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Subramanian D, Eisenberg C, Huang A, Baek J, Naveed H, Komatireddy S, Shiflett MW, Tran TS, Santhakumar V. Dysregulation of Neuropilin-2 Expression in Inhibitory Neurons Impairs Hippocampal Circuit Development and Enhances Risk for Autism-Related Behaviors and Seizures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578976. [PMID: 38370800 PMCID: PMC10871171 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of development, migration, and function of interneurons, collectively termed interneuronopathies, have been proposed as a shared mechanism for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and childhood epilepsy. Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), a candidate ASD gene, is a critical regulator of interneuron migration from the median ganglionic eminence (MGE) to the pallium, including the hippocampus. While clinical studies have identified Nrp2 polymorphisms in patients with ASD, whether selective dysregulation of Nrp2-dependent interneuron migration contributes to pathogenesis of ASD and enhances the risk for seizures has not been evaluated. We tested the hypothesis that the lack of Nrp2 in MGE-derived interneuron precursors disrupts the excitation/inhibition balance in hippocampal circuits, thus predisposing the network to seizures and behavioral patterns associated with ASD. Embryonic deletion of Nrp2 during the developmental period for migration of MGE derived interneuron precursors (iCKO) significantly reduced parvalbumin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1. Consequently, when compared to controls, the frequency of inhibitory synaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal cells was reduced while frequency of excitatory synaptic currents was increased in iCKO mice. Although passive and active membrane properties of CA1 pyramidal cells were unchanged, iCKO mice showed enhanced susceptibility to chemically evoked seizures. Moreover, iCKO mice exhibited selective behavioral deficits in both preference for social novelty and goal-directed learning, which are consistent with ASD-like phenotype. Together, our findings show that disruption of developmental Nrp2 regulation of interneuron circuit establishment, produces ASD-like behaviors and enhanced risk for epilepsy. These results support the developmental interneuronopathy hypothesis of ASD epilepsy comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Subramanian
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Carol Eisenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Andrew Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Jiyeon Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Haniya Naveed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Samiksha Komatireddy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | | | - Tracy S. Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
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2
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McElroy DL, Sabir H, Glass AE, Greba Q, Howland JG. The anterior retrosplenial cortex is required for short-term object in place recognition memory retrieval: Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in male and female Long-Evans rats. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2260-2275. [PMID: 38411499 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The anterior retrosplenial cortex (aRSC) integrates multimodal sensory information into cohesive associative recognition memories. Little is known about how information is integrated during different learning phases (i.e., encoding and retrieval). Additionally, sex differences are observed in performance of some visuospatial memory tasks; however, inconsistent findings warrant more research. We conducted three experiments using the 1-h delay object-in-place (1-h OiP) test to assess recognition memory retrieval in male and female Long-Evans rats. (i) We found both sexes performed equally in three repeated 1-h OiP test sessions. (ii) We showed infusions of a mixture of muscimol/baclofen (GABAA/B receptor agonists) into the aRSC ~15-min prior to the test phase disrupted 1-h OiP in both sexes. (iii) We assessed the role of aRSC ionotropic glutamate receptors in 1-h OiP retrieval using another squad of cannulated rats and confirmed that infusions of either the competitive AMPA/Kainate receptor antagonist CNQX (3 mM) or competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 (30 mM) (volumes = 0.50 uL/side) significantly impaired 1-h OiP retrieval in both sexes compared to controls. Taken together, findings challenge reported sex differences and clearly establish a role for aRSC ionotropic glutamate receptors in short-term visuospatial recognition memory retrieval. Thus, modulating neural activity in the aRSC may alleviate some memory processing impairments in related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hassaan Sabir
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aiden E Glass
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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3
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Guyonnet AE, Whishaw IQ. Adaptive forgetting of place/object memory for dung in the domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus): Memory for a day. Behav Processes 2024; 217:105025. [PMID: 38522797 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus) makes dung deposits to form "stud-piles" and compulsively examines dung droppings, suggesting that dung contains species-relevant information. The present study investigates horses' use of location (place), odor (object) and memory for dung sniff encounters. Horses were video recorded in 2 indoor and 4 outdoor riding arenas as they were taken at different time intervals to experimenter-determined objects or dung deposits that they could sniff. Frame-by-frame video analysis measured approaches, sniff duration, nostril use, ear position and blinking associated with dung investigation. Horses approached and sniffed dung-deposits for longer duration than non-dung objects in all test locations. They made head movements across the extent of dung-deposits when sniffing, showed no nostril or ear preference directed to the target, and blinked as they disengage from sniffing. Reduced approach probability and sniff duration showed that they displayed good place/object memory for dung previously visited at similar and different locations on the same day but poor memory for dung visited on a previous day. Adaptive forgetting of object/place memory for dung after a previous day's dung visit may optimizes risk assessment, including the possibility of premature interruption of foraging by conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Em Guyonnet
- Canadian Centre of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ian Q Whishaw
- Canadian Centre of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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4
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Santhakumar V, Subramanian D, Eisenberg C, Huang A, Baek J, Naveed H, Komatireddy S, Shiflett M, Tran T. Dysregulation of Neuropilin-2 Expression in Inhibitory Neurons Impairs Hippocampal Circuit Development Leading to Autism-Epilepsy Phenotype. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3922129. [PMID: 38405865 PMCID: PMC10889061 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3922129/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of development, migration, and function of interneurons, collectively termed interneuronopathies, have been proposed as a shared mechanism for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and childhood epilepsy. Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), a candidate ASD gene, is a critical regulator of interneuron migration from the median ganglionic eminence (MGE) to the pallium, including the hippocampus. While clinical studies have identified Nrp2 polymorphisms in patients with ASD, whether dysregulation of Nrp2-dependent interneuron migration contributes to pathogenesis of ASD and epilepsy has not been tested. We tested the hypothesis that the lack of Nrp2 in MGE-derived interneuron precursors disrupts the excitation/inhibition balance in hippocampal circuits, thus predisposing the network to seizures and behavioral patterns associated with ASD. Embryonic deletion of Nrp2 during the developmental period for migration of MGE derived interneuron precursors (iCKO) significantly reduced parvalbumin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1. Consequently, when compared to controls, the frequency of inhibitory synaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal cells was reduced while frequency of excitatory synaptic currents was increased in iCKO mice. Although passive and active membrane properties of CA1 pyramidal cells were unchanged, iCKO mice showed enhanced susceptibility to chemically evoked seizures. Moreover, iCKO mice exhibited selective behavioral deficits in both preference for social novelty and goal-directed learning, which are consistent with ASD-like phenotype. Together, our findings show that disruption of developmental Nrp2 regulation of interneuron circuit establishment, produces ASD-like behaviors and enhanced risk for epilepsy. These results support the developmental interneuronopathy hypothesis of ASD epilepsy comorbidity.
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5
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Lande AS, Garvert AC, Ebbesen NC, Jordbræk SV, Vervaeke K. Representations of tactile object location in the retrosplenial cortex. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4599-4610.e7. [PMID: 37774708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
How animals use tactile sensation to detect important objects and remember their location in a world-based coordinate system is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a key network for contextual memory and spatial navigation, represents the location of objects based on tactile sensation. We studied mice palpating objects with their whiskers while navigating in a tactile virtual reality in darkness. Using two-photon Ca2+ imaging, we discovered that a population of neurons in the agranular RSC signal the location of objects. Responses to objects do not simply reflect the sensory stimulus. Instead, they are highly position, task, and context dependent and often predict the upcoming object before it is within reach. In addition, a large fraction of neurons encoding object location maintain a memory trace of the object's location. These data show that the RSC encodes the location and arrangement of tactile objects in a spatial reference frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sigstad Lande
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Christina Garvert
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Cecilie Ebbesen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sondre Valentin Jordbræk
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Koen Vervaeke
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
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Ho H, Kejzar N, Sasaguri H, Saito T, Saido TC, De Strooper B, Bauza M, Krupic J. A fully automated home cage for long-term continuous phenotyping of mouse cognition and behavior. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100532. [PMID: 37533650 PMCID: PMC10391580 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Automated home-cage monitoring systems present a valuable tool for comprehensive phenotyping of natural behaviors. However, current systems often involve complex training routines, water or food restriction, and probe a limited range of behaviors. Here, we present a fully automated home-cage monitoring system for cognitive and behavioral phenotyping in mice. The system incorporates T-maze alternation, novel object recognition, and object-in-place recognition tests combined with monitoring of locomotion, drinking, and quiescence patterns, all carried out over long periods. Mice learn the tasks rapidly without any need for water or food restrictions. Behavioral characterization employs a deep convolutional neural network image analysis. We show that combined statistical properties of multiple behaviors can be used to discriminate between mice with hippocampal, medial entorhinal, and sham lesions and predict the genotype of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model with high accuracy. This technology may enable large-scale behavioral screening for genes and neural circuits underlying spatial memory and other cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinze Ho
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nejc Kejzar
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Bart De Strooper
- UK-Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marius Bauza
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julija Krupic
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Blokland A, Sesia T. Delay-dependent forgetting in object recognition and object location test is dependent on strain and test. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114161. [PMID: 36257558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The object recognition and object location task (ORT and OLT, respectively) have been applied in preclinical research to evaluate the effects of treatments on memory. Although both tasks look quite similar, they differ with respect to the brain structures involved in the memory performance. The characterization of the memory performance in both tasks is important to understand treatment effects. Since there are no previous studies that compared strain differences in delay-dependent forgetting in both tasks, Wistar and Long Evans rats were tested in both the ORT and the OLT at different intervals. The data showed that in the ORT the delay-dependent forgetting was similar for Wistar and Long Evans rats. However, the forgetting curve was different for both strains in the OLT: the Long Evans rats the forgetting took a longer interval. This study indicates that delay-dependent forgetting in the ORT and OLT is strain and test dependent. It is suggested that before testing treatments the forgetting curve of a specific strain should be tested in this type of tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Blokland
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, EURON, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), the Netherlands.
| | - Thibaut Sesia
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), the Netherlands
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8
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Honoré E, Lacaille JC. Object location learning in mice requires hippocampal somatostatin interneuron activity and is facilitated by mTORC1-mediated long-term potentiation of their excitatory synapses. Mol Brain 2022; 15:101. [PMID: 36544185 PMCID: PMC9769025 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus-dependent learning and memory originate from long-term synaptic changes in hippocampal networks. The activity of CA1 somatostatin interneurons (SOM-INs) during aversive stimulation is necessary for contextual fear memory formation. In addition, mTORC1-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of SOM-IN excitatory input synapses from local pyramidal cells (PC-SOM synapses) contributes to the consolidation of fear motivated spatial and contextual memories. Although, it remains unknown if SOM-IN activity and LTP are necessary and sufficient for novelty motivated spatial episodic memory such as the object location memory, and if so when it is required. Here we use optogenetics to examine whether dorsal CA1 SOM-IN activity and LTP are sufficient to regulate object location memory. First, we found that silencing SOM-INs during object location learning impaired memory. Second, optogenetic induction of PC-SOM synapse LTP (TBSopto) given 30 min before object location training, resulted in facilitation of memory. However, in mice with mTORC1 pathway genetically inactivated in SOM-INs, which blocks PC-SOM synapse LTP, TBSopto failed to facilitate object location memory. Our results indicate that SOM-IN activity is necessary during object location learning and that optogenetic induction of PC-SOM synapse LTP is sufficient to facilitate consolidation of object location memory. Thus, hippocampal somatostatin interneuron activity is required for object location learning, a hippocampus-dependent form of novelty motivated spatial learning that is facilitated by plasticity at PC-SOM synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Honoré
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Neurosciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Brain and Learning (CIRCA) and Research Group on Neural Signaling and Circuitry (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, QC H3C 3J7 Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lacaille
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Neurosciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Brain and Learning (CIRCA) and Research Group on Neural Signaling and Circuitry (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, QC H3C 3J7 Montreal, Canada
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Barbosa FF, Castelo-Branco R. Assessing episodic memory in rodents using spontaneous object recognition tasks. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:ETLS20220010. [PMID: 36477302 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Models of episodic memory are successfully established using spontaneous object recognition tasks in rodents. In this review, we present behavioral techniques devised to investigate this type of memory, emphasizing methods based on associations of places and temporal order of items explored by rats and mice. We also provide a review on the areas and circuitry of the medial temporal lobe underlying episodic-like memory, considering that a large number of neurobiology data derived from these protocols. Although spontaneous recognition tasks are commonplace in this field, there is need for careful evaluation of factors affecting animal performance. Such as the ongoing development of tools for investigating the neural basis of memory, efforts should be put in the refinement of experimental designs, in order to provide reliable behavioral evidence of this complex mnemonic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Freitas Barbosa
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Rochele Castelo-Branco
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Pinizzotto CC, Dreyer KM, Aje OA, Caffrey RM, Madhira K, Kritzer MF. Spontaneous Object Exploration in a Recessive Gene Knockout Model of Parkinson's Disease: Development and Progression of Object Recognition Memory Deficits in Male Pink1-/- Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:951268. [PMID: 36560930 PMCID: PMC9763898 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.951268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments appear at or before motor signs in about one third of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and have a cumulative prevalence of roughly 80% overall. These deficits exact an unrelenting toll on patients' quality and activities of daily life due in part to a lack of available treatments to ameliorate them. This study used three well-validated novel object recognition-based paradigms to explore the suitability of rats with knockout of the PTEN-induced putative kinase1 gene (Pink1) for investigating factors that induce cognitive decline in PD and for testing new ways to mitigate them. Longitudinal testing of rats from 3-9 months of age revealed significant impairments in male Pink1-/- rats compared to wild type controls in Novel Object Recognition, Novel Object Location and Object-in-Place tasks. Task-specific differences in the progression of object discrimination/memory deficits across age were also seen. Finally, testing using an elevated plus maze, a tapered balance beam and a grip strength gauge showed that in all cases recognition memory deficits preceded potentially confounding impacts of gene knockout on affect or motor function. Taken together, these findings suggest that knockout of the Pink1 gene negatively impacts the brain circuits and/or neurochemical systems that support performance in object recognition tasks. Further investigations using Pink1-/- rats and object recognition memory tasks should provide new insights into the neural underpinnings of the visual recognition memory and visuospatial information processing deficits that are often seen in PD patients and accelerate the pace of discovery of better ways to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. Pinizzotto
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Katherine M. Dreyer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- InSTAR Program, Ward Melville High School, East Setauket, NY, United States
| | - Oluwagbohunmi A. Aje
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Ryan M. Caffrey
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Master’s Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Keertana Madhira
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Hauppauge High School Science Research Program, Hauppauge High School, Hauppauge, NY, United States
| | - Mary F. Kritzer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Serotonin 5-HT 1B receptors mediate the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of social defeat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3875-3892. [PMID: 36282287 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models. Electrophysiology and neurochemical studies suggest that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the serotonergic system. In rodents, vmPFC DBS reduces raphe cell firing and increases serotonin (5-HT) release and the expression of serotonergic receptors in different brain regions. METHODS We examined whether the behavioural responses of chronic vmPFC DBS are mediated by 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors through a series of experiments. First, we delivered stimulation to mice undergoing chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), followed by a battery of behavioural tests. Second, we measured the expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors in different brain regions with western blot. Finally, we conducted pharmacological experiments to mitigate the behavioural effects of DBS using the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100635, or the 5-HT1B antagonist, GR-127935. RESULTS We found that chronic DBS delivered to stressed animals reduced the latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) and immobility in the forced swim test (FST). Though no significant changes were observed in receptor expression, 5-HT1B levels in DBS-treated animals were found to be non-significantly increased in the vmPFC, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens and reduced in the raphe compared to non-stimulated controls. Finally, while animals given vmPFC stimulation along with WAY-100635 still presented significant responses in the NSF and FST, these were mitigated following GR-127935 administration. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of DBS in rodents may be partially mediated by 5-HT1B receptors.
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12
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Rosa-Gonçalves P, de Sousa LP, Maia AB, Ribeiro-Gomes FL, Gress CCTDL, Werneck GL, Souza DO, Almeida RF, Daniel-Ribeiro CT. Dynamics and immunomodulation of cognitive deficits and behavioral changes in non-severe experimental malaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021211. [PMID: 36505414 PMCID: PMC9729266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Data recently reported by our group indicate that stimulation with a pool of immunogens capable of eliciting type 2 immune responses can restore the cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions recorded after a single episode of non-severe rodent malaria caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Here we explored the hypothesis that isolated immunization with one of the type 2 immune response-inducing immunogens, the human diphtheria-tetanus (dT) vaccine, may revert damages associated with malaria. To investigate this possibility, we studied the dynamics of cognitive deficits and anxiety-like phenotype following non-severe experimental malaria and evaluated the effects of immunization with both dT and of a pool of type 2 immune stimuli in reversing these impairments. Locomotor activity and long-term memory deficits were assessed through the open field test (OFT) and novel object recognition task (NORT), while the anxiety-like phenotype was assessed by OFT and light/dark task (LDT). Our results indicate that poor performance in cognitive-behavioral tests can be detected as early as the 12th day after the end of antimalarial treatment with chloroquine and may persist for up to 155 days post infection. The single immunization strategy with the human dT vaccine showed promise in reversal of long-term memory deficits in NORT, and anxiety-like behavior in OFT and LDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rosa-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz and Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira de Sousa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz and Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Maia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz and Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lima Ribeiro-Gomes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz and Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristhiani Tavares de Lima Gress
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz and Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
- Departamento de Epidemiologia do Instituto de Medicina Social da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and Instituto de Estudos de Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Farina Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz and Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,*Correspondence: Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro,
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13
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Prodan A, Davies H, Eneqvist H, Mastroberardino G, Wijayathunga H, Wardlaw K, Morris RGM. Memory recall: New behavioral protocols for examining distinct forms of context specific recall in animals. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 195:107685. [PMID: 36174888 PMCID: PMC7614818 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study outlines two novel protocols for examining context specific recall in animals prior to embarking on neurobiological studies. The approach is distinct from and contrasts with studies investigating associative familiarity that depend upon procedural variations of the widely used novel object recognition task. It uses an event arena in which animals are trained across numerous sessions to search for, find and dig up reward from sandwells during sample and choice trials - a prominent spatial event for a rodent. The arena could be laid out as either of two highly distinct contexts with which the animals became fully familiar throughout training. In one protocol, the location of the correct sandwell in each context remained stable across days, whereas in the other, the correct digging location varied in a counterbalanced manner across each successive session. Thus, context-specific recall of the spatial location of successful digging during choice trials was either from a stable long-term memory or could reflect context specific spatial recency of the location where reward had been available that session. Both protocols revealed effective memory recall in choice and probe tests which, at the point of test, were procedurally identical in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prodan
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - H Davies
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - H Eneqvist
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - G Mastroberardino
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - H Wijayathunga
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - K Wardlaw
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - R G M Morris
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
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14
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Ross TW, Easton A. Rats use strategies to make object choices in spontaneous object recognition tasks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16973. [PMID: 36216920 PMCID: PMC9550825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent spontaneous object recognition (SOR) paradigms are widely used to study the mechanisms of complex memory in many laboratories. Due to the absence of explicit reinforcement in these tasks, there is an underlying assumption that object exploratory behaviour is 'spontaneous'. However, rodents can strategise, readily adapting their behaviour depending on the current information available and prior predications formed from learning and memory. Here, using the object-place-context (episodic-like) recognition task and novel analytic methods relying on multiple trials within a single session, we demonstrate that rats use a context-based or recency-based object recognition strategy for the same types of trials, depending on task conditions. Exposure to occasional ambiguous conditions changed animals' responses towards a recency-based preference. However, more salient and predictable conditions led to animals exploring objects on the basis of episodic novelty reliant on contextual information. The results have important implications for future research using SOR tasks, especially in the way experimenters design, analyse and interpret object recognition experiments in non-human animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Ross
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
- Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, UK.
| | - A Easton
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, UK
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15
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Chao OY, Nikolaus S, Yang YM, Huston JP. Neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place in rodent models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104855. [PMID: 36089106 PMCID: PMC10542956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice are used for studying neuronal circuits underlying recognition memory due to their ability to spontaneously remember the occurrence of an object, its place and an association of the object and place in a particular environment. A joint employment of lesions, pharmacological interventions, optogenetics and chemogenetics is constantly expanding our knowledge of the neural basis for recognition memory of object, place, and their association. In this review, we summarize current studies on recognition memory in rodents with a focus on the novel object preference, novel location preference and object-in-place paradigms. The evidence suggests that the medial prefrontal cortex- and hippocampus-connected circuits contribute to recognition memory for object and place. Under certain conditions, the striatum, medial septum, amygdala, locus coeruleus and cerebellum are also involved. We propose that the neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place is hierarchically connected and constructed by different cortical (perirhinal, entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices), thalamic (nucleus reuniens, mediodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei) and primeval (hypothalamus and interpeduncular nucleus) modules interacting with the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Susanne Nikolaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Xu J, Li Y, Tian B, Liu H, Wu S, Wang W. The effects and mechanism of environmental enrichment on MK-801 induced cognitive impairment in rodents with schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1024649. [PMID: 36246525 PMCID: PMC9556631 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1024649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Cognitive symptoms are a kind of symptoms with high incidence and great impact on patients. There is no effective treatment in clinical practice. N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor hypofunction may be an important cause of cognitive symptoms. MK-801 (also named Dizocilpine), a noncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptor, is often used to construct a model of NMDA receptor dysfunction. In terms of treatment, environmental enrichment (EE) as an environmental intervention can effectively improve the symptoms of cognitive impairment in rodents. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the background of cognitive symptoms and EE in schizophrenia, and then investigate the manifestations of MK-801 induced cognitive impairment, the improvement of EE on these cognitive impairments based on the MK-801 induced schizophrenia rodent models, and the possible mechanism of EE in improving cognitive symptoms. This article reviews the literature in recent years, which provides an important reference for MK-801 to construct a cognitive symptom model of schizophrenia and the mechanism of EE in improving cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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17
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Okada K, Hashimoto K, Kobayashi K. Cholinergic regulation of object recognition memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:996089. [PMID: 36248033 PMCID: PMC9557046 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.996089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Object recognition memory refers to a basic memory mechanism to identify and recall various features of objects. This memory has been investigated by numerous studies in human, primates and rodents to elucidate the neuropsychological underpinnings in mammalian memory, as well as provide the diagnosis of dementia in some neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Since Alzheimer's disease at the early stage is reported to be accompanied with cholinergic cell loss and impairment in recognition memory, the central cholinergic system has been studied to investigate the neural mechanism underlying recognition memory. Previous studies have suggested an important role of cholinergic neurons in the acquisition of some variants of object recognition memory in rodents. Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum and ventral diagonal band of Broca that project mainly to the hippocampus and parahippocampal area are related to recognition memory for object location. Cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis magnocellularis innervating the entire cortex are associated with recognition memory for object identification. Especially, the brain regions that receive cholinergic projections, such as the perirhinal cortex and prefrontal cortex, are involved in recognition memory for object-in-place memory and object recency. In addition, experimental studies using rodent models for Alzheimer's disease have reported that neurodegeneration within the central cholinergic system causes a deficit in object recognition memory. Elucidating how various types of object recognition memory are regulated by distinct cholinergic cell groups is necessary to clarify the neuronal mechanism for recognition memory and the development of therapeutic treatments for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Okada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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18
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Fawcett JW, Fyhn M, Jendelova P, Kwok JCF, Ruzicka J, Sorg BA. The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3192-3203. [PMID: 35760878 PMCID: PMC9708575 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All components of the CNS are surrounded by a diffuse extracellular matrix (ECM) containing chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs), hyaluronan, various glycoproteins including tenascins and thrombospondin, and many other molecules that are secreted into the ECM and bind to ECM components. In addition, some neurons, particularly inhibitory GABAergic parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons, are surrounded by a more condensed cartilage-like ECM called perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs surround the soma and proximal dendrites as net-like structures that surround the synapses. Attention has focused on the role of PNNs in the control of plasticity, but it is now clear that PNNs also play an important part in the modulation of memory. In this review we summarize the role of the ECM, particularly the PNNs, in the control of various types of memory and their participation in memory pathology. PNNs are now being considered as a target for the treatment of impaired memory. There are many potential treatment targets in PNNs, mainly through modulation of the sulphation, binding, and production of the various CSPGs that they contain or through digestion of their sulphated glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marianne Fyhn
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jiri Ruzicka
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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19
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Pinizzotto CC, Patwardhan A, Aldarondo D, Kritzer MF. Task-specific effects of biological sex and sex hormones on object recognition memories in a 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion model of Parkinson's disease in adult male and female rats. Horm Behav 2022; 144:105206. [PMID: 35653829 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience cognitive or memory impairments with few therapeutic options available to mitigate them. This has fueled interest in determining how factors including sex and sex hormones modulate higher order function in this disease. The objective of this study was to use the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) and Object-in-Place (OiP) paradigms to compare the effects of a bilateral neostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of PD in gonadally intact male and female rats, in orchidectomized male rats and in orchidectomized males supplemented with 17β-estradiol or testosterone propionate on measures of recognition memory similar to those at risk in PD. These studies showed that 6-ODHA lesions impaired discrimination in both tasks in males but not females. Further, 6-OHDA lesions disrupted NOR performance similarly in all males regardless of whether they were gonadally intact, orchidectomized or hormone-supplemented. In contrast, OiP performance was disrupted in males that were orchidectomized or 6-OHDA-lesioned but was spared in orchidectomized and orchidectomized, 6-OHDA lesioned males supplemented with 17β-estradiol. The distinct effects that sex and/or sex hormones have on 6-OHDA lesion-induced NOR vs. OiP deficits identified here also differ from corresponding impacts recently described for 6-OHDA lesion-induced deficits in spatial working memory and episodic memory. Together, the collective data provide strong evidence for effects of sex and sex hormones on cognition and memory in PD as being behavioral task and behavioral domain specific. This specificity could explain why a cohesive clinical picture of endocrine impacts on higher order function in PD has remained elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Pinizzotto
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
| | - Aishwarya Patwardhan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
| | - Daniel Aldarondo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
| | - Mary F Kritzer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
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20
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García-Pérez MA, Irani M, Tiznado V, Bustamante T, Inostroza M, Maldonado PE, Valdés JL. Cortico-Hippocampal Oscillations Are Associated With the Developmental Onset of Hippocampal-Dependent Memory. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:891523. [PMID: 35812209 PMCID: PMC9260104 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.891523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal-dependent memories emerge late during postnatal development, aligning with hippocampal maturation. During sleep, the two-stage memory formation model states that through hippocampal-neocortical interactions, cortical slow-oscillations (SO), thalamocortical Spindles, and hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWR) are synchronized, allowing for the consolidation of hippocampal-dependent memories. However, evidence supporting this hypothesis during development is still lacking. Therefore, we performed successive object-in-place tests during a window of memory emergence and recorded in vivo the occurrence of SO, Spindles, and SWR during sleep, immediately after the memory encoding stage of the task. We found that hippocampal-dependent memory emerges at the end of the 4th postnatal week independently of task overtraining. Furthermore, we observed that those animals with better performance in the memory task had increased Spindle density and duration and lower density of SWR. Moreover, we observed changes in the SO-Spindle and Spindle-SWR temporal-coupling during this developmental period. Our results provide new evidence for the onset of hippocampal-dependent memory and its relationship to the oscillatory phenomenon occurring during sleep that helps us understand how memory consolidation models fit into the early stages of postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A. García-Pérez
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Irani
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Tiznado
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Bustamante
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marion Inostroza
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pedro E. Maldonado
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- National Center for Artificial Intelligence, CENIA, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Valdés
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Smith DM, Yang YY, Subramanian DL, Miller AMP, Bulkin DA, Law LM. The limbic memory circuit and the neural basis of contextual memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 187:107557. [PMID: 34808337 PMCID: PMC8755583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex and anterior thalamus are key components of a neural circuit known to be involved in a variety of memory functions, including spatial, contextual and episodic memory. In this review, we focus on the role of this circuit in contextual memory processes. The background environment, or context, is a powerful cue for memory retrieval, and neural representations of the context provide a mechanism for efficiently retrieving relevant memories while avoiding interference from memories that belong to other contexts. Data from experimental lesions and neural manipulation techniques indicate that each of these regions is critical for contextual memory. Neurophysiological evidence from the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex suggest that contextual information is represented within this circuit by population-level neural firing patterns that reliably differentiate each context a subject encounters. These findings indicate that encoding contextual information to support context-dependent memory retrieval is a key function of this circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Smith
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
| | - Yan Yu Yang
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Adam M P Miller
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David A Bulkin
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - L Matthew Law
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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22
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de Pins B, Mendes T, Giralt A, Girault JA. The Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 in Brain Function and Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:749001. [PMID: 34690733 PMCID: PMC8527176 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.749001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyk2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase highly enriched in forebrain neurons. Pyk2 is closely related to focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which plays an important role in sensing cell contacts with extracellular matrix and other extracellular signals controlling adhesion and survival. Pyk2 shares some of FAK’s characteristics including recruitment of Src-family kinases after autophosphorylation, scaffolding by interacting with multiple partners, and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Pyk2, however, has the unique property to respond to increases in intracellular free Ca2+, which triggers its autophosphorylation following stimulation of various receptors including glutamate NMDA receptors. Pyk2 is dephosphorylated by the striatal-enriched phosphatase (STEP) that is highly expressed in the same neuronal populations. Pyk2 localization in neurons is dynamic, and altered following stimulation, with post-synaptic and nuclear enrichment. As a signaling protein Pyk2 is involved in multiple pathways resulting in sometimes opposing functions depending on experimental models. Thus Pyk2 has a dual role on neurites and dendritic spines. With Src family kinases Pyk2 participates in postsynaptic regulations including of NMDA receptors and is necessary for specific types of synaptic plasticity and spatial memory tasks. The diverse functions of Pyk2 are also illustrated by its role in pathology. Pyk2 is activated following epileptic seizures or ischemia-reperfusion and may contribute to the consequences of these insults whereas Pyk2 deficit may contribute to the hippocampal phenotype of Huntington’s disease. Pyk2 gene, PTK2B, is associated with the risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Studies of underlying mechanisms indicate a complex contribution with involvement in amyloid toxicity and tauopathy, combined with possible functional deficits in neurons and contribution in microglia. A role of Pyk2 has also been proposed in stress-induced depression and cocaine addiction. Pyk2 is also important for the mobility of astrocytes and glioblastoma cells. The implication of Pyk2 in various pathological conditions supports its potential interest for therapeutic interventions. This is possible through molecules inhibiting its activity or increasing it through inhibition of STEP or other means, depending on a precise evaluation of the balance between positive and negative consequences of Pyk2 actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit de Pins
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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23
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Peng X, Burwell RD. Beyond the hippocampus: The role of parahippocampal-prefrontal communication in context-modulated behavior. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107520. [PMID: 34537379 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple paradigms indicate that the physical environment can influence spontaneous and learned behavior. In rodents, context-dependent behavior is putatively supported by the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe. A preponderance of the literature has targeted the role of the hippocampus. In addition to the hippocampus proper, the medial temporal lobe also comprises parahippocampal areas, including the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices. These parahippocampal areas directly connect with multiple regions in the prefrontal cortex. The function of these connections, however, is not well understood. This article first reviews the involvement of the perirhinal, postrhinal, and prefrontal cortices in context-dependent behavior in rodents. Then, based on functional and anatomical evidence, we suggest that perirhinal and postrhinal contributions to context-dependent behavior go beyond supporting context representation in the hippocampus. Specifically, we propose that the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices act as a contextual-support network that directly provides contextual and spatial information to the prefrontal cortex. In turn, the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices modulate prefrontal input to the hippocampus in the service of context-guided behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Peng
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rebecca D Burwell
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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24
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Pyk2 in dorsal hippocampus plays a selective role in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16357. [PMID: 34381140 PMCID: PMC8358019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyk2 is a Ca2+-activated non-receptor tyrosine kinase enriched in the forebrain, especially in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Previous reports suggested its role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory but with contradictory findings possibly due to experimental conditions. Here we address this issue and show that novel object location, a simple test of spatial memory induced by a single training session, is altered in Pyk2 KO mice and that re-expression of Pyk2 in the dorsal hippocampus corrects this deficit. Bilateral targeted deletion of Pyk2 in dorsal hippocampus CA1 region also alters novel object location. Long term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 is impaired in Pyk2 KO mice using a high frequency stimulation induction protocol but not with a theta burst protocol, explaining differences between previous reports. The same selective LTP alteration is observed in mice with Pyk2 deletion in dorsal hippocampus CA1 region. Thus, our results establish the role of Pyk2 in specific aspects of spatial memory and synaptic plasticity and show the dependence of the phenotype on the type of experiments used to reveal it. In combination with other studies, we provide evidence for a selective role of non-receptor tyrosine kinases in specific aspects of hippocampal neurons synaptic plasticity.
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Vandrey B, Duncan S, Ainge JA. Object and object-memory representations across the proximodistal axis of CA1. Hippocampus 2021; 31:881-896. [PMID: 33942429 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory requires information about objects to be integrated into a spatial framework. Place cells in the hippocampus encode spatial representations of objects that could be generated through signaling from the entorhinal cortex. Projections from lateral (LEC) and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) to the hippocampus terminate in distal and proximal CA1, respectively. We recorded place cells in distal and proximal CA1 as rats explored an environment that contained objects. Place cells in distal CA1 demonstrated higher measures of spatial tuning, stability, and closer proximity of place fields to objects. Furthermore, remapping to object displacement was modulated by place field proximity to objects in distal, but not proximal CA1. Finally, representations of previous object locations were closer to those locations in distal CA1 than proximal CA1. Our data suggest that in cue-rich environments, LEC inputs to the hippocampus support spatial representations with higher spatial tuning, closer proximity to objects, and greater stability than those receiving inputs from MEC. This is consistent with functional segregation in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuits underlying object-place memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Vandrey
- University of St Andrews, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, St Andrews, Fife, UK
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Stephen Duncan
- University of St Andrews, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - James A Ainge
- University of St Andrews, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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De Castro V, Girard P. Location and temporal memory of objects declines in aged marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:9138. [PMID: 33911122 PMCID: PMC8080792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory decline is an early marker of cognitive aging in human. Although controversial in animals and called “episodic-like memory”, several models have been successfully developed, however they rarely focused on ageing. While marmoset is an emerging primate model in aging science, episodic-like memory has never been tested in this species and importantly in aged marmosets. Here, we examined if the recall of the what-when and what-where building blocks of episodic-like memory declines in ageing marmosets. We developed a naturalistic approach using spontaneous exploration of real objects by young and old marmosets in the home cage. We implemented a three-trial task with 1 week inter-trial interval. Two different sets of identical objects were presented in sample trials 1 and 2, respectively. For the test trial, two objects from each set were presented in a former position and two in a new one. We quantified the exploratory behaviour and calculated discrimination indices in a cohort of 20 marmosets. Young animals presented a preserved memory for combined what-where, and what-when components of the experiment, which declined with aging. These findings lead one to expect episodic-like memory deficits in aged marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa De Castro
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Toulouse, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - UMR 5549, Toulouse, France.
| | - Pascal Girard
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Toulouse, France. .,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
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Poulter SL, Kosaki Y, Sanderson DJ, McGregor A. Spontaneous object-location memory based on environmental geometry is impaired by both hippocampal and dorsolateral striatal lesions. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820972599. [PMID: 33283053 PMCID: PMC7683846 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820972599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of the hippocampus and the dorsolateral striatum in the representation of environmental geometry using a spontaneous object recognition procedure. Rats were placed in a kite-shaped arena and allowed to explore two distinctive objects in each of the right-angled corners. In a different room, rats were then placed into a rectangular arena with two identical copies of one of the two objects from the exploration phase, one in each of the two adjacent right-angled corners that were separated by a long wall. Time spent exploring these two objects was recorded as a measure of recognition memory. Since both objects were in different locations with respect to the room (different between exploration and test phases) and the global geometry (also different between exploration and test phases), differential exploration of the objects must be a result of initial habituation to the object relative to its local geometric context. The results indicated an impairment in processing the local geometric features of the environment for both hippocampus and dorsolateral striatum lesioned rats compared with sham-operated controls, though a control experiment showed these rats were unimpaired in a standard object recognition task. The dorsolateral striatum has previously been implicated in egocentric route-learning, but the results indicate an unexpected role for the dorsolateral striatum in processing the spatial layout of the environment. The results provide the first evidence that lesions to the hippocampus and dorsolateral striatum impair spontaneous encoding of local environmental geometric features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Kosaki
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Department of Psychology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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