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D’Angelo A, Vitiello L, Lixi F, Abbinante G, Coppola A, Gagliardi V, Pellegrino A, Giannaccare G. Optic Nerve Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2214. [PMID: 38673487 PMCID: PMC11050811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have been interested in neuroprotective therapies as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders by shielding the brain system from harmful events. Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from glaucoma, an ocular neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal damage, and consequent visual loss. The pathology's molecular cause is still mostly unknown, and the current treatments are not able to alter the disease's natural progression. Thus, the modern approach to treating glaucoma consists of prescribing medications with neuroprotective properties, in line with the treatment strategy suggested for other neurodegenerative diseases. For this reason, several naturally derived compounds, including nicotinamide and citicoline, have been studied throughout time to try to improve glaucoma management by exploiting their neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this review is to examine the naturally derived compounds that are currently utilized in clinical practice for neuroprotection in glaucomatous patients based on scientific data, emphasizing these compounds' pivotal mechanism of action as well as their proven therapeutic and neuroprotective benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D’Angelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Livio Vitiello
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Filippo Lixi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy; (F.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Abbinante
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Coppola
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Gagliardi
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alfonso Pellegrino
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy; (F.L.); (G.G.)
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Mischley LK, Farahnik J, Mantay L, Punzi J, Szampruch K, Ferguson T, Fox DJ. Parkinson Symptom Severity and Use of Nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040802. [PMID: 36839160 PMCID: PMC9966010 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that half of the individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) use some form of over-the-counter vitamin, herbal supplement or nutraceutical. The goal of this study was to survey individuals with PD about their use of the nutraceuticals and evaluate the association of the nutraceutical with the severity of symptoms. METHODS Participants with self-reported idiopathic PD within the 2021 cohort (n = 1084) were included in a cross-sectional study to assess association of nutraceuticals with symptom severity via linear regression analysis. PD severity was measured using the patient-reported outcomes in PD, and supplement use reflected self-reported consistent use over the previous six months. All regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, income and years since diagnosis. The use of the term progression refers to PRO-PD scores adjusted for years since diagnosis. RESULTS The most frequently used supplements were vitamin D (71%), B12 (44%), vitamin C (38%) and fish oil (38%). None of the supplements being used were associated with statistically significant worse outcomes. Nutraceuticals associated with improved outcomes were Ginkgo biloba (GB), NAD+ or its precursors, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, glutathione, mucuna, CoQ10, low dose lithium, curcumin, homocysteine factors, DHEA, coconut oil, vitamin C, and omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that in a real-world setting, some over-the-counter supplements are associated with fewer patient-reported symptoms. Supplements with significant associations with fewer symptoms have biological plausibility and future clinical trials should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K. Mischley
- Parkinson Center for Pragmatic Research, Shoreline, WA 98133, USA
- Bastyr University Research Institute, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Joshua Farahnik
- Bastyr University Research Institute, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Ludwig Mantay
- Bastyr University Research Institute, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Jamie Punzi
- Bastyr University Research Institute, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Kayla Szampruch
- Bastyr University Research Institute, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Tyrice Ferguson
- Bastyr University Research Institute, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Devon J. Fox
- Parkinson Center for Pragmatic Research, Shoreline, WA 98133, USA
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Neuroprotective Effects of Nicotinamide against MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Mice: Impact on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112929. [PMID: 36428497 PMCID: PMC9687839 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM) is the amide form of niacin and an important precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is needed for energy metabolism and cellular functions. Additionally, it has shown neuroprotective properties in several neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we sought to investigate the potential protective mechanisms of NAM in an intraperitoneal (i.p) 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model (wild-type mice (C57BL/6N), eight weeks old, average body weight 25-30 g). The study had four groups (n = 10 per group): control, MPTP (30 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days), MPTP treated with NAM (500 mg/kg, i.p for 10 days) and control treated with NAM. Our study showed that MPTP increased the expression of α-synuclein 2.5-fold, decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) 0.5-fold and dopamine transporters (DAT) levels up to 0.5-fold in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and impaired motor function. However, NAM treatment significantly reversed these PD-like pathologies. Furthermore, NAM treatment reduced oxidative stress by increasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) between 0.5- and 1.0-fold. Lastly, NAM treatment regulated neuroinflammation by reducing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB, tumor (p-NFκB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels by 0.5- to 2-fold in the PD mouse brain. Overall, these findings suggest that NAM exhibits neuroprotective properties and may be an effective therapeutic agent for PD.
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Zhao S, Guo J, Xue H, Meng J, Xie D, Liu X, Yu Q, Zhong H, Jiang P. Systematic impacts of fluoride exposure on the metabolomics of rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113888. [PMID: 35872488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is widely present in the environment. Excessive fluoride exposure leads to fluorosis, which has become a global public health problem and will cause damage to various organs and tissues. Only a few studies focus on serum metabolomics, and there is still a lack of systematic metabolomics associated with fluorosis within the main organs. Therefore, in the current study, a non-targeted metabolomics method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to research the effects of fluoride exposure on metabolites in different organs, to uncover potential biomarkers and study whether the affected metabolic pathways are related to the mechanism of fluorosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a fluoride exposure group. GC-MS technology was used to identify metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 16, 24, 20, 20, 24, 13, 7, and 13 differential metabolites in the serum, liver, kidney, heart, hippocampus, cortex, kidney fat, and brown fat, respectively, in the two groups of rats. Fifteen metabolic pathways were affected, involving toxic mechanisms such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and fatty acid, amino acid and energy metabolism disorders. This study provides a new perspective on the understanding of the mechanism of toxicity associated with sodium fluoride, contributing to the prevention and treatment of fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhao
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Jinxiu Guo
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Junjun Meng
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen 041000, China.
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Haitao Zhong
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
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Tang C, Fang Z, Chu D, Zhang L, Tang Y, Zhou J, Fang R, Ying J, Wang F, Zhou Y, Xu C, Wang Q. Pharmacodynamics, Network Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Medicine Formula 9002A in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849994. [PMID: 35462916 PMCID: PMC9026172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common and serious neurodegenerative disease in the elderly; however, the treatment of AD is still lacking of rational drugs. In this paper, the active constituents and targets of the self-developed Chinese medicine Formula 9002A in the treatment of AD were investigated from three aspects: pharmacodynamics based on cell and animal experiments, network pharmacology analysis, and pharmacokinetic analysis. A total of 124 compounds were screened in Formula 9002A, and four constituents including salidroside, gastrodin, niacinamide, and umbelliferone were screened as potential active components for the treatment of AD by network pharmacology. Among them, salidroside and gastrodin showed higher relevance with AD targets, such as ESR1 and AR. The pharmacokinetic study showed that they could be absorbed and identified in plasma; the half-life and mean residence times of salidroside and gastrodin in plasma were nearly increased 2-fold by the administration of Formula 9002A compared with those by the administration of a monomer, indicating the extended action time of active compounds in vivo. Formula 9002A exerted the efficacy in the treatment of AD mainly by regulating APP, GSK3β, ESR1, and AR targets based on the anti-β-amyloid protein deposition, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis pathways. Two genes enriched in Alzheimer’s disease pathway, APP and GSK3β, were further validated. The experiments also demonstrated that Formula 9002A could downregulate APP and GSK3β protein expression in the model mice brain and improved their cognitive ability. In summary, Formula 9002A has the characteristics of multiple targets and multiple pathways in the treatment of AD, and salidroside and gastrodin might be the main active constituents, which could provide a foundation for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Tang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlan Tang, ; Qinwen Wang,
| | - Zhiling Fang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Donghui Chu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinyue Zhou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rui Fang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaming Ying
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunshuang Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlan Tang, ; Qinwen Wang,
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Endosymbionts Reduce Microbiome Diversity and Modify Host Metabolism and Fecundity in the Planthopper Sogatella furcifera. mSystems 2022; 7:e0151621. [PMID: 35353007 PMCID: PMC9040572 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01516-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosymbionts can strongly affect bacterial microbiota in pests. The white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera, a notorious pest in rice, is usually co-infected with Cardinium and Wolbachia, but the effects of these endosymbionts together or individually on the host microbiome and fecundity are unclear. Here, we established three S. furcifera lines (Cardinium and Wolbachia double-infected, Cardinium single-infected, and both-uninfected lines) backcrossed to a common nuclear background and found that single and double infections reduced bacterial diversity and changed bacterial community structure across nymph and adult stages and across adult tissues. The endosymbionts differed in densities between adults and nymphs as well as across adult tissues, with the distribution of Cardinium affected by Wolbachia. Both the single infection and particularly the double infection reduced host fecundity. Lines also differed in levels of metabolites, some of which may influence fecundity (e.g., arginine biosynthesis and nicotinamide metabolism). Cardinium in the single-infected line upregulated metabolic levels, while Wolbachia in the double-infected line appeared to mainly downregulate them. Association analysis pointed to possible connections between various bacteria and differential metabolites. These results reveal that Cardinium by itself and in combination with Wolbachia affect bacterial microbiota and levels of metabolites, with likely effects on host fecundity. Many of the effects of these metabolically limited endosymbionts that are dependent on the hosts may be exerted through manipulation of the microbiome. IMPORTANCE Endosymbionts can profoundly affect the nutrition, immunity, development, and reproduction of insect hosts, but the effects of multiple endosymbiont infections on microbiota and the interaction of these effects with insect host fitness are not well known. By establishing S. furcifera lines with different endosymbiont infection status, we found that Cardinium and the combined Cardinium + Wolbachia infections differentially reduced bacterial diversity as well as changing bacterial community structure and affecting metabolism, which may connect to negative fitness effects of the endosymbionts on their host. These results established the connections between reduced bacterial diversity, decreased fecundity and metabolic responses in S. furcifera.
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Yasnetsov VV, Kaurova DE, Skachilova SY, Bersenev EY. Antiamnestic effect of new nicotinic acid derivatives. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The search for new drugs for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive disorders continues to be a relevant task of pharmacology. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the antiamnestic effect of five new nicotinic acid derivatives in comparison with the well-known drug mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in animals.
Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on white male mice using conditioned passive avoidance reflex (CPAR). Electroconvulsive shock (ECS), scopolamine administration, and acute hypoxia in a hermetic chamber were used as amnesic effects. Testing for the safety of CPAR was performed 24 h after amnesic exposure. The new substances, reference drug mexidol, and a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (control group) were administered once intraperitoneally 60 min before mice training.
Results and discussion: Three of the five new nicotinic acid derivatives, LKhT 4-19 (100 mg/kg), LKhT 6-19 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and LKhT 7-19 (100 mg/kg), have antiamnestic properties on models of amnesia in mice induced by ESC, scopolamine, and acute hypoxia in a hermetic chamber. At the same time, the most efficient substance – LKhT 6-19 – exceeds the reference drug mexidol on all three models used. In addition, this compound is also more efficient than two other new compounds, LKhT 4-19 and LKhT 7-19, on the model of ESC-induced amnesia and LKhT 7-19 on the scopolamine-induced amnesia model.
Conclusion: Compound LKhT 6-19 is promising for further advanced preclinical studies as a potential drug with antiamnestic activity.
Graphical abstract:
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Koca M, Bilginer S. New benzamide derivatives and their nicotinamide/cinnamamide analogs as cholinesterase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1201-1212. [PMID: 34165688 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 18 new benzamide/ nicotinamide/ cinnamamide derivative compounds were designed and synthesized for the first time (except B1 and B5) by conventional and microwave irradiation methods. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. In vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition effects of the compounds were evaluated to find out new possible drug candidate molecule/s. According to the inhibition results, the IC50 values of the compounds synthesized were in the range of 10.66-83.03 nM towards AChE, while they were in the range of 32.74-66.68 nM towards BuChE. Tacrine was used as the reference drug and its IC50 values were 20.85 nM and 15.66 nM towards AChE and BuChE, respectively. The most active compounds B4 (IC50: 15.42 nM), N4 (IC50: 12.14 nM), and C4 (IC50: 10.67 nM) in each series towards AChE were docked at the binding site of AChE enzyme to explain the inhibitory activities of each series. On the other hand, the compounds B4, N4, and C4 showed satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties via the prediction of ADME profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Koca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Bilginer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Rehman IU, Ahmad R, Khan I, Lee HJ, Park J, Ullah R, Choi MJ, Kang HY, Kim MO. Nicotinamide Ameliorates Amyloid Beta-Induced Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Adult Mouse Brain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040408. [PMID: 33920212 PMCID: PMC8070416 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most predominant age-related neurodegenerative disease, pathologically characterized by the accumulation of aggregates of amyloid beta Aβ1–42 and tau hyperphosphorylation in the brain. It is considered to be the primary cause of cognitive dysfunction. The aggregation of Aβ1–42 leads to neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Since vitamins are basic dietary nutrients that organisms need for their growth, survival, and other metabolic functions, in this study, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of nicotinamide (NAM) Vitamin B3 against Aβ1–42 -induced neurotoxicity was investigated in mouse brains. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Aβ1–42 injection elicited neuronal dysfunctions that led to memory impairment and neurodegeneration in mouse brains. After 24 h after Aβ1–42 injection, the mice were treated with NAM (250 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 1 week. For biochemical and Western blot studies, the mice were directly sacrificed, while for confocal and “immunohistochemical staining”, mice were perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde. Our biochemical, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical results showed that NAM can ameliorate neuronal inflammation and apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress through lowering malondialdehyde and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein levels in an Aβ1–42-injected mouse brains, where the regulation of p-JNK further regulated inflammatory marker proteins (TNF-α, IL-1β, transcription factor NF-kB) and apoptotic marker proteins (Bax, caspase 3, PARP1). Furthermore, NAM + Aβ treatment for 1 week increased the amount of survival neurons and reduced neuronal cell death in Nissl staining. We also analyzed memory dysfunction via behavioral studies and the analysis showed that NAM could prevent Aβ1–42 -induced memory deficits. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that NAM may be a potential preventive and therapeutic candidate for Aβ1–42 -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurotoxicity in an adult mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Hyeon Jin Lee
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Jungsung Park
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Myeong Jun Choi
- Research and Development Center, Axceso Bio-pharma co, Anyang 14056, Korea;
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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Suchard MS, Savulescu DM. Nicotinamide pathways as the root cause of sepsis - an evolutionary perspective on macrophage energetic shifts. FEBS J 2021; 289:955-964. [PMID: 33686748 PMCID: PMC9545938 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Divergent pathways of macrophage metabolism occur during infection, notably switching between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg-like metabolism). Concurrently, macrophages shift between alternate and classical activation. A key enzyme upregulated in alternatively activated macrophages is indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which converts tryptophan to kynurenine for de novo synthesis of nicotinamide. Nicotinamide can be used to replenish cellular NAD+ supplies. We hypothesize that an insufficient cellular NAD+ supply is the root cause of metabolic shifts in macrophages. We assert that manipulation of nicotinamide pathways may correct deleterious immune responses. We propose evaluation of nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) and analogues, including isoniazid, nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside, as potential therapy for infectious causes of sepsis, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S Suchard
- Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dana M Savulescu
- Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abd-Allah H, Nasr M, Ahmed-Farid OAH, El-Marasy SA, Bakeer RM, Ahmed RF. Biological and Pharmacological Characterization of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide Chitosan Nanoparticles against Insulin-Resistance-Induced Cognitive Defects: A Comparative Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3587-3601. [PMID: 33585742 PMCID: PMC7876703 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
High consumption of industrialized food with high fat content is generally associated with insulin resistance, which in turn causes memory impairment and cognitive decline. Nicotinamide and ascorbic acid are among the promising neuroprotective molecules; however, an appreciable therapeutic activity necessitates the administration of a large dose of either. Therefore, the study aimed to assess if loading them in chitosan nanoparticles in doses 5-10 times lower than the unencapsulated forms would achieve comparable therapeutic results. Animals were fed a high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 75 days. The vitamins in their conventional form (100 mg/kg) and the nanoparticles under investigation (10 and 20 mg/kg) were given orally concomitantly with the diet in the last 15 days. The intake of HFHF diet for 75 days led to an insulin-resistant state, with memory impairment, which was verified behaviorally through the object recognition test. This was accompanied by significant reduction in brain insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), increased acetylcholine esterase activity, increase in the serotonin and dopamine turnover ratio, and increase in oxidative stress and 8-OHdG, indicating cellular DNA fragmentation. Cellular energy was also decreased, and immunohistochemical examination verified the high immunoreactivity in both the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. The administration of nanoparticulated nicotinamide or ascorbic acid with a 10 times lesser dose than the unencapsulated forms managed to reverse all aforementioned harmful effects, with an even lesser immunoreactivity score than the unencapsulated form. Therefore, it can be concluded that nicotinamide or ascorbic acid chitosan nanoparticles can be recommended as daily supplements for neuroprotection in patients suffering from insulin resistance after conduction of clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Abd-Allah
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, 11561 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, 11561 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar A. H. Ahmed-Farid
- Department
of Physiology, National Organization for
Drug Control and Research, 35521 Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma A. El-Marasy
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Rofanda M. Bakeer
- Department
of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan
University, 11795 Helwan, Egypt
- October
University of Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) University, 12451 6th October
City, Egypt
| | - Rania F. Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
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12
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Hwang ES, Song SB. Possible Adverse Effects of High-Dose Nicotinamide: Mechanisms and Safety Assessment. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050687. [PMID: 32365524 PMCID: PMC7277745 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM) at doses far above those recommended for vitamins is suggested to be effective against a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, including neurological dysfunctions, depression and other psychological disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Recent increases in public awareness on possible pro-longevity effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors have caused further growth of NAM consumption not only for clinical treatments, but also as a dietary supplement, raising concerns on the safety of its long-term use. However, possible adverse effects and their mechanisms are poorly understood. High-level NAM administration can exert negative effects through multiple routes. For example, NAM by itself inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which protect genome integrity. Elevation of the NAD+ pool alters cellular energy metabolism. Meanwhile, high-level NAM alters cellular methyl metabolism and affects methylation of DNA and proteins, leading to changes in cellular transcriptome and proteome. Also, methyl metabolites of NAM, namely methylnicotinamide, are predicted to play roles in certain diseases and conditions. In this review, a collective literature search was performed to provide a comprehensive list of possible adverse effects of NAM and to provide understanding of their underlying mechanisms and assessment of the raised safety concerns. Our review assures safety in current usage level of NAM, but also finds potential risks for epigenetic alterations associated with chronic use of NAM at high doses. It also suggests directions of the future studies to ensure safer application of NAM.
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13
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The Role of Nicotinamide in Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030477. [PMID: 32245130 PMCID: PMC7175378 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM) is a water-soluble form of Vitamin B3 (niacin) and a precursor of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) which regulates cellular energy metabolism. Except for its role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), NAD+ acts as a substrate for several enzymes including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Notably, NAM is an inhibitor of both SIRT1 and PARP1. Accumulating evidence suggests that NAM plays a role in cancer prevention and therapy. Phase III clinical trials have confirmed its clinical efficacy for non-melanoma skin cancer chemoprevention or as an adjunct to radiotherapy against head and neck, laryngeal, and urinary bladder cancers. Evidence for other cancers has mostly been collected through preclinical research and, in its majority, is not yet evidence-based. NAM has potential as a safe, well-tolerated, and cost-effective agent to be used in cancer chemoprevention and therapy. However, more preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed to fully unravel its value.
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Witt EA, Reissner KJ. The effects of nicotinamide on reinstatement to cocaine seeking in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:669-680. [PMID: 31811351 PMCID: PMC7039762 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Interventions for psychostimulant use disorders are of significant need. Nicotinamide (NAM) is a small molecule that can oppose cellular adaptations observed following cocaine exposure in the rodent self-administration and reinstatement model of addiction. In addition, utility of NAM against symptoms of withdrawal and vulnerability to relapse to cocaine use has been suggested by case studies and anecdotal reports. However, the empirical effects of NAM on drug-seeking behaviors have not been examined. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of systemic NAM administration on reinstatement to cocaine seeking, using the rat self-administration/extinction/reinstatement model of cocaine addiction. METHODS Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were trained to self-administer i.v. cocaine or food pellets for 2 hrs per day for 12 days, followed by 14-17 days of extinction, during which i.p. NAM injections (0-120 mg/kg) were given 30 minutes prior to each extinction or reinstatement session. Rats were tested on cue-, cocaine-, or food-primed reinstatement, as well as locomotor activity. RESULTS Chronic NAM administered throughout extinction dose dependently attenuated cue-primed reinstatement in male rats, but not female rats. In contrast, acute NAM given once prior to reinstatement had no effect on reinstatement. Chronic NAM had no effect on locomotor activity or reinstatement to food seeking. CONCLUSIONS The specificity of NAM against cue-primed reinstatement indicates that NAM may influence responsiveness to drug-associated cues, specifically in males. Future studies will examine the mechanism(s) by which NAM may exert this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Witt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC Chapel Hill, CB 3270, 235 E. Cameron Ave., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC Chapel Hill, CB 3270, 235 E. Cameron Ave., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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15
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Song SB, Park JS, Chung GJ, Lee IH, Hwang ES. Diverse therapeutic efficacies and more diverse mechanisms of nicotinamide. Metabolomics 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31587111 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many diseases and conditions. The target conditions are incredibly diverse ranging from skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid to schizophrenia and depression and even AIDS. Similar diversity is expected for the underlying mechanisms. In a large portion of the conditions, NAM conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be a major factor in its efficacy. The augmentation of cellular NAD+ level not only modulates mitochondrial production of ATP and superoxide, but also activates many enzymes. Activated sirtuin proteins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, play important roles in many of NAM's effects such as an increase in mitochondrial quality and cell viability countering neuronal damages and metabolic diseases. Meanwhile, certain observed effects are mediated by NAM itself. However, our understanding on the mechanisms of NAM's effects is limited to those involving certain key proteins and may even be inaccurate in some proposed cases. AIM OF REVIEW This review details the conditions that NAM has been shown to or is expected to effectively treat in humans and animals and evaluates the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms, with the intention of promoting wider, safe therapeutic application of NAM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NAM, by itself or through altering metabolic balance of NAD+ and tryptophan, modulates mitochondrial function and activities of many molecules and thereby positively affects cell viability and metabolic functions. And, NAM administration appears to be quite safe with limited possibility of side effects which are related to NAM's metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu June Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Missina JM, Gavinho B, Postal K, Santana FS, Valdameri G, de Souza EM, Hughes DL, Ramirez MI, Soares JF, Nunes GG. Effects of Decavanadate Salts with Organic and Inorganic Cations on Escherichia coli, Giardia intestinalis, and Vero Cells. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11930-11941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus Jardim Botânico, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel I. Ramirez
- Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Av. Brazil, Manguinhos, 4365 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the cell's hydrogen carrier for redox enzymes, is well known for its role in redox reactions. More recently, it has emerged as a signaling molecule. By modulating NAD+-sensing enzymes, NAD+ controls hundreds of key processes from energy metabolism to cell survival, rising and falling depending on food intake, exercise, and the time of day. NAD+ levels steadily decline with age, resulting in altered metabolism and increased disease susceptibility. Restoration of NAD+ levels in old or diseased animals can promote health and extend lifespan, prompting a search for safe and efficacious NAD-boosting molecules that hold the promise of increasing the body's resilience, not just to one disease, but to many, thereby extending healthy human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rajman
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karolina Chwalek
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory for Ageing Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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18
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Zhai C, Zhang P, Peng P, Hou B, Li L. Hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking in nicotinamide/H 2O mixtures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 184:294-298. [PMID: 28525864 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between nicotinamide (NA) and H2O were studied using UV-visible spectra (UV-Vis), cyclic voltammetry (CV), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), density functional theory (DFT) and atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis. According to the changes of the UV-Vis spectra and the oxidation and reduction potentials in cyclic voltammograms of NA in aqueous solution, it was found that hydrogen bonding occurred between NA and H2O molecules. Quantum chemistry calculations and AIM analysis further confirmed the existence of hydrogen bonding between H2O molecules and the amide group, the nitrogen atom, and hydrogen atoms on the pyridine ring of NA molecules. In addition, the NMR results demonstrated that the π-π stacking between NA pyridine rings could be formed at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhai
- Institute of Fine Chemical and Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Fine Chemical and Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Institute of Fine Chemical and Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bingbing Hou
- Institute of Fine Chemical and Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lina Li
- Institute of Fine Chemical and Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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19
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Song SB, Jang SY, Kang HT, Wei B, Jeoun UW, Yoon GS, Hwang ES. Modulation of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and ROS Generation by Nicotinamide in a Manner Independent of SIRT1 and Mitophagy. Mol Cells 2017; 40:503-514. [PMID: 28736426 PMCID: PMC5547220 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM) plays essential roles in physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis. Importantly, at high doses, it protects cells under oxidative stresses, and has shown therapeutic effectiveness in a variety of disease conditions. In our previous studies, NAM lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and extended cellular life span in primary human cells. In the treated cells, levels of NAD+/NADH and SIRT1 activity increased, while mitochondrial content decreased through autophagy activation. The remaining mitochondria were marked with low superoxide levels and high membrane potentials (Δψm); we posited that the treatment of NAM induced an activation of mitophagy that is selective for depolarized mitochondria, which produce high levels of ROS. However, evidence for the selective mitophagy that is mediated by SIRT1 has never been provided. This study sought to explain the mechanisms by which NAM lowers ROS levels and increases Δψm. Our results showed that NAM and SIRT1 activation exert quite different effects on mitochondrial physiology. Furthermore, the changes in ROS and Δψm were not found to be mediated through autophagy or SIRT activation. Rather, NAM suppressed superoxide generation via a direct reduction of electron transport, and increased Δψm via suppression of mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation. Our results dissected the effects of cellular NAD+ redox modulation, and emphasized the importance of the NAD+/NADH ratio in the mitochondria as well as the cytosol in maintaining mitochondrial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504,
Korea
| | - So-Young Jang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504,
Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504,
Korea
| | - Bie Wei
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504,
Korea
| | - Un-woo Jeoun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Gye Soon Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504,
Korea
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20
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Nicotinamide Administration Improves Remyelination after Stroke. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:7019803. [PMID: 28656112 PMCID: PMC5471593 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7019803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine whether nicotinamide administration could improve remyelination after stroke and reveal the underlying mechanism. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered with nicotinamide (200 mg/kg, daily) or saline after stroke induced by photothrombotic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. FK866 (3 mg/kg, daily, bis in die), an inhibitor of NAMPT, and ANA-12 (0.5 mg/kg, daily), an antagonist of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), were administered intraperitoneally 1 h before nicotinamide administration. Functional recovery, MRI, and histological assessment were performed after stroke at different time points. RESULTS The nicotinamide-treated mice showed significantly lower infarct area 7 d after stroke induction and significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the ipsilesional internal capsule (IC) 14 d after stroke induction than the other groups. Higher levels of NAD+, BDNF, and remyelination markers were observed in the nicotinamide-treated group. FK866 administration reduced NAD+ and BDNF levels in the nicotinamide-treated group. ANA-12 administration impaired the recovery from stroke with no effect on NAD+ and BDNF levels. Furthermore, lesser functional deficits were observed in the nicotinamide-treated group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Nicotinamide administration improves remyelination after stroke via the NAD+/BDNF/TrkB pathway.
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21
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Wierzejska R. Can coffee consumption lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease? A literature review. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:507-514. [PMID: 28507563 PMCID: PMC5420628 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.63599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the fact that the number of elderly citizens in society is steadily increasing, the search for dietary factors which might prolong mental agility is growing in significance. Coffee, together with its main ingredient, caffeine, has been the focus of much attention from various researchers, as data on its beneficial effects on human health continue to accumulate. Most reports indicate that moderate coffee consumption may in fact lower the risk for common neurodegenerative conditions, i.e. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Regardless, due to their complex pathogenesis as well as methodology of scientific research, the exact impact of coffee consumption remains to be fully elucidated. At present, it seems safe to inform the general public that coffee drinkers need not fear for their health. Possibly, in the future experts will recommend drinking coffee not only to satisfy individual taste preferences but also to decrease age-related mental deterioration.
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Trojian TH, Wang DH, Leddy JJ. Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment and Prevention of Sports-Related Concussion—Evidence Still Lacking. Curr Sports Med Rep 2017; 16:247-255. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Long-term treatment with nicotinamide induces glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle lipotoxicity in normal chow-fed mice: compared to diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 36:31-41. [PMID: 27567590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM), or vitamin B3, is an essential coenzyme for ATP synthesis and an inhibitor of sirtuin 1. Recently, conflicting results were reported regarding the treatment of NAM in type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how long-term treatment with NAM at lower dose would affect insulin sensitivity in mice fed chow diet. We treated mice with NAM (100 mg/kg/day) and normal chow for 8 weeks. Strikingly, NAM induced glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation in nonobese mice. NAM impaired mitochondrial respiration capacity and energy production in skeletal muscle, in combination with increased expression of the mediators for mitophagy (p62, PINK1, PARK2 and NIX) and autophagy (FOXO3, Bnip3, CTSL, Beclin1 and LC-3b). Next, we treated mice with high-fat diet (HFD) and resveratrol (RSV; 100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. RSV protected against HFD-induced insulin resistance and obesity. HFD increased skeletal muscle lipid content as well as NAM, but this increase was attenuated by RSV. In contrast to NAM, HFD enhanced fatty acid oxidative capacity. Muscle transcript levels of genes for mitophagy and autophagy were largely suppressed by HFD, whereas RSV did not rescue these effects. These differences suggest that skeletal muscle autophagy may represent adaptive response to NAM-induced lipotoxicity, whereas reduced autophagy in skeletal muscle may promote HFD-induced lipotoxicity. Our results demonstrate that chronic NAM supplementation in healthy individuals, although at lower dose than previously reported, is still detrimental to glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism.
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