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Zakaria ZZ, Suleiman M, Benslimane FM, Al-Badr M, Sivaraman S, Korashy HM, Ahmad F, Uddin S, Mraiche F, Yalcin HC. Imatinib‑ and ponatinib‑mediated cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:187. [PMID: 39219269 PMCID: PMC11350628 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) offer targeted therapy for cancers but can cause severe cardiotoxicities. Determining their dose‑dependent impact on cardiac function is required to optimize therapy and minimize adverse effects. The dose‑dependent cardiotoxic effects of two TKIs, imatinib and ponatinib, were assessed in vitro using H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and in vivo using zebrafish embryos. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyocyte viability, apoptosis, size, and surface area were evaluated to assess the impact on cellular health. In vivo, zebrafish embryos were analyzed for heart rate, blood flow velocity, and morphological malformations to determine functional and structural changes. Additionally, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) was employed to measure the gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), established markers of cardiac injury. This comprehensive approach, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models alongside functional and molecular analyses, provides a robust assessment of the potential cardiotoxic effects. TKI exposure decreased viability and surface area in H9c2 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Similarly, zebrafish embryos exposed to TKIs exhibited dose‑dependent heart malformation. Both TKIs upregulated ANP and BNP expression, indicating heart injury. The present study demonstrated dose‑dependent cardiotoxic effects of imatinib and ponatinib in H9c2 cells and zebrafish models. These findings emphasize the importance of tailoring TKI dosage to minimize cardiac risks while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms and potential mitigation strategies of TKI‑induced cardiotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Z. Zakaria
- Vice President of Health and Medical Sciences Office, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muna Suleiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Mashael Al-Badr
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- National Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha 7744, Qatar
| | - Siveen Sivaraman
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Hesham M. Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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2
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Deir S, Mozhdehbakhsh Mofrad Y, Mashayekhan S, Shamloo A, Mansoori-Kermani A. Step-by-step fabrication of heart-on-chip systems as models for cardiac disease modeling and drug screening. Talanta 2024; 266:124901. [PMID: 37459786 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are caused by hereditary factors, environmental conditions, and medication-related issues. On the other hand, the cardiotoxicity of drugs should be thoroughly examined before entering the market. In this regard, heart-on-chip (HOC) systems have been developed as a more efficient and cost-effective solution than traditional methods, such as 2D cell culture and animal models. HOCs must replicate the biology, physiology, and pathology of human heart tissue to be considered a reliable platform for heart disease modeling and drug testing. Therefore, many efforts have been made to find the best methods to fabricate different parts of HOCs and to improve the bio-mimicry of the systems in the last decade. Beating HOCs with different platforms have been developed and techniques, such as fabricating pumpless HOCs, have been used to make HOCs more user-friendly systems. Recent HOC platforms have the ability to simultaneously induce and record electrophysiological stimuli. Additionally, systems including both heart and cancer tissue have been developed to investigate tissue-tissue interactions' effect on cardiac tissue response to cancer drugs. In this review, all steps needed to be considered to fabricate a HOC were introduced, including the choice of cellular resources, biomaterials, fabrication techniques, biomarkers, and corresponding biosensors. Moreover, the current HOCs used for modeling cardiac diseases and testing the drugs are discussed. We finally introduced some suggestions for fabricating relatively more user-friendly HOCs and facilitating the commercialization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Deir
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Mozhdehbakhsh Mofrad
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Paz-Artigas L, Montero-Calle P, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Ochoa I, Ciriza J. Current approaches for the recreation of cardiac ischaemic environment in vitro. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122589. [PMID: 36623742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischaemia is one of the leading dead causes worldwide. Although animal experiments have historically provided a wealth of information, animal models are time and money consuming, and they usually miss typical human patient's characteristics associated with ischemia prevalence, including aging and comorbidities. Generating reliable in vitro models that recapitulate the human cardiac microenvironment during an ischaemic event can boost the development of new drugs and therapeutic strategies, as well as our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular events, helping the optimization of therapeutic approaches prior to animal and clinical testing. Although several culture systems have emerged for the recreation of cardiac physiology, mimicking the features of an ischaemic heart tissue in vitro is challenging and certain aspects of the disease process remain poorly addressed. Here, current in vitro cardiac culture systems used for modelling cardiac ischaemia, from self-aggregated organoids to scaffold-based constructs and heart-on-chip platforms are described. The advantages of these models to recreate ischaemic hallmarks such as oxygen gradients, pathological alterations of mechanical strength or fibrotic responses are highlighted. The new models represent a step forward to be considered, but unfortunately, we are far away from recapitulating all complexity of the clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paz-Artigas
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Montero-Calle
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Zaragoza, Spain.
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4
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Joddar B, Natividad-Diaz SL, Padilla AE, Esparza AA, Ramirez SP, Chambers DR, Ibaroudene H. Engineering approaches for cardiac organoid formation and their characterization. Transl Res 2022; 250:46-67. [PMID: 35995380 PMCID: PMC10370285 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) structures composed of tissue or niche-specific cells, obtained from diverse sources, encapsulated in either a naturally derived or synthetic, extracellular matrix scaffold, and include exogenous biochemical signals such as essential growth factors. The overarching goal of developing cardiac organoid models is to establish a functional integration of cardiomyocytes with physiologically relevant cells, tissues, and structures like capillary-like networks composed of endothelial cells. These organoids used to model human heart anatomy, physiology, and disease pathologies in vitro have the potential to solve many issues related to cardiovascular drug discovery and fundamental research. The advent of patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular cells provide a unique, single-source approach to study the complex process of cardiovascular disease progression through organoid formation and incorporation into relevant, controlled microenvironments such as microfluidic devices. Strategies that aim to accomplish such a feat include microfluidic technology-based approaches, microphysiological systems, microwells, microarray-based platforms, 3D bioprinted models, and electrospun fiber mat-based scaffolds. This article discusses the engineering or technology-driven practices for making cardiac organoid models in comparison with self-assembled or scaffold-free methods to generate organoids. We further discuss emerging strategies for characterization of the bio-assembled cardiac organoids including electrophysiology and machine-learning and conclude with prospective points of interest for engineering cardiac tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL); Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
| | - Sylvia L Natividad-Diaz
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andie E Padilla
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL); Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Aibhlin A Esparza
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Salma P Ramirez
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL); Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
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5
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Dehelean CA, Coricovac D, Pinzaru I, Marcovici I, Macasoi IG, Semenescu A, Lazar G, Cinta Pinzaru S, Radulov I, Alexa E, Cretu O. Rutin bioconjugates as potential nutraceutical prodrugs: An in vitro and in ovo toxicological screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1000608. [PMID: 36210849 PMCID: PMC9538480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin (RUT) is considered one the most attractive flavonoids from a therapeutic perspective due to its multispectral pharmacological activities including antiradical, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic among others. Still, this compound presents a low bioavailability what narrows its clinical applications. To overcome this inconvenience, the current paper was focused on the synthesis, characterization, and toxicological assessment of two RUT bioconjugates obtained by enzymatic esterification with oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA)—rutin oleate (RUT-O) and rutin linoleate (RUT-L), as flavonoid precursors with improved physicochemical and biological properties. Following the enzymatic synthesis in the presence of Novozyme® 435, the two bioconjugates were obtained, their formation being confirmed by RAMAN and FT-IR spectroscopy. The in vitro and in ovo toxicological assessment of RUT bioconjugates (1–100 µM) was performed using 2D consecrated cell lines (cardiomyoblasts - H9c2(2-1), hepatocytes—HepaRG, and keratinocytes—HaCaT), 3D reconstructed human epidermis tissue (EpiDerm™), and chick chorioallantoic membranes, respectively. The results obtained were test compound, concentration—and cell-type dependent, as follows: RUT-O reduced the viability of H9c2(2-1), HepaRG, and HaCaT cells at 100 µM (to 77.53%, 83.17%, and 78.32%, respectively), and induced cell rounding and floating, as well as apoptotic-like features in the nuclei of all cell lines, whereas RUT-L exerted no signs of cytotoxicity in all cell lines in terms of cell viability, morphology, and nuclear integrity. Both RUT esters impaired the migration of HepaRG cells (at 25 µM) and lack irritative potential (at 100 µM) in vitro (tissue viability >50%) and in ovo (irritation scores of 0.70 for RUT-O, and 0.49 for RUT-L, respectively). Computational predictions revealed an increased lipophilicity, and reduced solubility, drug-likeness and drug score of RUT-O and RUT-L compared to their parent compounds—RUT, OA, and LA. In conclusion, we report a favorable toxicological profile for RUT-L, while RUT-O is dosage-limited since at high concentrations were noticed cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- *Correspondence: Iulia Pinzaru,
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Gabriela Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Semenescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Geza Lazar
- ”Ioan Ursu” Institute of the Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Cinta Pinzaru
- ”Ioan Ursu” Institute of the Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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6
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Bayareh M. Active cell capturing for organ-on-a-chip systems: a review. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2022; 67:443-459. [PMID: 36062551 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is an emerging technology that has been proposed as a new powerful cell-based tool to imitate the pathophysiological environment of human organs. For most OOC systems, a pivotal step is to culture cells in microfluidic devices. In active cell capturing techniques, external actuators, such as electrokinetic, magnetic, acoustic, and optical forces, or a combination of these forces, can be applied to trap cells after ejecting cell suspension into the microchannel inlet. This review paper distinguishes the characteristics of biomaterials and evaluates microfluidic technology. Besides, various types of OOC and their fabrication techniques are reported and various active cell capture microstructures are analyzed. Furthermore, their constraints, challenges, and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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7
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Organ-on-a-Chip: Design and Simulation of Various Microfluidic Channel Geometries for the Influence of Fluid Dynamic Parameters. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shear stress, pressure, and flow rate are fluid dynamic parameters that can lead to changes in the morphology, proliferation, function, and survival of many cell types and have a determinant impact on tissue function and viability. Microfluidic devices are promising tools to investigate these parameters and fluid behaviour within different microchannel geometries. This study discusses and analyses different designed microfluidic channel geometries regarding the influence of fluid dynamic parameters on their microenvironment at specified fluidic parameters. The results demonstrate that in the circular microchamber, the velocity and shear stress profiles assume a parabolic shape with a maximum velocity occurring in the centre of the chamber and a minimum velocity at the walls. The longitudinal microchannel shows a uniform velocity and shear stress profile throughout the microchannel. Simulation studies for the two geometries with three parallel microchannels showed that in proximity to the micropillars, the velocity and shear stress profiles decreased. Moreover, the pressure is inversely proportional to the width and directly proportional to the flow rate within the microfluidic channels. The simulations showed that the velocity and wall shear stress indicated different values at different flow rates. It was also found that the width and height of the microfluidic channels could affect both velocity and shear stress profiles, contributing to the control of shear stress. The study has demonstrated strategies to predict and control the effects of these forces and the potential as an alternative to conventional cell culture as well as to recapitulate the cell- and organ-specific microenvironment.
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8
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Carlos-Oliveira M, Lozano-Juan F, Occhetta P, Visone R, Rasponi M. Current strategies of mechanical stimulation for maturation of cardiac microtissues. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:717-727. [PMID: 34765047 PMCID: PMC8555032 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The most advanced in vitro cardiac models are today based on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, the maturation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) has not yet been fully achieved. Therefore, there is a rising need to move towards models capable of promoting an adult-like cardiomyocytes phenotype. Many strategies have been applied such as co-culture of cardiomyocytes, with fibroblasts and endothelial cells, or conditioning them through biochemical factors and physical stimulations. Here, we focus on mechanical stimulation as it aims to mimic the different mechanical forces that heart receives during its development and the post-natal period. We describe the current strategies and the mechanical properties necessary to promote a positive response in cardiac tissues from different cell sources, distinguishing between passive stimulation, which includes stiffness, topography and static stress and active stimulation, encompassing cyclic strain, compression or perfusion. We also highlight how mechanical stimulation is applied in disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carlos-Oliveira
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ferran Lozano-Juan
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy.,BiomimX S.r.l., Via G. Durando 38/A, 20158 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Occhetta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
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9
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Recent Advances in Cardiac Tissue Engineering for the Management of Myocardium Infarction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102538. [PMID: 34685518 PMCID: PMC8533887 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardium Infarction (MI) is one of the foremost cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) causing death worldwide, and its case numbers are expected to continuously increase in the coming years. Pharmacological interventions have not been at the forefront in ameliorating MI-related morbidity and mortality. Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches have been extensively explored for their regenerative potential in the infarcted myocardium. Recent studies on microfluidic devices employing stem cells under laboratory set-up have revealed meticulous events pertaining to the pathophysiology of MI occurring at the infarcted site. This discovery also underpins the appropriate conditions in the niche for differentiating stem cells into mature cardiomyocyte-like cells and leads to engineering of the scaffold via mimicking of native cardiac physiological conditions. However, the mode of stem cell-loaded engineered scaffolds delivered to the site of infarction is still a challenging mission, and yet to be translated to the clinical setting. In this review, we have elucidated the various strategies developed using a hydrogel-based system both as encapsulated stem cells and as biocompatible patches loaded with cells and applied at the site of infarction.
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10
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Cruz-Moreira D, Visone R, Vasques-Nóvoa F, S Barros A, Leite-Moreira A, Redaelli A, Moretti M, Rasponi M. Assessing the influence of perfusion on cardiac microtissue maturation: A heart-on-chip platform embedding peristaltic pump capabilities. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3128-3137. [PMID: 34019719 PMCID: PMC8362142 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Heart‐on‐chip is an unprecedented technology for recapitulating key biochemical and biophysical cues in cardiac pathophysiology. Several designs have been proposed to improve its ability to mimic the native tissue and establish it as a reliable research platform. However, despite mimicking one of most vascularized organs, reliable strategies to deliver oxygen and substrates to densely packed constructs of metabolically demanding cells remain unsettled. Herein, we describe a new heart‐on‐chip platform with precise fluid control, integrating an on‐chip peristaltic pump, allowing automated and fine control over flow on channels flanking a 3D cardiac culture. The application of distinct flow rates impacted on temporal dynamics of microtissue structural and transcriptional maturation, improving functional performance. Moreover, a widespread transcriptional response was observed, suggesting flow‐mediated activation of critical pathways of cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation and inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypoxic injury. In conclusion, the present design represents an important advance in bringing engineered cardiac microtissues closer to the native heart, overcoming traditional bulky off‐chip fluid handling systems, improving microtissue performance, and matching oxygen and energy substrate requirements of metabolically active constructs, avoiding cellular hypoxia. Distinct flow patterns differently impact on microtissue performance and gene expression program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António S Barros
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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11
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Sharma P, Wang X, Ming CLC, Vettori L, Figtree G, Boyle A, Gentile C. Considerations for the Bioengineering of Advanced Cardiac In Vitro Models of Myocardial Infarction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2003765. [PMID: 33464713 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the latest advances in cardiovascular biology and medicine, myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. While reperfusion of the myocardium is critical to limit the ischemic damage typical of a MI event, it causes detrimental morphological and functional changes known as "reperfusion injury." This complex scenario is poorly represented in currently available models of ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to a poor translation of findings from the bench to the bedside. However, more recent bioengineered in vitro models of the human heart represent more clinically relevant tools to prevent and treat MI in patients. These include 3D cultures of cardiac cells, the use of patient-derived stem cells, and 3D bioprinting technology. This review aims at highlighting the major features typical of a heart attack while comparing current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. This information has the potential to further guide in developing novel advanced in vitro cardiac models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. It may pave the way for the generation of advanced pathophysiological cardiac models with the potential to develop personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Clara Liu Chung Ming
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Laura Vettori
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gemma Figtree
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Andrew Boyle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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12
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Tadevosyan K, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Prósper F, Raya A. Engineering and Assessing Cardiac Tissue Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031479. [PMID: 33540699 PMCID: PMC7867236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is very much in a current focus of regenerative medicine research as it represents a promising strategy for cardiac disease modelling, cardiotoxicity testing and cardiovascular repair. Advances in this field over the last two decades have enabled the generation of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs with progressively increased functional capabilities. However, reproducing tissue-like properties is still a pending issue, as constructs generated to date remain immature relative to native adult heart. Moreover, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the methodologies used to assess the functionality and cardiac maturation state of engineered cardiac tissue constructs, which further complicates the comparison of constructs generated in different ways. Here, we present an overview of the general approaches developed to generate functional cardiac tissues, discussing the different cell sources, biomaterials, and types of engineering strategies utilized to date. Moreover, we discuss the main functional assays used to evaluate the cardiac maturation state of the constructs, both at the cellular and the tissue levels. We trust that researchers interested in developing engineered cardiac tissue constructs will find the information reviewed here useful. Furthermore, we believe that providing a unified framework for comparison will further the development of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs displaying the specific properties best suited for each particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Tadevosyan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
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13
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Chow EKH. The 2020 SLAS Technology Top Ten: Translating Life Sciences Innovation. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:37-41. [PMID: 33482077 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320982580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Yang S, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Liu T, Pu Y, Liang G. Environmental toxicology wars: Organ-on-a-chip for assessing the toxicity of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115861. [PMID: 33120150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a widespread problem, which has seriously threatened human health and led to an increase of human diseases. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate environmental pollutants quickly and efficiently. Because of obvious inter-species differences between animals and humans, and lack of physiologically-relevant microenvironment, animal models and in vitro two-dimensional (2D) models can not accurately describe toxicological effects and predicting actual in vivo responses. To make up the limitations of conventional environmental toxicology screening, organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are increasingly developing. OOC systems can provide a well-organized architecture with comparable to the complex microenvironment in vivo and generate realistic responses to environmental pollutants. The feasibility, adjustability and reliability of OCC systems make it possible to offer new opportunities for environmental pollutants screening, which can study their metabolism, collective response, and fate in vivo. Further progress can address the challenges to make OCC systems better investigate and evaluate environmental pollutants with high predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210096.
| | - Yanping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China, 210009.
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15
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House A, Atalla I, Lee EJ, Guvendiren M. Designing Biomaterial Platforms for Cardiac Tissue and Disease Modeling. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000022. [PMID: 33709087 PMCID: PMC7942203 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. There is a growing demand for in vitro cardiac models that can recapitulate the complex physiology of the cardiac tissue. These cardiac models can provide a platform to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cardiac development and disease and aid in developing novel treatment alternatives and platforms towards personalized medicine. In this review, a summary of engineered cardiac platforms is presented. Basic design considerations for replicating the heart's microenvironment are discussed considering the anatomy of the heart. This is followed by a detailed summary of the currently available biomaterial platforms for modeling the heart tissue in vitro. These in vitro models include 2D surface modified structures, 3D molded structures, porous scaffolds, electrospun scaffolds, bioprinted structures, and heart-on-a-chip devices. The challenges faced by current models and the future directions of in vitro cardiac models are also discussed. Engineered in vitro tissue models utilizing patients' own cells could potentially revolutionize the way we develop treatment and diagnostic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew House
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Iren Atalla
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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16
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Beverung S, Wu J, Steward R. Lab-on-a-Chip for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathology. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E898. [PMID: 32998305 PMCID: PMC7600691 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip technologies have allowed researchers to acquire a flexible, yet relatively inexpensive testbed to study one of the leading causes of death worldwide, cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases, such as peripheral artery disease, arteriosclerosis, and aortic stenosis, for example, have all been studied by lab-on-a-chip technologies. These technologies allow for the integration of mammalian cells into functional structures that mimic vital organs with geometries comparable to those found in vivo. For this review, we focus on microdevices that have been developed to study cardiovascular physiology and pathology. With these technologies, researchers can better understand the electrical-biomechanical properties unique to cardiomyocytes and better stimulate and understand the influence of blood flow on the human vasculature. Such studies have helped increase our understanding of many cardiovascular diseases in general; as such, we present here a review of the current state of the field and potential for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Steward
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (S.B.); (J.W.)
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17
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Kobuszewska A, Jastrzębska E, Żukowski K, Brzózka Z. Simulation of hypoxia of myocardial cells in microfluidic systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15524. [PMID: 32968198 PMCID: PMC7511941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper presents a newly designed microfluidic system that allows simulation of myocardial hypoxia by biochemical method. The geometry of the microsystem was designed in such a way, that quantitative fluorescent measurements using a spectrofluorometric plate reader was possible. Biochemical simulation of hypoxia was carried out using potent mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler—Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP). Two cardiac cell lines were used in the study—rat cardiomyoblasts (H9C2) and human cardiomyocytes. The effectiveness of biochemical simulation of hypoxia was studied using two fluorescent dyes: carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and Fluo-4. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and concentration of intracellular calcium ions were tested. The major novelty of this research was the applying the microfluidic system to create hypoxia conditions for cardiac cells using the biochemical approach. In further studies, the presented hypoxia model could be used to develop new methods of treatment of ischemic heart disease for example in cell therapy based on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kobuszewska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Żukowski
- CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Wang K, Man K, Liu J, Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhou Y, Yang Y. Microphysiological Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3231-3257. [PMID: 33204830 PMCID: PMC7668566 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems, including organoids, 3-D printed tissue constructs and organ-on-a-chips (organ chips), are physiologically relevant in vitro models and have experienced explosive growth in the past decades. Different from conventional, tissue culture plastic-based in vitro models or animal models, microphysiological systems recapitulate key microenvironmental characteristics of human organs and mimic their primary functions. The advent of microphysiological systems is attributed to evolving biomaterials, micro-/nanotechnologies and stem cell biology, which enable the precise control over the matrix properties and the interactions between cells, tissues and organs in physiological conditions. As such, microphysiological systems have been developed to model a broad spectrum of organs from microvasculature, eye, to lung and many others to understand human organ development and disease pathology and facilitate drug discovery. Multiorgans-on-a-chip systems have also been developed by integrating multiple associated organ chips in a single platform, which allows to study and employ the organ function in a systematic approach. Here we first discuss the design principles of microphysiological systems with a focus on the anatomy and physiology of organs, and then review the commonly used fabrication techniques and biomaterials for microphysiological systems. Subsequently, we discuss the recent development of microphysiological systems, and provide our perspectives on advancing microphysiological systems for preclinical investigation and drug discovery of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Kun Man
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Qi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
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19
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Enhanced structural maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes under a controlled microenvironment in a microfluidic system. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:273-286. [PMID: 31778832 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The lack of a fully developed human cardiac model in vitro hampers the progress of many biomedical research fields including pharmacology, developmental biology, and disease modeling. Currently, available methods may only differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into immature cardiomyocytes. To achieve cardiomyocyte maturation, appropriate modulation of cellular microenvironment is needed. This study aims to optimize a microfluidic system that enhances maturation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) through cyclic pulsatile hemodynamic forces. Human iPSC-CMs cultured in the microfluidic system show increased alignment and contractility and appear more rod-like shaped with increased cell size and increased sarcomere length when compared to static cultures. Increased complexity and density of the mitochondrial network in iPSC-CMs cultured in the microfluidic system are in line with expression of mitochondrial marker genes MT-CO1 and OPA1. Moreover, the optimized microfluidic system is capable of stably maintaining controlled oxygen levels and inducing hypoxia, revealed by increased expression of HIF1α and EGLN2 as well as changes in contraction parameters in iPSC-CMs. In summary, this microfluidic system boosts the structural maturation of iPSC-CM culture and could serve as an advanced in vitro cardiac model for biomedical research in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The availability of in vitro human cardiomyocytes generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opens the possibility to develop human in vitro heart models for disease modeling and drug testing. However, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes remain structurally and functionally immature, which hinders their application. In this manuscript, we present an optimized and complete microfluidic system that enhances maturation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes through physiological cyclic pulsatile hemodynamic forces. Furthermore, we improved our microfluidic system by using a closed microfluidic recirculation and oxygen exchangers to achieve and maintain low oxygen in the culture chambers, which is suitable for mimicking the hypoxic condition and studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases in vitro. In the future, a variety of technologies including 3D tissue engineering could be integrated into our system, which may greatly extend the use of iPSC-derived cardiac models in drug development and disease modeling.
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20
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Qasim M, Arunkumar P, Powell HM, Khan M. Current research trends and challenges in tissue engineering for mending broken hearts. Life Sci 2019; 229:233-250. [PMID: 31103607 PMCID: PMC6799998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The shortage of donor hearts to treat end-stage heart failure patients is a critical problem. An average of 3500 heart transplant surgeries are performed globally, half of these transplants are performed in the US alone. Stem cell therapy is growing rapidly as an alternative strategy to repair or replace the damaged heart tissue after a myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, the relatively poor survival of the stem cells in the ischemic heart is a major challenge to the therapeutic efficacy of stem-cell transplantation. Recent advancements in tissue engineering offer novel biomaterials and innovative technologies to improve upon the survival of stem cells as well as to repair the damaged heart tissue following a myocardial infarction (MI). However, there are several limitations in tissue engineering technologies to develop a fully functional, beating cardiac tissue. Therefore, the main goal of this review article is to address the current advancements and barriers in cardiac tissue engineering to augment the survival and retention of stem cells in the ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pala Arunkumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Heather M Powell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
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21
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Portillo-Lara R, Spencer AR, Walker BW, Shirzaei Sani E, Annabi N. Biomimetic cardiovascular platforms for in vitro disease modeling and therapeutic validation. Biomaterials 2019; 198:78-94. [PMID: 30201502 PMCID: PMC11044891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineered tissues have become increasingly more sophisticated owing to recent advancements in the fields of biomaterials, microfabrication, microfluidics, genetic engineering, and stem cell and developmental biology. In the coming years, the ability to engineer artificial constructs that accurately mimic the compositional, architectural, and functional properties of human tissues, will profoundly impact the therapeutic and diagnostic aspects of the healthcare industry. In this regard, bioengineered cardiac tissues are of particular importance due to the extremely limited ability of the myocardium to self-regenerate, as well as the remarkably high mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases worldwide. As novel microphysiological systems make the transition from bench to bedside, their implementation in high throughput drug screening, personalized diagnostics, disease modeling, and targeted therapy validation will bring forth a paradigm shift in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we will review the current state of the art in experimental in vitro platforms for next generation diagnostics and therapy validation. We will describe recent advancements in the development of smart biomaterials, biofabrication techniques, and stem cell engineering, aimed at recapitulating cardiovascular function at the tissue- and organ levels. In addition, integrative and multidisciplinary approaches to engineer biomimetic cardiovascular constructs with unprecedented human and clinical relevance will be discussed. We will comment on the implementation of these platforms in high throughput drug screening, in vitro disease modeling and therapy validation. Lastly, future perspectives will be provided on how these biomimetic platforms will aid in the transition towards patient centered diagnostics, and the development of personalized targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Portillo-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Andrew R Spencer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Brian W Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Qasim M, Haq F, Kang MH, Kim JH. 3D printing approaches for cardiac tissue engineering and role of immune modulation in tissue regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1311-1333. [PMID: 30863063 PMCID: PMC6388753 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional tissue engineering, cell therapy, and current medical approaches were shown to be successful in reducing mortality rate and complications caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). But still they have many limitations to fully manage CVDs due to complex composition of native myocardium and microvascularization. Fabrication of fully functional construct to replace infarcted area or regeneration of progenitor cells is important to address CVDs burden. Three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds and 3D bioprinting technique have potential to develop fully functional heart construct that can integrate with native tissues rapidly. In this review, we presented an overview of 3D printed approaches for cardiac tissue engineering, and advances in 3D bioprinting of cardiac construct and models. We also discussed role of immune modulation to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
| | - Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, Comsats University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
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23
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Sosa-Hernández JE, Villalba-Rodríguez AM, Romero-Castillo KD, Aguilar-Aguila-Isaías MA, García-Reyes IE, Hernández-Antonio A, Ahmed I, Sharma A, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Organs-on-a-Chip Module: A Review from the Development and Applications Perspective. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E536. [PMID: 30424469 PMCID: PMC6215144 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ever-increasing scientific knowledge and modern high-tech advancements in micro- and nano-scales fabrication technologies have impacted significantly on various scientific fields. A micro-level approach so-called "microfluidic technology" has rapidly evolved as a powerful tool for numerous applications with special reference to bioengineering and biomedical engineering research. Therefore, a transformative effect has been felt, for instance, in biological sample handling, analyte sensing cell-based assay, tissue engineering, molecular diagnostics, and drug screening, etc. Besides such huge multi-functional potentialities, microfluidic technology also offers the opportunity to mimic different organs to address the complexity of animal-based testing models effectively. The combination of fluid physics along with three-dimensional (3-D) cell compartmentalization has sustained popularity as organ-on-a-chip. In this context, simple humanoid model systems which are important for a wide range of research fields rely on the development of a microfluidic system. The basic idea is to provide an artificial testing subject that resembles the human body in every aspect. For instance, drug testing in the pharma industry is crucial to assure proper function. Development of microfluidic-based technology bridges the gap between in vitro and in vivo models offering new approaches to research in medicine, biology, and pharmacology, among others. This is also because microfluidic-based 3-D niche has enormous potential to accommodate cells/tissues to create a physiologically relevant environment, thus, bridge/fill in the gap between extensively studied animal models and human-based clinical trials. This review highlights principles, fabrication techniques, and recent progress of organs-on-chip research. Herein, we also point out some opportunities for microfluidic technology in the future research which is still infancy to accurately design, address and mimic the in vivo niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Angel M Villalba-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Kenya D Romero-Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Mauricio A Aguilar-Aguila-Isaías
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Isaac E García-Reyes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Arturo Hernández-Antonio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- School of Medical Science, Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Epigmenio Gonzalez 500, Queretaro CP 76130, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
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Parrish J, Lim KS, Baer K, Hooper GJ, Woodfield TBF. A 96-well microplate bioreactor platform supporting individual dual perfusion and high-throughput assessment of simple or biofabricated 3D tissue models. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2757-2775. [PMID: 30117514 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditional 2D monolayer cell cultures and submillimeter 3D tissue construct cultures used widely in tissue engineering are limited in their ability to extrapolate experimental data to predict in vivo responses due to their simplistic organization and lack of stimuli. The rise of biofabrication and bioreactor technologies has sought to address this through the development of techniques to spatially organize components of a tissue construct, and devices to supply these tissue constructs with an increasingly in vivo-like environment. Current bioreactors supporting both parenchymal and barrier tissue constructs in interconnected systems for body-on-a-chip platforms have chosen to emphasize study throughput or system/tissue complexity. Here, we report a platform to address this disparity in throughput and both system complexity (by supporting multiple in situ assessment methods) and tissue complexity (by adopting a construct-agnostic format). We introduce an ANSI/SLAS-compliant microplate and docking station fabricated via stereolithography (SLA), or precision machining, to provide up to 96 samples (Ø6 × 10 mm) with two individually-addressable fluid circuits (192 total), loading access, and inspection window for imaging during perfusion. Biofabricated ovarian cancer models were developed to demonstrate the in situ assessment capabilities via microscopy and a perfused resazurin-based metabolic activity assay. In situ microscopy highlighted flexibility of the sample housing to accommodate a range of sample geometries. Utility for drug screening was demonstrated by exposing the ovarian cancer models to an anticancer drug (doxorubicin) and generating the dose-response curve in situ, while achieving an assay quality similar to static wellplate culture. The potential for quantitative analysis of temporal tissue development and screening studies was confirmed by imaging soft- (gelatin) and hard-tissue (calcium chloride) analogs inside the bioreactor via spectral computed tomography (CT) scanning. As a proof-of-concept for particle tracing studies, flowing microparticles were visualized to inform the design of hydrogel constructs. Finally, the ability for mechanistic yet high-throughput screening was demonstrated in a vascular coculture model adopting endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells (HUVEC-MSC), encapsulated in gelatin-norbornene (gel-NOR) hydrogel cast into SLA-printed well inserts. This study illustrates the potential of a scalable dual perfusion bioreactor platform for parenchymal and barrier tissue constructs to support a broad range of multi-organ-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Parrish
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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25
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Yan Z, Guo R, Gan L, Lau WB, Cao X, Zhao J, Ma X, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Wang Y. Withaferin A inhibits apoptosis via activated Akt-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 211:91-101. [PMID: 30213729 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), a withanolide derived from medicinal plant Withania somnifera, possesses anti-tumorigenic and immunomodulatory activities against various cancer cells. However, the role of WFA in myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains unclear. In the present study, we determined whether WFA may regulate cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that WFA enhanced H9c2 cells survival ability against simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the enhanced oxidative stress induced by SI/R was inhibited by WFA. Among the multiple antioxidant molecules determined, antioxidants SOD2, SOD3, Prdx-1 was obviously upregulated by WFA. When Akt inhibitor IV was administrated, WFA's suppression effect on oxidative stress was obviously abolished. Additional experiments demonstrated that WFA successfully inhibited H2O2 induced upregulation of SOD2, SOD3, and Prdx-1, ameliorated cardiomyocyte caspase-3 activity via an Akt dependent manner. Collectively, these results support the therapeutic potential of WFA against cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury and highlight the application of WFA in cardiovascular diseases holding great promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Yan
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Bernard L Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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26
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Kai-Hua Chow E. The 2018 SLAS Technology Ten: Translating Life Sciences Innovation. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:1-4. [DOI: 10.1177/2472630317744283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Jafarkhani M, Salehi Z, Kowsari-Esfahan R, Shokrgozar MA, Rezaa Mohammadi M, Rajadas J, Mozafari M. Strategies for directing cells into building functional hearts and parts. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1664-1690. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the current state-of-the-art, emerging directions and future trends to direct cells for building functional heart parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Jafarkhani
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Iran
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
| | - Zeinab Salehi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Iran
| | | | | | - M. Rezaa Mohammadi
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory
- Stanford University School of Medicine
- Palo Alto
- USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory
- Stanford University School of Medicine
- Palo Alto
- USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department
- Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
- Tehran
- Iran
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