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Zhang WJ, Guo ZX, Wang YD, Fang SY, Wan CM, Yu XL, Guo XF, Chen YY, Zhou X, Huang JQ, Li XJ, Chen JX, Fan LL. From Perspective of Hippocampal Plasticity: Function of Antidepressant Chinese Medicine Xiaoyaosan. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:747-758. [PMID: 38900227 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most commonly studied brain regions in the context of depression. The volume of the hippocampus is significantly reduced in patients with depression, which severely disrupts hippocampal neuroplasticity. However, antidepressant therapies that target hippocampal neuroplasticity have not been identified as yet. Chinese medicine (CM) can slow the progression of depression, potentially by modulating hippocampal neuroplasticity. Xiaoyaosan (XYS) is a CM formula that has been clinically used for the treatment of depression. It is known to protect Gan (Liver) and Pi (Spleen) function, and may exert its antidepressant effects by regulating hippocampal neuroplasticity. In this review, we have summarized the association between depression and aberrant hippocampal neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we have discussed the researches published in the last 30 years on the effects of XYS on hippocampal neuroplasticity in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying its therapeutic action against depression. The results of this review can aid future research on XYS for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jing Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-di Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shao-Yi Fang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chun-Miao Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yue-Yue Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Li Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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2
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Mundorf A, Lischke A, Peterburs J, Alexander N, Bonnekoh LM, Brosch K, Flinkenflügel K, Goltermann J, Hahn T, Jansen A, Meinert S, Nenadić I, Schürmeyer NN, Stein F, Straube B, Thiel K, Teutenberg L, Thomas-Odenthal F, Usemann P, Winter A, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, Ocklenburg S. Handedness in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a large-scale cross-disorder study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01833-9. [PMID: 38914850 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
While most people are right-handed, a minority are left-handed or mixed-handed. It has been suggested that mental and developmental disorders are associated with increased prevalence of left-handedness and mixed-handedness. However, substantial heterogeneity exists across disorders, indicating that not all disorders are associated with a considerable shift away from right-handedness. Increased frequencies in left- and mixed-handedness have also been associated with more severe clinical symptoms, indicating that symptom severity rather than diagnosis explains the high prevalence of non-right-handedness in mental disorders. To address this issue, the present study investigated the association between handedness and measures of stress reactivity, depression, mania, anxiety, and positive and negative symptoms in a large sample of 994 healthy controls and 1213 patients with DSM IV affective disorders, schizoaffective disorders, or schizophrenia. A series of complementary analyses revealed lower lateralization and a higher percentage of mixed-handedness in patients with major depression (14.9%) and schizophrenia (24.0%) compared to healthy controls (12%). For patients with schizophrenia, higher symptom severity was associated with an increasing tendency towards left-handedness. No associations were found for patients diagnosed with major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective disorder. In healthy controls, no association between hand preference and symptoms was evident. Taken together, these findings suggest that both diagnosis and symptom severity are relevant for the shift away from right-handedness in mental disorders like schizophrenia and major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annakarina Mundorf
- ISM Institute of Systems Medicine & Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alexander Lischke
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- ICPP Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- ISM Institute of Systems Medicine & Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Linda M Bonnekoh
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Glen Oaks, USA
| | - Kira Flinkenflügel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea Teutenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paula Usemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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3
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Haniff ZR, Bocharova M, Mantingh T, Rucker JJ, Velayudhan L, Taylor DM, Young AH, Aarsland D, Vernon AC, Thuret S. Psilocybin for dementia prevention? The potential role of psilocybin to alter mechanisms associated with major depression and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108641. [PMID: 38583670 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Major depression is an established risk factor for subsequent dementia, and depression in late life may also represent a prodromal state of dementia. Considering current challenges in the clinical development of disease modifying therapies for dementia, the focus of research is shifting towards prevention and modification of risk factors to alter the neurodegenerative disease trajectory. Understanding mechanistic commonalities underlying affective symptoms and cognitive decline may reveal biomarkers to aid early identification of those at risk of progressing to dementia during the preclinical phase of disease, thus allowing for timely intervention. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a phenomenon that describes the birth of new neurons in the dentate gyrus throughout life and it is associated with spatial learning, memory and mood regulation. Microglia are innate immune system macrophages in the central nervous system that carefully regulate AHN via multiple mechanisms. Disruption in AHN is associated with both dementia and major depression and microgliosis is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that psychedelics promote neuroplasticity, including neurogenesis, and may also be immunomodulatory. In this context, psilocybin, a serotonergic agonist with rapid-acting antidepressant properties has the potential to ameliorate intersecting pathophysiological processes relevant for both major depression and neurodegenerative diseases. In this narrative review, we focus on the evidence base for the effects of psilocybin on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and microglial form and function; which may suggest that psilocybin has the potential to modulate multiple mechanisms of action, and may have implications in altering the progression from major depression to dementia in those at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarah R Haniff
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mariia Bocharova
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Division of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Mantingh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - James J Rucker
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Division of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Taylor
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Division of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Division of Neuroscience of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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4
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Camacho-Téllez V, Castro MN, Wainsztein AE, Goldberg X, De Pino G, Costanzo EY, Cardoner N, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C, Guinjoan SM, Villarreal MF. Childhood adversity modulates structural brain changes in borderline personality but not in major depression disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111803. [PMID: 38460393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively affect the function and structure of emotion brain circuits, increasing the risk of various psychiatric disorders. It is unclear if ACEs show disorder specificity with respect to their effects on brain structure. We aimed to investigate whether the structural brain effects of ACEs differ between patients with major depression (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). These disorders share many symptoms but likely have different etiologies. To achieve our goal, we obtained structural 3T-MRI images from 20 healthy controls (HC), 19 MDD patients, and 18 BPD patients, and measured cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter volumes. We utilized the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire to quantify self-reported exposure to childhood trauma. Our findings suggest that individuals with MDD exhibit a smaller cortical thickness when compared to those with BPD. However, ACEs showed a significantly affected relationship with cortical thickness in BPD but not in MDD. ACEs were found to be associated with thinning in cortical regions involved in emotional behavior in BPD, whereas HC showed an opposite association. Our results suggest a potential mechanism of ACE effects on psychopathology involving changes in brain structure. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Camacho-Téllez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Mariana N Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
| | - Agustina E Wainsztein
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fleni, Argentina
| | - Ximena Goldberg
- Mental Health Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela De Pino
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Laboratorio de Neuroimágenes, Departamento de Imágenes, Fleni, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - Elsa Y Costanzo
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fleni, Argentina
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma University, and Oxley College, Tulsa University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mirta F Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Argentina
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5
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Safitri N, Usman AN, Ariyandy A. An Effect of Chronic Negative Stress on Hippocampal Structures and Functional Connectivity in Patients with Depressive Disorder [Letter]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:1153-1154. [PMID: 38827637 PMCID: PMC11141736 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s478851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Safitri
- Department of Midwifery, Postgraduate School Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Andi Ariyandy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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6
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Miquel-Rio L, Sarriés-Serrano U, Sancho-Alonso M, Florensa-Zanuy E, Paz V, Ruiz-Bronchal E, Manashirov S, Campa L, Pilar-Cuéllar F, Bortolozzi A. ER stress in mouse serotonin neurons triggers a depressive phenotype alleviated by ketamine targeting eIF2α signaling. iScience 2024; 27:109787. [PMID: 38711453 PMCID: PMC11070602 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a devastating mood disorder that causes significant disability worldwide. Current knowledge of its pathophysiology remains modest and clear biological markers are lacking. Emerging evidence from human and animal models reveals persistent alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, suggesting that ER stress-related signaling pathways may be targets for prevention and treatment. However, the neurobiological basis linking the pathways involved in depression-related ER stress remains unknown. Here, we report that an induced model of ER stress in mouse serotonin (5-HT) neurons is associated with reduced Egr1-dependent 5-HT cellular activity and 5-HT neurotransmission, resulting in neuroplasticity deficits in forebrain regions and a depressive-like phenotype. Ketamine administration engages downstream eIF2α signaling to trigger rapid neuroplasticity events that rescue the depressive-like effects. Collectively, these data identify ER stress in 5-HT neurons as a cellular pathway involved in the pathophysiology of depression and show that eIF2α is critical in eliciting ketamine's fast antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Miquel-Rio
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Systems Neuropharmacology Research Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Unai Sarriés-Serrano
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Systems Neuropharmacology Research Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María Sancho-Alonso
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Systems Neuropharmacology Research Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Florensa-Zanuy
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Verónica Paz
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Systems Neuropharmacology Research Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Ruiz-Bronchal
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Systems Neuropharmacology Research Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sharon Manashirov
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- miCure Therapeutics LTD., Tel-Aviv 6423902, Israel
| | - Leticia Campa
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Systems Neuropharmacology Research Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Pilar-Cuéllar
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Analia Bortolozzi
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Systems Neuropharmacology Research Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Guo W, Ma Q, Zhang F, Li K, Yi Q. An Effect of Chronic Negative Stress on Hippocampal Structures and Functional Connectivity in Patients with Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:1011-1024. [PMID: 38764745 PMCID: PMC11102123 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s460429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depressive disorder is a mental health disorder with complicated etiopathogenesis. Environmental stress and neurodevelopment combined with other factors contribute to the occurrence of depression. Especially for the depressive disorder with chronic negative stress, it has characteristics of recurrence and poor curative effect because of unclear mechanism. Here, we investigated the hippocampal structures and functional connectivity (FC) according to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with depression who underwent chronic negative stress. Patients and Methods A total of 65 patients with depression (34 underwent chronic negative stress and 31 non-underwent chronic negative stress) and 30 healthy controls who did not undergo chronic negative stress were included in the study. The volumes of hippocampal subfields, seed-based FCs between hippocampus and the whole brain voxels, and ROI-wise-based FC between hippocampal subfields were compared among the three groups. Results In the patients with depression who underwent chronic negative stress, the volumes of right_GC-ML-DG-head, right_CA4-head and right_CA3-head increased, FCs between Temporal_Mid_R, Precuneus_R, Frontal_Sup_R, Temporal_Sup_R, Angular_L, Frontal_Inf_Tri_R, Supp_Motor_Area_R, Precentral_L and hippocampus increased, and FCs between parasubiculum and CA3, and presubiculum and CA1 decreased. When compared to the patients who did not undergo chronic negative stress, the patients who underwent chronic negative stress had larger volumes of right_GC-ML-DG-head and right_CA3-head, higher FCs between Frontal_Sup_R, Frontal_Inf_Tri_R and hippocampus, and lower FCs between presubiculum and CA1. Conclusion The depression underwent chronic negative stress may experience disrupted hippocampal structures and functional connectivity. It may be one of potential depressive disorder subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioural Disorders, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioural Disorders, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Guo
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioural Disorders, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Mental (Psychological) Disorder, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioural Disorders, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioural Disorders, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qizhong Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Mental (Psychological) Disorder, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Evans JW, Graves MC, Nugent AC, Zarate CA. Hippocampal volume changes after (R,S)-ketamine administration in patients with major depressive disorder and healthy volunteers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4538. [PMID: 38402253 PMCID: PMC10894199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus and amygdala have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Preclinical models suggest that stress-related changes in these regions can be reversed by antidepressants, including ketamine. Clinical studies have identified reduced volumes in MDD that are thought to be potentiated by early life stress and worsened by repeated depressive episodes. This study used 3T and 7T structural magnetic resonance imaging data to examine longitudinal changes in hippocampal and amygdalar subfield volumes associated with ketamine treatment. Data were drawn from a previous double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of healthy volunteers (HVs) unmedicated individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) (3T: 18 HV, 26 TRD, 7T: 17 HV, 30 TRD) who were scanned at baseline and twice following either a 40 min IV ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline infusion (acute: 1-2 days, interim: 9-10 days post infusion). No baseline differences were noted between the two groups. At 10 days post-infusion, a slight increase was observed between ketamine and placebo scans in whole left amygdalar volume in individuals with TRD. No other differences were found between individuals with TRD and HVs at either field strength. These findings shed light on the timing of ketamine's effects on cortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Evans
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm 7-3335, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Morgan C Graves
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm 7-3335, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Allison C Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm 7-3335, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- MEG Core, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm 7-3335, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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9
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Vu T, Smith JA. The pathophysiology and management of depression in cardiac surgery patients. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1195028. [PMID: 37928924 PMCID: PMC10623009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is common in the cardiac surgery population. This contemporary narrative review aims to explore the main pathophysiological disturbances underpinning depression specifically within the cardiac surgery population. The common non-pharmacological and pharmacological management strategies used to manage depression within the cardiac surgery patient population are also explored. Methods A total of 1291 articles were identified through Ovid Medline and Embase. The findings from 39 studies were included for qualitative analysis in this narrative review. Results Depression is associated with several pathophysiological and behavioral factors which increase the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease which may ultimately require surgical intervention. The main pathophysiological factors contributing to depression are well characterized and include autonomic nervous system dysregulation, excessive inflammation and disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. There are also several behavioral factors in depressed patients associated with the development of coronary heart disease including poor diet, insufficient exercise, poor compliance with medications and reduced adherence to cardiac rehabilitation. The common preventative and management modalities used for depression following cardiac surgery include preoperative and peri-operative education, cardiac rehabilitation, cognitive behavioral therapy, religion/prayer/spirituality, biobehavioral feedback, anti-depressant medications, and statins. Conclusion This contemporary review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to depression following cardiac surgery and the current management modalities. Further studies on the preventative and management strategies for postoperative depression in the cardiac surgery patient population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Vu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian A. Smith
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Hao X, Jia Y, Chen J, Zou C, Jiang C. Subthreshold Depression: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2149-2169. [PMID: 37867932 PMCID: PMC10588757 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s425509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Subthreshold depression (StD) is considered to be the "precursor" stage of major depressive disorder (MDD), which could cause higher risk of suicide, disease burden and functional impairment. There have been various non-pharmacological interventions for StD. However, the comparison of their effectiveness still lacks sufficient evidence. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate and rank the efficacy of multiple non-pharmacological interventions targeting StD. Methods We conducted a thorough search across various databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO from inception to December 2022. All included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of non-pharmacological interventions for patients with StD compared with control group (CG). Several universal scales for measuring depression severity were used as efficacy outcomes. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to separately rank each intervention using the "Stata 17.0" software. Results A total of thirty-six trials were included, involving twenty-eight interventions and 7417 participants. The research found that most non-pharmacological interventions were superior to controls for StD. In each outcome evaluation by different scales for measuring depression, psychotherapy always ranked first in terms of treatment effectiveness, especially Problem-solving Therapy (PST), Behavioral Activation Therapy (BAT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)/Internet-based CBT (I-CBT)/Telephone-based CBT (T-CBT). Since different groups could not be directly compared, the total optimal intervention could not be determined. Conclusion Here, we show that psychotherapy may be the better choice for the treatment of StD. This study provides some evidence on StD management selection for clinical workers. However, to establish its intervention effect more conclusively, the content, format and operators of psychotherapy still require extensive exploration to conduct more effective, convenient and cost-effective implementation in primary healthcare. Notably, further research is also urgently needed to find the biological and neural mechanisms of StD by examining whether psychotherapy alters neuroplasticity in patients with StD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Hao
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Jia
- Department of Outpatient, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Outpatient, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Zou
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuinan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Barroso J, Branco P, Pinto-Ramos J, Vigotsky AD, Reis AM, Schnitzer TJ, Galhardo V, Apkarian AV. Subcortical brain anatomy as a potential biomarker of persistent pain after total knee replacement in osteoarthritis. Pain 2023; 164:2306-2315. [PMID: 37463229 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The neural mechanisms for the persistence of pain after a technically successful arthroplasty in osteoarthritis (OA) remain minimally studied, and direct evidence of the brain as a predisposing factor for pain chronicity in this setting has not been investigated. We undertook this study as a first effort to identify presurgical brain and clinical markers of postarthroplasty pain in knee OA. Patients with knee OA (n = 81) awaiting total arthroplasty underwent clinical and psychological assessment and brain magnetic resonance imagining. Postoperative pain scores were measured at 6 months after surgery. Brain subcortical anatomic properties (volume and shape) and clinical indices were studied as determinants of postoperative pain. We show that presurgical subcortical volumes (bilateral amygdala, thalamus, and left hippocampus), together with shape deformations of the right anterior hippocampus and right amygdala, associate with pain persistence 6 months after surgery in OA. Longer pain duration, higher levels of presurgical anxiety, and the neuropathic character of pain were also prognostic of postsurgical pain outcome. Brain and clinical indices accounted for unique influences on postoperative pain. Our study demonstrates the presence of presurgical subcortical brain factors that relate to postsurgical persistence of OA pain. These preliminary results challenge the current dominant view that mechanisms of OA pain predominantly underlie local joint mechanisms, implying novel clinical management and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barroso
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and
- Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Center of Excellence for Chronic Pain and Drug Abuse Research, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Paulo Branco
- Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Center of Excellence for Chronic Pain and Drug Abuse Research, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Andrew D Vigotsky
- Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Center of Excellence for Chronic Pain and Drug Abuse Research, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | | | - Thomas J Schnitzer
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Center of Excellence for Chronic Pain and Drug Abuse Research, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Departments of Rheumatology and
- Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vasco Galhardo
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Vania Apkarian
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and
- Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Center of Excellence for Chronic Pain and Drug Abuse Research, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Zhang W, Rutlin J, Eisenstein SA, Wang Y, Barch DM, Hershey T, Bogdan R, Bijsterbosch JD. Neuroinflammation in the Amygdala Is Associated With Recent Depressive Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:967-975. [PMID: 37164312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence suggests that elevated inflammation may contribute to depression. Yet, the link between peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation in depression is unclear. Here, using data from the UK Biobank, we estimated associations among depression, C-reactive protein (CRP) as a measure of peripheral inflammation, and neuroinflammation as indexed by diffusion basis spectral imaging-based restricted fraction (DBSI-RF). METHODS DBSI-RF was derived from diffusion-weighted imaging data (N = 11,512) for whole-brain gray matter (global-RF), and regions of interest in the bilateral amygdala (amygdala-RF) and hippocampus (hippocampus-RF), and CRP was estimated from blood (serum) samples. Self-reported recent depression symptoms were measured using a 4-item assessment. Linear regressions were used to estimate associations between CRP and DBSI-RFs with depression while adjusting for the following covariates: age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, and medical conditions. RESULTS Elevated CRP was associated with higher depression symptoms (β = 0.04, false discovery rate-corrected p < .005) and reduced global-RF (β = -0.03, false discovery rate-corrected p < .001). Higher amygdala-RF was associated with elevated depression-an effect resilient to added covariates and CRP (β = 0.02, false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). Interestingly, this association was stronger in individuals with a lifetime history of depression (β = 0.07, p < .005) than in those without (β = 0.03, p < .05). Associations between global-RF or hippocampus-RF with depression were not significant, and no DBSI-RF indices indirectly linked CRP with depression (i.e., mediation effect). CONCLUSIONS Peripheral inflammation and DBSI-RF neuroinflammation in the amygdala are independently associated with depression, consistent with animal studies suggesting distinct pathways of peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of depression and with investigations highlighting the role of the amygdala in stress-induced inflammation and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah A Eisenstein
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Janine D Bijsterbosch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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13
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Affatato O, Dahlén AD, Rukh G, Schiöth HB, Mwinyi J. Assessing volumetric brain differences in migraine and depression patients: a UK Biobank study. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 37507671 PMCID: PMC10375767 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine and depression are two of the most common and debilitating conditions. From a clinical perspective, they are mostly prevalent in women and manifest a partial overlapping symptomatology. Despite the high level of comorbidity, previous studies hardly investigated possible common patterns in brain volumetric differences compared to healthy subjects. Therefore, the current study investigates and compares the volumetric difference patterns in sub-cortical regions between participants with migraine or depression in comparison to healthy controls. METHODS The study included data from 43 930 participants of the large UK Biobank cohort. Using official ICD10 diagnosis, we selected 712 participants with migraine, 1 853 with depression and 23 942 healthy controls. We estimated mean volumetric difference between the groups for the different sub-cortical brain regions using generalized linear regression models, conditioning the model within the levels of BMI, age, sex, ethnical background, diastolic blood pressure, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, Assessment Centre, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, comorbidities and total brain volume. RESULTS We detected larger overall volume of the caudate (mean difference: 66, 95% CI [-3, 135]) and of the thalamus (mean difference: 103 mm3, 95% CI [-2, 208]) in migraineurs than healthy controls. We also observed that individuals with depression appear to have also larger overall (mean difference: 47 mm3, 95% CI [-7, 100]) and gray matter (mean difference: 49 mm3, 95% CI [2, 95]) putamen volumes than healthy controls, as well as larger amygdala volume (mean difference: 17 mm3, 95% CI [-7, 40]). CONCLUSION Migraineurs manifested larger overall volumes at the level of the nucleus caudate and of the thalamus, which might imply abnormal pain modulation and increased migraine susceptibility. Larger amygdala and putamen volumes in participants with depression than controls might be due to increased neuronal activity in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreste Affatato
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Uppsala University's Centre for Women's Mental Health During the Reproductive Lifespan - WoMHeR, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Amelia D Dahlén
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gull Rukh
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Surgical Science, Group of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University's Centre for Women's Mental Health During the Reproductive Lifespan - WoMHeR, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Coelho A, Lima-Bastos S, Gobira P, Lisboa S. Endocannabinoid signaling and epigenetics modifications in the neurobiology of stress-related disorders. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220034. [PMID: 37520658 PMCID: PMC10372471 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is associated with psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is also a vulnerability factor to developing or reinstating substance use disorder. Stress causes several changes in the neuro-immune-endocrine axis, potentially resulting in prolonged dysfunction and diseases. Changes in several transmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glucocorticoids, and cytokines, are associated with psychiatric disorders or behavioral alterations in preclinical studies. Complex and interacting mechanisms make it very difficult to understand the physiopathology of psychiatry conditions; therefore, studying regulatory mechanisms that impact these alterations is a good approach. In the last decades, the impact of stress on biology through epigenetic markers, which directly impact gene expression, is under intense investigation; these mechanisms are associated with behavioral alterations in animal models after stress or drug exposure, for example. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system modulates stress response, reward circuits, and other physiological functions, including hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and immune response. eCBs, for example, act retrogradely at presynaptic neurons, limiting the release of neurotransmitters, a mechanism implicated in the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects after stress. Epigenetic mechanisms can impact the expression of eCB system molecules, which in turn can regulate epigenetic mechanisms. This review will present evidence of how the eCB system and epigenetic mechanisms interact and the consequences of this interaction in modulating behavioral changes after stress exposure in preclinical studies or psychiatric conditions. Moreover, evidence that correlates the involvement of the eCB system and epigenetic mechanisms in drug abuse contexts will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Coelho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sávio Lima-Bastos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Gobira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina F. Lisboa
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Simons R, Ong M, Beach S, Lei MK, Philibert R, Mielke M. Direct and Indirect Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Discrimination on Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study of African American Women. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:799-808. [PMID: 36810805 PMCID: PMC10195880 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study builds on recent findings suggesting that the stress of institutional and interpersonal racism may contribute to African Americans' elevated risk for dementia. We investigated the extent to which 2 consequences of racism-low socioeconomic status (SES) and discrimination-predict self-reported cognitive decline (SCD) 19 years later. Further, we examined potential mediating pathways that might link SES and discrimination to cognitive decline. Potential mediators included depression, accelerated biological aging, and onset of chronic illnesses. METHODS Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 293 African American women. SCD was assessed using the Everyday Cognition Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the effects of SES and racial discrimination, both measured in 2002, on SCD reported in 2021. Turning to the mediators, midlife depression was assessed in 2002, accelerated aging in 2019, and chronic illness in 2019. Age and prodrome depression were included as covariates. RESULTS There were direct effects of SES and discrimination on SCD. In addition, these 2 stressors showed a significant indirect effect on SCD through depression. Finally, there was evidence for a more complex pathway where SES and discrimination accelerate biological aging, with accelerated aging, in turn leading to chronic illness, which then predicted SCD. DISCUSSION Results of the present study add to a growing literature indicating that living in a racialized society is a central factor in explaining the high risk for dementia among Black Americans. Future research should continue to emphasize the various ways that exposure to racism over the life course effects cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Simons
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mei Ling Ong
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven R H Beach
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa School of
Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University, School
of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,
USA
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16
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Dezfouli RA, Mazaheri S, Mousavi Z, Haghparast A. Restraint stress induced the antinociceptive responses via the dopamine receptors within the hippocampal CA1 area in animal model of persistent inflammatory pain. Behav Brain Res 2023; 443:114307. [PMID: 36764008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been declared that dopamine receptors within the hippocampal formation are involved in emotion, memory, and pain processing. Remarkably, both CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) areas of the hippocampal formation are involved in persistent peripheral nociceptive perception. A prior study showed that dopamine receptors within the hippocampal DG have a critical role in antinociception induced by forced swim stress (FSS), as a physical stressor, in the presence of formalin irritation. The present experiments were designed to assess whether dopaminergic receptors within the CA1 have any role in antinociceptive responses induced by restraint stress (RS) as a psychological stressor after applying the formalin test as an animal model of persistent inflammatory pain. The D1- and D2-like dopamine receptor antagonists, SCH23390 and Sulpiride (0.25, 1, and 4 μg/0.5 μl), were injected into the CA1 areas of ninety-six male albino Wistar rats 5 min before a 3-h period of restraint stress. Ten min after stress termination, a 50-μl formalin 2.5 % was subcutaneously injected into the plantar surface of the rat's hind paw to induce persistent inflammatory pain. Nociceptive behaviors in both phases of the formalin test were analyzed in the 5-min blocks for a 60-min period. The obtained results demonstrate that although RS could induce an antinociceptive response in both phases of the formalin test, microinjection of D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors, antagonists attenuated RS-induced analgesia. These results support the hypothesis that acute restraint stress could induce analgesia via dopaminergic projection to the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Abdi Dezfouli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Mazaheri
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Markov DD, Dolotov OV, Grivennikov IA. The Melanocortin System: A Promising Target for the Development of New Antidepressant Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076664. [PMID: 37047638 PMCID: PMC10094937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, causing significant human suffering and socioeconomic loss. Since conventional antidepressants are not sufficiently effective, there is an urgent need to develop new antidepressant medications. Despite marked advances in the neurobiology of depression, the etiology and pathophysiology of this disease remain poorly understood. Classical and newer hypotheses of depression suggest that an imbalance of brain monoamines, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) and immune system, or impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors pathways are cause of depression. It is assumed that conventional antidepressants improve these closely related disturbances. The purpose of this review was to discuss the possibility of affecting these disturbances by targeting the melanocortin system, which includes adrenocorticotropic hormone-activated receptors and their peptide ligands (melanocortins). The melanocortin system is involved in the regulation of various processes in the brain and periphery. Melanocortins, including peripherally administered non-corticotropic agonists, regulate HPAA activity, exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, stimulate the levels of neurotrophic factors, and enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotransmission. Therefore, endogenous melanocortins and their analogs are able to complexly affect the functioning of those body’s systems that are closely related to depression and the effects of antidepressants, thereby demonstrating a promising antidepressant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii D. Markov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Dolotov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Grivennikov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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Simons RL, Ong ML, Lei MK, Beach SRH, Zhang Y, Philibert R, Mielke MM. Changes in Loneliness, BDNF, and Biological Aging Predict Trajectories in a Blood-Based Epigenetic Measure of Cortical Aging: A Study of Older Black Americans. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:842. [PMID: 37107599 PMCID: PMC10138024 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent epigenetic measure of aging has developed based on human cortex tissue. This cortical clock (CC) dramatically outperformed extant blood-based epigenetic clocks in predicting brain age and neurological degeneration. Unfortunately, measures that require brain tissue are of limited utility to investigators striving to identify everyday risk factors for dementia. The present study investigated the utility of using the CpG sites included in the CC to formulate a peripheral blood-based cortical measure of brain age (CC-Bd). To establish the utility of CC-Bd, we used growth curves with individually varying time points and longitudinal data from a sample of 694 aging African Americans. We examined whether three risk factors that have been linked to cognitive decline-loneliness, depression, and BDNFm-predicted CC-Bd after controlling for several factors, including three new-generation epigenetic clocks. Our findings showed that two clocks-DunedinPACE and PoAm-predicted CC-BD, but that increases in loneliness and BDNFm continued to be robust predictors of accelerated CC-Bd even after taking these effects into account. This suggests that CC-Bd is assessing something more than the pan-tissue epigenetic clocks but that, at least in part, brain health is also associated with the general aging of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L. Simons
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mei Ling Ong
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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19
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Hen-Shoval D, Moshe L, Indig-Naimer T, Mechoulam R, Shoval G, Zalsman G, Kogan NM, Weller A. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Blockade Prevents Anti-Depressive-like Effect of Cannabidiol Acid Methyl Ester in Female WKY Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043828. [PMID: 36835237 PMCID: PMC9958868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is diverse and multi-factorial, yet treatment strategies remain limited. While women are twice as likely to develop the disorder as men, many animal model studies of antidepressant response rely solely on male subjects. The endocannabinoid system has been linked to depression in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Cannabidiolic Acid-Methyl Ester (CBDA-ME, EPM-301) demonstrated anti-depressive-like effects in male rats. Here, we explored acute effects of CBDA-ME and some possible mediating mechanisms, using a depressive-like genetic animal model, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. In Experiment 1, Female WKY rats underwent the Forced swim test (FST) following acute CBDA-ME oral ingestion (1/5/10 mg/kg). In Experiment 2, Male and female WKY rats underwent the FST after injection of CB1 (AM-251) and CB2 (AM-630) receptor antagonists 30 min before acute CBDA-ME ingestion (1 mg/kg, males; 5 mg/kg, females). Serum levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), numerous endocannabinoids and hippocampal Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) levels were assessed. Results indicate that females required higher doses of CBDA-ME (5 and 10 mg/kg) to induce an anti-depressive-like effect in the FST. AM-630 blocked the antidepressant-like effect in females, but not in males. The effect of CBDA-ME in females was accompanied by elevated serum BDNF and some endocannabinoids and low hippocampal expression of FAAH. This study shows a sexually diverse behavioral anti-depressive response to CBDA-ME and possible underlying mechanisms in females, supporting its potential use for treating MDD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hen-Shoval
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Correspondence: (D.H.-S.); (N.M.K.)
| | - Lital Moshe
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Talia Indig-Naimer
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Gal Shoval
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva 4910002, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Gil Zalsman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natalya M. Kogan
- Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Correspondence: (D.H.-S.); (N.M.K.)
| | - Aron Weller
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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20
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Sherman BE, Harris BB, Turk-Browne NB, Sinha R, Goldfarb EV. Hippocampal mechanisms support cortisol-induced memory enhancements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527745. [PMID: 36798309 PMCID: PMC9934703 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress can powerfully influence episodic memory, often enhancing memory encoding for emotionally salient information. These stress-induced memory enhancements stand at odds with demonstrations that stress and the stress-related hormone cortisol can negatively affect the hippocampus, a brain region important for episodic memory encoding. To resolve this apparent conflict and determine whether and how the hippocampus supports memory encoding under cortisol, we combined behavioral assays of associative memory, high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and pharmacological manipulation of cortisol in a within-participant, double-blinded procedure. Hydrocortisone led to enhanced functional connectivity between hippocampal subregions, which predicted subsequent memory enhancements for emotional information. Cortisol also modified the relationship between hippocampal representations and memory: whereas hippocampal signatures of distinctiveness predicted memory under placebo, relative integration predicted memory under cortisol. Together, these data provide novel evidence that the human hippocampus contains the necessary machinery to support emotional memory enhancements under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth V Goldfarb
- Department of Psychology, Yale University
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
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21
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Fries GR, Saldana VA, Finnstein J, Rein T. Molecular pathways of major depressive disorder converge on the synapse. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:284-297. [PMID: 36203007 PMCID: PMC9540059 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disease of still poorly understood molecular etiology. Extensive studies at different molecular levels point to a high complexity of numerous interrelated pathways as the underpinnings of depression. Major systems under consideration include monoamines, stress, neurotrophins and neurogenesis, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, mitochondrial dysfunction, (epi)genetics, inflammation, the opioid system, myelination, and the gut-brain axis, among others. This review aims at illustrating how these multiple signaling pathways and systems may interact to provide a more comprehensive view of MDD's neurobiology. In particular, considering the pattern of synaptic activity as the closest physical representation of mood, emotion, and conscience we can conceptualize, each pathway or molecular system will be scrutinized for links to synaptic neurotransmission. Models of the neurobiology of MDD will be discussed as well as future actions to improve the understanding of the disease and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R. Fries
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054 USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Valeria A. Saldana
- grid.262285.90000 0000 8800 2297Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, 370 Bassett Road, North Haven, CT 06473 USA
| | - Johannes Finnstein
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Project Group Molecular Pathways of Depression, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Project Group Molecular Pathways of Depression, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany.
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22
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Vasenina EE. [Gender characteristics of anxiety disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:48-53. [PMID: 37966439 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312310148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are an extremely significant issue of the modern society. According to the epidemiological data, the development of various affective syndromes shows gender-related differences. For example, clinically significant anxiety occurs 2.5 times more often in women than in men. Anxiety disorders in women are characterized by less favorable course, a tendency to relapses and chronification, and also by poor clinical response to therapy. Taking gender differences into account, a significant role of reproductive hormones may be assumed in development of both affective disorders and the features of the course of the disease. In this review we discuss various effects of testosterone, estrogens that can influence development risks of anxiety and depression, as well as possibly influence therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Vasenina
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Roddy DW, Roman E, Nasa A, Gazzaz A, Zainy A, Burke T, Staines L, Kelleher I, O'Neill A, Clarke M, O'Hanlon E, Cannon M. Microstructural changes along the cingulum in young adolescents with psychotic experiences: An along-tract analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5116-5131. [PMID: 36004608 PMCID: PMC9825926 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences (PEs) such as hallucinations and delusions are common among young people without psychiatric diagnoses and are associated with connectivity and white matter abnormalities, particularly in the limbic system. Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adolescents with reported PEs and matched controls, we examined the cingulum white matter tract along its length rather than as the usually reported single indivisible structure. Complex regional differences in diffusion metrics were found along the bundle at key loci following Bonferroni significance adjustment (p < .00013) with moderate to large effect sizes (.11-.76) throughout all significant subsegments. In this prospective community-based cohort of school-age children, these findings suggest that white matter alterations in the limbic system may be more common in the general non-clinical adolescent population than previously thought. Such white matter alternations may only be uncovered using a similar more granular along-tract analysis of white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren William Roddy
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd BuildingTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Elena Roman
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Anurag Nasa
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd BuildingTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Areej Gazzaz
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Ahmed Zainy
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Tom Burke
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Lorna Staines
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Ian Kelleher
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Aisling O'Neill
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd BuildingTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of PsychiatryRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
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24
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Rupprecht R, Wetzel CH, Dorostkar M, Herms J, Albert NL, Schwarzbach J, Schumacher M, Neumann ID. Translocator protein (18kDa) TSPO: a new diagnostic or therapeutic target for stress-related disorders? Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2918-2926. [PMID: 35444254 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Efficient treatment of stress-related disorders, such as depression, is still a major challenge. The onset of antidepressant drug action is generally quite slow, while the anxiolytic action of benzodiazepines is considerably faster. However, their long-term use is impaired by tolerance development, abuse liability and cognitive impairment. Benzodiazepines act as positive allosteric modulators of ɣ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. 3α-reduced neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone also are positive allosteric GABAA receptor modulators, however, through a site different from that targeted by benzodiazepines. Recently, the administration of neurosteroids such as brexanolone or zuranolone has been shown to rapidly ameliorate symptoms in post-partum depression or major depressive disorder. An attractive alternative to the administration of exogenous neurosteroids is promoting endogenous neurosteroidogenesis via the translocator protein 18k Da (TSPO). TSPO is a transmembrane protein located primarily in mitochondria, which mediates numerous biological functions, e.g., steroidogenesis and mitochondrial bioenergetics. TSPO ligands have been used in positron emission tomography (PET) studies as putative markers of microglia activation and neuroinflammation in stress-related disorders. Moreover, TSPO ligands have been shown to modulate neuroplasticity and to elicit antidepressant and anxiolytic therapeutic effects in animals and humans. As such, TSPO may open new avenues for understanding the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders and for the development of novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mario Dorostkar
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Schwarzbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schumacher
- Research Unit 1195, INSERM and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Neurobiology and Animal Physiology, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Morphological Biomarkers in the Amygdala and Hippocampus of Children and Adults at High Familial Risk for Depression. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051218. [PMID: 35626374 PMCID: PMC9141256 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is highly familial, and the hippocampus and amygdala are important in the pathophysiology of MDD. Whether morphological markers of risk for familial depression are present in the hippocampus or amygdala is unknown. We imaged the brains of 148 individuals, aged 6 to 54 years, who were members of a three-generation family cohort study and who were at either high or low familial risk for MDD. We compared surface morphological features of the hippocampus and amygdala across risk groups and assessed their associations with depression severity. High- compared with low-risk individuals had inward deformations of the head of both hippocampi and the medial surface of the left amygdala. The hippocampus findings persisted in analyses that included only those participants who had never had MDD, suggesting that these are true endophenotypic biomarkers for familial MDD. Posterior extension of the inward deformations was associated with more severe depressive symptoms, suggesting that a greater spatial extent of this biomarker may contribute to the transition from risk to the overt expression of symptoms. Significant associations of these biomarkers with corresponding biomarkers for cortical thickness suggest that these markers are components of a distributed cortico-limbic network of familial vulnerability to MDD.
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26
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Shengli C, Yingli Z, Zheng G, Shiwei L, Ziyun X, Han F, Yingwei Q, Gangqiang H. An aberrant hippocampal subregional network, rather than structure, characterizes major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:123-130. [PMID: 35085667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have implicated the hippocampus as a cardinal neural structure in major depressive disorder (MDD) pathogenesis. The hippocampal subregion-specific structural and functional abnormalities in MDD remain unknown. METHODS Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired in 140 patients with MDD and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). We quantified hippocampal subregional volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) following a structural and diffusion MRI data analysis processing stream. Hippocampal subregional networks were established using seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Univariate analysis was used to investigate the differences between the two groups. Significant subfield metrics were correlated with depression severity. RESULTS Compared with HCs, we did not find significant differences in subregional volumes or FA metrics in the MDD group. The MDD group exhibited a significantly weaker connectivity of the right hippocampal subregional networks with the temporal cortex (extending to the insula) and basal ganglia but showed increased connectivity of the right subiculum to the bilateral lingual gyrus. The FC between the right cornu ammonis 1 and right fusiform, between the right hippocampal amygdala transition area and the bilateral basal ganglia, were negatively correlated with depression severity (r = -0.224, p = 0.010; r = -0.196, p = 0.025, respectively) in the MDD group. LIMITATIONS This study did not consider the longitudinal changes in the structure and functional connectivity of the hippocampal subregion. CONCLUSION These findings advance our understanding of the neurobiological basis of depression by identifying the hippocampal subregional structural and functional abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shengli
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Duobao AVE 56, Liwan district, Guangzhou, China; Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Taoyuan AVE 89, Nanshan district, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhang Yingli
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Cuizhu AVE 1080, Luohu district, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Guo Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Univeristy Clincal Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Nanshan district, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Lin Shiwei
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Duobao AVE 56, Liwan district, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Ziyun
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Cuizhu AVE 1080, Luohu district, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Fang Han
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Cuizhu AVE 1080, Luohu district, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Qiu Yingwei
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Taoyuan AVE 89, Nanshan district, Shenzhen 518000, China,.
| | - Hou Gangqiang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Cuizhu AVE 1080, Luohu district, Shenzhen 518020, China.
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27
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Nasa A, Mosley O, Roman E, Kelliher A, Gaughan C, Levins KJ, Coppinger D, O'Hanlon E, Cannon M, Roddy DW. MRI volumetric changes in hippocampal subfields in psychosis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2022; 11:44. [PMID: 35292116 PMCID: PMC8925181 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus has for long been known for its ability to form new, declarative memory. However, emerging findings across conditions in the psychosis spectrum also implicate its role in emotional regulation. Systematic reviews have demonstrated consistent volume atrophic changes in the hippocampus. The aim of the systematic review and metanalysis which will follow from this protocol will be to investigate the volume-based neuroimaging findings across each of the subfields of the hippocampus in psychosis independent of diagnosis. METHODS Volume changes across subfields of the hippocampus in psychotic illnesses will be assessed by systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). MRI neuroimaging studies of patients with a definitive diagnosis of psychosis (including brief pre-diagnostic states) will be included. Studies lacking adequate controls, illicit drug use, medical psychosis, history of other significant psychiatric comorbidities, or emphasis on age groups above 65 or below 16 will be excluded. Subfields investigated will include the CA1, CA2/3, CA4, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, dentate gyrus, stratum, molecular layer, granular cell layer, entorhinal cortex, and fimbria. Two people will independently screen abstracts from the output of the search to select suitable studies. This will be followed by the two reviewers performing a full-text review of the studies which were selected based on suitable abstracts. One reviewer will independently perform all the data extraction, and another reviewer will then systemically check all the extracted information using the original articles to ensure accuracy. Statistical analysis will be performed using the metafor and meta-packages in R Studio with the application of the random-effects model. DISCUSSION This study will provide insight into the volumetric changes in psychosis of the subfields of the hippocampus, independent of diagnosis. This may shed light on the intricate neural pathology which encompasses psychosis and will open avenues for further exploration of the structures identified as potential drivers of volume change. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020199558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Nasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Olivia Mosley
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elena Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Allison Kelliher
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe Gaughan
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kirk J Levins
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Coppinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Darren William Roddy
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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28
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Majrashi NA, Alyami AS, Shubayr NA, Alenezi MM, Waiter GD. Amygdala and subregion volumes are associated with photoperiod and seasonal depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1388-1404. [PMID: 35165958 PMCID: PMC9304295 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although seasonal changes in amygdala volume have been demonstrated in animals, seasonal differences in human amygdala subregion volumes have yet to be investigated. Amygdala volume has also been linked to depressed mood. Therefore, we hypothesised that differences in photoperiod would predict differences in amygdala or subregion volumes and that this association would be linked to depressed mood. 10,033 participants ranging in age from 45 to 79 years were scanned by MRI in a single location. Amygdala subregion volumes were obtained using automated processing and segmentation algorithms. A mediation analysis tested whether amygdala volume mediated the relationship between photoperiod and mood. Photoperiod was positively associated with total amygdala volume (p < .001). Multivariate (GLM) analyses revealed significant effects of photoperiod across all amygdala subregion volumes for both hemispheres (p < .001). Post hoc univariate regression analyses revealed significant associations of photoperiod with each amygdala subregion volume (p < .001). PLS showed the highest loadings of amygdala subregions in lateral nucleus, ABN, basal nucleus, CAT, PLN, AAA, central nucleus, cortical nucleus and medial nucleus for left hemisphere and ABN, lateral nucleus, CAT, PLN, cortical nucleus, AAA, central nucleus and medial nucleus for right hemisphere. There were no significant associations between photoperiod and mood nor between mood scores and amygdala volumes, and due to the lack of these associations, the mediation hypothesis was not supported. This study is the first to demonstrate an association between photoperiod and amygdala volume. These findings add to the evidence supporting the role of photoperiod on brain structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A Majrashi
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ali S Alyami
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Shubayr
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshaal M Alenezi
- Radiology Department, King Khalid Hospital in Hail, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gordon D Waiter
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Tesen H, Watanabe K, Okamoto N, Ikenouchi A, Igata R, Konishi Y, Kakeda S, Yoshimura R. Volume of Amygdala Subregions and Clinical Manifestations in Patients With First-Episode, Drug-Naïve Major Depression. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:780884. [PMID: 35046783 PMCID: PMC8762364 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.780884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined amygdala subregion volumes in patients with a first episode of major depression (MD) and in healthy subjects. Covariate-adjusted linear regression was performed to compare the MD and healthy groups, and adjustments for age, gender, and total estimated intracranial volume showed no differences in amygdala subregion volumes between the healthy and MD groups. Within the MD group, we examined the association between amygdala subregion volume and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) score and the HAMD subscale score, and found no association in the left amygdala. In the right amygdala, however, there was an inverse linear association between the HAMD total and the HAMD core and lateral nucleus and anterior-amygdaloid-regions. Furthermore, an inverse linear association was seen between the HAMD psychic and the lateral nucleus, anterior-amygdaloid-regions, transition, and whole amygdala. The findings of this study suggest that the severity of MD and some symptoms of MD are associated with right amygdala volume. There have been few reports on the relationship between MD and amygdala subregional volume, and further research is needed to accumulate more data for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tesen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomichi Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikenouchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryohei Igata
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuki Konishi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Reiji Yoshimura,
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Murphy F, Nasa A, Cullinane D, Raajakesary K, Gazzaz A, Sooknarine V, Haines M, Roman E, Kelly L, O'Neill A, Cannon M, Roddy DW. Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:748372. [PMID: 35599780 PMCID: PMC9120425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.748372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of early life stress (ELS) demonstrate the long-lasting effects of acute and chronic stress on developmental trajectories. Such experiences can become biologically consolidated, creating individual vulnerability to psychological and psychiatric issues later in life. The hippocampus, amygdala, and the medial prefrontal cortex are all important limbic structures involved in the processes that undermine mental health. Hyperarousal of the sympathetic nervous system with sustained allostatic load along the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis and its connections has been theorized as the basis for adult psychopathology following early childhood trauma. In this review we synthesize current understandings and hypotheses concerning the neurobiological link between childhood trauma, the HPA axis, and adult psychiatric illness. We examine the mechanisms at play in the brain of the developing child and discuss how adverse environmental stimuli may become biologically incorporated into the structure and function of the adult brain via a discussion of the neurosequential model of development, sensitive periods and plasticity. The HPA connections and brain areas implicated in ELS and psychopathology are also explored. In a targeted review of HPA activation in mood and psychotic disorders, cortisol is generally elevated across mood and psychotic disorders. However, in bipolar disorder and psychosis patients with previous early life stress, blunted cortisol responses are found to awakening, psychological stressors and physiological manipulation compared to patients without previous early life stress. These attenuated responses occur in bipolar and psychosis patients on a background of increased cortisol turnover. Although cortisol measures are generally raised in depression, the evidence for a different HPA activation profile in those with early life stress is inconclusive. Further research is needed to explore the stress responses commonalities between bipolar disorder and psychosis in those patients with early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felim Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anurag Nasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kesidha Raajakesary
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Areej Gazzaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vitallia Sooknarine
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Madeline Haines
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling O'Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren William Roddy
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Nrf2 Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Inflammatory Injury via Mediating Wfs1 in Rats with Depression-Like Behaviors. Inflammation 2021; 45:399-413. [PMID: 34495404 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a major threat to global mental health and demands targeted therapeutic regimens. The current study set out to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) in depression-induced cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory injury. First, depressive rat models were established via chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) treatment. Cognitive function of rats was assessed by a series of behavioral tests. Rats were further stereotactically injected with Nrf2 overexpression vector, with expression patterns of Nrf2, miR-17-5p, and wolfram syndrome 1 (Wfs1) detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. In addition, pathological changes of murine hippocampus were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. In vitro cell models were additionally established using lipopolysaccharide. Cell viability was detected via the CCK-8 method. Moreover, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were detected via ELISA. Furthermore, the binding relationships between Nrf2 and the miR-17-5p promoter, miR-17-5p, and Wfs1 were verified. It was found that Nrf2 was weakly expressed in CUMS-treated rats, whereas Nrf2 upregulation alleviated cognitive dysfunction and brain inflammatory injury. Meanwhile, Nrf2 inhibited miR-17-5p expression via binding to the miR-17-5p promoter. miR-17-5p was also found to limit Wfs1 transcription. miR-17-5p overexpression or Wfs1 downregulation partly reversed the role of Nrf2 in reliving inflammatory injury of murine hippocampal neurons. Overall, our findings indicated that Nrf2 inhibited miR-17-5p expression and promoted Wfs1 transcription, thereby alleviating cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory injury in rats with depression-like behaviors.
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Roddy D, Kelly JR, Farrell C, Doolin K, Roman E, Nasa A, Frodl T, Harkin A, O'Mara S, O'Hanlon E, O'Keane V. Amygdala substructure volumes in Major Depressive Disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102781. [PMID: 34384996 PMCID: PMC8361319 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of the amygdala in the experience of emotional states and stress is well established. Connections from the amygdala to the hypothalamus activate the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis and the cortisol response. Previous studies have failed to find consistent whole amygdala volume changes in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), but differences may exist at the smaller substructural level of the amygdala nuclei. High-resolution T1 and T2-weighted-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRIs were compared between 80 patients with MDD and 83 healthy controls (HC) using the automated amygdala substructure module in FreeSurfer 6.0. Volumetric assessments were performed for individual nuclei and three anatomico-functional composite groups of nuclei. Salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR), as a measure of HPA responsivity, was measured in a subset of patients. The right medial nucleus volume was larger in MDD compared to HC (p = 0.002). Increased right-left volume ratios were found in MDD for the whole amygdala (p = 0.004), the laterobasal composite (p = 0.009) and in the central (p = 0.003) and medial (p = 0.014) nuclei. The CAR was not significantly different between MDD and HC. Within the MDD group the left corticoamygdaloid transition area was inversely correlated with the CAR, as measured by area under the curve (AUCg) (p ≤ 0.0001). In conclusion, our study found larger right medial nuclei volumes in MDD compared to HC and relatively increased right compared to left whole and substructure volume ratios in MDD. The results suggest that amygdala substructure volumes may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Roddy
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John R Kelly
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Chloë Farrell
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kelly Doolin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elena Roman
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anurag Nasa
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Mara
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Mankiw C, Whitman ET, Torres E, Lalonde F, Clasen LS, Blumenthal JD, Chakravarty MM, Raznahan A. Sex-specific associations between subcortical morphometry in childhood and adult alcohol consumption: A 17-year follow-up study. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102771. [PMID: 34359014 PMCID: PMC8350402 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Men and women tend to differ in the age of first alcohol consumption, transition into disordered drinking, and the prevalence of alcohol use disorder. Here, we use a unique longitudinal dataset to test for potentially predispositonal sex-biases in brain organization prior to initial alcohol exposure. Our study combines measures of subcortical morphometry gathered in alcohol naive individuals during childhood (mean age: 9.43 years, SD = 2.06) with self-report measures of alcohol use in the same individuals an average of 17 years later (N = 81, 46 males, 35 females). We observe that pediatric amygdala and hippocampus volume both show sex-biased relationships with adult drinking. Specifically, females show a stronger association between subcortical volumetric reductions in childhood and peak drinking in adulthood as compared to males. Detailed analysis of subcortical shape localizes these effects to the rostro-medial hippocampus and basolateral amygdala subnuclei. In contrast, we did not observe sex-specific associations between striatal anatomy and peak alcohol consumption. These results are consistent with a model in which organization of the amygdala and hippocampus in childhood is more relevant for subsequent patterns of peak alcohol use in females as compared to males. Differential neuroanatomical precursors of alcohol use in males and females could provide a potential developmental basis for well recognized sex-differences in alcohol use behaviors.. Thus, our findings not only indicate that brain correlates of human alcohol consumption are manifest long before alcohol initiation, but that some of these correlates are not equivalent between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Mankiw
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ethan T Whitman
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Torres
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - François Lalonde
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liv S Clasen
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Blumenthal
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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L. Cucurbita pepo Alleviates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Apoptosis, Neurogenesis, and Gliosis in Rat Hippocampus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6662649. [PMID: 34336111 PMCID: PMC8289620 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pumpkin has received significant attention due to its nutritional compounds that have antioxidant, antifatigue, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study is aimed at assessing the antidepressant-like effect of L. Cucurbita pepo, sweet pumpkin, in an animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and investigating its effect on the histological structure of hippocampus compared to fluoxetine. Forty male albino rats assigned into the negative control, positive control (CUMS), and Flu-treated and pumpkin-treated groups (n = 10) were utilized in this study. Exposing rats to CUMS continued for 28 days, and treatments used were applied during the last 14 days of exposure. Behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological changes were assessed after 28 days. In this study, pumpkin significantly reduced the immobility time (p = 0.02), corticosterone (p < 0.001), TNF-α, IL-6 (p < 0.001), and malondialdehyde (p = 0.003), whereas it significantly increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the serum of rats exposed to CUMS. Pumpkin markedly relieved the degenerative and atrophic changes observed in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. It significantly reduced caspase-3 and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression in the CA3 and DG. In conclusion, administration of pumpkin extract improved the behavioral, biochemical, and hippocampal pathological alternations induced in rats after exposure to CUMS in a comparable pattern to fluoxetine. This study highlighted the potential efficacy of pumpkin in alleviating depression disorder either alone or in conjugation with conventional antidepressant therapy.
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Šimić G, Tkalčić M, Vukić V, Mulc D, Španić E, Šagud M, Olucha-Bordonau FE, Vukšić M, R. Hof P. Understanding Emotions: Origins and Roles of the Amygdala. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060823. [PMID: 34072960 PMCID: PMC8228195 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions arise from activations of specialized neuronal populations in several parts of the cerebral cortex, notably the anterior cingulate, insula, ventromedial prefrontal, and subcortical structures, such as the amygdala, ventral striatum, putamen, caudate nucleus, and ventral tegmental area. Feelings are conscious, emotional experiences of these activations that contribute to neuronal networks mediating thoughts, language, and behavior, thus enhancing the ability to predict, learn, and reappraise stimuli and situations in the environment based on previous experiences. Contemporary theories of emotion converge around the key role of the amygdala as the central subcortical emotional brain structure that constantly evaluates and integrates a variety of sensory information from the surroundings and assigns them appropriate values of emotional dimensions, such as valence, intensity, and approachability. The amygdala participates in the regulation of autonomic and endocrine functions, decision-making and adaptations of instinctive and motivational behaviors to changes in the environment through implicit associative learning, changes in short- and long-term synaptic plasticity, and activation of the fight-or-flight response via efferent projections from its central nucleus to cortical and subcortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mladenka Tkalčić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Vana Vukić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Damir Mulc
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Marina Šagud
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Mario Vukšić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 07305, USA;
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Gonzales MM, Samra J, O’Donnell A, Mackin RS, Salinas J, Jacob M, Satizabal CL, Aparicio HJ, Thibault EG, Sanchez JS, Finney R, Rubinstein ZB, Mayblyum DV, Killiany RJ, Decarli CS, Johnson KA, Beiser AS, Seshadri S. Association of Midlife Depressive Symptoms with Regional Amyloid-β and Tau in the Framingham Heart Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:249-260. [PMID: 34024836 PMCID: PMC8900661 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms predict increased risk for dementia decades before the emergence of cognitive symptoms. Studies in older adults provide preliminary evidence for an association between depressive symptoms and amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau accumulation. It is unknown if similar alterations are observed in midlife when preventive strategies may be most effective. OBJECTIVE The study aim was to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and cerebral Aβ and tau in a predominately middle-aged cohort with examination of the apolipoprotein (APOE) ɛ4 allele as a moderator. METHODS Participants included 201 adults (mean age 53±8 years) who underwent 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B amyloid and 18F-Flortaucipir tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at the time of PET imaging, as well as eight years prior. Associations between depressive symptoms at both timepoints, as well as depression (CES-D≥16), with regional Aβ and tau PET retention were evaluated with linear regression adjusting for age and sex. Interactions with the APOE ɛ4 allele were explored. RESULTS Depressive symptoms and depression were not associated with PET outcomes in the overall sample. However, among APOE ɛ4 allele carriers, there was a significant cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and increased tau PET uptake in the entorhinal cortex (β= 0.446, SE = 0.155, p = 0.006) and amygdala (β= 0.350, SE = 0.133, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Although longitudinal studies are necessary, the results suggest that APOE ɛ4 carriers with depressive symptoms may present with higher susceptibility to early tau accumulation in regions integral to affective regulation and memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi M. Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jasmeet Samra
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne O’Donnell
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Scott Mackin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, Veteran Affairs Administration, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel Salinas
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mini Jacob
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugo J. Aparicio
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma G. Thibault
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin S. Sanchez
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zoe B. Rubinstein
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle V. Mayblyum
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron J. Killiany
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlie S. Decarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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