1
|
Li X, Dong X, Wang J, Tu X, Huang H, Cao Y, Wang C, Huang Y. Fast and Precise Temperature Control for Axon Stretch Growth Bioreactor Based on Fuzzy PID Control. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7446-7464. [PMID: 37004648 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
A suitable environment is essential for successful long-term cell culturing in vitro. Too high or too low temperature will affect the growth of cells, so we need to maintain the constant temperature of the cell culture environment. Usually, cells are cultured in a cell incubator, and the constant temperature is provided by the cell incubator. Recently, we have developed a multi-channel axon stretch growth bioreactor for rapid acquisition of autologous nerve tissue. Since the motor and controller are placed in the incubator for a long time, the service life of the equipment will be shortened or even damaged due to high humidity and weak acid environment. In order to enable the axon stretch growth bioreactor to culture cells independently, we designed a constant temperature control system for the device. Firstly, the simulation results show that the fuzzy PID control reduces the overshoot and improves the traditional PID control with large overshoot and low control precision. Then, the two control algorithms were applied to the multi-channel axon stretch growth bioreactor by STM32F4 microcontroller. The experimental data show that the fuzzy PID control algorithm has good control effect and can meet the requirement of constant temperature of cell growth. Finally, nerve cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells were successfully cultured in a cell culture amplification chamber under a constant temperature environment provided by a fuzzy PID controller, and well-developed axons could be seen. In the future, we may transplant stretch growth axons into living organisms to repair nerve damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Xianxin Dong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Xikai Tu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Yuanpeng Cao
- Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Chenlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yizhe Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor Co., Ltd, Liuzhou, 545005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Belay B, Figueiras E, Hyttinen J, Ahola A. Multifocal optical projection microscopy enables label-free 3D measurement of cardiomyocyte cluster contractility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19788. [PMID: 37957157 PMCID: PMC10643565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte (CM) models have become an attractive tool for in vitro cardiac disease modeling and drug studies. These models are moving towards more complex three-dimensional microphysiological organ-on-chip systems. Label-free imaging-based techniques capable of quantifying contractility in 3D are needed, as traditional two-dimensional methods are ill-suited for 3D applications. Here, we developed multifocal (MF) optical projection microscopy (OPM) by integrating an electrically tunable lens to our in-house built optical projection tomography setup for extended depth of field brightfield imaging in CM clusters. We quantified cluster biomechanics by implementing our previously developed optical flow-based CM video analysis for MF-OPM. To demonstrate, we acquired and analyzed multiangle and multifocal projection videos of beating hiPSC-CM clusters in 3D hydrogel. We further quantified cluster contractility response to temperature and adrenaline and observed changes to beating rate and relaxation. Challenges emerge from light penetration and overlaying textures in larger clusters. However, our findings indicate that MF-OPM is suitable for contractility studies of 3D clusters. Thus, for the first time, MF-OPM is used in CM studies and hiPSC-CM 3D cluster contraction is quantified in multiple orientations and imaging planes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Belay
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Edite Figueiras
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ahola
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Habibey R. Incubator-independent perfusion system integrated with microfluidic device for continuous electrophysiology and microscopy readouts. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36652708 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Advances in primary and stem cell derived neuronal cell culture techniques and abundance of available neuronal cell types have enabledin vitroneuroscience as a substantial approach to modelin vivoneuronal networks. Survival of the cultured neurons is inevitably dependent on the cell culture incubators to provide stable temperature and humidity and to supply required CO2levels for controlling the pH of culture medium. Therefore, imaging and electrophysiology recordings outside of the incubator are often limited to the short-term experimental sessions. This restricts our understanding of physiological events to the short snapshots of recorded data while the major part of temporal data is neglected. Multiple custom-made and commercially available platforms like integrated on-stage incubators have been designed to enable long-term microscopy. Nevertheless, long-term high-spatiotemporal electrophysiology recordings from developing neuronal networks needs to be addressed. In the present work an incubator-independent polydimethylsiloxane-based double-wall perfusion chamber was designed and integrated with multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) electrophysiology and compartmentalized microfluidic device to continuously record from engineered neuronal networks at sub-cellular resolution. Cell culture media underwent iterations of conditioning to the ambient CO2and adjusting its pH to physiological ranges to retain a stable pH for weeks outside of the incubator. Double-wall perfusion chamber and an integrated air bubble trapper reduced media evaporation and osmolality drifts of the conditioned media for two weeks. Aligned microchannel-microfluidic device on MEA electrodes allowed neurite growth on top of the planar electrodes and amplified their extracellular activity. This enabled continuous sub-cellular resolution imaging and electrophysiology recordings from developing networks and their growing neurites. The on-chip versatile and self-contained system provides long-term, continuous and high spatiotemporal access to the network data and offers a robustin vitroplatform with many potentials to be applied on advanced cell culture systems including organ-on-chip and organoid models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.,CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dos-Reis-Delgado AA, Carmona-Dominguez A, Sosa-Avalos G, Jimenez-Saaib IH, Villegas-Cantu KE, Gallo-Villanueva RC, Perez-Gonzalez VH. Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:268-297. [PMID: 36205631 PMCID: PMC10092670 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a critical-yet sometimes overlooked-parameter in microfluidics. Microfluidic devices can experience heating inside their channels during operation due to underlying physicochemical phenomena occurring therein. Such heating, whether required or not, must be monitored to ensure adequate device operation. Therefore, different techniques have been developed to measure and control temperature in microfluidic devices. In this contribution, the operating principles and applications of these techniques are reviewed. Temperature-monitoring instruments revised herein include thermocouples, thermistors, and custom-built temperature sensors. Of these, thermocouples exhibit the widest operating range; thermistors feature the highest accuracy; and custom-built temperature sensors demonstrate the best transduction. On the other hand, temperature control methods can be classified as external- or integrated-methods. Within the external methods, microheaters are shown to be the most adequate when working with biological samples, whereas Peltier elements are most useful in applications that require the development of temperature gradients. In contrast, integrated methods are based on chemical and physical properties, structural arrangements, which are characterized by their low fabrication cost and a wide range of applications. The potential integration of these platforms with the Internet of Things technology is discussed as a potential new trend in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerardo Sosa-Avalos
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | - Ivan H Jimenez-Saaib
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | - Karen E Villegas-Cantu
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor H Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoyle H, Stenger C, Przyborski S. Design considerations of benchtop fluid flow bioreactors for bio-engineered tissue equivalents in vitro. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 8:100063. [PMID: 36824373 PMCID: PMC9934498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major aims of bio-engineering tissue equivalents in vitro is to create physiologically relevant culture conditions to accurately recreate the cellular microenvironment. This often includes incorporation of factors such as the extracellular matrix, co-culture of multiple cell types and three-dimensional culture techniques. These advanced techniques can recapitulate some of the properties of tissue in vivo, however fluid flow is a key aspect that is often absent. Fluid flow can be introduced into cell and tissue culture using bioreactors, which are becoming increasingly common as we seek to produce increasingly accurate tissue models. Bespoke technology is continuously being developed to tailor systems for specific applications and to allow compatibility with a range of culture techniques. For effective perfusion of a tissue culture many parameters can be controlled, ranging from impacts of the fluid flow such as increased shear stress and mass transport, to potentially unwanted side effects such as temperature fluctuations. A thorough understanding of these properties and their implications on the culture model can aid with a more accurate interpretation of results. Improved and more complete characterisation of bioreactor properties will also lead to greater accuracy when reporting culture conditions in protocols, aiding experimental reproducibility, and allowing more precise comparison of results between different systems. In this review we provide an analysis of the different factors involved in the development of benchtop flow bioreactors and their potential biological impacts across a range of applications.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ABS, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- ALI, air-liquid interface
- Bioreactors
- CFD, computational fluid dynamics
- Cell culture
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FDM, fused deposition modelling
- Fluid flow
- PC, polycarbonate
- PET, polyethylene terephthalate
- PLA, polylactic acid
- PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene
- SLA, stereolithography
- Tissue engineering
- UL, unstirred layer
- UV, ultraviolet light
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H.W. Hoyle
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C.M.L. Stenger
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S.A. Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK,NETPark Incubator, Reprocell Europe Ltd., Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield TS21 3FD, UK,Corresponding author at: Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Microfluidics Temperature Compensating and Monitoring Based on Liquid Metal Heat Transfer. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050792. [PMID: 35630259 PMCID: PMC9146403 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices offer excellent heat transfer, enabling the biochemical reactions to be more efficient. However, the precision of temperature sensing and control of microfluids is limited by the size effect. Here in this work, the relationship between the microfluids and the glass substrate of a typical microfluidic device is investigated. With an intelligent structure design and liquid metal, we demonstrated that a millimeter-scale industrial temperature sensor could be utilized for temperature sensing of micro-scale fluids. We proposed a heat transfer model based on this design, where the local correlations between the macro-scale temperature sensor and the micro-scale fluids were investigated. As a demonstration, a set of temperature-sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests were taken to show the precision of temperature control for micro-scale reagents. Comparations of theoretical and experimental data further verify the effectiveness of our heat transfer model. With the presented compensation approach, the slight fluorescent intensity changes caused by isothermal amplification polymerase chain reaction (PCR) temperature could be distinguished. For instance, the probability distribution plots of fluorescent intensity are significant from each other, even if the amplification temperature has a difference of 1 °C. Thus, this method may serve as a universal approach for micro–macro interface sensing and is helpful beyond microfluidic applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
An ex vivo organ culture screening model revealed that low temperature conditions prevent side effects of anticancer drugs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3093. [PMID: 35197531 PMCID: PMC8866511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of chemotherapy has led to a high survival rate of cancer patients; however, the severe side effects of anticancer drugs, including organ hypoplasia, persist. To assume the side effect of anticancer drugs, we established a new ex vivo screening model and described a method for suppressing side effects. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a commonly used anticancer drug and causes severe side effects in developing organs with intensive proliferation, including the teeth and hair. Using the organ culture model, we found that treatment with CPA disturbed the growth of tooth germs by inducing DNA damage, apoptosis and suppressing cellular proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, low temperature suppressed CPA-mediated inhibition of organ development. Our ex vivo and in vitro analysis revealed that low temperature impeded Rb phosphorylation and caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase during CPA treatment. This can prevent the CPA-mediated cell damage of DNA replication caused by the cross-linking reaction of CPA. Our findings suggest that the side effects of anticancer drugs on organ development can be avoided by maintaining the internal environment under low temperature.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chamani F, Barnett I, Pyle M, Shrestha T, Prakash P. A Review of In Vitro Instrumentation Platforms for Evaluating Thermal Therapies in Experimental Cell Culture Models. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 50:39-67. [PMID: 36374822 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2022043455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermal therapies, the modulation of tissue temperature for therapeutic benefit, are in clinical use as adjuvant or stand-alone therapeutic modalities for a range of indications, and are under investigation for others. During delivery of thermal therapy in the clinic and in experimental settings, monitoring and control of spatio-temporal thermal profiles contributes to an increased likelihood of inducing desired bioeffects. In vitro thermal dosimetry studies have provided a strong basis for characterizing biological responses of cells to heat. To perform an accurate in vitro thermal analysis, a sample needs to be subjected to uniform heating, ideally raised from, and returned to, baseline immediately, for a known heating duration under ideal isothermal condition. This review presents an applications-based overview of in vitro heating instrumentation platforms. A variety of different approaches are surveyed, including external heating sources (i.e., CO2 incubators, circulating water baths, microheaters and microfluidic devices), microwave dielectric heating, lasers or the use of sound waves. We discuss critical heating parameters including temperature ramp rate (heat-up phase period), heating accuracy, complexity, peak temperature, and technical limitations of each heating modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Chamani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - India Barnett
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Marla Pyle
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Tej Shrestha
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Punit Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang T, Peng J, Fang C, Li S, Gao D. Numerical Modeling of Temperature-Dependent Cell Membrane Permeability to Water Based on a Microfluidic System with Dynamic Temperature Control. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:477-487. [PMID: 34041975 DOI: 10.1177/24726303211015199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to describe temperature-dependent cell osmotic behaviors in a more reliable method, a novel mathematical mass transfer model coupled with dynamic temperature change has been established based on the combination of a time domain to temperature domain transformation equation and a constant temperature mass transfer model. This novel model is numerically simulated under multiple temperature changing rates and extracellular osmolarities. A microfluidic system that can achieve single-cell osmotic behavior observation and provide dynamic and swift on-chip temperature control was built and tested in this paper. Utilizing the temperature control system, the on-chip heating processes are recorded and then described as polynomial time-temperature relationships. These dynamic temperature changing profiles were performed by obtaining cell membrane properties by parameter fitting only one set of testing experimental data to the mathematical model with a constant temperature changing rate. The numerical modeling results show that predicting the osmotic cell volume change using selected dynamic temperature profiles is more suitable for studies concerning cell membrane permeability determination and cryopreservation process than tests using constant temperature changing rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Yang
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Peng
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Songjing Li
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Gao
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Andersson M, Johansson S, Bergman H, Xiao L, Behrendt L, Tenje M. A microscopy-compatible temperature regulation system for single-cell phenotype analysis - demonstrated by thermoresponse mapping of microalgae. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1694-1705. [PMID: 33949404 PMCID: PMC8095708 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a programmable heat-stage compatible with in situ microscopy for the accurate provision of spatiotemporally defined temperatures to different microfluidic devices. The heat-stage comprises an array of integrated thin-film Joule heaters and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). External programming of the heat-stage is provided by a custom software program connected to temperature controllers and heater-sensor pairs. Biologically relevant (20-40 °C) temperature profiles can be supplied to cells within microfluidic devices as spatial gradients (0.5-1.5 °C mm-1) or in a time-varying approach via e.g. step-wise or sinusoidally varying profiles with negligible temperature over-shoot. Demonstration of the device is achieved by exposing two strains of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium to different temperature profiles while monitoring their single-cell photophysiology via chlorophyll fluorometry. This revealed that photophysiological responses to temperature depended on the exposure duration, exposure magnitude and strain background. Moreover, thermal dose analysis suggested that cell acclimatisation occurs under longer temperature (6 h) exposures but not under shorter temperature exposures (15 min). As the thermal sensitivity of Symbiodinium mediates the thermal tolerance in corals, our versatile technology now provides unique possibilities to research this interdependency at single cell resolution. Our results also show the potential of this heat-stage for further applications in fields such as biotechnology and ecotoxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersson
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Bergman
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Linhong Xiao
- Dept. Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Dept. Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Tenje
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nie M, Takeuchi S. 3D Biofabrication Using Living Cells for Applications in Biohybrid Sensors and Actuators. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8121-8126. [PMID: 35019594 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we highlight the concept of biohybrid sensors and actuators built by incorporating living cells into artificial systems. Instead of using the materials extracted from cells, these approaches utilize cells to dynamically generate functional materials and to provide the native intracellular environment for the proper functioning of the materials. By incorporating the functional cells into artificial devices/chips, the cell-based biohybrid approaches can be applied to create portable odorant sensors with high sensitivity and to create biohybrid muscle actuators for applications in both drug screening and soft robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Nie
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Välimäki H, Hyvärinen T, Leivo J, Iftikhar H, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Rajan DK, Verho J, Kreutzer J, Ryynänen T, Pirhonen J, Aalto-Setälä K, Kallio P, Narkilahti S, Lekkala J. Covalent immobilization of luminescent oxygen indicators reduces cytotoxicity. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:41. [PMID: 32494857 PMCID: PMC7270993 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Luminescence-based oxygen sensing is a widely used tool in cell culture applications. In a typical configuration, the luminescent oxygen indicators are embedded in a solid, oxygen-permeable matrix in contact with the culture medium. However, in sensitive cell cultures even minimal leaching of the potentially cytotoxic indicators can become an issue. One way to prevent the leaching is to immobilize the indicators covalently into the supporting matrix. In this paper, we report on a method where platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorphenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP) oxygen indicators are covalently immobilized into a polymer matrix consisting of polystyrene and poly(pentafluorostyrene). We study how the covalent immobilization influences the sensing material’s cytotoxicity to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC-derived) neurons and cardiomyocytes (CMs) through 7–13 days culturing experiments and various viability analyses. Furthermore, we study the effect of the covalent immobilization on the indicator leaching and the oxygen sensing properties of the material. In addition, we demonstrate the use of the covalently linked oxygen sensing material in real time oxygen tension monitoring in functional hypoxia studies of the hiPSC-derived CMs. The results show that the covalently immobilized indicators substantially reduce indicator leaching and the cytotoxicity of the oxygen sensing material, while the influence on the oxygen sensing properties remains small or nonexistent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Välimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tanja Hyvärinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joni Leivo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Haider Iftikhar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Pekkanen-Mattila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jarmo Verho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joose Kreutzer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Ryynänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jonatan Pirhonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi Kallio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Lekkala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|