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Guo Y, Lin Z, Fan Z, Tian X. Epileptic brain network mechanisms and neuroimaging techniques for the brain network. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2637-2648. [PMID: 38595282 PMCID: PMC11168515 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network, and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated differently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges. Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice. An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tractography, diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography, fiber ball imaging-based tractography, electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, molecular imaging, and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks. In this review, we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy, and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and clinical application ranges of each technique. A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies, new data analysis software, a combination of multiple techniques, and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Pigorini A, Avanzini P, Barborica A, Bénar CG, David O, Farisco M, Keller CJ, Manfridi A, Mikulan E, Paulk AC, Roehri N, Subramanian A, Vulliémoz S, Zelmann R. Simultaneous invasive and non-invasive recordings in humans: A novel Rosetta stone for deciphering brain activity. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110160. [PMID: 38734149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous noninvasive and invasive electrophysiological recordings provide a unique opportunity to achieve a comprehensive understanding of human brain activity, much like a Rosetta stone for human neuroscience. In this review we focus on the increasingly-used powerful combination of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). We first provide practical insight on how to achieve these technically challenging recordings. We then provide examples from clinical research on how simultaneous recordings are advancing our understanding of epilepsy. This is followed by the illustration of how human neuroscience and methodological advances could benefit from these simultaneous recordings. We conclude with a call for open data sharing and collaboration, while ensuring neuroethical approaches and argue that only with a true collaborative approach the promises of simultaneous recordings will be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pigorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; UOC Maxillo-facial Surgery and dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Christian-G Bénar
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1106, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier David
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1106, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Michele Farisco
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 256, Uppsala, SE 751 05, Sweden; Science and Society Unit Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Via Camporeale snc, Ariano Irpino, AV 83031, Italy
| | - Corey J Keller
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94394, USA
| | - Alfredo Manfridi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ezequiel Mikulan
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Roehri
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Dpt of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ajay Subramanian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94394, USA
| | - Serge Vulliémoz
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Dpt of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Afnan J, Cai Z, Lina JM, Abdallah C, Delaire E, Avigdor T, Ros V, Hedrich T, von Ellenrieder N, Kobayashi E, Frauscher B, Gotman J, Grova C. EEG/MEG source imaging of deep brain activity within the maximum entropy on the mean framework: Simulations and validation in epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26720. [PMID: 38994740 PMCID: PMC11240147 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Electro/Magneto-EncephaloGraphy (EEG/MEG) source imaging (EMSI) of epileptic activity from deep generators is often challenging due to the higher sensitivity of EEG/MEG to superficial regions and to the spatial configuration of subcortical structures. We previously demonstrated the ability of the coherent Maximum Entropy on the Mean (cMEM) method to accurately localize the superficial cortical generators and their spatial extent. Here, we propose a depth-weighted adaptation of cMEM to localize deep generators more accurately. These methods were evaluated using realistic MEG/high-density EEG (HD-EEG) simulations of epileptic activity and actual MEG/HD-EEG recordings from patients with focal epilepsy. We incorporated depth-weighting within the MEM framework to compensate for its preference for superficial generators. We also included a mesh of both hippocampi, as an additional deep structure in the source model. We generated 5400 realistic simulations of interictal epileptic discharges for MEG and HD-EEG involving a wide range of spatial extents and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels, before investigating EMSI on clinical HD-EEG in 16 patients and MEG in 14 patients. Clinical interictal epileptic discharges were marked by visual inspection. We applied three EMSI methods: cMEM, depth-weighted cMEM and depth-weighted minimum norm estimate (MNE). The ground truth was defined as the true simulated generator or as a drawn region based on clinical information available for patients. For deep sources, depth-weighted cMEM improved the localization when compared to cMEM and depth-weighted MNE, whereas depth-weighted cMEM did not deteriorate localization accuracy for superficial regions. For patients' data, we observed improvement in localization for deep sources, especially for the patients with mesial temporal epilepsy, for which cMEM failed to reconstruct the initial generator in the hippocampus. Depth weighting was more crucial for MEG (gradiometers) than for HD-EEG. Similar findings were found when considering depth weighting for the wavelet extension of MEM. In conclusion, depth-weighted cMEM improved the localization of deep sources without or with minimal deterioration of the localization of the superficial sources. This was demonstrated using extensive simulations with MEG and HD-EEG and clinical MEG and HD-EEG for epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawata Afnan
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zhengchen Cai
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Physnum Team, Centre De Recherches Mathématiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Electrical Engineering Department, École De Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chifaou Abdallah
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edouard Delaire
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Physics and Concordia School of Health, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tamir Avigdor
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria Ros
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tanguy Hedrich
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas von Ellenrieder
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Grova
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Physnum Team, Centre De Recherches Mathématiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Physics and Concordia School of Health, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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4
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Mukae N, Shimogawa T, Sakata A, Uehara T, Shigeto H, Yoshimoto K, Morioka T. Reflection of the Ictal Electrocorticographic Discharges Confined to the Medial Temporal Lobe to the Scalp-Recorded Electroencephalogram. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:173-178. [PMID: 34825584 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211062702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Previous reports on the simultaneous recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocorticography (ECoG) have demonstrated that, in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), ictal ECoG discharges with an amplitude as high as 1000 μV originating from the medial temporal lobe could not be recorded on EEG. In contrast, ictal EEG discharges were recorded after ictal ECoG discharges propagated to the lateral temporal lobe. Here, we report a case of TLE in which the ictal EEG discharges, corresponding to ictal ECoG discharges confined to the medial temporal lobe, were recorded. Case report: In the present case, ictal EEG discharges were hardly recognized when the amplitude of the ECoG discharges was less than 1500 μV. During the evolution and burst suppression phase, corresponding to highly synchronized ECoG discharges with amplitudes greater than 1500 to 2000 μV, rhythmic negative waves with the same frequency were clearly recorded both on the lateral temporal lobe and scalp. The amplitude of the lateral temporal ECoG was approximately one-tenth of that of the medial temporal ECoG. The amplitude of the scalp EEG was approximately one-tenth of that of the lateral temporal ECoG. Conclusions: Highly synchronized ictal ECoG discharges with high amplitude of greater than 1500 to 2000 μV in the medial temporal lobe could be recorded on the scalp as ictal EEG discharges via volume conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Mukae
- Department of Neurosurgery,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimogawa
- Department of Neurosurgery,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sakata
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taira Uehara
- Department of Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigeto
- Division of Medical Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takato Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, 91356Harasanshin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Ntolkeras G, Tamilia E, AlHilani M, Bolton J, Ellen Grant P, Prabhu SP, Madsen JR, Stufflebeam SM, Pearl PL, Papadelis C. Presurgical accuracy of dipole clustering in MRI-negative pediatric patients with epilepsy: Validation against intracranial EEG and resection. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 141:126-138. [PMID: 33875376 PMCID: PMC8803140 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of interictal magnetic and electric source imaging (MSI and ESI) using dipole clustering in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative patients with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). METHODS We localized spikes in low-density (LD-EEG) and high-density (HD-EEG) electroencephalography as well as magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings using dipoles from 11 pediatric patients. We computed each dipole's level of clustering and used it to discriminate between clustered and scattered dipoles. For each dipole, we computed the distance from seizure onset zone (SOZ) and irritative zone (IZ) defined by intracranial EEG. Finally, we assessed whether dipoles proximity to resection was predictive of outcome. RESULTS LD-EEG had lower clusterness compared to HD-EEG and MEG (p < 0.05). For all modalities, clustered dipoles showed higher proximity to SOZ and IZ than scattered (p < 0.001). Resection percentage was higher in optimal vs. suboptimal outcome patients (p < 0.001); their proximity to resection was correlated to outcome (p < 0.001). No difference in resection percentage was seen for scattered dipoles between groups. CONCLUSION MSI and ESI dipole clustering helps to localize the SOZ and IZ and facilitate the prognostic assessment of MRI-negative patients with DRE. SIGNIFICANCE Assessing the MSI and ESI clustering allows recognizing epileptogenic areas whose removal is associated with optimal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Ntolkeras
- Laboratory of Children's Brain Dynamics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora Tamilia
- Laboratory of Children's Brain Dynamics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michel AlHilani
- Laboratory of Children's Brain Dynamics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Hillingdon Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Bolton
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay P Prabhu
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Division of Epilepsy Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Stufflebeam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phillip L Pearl
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos Papadelis
- Laboratory of Children's Brain Dynamics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children's Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX, USA; School of Medicine, Texas Christian University and University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
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6
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López-Madrona VJ, Medina Villalon S, Badier JM, Trébuchon A, Jayabal V, Bartolomei F, Carron R, Barborica A, Vulliémoz S, Alario FX, Bénar CG. Magnetoencephalography can reveal deep brain network activities linked to memory processes. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4733-4749. [PMID: 35766240 PMCID: PMC9491290 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recording from deep neural structures such as hippocampus noninvasively and yet with high temporal resolution remains a major challenge for human neuroscience. Although it has been proposed that deep neuronal activity might be recordable during cognitive tasks using magnetoencephalography (MEG), this remains to be demonstrated as the contribution of deep structures to MEG recordings may be too small to be detected or might be eclipsed by the activity of large‐scale neocortical networks. In the present study, we disentangled mesial activity and large‐scale networks from the MEG signals thanks to blind source separation (BSS). We then validated the MEG BSS components using intracerebral EEG signals recorded simultaneously in patients during their presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. In the MEG signals obtained during a memory task involving the recognition of old and new images, we identified with BSS a putative mesial component, which was present in all patients and all control subjects. The time course of the component selectively correlated with stereo‐electroencephalography signals recorded from hippocampus and rhinal cortex, thus confirming its mesial origin. This finding complements previous studies with epileptic activity and opens new possibilities for using MEG to study deep brain structures in cognition and in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Medina Villalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Marseille, France
| | | | - Agnès Trébuchon
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone Hospital, Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Marseille, France
| | | | - Serge Vulliémoz
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian G Bénar
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
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7
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Cao M, Galvis D, Vogrin SJ, Woods WP, Vogrin S, Wang F, Woldman W, Terry JR, Peterson A, Plummer C, Cook MJ. Virtual intracranial EEG signals reconstructed from MEG with potential for epilepsy surgery. Nat Commun 2022; 13:994. [PMID: 35194035 PMCID: PMC8863890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling the interactions that arise from neural dynamics in seizure genesis is challenging but important in the effort to improve the success of epilepsy surgery. Dynamical network models developed from physiological evidence offer insights into rapidly evolving brain networks in the epileptic seizure. A limitation of previous studies in this field is the dependence on invasive cortical recordings with constrained spatial sampling of brain regions that might be involved in seizure dynamics. Here, we propose virtual intracranial electroencephalography (ViEEG), which combines non-invasive ictal magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEG), dynamical network models and a virtual resection technique. In this proof-of-concept study, we show that ViEEG signals reconstructed from MEG alone preserve critical temporospatial characteristics for dynamical approaches to identify brain areas involved in seizure generation. We show the non-invasive ViEEG approach may have some advantage over intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). Future work may be designed to test the potential of the virtual iEEG approach for use in surgical management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cao
- Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Galvis
- Translational Research Exchange at Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon J Vogrin
- Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Art and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William P Woods
- Faculty of Health, Art and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wessel Woldman
- Translational Research Exchange at Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John R Terry
- Translational Research Exchange at Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andre Peterson
- Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Plummer
- Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Faculty of Health, Art and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Mark J Cook
- Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Sakata A, Mukae N, Morioka T, Tanaka S, Shimogawa T, Shigeto H, Hotta T, Kang D, Mizoguchi M. Simultaneous Electroencephalographic and Electocorticographic Recordings of Lateralized Periodic Discharges in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:61-69. [PMID: 33172294 DOI: 10.1177/1550059420972266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs), which constitute an abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern, are most often observed in critically ill patients with acute pathological conditions, and are less frequently observed in chronic conditions such as focal epilepsies, including temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here we aim to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of LPD in TLE. METHODS We retrospectively selected 3 patients with drug-resistant TLE who simultaneously underwent EEG and electrocorticography (ECoG) and demonstrated LPDs. We analyzed the correlation between the EEG and ECoG findings. RESULTS In patients 1 and 2, LPDs were recorded in the temporal region of the scalp during the interictal periods, when repeated spikes followed by slow waves (spike-and-wave complexes; SWs) and periodic discharges (PDs) with amplitudes of >600 to 800 µV appeared in the lateral temporal lobe over a cortical area of >10 cm2. In patient 3, when the ictal discharges persisted and were confined to the medial temporal lobe, repeated SWs were provoked on the lateral temporal lobe. When repeated SWs with amplitudes of >800 µV appeared in an area of the lateral temporal lobe of >10 cm2, the corresponding EEG discharges appeared on the temporal scalp. CONCLUSIONS LPDs in patients with TLE originate from repeated SWs and PDs of the lateral temporal lobe, which might represent a highly irritable state of the lateral temporal cortex during both interictal and ictal periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Sakata
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mukae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takato Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harasanshin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunya Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimogawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigeto
- Division of Medical Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taeko Hotta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchong Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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9
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Mitsuhashi T, Sonoda M, Sakakura K, Jeong JW, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Dynamic tractography-based localization of spike sources and animation of spike propagations. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2372-2384. [PMID: 34324194 PMCID: PMC8487933 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to build and validate a novel dynamic tractography-based model for localizing interictal spike sources and visualizing monosynaptic spike propagations through the white matter. METHODS This cross-sectional study investigated 1900 spike events recorded in 19 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent extraoperative intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) and resective surgery. Twelve patients had mesial TLE (mTLE) without a magnetic resonance imaging-visible mass lesion. The remaining seven had a mass lesion in the temporal lobe neocortex. We identified the leading and lagging sites, defined as those initially and subsequently (but within ≤50 ms) showing spike-related augmentation of broadband iEEG activity. In each patient, we estimated the sources of 100 spike discharges using the latencies at given electrode sites and diffusion-weighted imaging-based streamline length measures. We determined whether the spatial relationship between the estimated spike sources and resection was associated with postoperative seizure outcomes. We generated videos presenting the spatiotemporal change of spike-related fiber activation sites by estimating the propagation velocity using the streamline length and spike latency measures. RESULTS The spike propagation velocity from the source was 1.03 mm/ms on average (95% confidence interval = .91-1.15) across 133 tracts noted in the 19 patients. The estimated spike sources in mTLE patients with International League Against Epilepsy Class 1 outcome were more likely to be in the resected area (83.9% vs. 72.3%, φ = .137, p < .001) and in the medial temporal lobe region (80.5% vs. 72.5%, φ = .090, p = .002) than those associated with the Class ≥2 outcomes. The resulting video successfully animated spike propagations, which were confined within the temporal lobe in mTLE but involved extratemporal lobe areas in lesional TLE. SIGNIFICANCE We have, for the first time, provided dynamic tractography visualizing the spatiotemporal profiles of rapid propagations of interictal spikes through the white matter. Dynamic tractography has the potential to serve as a unique epilepsy biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 2360004, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058575, Japan
| | - Jeong-won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F. Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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10
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Alberto GE, Stapleton-Kotloski JR, Klorig DC, Rogers ER, Constantinidis C, Daunais JB, Godwin DW. MEG source imaging detects optogenetically-induced activity in cortical and subcortical networks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5259. [PMID: 34489452 PMCID: PMC8421372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography measures neuromagnetic activity with high temporal, and theoretically, high spatial resolution. We developed an experimental platform combining MEG-compatible optogenetic techniques in nonhuman primates for use as a functional brain-mapping platform. Here we show localization of optogenetically evoked signals to known sources in the superficial arcuate sulcus of cortex and in CA3 of hippocampus at a resolution of 750 µm3. We detect activation in subcortical, thalamic, and extended temporal structures, conforming to known anatomical and functional brain networks associated with the respective sites of stimulation. This demonstrates that high-resolution localization of experimentally produced deep sources is possible within an intact brain. This approach is suitable for exploring causal relationships between discrete brain regions through precise optogenetic control and simultaneous whole brain MEG recording with high-resolution magnetic source imaging (MSI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E. Alberto
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Jennifer R. Stapleton-Kotloski
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Winston-Salem, NC USA ,grid.509341.aResearch and Education Department, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC USA
| | - David C. Klorig
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Emily R. Rogers
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - James B. Daunais
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Dwayne W. Godwin
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Winston-Salem, NC USA ,grid.509341.aResearch and Education Department, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem, NC USA
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11
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Watching Movies Unfold, a Frame-by-Frame Analysis of the Associated Neural Dynamics. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0099-21.2021. [PMID: 34193513 PMCID: PMC8272404 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0099-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our lives unfold as sequences of events. We experience these events as seamless, although they are composed of individual images captured in between the interruptions imposed by eye blinks and saccades. Events typically involve visual imagery from the real world (scenes), and the hippocampus is frequently engaged in this context. It is unclear, however, whether the hippocampus would be similarly responsive to unfolding events that involve abstract imagery. Addressing this issue could provide insights into the nature of its contribution to event processing, with relevance for theories of hippocampal function. Consequently, during magnetoencephalography (MEG), we had female and male humans watch highly matched unfolding movie events composed of either scene image frames that reflected the real world, or frames depicting abstract patterns. We examined the evoked neuronal responses to each image frame along the time course of the movie events. Only one difference between the two conditions was evident, and that was during the viewing of the first image frame of events, detectable across frontotemporal sensors. Further probing of this difference using source reconstruction revealed greater engagement of a set of brain regions across parietal, frontal, premotor, and cerebellar cortices, with the largest change in broadband (1–30 Hz) power in the hippocampus during scene-based movie events. Hippocampal engagement during the first image frame of scene-based events could reflect its role in registering a recognizable context perhaps based on templates or schemas. The hippocampus, therefore, may help to set the scene for events very early on.
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12
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Bénar CG, Velmurugan J, López-Madrona VJ, Pizzo F, Badier JM. Detection and localization of deep sources in magnetoencephalography: A review. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Bagić AI, Funke ME, Kirsch HE, Tenney JR, Zillgitt AJ, Burgess RC. The 10 Common Evidence-Supported Indications for MEG in Epilepsy Surgery: An Illustrated Compendium. J Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 37:483-497. [PMID: 33165222 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfamiliarity with the indications for and benefits of magnetoencephalography (MEG) persists, even in the epilepsy community, and hinders its acceptance to clinical practice, despite the evidence. The wide treatment gap for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and immense underutilization of epilepsy surgery had similar effects. Thus, educating referring physicians (epileptologists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons) both about the value of epilepsy surgery and about the potential benefits of MEG can achieve synergy and greatly improve the process of selecting surgical candidates. As a practical step toward a comprehensive educational process to benefit potential MEG users, current MEG referrers, and newcomers to MEG, the authors have elected to provide an illustrated guide to 10 everyday situations where MEG can help in the evaluation of people with drug-resistant epilepsy. They are as follows: (1) lacking or imprecise hypothesis regarding a seizure onset; (2) negative MRI with a mesial temporal onset suspected; (3) multiple lesions on MRI; (4) large lesion on MRI; (5) diagnostic or therapeutic reoperation; (6) ambiguous EEG findings suggestive of "bilateral" or "generalized" pattern; (7) intrasylvian onset suspected; (8) interhemispheric onset suspected; (9) insular onset suspected; and (10) negative (i.e., spikeless) EEG. Only their practical implementation and furtherance of personal and collective education will lead to the potentially impactful synergy of the two-MEG and epilepsy surgery. Thus, while fulfilling our mission as physicians, we must not forget that ignoring the wealth of evidence about the vast underutilization of epilepsy surgery - and about the usefulness and value of MEG in selecting surgical candidates - is far from benign neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto I Bagić
- University of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (UPCEC), Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Michael E Funke
- MEG Center, McGovern Medical School, UT Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Heidi E Kirsch
- UCSF Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, UCSF, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey R Tenney
- MEG Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Andrew J Zillgitt
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Health Adult Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Neurosicence Center, Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S.A.; and
| | - Richard C Burgess
- Magnetoencephalography Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
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14
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Wennberg R, Tarazi A, Zumsteg D, Garcia Dominguez L. Electromagnetic evidence that benign epileptiform transients of sleep are traveling, rotating hippocampal spikes. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2915-2925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Goodale SE, González HFJ, Johnson GW, Gupta K, Rodriguez WJ, Shults R, Rogers BP, Rolston JD, Dawant BM, Morgan VL, Englot DJ. Resting-State SEEG May Help Localize Epileptogenic Brain Regions. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:792-801. [PMID: 31814011 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) is a minimally invasive neurosurgical method to localize epileptogenic brain regions in epilepsy but requires days in the hospital with interventions to trigger several seizures. OBJECTIVE To make initial progress in the development of network analysis methods to identify epileptogenic brain regions using brief, resting-state SEEG data segments, without requiring seizure recordings. METHODS In a cohort of 15 adult focal epilepsy patients undergoing SEEG, we evaluated functional connectivity (alpha-band imaginary coherence) across sampled regions using brief (2 min) resting-state data segments. Bootstrapped logistic regression was used to generate a model to predict epileptogenicity of individual regions. RESULTS Compared to nonepileptogenic structures, we found increased functional connectivity within epileptogenic regions (P < .05) and between epileptogenic areas and other structures (P < .01, paired t-tests, corrected). Epileptogenic areas also demonstrated higher clustering coefficient (P < .01) and betweenness centrality (P < .01), and greater decay of functional connectivity with distance (P < .05, paired t-tests, corrected). Our functional connectivity model to predict epileptogenicity of individual regions demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.78 and accuracy of 80.4%. CONCLUSION Our study represents a preliminary step towards defining resting-state SEEG functional connectivity patterns to help localize epileptogenic brain regions ahead of neurosurgical treatment without requiring seizure recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Goodale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hernán F J González
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Graham W Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kanupriya Gupta
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William J Rodriguez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert Shults
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Benoit M Dawant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dario J Englot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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16
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Ishizaki T, Maesawa S, Nakatsubo D, Yamamoto H, Takai S, Shibata M, Kato S, Natsume J, Hoshiyama M, Wakabayashi T. Distributed source analysis of magnetoencephalography using a volume head model combined with statistical methods improves focus diagnosis in epilepsy surgery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5263. [PMID: 32210314 PMCID: PMC7093400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-seated epileptic focus estimation using magnetoencephalography is challenging because of its low signal-to-noise ratio and the ambiguity of current sources estimated by interictal epileptiform discharge (IED). We developed a distributed source (DS) analysis method using a volume head model as the source space of the forward model and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography combined with statistical methods (permutation tests between IEDs and baselines and false discovery rate between voxels to reduce variation). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combined DS (cDS) analysis in surgical cases. In total, 19 surgical cases with adult and pediatric focal epilepsy were evaluated. Both cDS and equivalent current dipole (ECD) analyses were performed in all cases. The concordance rates of the two methods with surgically identified epileptic foci were calculated and compared with surgical outcomes. Concordance rates from the cDS analysis were significantly higher than those from the ECD analysis (68.4% vs. 26.3%), especially in cases with deep-seated lesions, such as in the interhemispheric, fronto-temporal base, and mesial temporal structures (81.8% vs. 9.1%). Furthermore, the concordance rate correlated well with surgical outcomes. In conclusion, cDS analysis has better diagnostic performance in focal epilepsy, especially with deep-seated epileptic focus, and potentially leads to good surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ishizaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Maesawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakatsubo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sou Takai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Shibata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Natsume
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minoru Hoshiyama
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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17
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Plummer C, Vogrin SJ, Woods WP, Murphy MA, Cook MJ, Liley DTJ. Interictal and ictal source localization for epilepsy surgery using high-density EEG with MEG: a prospective long-term study. Brain 2019; 142:932-951. [PMID: 30805596 PMCID: PMC6459284 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant focal epilepsy is a major clinical problem and surgery is under-used. Better non-invasive techniques for epileptogenic zone localization are needed when MRI shows no lesion or an extensive lesion. The problem is interictal and ictal localization before propagation from the epileptogenic zone. High-density EEG (HDEEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) offer millisecond-order temporal resolution to address this but co-acquisition is challenging, ictal MEG studies are rare, long-term prospective studies are lacking, and fundamental questions remain. Should HDEEG-MEG discharges be assessed independently [electroencephalographic source localization (ESL), magnetoencephalographic source localization (MSL)] or combined (EMSL) for source localization? Which phase of the discharge best characterizes the epileptogenic zone (defined by intracranial EEG and surgical resection relative to outcome)? Does this differ for interictal and ictal discharges? Does MEG detect mesial temporal lobe discharges? Thirteen patients (10 non-lesional, three extensive-lesional) underwent synchronized HDEEG-MEG (72–94 channel EEG, 306-sensor MEG). Source localization (standardized low-resolution tomographic analysis with MRI patient-individualized boundary-element method) was applied to averaged interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) and ictal discharges at three phases: ‘early-phase’ (first latency 90% explained variance), ‘mid-phase’ (first of 50% rising-phase, 50% mean global field power), ‘late-phase’ (negative peak). ‘Earliest-solution’ was the first of the three early-phase solutions (ESL, MSL, EMSL). Prospective follow-up was 3–21 (median 12) months before surgery, 14–39 (median 21) months after surgery. IEDs (n = 1474) were recorded, seen in: HDEEG only, 626 (42%); MEG only, 232 (16%); and both 616 (42%). Thirty-three seizures were captured, seen in: HDEEG only, seven (21%); MEG only, one (3%); and both 25 (76%). Intracranial EEG was done in nine patients. Engel scores were I (9/13, 69%), II (2/13,15%), and III (2/13). MEG detected baso-mesial temporal lobe epileptogenic zone sources. Epileptogenic zone OR [odds ratio(s)] were significantly higher for earliest-solution versus early-phase IED-surgical resection and earliest-solution versus all mid-phase and late-phase solutions. ESL outperformed EMSL for ictal-surgical resection [OR 3.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–11.55, P = 0.036]. MSL outperformed EMSL for IED-intracranial EEG (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.19–18.34, P = 0.027). ESL outperformed MSL for ictal-surgical resection (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.16–12.03, P = 0.028) but was outperformed by MSL for IED-intracranial EEG (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.73, P = 0.017). Thus, (i) HDEEG and MEG source solutions more accurately localize the epileptogenic zone at the earliest resolvable phase of interictal and ictal discharges, not mid-phase (as is common practice) or late peak-phase (when signal-to-noise ratios are maximal); (ii) from empirical observation of the differential timing of HDEEG and MEG discharges and based on the superiority of ESL plus MSL over either modality alone and over EMSL, concurrent HDEEG-MEG signals should be assessed independently, not combined; (iii) baso-mesial temporal lobe sources are detectable by MEG; and (iv) MEG is not ‘more accurate’ than HDEEG—emphasis is best placed on the earliest signal (whether HDEEG or MEG) amenable to source localization. Our findings challenge current practice and our reliance on invasive monitoring in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Plummer
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Simon J Vogrin
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - William P Woods
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Michael A Murphy
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark J Cook
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Graeme Clark Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David T J Liley
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
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18
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Barry DN, Tierney TM, Holmes N, Boto E, Roberts G, Leggett J, Bowtell R, Brookes MJ, Barnes GR, Maguire EA. Imaging the human hippocampus with optically-pumped magnetoencephalography. Neuroimage 2019; 203:116192. [PMID: 31521823 PMCID: PMC6854457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically-pumped (OP) magnetometers allow magnetoencephalography (MEG) to be performed while a participant's head is unconstrained. To fully leverage this new technology, and in particular its capacity for mobility, the activity of deep brain structures which facilitate explorative behaviours such as navigation, must be detectable using OP-MEG. One such crucial brain region is the hippocampus. Here we had three healthy adult participants perform a hippocampal-dependent task - the imagination of novel scene imagery - while being scanned using OP-MEG. A conjunction analysis across these three participants revealed a significant change in theta power in the medial temporal lobe. The peak of this activated cluster was located in the anterior hippocampus. We repeated the experiment with the same participants in a conventional SQUID-MEG scanner and found similar engagement of the medial temporal lobe, also with a peak in the anterior hippocampus. These OP-MEG findings indicate exciting new opportunities for investigating the neural correlates of a range of crucial cognitive functions in naturalistic contexts including spatial navigation, episodic memory and social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Barry
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Tim M Tierney
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Elena Boto
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gillian Roberts
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James Leggett
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gareth R Barnes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Eleanor A Maguire
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
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19
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Shih JJ. Combining Electrical and Magnetic Fields for Source Analysis: A(n) Attractive or Repelling Thought. Epilepsy Curr 2019; 19:291-293. [PMID: 31418289 PMCID: PMC6864579 DOI: 10.1177/1535759719868692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Workup of Patients With Epilepsy: A Prospective Study. Duez L, Tankisi H, Hansen PO, et al. Neurology. 2019;92(6):e576-e586. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000006877. Epub 2019 Jan 4. PMID: 30610090 Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of electromagnetic source imaging (EMSI) in presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy. Methods: We prospectively recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) simultaneously with electroencephalogram (EEG) and performed EMSI, comprising electric source imaging, magnetic source imaging, and analysis of combined MEG-EEG data sets, using 2 different software packages. As reference standard for irritative zone (IZ) and seizure onset zone (SOZ), we used intracranial recordings and for localization accuracy outcome 1 year after operation. Results: We included 141 consecutive patients. Electromagnetic source imaging showed localized epileptiform discharges in 94 (67%) patients. Most (72%) of the epileptiform discharge clusters were identified by both modalities, 15% only by EEG, and 14% only by MEG. Agreement was substantial between inverse solutions and moderate between software packages. Electromagnetic source imaging provided new information that changed the management plan in 34% of the patients, and these changes were useful in 80%. Depending on the method, EMSI had a concordance of 53% to 89% with IZ and 35% to 73% with SOZ. Localization accuracy of EMSI was between 44% and 57% which was not significantly different from magnetic resonance imaging (49%-76%) and PET (54%-85%). Combined EMSI achieved significantly higher odds ratio compared to electric source imaging and magnetic source imaging. Conclusion: Electromagnetic source imaging has accuracy similar to established imaging methods and provides clinically useful, new information in 34% of the patients. Classification of evidence: This study provides class IV evidence that EMSI had a concordance of 53% to 89% and 35% to 73% (depending on analysis) for the localization of epileptic focus when compared to intracranial recordings (IZ and SOZ), respectively.
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20
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Ruzich E, Crespo‐García M, Dalal SS, Schneiderman JF. Characterizing hippocampal dynamics with MEG: A systematic review and evidence-based guidelines. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:1353-1375. [PMID: 30378210 PMCID: PMC6456020 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus, a hub of activity for a variety of important cognitive processes, is a target of increasing interest for researchers and clinicians. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an attractive technique for imaging spectro-temporal aspects of function, for example, neural oscillations and network timing, especially in shallow cortical structures. However, the decrease in MEG signal-to-noise ratio as a function of source depth implies that the utility of MEG for investigations of deeper brain structures, including the hippocampus, is less clear. To determine whether MEG can be used to detect and localize activity from the hippocampus, we executed a systematic review of the existing literature and found successful detection of oscillatory neural activity originating in the hippocampus with MEG. Prerequisites are the use of established experimental paradigms, adequate coregistration, forward modeling, analysis methods, optimization of signal-to-noise ratios, and protocol trial designs that maximize contrast for hippocampal activity while minimizing those from other brain regions. While localizing activity to specific sub-structures within the hippocampus has not been achieved, we provide recommendations for improving the reliability of such endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ruzich
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MedTech West, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy & the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | | | - Sarang S. Dalal
- Center of Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Justin F. Schneiderman
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MedTech West, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy & the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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21
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Pizzo F, Roehri N, Medina Villalon S, Trébuchon A, Chen S, Lagarde S, Carron R, Gavaret M, Giusiano B, McGonigal A, Bartolomei F, Badier JM, Bénar CG. Deep brain activities can be detected with magnetoencephalography. Nat Commun 2019; 10:971. [PMID: 30814498 PMCID: PMC6393515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus and amygdala are key brain structures of the medial temporal lobe, involved in cognitive and emotional processes as well as pathological states such as epilepsy. Despite their importance, it is still unclear whether their neural activity can be recorded non-invasively. Here, using simultaneous intracerebral and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings in patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy, we demonstrate a direct contribution of amygdala and hippocampal activity to surface MEG recordings. In particular, a method of blind source separation, independent component analysis, enabled activity arising from large neocortical networks to be disentangled from that of deeper structures, whose amplitude at the surface was small but significant. This finding is highly relevant for our understanding of hippocampal and amygdala brain activity as it implies that their activity could potentially be measured non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pizzo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France.
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and cerebral rhythmology, Marseille, 13005, France.
| | - N Roehri
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - S Medina Villalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and cerebral rhythmology, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - A Trébuchon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and cerebral rhythmology, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - S Chen
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - S Lagarde
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and cerebral rhythmology, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - R Carron
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - M Gavaret
- INSERM UMR894, Paris Descartes university, GHU Paris Psychiatrie Neurosciences, 75013, Paris, France
| | - B Giusiano
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - A McGonigal
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and cerebral rhythmology, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - F Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and cerebral rhythmology, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - J M Badier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - C G Bénar
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France.
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22
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Deep Source Localization with Magnetoencephalography Based on Sensor Array Decomposition and Beamforming. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17081860. [PMID: 28800118 PMCID: PMC5579488 DOI: 10.3390/s17081860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the source localization technique of magnetoencephalography (MEG) has played a prominent role in cognitive neuroscience and in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychological disorders. However, locating deep brain activities such as in the mesial temporal structures, especially in preoperative evaluation of epilepsy patients, may be more challenging. In this work we have proposed a modified beamforming approach for finding deep sources. First, an iterative spatiotemporal signal decomposition was employed for reconstructing the sensor arrays, which could characterize the intrinsic discriminant features for interpreting sensor signals. Next, a sensor covariance matrix was estimated under the new reconstructed space. Then, a well-known vector beamforming approach, which was a linearly constraint minimum variance (LCMV) approach, was applied to compute the solution for the inverse problem. It can be shown that the proposed source localization approach can give better localization accuracy than two other commonly-used beamforming methods (LCMV, MUSIC) in simulated MEG measurements generated with deep sources. Further, we applied the proposed approach to real MEG data recorded from ten patients with medically-refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) for finding epileptogenic zone(s), and there was a good agreement between those findings by the proposed approach and the clinical comprehensive results.
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23
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Wang Q, Teng P, Luan G. Magnetoencephalography in Preoperative Epileptic Foci Localization: Enlightenment from Cognitive Studies. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:58. [PMID: 28701945 PMCID: PMC5487414 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 30% epileptic patients are refractory to medication, who are amenable to neurosurgical treatment. Non-invasive brain imaging technologies including video-electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are widely used in presurgical assessment of epileptic patients. This review mainly discussed the current development of clinical MEG imaging as a diagnose approach, and its correlations with the golden standard intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG). More importantly, this review discussed the possible applications of functional networks in preoperative epileptic foci localization in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Pengfei Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Guoming Luan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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24
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Ioannides AA, Liu L, Poghosyan V, Kostopoulos GK. Using MEG to Understand the Progression of Light Sleep and the Emergence and Functional Roles of Spindles and K-Complexes. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:313. [PMID: 28670270 PMCID: PMC5472839 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used tomographic analysis of MEG signals to characterize regional spectral changes in the brain at sleep onset and during light sleep. We identified two key processes that may causally link to loss of consciousness during the quiet or "core" periods of NREM1. First, active inhibition in the frontal lobe leads to delta and theta spectral power increases. Second, activation suppression leads to sharp drop of spectral power in alpha and higher frequencies in posterior parietal cortex. During NREM2 core periods, the changes identified in NREM1 become more widespread, but focal increases also emerge in alpha and low sigma band power in frontal midline cortical structures, suggesting reemergence of some monitoring of internal and external environment. Just before spindles and K-complexes (KCs), the hallmarks of NREM2, we identified focal spectral power changes in pre-frontal cortex, mid cingulate, and areas involved in environmental and internal monitoring, i.e., the rostral and sub-genual anterior cingulate. During both spindles and KCs, alpha and low sigma bands increases. Spindles emerge after further active inhibition (increase in delta power) of the frontal areas responsible for environmental monitoring, while in posterior parietal cortex, power increases in low and high sigma bands. KCs are correlated with increase in alpha power in the monitoring areas. These specific regional changes suggest strong and varied vigilance changes for KCs, but vigilance suppression and sharpening of cognitive processing for spindles. This is consistent with processes designed to ensure accurate and uncorrupted memory consolidation. The changes during KCs suggest a sentinel role: evaluation of the salience of provoking events to decide whether to increase processing and possibly wake up, or to actively inhibit further processing of intruding influences. The regional spectral patterns of NREM1, NREM2, and their dynamic changes just before spindles and KCs reveal an edge effect facilitating the emergence of spindles and KCs and defining the precise loci where they might emerge. In the time domain, the spindles are seen in widespread areas of the cortex just as reported from analysis of intracranial data, consistent with the emerging consensus of a differential topography that depends on the kind of memory stored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Ioannides
- Laboratory for Human Brain Dynamics, AAI Scientific Cultural Services Ltd.Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Lichan Liu
- Laboratory for Human Brain Dynamics, AAI Scientific Cultural Services Ltd.Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vahe Poghosyan
- Laboratory for Human Brain Dynamics, AAI Scientific Cultural Services Ltd.Nicosia, Cyprus
- MEG Unit, Department of Neurophysiology, King Fahad Medical CityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - George K. Kostopoulos
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of PatrasRion, Greece
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25
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SISSY: An efficient and automatic algorithm for the analysis of EEG sources based on structured sparsity. Neuroimage 2017; 157:157-172. [PMID: 28576413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, a multitude of different brain source imaging algorithms have been developed to identify the neural generators underlying the surface electroencephalography measurements. While most of these techniques focus on determining the source positions, only a small number of recently developed algorithms provides an indication of the spatial extent of the distributed sources. In a recent comparison of brain source imaging approaches, the VB-SCCD algorithm has been shown to be one of the most promising algorithms among these methods. However, this technique suffers from several problems: it leads to amplitude-biased source estimates, it has difficulties in separating close sources, and it has a high computational complexity due to its implementation using second order cone programming. To overcome these problems, we propose to include an additional regularization term that imposes sparsity in the original source domain and to solve the resulting optimization problem using the alternating direction method of multipliers. Furthermore, we show that the algorithm yields more robust solutions by taking into account the temporal structure of the data. We also propose a new method to automatically threshold the estimated source distribution, which permits to delineate the active brain regions. The new algorithm, called Source Imaging based on Structured Sparsity (SISSY), is analyzed by means of realistic computer simulations and is validated on the clinical data of four patients.
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26
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Shirozu H, Hashizume A, Masuda H, Fukuda M, Ito Y, Nakayama Y, Higashijima T, Kameyama S. Spatiotemporal Accuracy of Gradient Magnetic-Field Topography (GMFT) Confirmed by Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Intracranial Electroencephalography Recordings in Patients with Intractable Epilepsy. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:65. [PMID: 27594827 PMCID: PMC4990550 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gradient magnetic-field topography (GMFT) is one method for analyzing magnetoencephalography (MEG) and representing the spatiotemporal dynamics of activity on the brain surface. In contrast to spatial filters, GMFT does not include a process reconstructing sources by mixing sensor signals with adequate weighting. Consequently, noisy sensors have localized and limited effects on the results, and GMFT can handle MEG recordings with low signal-to-noise ratio. This property is derived from the principle of the planar-type gradiometer, which obtains maximum gradient magnetic-field signals just above the electrical current source. We assumed that this characteristic allows GMFT to represent even faint changes in brain activities that cannot be achieved with conventional equivalent current dipole analysis or spatial filters. GMFT is thus hypothesized to represent brain surface activities from onset to propagation of epileptic discharges. This study aimed to validate the spatiotemporal accuracy of GMFT by analyzing epileptic activities using simultaneous MEG and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings. Participants in this study comprised 12 patients with intractable epilepsy. Epileptic spikes simultaneously detected on both MEG and iEEG were analyzed by GMFT and voltage topography (VT), respectively. Discrepancies in spatial distribution between GMFT and VT were evaluated for each epileptic spike. On the lateral cortices, areas of GMFT activity onset were almost concordant with VT activities arising at the gyral unit level (concordance rate, 66.7-100%). Median time lag between GMFT and VT at onset in each patient was 11.0-42.0 ms. On the temporal base, VT represented basal activities, whereas GMFT failed but instead represented propagated activities of the lateral temporal cortices. Activities limited to within the basal temporal or deep brain region were not reflected on GMFT. In conclusion, GMFT appears to accurately represent brain activities of the lateral cortices at the gyral unit level. The slight time lag between GMFT and VT is likely attributable to differences in the detection principles underlying MEG and iEEG. GMFT has great potential for investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of lateral brain surface activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shirozu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Hashizume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Takanobashi Central Hospital Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukuda
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ito
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakayama
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Takefumi Higashijima
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kameyama
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
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27
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Grova C, Aiguabella M, Zelmann R, Lina JM, Hall JA, Kobayashi E. Intracranial EEG potentials estimated from MEG sources: A new approach to correlate MEG and iEEG data in epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1661-83. [PMID: 26931511 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of epileptic spikes in MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) requires synchronized neuronal activity over a minimum of 4cm2. We previously validated the Maximum Entropy on the Mean (MEM) as a source localization able to recover the spatial extent of the epileptic spike generators. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantitatively, using intracranial EEG (iEEG), the spatial extent recovered from MEG sources by estimating iEEG potentials generated by these MEG sources. We evaluated five patients with focal epilepsy who had a pre-operative MEG acquisition and iEEG with MRI-compatible electrodes. Individual MEG epileptic spikes were localized along the cortical surface segmented from a pre-operative MRI, which was co-registered with the MRI obtained with iEEG electrodes in place for identification of iEEG contacts. An iEEG forward model estimated the influence of every dipolar source of the cortical surface on each iEEG contact. This iEEG forward model was applied to MEG sources to estimate iEEG potentials that would have been generated by these sources. MEG-estimated iEEG potentials were compared with measured iEEG potentials using four source localization methods: two variants of MEM and two standard methods equivalent to minimum norm and LORETA estimates. Our results demonstrated an excellent MEG/iEEG correspondence in the presumed focus for four out of five patients. In one patient, the deep generator identified in iEEG could not be localized in MEG. MEG-estimated iEEG potentials is a promising method to evaluate which MEG sources could be retrieved and validated with iEEG data, providing accurate results especially when applied to MEM localizations. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1661-1683, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Grova
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Physics Department and PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre De Recherches En Mathématiques, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria Aiguabella
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Centre De Recherches En Mathématiques, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Electrical Engineering Department, Ecole De Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre D'etudes Avancées En Médecine Du Sommeil, Centre De Recherche De L'hôpital Sacré-Coeur De Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Chatani H, Hagiwara K, Hironaga N, Ogata K, Shigeto H, Morioka T, Sakata A, Hashiguchi K, Murakami N, Uehara T, Kira JI, Tobimatsu S. Neuromagnetic evidence for hippocampal modulation of auditory processing. Neuroimage 2015; 124:256-266. [PMID: 26363346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is well known to be involved in memory, as well as in perceptual processing. To date, the electrophysiological process by which unilateral hippocampal lesions, such as hippocampal sclerosis (HS), modulate the auditory processing remains unknown. Auditory-evoked magnetic fields (AEFs) are valuable for evaluating auditory functions, because M100, a major component of AEFs, originates from auditory areas. Therefore, AEFs of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE, n=17) with unilateral HS were compared with those of healthy (HC, n=17) and disease controls (n=9), thereby determining whether AEFs were indicative of hippocampal influences on the auditory processing. Monaural tone-burst stimuli were presented for each side, followed by analysis of M100 and a previously less characterized exogenous component (M400: 300-500ms). The frequency of acceptable M100 dipoles was significantly decreased in the HS side. Beam-forming-based source localization analysis also showed decreased activity of the auditory area, which corresponded to the inadequately estimated dipoles. M400 was found to be related to the medial temporal structure on the HS side. Volumetric analysis was also performed, focusing on the auditory-related areas (planum temporale, Heschl's gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus), as well as the hippocampus. M100 amplitudes positively correlated with hippocampal and planum temporale volumes in the HC group, whereas they negatively correlated with Heschl's gyrus volume in the mTLE group. Interestingly, significantly enhanced M400 component was observed in the HS side of the mTLE patients. In addition, the M400 component positively correlated with Heschl's gyrus volume and tended to positively correlate with disease duration. M400 was markedly diminished after hippocampal resection. Although volumetric analysis showed decreased hippocampal volume in the HS side, the planum temporale and Heschl's gyrus, the two major sources of M100, were preserved. These results suggested that HS significantly influenced AEFs. Therefore, we concluded that the hippocampus modulates auditory processing differently under normal conditions and in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Chatani
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naruhito Hironaga
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ogata
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigeto
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takato Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu-Rosai Hospital, Kitakyushu 800-0296, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sakata
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuya Murakami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taira Uehara
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shozo Tobimatsu
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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29
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Stylianou P, Hoffmann C, Blat I, Harnof S. Neuroimaging for patient selection for medial temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: Part 1 Structural neuroimaging. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 23:14-22. [PMID: 26362835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of part one of this review is to present the structural neuroimaging techniques that are currently used to evaluate patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and to discuss their potential to define patient eligibility for medial temporal lobe surgery. A PubMed query, using Medline and Embase, and subsequent review, was performed for all English language studies published after 1990, reporting neuroimaging methods for the evaluation of patients with TLE. The extracted data included demographic variables, population and study design, imaging methods, gold standard methods, imaging findings, surgical outcomes and conclusions. Overall, 56 papers were reviewed, including a total of 1517 patients. This review highlights the following structural neuroimaging techniques: MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, tractography, electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. The developments in neuroimaging during the last decades have led to remarkable improvements in surgical precision, postsurgical outcome, prognosis, and the rate of seizure control in patients with TLE. The use of multiple imaging methods provides improved outcomes, and further improvements will be possible with future studies of larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Stylianou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Nissim Aloni 16, Tel Aviv-Yafo 62919, Israel.
| | - Chen Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilan Blat
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sagi Harnof
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Nissim Aloni 16, Tel Aviv-Yafo 62919, Israel
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Englot DJ, Hinkley LB, Kort NS, Imber BS, Mizuiri D, Honma SM, Findlay AM, Garrett C, Cheung PL, Mantle M, Tarapore PE, Knowlton RC, Chang EF, Kirsch HE, Nagarajan SS. Global and regional functional connectivity maps of neural oscillations in focal epilepsy. Brain 2015; 138:2249-62. [PMID: 25981965 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intractable focal epilepsy is a devastating disorder with profound effects on cognition and quality of life. Epilepsy surgery can lead to seizure freedom in patients with focal epilepsy; however, sometimes it fails due to an incomplete delineation of the epileptogenic zone. Brain networks in epilepsy can be studied with resting-state functional connectivity analysis, yet previous investigations using functional magnetic resonance imaging or electrocorticography have produced inconsistent results. Magnetoencephalography allows non-invasive whole-brain recordings, and can be used to study both long-range network disturbances in focal epilepsy and regional connectivity at the epileptogenic zone. In magnetoencephalography recordings from presurgical epilepsy patients, we examined: (i) global functional connectivity maps in patients versus controls; and (ii) regional functional connectivity maps at the region of resection, compared to the homotopic non-epileptogenic region in the contralateral hemisphere. Sixty-one patients were studied, including 30 with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and 31 with focal neocortical epilepsy. Compared with a group of 31 controls, patients with epilepsy had decreased resting-state functional connectivity in widespread regions, including perisylvian, posterior temporo-parietal, and orbitofrontal cortices (P < 0.01, t-test). Decreased mean global connectivity was related to longer duration of epilepsy and higher frequency of consciousness-impairing seizures (P < 0.01, linear regression). Furthermore, patients with increased regional connectivity within the resection site (n = 24) were more likely to achieve seizure postoperative seizure freedom (87.5% with Engel I outcome) than those with neutral (n = 15, 64.3% seizure free) or decreased (n = 23, 47.8% seizure free) regional connectivity (P < 0.02, chi-square). Widespread global decreases in functional connectivity are observed in patients with focal epilepsy, and may reflect deleterious long-term effects of recurrent seizures. Furthermore, enhanced regional functional connectivity at the area of resection may help predict seizure outcome and aid surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario J Englot
- 1 UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leighton B Hinkley
- 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Naomi S Kort
- 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brandon S Imber
- 1 UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susanne M Honma
- 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne M Findlay
- 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Coleman Garrett
- 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paige L Cheung
- 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary Mantle
- 1 UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phiroz E Tarapore
- 1 UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert C Knowlton
- 1 UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 4 Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- 1 UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Heidi E Kirsch
- 1 UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 4 Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- 1 UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 3 Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Kharkar S, Knowlton R. Magnetoencephalography in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 46:19-26. [PMID: 25555504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an important tool in the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically refractory epilepsy. The appropriate utilization and interpretation of MEG studies can increase the proportion of patients who may be able to further pursue surgical evaluation, refine surgical planning, and potentially increase the probability of seizure freedom after surgery. The aim of this paper is to provide the reader with a comprehensive but accessible guide to MEG, with particular emphasis on acquiring a working knowledge of MEG analysis, identifying patient groups that are most likely to benefit, and clarifying the limitations of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Knowlton
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, USA
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Englot DJ, Nagarajan SS, Imber BS, Raygor KP, Honma SM, Mizuiri D, Mantle M, Knowlton RC, Kirsch HE, Chang EF. Epileptogenic zone localization using magnetoencephalography predicts seizure freedom in epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 2015; 56:949-58. [PMID: 25921215 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The efficacy of epilepsy surgery depends critically upon successful localization of the epileptogenic zone. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) enables noninvasive detection of interictal spike activity in epilepsy, which can then be localized in three dimensions using magnetic source imaging (MSI) techniques. However, the clinical value of MEG in the presurgical epilepsy evaluation is not fully understood, as studies to date are limited by either a lack of long-term seizure outcomes or small sample size. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with focal epilepsy who received MEG for interictal spike mapping followed by surgical resection at our institution. RESULTS We studied 132 surgical patients, with mean postoperative follow-up of 3.6 years (minimum 1 year). Dipole source modeling was successful in 103 patients (78%), whereas no interictal spikes were seen in others. Among patients with successful dipole modeling, MEG findings were concordant with and specific to the following: (1) the region of resection in 66% of patients, (2) invasive electrocorticography (ECoG) findings in 67% of individuals, and (3) the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormality in 74% of cases. MEG showed discordant lateralization in ~5% of cases. After surgery, 70% of all patients achieved seizure freedom (Engel class I outcome). Whereas 85% of patients with concordant and specific MEG findings became seizure-free, this outcome was achieved by only 37% of individuals with MEG findings that were nonspecific to or discordant with the region of resection (χ(2) = 26.4, p < 0.001). MEG reliability was comparable in patients with or without localized scalp electroencephalography (EEG), and overall, localizing MEG findings predicted seizure freedom with an odds ratio of 5.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23-11.8). SIGNIFICANCE MEG is a valuable tool for noninvasive interictal spike mapping in epilepsy surgery, including patients with nonlocalized findings receiving long-term EEG monitoring, and localization of the epileptogenic zone using MEG is associated with improved seizure outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario J Englot
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Brandon S Imber
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Kunal P Raygor
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Susanne M Honma
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Mary Mantle
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Robert C Knowlton
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Heidi E Kirsch
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Edward F Chang
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,Biomagnetic Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
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Becker H, Albera L, Comon P, Haardt M, Birot G, Wendling F, Gavaret M, Bénar CG, Merlet I. EEG extended source localization: tensor-based vs. conventional methods. Neuroimage 2014; 96:143-57. [PMID: 24662577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization of brain sources based on EEG measurements is a topic that has attracted a lot of attention in the last decades and many different source localization algorithms have been proposed. However, their performance is limited in the case of several simultaneously active brain regions and low signal-to-noise ratios. To overcome these problems, tensor-based preprocessing can be applied, which consists in constructing a space-time-frequency (STF) or space-time-wave-vector (STWV) tensor and decomposing it using the Canonical Polyadic (CP) decomposition. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for the accurate localization of extended sources based on the results of the tensor decomposition. Furthermore, we conduct a detailed study of the tensor-based preprocessing methods, including an analysis of their theoretical foundation, their computational complexity, and their performance for realistic simulated data in comparison to conventional source localization algorithms such as sLORETA, cortical LORETA (cLORETA), and 4-ExSo-MUSIC. Our objective consists, on the one hand, in demonstrating the gain in performance that can be achieved by tensor-based preprocessing, and, on the other hand, in pointing out the limits and drawbacks of this method. Finally, we validate the STF and STWV techniques on real measurements to demonstrate their usefulness for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Becker
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, I3S, UMR 7271, F-06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; INSERM, U1099, Rennes F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes F-35000, France; GIPSA-Lab, CNRS UMR5216, Grenoble Campus BP.46, F-38402 St Martin d'Heres Cedex, France
| | - L Albera
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes F-35000, France; Centre INRIA Rennes-Bretagne Atlantique, Rennes F-35042, France.
| | - P Comon
- GIPSA-Lab, CNRS UMR5216, Grenoble Campus BP.46, F-38402 St Martin d'Heres Cedex, France
| | - M Haardt
- Ilmenau University of Technology, Communications Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 10 05 65, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - G Birot
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - F Wendling
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - M Gavaret
- INSERM, UMR 1106, F-13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, F-13005 Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hopital Timone, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - C G Bénar
- INSERM, UMR 1106, F-13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - I Merlet
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes F-35000, France
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Wennberg R, Cheyne D. Reliability of MEG source imaging of anterior temporal spikes: analysis of an intracranially characterized spike focus. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:903-18. [PMID: 24210513 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the reliability of MEG source imaging (MSI) of anterior temporal spikes through detailed analysis of the localization and orientation of source solutions obtained for a large number of spikes that were separately confirmed by intracranial EEG to be focally generated within a single, well-characterized spike focus. METHODS MSI was performed on 64 identical right anterior temporal spikes from an anterolateral temporal neocortical spike focus. The effects of different volume conductors (sphere and realistic head model), removal of noise with low frequency filters (LFFs) and averaging multiple spikes were assessed in terms of the reliability of the source solutions. RESULTS MSI of single spikes resulted in scattered dipole source solutions that showed reasonable reliability for localization at the lobar level, but only for solutions with a goodness-of-fit exceeding 80% using a LFF of 3 Hz. Reliability at a finer level of intralobar localization was limited. Spike averaging significantly improved the reliability of source solutions and averaging 8 or more spikes reduced dependency on goodness-of-fit and data filtering. CONCLUSIONS MSI performed on topographically identical individual spikes from an intracranially defined classical anterior temporal lobe spike focus was limited by low reliability (i.e., scattered source solutions) in terms of fine, sublobar localization within the ipsilateral temporal lobe. Spike averaging significantly improved reliability. SIGNIFICANCE MSI performed on individual anterior temporal spikes is limited by low reliability. Reduction of background noise through spike averaging significantly improves the reliability of MSI solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wennberg
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Douglas Cheyne
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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de Gooijer-van de Groep KL, Leijten FSS, Ferrier CH, Huiskamp GJM. Inverse modeling in magnetic source imaging: Comparison of MUSIC, SAM(g2), and sLORETA to interictal intracranial EEG. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:2032-44. [PMID: 22431346 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is used in the presurgical work-up of patients with focal epilepsy. In particular, localization of MEG interictal spikes may guide or replace invasive electroencephalography monitoring that is required in difficult cases. From literature, it is not clear which MEG source localization method performs best in this clinical setting. Therefore, we applied three source localization methods to the same data from a large patient group for which a gold standard, interictal spikes as identified in electrocorticography (ECoG), was available. The methods used were multiple signal classification (MUSIC), Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry kurtosis [SAM(g2)], and standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. MEG and ECoG data from 38 patients with refractory focal epilepsy were obtained. Results of the three source localization methods applied to the interictal MEG data were assigned to predefined anatomical regions. Interictal spikes as identified in ECoG were also assigned to these regions. Identified regions by each MEG method were compared to ECoG. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of each MEG method were calculated. All three MEG methods showed a similar overall correlate with ECoG spikes, but the methods differ in which regions they detect. The choice of the inverse model thus has an unexpected influence on the results of magnetic source imaging. Combining inverse methods and seeking consensus can be used to improve specificity at the cost of some sensitivity. Combining MUSIC with SAM(g2) gives the best results (sensitivity = 38% and PPV = 82%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin L de Gooijer-van de Groep
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wennberg R, Valiante T, Cheyne D. EEG and MEG in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: where do the spikes really come from? Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:1295-313. [PMID: 21292549 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is persistent debate as to whether or not EEG and MEG recordings in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) can detect mesial temporal interictal epileptiform discharges (spikes), and this issue is particularly relevant for source localization studies. With the aim of providing direct evidence pertinent to this debate we present detailed examples of the intracranial sources of spikes recorded with EEG and MEG in MTLE. METHODS Spikes recorded in five different patients with MTLE during intracranial EEG (n=2), intraoperative electrocorticography (ECOG; n=1), combined scalp-intracranial EEG (n=2) and combined EEG-MEG (n=1) were analyzed and the intracranial sources of the spike foci were matched with their corresponding extracranial EEG and/or MEG fields. EEG and MEG dipole source localization was performed on six independent spike foci identified in one representative patient with bilateral MTLE. RESULTS Spikes with an electrical field maximal at F7/8, F9/10≥T3/4 were generated in the anterolateral temporal neocortex. The absence of coincident spiking at mesial locations indicated that these were not propagated from or to the hippocampus. Spikes with an electrical field maximal at T3/4≥T9/10 were generated in the lateral temporal neocortex and likewise did not involve the hippocampus. Individual spikes generated in the mesiobasal temporal neocortex, including the fusiform gyrus, were difficult to detect with EEG (low amplitude diphasic waves most apparent after spike averaging at T3/4, T9/10≥T5/6, P9/10) and only slightly more identifiable with MEG. Spikes generated within and confined to the mesial temporal structures, as confirmed by intracranial recordings, could not be detected with EEG or MEG. Notably, such spikes could not be detected even at intracranial recording sites on the lateral surface of the temporal lobe. CONCLUSIONS We present detailed evidence in a small case series showing that typical anterior temporal spikes recorded with EEG and MEG in MTLE arose from the anterolateral temporal neocortex and were neither propagated from nor to the hippocampus. Mid temporal EEG spikes were localized to the lateral temporal neocortex. Intracranially detected mesial temporal spikes were not detected with EEG or MEG. SIGNIFICANCE The spikes recorded with EEG and MEG in MTLE are localized to neocortical foci, and not to the mesial temporal structures. Current noninvasive EEG and MEG source localization studies cannot accurately identify true mesial temporal spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wennberg
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8.
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Stefan H, Rampp S, Knowlton RC. Magnetoencephalography adds to the surgical evaluation process. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 20:172-7. [PMID: 20934391 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Summarizing the podium discussion at the AES 2009, strengths and limitations of magnetoencephalography (MEG) are discussed with regard to basic methodological and clinical aspects in routine screening and presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsies. Current literature and example cases are used to illustrate MEG contribution to clinical decision making, specifically whether a patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy can move forward to epilepsy surgery. The main conclusion is that the largest role of MEG, as presently performed in the clinical environment, is to increase the number of patients who can go on to surgery, while it should not be used to deny surgery to any patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stefan
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Clinic, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg at Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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Noebels J. A perfect storm: Converging paths of epilepsy and Alzheimer's dementia intersect in the hippocampal formation. Epilepsia 2011; 52 Suppl 1:39-46. [PMID: 21214538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Seizures in the human temporal lobe transiently impair cognition and steadily damage hippocampal circuitry, leading to progressive memory loss. Similarly, the toxic accumulation of Aβ peptides underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) triggers synaptic degeneration, circuit remodeling, and abnormal synchronization within the same networks. Because neuronal hyperexcitability amplifies the synaptic release of Aβ, seizures create a vicious spiral that accelerates cell death and cognitive decline in the AD brain. The confluence of hyperexcitability and excitotoxicity, combined with the challenge of seizure detection in the human hippocampus, make epilepsy in these individuals extremely important to correctly diagnose and treat. Emerging clinical evidence reveals an elevated comorbidity of epilepsy in AD, particularly when linked to mutations in the APP/Aβ gene pathway. Experimental models in genetically engineered mice confirm and extend these findings, highlighting the presence of subclinical seizures and overlapping pathophysiologic cascades. There is an urgent need for more clinical and basic investigation to improve the early recognition of hippocampal seizures arising during the course of dementing disorders, and to validate molecular blockers of Aβ-induced aberrant excitability that can slow and potentially reverse the progression of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Noebels
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Fukao K, Inoue Y, Yagi K. Magnetoencephalographic correlates of different types of aura in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2010; 51:1846-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaiboriboon K, Nagarajan S, Mantle M, Kirsch HE. Interictal MEG/MSI in intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: spike yield and characterization. Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 121:325-31. [PMID: 20064741 PMCID: PMC2821956 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of MEG to detect medial temporal spikes in patients with known medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and to use magnetic source imaging (MSI) with equivalent current dipoles to examine localization and orientation of spikes and their relation to surgical outcome. METHODS We prospectively obtained MSI on a total of 25 patients previously diagnosed with intractable MTLE. MEG was recorded with a 275 channel whole-head system with simultaneous 21-channel scalp EEG during inpatient admission one day prior to surgical resection. The patients' surgical outcomes were classified based on one-year follow-up after surgery. RESULTS Nineteen of the 22 patients (86.4%) had interictal spikes during the EEG and MEG recordings. Thirteen of 19 patients (68.4%) demonstrated unilateral temporal dipoles ipsilateral to the site of surgery. Among these patients, five (38.5%) patients had horizontal dipoles, one (7.7%) patient had vertical dipoles, and seven (53.8%) patients had both horizontal and vertical dipoles. Sixty percent of patients with non-localizing ictal scalp EEG had well-localized spikes on MSI ipsilateral to the side of surgery and 66.7% of patients with non-localizing MRI had well-localized spikes on MSI ipsilateral to the side of surgery. Concordance between MSI localization and the side of lobectomy was not associated with a likelihood of an excellent postsurgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS MSI can detect medial temporal spikes. It may provide important localizing information in patients with MTLE, especially when MRI and/or ictal scalp EEG are not localizing. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that MSI has a good ability to detect interictal spikes from mesial temporal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Kaiboriboon
- UCSF Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Srikantan Nagarajan
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mary Mantle
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Heidi E. Kirsch
- UCSF Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Funke M, Constantino T, Van Orman C, Rodin E. Magnetoencephalography and magnetic source imaging in epilepsy. Clin EEG Neurosci 2009; 40:271-80. [PMID: 19780348 DOI: 10.1177/155005940904000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalograpy (MEG) and Electroencephalography (EEG) provide physicians with complementary data and should not be regarded as mutually exclusive evaluative methods of cerebral activity. Relevant to this edition, MEG applications related to the surgical treatment of epilepsy will be discussed exclusively. Combined MEG/EEG data collection and analysis should be a routine diagnostic practice for patients who are still suffering seizures due to the failure of drug therapy. Clinicians in the field of epilepsy agree that a greater number of patients would benefit from surgery than are currently referred for pre-surgical evaluation. Regardless of age or presumed epilepsy syndrome, all patients deserve the possibility of living seizure-free through surgery. Technological advances in superconducting elements as well as the digital revolution were necessary for the development of MEG into a clinically valuable diagnostic tool. Compared to the examination of electrical activity of the brain, investigation into its magnetic concomitant is a more recent development. In MEG, cerebral magnetic activity is recorded using magnetometer or gradiometer whole-head systems. MEG spikes usually have a shorter duration and a steeper ascending slope than EEG spikes, and variable phase relationships to EEG. When co-registered spikes are compared, it is apparent that EEG and MEG spikes differ. There is agreement among investigators that more interictal epileptiform spikes are seen in MEG than EEG. When MEG is co-registered with invasive intracranial EEG data, the detection rate of interictal epileptiform discharges depends on the number of electrocorticographic channels that record a spike. When patients have a non-localizing video-EEG recording, MEG pinpoints the resected area in 58-72% of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Funke
- Department of Neurology, Primary Childrens Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Goldenholz DM, Ahlfors SP, Hämäläinen MS, Sharon D, Ishitobi M, Vaina LM, Stufflebeam SM. Mapping the signal-to-noise-ratios of cortical sources in magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:1077-86. [PMID: 18465745 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) have been available for decades, their relative merits are still debated. We examined regional differences in signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs) of cortical sources in MEG and EEG. Data from four subjects were used to simulate focal and extended sources located on the cortical surface reconstructed from high-resolution magnetic resonance images. The SNR maps for MEG and EEG were found to be complementary. The SNR of deep sources was larger in EEG than in MEG, whereas the opposite was typically the case for superficial sources. Overall, the SNR maps were more uniform for EEG than for MEG. When using a noise model based on uniformly distributed random sources on the cortex, the SNR in MEG was found to be underestimated, compared with the maps obtained with noise estimated from actual recorded MEG and EEG data. With extended sources, the total area of cortex in which the SNR was higher in EEG than in MEG was larger than with focal sources. Clinically, SNR maps in a patient explained differential sensitivity of MEG and EEG in detecting epileptic activity. Our results emphasize the benefits of recording MEG and EEG simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Goldenholz
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center For Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA.
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Agirre-Arrizubieta Z, Huiskamp GJM, Ferrier CH, van Huffelen AC, Leijten FSS. Interictal magnetoencephalography and the irritative zone in the electrocorticogram. Brain 2009; 132:3060-71. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dalal SS, Baillet S, Adam C, Ducorps A, Schwartz D, Jerbi K, Bertrand O, Garnero L, Martinerie J, Lachaux JP. Simultaneous MEG and intracranial EEG recordings during attentive reading. Neuroimage 2009; 45:1289-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Intracranial EEG Registration: Technical and Clinical Aspects. J Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 25:331-9. [DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0b013e31818e7913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Intractable seizures can have a devastating effect on the development of a child. In children with intractable epilepsy that is refractory to medication, surgical treatment may be needed. Magnetic resonance imaging is an essential neuroimaging tool to assist in the identification of an epileptogenic substrate. The interpretation of MR images should be done in the context of clinical knowledge of the seizure symptomatology and electroencephalographic findings. Quantitative processing of structural MR data and advanced MR imaging such as diffusion tensor imaging and MR spectroscopy have the potential to identify subtle lesions that may otherwise have been missed. In addition to lesion localization, identification of eloquent cortex and white matter tracts are also an essential component of epilepsy surgery workup. Functional MR imaging maps the sensorimotor cortex and also lateralizes language. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography can be used to map the corticospinal tracts and the optic radiations. In addition to MR imaging, magnetoencephalography and nuclear medicine studies such as PET and SPECT scanning may be used to lateralize seizure focus when clinical, electrophysiological, and structural MR imaging findings are discordant.
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Morioka T, Hashiguchi K, Nagata S, Miyagi Y, Yoshida F, Shono T, Mihara F, Koga H, Sasaki T. Additional hippocampectomy in the surgical management of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy associated with glioneuronal tumor. Neurol Res 2008; 29:807-15. [PMID: 17601368 DOI: 10.1179/016164107x223566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In surgery for epileptogenic glioneuronal tumor in the temporal lobe, whether additional hippocampectomy is needed remains in dispute. We retrospectively analysed clinical profile and seizure outcome in a consecutive series of six patients, paying special attention to pathophysiologic conditions in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Long-term video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring showed attenuation of background activity, followed by ictal discharges in the ipsilateral temporal region in five cases. (18)Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in five cases showed hypometabolism in the ipsilateral medial temporal lobe. Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) after removal of the tumor revealed frequent paroxysmal activity or electrographic seizure activity on the hippocampus in five cases. A high incidence of hippocampal pathology, such as hippocampal sclerosis in four cases and dysgenesis in one case, was demonstrated. Five patients who underwent additional hippocampectomy along with resection of the tumor became completely seizure-free. Our findings indicated a proclivity for the epileptogenic zone to encompass the medial structures and for hippocampal pathology to be present even when no direct medial tumor involvement was identified. Thus, it is conceivable that removal of the hippocampus with the guidance of pre- and intraoperative multimodal examinations, in addition to resection of the tumor, may be recommended to achieve 'complete' freedom from seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Hashiguchi K, Morioka T, Yoshida F, Miyagi Y, Nagata S, Sakata A, Sasaki T. Correlation between scalp-recorded electroencephalographic and electrocorticographic activities during ictal period. Seizure 2007; 16:238-47. [PMID: 17236792 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between scalp-recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocorticographic (ECoG) activities during ictal periods. METHODS Simultaneous EEG and ECoG recordings with chronic subdural electrodes were performed in eight patients with partial epilepsy. RESULTS In two cases where the ictal ECoG discharges originated in deep brain structures such as the hippocampus and interhemispheric surface of the frontal lobe, ictal discharges could not be detected on EEG until they expanded to the cortex of convexity. In four cases, the ictal onset zones were located in the lateral convexity. When synchronous or near synchronous ictal ECoG discharges with amplitudes of 200-2000muV were recorded on more than 8-15cm(2) of cortex, corresponding discharges were recorded on EEG in these four cases. However, in a case of frontal lobe epilepsy, asynchronous ictal ECoG discharges were recorded on 10 electrodes of convexity but no ictal EEG activity was recorded. Furthermore, in two frontal lobe epilepsy cases, ictal EEG discharges did not always reflect the ictal ECoG spike, but occasionally reflected slow background ECoG activity around the ictal discharges. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors such as the width of the cortical area involved, amplitude of ictal discharges and degree of synchronization of electrical potentials play important roles in the appearance of ictal EEG recordings, and the relationship between ictal EEG and ECoG is not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiaki Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Knowlton RC, Elgavish R, Howell J, Blount J, Burneo JG, Faught E, Kankirawatana P, Riley K, Morawetz R, Worthington J, Kuzniecky RI. Magnetic source imaging versus intracranial electroencephalogram in epilepsy surgery: A prospective study. Ann Neurol 2006; 59:835-42. [PMID: 16634031 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noninvasive brain imaging tests can potentially supplement or even replace the use of intracranial electroencephalogram (ICEEG), an invasive, costly procedure used in presurgical epilepsy evaluation. This study prospectively examined the agreement between magnetic source imaging (MSI) and ICEEG localization in epilepsy surgery candidates. METHODS Patients completing video monitoring with scalp EEG who had intractable partial epilepsy based on ictal electro-clinico-anatomical features were screened. Forty-nine enrolled patients (mean age, 27 years; range, 1-61 years) completed MSI and ICEEG studies. Decisions about ICEEG and surgery were made at a consensus conference where MSI could only influence ICEEG coverage by indicating supplemental coverage to that already planned by an original hypothesis. RESULTS The positive predictive value of MSI for seizure localization was 82 to 90%, depending on whether computed against ICEEG alone or in combination with surgical outcome. The kappa score of agreement for MSI with ICEEG was 0.2744 (p < 0.01) INTERPRETATION MSI yields localizing information with a high positive predictive value in epilepsy surgery candidates who typically require ICEEG. This finding suggests that enough clinical validity exists for MSI to potentially replace ICEEG for seizure localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Knowlton
- Department of Neurology, UAB Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 35294-0001, USA.
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