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Almalki F. Review and research gap identification in genetics causes of syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss in Saudi Arabia. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:364-381. [PMID: 38517009 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disabilities worldwide. The genetic causes of hearing loss account for 50% of hearing loss. Genetic causes of hearing loss can be classified as nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) or syndromic hearing loss (SHL). NSHL is defined as a partial or complete hearing loss without additional phenotypes; however, SHL, known as hearing loss, is associated with other phenotypes. Both types follow a simple Mendelian inheritance fashion. Several studies have been conducted to uncover the genetic factors contributing to NSHL and SHL in Saudi patients. However, these studies have encountered certain limitations. This review assesses and discusses the genetic factors underpinning NSHL and SHL globally, with a specific emphasis on the Saudi Arabian context. It also explores the prevalence of the most observed genetic causes of NSHL and SHL in Saudi Arabia. It also sheds light on areas where further research is needed to fully understand the genetic foundations of hearing loss in the Saudi population. This review identifies several gaps in research in NSHL and SHL and provides insights into potential research to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Almalki
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munwarah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Heyang M, Warren JL, Ocieczek P, Duncan JL, Moosajee M, Del Priore LV, Shen LL. Long-term natural history of ellipsoid zone width in USH2A-retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2024:bjo-2024-325323. [PMID: 39103200 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2024-325323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the long-term natural history of ellipsoid zone (EZ) width in USH2A-retinopathy. METHODS EZ width measurements from optical coherence tomography were retrospectively obtained from 110 eyes of 55 participants with molecularly confirmed biallelic USH2A-retinopathy. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method to construct and compare different mathematical models describing the long-term decline of EZ width. RESULTS Compared with linear and quadratic models, exponential decline best represented the long-term loss of EZ width based on the deviance information criterion score. Log-transformed EZ width declined linearly over 30 years of inferred disease duration (median: 0.063 (IQR: 0.040-0.086) log (µm)/year). Compared with the raw EZ width decline rate, the log-transformed EZ width decline rate required 48% fewer patients to achieve an identically powered 1-year trial (38 vs 73 participants). Log EZ width decline rate was uncoupled from baseline EZ width (Spearman ρ=-0.18, p=0.06) and age (ρ=-0.10, p=0.31). Eyes with Usher syndrome exhibited earlier median onset ages of macular EZ width loss (18.8 (IQR: 13.1-24.7) vs 28.1 (IQR: 18.5-35.8) years, p<0.001) but comparable log EZ width decline rates (0.060 (IQR: 0.035-0.100) vs 0.065 (IQR: 0.050-0.079) log (µm)/year; p=0.42). CONCLUSIONS EZ width follows an exponential decline in USH2A-retinopathy. Compared with raw EZ width decline rate, log-transformed EZ width decline rate may be a superior endpoint for clinical trials. Syndromic eyes exhibit an earlier onset of macular EZ width loss but progress at comparable rates to non-syndromic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heyang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucian V Del Priore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liangbo Linus Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Serra R, Rallo V, Steri M, Olla S, Piras MG, Marongiu M, Gorospe M, Schlessinger D, Pinna A, Fiorillo E, Cucca F, Angius A. A large-scale screening identified in USH2A gene the P3272L founder pathogenic variant explaining familial Usher syndrome in Sardinia, Italy. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:306. [PMID: 39044131 PMCID: PMC11265335 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usher syndrome (USH) encompasses a group of disorders characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We described the clinical findings, natural history, and molecular analyses of USH patients identified during a large-scale screening to identify quantitative traits related to ocular disorders in the SardiNIA project cohort. METHODS We identified 3 USH-affected families out of a cohort of 6,148 healthy subjects. 9 subjects presented a pathological phenotype, with SNHL and RP. All patients and their family members underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and electrophysiological testing. Audiological evaluation was performed with a clinical audiometer. Genotyping was performed using several arrays integrated with whole genome sequence data providing approximately 22 million markers equally distributed for each subject analyzed. Molecular diagnostics focused on analysis of the following candidate genes: MYO7A, USH1C, CDH23, PCDH15, USH1G, CIB2, USH2A, GPR98, DFNB31, CLRN1, and PDZD7. RESULTS A single missense causal variant in USH2A gene was identified in homozygous status in all patients and in heterozygous status in unaffected parents. The presence of multiple homozygous patients with the same phenotypic severity of the syndromic form suggests that the Sardinian USH phenotype is the result of a founder effect on a specific pathogenic variant related haplotype. The frequency of heterozygotes in general Sardinian population is 1.89. Additionally, to provide new insights into the structure of usherin and the pathological mechanisms caused by small pathogenic in-frame variants, like p.Pro3272Leu, molecular dynamics simulations of native and mutant protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes were performed that predicted a destabilization of the protein with a decrease in the free energy change. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that our approach is effective for the genetic diagnosis of USH. Based on the heterozygous frequency, targeted screening of this variant in the general population and in families at risk or with familial USH can be suggested. This can lead to more accurate molecular diagnosis, better genetic counseling, and improved molecular epidemiology data that are critical for future intervention plans. TRIAL REGISTRATION We did not perform any health-related interventions for the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Serra
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rallo
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maristella Steri
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Stefania Olla
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Piras
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Michele Marongiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Pinna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy Ophthalmology Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Angius
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria Di Cagliari, C/O S.S 554 Bivio Per Sestu Km 4, 500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Lopez-de la Rosa A, Telleria JJ, Posada de la Paz M, Hermosilla-Gimeno IM, Rivas MA, Gilabert R, Coco-Martín RM. Clinical and genetic characterization of patients with eye diseases included in the Spanish Rare Diseases Patient Registry. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:234. [PMID: 38872169 PMCID: PMC11170770 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low prevalence of rare diseases poses a significant challenge in advancing their understanding. This study aims to delineate the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with rare eye diseases (RED) enrolled in the Spanish Rare Diseases Patient Registry. METHODS A total of 864 patients from the registry database were included. Diseases were categorized into inherited retinal dystrophies (n=688); anterior segment diseases (n=48); congenital malformations (n=27); and syndromic diseases with ocular involvement including muscular (n=46), neurological (n=34), or metabolic (n=13); inflammatory diseases (n=4); and tumors (n=4). Data on visual acuity (VA) and/or visual field (VF), symptoms and signs, concurrent diseases in syndromic cases, age of onset and at diagnosis, affected genes, disability rating, inability to work and dependency grade recognition were collected. RESULTS A mean diagnostic delay of 7 years from symptom onset was observed. Commonly reported symptoms included photophobia, night blindness, and progressive vision loss (≥57% of patients). Cataract was the most prevalent secondary disease (46%), with pseudophakia being the most common ocular surgery (26%). Hearing loss and cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent concurrent systemic diseases (≥13%). Certificates of disability, incapacity for work, and dependency were held by 87%, 42%, and 19% of patients, respectively. Among the 719 patients with available VA data, 193 (27%) were blind, and 188 (26%) had moderate to severe visual impairment. Over half of the patients (54%) exhibited VF defects, and 216 (25%) had concentric contraction ≤5° or abolished VF. Most had genetic diseases with autosomal recessive (55%), autosomal dominant (30%), X-linked (9%), and mitochondrial (6%) patterns. One patient had mutations in both recessive USH2A and dominant RHO genes simultaneously. Of the 656 patients (75.7%) who underwent genetic testing, only 461 (70.3%) received a positive result (pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations explaining the phenotype). We found 62 new gene variants related to RED not previously reported in databases of genetic variants related to specific phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS This study delineates the clinical and genotypic profiles of RED in Spain. Genetic diseases, particularly retinal disorders, predominate, but a significant proportion of affected patients remain genetically undiagnosed, hindering potential gene therapy endeavors. Despite notable improvements in reducing diagnosis delays, it is still remarkable. RED frequently lead to disability and blindness among young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lopez-de la Rosa
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, E-47011, Valladolid, Spain
- Observatorio Nacional de Enfermedades Raras Oculares (ONERO), 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan J Telleria
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid, 47001, Valladolid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47001, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuel Posada de la Paz
- Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel M Hermosilla-Gimeno
- Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Agurtzane Rivas
- Observatorio Nacional de Enfermedades Raras Oculares (ONERO), 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Gilabert
- Observatorio Nacional de Enfermedades Raras Oculares (ONERO), 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Coco-Martín
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, E-47011, Valladolid, Spain.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47001, Valladolid, Spain.
- RICORS de Enfermedades Inflamatorias, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
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Subirà O, Català-Mora J, Del Prado C, Díaz-Cascajosa J, Barraso Rodrigo M, Cobos E, Aguilera C, Esteve-Garcia A, García-Arumí J, Caminal JM. Optical coherence tomography biomarkers in MYO7A-inherited retinal dystrophy: longitudinal study in pediatric patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06545-3. [PMID: 38871877 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to answer a key question: is MYO7A-inherited retinal dystrophy (MYO7A-IRD) a photoreceptor-first or retinal pigment epithelium-first disease? A second aim was to determine the most useful biomarkers to monitor disease progression in pediatric patients with Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1) secondary to MYO7A mutation. METHODS Fifty-two eyes from 26 patients with genetically-confirmed MYO7A-IRD underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Structural abnormalities were evaluated and correlated with follow-up time and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). All patients were evaluated at baseline and after ≥ 40 months of follow-up. RESULTS The mean (SD) patient age was 9.92 (± 4.1) years. Mean follow-up time was 43 (± 3.2) months. At the final evaluation, the most common qualitative abnormalities in the subfoveal area were alterations in the photoreceptor outer segments (76.9% of eyes) and in the interdigitation zone (IZ) (80.8%). The presence of cystoid macular edema at baseline was independently associated with worse BCVA at the final assessment (increase in LogMAR estimate = 0.142; t(45.00) = 2.78, p = 0.009). The mean width of the ellipsoid and interdigitation zones decreased significantly (by 668 μm and 278 μm, respectively; both p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows that disruption of the photoreceptor outer segments and the IZ are the first alterations detected by SS-OCT in the early phases of MYO7A-IRD. These data highlight the potential value of measuring the width of the ellipsoid and IZ to evaluate disease progression. These findings also demonstrate the utility of monitoring for the emergence of cystic lesions as biomarkers of worse visual prognosis in patients with MYO7A-IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Subirà
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitari de Vall d'Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaume Català-Mora
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Distròfies Hereditàries de Retina, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Del Prado
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Distròfies Hereditàries de Retina, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz-Cascajosa
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Distròfies Hereditàries de Retina, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Barraso Rodrigo
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Distròfies Hereditàries de Retina, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Cobos
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Distròfies Hereditàries de Retina, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinthia Aguilera
- Laboratori Clínic Territorial Metropolitana Sud, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Clinical Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Garcia
- Laboratori Clínic Territorial Metropolitana Sud, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Clinical Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitari de Vall d'Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (IMO), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Caminal
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Distròfies Hereditàries de Retina, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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Ouarhache M, Kettani O, Fizazi KE, Bouguenouch L, Ouldim K. A novel homozygous missense variant identified in the myosin VIIA motor domain of a Moroccan patient with usher syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:683. [PMID: 38796585 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usher syndrome 1 (USH1) is the most severe subtype of Usher syndrome characterized by severe sensorineural hearing impairment, retinitis pigmentosa, and vestibular areflexia. USH1 is usually induced by variants in MYO7A, a gene that encodes the myosin-VIIa protein. Myosin-VIIA is effectively involved in intracellular molecular traffic essential for the proper function of the cochlea, the retinal photoreceptors, and the retinal pigmented epithelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we report a new homozygous missense variant (NM_000260.4: c.1657 C > T p.(His553Tyr)) in MYO7A of a 28-year-old female with symptoms consistent with USH1. This variant, c.1657 C > T p.(His553Tyr) is positioned in the highly conserved myosin-VIIA motor domain. Previous studies showed that variants in this domain might disrupt the ability of the protein to bind to actin and thus cause the disorder. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute to our understanding of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of USH1 associated with autosomal recessive MYO7A variants and emphasize the important role of molecular testing in accurately diagnosing this syndrome. More advanced research is required to understand the functional effect of the identified variant and the genotype-phonotype correlations of MYO7A-related Usher syndrome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryem Ouarhache
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Unit, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Oussama Kettani
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Department, University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Khawla El Fizazi
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Unit, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Unit, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Unit, University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
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Cornwall HL, Lam CM, Chaudhry D, Muzaffar J, Monksfield P, Bance ML. Outcomes of cochlear implantation in Usher syndrome: a systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:1115-1129. [PMID: 37930386 PMCID: PMC10858075 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is a systematic review of the literature which seeks to evaluate auditory and quality of life (QOL) outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with Usher syndrome. METHODS Systematic review of studies indexed in Medline via PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov was performed up to March 9th 2022, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Patient demographics, comorbidity, details of cochlear implantation, auditory, and QOL outcomes were extracted and summarized. RESULTS 33 studies reported over 217 cochlear implants in 187 patients with Usher syndrome, comprising subtypes 1 (56 patients), 2 (9 patients), 3 (23 patients), and not specified (99 patients). Auditory outcomes included improved sound detection, speech perception, and speech intelligibility. QOL outcomes were reported for 75 patients, with benefit reported in the majority. CONCLUSIONS Many patients with Usher syndrome develop improved auditory outcomes after cochlear implantation with early implantation being an important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chon Meng Lam
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daoud Chaudhry
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jameel Muzaffar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Level 3, A BlockCambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 165, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Monksfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manohar L Bance
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Level 3, A BlockCambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 165, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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Arias-Peso B, Calero-Ramos ML, López-Ladrón García de la Borbolla C, López-Domínguez M, Morillo-Sánchez MJ, Méndez-Martínez S, Sánchez-Gómez S, Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa E. Multidisciplinary approach to inherited causes of dual sensory impairment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:701-715. [PMID: 37341837 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This article presents a review of the main causes of inherited dual sensory impairment (DSI) with an emphasis on the multidisciplinary approach. METHODS A narrative review of English literature published before January 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. The different causes of inherited DSI are discussed from a multidisciplinary perspective. RESULTS There are a wide range of dual sensory impairment (DSI), commonly referred to as blindness and deafness. While Usher syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause, other genetic syndromes such as Alport syndrome or Stickler syndrome can also lead to DSI. Various retinal phenotypes, including pigmentary retinopathy as seen in Usher syndrome, vitreoretinopathy as in Stickler syndrome, and macular dystrophy as in Alport syndrome, along with type of hearing loss (sensorineural or conductive) and additional systemic symptoms can aid in diagnostic suspicion. A thorough ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic examination can help guide diagnosis, which can then be confirmed with genetic studies, crucial for determining prognosis. Effective hearing rehabilitation measures, such as hearing implants, and visual rehabilitation measures, such as low vision optical devices, are crucial for maintaining social interaction and proper development in these patients. CONCLUSIONS While Usher syndrome is the primary cause of inherited dual sensory impairment (DSI), other genetic syndromes can also lead to this condition. A proper diagnostic approach based on retinal phenotypes and types of hearing loss can aid in ruling out alternative causes. Multidisciplinary approaches can assist in reaching a definitive diagnosis, which has significant prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Arias-Peso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 1-3 Isabel la Católica Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Méndez-Martínez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 1-3 Isabel la Católica Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Serafin Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Area, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Ng QX, Ong C, Yaow CYL, Chan HW, Thumboo J, Wang Y, Koh GCH. Cost-of-illness studies of inherited retinal diseases: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:93. [PMID: 38424595 PMCID: PMC10905859 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While health care and societal costs are routinely modelled for most diseases, there is a paucity of comprehensive data and cost-of-illness (COI) studies for inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). This lack of data can lead to underfunding or misallocation of resources. A comprehensive understanding of the COI of IRDs would assist governmental and healthcare leaders in determining optimal resource allocation, prioritizing funding for research, treatment, and support services for these patients. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, from database inception up to 30 Jun 2023, to identify COI studies related to IRD. Original studies in English, primarily including patients with IRDs, and whose main study objective was the estimation of the costs of IRDs and had sufficiently detailed methodology to assess study quality were eligible for inclusion. To enable comparison across countries and studies, all annual costs were standardized to US dollars, adjusted for inflation to reflect their current value and recalculated on a "per patient" basis wherever possible. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42023452986). RESULTS A total of nine studies were included in the final stage of systematic review and they consistently demonstrated a significant disease burden associated with IRDs. In Singapore, the mean total cost per patient was roughly US$6926/year. In Japan, the mean total cost per patient was US$20,833/year. In the UK, the mean total cost per patient with IRD ranged from US$21,658 to US$36,549/year. In contrast, in the US, the mean total per-patient costs for IRDs ranged from about US$33,017 to US$186,051 per year. In Canada, these mean total per-patient costs varied between US$16,470 and US$275,045/year. Non-health costs constituted the overwhelming majority of costs as compared to healthcare costs; 87-98% of the total costs were due to non-health costs, which could be attributed to diminished quality of life, poverty, and increased informal caregiving needs for affected individuals. CONCLUSION IRDs impose a disproportionate societal burden outside health systems. It is vital for continued funding into IRD research, and governments should incorporate societal costs in the evaluation of cost-effectiveness for forthcoming IRD interventions, including genomic testing and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang Ng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Clarence Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clyve Yu Leon Yaow
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwei Wuen Chan
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerald Choon Huat Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Munir A, Afsar S, Rehman AU. A systematic review of inherited retinal dystrophies in Pakistan: updates from 1999 to April 2023. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38317096 PMCID: PMC10840256 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a group of rare genetic conditions affecting retina of the eye that range in prevalence from 1 in 2000 to 1 in 4000 people globally. This review is based on a retrospective analysis of research articles reporting IRDs associated genetic findings in Pakistani families between 1999 and April 2023. METHODS Articles were retrieved through survey of online sources, notably, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Following a stringent selection criterion, a total of 126 research articles and conference abstracts were considered. All reported variants were cross-checked and validated for their correct genomic nomenclature using different online resources/databases, and their pathogenicity scores were explained as per ACMG guidelines. RESULTS A total of 277 unique sequence variants in 87 distinct genes, previously known to cause IRDs, were uncovered. In around 70% cases, parents of the index patient were consanguineously married, and approximately 88.81% of the detected variants were found in a homozygous state. Overall, more than 95% of the IRDs cases were recessively inherited. Missense variants were predominant (41.88%), followed by Indels/frameshift (26.35%), nonsense (19.13%), splice site (12.27%) and synonymous change (0.36%). Non-syndromic IRDs were significantly higher than syndromic IRDs (77.32% vs. 22.68%). Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was the most frequently observed IRD followed by Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA). Altogether, mutations in PDE6A gene was the leading cause of IRDs in Pakistani families followed by mutations in TULP1 gene. CONCLUSION In summary, Pakistani families are notable in expressing recessively inherited monogenic disorders including IRDs likely due to the highest prevalence of consanguinity in the country that leads to expression of rare pathogenic variants in homozygous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Munir
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Salma Afsar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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11
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Cuzzuol BR, Apolonio JS, da Silva Júnior RT, de Carvalho LS, Santos LKDS, Malheiro LH, Silva Luz M, Calmon MS, Crivellaro HDL, Lemos FFB, Freire de Melo F. Usher syndrome: Genetic diagnosis and current therapeutic approaches. World J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 11:1-17. [DOI: 10.5319/wjo.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Usher Syndrome (USH) is the most common deaf-blind syndrome, affecting approximately 1 in 6000 people in the deaf population. This genetic condition is characterized by a combination of hearing loss (HL), retinitis pigmentosa, and, in some cases, vestibular areflexia. Among the subtypes of USH, USH type 1 is considered the most severe form, presenting profound bilateral congenital deafness, vestibular areflexia, and early onset RP. USH type 2 is the most common form, exhibiting congenital moderate to severe HL for low frequencies and severe to profound HL for high frequencies. Conversely, type 3 is the rarest, initially manifesting mild symptoms during childhood that become more prominent in the first decades of life. The dual impact of USH on both visual and auditory senses significantly impairs patients’ quality of life, restricting their daily activities and interactions with society. To date, 9 genes have been confirmed so far for USH: MYO7A, USH1C, CDH23, PCDH15, USH1G, USH2A, ADGRV1, WHRN and CLRN1. These genes are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and encode proteins expressed in the inner ear and retina, leading to functional loss. Although non-genetic methods can assist in patient triage and disease extension evaluation, genetic and molecular tests play a pivotal role in providing genetic counseling, enabling appropriate gene therapy, and facilitating timely cochlear implantation (CI). The CRISPR/Cas9 system and viral-based gene replacement therapy have recently emerged as highly promising techniques for treating USH. Regarding drug therapy, PTC-124 and Nb54 have been identified as promising drug interventions for genetic HL in USH. Simultaneously, CI has proven to be critical in the restoration of hearing. This review aims to summarize the genetic and molecular diagnosis of USH and highlight the importance of early diagnosis in guiding appropriate treatment strategies and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Santos Apolonio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Sousa de Carvalho
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luana Kauany de Sá Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciano Hasimoto Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Henrique de Lima Crivellaro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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12
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Nguyen VP, Hu J, Zhe J, Chen EY, Yang D, Paulus YM. Multimodal photoacoustic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence imaging of USH2A knockout rabbits. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22071. [PMID: 38086867 PMCID: PMC10716268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome type 2A (USH2A) is a genetic disorder characterized by retinal degeneration and hearing loss. To better understand the pathogenesis and progression of this syndrome, animal models such as USH2A knockout (USH2AKO) rabbits have been developed. In this study, we employed multimodal imaging techniques, including photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) imaging to evaluate the retinal changes in the USH2AKO rabbit model. Twelve New Zealand White rabbits including USH2AKO and wild type (WT) were used for the experiments. Multimodal imaging was implemented at different time points over a period of 12 months to visualize the progression of retinal changes in USH2AKO rabbits. The results demonstrate that ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption and degeneration, key features of Usher syndrome, began at the age of 4 months old and persisted up to 12 months. The EZ degeneration areas were clearly observed on the FAF and OCT images. The FAF images revealed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration, confirming the presence of the disease phenotype in the USH2AKO rabbits. In addition, PAM images provided high-resolution and high image contrast of the optic nerve and the retinal microvasculature, including retinal vessels, choroidal vessels, and capillaries in three-dimensions. The quantification of EZ fluorescent intensity using FAF and EZ thickness using OCT provided comprehensive quantitative data on the progression of degenerative changes over time. This multimodal imaging approach allowed for a comprehensive and non-invasive assessment of retinal structure, microvasculature, and degenerative changes in the USH2AKO rabbit model. The combination of PAM, OCT, and fluorescent imaging facilitated longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of USH2A syndrome. These findings contribute to the understanding of USH2A syndrome and may have implications for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for affected individuals. The multimodal imaging techniques employed in this study offer a promising platform for preclinical evaluation of potential treatments and may pave the way for future clinical applications in patients with Usher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Justin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Josh Zhe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Eugene Y Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd NCRC B26-355S, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd NCRC B26-355S, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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13
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Zhang Y, Guo X, Hao L, Tian M, Ma Y, Tang Y. Identification of a novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variant in MYO7A causing Usher syndrome type IB in a Chinese patient: a case report. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231218924. [PMID: 38141656 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231218924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the clinical and genetic features of a patient with Usher syndrome type IB to improve our collective understanding of the disorder. The patient was a teenaged boy with congenital profound hearing loss, progressive visual loss, and vestibular hypoplasia; his parents were phenotypically normal. His pure tone audiometry hearing thresholds were 100 dB at all frequencies, and distortion product otoacoustic emission was not elicited at any frequencies in either ear. Moreover, an auditory brainstem response test at 100 dB normal hearing level revealed no relevant response waves, and a caloric test showed vestibular hypoplasia. Fundus examination revealed retinitis pigmentosa and a reduced visual field. The use of high-throughput sequencing technology to screen the patient's family lineage for deafness-related genes revealed that the patient carried a compound heterozygous pathogenic variant of MYO7A: c.541C > T and c.6364delG. This pathogenic variant has not previously been reported. Our findings may provide a basis for genetic counseling, effective treatment, and/or gene therapy for Usher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyi Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meihui Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- College of Basic Medical Science, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Tang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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14
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Nam DW, Song YK, Kim JH, Lee EK, Park KH, Cha J, Choi BY, Lee JH, Oh SH, Jo DH, Lee SY. Allelic hierarchy for USH2A influences auditory and visual phenotypes in South Korean patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20239. [PMID: 37981655 PMCID: PMC10658080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
When medical genetic syndromes are influenced by allelic hierarchies, mutant alleles have distinct effects on clinical phenotypes. Genotype-phenotype correlations for Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) suggest that the USH2A gene exhibits an allelic hierarchy. Here, we analyzed the phenotypes and genotypes of 16 South Korean patients with USH2A biallelic variants to investigate an allelic hierarchy from audiological and ophthalmological perspectives. Using whole exome and genome sequencing, 18 mutant alleles, including 4 novel alleles, were identified and implicated in USH2A-related disorders. Truncated alleles were linked to earlier onset of subjective hearing loss and more severe thresholds; biallelic truncated alleles had more severe effects. Truncated alleles were also associated with retinal structure degeneration and severe functional deterioration. However, younger patients (aged < 16 years) did not exhibit overt retinitis pigmentosa even when they had biallelic truncated alleles, suggesting that USH2A-related USH2 can mimic nonsyndromic hearing loss. For truncated alleles, there was a clear correlation between mean hearing threshold and 30-Hz flicker electroretinography implicit time. This study provides the first evidence of an USH2A-related allelic hierarchy among South Korean patients; our data yield valuable insights concerning the natural courses of clinical phenotypes and how genotype-based therapies may be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Nam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Song
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JuHyuen Cha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Guimaraes TACD, Arram E, Shakarchi AF, Georgiou M, Michaelides M. Inherited causes of combined vision and hearing loss: clinical features and molecular genetics. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1403-1414. [PMID: 36162969 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Combined vision and hearing loss, also known as dual sensory impairment, can occur in several genetic conditions, including ciliopathies such as Usher and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, mitochondrial DNA disorders and systemic diseases, such as CHARGE, Stickler, Waardenburg, Alport and Alstrom syndrome. The retinal phenotype may point to the diagnosis of such disorders. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the molecular genetics and clinical features of the most common non-chromosomal inherited disorders to cause dual sensory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Arram
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed F Shakarchi
- Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Lau SC, Grati M, Isgrig K, Sinan M, Calabro KR, Zhu J, Ishibashi Y, Ozgur Z, Wafa T, Belyantseva IA, Fitzgerald T, Friedman TB, Boye SL, Boye SE, Chien WW. Dual-AAV vector-mediated expression of MYO7A improves vestibular function in a mouse model of Usher syndrome 1B. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:534-545. [PMID: 37693946 PMCID: PMC10491803 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Usher syndrome is the most common cause of deafness-blindness in the world. Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B) is associated with mutations in MYO7A. Patients with USH1B experience deafness, blindness, and vestibular dysfunction. In this study, we applied adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy to the shaker-1 (Myo7a4626SB/4626SB) mouse, a model of USH1B. The shaker-1 mouse has a nonsense mutation in Myo7a, is profoundly deaf throughout life, and has significant vestibular dysfunction. Because of the ∼6.7-kb size of the MYO7A cDNA, a dual-AAV approach was used for gene delivery, which involves splitting human MYO7A cDNA into 5' and 3' halves and cloning them into two separate AAV8(Y733F) vectors. When MYO7A cDNA was delivered to shaker-1 inner ears using the dual-AAV approach, cochlear hair cell survival was improved. However, stereocilium organization and auditory function were not improved. In contrast, in the vestibular system, dual-AAV-mediated MYO7A delivery significantly rescued hair cell stereocilium morphology and improved vestibular function, as reflected in a reduction of circling behavior and improved vestibular sensory-evoked potential (VsEP) thresholds. Our data indicate that dual-AAV-mediated MYO7A expression improves vestibular function in shaker-1 mice and supports further development of this approach for the treatment of disabling dizziness from vestibular dysfunction in USH1B patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Lau
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mhamed Grati
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Isgrig
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Moaz Sinan
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R. Calabro
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianliang Zhu
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuko Ishibashi
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zeynep Ozgur
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Talah Wafa
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Inna A. Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Fitzgerald
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sanford L. Boye
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shannon E. Boye
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wade W. Chien
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Filson MJ, Davis DC, Yother C. Clinical Presentation of Usher Syndrome Type 1B (USH1B) in a 10-Month-Old: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e43934. [PMID: 37746462 PMCID: PMC10513348 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher Syndrome (USH) is a genetically inherited condition characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and progressive vision loss secondary to retinitis pigmentosa. Patients may also display vestibular areflexia and balance issues secondary to inner ear damage. Usher Syndrome is the most commonly diagnosed syndrome within the blind-deaf community, and it accounts for a significant portion of the hearing and visual deficit cases among patients younger than 65 years of age. Due to the reported prevalence of Usher Syndrome in the United States, it appears there is chronic underdiagnosis in clinical settings throughout the country. A possible explanation for this is the visual deficits of Usher syndrome do not appear until later in life and thus inappropriately lower the index of suspicion for this diagnosis in young children with hearing deficits. This case study highlights a healthy newborn who failed the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) bilaterally and a follow-up hearing screening in a pediatrician's office. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) later confirmed bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Upon genetic testing, an abnormality in the Unconventional Myosin VII-A (MYO7) gene was discovered and consistent with Usher syndrome Type 1B (USH1B). Usher Syndrome should be considered on the differential for patients with congenital hearing loss. Genetic counseling should be used if no other cause of sensorineural hearing loss is identified. Due to the progressive nature of this condition and the physical and developmental deficits that will transpire without treatment, a genetic panel for hearing loss should be prioritized to determine the presence of genetic mutations suggesting Usher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Filson
- Medicine, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, USA
| | - Dakota C Davis
- Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Claire Yother
- Pediatrics, Gadsden Pediatric Clinic, P.A., Gadsden, USA
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18
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Marwan M, Dawood M, Ullah M, Shah IU, Khan N, Hassan MT, Karam M, Rawlins LE, Baple EL, Crosby AH, Saleha S. Unravelling the genetic basis of retinal dystrophies in Pakistani consanguineous families. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37165311 PMCID: PMC10170854 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a clinically and genetically progressive retinal dystrophy associated with severe visual impairments and sometimes blindness, the most common syndromic form of which is Usher syndrome (USH). This study aimed to further increase understanding of the spectrum of RP in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan. METHODOLOGY Four consanguineous families of Pashtun ethnic group were investigated which were referred by the local collaborating ophthalmologists. In total 42 individuals in four families were recruited and investigated using whole exome and dideoxy sequencing. Among them, 20 were affected individuals including 6 in both family 1 and 2, 5 in family 3 and 3 in family 4. RESULT Pathogenic gene variants were identified in all four families, including two in cone dystrophy and RP genes in the same family (PDE6C; c.480delG, p.Asn161ThrfsTer33 and TULP1; c.238 C > T, p.Gln80Ter) with double-homozygous individuals presenting with more severe disease. Other pathogenic variants were identified in MERTK (c.2194C > T, p.Arg732Ter), RHO (c.448G > A, p.Glu150Lys) associated with non-syndromic RP, and MYO7A (c.487G > A, p.Gly163Arg) associated with USH. In addition, the reported variants were of clinical significance as the PDE6C variant was detected novel, whereas TULP1, MERTK, and MYO7A variants were detected rare and first time found segregating with retinal dystrophies in Pakistani consanguineous families. CONCLUSIONS This study increases knowledge of the genetic basis of retinal dystrophies in families from Pakistan providing information important for genetic testing and diagnostic provision particularly from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Marwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Ullah
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Irfan Ullah Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences KIMS, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Niamat Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taimur Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Karam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Lettie E Rawlins
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre (Level 4), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Exeter, UK
| | - Emma L Baple
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre (Level 4), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre (Level 4), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Shamim Saleha
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan.
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19
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Chen L, Wang J, Yang T, Xie L, Cui Z, Yu Q, Zhong J, Chan HF, Xue Y, Guo Y, Chen J. Establishment of iPS cell line (KLRMMEi003-A) from a patient with Usher syndrome due to USH2A mutation. Stem Cell Res 2023; 68:103055. [PMID: 36863132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line by reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with Usher syndrome type II carrying USH2A gene mutation (c.8559-2A > G). The iPS cell line with confirmed patient-specific point mutation exhibited typical iPS cell characteristics and maintained a normal karyotype. It can be used as 2D and 3D models to investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanism and lay a solid foundation for future personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyin Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyao Xie
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, 18th Floor, the New Century Building, #198 Furong Middle Road, Changsha 410015 Hunan, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Centric Laboratory, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yonglong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Aier Eye Institute, 18th Floor, the New Century Building, #198 Furong Middle Road, Changsha 410015 Hunan, China.
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20
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Zhang J, Guan J, Wang Q. [Genetics of pediatric hearing loss]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2023; 37:181-185. [PMID: 36843515 PMCID: PMC10320671 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of sequencing technology and bioinformatics, the genetic research and related clinical practice of pediatric hearing loss have also made significant progress. This review summarized and analyzed the genetic causes of hearing impairment in children and the research progress of related genetic diagnosis and screening, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of pediatric hearing loss and related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine,Institute of Otolaryngology,Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases,Beijing,100048,China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine,Institute of Otolaryngology,Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases,Beijing,100048,China
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21
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Huang Y, Yuan L, He G, Cao Y, Deng X, Deng H. Novel compound heterozygous variants in the USH2A gene associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa without hearing loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1129862. [PMID: 36875754 PMCID: PMC9974670 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1129862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of progressive inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by the primary degeneration of rod photoreceptors and the subsequent loss of cone photoreceptors because of cell death. It is caused by different mechanisms, including inflammation, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Variants in the usherin gene (USH2A) have been reported in autosomal recessive RP with or without hearing loss. In the present study, we aimed to identify causative variants in a Han-Chinese pedigree with autosomal recessive RP. Methods: A six-member, three-generation Han-Chinese family with autosomal recessive RP was recruited. A full clinical examination, whole exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing, as well as co-segregation analysis were performed. Results: Three heterozygous variants in the USH2A gene, c.3304C>T (p.Q1102*), c.4745T>C (p.L1582P), and c.14740G>A (p.E4914K), were identified in the proband, which were inherited from parents and transmitted to the daughters. Bioinformatics analysis supported the pathogenicity of the c.3304C>T (p.Q1102*) and c.4745T>C (p.L1582P) variants. Conclusions: Novel compound heterozygous variants in the USH2A gene, c.3304C>T (p.Q1102*) and c.4745T>C (p.L1582P), were identified as the genetic causes of autosomal recessive RP. The findings may enhance the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of USH2A-associated phenotypes, expand the spectrum of the USH2A gene variants, and contribute to improved genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Huang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanna Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Lin Q, Yang D, Shen Z, Zhou X. New splice site mutations in MYO7A causing Usher syndrome type 1: a study on a Chinese consanguineous family. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:2091-2099. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Zaheer HA, Parameswarappa DC, Zaheer MA, Chhablani J, Patil-Chhablani P. Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2022; 17:551-573. [PMID: 36620710 PMCID: PMC9806326 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v17i4.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of ocular manifestations in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can have a large impact on the outcome and treatment of pediatric patients. Due to the common co-incidence of ocular manifestations and SNHL in children, both ophthalmologic and hearing loss screening and routine examinations must be conducted to minimize adverse outcomes and worsening of pathology. Early evaluation and diagnosis is imperative for intervention and further development of the patient. Co-incidence requires a thorough evaluation that includes a comprehensive history, examination, and diagnostic testing. In this article, a literature review was conducted to analyze the presentations of various diseases and syndromes, such as Alport Syndrome, Waardenburg Syndrome, Norrie Disease, Usher Disease, Stickler Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, Congenital Rubella, and Hereditary Optic Neuropathies. We divided the various ocular pathologies into anterior and posterior segment presentations and associated systemic findings for better understanding. Additionally, this review aims to include an update on the management of patients with both ocular and hearing loss manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniah A. Zaheer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Myra A. Zaheer
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University,
Washington DC, USA
| | - Jay Chhablani
- UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Genetic insights, disease mechanisms, and biological therapeutics for Waardenburg syndrome. Gene Ther 2022; 29:479-497. [PMID: 33633356 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS), also known as auditory-pigmentary syndrome, is the most common cause of syndromic hearing loss (HL), which accounts for approximately 2-5% of all patients with congenital hearing loss. WS is classified into four subtypes depending on the clinical phenotypes. Currently, pathogenic mutations of PAX3, MITF, SOX10, EDN3, EDNRB or SNAI2 are associated with different subtypes of WS. Although supportive techniques like hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive listening devices can alleviate the HL symptom, there is no cure for WS to date. Recently major progress has been achieved in preclinical studies of genetic HL in animal models, including gene delivery and stem cell replacement therapies. This review focuses on the current understandings of pathogenic mechanisms and potential biological therapeutic approaches for HL in WS, providing strategies and directions for implementing WS biological therapies, as well as possible problems to be faced, in the future.
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25
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Santos DF, Molina Thurin LJ, Gustavo Vargas J, Izquierdo NJ, Oliver A. A Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of Usher Syndrome in Puerto Rico: A Case Series. Cureus 2022; 14:e28213. [PMID: 36003347 PMCID: PMC9392863 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with Usher syndrome (USH) have retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and hearing loss inherited as an autosomal recessive (ar) trait. Mutations in the USH2A gene are the most common cause of Usher syndrome. We report the genotype-phenotype correlation in 10 patients with Usher syndrome from Puerto Rico (PR). This is the first genotype-phenotype analysis of patients with the syndrome in PR. Methods We conducted a chart review of patients who carried an Usher syndrome diagnosis. They underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation by at least one of the authors. This included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field mean deviation (VF MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and macular optical coherence tomography (mOCT) average volume and thickness. Genotyping was done using the Invitae Inherited Retinal Disease (IRD) Panel. Results Three patients had a logMAR BCVA of 1.0 or worse. The median VF MD was -29.7 dB and -29.2 dB in the OD and OS, respectively. The median PSD was 5.5 dB and 5.7 dB in the OD and OS, respectively. Upon macular OCT, patients had a median volume of 8.4 μm3 and 8 μm3 in the OD and OS, respectively. The median thickness was 235 μm and 223 μm in the OD and OS, respectively. All patients had pathogenic USH2A variants, and eight of these were compound heterozygotes. The most common variants were p.Cys575Tyr and p.Glu767Serfs*21, each present in four patients. Patients with the p.Cys759Phe variant had the worst phenotype with the worst BCVA, largest VF MD, and slimmer macular thickness. Conclusion Our findings are compatible with previously reported pathogenic mutations in the USH2A gene. However, the p.Cys759Phe variant has previously been correlated with a mild phenotype. In our study, the p.Cys759Phe variant correlated with the most severe phenotype. This variant has a high prevalence in the Spanish population, and PR was a Spanish colony for 400 years. The presence of this variant could be traced back to Spain. Genotyping patients with Usher syndrome is of utmost importance. Further studies to evaluate the common founder effect of patients with the syndrome in PR are warranted.
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26
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Du Q, Sun Q, Gu X, Wang J, Li W, Guo L, Li H. Novel homozygous variant in the PDZD7 gene in a family with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:135. [PMID: 35715776 PMCID: PMC9204979 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory neural disorder in humans, and according to a WHO estimation, 5.5% (466 million) of people worldwide have disabling hearing loss. In this study, a Chinese family with prelingual sensorineural hearing loss was investigated. The affected individuals showed moderately severe hearing loss at all frequencies. Using target genome enrichment and high-throughput sequencing, the homozygous variant c.2372del; p.(Ser791fs) was identified in PDZD7. This variant lies in exon 15 of PDZD7 and results in a frame shift followed by an early stop codon. It is classified as pathogenic according to the ACMG/AMP guidelines and ClinGen specifications. Our study expands the pathogenic variant spectrum of PDZD7 and strengthens the clinical importance of this gene in patients with moderately severe hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Du
- Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jinchao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516002, Guangdong, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Luo Guo
- Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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27
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Cross N, van Steen C, Zegaoui Y, Satherley A, Angelillo L. Retinitis Pigmentosa: Burden of Disease and Current Unmet Needs. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:1993-2010. [PMID: 35757022 PMCID: PMC9232096 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s365486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterised by progressive vision loss, is the leading cause of visual disability and blindness in subjects less than 60 years old. Currently incurable, therapy is aimed at restricting degeneration of vision, treating complications, and helping patients to cope with the psychosocial impact of their disease. Hence, RP is associated with a high burden of disease. This paper describes the current therapeutic landscape for RP and the disease burden for patients, caregivers, and society. A review of available data was conducted in three stages: (1) a literature search of publicly available information on all domains of RP; (2) a systematic literature review using Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature (GlobalData) on epidemiology and cost of RP; and (3) qualitative research with senior physicians treating RP patients in the EU4 and the UK to validate research findings from secondary sources. RP severely impacts the daily lives of over a million people worldwide. Progressive vision loss significantly affects the ability to perform basic daily tasks, to maintain employment, and maintain independence. Consequently, most patients will experience reduced quality of life, with a greater emotional and psychological impact than other conditions related to vision loss such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. RP is also associated with a high level of carer burden, arising from psychological and financial stress. The therapeutic landscape for RP is limited, with few treatment options and minimal guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients. A curative intervention, voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna®), only exists for 1–6% of patients. Although disease management can be successful in developing coping strategies, most patients live with this chronic, progressive condition without interventions to change the disease course. Innovative new therapies can transform the therapeutic landscape, provided appropriate clinical guidance is forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Cross
- Market Access, Lightning Health, London, England, UK
| | - Cécile van Steen
- Market Access HTA & HEOR, EMEA, Santen GmbH, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Yasmina Zegaoui
- Market Access, Lightning Health, London, England, UK
- Correspondence: Yasmina Zegaoui, Market Access, Lightning Health, 8 Devonshire Square, London, EC2M 4PL, England, UK, Tel +447770918748, Email
| | | | - Luigi Angelillo
- Market Access HTA & HEOR, EMEA, Santen GmbH, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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28
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Gill JS, Theofylaktopoulos V, Mitsios A, Houston S, Hagag AM, Dubis AM, Moosajee M. Investigating Biomarkers for USH2A Retinopathy Using Multimodal Retinal Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084198. [PMID: 35457016 PMCID: PMC9024786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in USH2A are a leading cause of visual loss secondary to non-syndromic or Usher syndrome-associated retinitis pigmentosa (RP). With an increasing number of RP-targeted clinical trials in progress, we sought to evaluate the photoreceptor topography underlying patterns of loss observed on clinical retinal imaging to guide surrogate endpoint selection in USH2A retinopathy. In this prospective cross-sectional study, twenty-five patients with molecularly confirmed USH2A-RP underwent fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) retinal imaging. Analysis comprised measurement of FAF horizontal inner (IR) and outer (OR) hyperautofluorescent ring diameter; SD-OCT ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) width, normalised EZ reflectance; AOSLO foveal cone density and intact macular photoreceptor mosaic (IMPM) diameter. Thirty-two eyes from 16 patients (mean age ± SD, 36.0 ± 14.2 years) with USH2A-associated Usher syndrome type 2 (n = 14) or non-syndromic RP (n = 2) met the inclusion criteria. Spatial alignment was observed between IR-EZ and OR-ELM diameters/widths (p < 0.001). The IMPM border occurred just lateral to EZ loss (p < 0.001), although sparser intact photoreceptor inner segments were detected until ELM disruption. EZ width and IR diameter displayed a biphasic relationship with cone density whereby slow cone loss occurred until retinal degeneration reached ~1350 μm from the fovea, beyond which greater reduction in cone density followed. Normalised EZ reflectance and cone density were significantly associated (p < 0.001). As the strongest correlate of cone density (p < 0.001) and best-corrected visual acuity (p < 0.001), EZ width is the most sensitive biomarker of structural and functional decline in USH2A retinopathy, rendering it a promising trial endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep S. Gill
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (J.S.G.); (V.T.); (A.M.); (S.H.); (A.M.H.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Vasileios Theofylaktopoulos
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (J.S.G.); (V.T.); (A.M.); (S.H.); (A.M.H.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Andreas Mitsios
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (J.S.G.); (V.T.); (A.M.); (S.H.); (A.M.H.); (A.M.D.)
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Sarah Houston
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (J.S.G.); (V.T.); (A.M.); (S.H.); (A.M.H.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Ahmed M. Hagag
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (J.S.G.); (V.T.); (A.M.); (S.H.); (A.M.H.); (A.M.D.)
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Adam M. Dubis
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (J.S.G.); (V.T.); (A.M.); (S.H.); (A.M.H.); (A.M.D.)
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Global Business School for Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (J.S.G.); (V.T.); (A.M.); (S.H.); (A.M.H.); (A.M.D.)
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-608-6971
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The genetic and phenotypic landscapes of Usher syndrome: from disease mechanisms to a new classification. Hum Genet 2022; 141:709-735. [PMID: 35353227 PMCID: PMC9034986 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common cause of deaf–blindness in humans, with a prevalence of about 1/10,000 (~ 400,000 people worldwide). Cochlear implants are currently used to reduce the burden of hearing loss in severe-to-profoundly deaf patients, but many promising treatments including gene, cell, and drug therapies to restore the native function of the inner ear and retinal sensory cells are under investigation. The traditional clinical classification of Usher syndrome defines three major subtypes—USH1, 2 and 3—according to hearing loss severity and onset, the presence or absence of vestibular dysfunction, and age at onset of retinitis pigmentosa. Pathogenic variants of nine USH genes have been initially reported: MYO7A, USH1C, PCDH15, CDH23, and USH1G for USH1, USH2A, ADGRV1, and WHRN for USH2, and CLRN1 for USH3. Based on the co-occurrence of hearing and vision deficits, the list of USH genes has been extended to few other genes, but with limited supporting information. A consensus on combined criteria for Usher syndrome is crucial for the development of accurate diagnosis and to improve patient management. In recent years, a wealth of information has been obtained concerning the properties of the Usher proteins, related molecular networks, potential genotype–phenotype correlations, and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the impairment or loss of hearing, balance and vision. The advent of precision medicine calls for a clear and more precise diagnosis of Usher syndrome, exploiting all the existing data to develop a combined clinical/genetic/network/functional classification for Usher syndrome.
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30
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Usher syndrome IIIA: a review of the disorder and preclinical research advances in therapeutic approaches. Hum Genet 2022; 141:759-783. [PMID: 35320418 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, progressive pigmentary retinopathy, and vestibular dysfunction. The degree and onset of hearing loss vary among subtypes I, II, and III, while blindness often occurs in the second to fourth decades of life. Usher type III (USH3), characterized by postlingual progressive sensorineural hearing loss, varying levels of vestibular dysfunction, and varying degrees of visual impairment, typically manifests in the first to second decades of life. While USH3 is rare, it is highly prevalent in certain populations. RP61, USH3, and USH3A symbolize the same disorder, with the latter symbol used more frequently in recent literature. This review focuses on the clinical features, epidemiology, molecular genetics, treatment, and research advances for sensory deficits in USH3A.
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Grotz S, Schäfer J, Wunderlich KA, Ellederova Z, Auch H, Bähr A, Runa-Vochozkova P, Fadl J, Arnold V, Ardan T, Veith M, Santamaria G, Dhom G, Hitzl W, Kessler B, Eckardt C, Klein J, Brymova A, Linnert J, Kurome M, Zakharchenko V, Fischer A, Blutke A, Döring A, Suchankova S, Popelar J, Rodríguez-Bocanegra E, Dlugaiczyk J, Straka H, May-Simera H, Wang W, Laugwitz KL, Vandenberghe LH, Wolf E, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Peters T, Motlik J, Fischer MD, Wolfrum U, Klymiuk N. Early disruption of photoreceptor cell architecture and loss of vision in a humanized pig model of usher syndromes. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14817. [PMID: 35254721 PMCID: PMC8988205 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common form of monogenic deaf-blindness. Loss of vision is untreatable and there are no suitable animal models for testing therapeutic strategies of the ocular constituent of USH, so far. By introducing a human mutation into the harmonin-encoding USH1C gene in pigs, we generated the first translational animal model for USH type 1 with characteristic hearing defect, vestibular dysfunction, and visual impairment. Changes in photoreceptor architecture, quantitative motion analysis, and electroretinography were characteristics of the reduced retinal virtue in USH1C pigs. Fibroblasts from USH1C pigs or USH1C patients showed significantly elongated primary cilia, confirming USH as a true and general ciliopathy. Primary cells also proved their capacity for assessing the therapeutic potential of CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene repair or gene therapy in vitro. AAV-based delivery of harmonin into the eye of USH1C pigs indicated therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Grotz
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Zdenka Ellederova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Auch
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Runa-Vochozkova
- Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Janet Fadl
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Taras Ardan
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Veith
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Dhom
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Eckardt
- Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Klein
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Brymova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakharchenko
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Döring
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stepanka Suchankova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Popelar
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Bocanegra
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Dlugaiczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Straka
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg, Germany
| | - Helen May-Simera
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cilia Biology, JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Peters
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - M Dominik Fischer
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, NDCN, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, Internal Medical Department I, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common genetic condition responsible for combined loss of hearing and vision. Balance disorders and bilateral vestibular areflexia are also observed in some cases. The syndrome was first described by Albrecht von Graefe in 1858, but later named by Charles Usher, who presented a large number of cases with hearing loss and retinopathy in 1914. USH has been grouped into three main clinical types: 1, 2, and 3, which are caused by mutations in different genes and are further divided into different subtypes. To date, nine causative genes have been identified and confirmed as responsible for the syndrome when mutated: MYO7A, USH1C, CDH23, PCDH15, and USH1G (SANS) for Usher type 1; USH2A, ADGRV1, and WHRN for Usher type 2; CLRN1 for Usher type 3. USH is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Digenic, bi-allelic, and polygenic forms have also been reported, in addition to dominant or nonsyndromic forms of genetic mutations. This narrative review reports the causative forms, diagnosis, prognosis, epidemiology, rehabilitation, research, and new treatments of USH.
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Said MB, Ayed IB, Elloumi I, Hasnaoui M, Souissi A, Idriss N, Aloulou H, Chabchoub I, Maâlej B, Driss D, Masmoudi S. Custom Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Novel Mutations Expanding the Molecular and clinical spectrum of isolated Hearing Impairment or along with defects of the retina, the thyroid, and the kidneys. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1868. [PMID: 34997822 PMCID: PMC8830811 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the Tunisian population, the molecular analysis of hearing impairment remains based on conventional approaches, which makes the task laborious and enormously expensive. Exploration of the etiology of Hearing Impairment and the early diagnosis of causal mutations by next‐generation sequencing help significantly alleviate social and economic problems. Methods We elaborated a custom SureSelectQXT panel for next‐generation sequencing of the coding sequences of 42 genes involved in isolated hearing impairment or along with defects of the retina, the thyroid, and the kidneys. Results We report eight pathogenic variants, four of which are novel in patients with isolated hearing impairment, hearing impairment, and renal tubular acidosis, Usher syndrome and Pendred syndrome. Functional studies using molecular modeling showed the severe impact of the novel missense mutations on the concerned proteins. Basically, we identified mutations in nuclear as well as mitochondrial genes in a Tunisian family with isolated hearing impairment, which explains definitely the phenotype detected since 2006. Conclusion Our results expanded the mutation spectrum and genotype‒phenotype correlation of isolated and syndromic hearing loss and also emphasized the importance of combining both targeted next‐generation sequencing and detailed clinical evaluation to elaborate a more accurate diagnosis for hearing impairment and related phenotypes especially in North African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ben Said
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikhlas Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Medical Genetics Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Elloumi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Hasnaoui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tahar Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Souissi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Idriss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tahar Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Aloulou
- Pediatric Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Chabchoub
- Pediatric Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bayen Maâlej
- Pediatric Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Driss
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saber Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Sethna S, Zein WM, Riaz S, Giese AP, Schultz JM, Duncan T, Hufnagel RB, Brewer CC, Griffith AJ, Redmond TM, Riazuddin S, Friedman TB, Ahmed ZM. Proposed therapy, developed in a Pcdh15-deficient mouse, for progressive loss of vision in human Usher syndrome. eLife 2021; 10:67361. [PMID: 34751129 PMCID: PMC8577840 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome type I (USH1) is characterized by deafness, vestibular areflexia, and progressive retinal degeneration. The protein-truncating p.Arg245* founder variant of PCDH15 (USH1F) has an ~2% carrier frequency amongst Ashkenazi Jews accounts for ~60% of their USH1 cases. Here, longitudinal phenotyping in 13 USH1F individuals revealed progressive retinal degeneration, leading to severe vision loss with macular atrophy by the sixth decade. Half of the affected individuals were legally blind by their mid-50s. The mouse Pcdh15R250X variant is equivalent to human p.Arg245*. Homozygous Pcdh15R250X mice also have visual deficits and aberrant light-dependent translocation of the phototransduction cascade proteins, arrestin, and transducin. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific retinoid cycle proteins, RPE65 and CRALBP, were also reduced in Pcdh15R250X mice, indicating a dual role for protocadherin-15 in photoreceptors and RPE. Exogenous 9-cis retinal improved ERG amplitudes in Pcdh15R250X mice, suggesting a basis for a clinical trial of FDA-approved retinoids to preserve vision in USH1F patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumil Sethna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sehar Riaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arnaud Pj Giese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Julie M Schultz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Todd Duncan
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Carmen C Brewer
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, United States
| | - Andrew J Griffith
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, United States
| | - T Michael Redmond
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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35
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Whole transcriptome sequencing identifies key circRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs regulating neurogenesis in developing mouse retina. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:779. [PMID: 34717547 PMCID: PMC8557489 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular complexity of neural retina development remains poorly studied. Knowledge of retinal neurogenesis regulation sheds light on retinal degeneration therapy exploration. Therefore, we integrated the time-series circRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles of the developing retina through whole-transcriptome sequencing. The key functional ncRNAs and the ceRNA network regulating retinal neurogenesis were identified. Results Transcriptomic analysis identified circRNA as the most variable ncRNA subtype. We screened a series of neurogenesis-related circRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs using different strategies based on their diversified molecular functions. The expression of circCDYL, circATXN1, circDYM, circPRGRIP, lncRNA Meg3, and lncRNA Vax2os was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. These circRNAs and lncRNAs participate in neurotransmitter transport and multicellular organism growth through the intricate circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Conclusion Whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis systematically screened key ncRNAs in retinal neurogenesis. The validated ncRNAs and their circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network involve neurotransmitter transport and multicellular organism growth during retinal development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08078-z.
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36
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Dinculescu A, Link BA, Saperstein DA. Retinal Gene Therapy for Usher Syndrome: Current Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:109-124. [PMID: 34584048 PMCID: PMC8478317 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Batissoco AC, Pedroso-Campos V, Pardono E, Sampaio-Silva J, Sonoda CY, Vieira-Silva GA, da Silva de Oliveira Longati EU, Mariano D, Hoshino ACH, Tsuji RK, Jesus-Santos R, Abath-Neto O, Bento RF, Oiticica J, Lezirovitz K. Molecular and genetic characterization of a large Brazilian cohort presenting hearing loss. Hum Genet 2021; 141:519-538. [PMID: 34599368 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory defects, affecting 5.5% of the worldwide population and significantly impacting health and social life. It is mainly attributed to genetic causes, but their relative contribution reflects the geographical region's socio-economic development. Extreme genetic heterogeneity with hundreds of deafness genes involved poses challenges for molecular diagnosis. Here we report the investigation of 542 hearing-impaired subjects from all Brazilian regions to search for genetic causes. Biallelic GJB2/GJB6 causative variants were identified in 12.9% (the lowest frequency was found in the Northern region, 7.7%), 0.4% carried GJB2 dominant variants, and 0.6% had the m.1555A > G variant (one aminoglycoside-related). In addition, other genetic screenings, employed in selected probands according to clinical presentation and presumptive inheritance patterns, identified causative variants in 2.4%. Ear malformations and auditory neuropathy were diagnosed in 10.8% and 3.5% of probands, respectively. In 3.8% of prelingual/perilingual cases, Waardenburg syndrome was clinically diagnosed, and in 71.4%, these diagnoses were confirmed with pathogenic variants revealed; seven out of them were novel, including one CNV. All these genetic screening strategies revealed causative variants in 16.2% of the cases. Based on causative variants in the molecular diagnosis and genealogy analyses, a probable genetic etiology was found in ~ 50% of the cases. The present study highlights the relevance of GJB2/GJB6 as a cause of hearing loss in all Brazilian regions and the importance of screening unselected samples for estimating frequencies. Moreover, when a comprehensive screening is not available, molecular diagnosis can be enhanced by selecting probands for specific screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Batissoco
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- ENT Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Pedroso-Campos
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Eliete Pardono
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências de Saúde da UNIP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Sampaio-Silva
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cindy Yukimi Sonoda
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gleiciele Alice Vieira-Silva
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Diego Mariano
- Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Cristina Hiromi Hoshino
- ENT Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Robinson Koji Tsuji
- ENT Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafaela Jesus-Santos
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Osório Abath-Neto
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Ferreira Bento
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- ENT Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jeanne Oiticica
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- ENT Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Karina Lezirovitz
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
- ENT Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Davies C, Bergman J, Misztal C, Ramchandran R, Mittal J, Bulut E, Shah V, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. The Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Usher Syndrome: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132915. [PMID: 34209904 PMCID: PMC8267700 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To systematically appraise the implementation of cochlear implantation (CI) in Usher Syndrome (USH) Types 1, 2, and 3 patients, and analyze who would benefit from CI. Data Sources: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library electronic databases from inception through June 2020 was performed. There were no language restrictions. Study Selection: The PRISMA strategy was followed. Included studies discuss USH patients who underwent CI regardless of age, nationality, or clinical subtype. All included studies report post-implantation functional, cognitive, or quality of life outcomes. Only reviews were excluded. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. USH patients experienced improvements in PTA and speech perception and expression outcomes after CI, as well as improvements in phonological memory and quality of life measures. Overall, patients implanted at younger ages outperformed older patients in audiological testing. Similarly, patients with prolonged auditory deprivation had relatively poor performance outcomes in sentence recognition and speech detection following CI. Conclusions: Most USH patients benefit from CI. USH patients who undergo CI at younger ages generally achieve better hearing, speech, and cognitive outcomes. CI at older ages can still prove beneficial if appropriate auditory amplification is started at the right time. Further research is warranted to fill the gap in understanding regarding the gene mutations underlying the pathophysiology of USH that have favorable CI outcomes as well as the optimal time to perform CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camron Davies
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Jenna Bergman
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Carly Misztal
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Renuka Ramchandran
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Erdogan Bulut
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Viraj Shah
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (J.B.); (C.M.); (R.R.); (J.M.); (E.B.); (V.S.); (R.M.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is the most common birth defect, estimated to affect 2-3 in every 1000 births. Currently there is no cure for hearing loss. Treatment options are limited to hearing aids for mild and moderate cases, and cochlear implants for severe and profound hearing loss. Here we provide a literature overview of the environmental and genetic causes of congenital hearing loss, common animal models and methods used for hearing research, as well as recent advances towards developing therapies to treat congenital deafness. © 2021 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Renauld
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martin L Basch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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