward connectivity to the hippocampus than backward. Thus separate "what," "where," and "reward" streams can converge in the hippocampus, from which back projections return to the sources. However, unlike the simple dual stream hippocampal model, there is a third stream related to reward value; there is some cross-connectivity between these systems before the hippocampus is reached; and the hippocampus has some effective connectivity with earlier stages of processing than the entorhinal cortex and presubiculum. These findings complement diffusion tractography and provide a foundation for new concepts on the operation of the human hippocampal memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Abstract
Since the first description of the case of H.M. in the mid-1950s, the debate over the contribution of the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) to human memory functioning has not ceased to stimulate new experimental work and the development of new theoretical models. The early demonstration that despite their devastating memory loss patients with hippocampal damage are still able to learn a number of visuo-motor and visuo-perceptual skills at a normal rate and to be normally primed by verbal and visual material suggested that the term "memory" is actually an umbrella concept that includes very different brain plasticity phenomena and that MTL damage actually impairs only one of these. Subsequent research, which capitalized on a detailed anatomical description of MTL structures and on the close analysis of memory-related phenomena, tried to define the unique role of the MTL structures in brain plasticity and in the government of human behavior. A first hypothesis identified this role in the conscious forms of memory as opposed to implicit ones. In the last two decades, the emphasis has moved to the relational role of the hippocampus in binding together different pieces of unimodal information to provide unitary, multimodal representations of personal experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Carlesimo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Clinical and Behavioral Neurology Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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47
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Wiingaard Uldall S, Lundell H, Baaré WFC, Roman Siebner H, Rostrup E, Carlsson J. White matter diffusivity and its correlations to state measures of psychopathology in male refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 33:102929. [PMID: 34998125 PMCID: PMC8741622 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogenous condition and the underlying neurobiology is still poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that PTSD is associated with microstructural changes in white matter (WM) fibre tracts that connect regions involved in emotional processing, memory, attention, and language. Furthermore, we examined how different response patterns to individualized trauma-provoking stimuli related to underlying WM microstructure. Sixty-nine trauma-affected male refugees with PTSD (N = 38) or without PTSD (N = 31) underwent clinical assessments and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) of the whole brain at 3 Tesla. Diffusion tensor metrics were computed from DWI data and used to characterize regional white-matter microstructure. An automated tract segmentation method was used to extract diffusion tensor metrics from subject-based reconstructions of tract segments (ROI), including uncinate fasciculus (UF), cingulum bundle (CB), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in three subdivisions (SLF I - III), and fibre bundles connecting orbito-frontal cortex to striatum (OF-ST). Outside the scanner we obtained measures of immediate (state) arousal, avoidance and dissociation symptoms assessed in response to auditory exposure to a personal traumatic memory. Using mean FA of the middle part of each ROI, mixed ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between group, ROI and hemisphere. Post-hoc comparisons showed that, relative to refugees without PTSD, refugees with PTSD had lower FA in right CB, left SLF-I, bilateral OF-ST and bilateral SLF-II. Mean FA scaled negatively with avoidance in right CB while mean FA in bilateral UF scaled positively with individual scores reflecting dissociation symptoms. The results support a pathophysiological model of PTSD that implicates limbic structures, prefrontal cortex and striatum. The results also emphasize the need to consider PTSD's multifaceted manifestations when searching for functional-structural relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Wiingaard Uldall
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry (CTP), Mental Health Centre, Ballerup, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Lundell
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry (CTP), Mental Health Centre, Ballerup, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
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48
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Zhou Y, Si X, Chen Y, Chao Y, Lin CP, Li S, Zhang X, Ming D, Li Q. Hippocampus- and Thalamus-Related Fiber-Specific White Matter Reductions in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3159-3174. [PMID: 34891164 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) fascinates screening high-risk Alzheimer's disease (AD). White matter is found to degenerate earlier than gray matter and functional connectivity during MCI. Although studies reveal white matter degenerates in the limbic system for MCI, how other white matter degenerates during MCI remains unclear. In our method, regions of interest with a high level of resting-state functional connectivity with hippocampus were selected as seeds to track fibers based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In this way, hippocampus-temporal and thalamus-related fibers were selected, and each fiber's DTI parameters were extracted. Then, statistical analysis, machine learning classification, and Pearson's correlations with behavior scores were performed between MCI and normal control (NC) groups. Results show that: 1) the mean diffusivity of hippocampus-temporal and thalamus-related fibers are significantly higher in MCI and could be used to classify 2 groups effectively. 2) Compared with normal fibers, the degenerated fibers detected by the DTI indexes, especially for hippocampus-temporal fibers, have shown significantly higher correlations with cognitive scores. 3) Compared with the hippocampus-temporal fibers, thalamus-related fibers have shown significantly higher correlations with depression scores within MCI. Our results provide novel biomarkers for the early diagnoses of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaopeng Si
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiping Chao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience Hsinchu City, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sicheng Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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49
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Boulan B, Ravanello C, Peyrel A, Bosc C, Delphin C, Appaix F, Denarier E, Kraut A, Jacquier-Sarlin M, Fournier A, Andrieux A, Gory-Fauré S, Deloulme JC. CRMP4-mediated fornix development involves Semaphorin-3E signaling pathway. eLife 2021; 10:e70361. [PMID: 34860155 PMCID: PMC8683083 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental axonal pathfinding plays a central role in correct brain wiring and subsequent cognitive abilities. Within the growth cone, various intracellular effectors transduce axonal guidance signals by remodeling the cytoskeleton. Semaphorin-3E (Sema3E) is a guidance cue implicated in development of the fornix, a neuronal tract connecting the hippocampus to the hypothalamus. Microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) has been shown to be involved in the Sema3E growth-promoting signaling pathway. In this study, we identified the collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) as a MAP6 partner and a crucial effector in Sema3E growth-promoting activity. CRMP4-KO mice displayed abnormal fornix development reminiscent of that observed in Sema3E-KO mice. CRMP4 was shown to interact with the Sema3E tripartite receptor complex within detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) domains, and DRM domain integrity was required to transduce Sema3E signaling through the Akt/GSK3 pathway. Finally, we showed that the cytoskeleton-binding domain of CRMP4 is required for Sema3E's growth-promoting activity, suggesting that CRMP4 plays a role at the interface between Sema3E receptors, located in DRM domains, and the cytoskeleton network. As the fornix is affected in many psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, our results provide new insights to better understand the neurodevelopmental components of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Boulan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Charlotte Ravanello
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Amandine Peyrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Christian Delphin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Florence Appaix
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Eric Denarier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Alexandra Kraut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEAGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Alyson Fournier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
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50
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White matter abnormalities associated with ADHD outcomes in adulthood. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6655-6665. [PMID: 34035475 PMCID: PMC8613296 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear if previously reported structural abnormalities in children with ADHD are present in adulthood regardless of clinical outcome. In this study, we examined the extent to which focal-rather than diffuse-abnormalities in fiber collinearity of 18 major white matter tracts could distinguish 126 adults with rigorously diagnosed childhood ADHD (ADHD; mean age [SD] = 34.3 [3.6] years; F/M = 12/114) from 58 adults without ADHD histories (non-ADHD; mean age [SD] = 33.9 [4.1] years; F/M = 5/53) and if any of these abnormalities were greater for those with persisting ADHD symptomatology. To this end, a tract profile approach was used. After accounting for age, sex, handedness, and comorbidities, a MANCOVA revealed a main effect of group (ADHD < non-ADHD; F[18,155] = 2.1; p = 0.007) on fractional anisotropy (FA, a measure of fiber collinearity and/or integrity), in focal portions of white matter tracts involved in visuospatial processing and memory (i.e., anterior portion of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and middle portion of the left and right cingulum angular bundle). Only abnormalities in the anterior portion of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus distinguished probands with persisting versus desisting ADHD symptomatology, suggesting that abnormalities in the cingulum angular bundle might reflect "scarring" effects of childhood ADHD. To our knowledge, this is the first study using a tract profile approach to identify focal or widespread structural abnormalities in adults with ADHD rigorously diagnosed in childhood.
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