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Tang AL, Liu XY, Gao N, Hu TP, Yan ST, Zhang GQ. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide improves intestinal microcirculation disorders in septic rats by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110049. [PMID: 37018980 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis has complex pathophysiological mechanisms that bring new challenges in the treatment of sepsis at a time when the intestinal microcirculation in sepsis is receiving increasing attention. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), which is a drug that can improve multiorgan ischemic diseases, is also worth examining to improve the intestinal microcirculation in sepsis. METHODS In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham group (n = 6), CLP group (n = 6), NBP group (n = 6) and NBP + LY294002 group (n = 6). The rat model of severe sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Abdominal wall incisions and sutures were performed in the first group, and CLP was performed in the latter three groups. Normal saline/NBP/NBP + LY294002 solution was injected intraperitoneally 2 h or 1 h before modeling. Hemodynamic data (blood pressure and heart rate) were recorded at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h. Sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging and the Medsoft System were used to observe the intestinal microcirculation of rats and obtain data at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. Six hours after the model was established, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured to evaluate the level of systemic inflammation. Pathological damage to the small intestine was evaluated by electron microscopy and histological analysis. The expression levels of P-PI3K, PI3K, P-AKT, AKT, LC3 and p62 in the small intestine were analyzed by Western blotting. The expressions of P-PI3K, P-AKT, LC3 and P62 in small intestine were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS NBP improved intestinal microcirculation disturbances in septic rats, alleviated the systemic inflammatory response, reduced the destruction of the small intestinal mucosa and the disruption of microvascular endothelial cells, and alleviated autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. NBP increased the ratio of P-PI3K/total PI3K, P-AKT/total AKT, and P62/β-actin and decreased the ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I. CONCLUSION NBP ameliorated intestinal microcirculation disturbances and the destruction of small intestinal vascular endothelial cells in septic rats by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Ling Tang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tian-Peng Hu
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Yan
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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Tan SW, Xie T, Malik TH, Gao Y. Advances of neurovascular protective potential of 3-N-butylphthalide and its derivatives in diabetic related diseases. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108335. [PMID: 36240669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) is a component isolated from seeds of Chinese celery, and it was firstly approved for the treatment of ischemic stroke. With the gradual in-depth understanding of its pharmacological action, it was found that it may have potential effects on treating diabetes and its complications. This review aims to illustrate the researches on the properties of NBP and its therapeutic efficacy in diabetic related diseases. This review will discuss the results of experiments in vitro and in vivo to make progress in understanding the beneficial effects of NBP and its derivatives on diabetic complications including diabetic vascular diseases, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic brain related diseases and diabetic cataract. We will also demonstrate NBP's numerous molecular targets and interactions with multiple cellular signaling pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, apoptosis and autophagy. NBP is proved to be a potential therapeutic approach for treating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | | | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
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Inhibition of Autophagy Facilitates XY03-EA-Mediated Neuroprotection against the Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7013299. [PMID: 35401933 PMCID: PMC8986424 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7013299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. L-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is used to treat moderate and severe acute ischemia stroke. A previous screening study indicates that XY03-EA, a novel derivative of NBP, is more potent than NBP in the oxyradical scavenging capacity. In this study, in vivo and in vitro ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models were used to test whether the XY03-EA offered therapeutic benefits in the ischemic stroke and explore the underlying mechanism of action. Methods. For this purpose, behavioral scores, cerebral infarct volume, cerebral blood flow, oxidative stress levels, inflammatory factor expression, energy metabolism levels, and autophagy activation were estimated in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. The nonhuman primate MCAO/R model was conducted to validate the therapeutic effect of XY03-EA applied for 3 weeks. The neurological deficit score (NDS) progression rate and the infarct volume were continuously recorded on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. The PC-12 cell OGD/R model was used to assess the cell survival rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the expression of autophagy execution molecules, and the activation of autophagy-related signaling pathways. Results. XY03-EA decreased the cerebral injuries and NDS by increasing cerebral blood flow, improving brain energy metabolism, accelerating ROS clearance, suppressing inflammatory responses, and inhibiting autophagy in the MCAO/R model rats. In the nonhuman primate MCAO/R model, the treatment of XY03-EA for 3 weeks could significantly inhibit the NDS progression rate and indicate a positive trend to reduce the infarct volume in a dose-dependent way. Mechanistically, XY03-EA inhibited ROS-dependent autophagy activation and thereby protected the PC-12 cells from the autophagic cell death induced by OGD/R. Conclusions. In this study, we found that XY03-EA alleviated the cerebral I/R injuries in rats and nonhuman primates. Our results demonstrated that XY03-EA exerted neuroprotective effects against the ROS-mediated autophagic neurocyte death and had great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Liao SC, Shao SC, Yang KJ, Yang CC. Real-world effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19212. [PMID: 34584153 PMCID: PMC8479087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess real-world effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning we conducted a retrospective review of patients with CO poisoning admitted to Linkou Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan's largest medical center, during 2009-2015. We included patients developing DNS after CO poisoning and compared improvements in neuropsychiatric function, with and without HBOT, after 12 months post-DNS to understand differences in recovery rates. DNS improvement-associated factors were also evaluated. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the role of time elapsed between DNS diagnosis and HBOT initiation in predicting DNS improvement. A total of 62 patients developed DNS, of whom 11 recovered while the rest did not. Possible factors predicting DNS improvement included receiving HBOT post-DNS (72.7% vs 25.5%; P = 0.006), and treatment with more than three HBOT sessions during acute stage CO poisoning (81.8% vs 27.5%; P = 0.003). The relevant area under the ROC curve was 0.789 (95% CI 0.603-0.974), and the best cut-off point was 3 days post-DNS diagnosis, with 87.5% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity. Early HBOT in patients who developed DNS after CO poisoning significantly improved their DNS symptoms, with treatment effects sustained for 1 year after DNS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Yang
- Division of Hyperbaric Oxygen Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Clinical Toxicology & Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Shih-Pai Road Section 2, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
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Han Y, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Liu BW, Yang L, Xu YH, Zhao YH. Overview of therapeutic potentiality of Angelica sinensis for ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153652. [PMID: 34362631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease. Due to sudden interruption of blood flow by arterial thrombus, amounts of neurons in ischemic central and penumbral regions occur necrosis and apoptosis resulting in serious injury of neurological function. Chinese medicines have a great advantage in ischemic stroke treatment and recovery, especially Angelica sinensis. PURPOSE There are a large number of studies reported that Angelica injection and A. sinensis active compounds. We systematically reviewed the effects and mechanisms of A. sinensis in recent years according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements, and excavated its therapeutic potentiality for exploring more effective and safe compounds for ischemic stroke precision treatment. RESULTS A. sinensis extracts and active compounds, such as Z-ligustilide, 3-n-Butylphthalide, and ferulic acid have significant effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-atherosclerosis, protection of vessels, which contributes to improvement of neurological function on ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION A. sinensis is a key agent for ischemic stroke treatment, and worth deeply excavating its therapeutic potentiality with the aid of pharmacological network, computer-aided drug design, artificial intelligence, big data and multi-scale modelling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa SRA 999078, Macao, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa SRA 999078, Macao, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa SRA 999078, Macao, China
| | - You-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, , Taipa SRA 999078, Macao, China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa SRA 999078, Macao, China
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Yan W, Fan J, Zhang X, Song H, Wan R, Wang W, Yin Y. Decreased neuronal synaptosome associated protein 29 contributes to poststroke cognitive impairment by disrupting presynaptic maintenance. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4616-4636. [PMID: 33754017 PMCID: PMC7978312 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poststroke cognitive impairments are common in stroke survivors, and pose a high risk of incident dementia. However, the cause of these cognitive impairments is obscure and required an investigation. Methods: Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model were used to imitate in vitro or in vivo acute cerebral ischemia, respectively. The differentially expressed synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29)-interacting proteins upon ischemia and reperfusion were analyzed with bioinformatics analysis and the results indicated that the changes of SNAP29 after acute ischemia were mainly involved in the synaptic functions. The outcomes of SNAP29 reduction were assessed with SNAP29 knockdown, which mimicked the distribution of SNAP29 along neuronal processes after acute ischemia. Using the whole-cell patch clamp recording method and transmission electron microscope, the pre-synaptic function and readily releasable pool (RRP) were observed after SNAP29 knock down. Using photogenetic manipulations and behavioral tests, the neuronal projection and cognitive functions of mice with SNAP29 knock down in hippocampus CA1 region were evaluated. Results: It was found that SNAP29 protein levels decreased in both in vitro and in vivo ischemic models. Further, the SNAP29 reduction wasn't associated with impaired autophagy flux and neuronal survival. When SNAP29 was knocked down in primary cortical neurons, the frequency of AMPARs-mediated mEPSCs, but not the amplitude, significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the mice with SNAP29 knockdown at CA1 region of hippocampus developed an impairment in hippocampus-mPFC (middle prefrontal cortex) circuit and behavioral dysfunctions. Moreover, the size of RRP at presynaptic sites was diminished. Conclusion: Since SNAP29 protein levels didn't significantly influence the neuronal survival and its decrease was sufficient to disturb the neural circuit via a presynaptic manner, the SNAP29-associated strategies may be an efficient target against poststroke synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits.
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Niu F, Sharma A, Wang Z, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Co-administration of TiO 2-nanowired dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) and mesenchymal stem cells enhanced neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease exacerbated by concussive head injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:101-155. [PMID: 33223034 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) is a powerful antioxidant compound with profound neuroprotective effects in stroke and brain injury. However, its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well known. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the key factors in precipitating PD like symptoms in civilians and particularly in military personnel. Thus, it would be interesting to explore the possible neuroprotective effects of NBP in PD following concussive head injury (CHI). In this chapter effect of nanowired delivery of NBP together with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in PD with CHI is discussed based on our own investigations. It appears that CHI exacerbates PD pathophysiology in terms of p-tau, α-synuclein (ASNC) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the loss of TH immunoreactivity in substantia niagra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum (STr) along with dopamine (DA), dopamine decarboxylase (DOPAC). And homovanillic acid (HVA). Our observations are the first to show that a combination of NBP with MSCs when delivered using nanowired technology induces superior neuroprotective effects in PD brain pathology exacerbated by CHI, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Niu
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Marco-Contelles J, Zhang Y. From Seeds of Apium graveolens Linn. to a Cerebral Ischemia Medicine: The Long Journey of 3- n-Butylphthalide. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12485-12510. [PMID: 32672958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) as well as its derivatives and analogues (NBPs), in racemic or enantiomerically pure forms, possess potent and diverse pharmacological properties and have shown a great potential therapeutic interest for many human conditions, especially for cerebral ischemia. This Perspective outlines the synthesis and therapeutic applications of NBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.,Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Tian A, Li W, Zai Q, Li H, Zhang RW. 3‑N‑Butyphthalide improves learning and memory in rats with vascular cognitive impairment by activating the SIRT1/BDNF pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:525-533. [PMID: 32377741 PMCID: PMC7248482 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a type of cerebral vascular disorder that leads to learning and memory decline. VCI models can be induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP) is a neuroprotective drug used for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in memory formation and cognitive performance, and its abnormal reduction is associated with cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that plays critical roles in promoting neuronal growth and injury repair. The present study was performed to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of NBP on learning deficits in a rat model of VCI. Rats were divided into a control group, model group, low-NBP-dose group (30 mg/kg/day), high-NBP-dose group (60 mg/kg/day), NBP + SIRT1 inhibitor group and NBP + BDNF inhibitor group. Rats were then subjected to Morris water maze and T-maze tests, which identified that NBP treatment significantly attenuated memory impairments in VCI rats. Molecular examination indicated that SIRT1 and BDNF expression levels in the hippocampus were increased by NBP treatment. However, NBP failed to ameliorate cognitive function after inhibition of the SIRT1/BDNF signaling pathway. In addition, NBP in combination with a SIRT1 inhibitor suppressed BDNF protein expression, but inhibition of BDNF did not inhibit SIRT1 protein expression in rats with VCI. The present results suggested that the neuroprotective effects of NBP on learning deficits in a rat model of VCI may be via regulation of the SIRT1/BDNF signaling pathway, in which SIRT1 may be the upstream signaling molecule. Therefore, the SIRT1/BDNF pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Ma HX, Hou F, Chen AL, Li TT, Zhu YF, Zhao QP. Mu-Xiang-You-Fang protects PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112583. [PMID: 31978519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mu-Xiang-You-Fang (MXYF) is a classic prescription of Hui medicine. It is composed of five herbs and has been used to treat ischemic stroke for many years. However, the potential pharmacological mechanisms of MXYF remain unclear. The present research is aimed to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of MXYF treatment in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS An oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model of PC12 cells was established. The effect of MXYF on the cell viability after OGD/R injury was determined using a cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay. The colorimetric method was used to determine the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate. The calcium concentration was determined by the chemical fluorescence method, and mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using flow cytometry. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and electron microscopic analysis were then conducted to detect autophagy after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion in PC12 cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of proteins associated with autophagy. RESULTS It was found that MXYF (1, 2, 4 μg/mL) could significantly increase cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential and decrease the calcium concentration and LDH release rate in PC12 cells. After OGD/R injury in PC12 cells, the number of autophagosomes and autophagolysosome significantly increased. MXYF (4 μg/mL) inhibited the autophagy induced by OGD/R and inhibited the expression of LC3, beclin1, p-AMPK, and ULK1. In contrast, the expression of p-mTOR, p-p70s6k, and p62 was significantly enhanced. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MXYF inhibits autophagy after OGD/R-induced PC12 cell injury through the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Thus, MXYF might have therapeutic potential in treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Fan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Ai-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Qi-Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
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Chen Y, Song C, Li Z, Chen H, Jin G. Effects of hot air and combined microwave and hot air drying on the quality attributes of celery stalk slices. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi P.R. China
| | - ChunFang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Beijing P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi P.R. China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Beijing P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi P.R. China
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Gao M, Ji S, Li J, Zhang S. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) ameliorates cognitive deficits and CaMKII-mediated long-term potentiation impairment in the hippocampus of diabetic db/db mice. Neurol Res 2019; 41:1024-1033. [PMID: 31578943 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1672387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Diabetes-associated cognitive deficits is characterized by long-term potentiation (LTP) decline in the hippocampus. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a novel agent exerting protective effect against ischemic brain. However, the effects of NBP on diabetes-associated cognitive deficits and underlying mechanisms are not fully clear. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of NBP on the cognitive deficits through activating CaMKII-mediated LTP process and protecting neuron structure of hippocampus in diabetic db/db mice. Methods: Male db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db group (n = 8) and db/db+NBP group (n = 8, 120mg/Kg NBP by gavage). Male db/m mice (n = 8) were included as control group. All animals were treated for 6 weeks. Morris Water Maze test was carried out to evaluate cognitive function. Electrophysiological recordings were performed to test LTP level. HE-staining and electron microscopy of hippocampus were used to observe structure change of neurons and synapse. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to assess the expression of CaMKII, NR2B, and GluR1. Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus caused LTP decline, and significantly decreased NR2B, CaMKII, and GluR1 expression. Histological analysis showed that disorganized pyramidal cells, as well as degraded neuron and synapse ultrastructure in db/db mice. NBP treatment restored LTP and its associated proteins in db/db mice. The structure changes of hippocampal cells were partly reversed by NBP intervention. Conclusion: These results suggest that NBP ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus through improving CaMKII-mediated LTP and cell ultrastructure in the hippocampus. NBP is a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes-associated cognitive deficits. Abbreviations: NBP: DL-3-n-butylphthalide; LTP: long-term potentiation; CaMKII: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; NR2B: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor subtype 2B; GluR1: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subtype 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , China
| | - Suxiao Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Handan First Hospital , Handan , Hebei , China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , China
| | - Songyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , China
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13
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Du F, Zhou Q, Fu X, Shi Y, Chen Y, Fang W, Yang J, Chen G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,2-dimethylbenzopyran derivatives as potent neuroprotection agents. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2498-2508. [PMID: 35520520 PMCID: PMC9059924 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel neuroprotection agents is of great significance for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In this study, a series of compounds comprising 2,2-dimethylbenzopyran groups and cinnamic acid groups have been synthesized. Preferential combination principles and bioisostere that improved the neuroprotective effect of the compounds were identified for this series via biological activity assay in vitro. Meanwhile, a functional reversal group of the acrylamide amide resulted in the most active compounds. Among them, BN-07 significantly improved the morphology of neurons and obviously increased cell survival rate of primary neurons induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), superior to clinically used anti-ischemic stroke drug edaravone (Eda). Overall, our findings may provide an alternative strategy for the design of novel anti-ischemic stroke agents with more potency than Eda. Novel compounds comprising 2,2-dimethylbenzopyran and cinnamic acid were synthesized. BN-07 significantly increased survival rate of primary neurons, superior to edaravone.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Du
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Qifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Yajie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Wuhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
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14
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Huang L, Wang S, Ma F, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Xing C, Feng Y, Wang X, Peng Y. From stroke to neurodegenerative diseases: The multi-target neuroprotective effects of 3-n-butylphthalide and its derivatives. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:201-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Wang P, Shao BZ, Deng Z, Chen S, Yue Z, Miao CY. Autophagy in ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:98-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Liu RZ, Fan CX, Zhang ZL, Zhao X, Sun Y, Liu HH, Nie ZX, Pu XP. Effects of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on Cerebral Ischemia Infarction in Rat Model by Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112451. [PMID: 29165327 PMCID: PMC5713418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a drug that is used in the treatment of ischaemic stroke. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no systematic studies investigating the effects of dl-3-n-butylphtalide on the brain metabolism of small molecules. In this study, we first investigated the effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on the spatial distribution of small molecules in the brains of rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF–MS) imaging. After pMCAO modelling or a sham operation, rats were given four mg/kg of dl-3-n-butylphthalide through the caudal vein or saline once a day for nine days. The degree of neurological deficit in rats was evaluated using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). MALDI–TOF–MS imaging was used to observe the content and distribution of small molecules related to metabolism during focal cerebral ischaemia. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used to verify the results obtained from MALDI–TOF–MS imaging. These small molecules were found to be involved in glucose metabolism, ATP metabolism, the glutamate–glutamine cycle, malate aspartate shuttle, oxidative stress, and inorganic ion homeostasis. Of the 13 metabolites identified by MALDI–TOF–MS imaging, seven compounds, ATP, ADP, AMP, GMP, N-acetylaspartic acid, ascorbic acid and glutathione, were further validated by LC–MS/MS. Taken together, these results indicate that dl-3-n-butylphthalide significantly improved ATP metabolism, level of antioxidants, and sodium-potassium ion balance in a rat model of pMCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Zhe Liu
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Chao-Xin Fan
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhi-Lin Zhang
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zong-Xiu Nie
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Pu
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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17
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Chen J, Wang J, Zhang J, Pu C. Effect of butylphthalide intervention on experimental autoimmune myositis in guinea pigs. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:152-158. [PMID: 29387187 PMCID: PMC5768128 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of rare muscular diseases that are characterized by acute, subacute or chronic proximal and symmetric muscle weakness, muscle fiber necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly activated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and phagocytes. 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) protects mitochondria and reduces the inflammatory response in multiple disease models. In myositis, it has remained elusive whether NBP can protect muscle cells from muscle fiber injury. Experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) was induced in a total of 40 guinea pigs by myosin immunization. After 4 weeks, low- or high-dose NBP solution was intraperitoneally injected. Saline solution was used as a negative control. After 10 days, the clinical manifestations were assessed by determining rodent grasping power, histopathological changes, Ca2+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity by an ATPase kit, and mRNA expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor (ROR)γt and forkhead box (Fox) p3 in muscle tissue by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. It was demonstrated that NBP improved the myodynamia of guinea pigs with EAM and reduced the pathological inflammatory cell infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. NBP improved the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the muscle mitochondrial membrane and muscle plasma membrane in animals with EAM. It also reduced the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and RORγt, and significantly increased the mRNA expression of Foxp3 in muscle tissue. These results provided a basis for the consideration of NBP as a novel agent for the treatment of myositis and other muscular diseases associated with autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chuanqiang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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18
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Xiong Z, Lu W, Zhu L, Zeng L, Shi C, Jing Z, Xiang Y, Li W, Tsang CK, Ruan Y, Huang L. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Treatment Enhances Hemodynamics and Ameliorates Memory Deficits in Rats with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:238. [PMID: 28798681 PMCID: PMC5526838 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has revealed that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) activates a compensatory vascular mechanism attempting to maintain an optimal cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, this compensation fails to prevent neuronal death and cognitive impairment because neurons die prior to the restoration of normal CBF. Therefore, pharmacological invention may be critical to enhance the CBF for reducing neurodegeneration and memory deficit. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a compound isolated from the seeds of Chinese celery and has been proven to be able to prevent neuronal loss, reduce inflammation and ameliorate memory deficits in acute ischemic animal models and stroke patients. In the present study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, immunohistochemistry and Morris water maze (MWM) to investigate whether NBP can accelerate CBF recovery, reduce neuronal death and improve cognitive deficits in CCH rats after permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Rats were intravenously injected with NBP (5 mg/kg) daily for 14 days beginning the first day after BCCAO. The results showed that NBP shortened recovery time of CBF to pre-occlusion levels at 2 weeks following BCCAO, compared to 4 weeks in the vehicle group, and enhanced hemodynamic compensation through dilation of the vertebral arteries (VAs) and increase in angiogenesis. NBP treatment also markedly reduced reactive astrogliosis and cell apoptosis and protected hippocampal neurons against ischemic injury. The escape latency of CCH rats in the MWM was also reduced in response to NBP treatment. These findings demonstrate that NBP can accelerate the recovery of CBF and improve cognitive function in a rat model of CCH, suggesting that NBP is a promising therapy for CCH patients or vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Zhu
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Xiang
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chi Kwan Tsang
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Ruan
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China.,Ministry of Education, CNS Regeneration International Collaborative Laboratory, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Jinan University School of MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Li'an Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
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19
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Zhang X, Li Y, Li X, Rong X, Tang Y, Peng Y. Neuroprotective effect of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on patients with radiation-induced brain injury: a clinical retrospective cohort study. Int J Neurosci 2017; 127:1059-1064. [PMID: 28332424 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1310727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangpen Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Hamed SA. Brain injury with diabetes mellitus: evidence, mechanisms and treatment implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:409-428. [PMID: 28276776 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1293521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa A. Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital , Assiut, Egypt
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21
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Yan H, Yan Z, Niu X, Wang J, Gui Y, Zhang P. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide can improve the cognitive function of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a prospective intervention study. Neurol Res 2017; 39:337-343. [PMID: 28145815 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1268775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Yan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhixin Yan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xiaolu Niu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Jianling Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yongkun Gui
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
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22
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The fate of medications evaluated for ischemic stroke pharmacotherapy over the period 1995-2015. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:522-530. [PMID: 27818918 PMCID: PMC5071630 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a brain damage caused by a loss of blood supply to a portion of the brain, which requires prompt and effective treatment. The current pharmacotherapy for ischemic stroke primarily relies on thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (rt-PAs) to breakdown blood clots. Neuroprotective agents that inhibit excitatory neurotransmitters are also used to treat ischemic stroke but have failed to translate into clinical benefits. This poses a major challenge in biomedical research to understand what causes the progressive brain cell death after stroke and how to develop an effective pharmacotherapy for stroke. This brief review analyzes the fate of about 430 potentially useful stroke medications over the period 1995–2015 and describes in detail those that successfully reached the market. Hopefully, the information from this analysis will shed light on how future stroke research can improve stroke drug discovery.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
- ASIC1a, acid-sensing ion channel 1a
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CFDA, the China Food and Drug Administration
- CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor
- GDNF, glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor
- Ion channel
- Ischemic stroke
- MHRA, Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
- NBP, butylphthalide/3-n-butylphthalide
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate
- Neuroprotective agent
- Non-NMDA mechanism
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TRP, transient receptor potential
- TRPC, transient receptor potential canonical
- TRPM, transient receptor potential melastatin
- TRPV, transient receptor potential vanilloid
- Thrombosis
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- iGluRs, ionotropic glutamate receptors
- rt-Pas, recombinant tissue plasminogen activators
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Time-Dependent Changes in Apoptosis Upon Autophagy Inhibition in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:223-234. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Xue LX, Zhang T, Zhao YW, Geng Z, Chen JJ, Chen H. Efficacy and safety comparison of DL-3-n-butylphthalide and Cerebrolysin: Effects on neurological and behavioral outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2015-2020. [PMID: 27168844 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrolysin and DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) have each shown neuroprotective efficacy in preclinical models of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and passed clinical trials as therapeutic drugs for AIS. The present study was a clinical trial to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of NBP and Cerebrolysin in the reduction of neurological and behavioral disability following AIS. A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted with enrolment of 60 patients within 12 h of AIS. In addition to routine treatment, patients were randomly assigned to receive a 10-day intravenous administration of NBP, Cerebrolysin or placebo. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel Index (BI) scores were used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment in the patients with AIS at 11 and 21 days after the initiation of therapy. Adverse events were also analyzed among the three groups. After 10 days of treatment with NBP or Cerebrolysin, the NIHSS and BI scores at day 21 showed statistical differences compared with those in the placebo group (P<0.05). The improvements of NIHSS and BI scores in the NBP and Cerebrolysin groups were higher than those in the placebo group at days 11 and 21 (P<0.05). A statistically significant difference in the improvement of 21-day NIHSS scores was observed between the two treatment groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was found among the three groups with regard to the rate of adverse events. Favorable outcomes and good safety were observed in the patients with moderate AIS treated with NBP or Cerebrolysin. The results indicate that NBP may be more effective than Cerebrolysin in improving short-term outcomes following AIS. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with clinical trial identifier number NCT02149875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Xue
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Jian Y, Ji J, Huang Z, Gao Y, Sheng X, Yin W, Zhang D, Ji H, Zhang Y. Enantiomers of 3-pentylbenzo[c]thiophen-1(3H)-one: preparation and evaluation of anti-ischemic stroke activities. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)- and (S)-1 were as potent as racemate 1 in antiplatelet aggregation, antioxidation, reduction of infarct size and brain-water content, as well as neurological deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Xiao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
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26
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Chen RF, Zhang T, Sun YY, Sun YM, Chen WQ, Shi N, Shen F, Zhang Y, Liu KY, Sun XJ. Oxygen-glucose deprivation regulates BACE1 expression through induction of autophagy in Neuro-2a/APP695 cells. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1433-40. [PMID: 26604904 PMCID: PMC4625509 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.165511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous findings have demonstrated that autophagy regulation can alleviate the decline of learning and memory by eliminating deposition of extracellular beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain after stroke, but the exact mechanism is unclear. It is presumed that the regulation of beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), the rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of Aβ, would be a key site. Neuro-2a/amyloid precursor protein 695 (APP695) cell models of cerebral ischemia were established by oxygen-glucose deprivation to investigate the effects of Rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) or 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) on the expression of BACE1. Either oxygen-glucose deprivation or Rapamycin down-regulated the expression of BACE1 while 3-methyladenine up-regulated BACE1 expression. These results confirm that oxygen-glucose deprivation down-regulates BACE1 expression in Neuro-2a/APP695 cells through the introduction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Yi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Meng Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ; Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Carvalho C, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI. Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes-related alterations in brain mitochondria, autophagy and synaptic markers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1665-75. [PMID: 25960150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate mitochondrial function, biogenesis and autophagy in the brain of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. Isolated brain mitochondria and homogenates from cerebral cortex and hippocampus of wild-type (WT), triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) and T2D mice were used to evaluate mitochondrial functional parameters and protein levels of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and synaptic integrity markers, respectively. A significant decrease in mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential and energy levels was observed in T2D and 3xTg-AD mice. Also, a significant decrease in the levels of autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) and glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) was observed in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of T2D and 3xTg-AD mice. Moreover, both brain regions of 3xTg-AD mice present lower levels of nuclear respiratory factor (NRF) 1 while the levels of NRF2 are lower in both brain regions of T2D and 3xTg-AD mice. A decrease in mitochondrial encoded, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) was also observed in T2D and 3xTg-AD mice although only statistically significant in T2D cortex. Furthermore, a decrease in the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in the cerebral cortex of 3xTg-AD mice and in hippocampus of T2D and 3xTg-AD mice and a decrease in the levels of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP 25) in the hippocampus of T2D and 3xTg-AD mice were observed suggesting synaptic integrity loss. These results support the idea that alterations in mitochondrial function, biogenesis and autophagy cause synaptic damage in AD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria S Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina R Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Yang W, Li L, Huang R, Pei Z, Liao S, Zeng J. Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha mediates protection of DL-3-n-butylphthalide in brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:948-54. [PMID: 25722681 PMCID: PMC4341293 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can significantly alleviate oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at least partly associated with its enhancement on oxygen glucose deprivation -induced hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression. In this study, we hypothesized that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can protect against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury of newborn rat brain microvascular endothelial cells by means of upregulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression. MTT assay and Hoechst staining results showed that DL-3-n-butylphthalide protected brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining results further confirmed that the protective effect was related to upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α. Real-time RT-PCR reaction results showed that DL-3-n-butylphthalide reduced apoptosis by inhibiting downregulation of pro-apoptotic gene caspase-3 mRNA expression and upregulation of apoptosis-executive protease bcl-2 mRNA expression; however, DL-3-n-butylphthalide had no protective effects on brain microvascular endothelial cells after knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor-1α by small interfering RNA. These findings suggest that DL-3-n-butylphthalide can protect brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced injury by upregulating bcl-2 expression and downregulating caspase-3 expression though hypoxia inducible factor-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruxun Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Songjie Liao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhao Y, Li J, Zhang P, Chen C, Li S. Protective effects of dl-3n-butylphthalide against diffuse brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2615-24. [PMID: 25206572 PMCID: PMC4146025 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.28.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dl-3n-butylphthalide can effectively treat cerebral ischemia; however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of dl-3n-butylphthalide on microcirculation disorders following diffuse brain injury remain unclear. In this study, models of diffuse brain injury were established in Sprague-Dawley rats with the vertical impact method. Dl-3n-butylphthalide at 80 and 160 mg/kg was given via intraperitoneal injection immediately after diffuse brain injury. Ultrastructural changes in the cerebral cortex were observed using electron microscopy. Cerebral blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, vascular density was marked by tannic acid-ferric chloride staining, vascular permeability was es-timated by the Evans blue method, brain water content was measured using the dry-wet method, and rat behavior was measured by motor function and sensory function tests. At 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after administration of dl-3n-butylphthalide, reduced cerebral ultrastructure damage, creased vascular density and cerebral blood flow, and improved motor and sensory functions were observed. Our findings demonstrate that dl-3n-butylphthalide may have protective effects against diffuse brain injury by ameliorating microcirculation disorder and reducing blood-brain barrier age and cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhao
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Changxiang Chen
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuxing Li
- College of Rehabilitation, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
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Li J, Zhang S, Zhang L, Wang R, Wang M. Effects of l-3-n-Butylphthalide on Cognitive Dysfunction and NR2B Expression in Hippocampus of Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:315-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang T, Wang H, Li Q, Huang J, Sun X. Modulating autophagy affects neuroamyloidogenesis in an in vitro ischemic stroke model. Neuroscience 2014; 263:130-7. [PMID: 24440753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the effects of modulating autophagy on neuroamyloidogenesis in an ischemic stroke model of cultured neuroblastoma 2a (N2a)/Amyloid precursor protein (APP)695 cells. METHODS The ischemic stroke model of N2a/APP695 cells was made by 6h oxygen-glucose deprivation/12h reperfusion (OGDR). Drug administration of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), rapamycin or dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) was started at the beginning of the OGDR and lasted until the end of reperfusion, in order to explore their effects on N2a/APP695 cells under OGDR conditions. Then the cells were incubated in the drug-free and full culture medium under normoxic conditions for 12h. Cell viability and injury were investigated. The key proteins of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and a key component of autophagy Beclin 1 were detected by Western blotting; immunofluorescence double-staining of amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42 with Beclin 1 was performed to investigate their cellular co-localization relationship; β-secretase and γ-secretase activity assay and Aβ1-42 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to investigate the amyloidogenesis. RESULTS The results showed that, OGDR enhanced cell injury, autophagy activity, neuroinflammation and Aβ generation in N2a/APP695 cells; down-regulating autophagy by 3-MA and NBP increased cell viability, decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway, suppressed β- and γ-secretase activities and Aβ generation; while up-regulating autophagy by rapamycin got the opposite results; immunofluorescence double-staining results showed elevated Aβ1-42(+) signal was co-localized with Beclin 1(+) signal. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that down-regulating autophagy may inhibit ischemia-induced neuroamyloidogenesis via suppressing the activation of NF-κB pathway. This study might help us to find a new therapeutic strategy to prevent brain ischemic damage and depress the risk of post-stroke dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affillilated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affillilated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affillilated Nineth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affillilated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affillilated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Wei N, Yu S, Gu X, Chen D, Whalin MK, Xu G, Liu X, Wei L. The involvement of autophagy pathway in exaggerated ischemic brain damage in diabetic mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:753-63. [PMID: 23731488 PMCID: PMC6493478 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Diabetes are at greater risk for ischemic stroke and usually suffer more severe ischemic brain damage than nondiabetic patients. However, the underlying mechanism of the exaggerated injury is not well defined. AIMS Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy in this report) plays a key role in cellular homeostasis and may contribute to cell death as well. Our aim was to determine whether autophagy was involved in the enhanced susceptibility of diabetic brain cells to ischemic injury and explore it as a possible target for the treatment of stroke in a diabetic condition. RESULTS A type II diabetic mouse model generated by combined administration of streptozotocin and nicotinamide showed enlarged infarct volume, increased cell death and excessive blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption compared with nondiabetic stroke mice. After ischemic stroke, both diabetic and nondiabetic mice showed enhanced autophagosome formation and autophagic flux as demonstrated by increased expression of autophagy signals Beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein light-chain II (LC3-II), and decreased autophagy-specific substrate p62. The increased autophagic activity was significantly higher in diabetic stroke mice than that in nondiabetic stroke mice. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the exaggerated brain injury and improved functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that autophagy contributes to exacerbated brain injury in diabetic condition, and autophagy-mediated cell death may be a therapeutic target in diabetic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Department of NeurologyNanjing University School of Medicine, Jinling HospitalNanjingChina,Department of AnesthesiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Shan‐Ping Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Xiao‐Huan Gu
- Department of AnesthesiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Dong‐Dong Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Matthew K. Whalin
- Department of AnesthesiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Ge‐Lin Xu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing University School of Medicine, Jinling HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Xin‐Feng Liu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing University School of Medicine, Jinling HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of AnesthesiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA,Department of NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
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Son SM, Song H, Byun J, Park KS, Jang HC, Park YJ, Mook-Jung I. Altered APP processing in insulin-resistant conditions is mediated by autophagosome accumulation via the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Diabetes 2012; 61:3126-38. [PMID: 22829447 PMCID: PMC3501871 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, one of the major components of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of intra- and extracellular amyloid β peptide (Aβ). Insulin resistance is known to increase Aβ generation, but the underlying mechanism that links insulin resistance to increased Aβ generation is unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in mouse brains. We found that the induced insulin resistance promoted Aβ generation in the brain via altered insulin signal transduction, increased β- and γ-secretase activities, and accumulation of autophagosomes. These findings were confirmed in diabetic db/db mice brains. Furthermore, in vitro experiments in insulin-resistant SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons confirmed the alteration of APP processing by insulin resistance-induced autophagosome accumulation. Defects in insulin signal transduction affect autophagic flux by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, resulting in altered APP processing in these cell culture systems. Thus, the insulin resistance that underlies the pathogenesis of T2DM might also trigger accumulation of autophagosomes, leading to increased Aβ generation, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayoung Byun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Inhee Mook-Jung,
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Wei K, Wang P, Miao CY. A double-edged sword with therapeutic potential: an updated role of autophagy in ischemic cerebral injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:879-86. [PMID: 22998350 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a severe outcome that could cause cognitive and motor dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases and even acute death. Although the existence of autophagy in cerebral ischemia is undisputable, the consensus has not yet been reached regarding the exact functions and influence of autophagy in cerebral ischemia. Whether the activation of autophagy is beneficial or harmful in cerebral ischemia injury largely depends on the balance between the burden of intracellular substrate targeted for autophagy and the capacity of the cellular autophagic machinery. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the autophagy in cerebral ischemia are far from clear yet. This brief review focuses on not only the current understanding of biological effects of autophagy, but also the therapeutic potentials of autophagy in ischemic stroke. There are disputes over the exact role of autophagy in cerebral ischemia. Application of chemical autophagy inhibitor (e.g., 3-methyladenine) or inducer (e.g., rapamycin) in vitro and in vivo was reported to protect or harm neuronal cell. Knockdown of autophagic protein, such as Beclin 1, was also reported to modulate the cerebral ischemia-induced injury. Moreover, autophagy inhibitor abolished the neuroprotection of ischemic preconditioning, implying a neuroprotective effect of autophagy. To clarify these issues on autophagy in cerebral ischemia, future investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Liu K, Huang J, Chen R, Zhang T, Shen L, Yang J, Sun X. Protection against neurotoxicity by an autophagic mechanism. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:401-7. [PMID: 22437482 PMCID: PMC3854284 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cellular model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to illustrate the potential mechanism of autophagy in this process. For this purpose, rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells were treated with MPP+ (1 mM) for 24 h following pretreatment with NBP (0.1 mM). Cell metabolic viability was determined by the MTT assay and cell ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The intracellular distribution and expression of α-synuclein and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that: 1) NBP prevented MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells by promoting metabolic viability. 2) NBP induced the accumulation of autophagosomes in MPP+-treated PC12 cells. 3) Further study of the molecular mechanism demonstrated that NBP enhanced the colocalization of α-synuclein and LC3 and up-regulated the protein level of LC3-II. These results demonstrate that NBP protects PC12 cells against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity by activating autophagy-mediated α-synuclein degradation, implying that it may be a potential effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
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Effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide on Vascular Dementia and Angiogenesis. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:911-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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