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Ghalibaf MHE, Kianian F, Beigoli S, Behrouz S, Marefati N, Boskabady M, Boskabady MH. The effects of vitamin C on respiratory, allergic and immunological diseases: an experimental and clinical-based review. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:653-672. [PMID: 36849854 PMCID: PMC9970132 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C is used in modern medicine supplements for treatment of various disorders associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and immune dysregulation. In this review article, experimental and clinical results regarding the effects of vitamin C on respiratory immunologic, and allergic diseases are reviewed. Various databases and appropriate keywords are used to search the effect of vitamin C on respiratory diseases until the end of May 2022. Books, theses and articles were included. These studies assessed the effects of vitamin C on respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung infection and lung cancer. Vitamin C showed relaxant effect on tracheal smooth muscle via various mechanisms. The preventive effects of vitamin C were mediated by antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases. Some clinical studies also indicated the effect of vitamin C on lung cancer and lung infections. Therefore, vitamin C could be used a preventive and/or relieving therapy in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Eshaghi Ghalibaf
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Post Code 9177948564, IR, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Post Code 9177948564, IR, Iran
| | - Sepideh Behrouz
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Post Code 9177948564, IR, Iran
| | - Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Post Code 9177948564, IR, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Diederich A, Fründ HJ, Trojanowicz B, Navarrete Santos A, Nguyen AD, Hoang-Vu C, Gernhardt CR. Influence of Ascorbic Acid as a Growth and Differentiation Factor on Dental Stem Cells Used in Regenerative Endodontic Therapies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031196. [PMID: 36769844 PMCID: PMC9917775 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C is one of the major extracellular nonenzymatic antioxidants involved in the biosynthesis of collagen. It promotes the growth of fibroblasts, wound healing processes, and enhances the survival and differentiation of osteoblasts. The potential effects of ascorbic acid on human dental pulp cells (DPC) and the cells of the apical papilla (CAP) used in actual regenerative endodontic procedures remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the possible employment of ascorbic acid in the differentiation and regenerative therapies of DPC and CAP. METHODS Nine extracted human wisdom teeth were selected for this study. Subpopulations of stem cells within DPC and CAP were sorted with the mesenchymal stem cell marker STRO-1, followed by treatments with different concentrations (0 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1.0 mM) of ascorbic acid (AA), RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS FACS analysis revealed the presence of cell subpopulations characterized by a strong expression of mesenchymal stem cell marker STRO-1 and dental stem cell markers CD105, CD44, CD146, CD90, and CD29. Treatment of the cells with defined amounts of AA revealed a markedly increased expression of proliferation marker Ki-67, especially in the concentration range between 0.1 mM and 0.5 mM. Further investigations demonstrated that treatment with AA led to significantly increased expression of common stem cell markers OCT4, Nanog, and Sox2. The most potent proliferative and expressional effects of AA were observed in the concentration of 0.1 mM. CONCLUSIONS AA might be a novel and potent growth promoter of human dental cells. Increasing the properties of human dental pulp cells and the cells of the apical papilla using AA could be a useful factor for further clinical developments of regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Diederich
- University Outpatient Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-3737
| | - Hanna Juliane Fründ
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Bogusz Trojanowicz
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Anh Duc Nguyen
- University Outpatient Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany
- Private Dental Practice, Dr. Juliane Gernhardt, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Cuong Hoang-Vu
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Ralf Gernhardt
- University Outpatient Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany
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Mudgal R, Sharma S, Singh S, Ravichandiran V. The neuroprotective effect of ascorbic acid against imidacloprid-induced neurotoxicity and the role of HO-1 in mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1130575. [PMID: 37153653 PMCID: PMC10157196 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1130575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is not only a neurotoxic agricultural pesticide but also a possible food contaminant. The aims of this study were to (1) explore the relationship between recurrent IMI administration and neuronal toxicity in mice and (2) evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of ascorbic acid (AA), a substance with significant free radical scavenger and having property to block the inflammatory pathways. Mice were categorized as naïve controls (administered vehicles for 28 days); the IMI-treatment animal group (administered po 45-mg/kg body weight of IMI per day for 28 days); and the IMI + AA treatment animal group (administered the same IMI dose + 200 mg/kg of AA orally for 28 days). On day 28, memory losses were assessed using the Y-maze and novel target identification behavioral tests. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after the final IMI treatments, as well as hippocampus tissues, were utilized to determine histological assessments, oxidative stress biomarkers, and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression levels. The findings demonstrated that IMI-treated mice had substantial impairment of spatial and non-spatial memory functions, as well as reduced antioxidant enzyme and acetylcholinesterase activity. The AA neuroprotective action was achieved through the suppression of the HO-1 expression as well as the stimulation of Nrf2 expression in hippocampal tissues. In summary, recurrent IMI exposure causes oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in mice, and the administration of AA significantly reduces the IMI toxicity possibly by the activation of the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Zaher A, Stephens LM, Miller AM, Hartwig SM, Stolwijk JM, Petronek MS, Zacharias ZR, Wadas TJ, Monga V, Cullen JJ, Furqan M, Houtman JCD, Varga SM, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Pharmacological ascorbate as a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989000. [PMID: 36072595 PMCID: PMC9444023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (i.e., intravenous infusions of vitamin C reaching ~ 20 mM in plasma) is under active investigation as an adjuvant to standard of care anti-cancer treatments due to its dual redox roles as an antioxidant in normal tissues and as a prooxidant in malignant tissues. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are highly promising therapies for many cancer patients but face several challenges including low response rates, primary or acquired resistance, and toxicity. Ascorbate modulates both innate and adaptive immune functions and plays a key role in maintaining the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory states. Furthermore, the success of pharmacological ascorbate as a radiosensitizer and a chemosensitizer in pre-clinical studies and early phase clinical trials suggests that it may also enhance the efficacy and expand the benefits of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaher
- Cancer Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Laura M. Stephens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ann M. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stacey M. Hartwig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Stolwijk
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael S. Petronek
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Zeb R. Zacharias
- Human Immunology Core & Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thaddeus J. Wadas
- Department of Radiology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Varun Monga
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Department of Surgery, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jon C. D. Houtman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Steven M. Varga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bryan G. Allen,
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Szarka A, Lőrincz T, Hajdinák P. Friend or Foe: The Relativity of (Anti)oxidative Agents and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095188. [PMID: 35563576 PMCID: PMC9099968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An element, iron, a process, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a molecule, ascorbate, were chosen in our study to show their dual functions and their role in cell fate decision. Iron is a critical component of numerous proteins involved in metabolism and detoxification. On the other hand, excessive amounts of free iron in the presence of oxygen can promote the production of potentially toxic ROS. They can result in persistent oxidative stress, which in turn can lead to damage and cell death. At the same time, ROS—at strictly regulated levels—are essential to maintaining the redox homeostasis, and they are engaged in many cellular signaling pathways, so their total elimination is not expedient. Ascorbate establishes a special link between ROS generation/elimination and cell death. At low concentrations, it behaves as an excellent antioxidant and has an important role in ROS elimination. However, at high concentrations, in the presence of transition metals such as iron, it drives the generation of ROS. In the term of the dual function of these molecules and oxidative stress, ascorbate/ROS-driven cell deaths are not necessarily harmful processes—they can be live-savers too.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hajdinák
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Mir HA, Ali R, Wani ZA, Khanday FA. Pro-oxidant vitamin C mechanistically exploits p66Shc/Rac1GTPase pathway in inducing cytotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:154-168. [PMID: 35181322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
P66Shc is the master regulator of oxidative stress whose pro-oxidant functioning is governed by ser36 phosphorylation. Phosphorylated p66Shc via Rac1GTPase activation modulates ROS levels which in turn influence its pro-oxidative functions. Vitamin C at higher concentrations exhibits cytotoxic activity in various cancers, inducing ROS mediated cell death via pro-apoptotic mechanisms. Here we show a novel role of p66Shc in mediating pro-oxidant activity of vitamin C. Effect of vitamin C on the viability of breast cancer and normal cells was studied. High doses of vitamin C decreased viability of cancerous cells but not normal cells. Docking study displayed significant binding affinity of vitamin C with p66Shc PTB domain. Western blot results suggest that vitamin C not only enhances p66Shc expression but also induces its ser36 phosphorylation. Vitamin C at high doses was also found to activate Rac1, enhance ROS production and induce apoptosis. Interestingly, ser36 phosphorylation mutant transfection and pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine results indicate that vitamin C induced Rac1 activation, ROS production and apoptosis is p66Shc ser36 phosphorylation dependent. Overall, results highlight that vitamin C mechanistically explores p66Shc/Rac1 pathway in inducing apoptosis and thus can pave a way to use this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Roshia Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Firdous Ahmad Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
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7
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Schmidt T, Kahn R, Kahn F. Ascorbic acid attenuates activation and cytokine production in sepsis-like monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:491-498. [PMID: 35141934 PMCID: PMC9543185 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ab0521-243r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis manifests due to the host's dysregulated immune response to infection. High-dose ascorbic acid (AA) has emerged as a potential treatment of sepsis, yet little is known regarding how AA influences the immune system in sepsis, such as monocytes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of high-dose AA on monocyte polarization and cytokine production in vitro. Monocytes isolated from healthy donors (n = 6) were polarized in vitro for 48 h using LPS or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Polarization was confirmed by surface marker expression using flow cytometry. In parallel, monocytes from septic patients (n = 3) were analyzed for polarization markers as a comparison with the in vitro polarization. The effect of AA on monocyte polarization was then evaluated. Finally, monocytes were analyzed for cytokine production by intracellular staining. Both LPS and LTA induced polarization in healthy monocytes in vitro, with increased expression of both pro (M1) (CD40 and PDL1, p < 0.05) and anti-inflammatory (M2) (CD16 and CD163, p < 0.05) polarization markers. This pattern resembled that of monocytes from septic patients. Treatment with AA significantly inhibited surface expression of CD16 and CD163 (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, AA attenuated LPS- or LTA-induced cytokine production of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. In conclusion, AA attenuates proinflammatory cytokine production and diminishes up-regulation of CD16 and CD163, but not of CD40 and PDL-1 in LPS- or LTA-polarized monocytes. This study provides important insight into the effects of high-dose AA on monocytes and potential implications in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robin Kahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Kahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Zhao G, Li P, Mu H, Li N, Peng Y. L-Ascorbic Acid Shapes Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serogroup A Infection. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:687922. [PMID: 34307527 PMCID: PMC8295749 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.687922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Pasteurella multocida serogroup A (bovine PmA) is one of the most important pathogens causing fatal pneumonia in cattle. However, it is largely unknown how nutrition shapes bovine PmA infection. Here, we discovered that the infected lung held the highest bacterial density than other tissues during infection. By screening the different metabolites between high (lung)- and low (liver)-bacterial density tissues, the present work revealed that L-ascorbic acid and L-aspartic acid directly influenced bovine P. multocida growth. Interestingly, L-ascorbic acid, which is expressed at higher levels in the infected livers, inhibited bovine PmA growth as well as virulence factor expression and promoted macrophage bactericidal activity in vitro. In addition, ascorbic acid synthesis was repressed upon bovine PmA infection, and supplementation with exogenous L-ascorbic acid significantly reduced the bacterial burden of the infected lungs and mouse mortality. Collectively, our study has profiled the metabolite difference of the murine lung and liver during bovine PmA infection. The screened L-ascorbic acid showed repression of bovine PmA growth and virulence expression in vitro and supplementation could significantly increase the survival rate of mice and reduce the bacterial load in vivo, which implied that L-ascorbic acid could serve as a potential protective agent for bovine PmA infection in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Education of Ministry, The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Mu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengzhang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Barbasz A, Oćwieja M, Piergies N, Duraczyńska D, Nowak A. Antioxidant-modulated cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1863-1878. [PMID: 33881181 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using compounds exhibiting biological activity seem to constitute an interesting issue worthy of examination. In these studies, two types of AgNPs were synthesized by a chemical reduction method using well-known antioxidants: gallic acid (GA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the AgNPs were spherical. The average size was equal to 26 ± 6 nm and 20 ± 7 nm in the case of ascorbic acid-silver nanoparticles (AAgNPs) and gallic acid-silver nanoparticles (GAAgNPs), respectively. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) confirmed that the AgNPs were not stabilized by pure forms of applied antioxidants. Changes in mitochondrial activity and secretion of inflammatory and apoptosis mediators after the exposure of human promyelocytic (HL-60) and histiocytic lymphoma (U-937) cells to the AgNPs were studied to determine the impact of stabilizing layers on nanoparticle toxicity. The GAAgNPs were found to be more toxic for the cells than the AAgNPs. Their toxicity was manifested by a strong reduction in mitochondrial activity and induction of the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and caspase-9. The addition of pure antioxidants to the AgNP suspensions was found to influence their toxicity. There was a significant positive effect in the case of the mixture of AA with AAgNPs and GA with GAAgNPs. The results obtained suggest that the presence of stabilizing agents adsorbed on the surface of AgNPs is the main factor in shaping their toxicity. Nevertheless, the toxic effect can be also tuned by the introduction of free antioxidant molecules to the AgNP suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbasz
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Oćwieja
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Piergies
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Duraczyńska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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10
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Dahou S, Smahi MCE, Nouari W, Dahmani Z, Benmansour S, Ysmail-Dahlouk L, Miliani M, Yebdri F, Fakir N, Laoufi MY, Chaib-Draa M, Tourabi A, Aribi M. L-Threoascorbic acid treatment promotes S. aureus-infected primary human endothelial cells survival and function, as well as intracellular bacterial killing, and immunomodulates the release of IL-1β and soluble ICAM-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107476. [PMID: 33676147 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AscH2) has been shown to enhance immunity. Here, we studied its immunomodulatory effect on human endothelial cells (ECs) during S. aureus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ex vivo effects of AscH2 were performed on primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) infected or not with S. aureus. RESULTS AscH2 treatment induced a marked downregulation of nitric oxide (NO) production and a moderate upregulation of arginase activity in S. aureus-infected HUVECs (respectively, p < 0.05 and p > 0.05). Although the upregulated release levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (sICAM-1/sCD54) and sE-selectin (sCD62E) molecules were not significantly different between treated and untreated S. aureus-infected HUVECs, AscH2 treatment induced reversing effect on sICAM-1 release when comparing to uninfected control HUVECs. Moreover, AscH2 treatment appears to have a significant effect on preventing HUVEC necrosis induced by S. aureus infection (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AscH2 treatment induced a significant upregulation of cell protective redox biomarker in S. aureus-infected, as shown by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.05), but not by catalase activity (p > 0.05). Additionally, S. aureus infection markedly downregulated total bound calcium ions (bCa2+) levels as compared to control HUVECs, whereas, AscH2 treatment induced a slight upregulation of bCa2+ levels in infected HUVECs as compared to infected and untreated HUVECs (p > 0.05). On the other hand, AscH2 treatment downregulated increased total cellular cholesterol content (tccCHOL) levels in HUVECs induced by S. aureus infection (p < 0.05). In addition, AscH2 treatment markedly reversed S. aureus effect on upregulation of intracellular glucose (iGLU) levels within infected HUVECs (p < 0.05). Moreover, AscH2 treatment significantly downregulated S. aureus growth (p < 0.05), and significantly upregulated bacterial internalization and intracellular killing by HUVECs (p < 0.05), as well as their cell cycle activation (p < 0.01). Finally, AscH2 treatment has a slight effect on the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), but induced a marked downregulation of that of IL-1β in S. aureus-infected HUVECs (respectively, p > 0.05, and p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our outcomes demonstrated that, during S. aureus infection, AscH2 treatment promotes human ECs survival and function, as well as prevents inflammatory response exacerbation, while inducing bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dahou
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Chems-Eddine Smahi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria; Neonatal Department of Specialized Maternal and Child Hospital of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Wafa Nouari
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zoheir Dahmani
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Souheila Benmansour
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria; Neonatal Department of Specialized Maternal and Child Hospital of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Lamia Ysmail-Dahlouk
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Maroua Miliani
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fadela Yebdri
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Nassima Fakir
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Yassine Laoufi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria; Neonatal Department of Specialized Maternal and Child Hospital of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mouad Chaib-Draa
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Amina Tourabi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria.
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11
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Two Distinct Faces of Vitamin C: AA vs. DHA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020215. [PMID: 33535710 PMCID: PMC7912923 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, vitamin C has been associated with many regulatory processes that involve specific signaling pathways. Among the most studied signaling pathways are those involved in the regulation of aging, differentiation, neurotransmission, proliferation, and cell death processes in cancer. This wide variety of regulatory effects is due to the fact that vitamin C has a dual mechanism of action. On the one hand, it regulates the expression of genes associated with proliferation (Ccnf and Ccnb1), differentiation (Sox-2 and Oct-4), and cell death (RIPK1 and Bcl-2). At the same time, vitamin C can act as a regulator of kinases, such as MAPK and p38, or by controlling the activation of the NF-kB pathway, generating chronic responses related to changes in gene expression or acute responses associated with the regulation of signal transduction processes. To date, data from the literature show a permanent increase in processes regulated by vitamin C. In this review, we critically examine how vitamin C regulates these different cellular programs in normal and tumor cells.
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Jara N, Ramirez E, Ferrada L, Salazar K, Espinoza F, González-Chavarría I, Nualart F. Vitamin C deficient reduces proliferation in a human periventricular tumor stem cell-derived glioblastoma model. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5801-5817. [PMID: 33432597 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of 14.6 months. GBM is highly resistant to radio- and chemotherapy, and remains without a cure; hence, new treatment strategies are constantly sought. Vitamin C, an essential micronutrient and antioxidant, was initially described as an antitumor molecule; however, several studies have shown that it can promote tumor progression and angiogenesis. Thus, considering the high concentrations of vitamin C present in the brain, our aim was to study the effect of vitamin C deficiency on the progression of GBM using a GBM model generated by the stereotactic injection of human GBM cells (U87-MG or HSVT-C3 cells) in the subventricular zone of guinea pig brain. Initial characterization of U87-MG and HSVT-C3 cells showed that HSVT-C3 are highly proliferative, overexpress p53, and are resistant to ferroptosis. To induce intraperiventricular tumors, animals received control or a vitamin C-deficient diet for 3 weeks, after which histopathological and confocal microscopy analyses were performed. We demonstrated that the vitamin C-deficient condition reduced the glomeruloid vasculature and microglia/macrophage infiltration in U87-MG tumors. Furthermore, tumor size, proliferation, glomeruloid vasculature, microglia/macrophage infiltration, and invasion were reduced in C3 tumors carried by vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs. In conclusion, the effect of the vitamin C deficiency was dependent on the tumor cell used for GBM induction. HSVT-C3 cells, a cell line with stem cell features isolated from a human subventricular GBM, showed higher sensitivity to the deficient condition; however, vitamin C deficiency displayed an antitumor effect in both GBM models analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery Jara
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Eder Ramirez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Katterine Salazar
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Francisca Espinoza
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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13
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De la Fuente M, Sánchez C, Vallejo C, Díaz-Del Cerro E, Arnalich F, Hernanz Á. Vitamin C and vitamin C plus E improve the immune function in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111118. [PMID: 33091525 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With aging the immune response is impaired. This immunosenescence, in which an alteration of the redox state of the immune cells appears, is involved in the rate of aging. Since leukocyte function is a good marker of health and predictor of longevity, the effects of daily oral administration of the antioxidant vitamin C (500 mg), or both vitamin C (500 mg) and vitamin E (200 mg) on several blood neutrophil (adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and superoxide anion levels) and lymphocyte (adherence, chemotaxis, proliferation, interleukin-2 secretion and natural killer activity) functions were studied in healthy elderly men and women. These parameters were analysed before supplementation, after 3 months of supplementation, and 6 months after the end of supplementation. The results showed that vitamin C, in elderly participants, improved the immune functions studied which achieved values close to those of young adults. These effects were maintained in several functions after 6 months without supplementation. Similar effects were found in the elderly supplemented with both vitamin C and E. Thus, a short period of vitamin C or vitamin C and E ingestion, with the doses used, improves the immune function in elderly men and women and could contribute to a healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vallejo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ángel Hernanz
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Masuelli L, Benvenuto M, Focaccetti C, Ciuffa S, Fazi S, Bei A, Miele MT, Piredda L, Manzari V, Modesti A, Bei R. Targeting the tumor immune microenvironment with "nutraceuticals": From bench to clinical trials. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107700. [PMID: 33045254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of immune effector cells in the tissue microenvironment during neoplastic progression is critical in determining tumor growth outcomes. On the other hand, tumors may also avoid immune system-mediated elimination by recruiting immunosuppressive leukocytes and soluble factors, which coordinate a tumor microenvironment that counteracts the efficiency of the antitumor immune response. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy results have indicated a way forward via activation of the immune system against cancer. Widespread evidence has shown that different compounds in foods, when administered as purified substances, can act as immunomodulators in humans and animals. Although there is no universally accepted definition of nutraceuticals, the term identifies a wide category of natural compounds that may impact health and disease statuses and includes purified substances from natural sources, plant extracts, dietary supplements, vitamins, phytonutrients, and various products with combinations of functional ingredients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of nutraceuticals with a special focus on the cancer microenvironment, highlighting the conceptual benefits or drawbacks and subtle cell-specific effects of nutraceuticals for envisioning future therapies employing nutraceuticals as chemoadjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Department of Human Science and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University Rome, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ciuffa
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Fazi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Bei
- Medical School, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Martino Tony Miele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Piredda
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; CIMER, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Food as medicine: targeting the uraemic phenotype in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:153-171. [PMID: 32963366 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The observation that unhealthy diets (those that are low in whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a major risk factor for poor health outcomes has boosted interest in the concept of 'food as medicine'. This concept is especially relevant to metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which dietary approaches are already used to ameliorate metabolic and nutritional complications. Increased awareness that toxic uraemic metabolites originate not only from intermediary metabolism but also from gut microbial metabolism, which is directly influenced by diet, has fuelled interest in the potential of 'food as medicine' approaches in CKD beyond the current strategies of protein, sodium and phosphate restriction. Bioactive nutrients can alter the composition and metabolism of the microbiota, act as modulators of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, act as senolytics and impact the epigenome by altering one-carbon metabolism. As gut dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, premature ageing and epigenetic changes are common features of CKD, these findings suggest that tailored, healthy diets that include bioactive nutrients as part of the foodome could potentially be used to prevent and treat CKD and its complications.
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16
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Mousavi S, Escher U, Thunhorst E, Kittler S, Kehrenberg C, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Vitamin C alleviates acute enterocolitis in Campylobacter jejuni infected mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2921. [PMID: 32076081 PMCID: PMC7031283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human foodborne infections with the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni are on the rise and constitute a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. The health-beneficial, particularly anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin C (ascorbate) are well known. In our preclinical intervention study, we assessed potential anti-pathogenic and immunomodulatory effects of ascorbate in C. jejuni-infected secondary abiotic IL-10-/- mice developing acute campylobacteriosis similar to humans. Starting 4 days prior peroral C. jejuni-infection, mice received synthetic ascorbate via the drinking water until the end of the experiment. At day 6 post-infection, ascorbate-treated mice harbored slightly lower colonic pathogen loads and suffered from less severe C. jejuni-induced enterocolitis as compared to placebo control animals. Ascorbate treatment did not only alleviate macroscopic sequelae of infection, but also dampened apoptotic and inflammatory immune cell responses in the intestines that were accompanied by less pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory effects of ascorbate pretreatment in C. jejuni-infected mice were not restricted to the intestinal tract but could also be observed in extra-intestinal compartments including liver, kidneys and lungs. In conclusion, due to the potent anti-inflammatory effects observed in the clinical murine C. jejuni-infection model, ascorbate constitutes a promising novel option for prophylaxis and treatment of acute campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mousavi
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Escher
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Thunhorst
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin C in Cancer in correspondence to Its Dietary and Pharmacological Concentrations. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7286737. [PMID: 31934267 PMCID: PMC6942884 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7286737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that may scavenge reactive oxygen species preventing DNA damage and other effects important in cancer transformation. Dietary vitamin C from natural sources is taken with other compounds affecting its bioavailability and biological effects. High pharmacological doses of vitamin C may induce prooxidant effects, detrimental for cancer cells. An oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbate, is transported through glucose transporters, and cancer cells switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in energy production so an excess of vitamin C may limit glucose transport and ATP production resulting in energetic crisis and cell death. Vitamin C may change the metabolomic and epigenetic profiles of cancer cells, and activation of ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins and downregulation of pluripotency factors by the vitamin may eradicate cancer stem cells. Metastasis, the main reason of cancer-related deaths, requires breakage of anatomical barriers containing collagen, whose synthesis is promoted by vitamin C. Vitamin C induces degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF-1, essential for the survival of tumor cells in hypoxic conditions. Dietary vitamin C may stimulate the immune system through activation of NK and T cells and monocytes. Pharmacological doses of vitamin C may inhibit cancer transformation in several pathways, but further studies are needed to address both mechanistic and clinical aspects of this effect.
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18
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Vitamin C controls neuronal necroptosis under oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101408. [PMID: 31926631 PMCID: PMC6938857 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, vitamin C is the main antioxidant found in the central nervous system and is found in two states: reduced as ascorbic acid (AA) and oxidized as dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). However, under pathophysiological conditions, AA is oxidized to DHA. The oxidation of AA and subsequent production of DHA in neurons are associated with a decrease in GSH concentrations, alterations in glucose metabolism and neuronal death. To date, the endogenous molecules that act as intrinsic regulators of neuronal necroptosis under conditions of oxidative stress are unknown. Here, we show that treatment with AA regulates the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes. Vitamin C also regulates the expression of RIPK1/MLKL, whereas the oxidation of AA in neurons induces morphological alterations consistent with necroptosis and MLKL activation. The activation of necroptosis by AA oxidation in neurons results in bubble formation, loss of membrane integrity, and ultimately, cellular explosion. These data suggest that necroptosis is a target for cell death induced by vitamin C.
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19
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Mousavi S, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Vitamin C. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:73-79. [PMID: 31662885 PMCID: PMC6798581 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have lost their vitamin C-synthesizing capacities during evolution. Therefore, the uptake of this essential compound from external sources is mandatory in order to prevent vitamin C-deficient conditions resulting in severe morbidities such as scurvy. The potent antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiinfectious effects of vitamin C are known since the 1930s. We here (i) review the impact of vitamin C on innate and adaptive immune functions, (ii) provide an overview of its antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antifungal properties, and finally, (iii) discuss vitamin C as an adjunct treatment option for the combat of human infections by bacteria, particularly by emerging multidrug-resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Zhou C, Zhang X, Zhang Y, ShiYang X, Li Y, Shi X, Xiong B. Vitamin C protects carboplatin-exposed oocytes from meiotic failure. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:601-613. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
CBP (carboplatin) is a second-generation chemotherapeutic drug of platinum compound commonly applied in the treatment of sarcomas and germ cell tumours. Although it is developed to replace cisplatin, which has been proven to have a variety of side effects during cancer treatment, CBP still exhibits a certain degree of toxicity including neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity and myelosuppression. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding how CBP influences the female reproductive system especially oocyte quality have not yet been fully determined. Here, we report that CBP exposure led to the oocyte meiotic defects by impairing the dynamics of the meiotic apparatus, leading to a remarkably aberrant spindle organisation, actin polymerisation and mitochondrial integrity. Additionally, CBP exposure caused compromised sperm binding and fertilisation potential of oocytes by due to an abnormal distribution of cortical granules and its component ovastacin. More importantly, we demonstrated that vitamin C supplementation prevented meiotic failure induced by CBP exposure and inhibited the increase in ROS levels, DNA damage accumulation and apoptotic incidence. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the toxic effects of CBP exposure on oocyte development and provide a potential effective way to improve the quality of CBP-exposed oocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiayan ShiYang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ferrada L, Salazar K, Nualart F. Metabolic control by dehydroascorbic acid: Questions and controversies in cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19331-19338. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Ferrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología y células madres Neuro‐CellTT, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada CMA BIOBIO, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Katterine Salazar
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología y células madres Neuro‐CellTT, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada CMA BIOBIO, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología y células madres Neuro‐CellTT, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada CMA BIOBIO, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
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Vitamin C prevents hypothyroidism associated neuronal damage in the hippocampus of neonatal and juvenile rats: A stereological study. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 93:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Inverse association between serum antioxidant levels and inflammatory markers is moderated by adiposity: a report based on a large representative population sample of American adults. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1272-1278. [PMID: 30378506 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between plasma antioxidant levels and markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FG) in US adults. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants examined between 2001 and 2002 were included, if data on CRP or FG levels. Serum vitamins A and E, two retinyl esters, and six carotenoids were measured using HPLC with photodiode array detection. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. A total of 784 eligible participants were included; 47·5 % (n 372) were men. In multivariable linear regression models, serum α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, combined lutein/zeaxanthin, trans-lycopene, retinyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, retinol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were negatively associated with serum CRP (P3 mg/l, decreased with increasing levels of antioxidants (α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, vitamins A and E). Furthermore, we found a moderate impact of adiposity on the link between antioxidants and CRP. Our results suggest that the lower the antioxidants levels, the higher the inflammatory burden, based on CRP and FG levels. Adiposity moderately affects this association. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between CVD risk and antioxidant levels was observed. This finding suggests that reduced levels of vitamins with antioxidant properties may predispose to increased CVD risk.
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Vitamin C and immune cell function in inflammation and cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1147-1159. [PMID: 30301842 PMCID: PMC6195639 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbate) is maintained at high levels in most immune cells and can affect many aspects of the immune response. Intracellular levels generally respond to variations in plasma ascorbate availability, and a combination of inadequate intake and increased turnover during severe stress can result in low plasma ascorbate status. Intracellular ascorbate supports essential functions and, in particular, acts as an enzyme cofactor for Fe- or Cu-containing oxygenases. Newly discovered enzymes in this family regulate cell metabolism and epigenetics, and dysregulation of their activity can affect cell phenotype, growth and survival pathways, and stem cell phenotype. This brief overview details some of the recent advances in our understanding of how ascorbate availability can affect the hydroxylases controlling the hypoxic response and the DNA and histone demethylases. These processes play important roles in the regulation of the immune system, altering cell survival pathways, metabolism and functions.
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Abstract
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
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Zhang X, Battiston KG, Simmons CA, Santerre JP. Differential Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Components Using Different Vitamin C Derivatives in Mono- and Coculture Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:3768-3778. [PMID: 33429598 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering strategies using cell-seeded scaffolds require uniformly distributed vascular cells and sufficient extracellular matrix (ECM) production. However, acquiring sufficient ECM deposition on synthetic biomaterial scaffolds during the in vitro culture period prior to tissue implantation still remains challenging for vascular constructs. Two forms of vitamin C derivatives, ascorbic acid (AA) and sodium ascorbate (SA), are commonly supplemented in cell culture to promote ECM accumulation. However, the literature often refers to AA and SA interchangeably, and their differential effects on cell growth and ECM molecule (glycosaminoglycan, collagen, elastin) accumulation have never been reported when used in monoculture or coculture systems developed with synthetic three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. In this study, it was found that 200 μM AA stimulated an increase in cell number, whereas SA (50, 100, and 200 μM) supported more calponin expression (immunostaining) and higher ECM accumulation from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after 1 week in the degradable polar hydrophobic ionic polyurethane scaffold. The influence of AA and SA on ECM deposition was also studied in VSMC-monocyte cocultures to replicate some aspects of a wound healing environment in vitro and compared to their effects in respective VSMC monocultures after 4 weeks. Although 100 μM SA promoted ECM deposition in coculture, the condition of 100 μM AA + 100 μM SA was more effective toward enhancing ECM accumulation in VSMC monoculture after 4 weeks. The results demonstrated that AA and SA are not interchangeable, and the different effects of AA and/or SA on ECM deposition were both culture system (co- vs monoculture) and culture period (1 vs 4 week) dependent. This study provides further insight into practical vascular tissue engineering strategies when using 3D synthetic biomaterial-based constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kyle G Battiston
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
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Guidarelli A, Cerioni L, Fiorani M, Cantoni O. Intramitochondrial Ascorbic Acid Enhances the Formation of Mitochondrial Superoxide Induced by Peroxynitrite via a Ca 2+-Independent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081686. [PMID: 28767071 PMCID: PMC5578076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of U937 cells to peroxynitrite promotes mitochondrial superoxide formation via a mechanism dependent on both inhibition of complex III and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. Otherwise inactive concentrations of the oxidant produced the same maximal effects in the presence of either complex III inhibitors or agents mobilizing Ca2+ from the ryanodine receptor and enforcing its mitochondrial accumulation. l-Ascorbic acid (AA) produced similar enhancing effects in terms of superoxide formation, DNA strand scission and cytotoxicity. However, AA failed to enhance the intra-mitochondrial concentration of Ca2+ and the effects observed in cells supplemented with peroxinitrite, while insensitive to manipulations preventing the mobilization of Ca2+, or the mitochondrial accumulation of the cation, were also detected in human monocytes and macrophages, which do not express the ryanodine receptor. In all these cell types, mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent toxicity was detected in cells exposed to AA/peroxynitrite and, based on the above criteria, these responses also appeared Ca2+-independent. The enhancing effects of AA are therefore similar to those mediated by bona fide complex III inhibitors, although the vitamin failed to directly inhibit complex III, and in fact enhanced its sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guidarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Liana Cerioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Mara Fiorani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Orazio Cantoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Naturally Occurring Compounds: New Potential Weapons against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071481. [PMID: 28698529 PMCID: PMC5535971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-described imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system of cells and tissues. The overproduction of free radicals damages all components of the cell (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) and modifies their physiological functions. As widely described, this condition is a biochemical hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may dramatically influence the progression of renal impairment and the onset/development of major systemic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases. This state is exacerbated by exposure of the body to uremic toxins and dialysis, a treatment that, although necessary to ensure patients' survival, exposes cells to non-physiological contact with extracorporeal circuits and membranes with consequent mitochondrial and anti-redox cellular system alterations. Therefore, it is undeniable that counteracting oxidative stress machinery is a major pharmacological target in medicine/nephrology. As a consequence, in recent years several new naturally occurring compounds, administered alone or integrated with classical therapies and an appropriate lifestyle, have been proposed as therapeutic tools for CKD patients. In this paper, we reviewed the recent literature regarding the "pioneering" in vivo testing of these agents and their inclusion in small clinical trials performed in patients affected by CKD.
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Granata S, Dalla Gassa A, Tomei P, Lupo A, Zaza G. Mitochondria: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:49. [PMID: 26612997 PMCID: PMC4660721 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron "leakage" from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of cells and tissues. To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional therapies could be employed. However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects. Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess their overall efficacy or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Alessandra Dalla Gassa
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Paola Tomei
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
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Zhang M, Harashima N, Moritani T, Huang W, Harada M. The Roles of ROS and Caspases in TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127386. [PMID: 26000607 PMCID: PMC4441514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Death signaling provided by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce death in cancer cells with little cytotoxicity to normal cells; this cell death has been thought to involve caspase-dependent apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also mediators that induce cell death, but their roles in TRAIL-induced apoptosis have not been elucidated fully. In the current study, we investigated ROS and caspases in human pancreatic cancer cells undergoing two different types of TRAIL-induced cell death, apoptosis and necroptosis. TRAIL treatment increased ROS in two TRAIL-sensitive pancreatic cancer cell lines, MiaPaCa-2 and BxPC-3, but ROS were involved in TRAIL-induced apoptosis only in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Unexpectedly, inhibition of ROS by either N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a peroxide inhibitor, or Tempol, a superoxide inhibitor, increased the annexin V-/propidium iodide (PI)+ early necrotic population in TRAIL-treated cells. Additionally, both necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), and siRNA-mediated knockdown of RIP3 decreased the annexin V-/PI+ early necrotic population after TRAIL treatment. Furthermore, an increase in early apoptosis was induced in TRAIL-treated cancer cells under inhibition of either caspase-2 or -9. Caspase-2 worked upstream of caspase-9, and no crosstalk was observed between ROS and caspase-2/-9 in TRAIL-treated cells. Together, these results indicate that ROS contribute to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in MiaPaCa-2 cells, and that ROS play an inhibitory role in TRAIL-induced necroptosis of MiaPaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cells, with caspase-2 and -9 playing regulatory roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Nanae Harashima
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tamami Moritani
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumi, Shimane, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Nyga A, Hart A, Tetley TD. Importance of the HIF pathway in cobalt nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in human macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:905-17. [PMID: 25676618 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.991430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent, unexpected high failure rates of metal-on-metal hip implants have reintroduced the issue of cobalt toxicity. An adverse reaction to cobalt ions and cobalt-induced lung injury occurs during environmental exposure and is now strictly controlled. Currently adverse reaction occurs to cobalt nanoparticles during wear and tear of metal-on-metal hip implants of which the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The putative role of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway in the mechanism of cobalt nanoparticle (Co-NPs) toxicity was examined using the U937 cell line, human alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages. Co-NPs (5-20 μg/ml)-induced cytotoxicity (viability ranged from 75% to <20% of control, respectively) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas a comparable concentration of cobalt ions (Co(II); up to 350 μM) did not. Co-NPs induced HIF-1α stabilization. Addition of ascorbic acid (100 µM) and glutathione (1 mM) both prevented the increased ROS. However, only treatment with ascorbic acid reduced HIF-1α levels and prevented cell death, indicating that a ROS-independent pathway is involved in Co-NPs-induced cytotoxicity. Replenishing intracellular ascorbate, which is crucial in preventing HIF pathway activation, modified Co-induced HIF target gene expression and the inflammatory response, by decreasing interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA and protein expression. Addition of glutathione had no effect on Co-NPs-induced HIF target gene expression or inflammatory response. Thus, Co-NPs induce the HIF pathway by depleting intracellular ascorbate, leading to HIF stabilization and pathway activation. This suggests a strong, ROS-independent role for HIF activation in Co-NPs-induced cytotoxicity and a possible role for HIF in metal-on-metal hip implant pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Nyga
- a National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , UK and
| | - Alister Hart
- b Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London , London , UK
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- a National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , UK and
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Szarka A, Balogh T. In silico aided thoughts on mitochondrial vitamin C transport. J Theor Biol 2014; 365:181-9. [PMID: 25451960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The huge demand of mitochondria as the quantitatively most important sources of ROS in the majority of heterotrophic cells for vitamin C is indisputable. The reduced form of the vitamin, l-ascorbic acid, is imported by an active mechanism requiring two sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCT1 and SVCT2). The oxidized form, dehydroascorbate is taken up by different members of the GLUT family. Because of the controversial experimental results the picture on mitochondrial vitamin C transport became quite obscure by the spring of 2014. Thus in silico prediction tools were applied in aid of the support of in vitro and in vivo results. The role of GLUT1 as a mitochondrial dehydroascorbate transporter could be reinforced by in silico predictions however the mitochondrial presence of GLUT10 is not likely since this transport protein got far the lowest mitochondrial localization scores. Furthermore the possible roles of GLUT9 and 11 in mitochondrial vitamin C transport can be proposed leastwise on the base of their computational localization analysis. In good concordance with the newest experimental observations on SVCT2 the mitochondrial presence of this transporter could also be supported by the computational prediction tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szarka
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Szent Gellért tér 4, Budapest, Hungary; Pathobiochemistry Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1444 Budapest, PO Box 260, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Balogh
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Szent Gellért tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
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Bánhegyi G, Benedetti A, Margittai É, Marcolongo P, Fulceri R, Németh CE, Szarka A. Subcellular compartmentation of ascorbate and its variation in disease states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1909-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lin JR, Qin HH, Wu WY, He SJ, Xu JH. Vitamin C protects against UV irradiation-induced apoptosis through reactivating silenced tumor suppressor genes p21 and p16 in a Tet-dependent DNA demethylation manner in human skin cancer cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:257-64. [PMID: 25003799 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM DNA methylation plays important roles in various kinds of carcinogenesis. Vitamin C could induce Tet-dependent DNA demethylation in embryonic stem cells. Therefore, the antagonizing activity of vitamin C on ultraviolet (UV)-induced apoptosis was investigated in this study. METHODS Apoptosis of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and p16-knockout (KO) or p21-KO fibroblasts was assessed by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to determine the relative expression levels of p12, p21, and Tet1/2/3 genes. The global DNA methylation levels were determined using MethylFlash Methylated DNA Quantification Kit in A431 cells with or without vitamin C treatment. To examine the DNA demethylation activity of vitamin C, DNA immunoprecipitation (DIP)-qPCR was performed to determine the relative levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in p16 and p21 promoter regions containing cytosine-phosphorothiolated guanine (CpG) islands. RESULTS The increasing apoptosis of A431 cells under prolonged UV irradiation was remarkably decreased by the combination of vitamin C treatment, suggesting that vitamin C protects against UV-induced apoptosis. Concurrently, vitamin C induced a significant reduction of global DNA methylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in A431 cells. Vitamin C also reactivated the expression of p16 and p21 at mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistically, about 27% 5hmC-positive cells were observed in vitamin C-treated A431 cells, and the 5hmC enrichment at p16 and p21 promoter regions was also largely increased by vitamin C. Moreover, the expression of p16 and p21 was decreased in Tet1/2 double-knockdown cells, in which the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on UV-induced apoptosis was dismissed. Furthermore, the inhibition of UV-induced apoptosis on vitamin C treatment nearly disappeared in p16- or p21-knockout primary cultured fibroblasts. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that vitamin C effectively antagonizes UV-induced apoptosis through regulation of Tet activity, DNA demethylation, and subsequent tumor suppressor gene activation in skin cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-ran Lin
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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Suzuki-Karasaki Y, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Uchida M, Ochiai T. Depolarization Controls TRAIL-Sensitization and Tumor-Selective Killing of Cancer Cells: Crosstalk with ROS. Front Oncol 2014; 4:128. [PMID: 24910845 PMCID: PMC4038927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional genotoxic anti-cancer drugs target the proliferative advantage of tumor cells over normal cells. This kind of approach lacks the selectivity of treatment to cancer cells, because most of the targeted pathways are essential for the survival of normal cells. As a result, traditional cancer treatments are often limited by undesirable damage to normal cells (side-effects). Ideal anti-cancer drugs are expected to be highly effective against malignant tumor cells with minimal cytotoxicity toward normal cells. Such selective killing can be achieved by targeting pathways essential for the survival of cancer cells, but not normal cells. As cancer cells are characterized by their resistance to apoptosis, selective apoptosis induction is a promising approach for selective killing of cancer cells. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising tumor-selective anti-cancer drug. However, the congenital and acquired resistance of some cancer cell types, including malignant melanoma cells, currently impedes effective TRAIL therapy, and an innovative approach that can override TRAIL resistance is urgently required. Apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage caused by disruption of the maintenance of the normal physiological concentrations of K(+) and Na(+) and intracellular ion homeostasis. The disrupted ion homeostasis leads to depolarization and apoptosis. Recent evidence suggests that depolarization is an early and prerequisite event during TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, diverse natural products and synthetic chemicals capable of depolarizing the cell membrane exhibit tumor-selective killing and TRAIL-sensitizing effects. Here, we discuss the role of depolarization in selective killing of cancer cells in connection with the emerging concept that oxidative stress is a critical mediator of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunctions and serves as a tumor-selective target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan ; Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | | | - Mayumi Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
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Sakaba Y, Awata H, Morisugi T, Kawakami T, Sakudo A, Tanaka Y. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces PPARγ- and p53-independent apoptosis in rabbit synovial cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 109-111:1-13. [PMID: 24680891 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces apoptosis in various cells. However, the mechanism appears to be complex and cell-type specific. We investigated the mechanism of 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis of rabbit synovial cells. Exposure to 15d-PGJ2 resulted in DNA fragmentation accompanied by caspase-3 and -9 activations in the cells, suggesting occurrence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Although the exposure also induced remarkable increase in p53 protein, its transcriptional activity was rather reduced, suggesting non-necessity of p53 in 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis. Covalent binding of 15d-PGJ2 to cellular proteins including p53 resulted in their insolubilization. N-acetylcysteine inhibited not only the 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptotic events but also the protein insolubilizations via its interaction with 15d-PGJ2. The studies using a PPARγ-agonist and -antagonist showed noninvolvement of PPARγ in 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis. The pre-exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines did not affect the cytotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 in synovial cells. Taken together, these results show that 15d-PGJ2 induces a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in p53- and PPARγ-independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sakaba
- Department of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-Cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hisataka Awata
- Department of Clinical Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-Cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Morisugi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Akikazu Sakudo
- Department of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-Cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tanaka
- Department of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-Cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
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Guidarelli A, Cerioni L, Fiorani M, Azzolini C, Cantoni O. Mitochondrial ascorbic acid is responsible for enhanced susceptibility of U937 cells to the toxic effects of peroxynitrite. Biofactors 2014; 40:236-46. [PMID: 24105898 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Otherwise nontoxic levels of peroxynitrite promote toxicity in U937 cells pre-exposed to low micromolar concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA). This event was associated with the mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin and with the early formation of secondary reactive oxygen species and DNA single-strand breaks. The same concentrations of peroxynitrite, however, failed to elicit detectable effects in cells pre-exposed to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), in which mitochondrial accumulation of vitamin C did not occur despite the identical cytosolic levels. Coherently, oxidation of extracellular AA failed to affect the intracellular concentration of the vitamin, but nevertheless prevented its mitochondrial localization as well as the enhanced response to peroxynitrite. Furthermore, in cells postincubated in vitamin C-free medium, time-dependent loss of mitochondrial AA was paralleled by a progressive decline of susceptibility to peroxynitrite, under the same conditions in which cells retained about half of the initial AA. Using different experimental approaches, we finally showed that the enhancing effects of AA are mediated by events associated with peroxynitrite-dependent superoxide/H2 O2 formation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Collectively, these results indicate that mitochondria actively take up vitamin C as AA and respond to otherwise inactive concentrations of peroxynitrite with the mitochondrial formation of secondary species responsible for DNA damage and toxicity. DHA preloading, while leading to the accumulation of identical levels of vitamin C, fails to produce these effects because of the poor mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guidarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo,", 61029, Italy
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Sen A, Marsche G, Freudenberger P, Schallert M, Toeglhofer AM, Nagl C, Schmidt R, Launer LJ, Schmidt H. Association between higher plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations and longer telomere length: results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:222-9. [PMID: 24428184 PMCID: PMC4234001 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between plasma concentrations of antioxidative micronutrients and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in elderly adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, a population-based cohort study on brain aging. PARTICIPANTS Individuals with a mean age of 66 ± 7 (n = 786; 58% female). MEASUREMENTS Concentrations of vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, α- and γ-tocopherol, α- and β-carotene, and retinol in plasma, advanced oxidation protein products as a measure of oxidative stress in serum, and LTL were measured. Vitamins and carotenoids were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, advanced oxidation protein products using spectrophotometry, and telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for age and sex demonstrated that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations were strongly associated with longer telomere length. The associations were independent of body mass index, maximum oxygen uptake, and vascular risk factors and were not mediated by advanced oxidation protein products content. CONCLUSION This study provides first evidence that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations in plasma are associated with longer LTL in normal elderly persons and suggest a protective role of these vitamins in telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Paul Freudenberger
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | | | - Anna M Toeglhofer
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nagl
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on AgingBethesda, Maryland
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
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Modulation of LPS-induced CD4+ T-cell activation and apoptosis by antioxidants in untreated asymptomatic HIV infected participants: an in vitro study. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:631063. [PMID: 24348678 PMCID: PMC3856122 DOI: 10.1155/2013/631063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Persistent immune activation characterises HIV infection and is associated with depletion of CD4+ T-cells and increased risk of disease progression. Early loss of gut mucosal integrity results in the translocation of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the systemic circulation. This is an important source of on-going immune stimulation.
The purpose of this study was to determine levels of CD4+ T-cell activation (%CD25 expression) and apoptosis (% annexin V/7-AAD) in asymptomatic, untreated HIV infection at baseline and after stimulation with LPS and incubation with or without vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine.
LPS induced a significant (P < 0.03) increase in %CD25 expression, annexin V, and 7-AAD in HIV positive individuals. NAC in combination with vitamin C, significantly (P = 0.0018) reduced activation and early apoptosis of CD4+ T-cells to a greater degree than with either antioxidant alone. Certain combinations of antioxidants could be important in reducing the harmful effects of chronic immune activation and thereby limit CD4+ T-cell depletion. Importantly, we showed that CD4+ T-cells of the HIV positive group responded better to a combination of the antioxidants at this stage than those of the controls. Therefore, appropriate intervention at this asymptomatic stage could rescue the cells before repetitive activation results in the death of CD4+ T-cells.
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Szarka A, Lőrincz T. Cellular and intracellular transport of vitamin C. The physiologic aspects. Orv Hetil 2013; 154:1651-6. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2013.29712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C requirement is satisfied by natural sources and vitamin C supplements in the ordinary human diet. The two major forms of vitamin C in the diet are L-ascorbic acid and L-dehydroascorbic acid. Both ascorbate and dehydroascorbate are absorbed along the entire length of the human intestine. The reduced form, L-ascorbic acid is imported by an active mechanism, requiring two sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCT1 and SVCT2). The transport of the oxidized form, dehydroascorbate is mediated by glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT3 and possibly GLUT4. Initial rate of uptake of both ascorbate and dehydroascorbate is saturable with increasing external substrate concentration. Vitamin C plasma concentrations are tightly controlled when the vitamin is taken orally. It has two simple reasons, on the one hand, the capacity of the transporters is limited, on the other hand the two Na+-dependent transporters can be down-regulated by an elevated level of ascorbate. Orv. Hetil., 154 (42), 1651–1656.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szarka
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Orvosi Vegytani Molekuláris Biológiai és Patobiokémiai Intézet Budapest Tűzoltó u. 34–47. 1097
- Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem Alkalmazott Biotechnológia és Élelmiszer-tudományi Tanszék, Biokémiai és Molekuláris Biológiai Laboratórium Budapest
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem Alkalmazott Biotechnológia és Élelmiszer-tudományi Tanszék, Biokémiai és Molekuláris Biológiai Laboratórium Budapest
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Inoue T, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. Mitochondrial superoxide mediates mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunctions in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:273-84. [PMID: 23608466 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2(•-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been reported to be important mediators of the apoptosis induced by death ligands, including Fas, tumor necrosis factor-α, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Conversely, there is evidence that H2O2 and prooxidative conditions are protective. Therefore, the roles of ROS in death ligand-induced apoptosis are a matter of debate. In this study, we attempted to define the oxidant species mediating TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human tumor cells. The generation of intracellular O2(•-), but not H2O2, was correlated with apoptosis in the cells. TRAIL treatment resulted in increased mitochondrial O2(•-) generation and the oxidation of cardiolipin. The O2(•-)-selective scavenger MnTBaP [Mn(III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride] specifically blocked TRAIL-induced apoptosis and proapoptotic events including mitochondrial membrane collapse and caspase-3/7 activation. TRAIL also induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses including caspase-12 activation, while inhibition of caspase-12 prevented the apoptosis. In addition, increased mitochondrial O2(•-) generation by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or inhibition of the electron transport chain amplified the TRAIL-induced apoptosis and proapoptotic events. This amplification was also significantly abolished by MnTBaP treatment. Our data indicate that mitochondrial O2(•-) mediates mitochondrial and ER dysfunctions during TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. The present findings suggest that pharmacological agents increasing mitochondrial O2(•-) may serve as clinical drugs that amplify TRAIL effectiveness toward cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inoue
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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42
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Hua KF, Liao PC, Fang Z, Yang FL, Yang YL, Chen YL, Chiu YC, Liu ML, Lam Y, Wu SH. Generation of reactive oxygen species by polyenylpyrroles derivatives causes DNA damage leading to G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67603. [PMID: 23840748 PMCID: PMC3695893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 5.8% of all malignancies in Taiwan and the incidence of OSCC is on the rise. OSCC is also a common malignancy worldwide and the five-year survival rate remains poor. Therefore, new and effective treatments are needed to control OSCC. In the present study we have investigated the efficacy and associated mechanisms of polyenylpyrroles and their analogs in both in vitro cell culture and in vivo nude mice xenografts. Auxarconjugatin B (compound 1a) resulted in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and caspase-dependent apoptosis in OEC-M1 and HSC-3 cells by activating DNA damage and mitochondria dysfunction through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, increase in B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein level, and decrease in B-cell lymphoma-2 level. Compound 1a-induced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species through cytochrome P450 1A1 was identified as a major mechanism of its effect for DNA damage, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis, which was reversed by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine as well as cytochrome P450 1A1 inhibitor and specific siRNA. Furthermore, compound 1a-treated nude mice showed a reduction in the OEC-M1 xenograft tumor growth and an increase in the caspase-3 activation in xenograft tissue. These results provide promising insights as to how compound 1a mediates cytotoxicity and may prove to be a molecular rationale for its translation into a potential therapeutic against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KFH); (YL); (SHW)
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Zhanxiong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chich Chiu
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - May-Lan Liu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Toko University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (KFH); (YL); (SHW)
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KFH); (YL); (SHW)
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43
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Parthasarathy A, Gopi V, Umadevi S, Simna A, Sheik MJY, Divya H, Vellaichamy E. Suppression of atrial natriuretic peptide/natriuretic peptide receptor-A-mediated signaling upregulates angiotensin-II-induced collagen synthesis in adult cardiac fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 378:217-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Kirmani D, Bhat HF, Bashir M, Zargar MA, Khanday FA. P66Shc-rac1 pathway-mediated ROS production and cell migration is downregulated by ascorbic acid. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:107-13. [PMID: 23461363 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.770527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative role(s) of p66Shc protein has been increasingly expanded over the last decade. However, its relation with the most potent antioxidant molecule, i.e. ascorbic acid has never been studied. We have previously shown that p66Shc mediates rac1 activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death. Here we studied the effect of ascorbic acid on the pathway involving p66Shc and rac1. Our results indicate a decrease in the expression of p66Shc in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We studied the effect of ascorbic acid on rac1 expression and its activity. Ascorbic acid has no effect on total rac1 expression; however, rac1 activation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Results suggest that the decrease in rac1 activity is mediated through ascorbic acid-modulated p66Shc expression. The decrease in rac1 activity was evident in cells transfected with the p66shc mutant (proline motif mutant, at residues P47 to P50). Our studies indicate that p66Shc-mediated ROS upregulation is significantly decreased in the presence of ascorbic acid. Cell migration experiments point towards the inhibition of p66Shc-rac1-mediated migration in the presence of ascorbic acid. Finally, results are suggestive that ascorbic acid-mediated decrease in Shc expression occurs through an increased Shc ubiquitination. Overall, the study brings out the novel role of ascorbic acid in antioxidant signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeba Kirmani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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45
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Fiorani M, Azzolini C, Cerioni L, Guidarelli A, Cantoni O. Superoxide dictates the mode of U937 cell ascorbic acid uptake and prevents the enhancing effects of the vitamin to otherwise nontoxic levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:467-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Azzolini C, Fiorani M, Cerioni L, Guidarelli A, Cantoni O. Sodium-dependent transport of ascorbic acid in U937 cell mitochondria. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:149-53. [PMID: 23288661 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
U937 cells exposed to physiological concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) accumulate the reduced form of the vitamin in the cytosol and even further in their mitochondria. In both circumstances, uptake was dependent on Na(+) -AA-cotransport, with hardly any contribution of hexose transporters, which might be recruited to transport the oxidized form of the vitamin. There was an identical linear relationship between the mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin and the extramitochondrial AA concentration, regardless of whether detected in experiments using intact cells or isolated mitochondria. Western blot experiments revealed expression of both SVCT1 and 2 in plasma membranes, whereas SVCT2 was the only form of the transporter expressed at appreciable amounts in mitochondria. These results therefore provide the novel demonstration of SVCT2-dependent mitochondrial transport of AA and hence challenge the present view that mitochondria only take up the oxidized form of the vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Azzolini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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47
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Jinesh G G, Chunduru S, Kamat AM. Smac mimetic enables the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils through TNF-α but not through TRAIL and FasL. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:233-44. [PMID: 22517918 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1211623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BCG, the current gold standard immunotherapy for bladder cancer, exerts its activity via recruitment of neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment. Many patients do not respond to BCG therapy, indicating the need to understand the mechanism of action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils and to identify ways to overcome resistance to BCG therapy. Using isolated human neutrophils stimulated with BCG, we found that TNF-α is the key mediator secreted by BCG-stimulated neutrophils. RT4v6 human bladder cancer cells, which express TNFR1, CD95/Fas, CD95 ligand/FasL, DR4, and DR5, were resistant to BCG-stimulated neutrophil conditioned medium but effectively killed by the combination of conditioned medium and Smac mimetic. rhTNF-α and rhFasL, but not rhTRAIL, in combination with Smac mimetic, generated signature molecular events similar to those produced by BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with Smac mimetic. However, experiments using neutralizing antibodies to these death ligands showed that TNF-α secreted from BCG-stimulated neutrophils was the key mediator of anticancer action. These findings explain the mechanism of action of BCG and identified Smac mimetics as potential combination therapeutic agents for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goodwin Jinesh G
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Immunomodulatory role of Ocimum gratissimum and ascorbic acid against nicotine-induced murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2011:734319. [PMID: 22220218 PMCID: PMC3246787 DOI: 10.1155/2011/734319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this present study was to evaluate the immune functions and immune responses in nicotine-induced (10 mM) macrophages and concurrently establish the immunomodulatory role of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Ae-Og) and ascorbic acid. In this study, nitrite generations and some phenotype functions by macrophages were studied. Beside that, release of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) was measured by ELISA, and the expression of these cytokines at mRNA level was analyzed by real-time PCR. Ae-Og, at a dose of 10 μg/mL, significantly reduced the nicotine-induced NO generation and iNOSII expression. Similar kinds of response were observed with supplementation of ascorbic acid (0.01 mM). The administration of Ae-Og and ascorbic acid increased the decreased adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing of bacteria in nicotine-treated macrophages. Ae-Og and ascorbic acid were found to protect the murine peritoneal macrophages through downregulation of Th1 cytokines in nicotine-treated macrophages with concurrent activation of Th2 responses. These findings strongly enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism leading to nicotine-induced suppression of immune functions and provide additional rationale for application of anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches by O. gratissimum and ascorbic acid for different inflammatory disease prevention and treatment during nicotine toxicity.
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Dingayan LP. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and NADPH Oxidase (NOX) are cytoprotective determinants in the trophozoite-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cell Immunol 2011; 272:25-32. [PMID: 22014391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a host-parasite interaction model, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co-incubated with trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica to determine if the cytotoxic killing of PBMCs involves (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Experimental PBMC populations were pre-treated with diphenylene iodonium chloride to inhibit NOX, N-acetylcysteine to inhibit p47(phox) (a subunit of NOX), and SB202190 to inhibit p38 MAPK, with co-suppression of caspases. Percentage apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and ROS generation were monitored in all PBMC populations. Pre-treatment significantly raised the proportion of apoptotic PBMCs, but changes in caspase-3 activity and ROS production were relatively negligible. These results indicate that p38 MAPK and NOX were cytoprotective determinants in the trophozoite-induced apoptosis of PBMCs. Further, the programmed cell death herein investigated was independent of both caspases and ROS, and the exact mechanism of cell death remains to be an open question.
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50
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Apoptotic effects of hydrogen peroxide and vitamin C on chicken embryonic fibroblasts: redox state and programmed cell death. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:461-71. [PMID: 21822683 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic effects of hydrogen peroxide and the purported anti-apoptotic effects of Vitamin C on chicken embryonic fibroblasts were investigated. Hydrogen peroxide induced morphological changes in a dose dependent manner, and a myriad of autophagosomes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Doxorubicin elicited alterations were not inhibited by co-incubation with Vitamin C except that mitochondrial structure was slightly improved. TUNEL assay, cytotoxicity analysis and flow cytometry revealed that the cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic rates were dose dependent upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Calcium homeostasis was disrupted in a dose dependent manner, and cell cycle was blocked at G(2)/M checkpoint at low concentration and S/G(2) checkpoint at high concentration respectively upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The administration of Vitamin C only has a modest effect against doxorubicin induced apoptosis, calcium homeostasis disruption and cell cycle arrest. This research demonstrated that the elevation of reactive oxygen species is sufficient to induce the apoptosis of chicken embryonic fibroblasts, whereas the administration of Vitamin C does not necessarily have certain anti-apoptotic effects, especially when the stimulus is not directly linked with redox state.
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