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Beeraka NM, Basappa B, Nikolenko VN, Mahesh PA. Role of Neurotransmitters in Steady State Hematopoiesis, Aging, and Leukemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10761-z. [PMID: 38976142 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis within the bone marrow (BM) represents a complex and dynamic process intricately regulated by neural signaling pathways. This delicate orchestration is susceptible to disruption by factors such as aging, diabetes, and obesity, which can impair the BM niche and consequently affect haematopoiesis. Genetic mutations in Tet2, Dnmt3a, Asxl1, and Jak2 are known to give rise to clonal haematopoiesis of intermediate potential (CHIP), a condition linked to age-related haematological malignancies. Despite these insights, the exact roles of circadian rhythms, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), sterile inflammation, and the complement cascade on various BM niche cells remain inadequately understood. Further research is needed to elucidate how BM niche cells contribute to these malignancies through neural regulation and their potential in the development of gene-corrected stem cells. This literature review describes the updated functional aspects of BM niche cells in haematopoiesis within the context of haematological malignancies, with a particular focus on neural signaling and the potential of radiomitigators in acute radiation syndrome. Additionally, it underscores the pressing need for technological advancements in stem cell-based therapies to alleviate the impacts of immunological stressors. Recent studies have illuminated the microheterogeneity and temporal stochasticity of niche cells within the BM during haematopoiesis, emphasizing the updated roles of neural signaling and immunosurveillance. The development of gene-corrected stem cells capable of producing blood, immune cells, and tissue-resident progeny is essential for combating age-related haematological malignancies and overcoming immunological challenges. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these evolving insights and their implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M Beeraka
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, R4-168, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, 515721, India.
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - P A Mahesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Parolini A, Da Dalt L, Norata GD, Baragetti A. Dietary fats as regulators of neutrophil plasticity: an update on molecular mechanisms. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024:00075197-990000000-00162. [PMID: 39083430 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contemporary guidelines for the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases focus on the control of dietary fat intake, because of their adverse metabolic effects. Moreover, fats alter innate immune defenses, by eliciting pro-inflammatory epigenetic mechanisms on the long-living hematopoietic cell progenitors which, in the bone marrow, mainly give rise to short-living neutrophils. Nevertheless, the heterogenicity of fats and the complexity of the biology of neutrophils pose challenges in the understanding on how this class of nutrients could contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic diseases via specific molecular mechanisms activating the inflammatory response. RECENT FINDINGS The knowledge on the biology of neutrophils is expanding and there are now different cellular networks orchestrating site-specific reprogramming of these cells to optimize the responses against pathogens. The innate immune competence of neutrophil is altered in response to high fat diet and contributes to the development of metabolic alterations, although the precise mechanisms are still poorly understood. SUMMARY Defining the different molecular mechanisms involved in the fat-neutrophil crosstalk will help to reconcile the sparse data about the interaction of dietary fats with neutrophils and to tailor strategies to target neutrophils in the context of cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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3
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Abdoul-Azize S, Hami R, Riou G, Derambure C, Charbonnier C, Vannier JP, Guzman ML, Schneider P, Boyer O. Glucocorticoids paradoxically promote steroid resistance in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through CXCR4/PLC signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4557. [PMID: 38811530 PMCID: PMC11136999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance in childhood relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) represents an important challenge. Despite decades of clinical use, the mechanisms underlying resistance remain poorly understood. Here, we report that in B-ALL, GC paradoxically induce their own resistance by activating a phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated cell survival pathway through the chemokine receptor, CXCR4. We identify PLC as aberrantly activated in GC-resistant B-ALL and its inhibition is able to induce cell death by compromising several transcriptional programs. Mechanistically, dexamethasone (Dex) provokes CXCR4 signaling, resulting in the activation of PLC-dependent Ca2+ and protein kinase C signaling pathways, which curtail anticancer activity. Treatment with a CXCR4 antagonist or a PLC inhibitor improves survival of Dex-treated NSG mice in vivo. CXCR4/PLC axis inhibition significantly reverses Dex resistance in B-ALL cell lines (in vitro and in vivo) and cells from Dex resistant ALL patients. Our study identifies how activation of the PLC signalosome in B-ALL by Dex limits the upfront efficacy of this chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rihab Hami
- Univ Brest, Inserm, UMR 1101, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Gaetan Riou
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, UMR 1234, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | - Monica L Guzman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascale Schneider
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, UMR 1234, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immuno-Hemato-Oncology, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, UMR 1234, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, F-76000, Rouen, France
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4
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Chen S, Liang B, Xu J. Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 38750573 PMCID: PMC11094970 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Fuqiang Avenue 1001, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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Ratajczak MZ, Bujko K, Brzezniakiewicz-Janus K, Ratajczak J, Kucia M. Hematopoiesis Revolves Around the Primordial Evolutional Rhythm of Purinergic Signaling and Innate Immunity - A Journey to the Developmental Roots. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:827-838. [PMID: 38363476 PMCID: PMC10984895 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A cell's most significant existential task is to survive by ensuring proper metabolism, avoiding harmful stimuli, and adapting to changing environments. It explains why early evolutionary primordial signals and pathways remained active and regulate cell and tissue integrity. This requires energy supply and a balanced redox state. To meet these requirements, the universal intracellular energy transporter purine nucleotide-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) became an important signaling molecule and precursor of purinergic signaling after being released into extracellular space. Similarly, ancient proteins involved in intracellular metabolism gave rise to the third protein component (C3) of the complement cascade (ComC), a soluble arm of innate immunity. These pathways induce cytosol reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that regulate the redox state of the cells. While low levels of ROS and RNS promote cell growth and differentiation, supra-physiological concentrations can lead to cell damage by pyroptosis. This balance explains the impact of purinergic signaling and innate immunity on cell metabolism, organogenesis, and tissue development. Subsequently, along with evolution, new regulatory cues emerge in the form of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and bioactive lipids. However, their expression is still modulated by both primordial signaling pathways. This review will focus on the data that purinergic signaling and innate immunity carry on their ancient developmental task in hematopoiesis and specification of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Moreover, recent evidence shows both these regulatory pathways operate in a paracrine manner and inside HSPCs at the autocrine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Hematology, University of Zielona Gora, Multi-Specialist Hospital Gorzow Wlkp., Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland.
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Kamila Bujko
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine at Medical, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine at Medical, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Brzezniakiewicz-Janus K, Thapa A, Ratajczak J, Kucia M, Ratajczak MZ. Pineal Gland Hormone Melatonin Inhibits Migration of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) by Downregulating Nlrp3 Inflammasome and Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) Activity. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:237-246. [PMID: 37812364 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) follow the diurnal circulation rhythm in peripheral blood (PB) with nadir during late night and peak at early morning hours. The level of these cells in PB correlates with activation of innate immunity pathways, including complement cascade (ComC) that drives activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome. To support this, mice both in defective ComC activation as well as Nlrp3 inflammasome do not show typical changes in the diurnal level of circulating HSPCs. Migration of HSPCs is also impaired at the intracellular level by the anti-inflammatory enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which is an inhibitor of Nlrp3 inflammasome. It is also well known that circadian rhythm mediates PB level of melatonin released from the pineal gland. Since trafficking of HSPCs is driven by innate immunity-induced sterile inflammation and melatonin has an anti-inflammatory effect, we hypothesized that melatonin could negatively impact the release of HSPCs from BM into PB by inhibiting Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. We provide an evidence that melatonin being a ''sleep regulating pineal hormone'' directly inhibits migration of HSPCs both in vitro migration assays and in vivo during pharmacological mobilization. This correlated with inhibition of cholesterol synthesis required for a proper membrane lipid raft (MLRs) formation and an increase in expression of HO-1-an inhibitor of Nlrp3 inflammasome. Since melatonin is a commonly used drug, this should be considered while preparing a patient for the procedure of HSPCs mobilization. More importantly, our studies shed more mechanistic light on a role of melatonin in the diurnal circulation of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail
- Stem Cell Institute at Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Arjun Thapa
- Stem Cell Institute at Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Magda Kucia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Hematology, University of Zielona Gora, Multi-Specialist Hospital Gorzow Wlkp., Gorzow Wlkp., Poland.
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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7
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Chen W, Hu Z, Guo Z. Targeting CD24 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3159. [PMID: 38137380 PMCID: PMC10740697 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a hot area in cancer treatment, and one of the keys to this therapy is the identification of the right tumour-associated or tumour-specific antigen. Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is an emerging tumour-associated antigen that is commonly and highly expressed in various tumours. In addition, CD24 is associated with several cancer-related signalling pathways and closely interacts with other molecules and immune cells to influence tumour progression. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and CAR-NK cell therapy are currently available for the treatment of CD24. In this review, we summarise the existing therapeutic approaches and possible future directions targeting CD24.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
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8
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Klement L, Drube J. The interplay of FLT3 and CXCR4 in acute myeloid leukemia: an ongoing debate. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1258679. [PMID: 37849810 PMCID: PMC10577206 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1258679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
FLT3 mutations are very frequent in AML and utilization of FLT3 inhibitors as approved treatment options are very common. Despite the initial success of inhibitor treatment, the development of resistances against this treatment is a major challenge in AML therapy. One of the mechanisms causing resistance is the homing of the leukemic cells in the protective niche of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). A pathway mediating homing to the BMM and leukemic cell survival is the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. The analysis of patient samples in several independent studies indicated that FLT3-ITD expression led to higher CXCR4 surface expression. However, several in vitro studies reported contradictory findings, suggesting that FLT3-ITD signaling negatively influenced CXCR4 expression. In this commentary, we provide an overview summarizing the studies dealing with the relationship of FLT3 and CXCR4. Taken together, the current research status is not sufficient to answer the question whether FLT3 and CXCR4 act together or independently in leukemia progression. Systematic analyses in model cell systems are needed to understand the interplay between FLT3 and CXCR4, since this knowledge could lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Drube
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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9
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Wu H, Zhang T, Li N, Gao J. Cell membrane-based biomimetic vehicles for effective central nervous system target delivery: Insights and challenges. J Control Release 2023; 360:169-184. [PMID: 37343724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including brain tumor, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, threaten human health. And the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders the delivery of drugs and the design of drug targeting delivery vehicles. Over the past decades, great interest has been given to cell membrane-based biomimetic vehicles since the rise of targeting drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Cell membranes are regarded as natural multifunction biomaterials, and provide potential for targeting delivery design and modification. Cell membrane-based biomimetic vehicles appear timely with the participation of cell membranes and nanoparticles, and raises new lights for BBB recognition and transport, and effective therapy with its biological multifunction and high biocompatibility. This review summarizes existing challenges in CNS target delivery and recent advances of different kinds of cell membrane-based biomimetic vehicles for effective CNS target delivery, and deliberates the BBB targeting mechanism. It also discusses the challenges and possibility of clinical translation, and presents new insights for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315041, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315041, Zhejiang, PR China.
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10
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Geng N, Yu Z, Zeng X, Xu D, Gao H, Yang M, Huang X. Nuclear Tubulin Enhances CXCR4 Transcription and Promotes Chemotaxis Through TCF12 Transcription Factor in human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1328-1339. [PMID: 37067645 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Tubulins are cytoskeleton components in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in various cellular activities by polymerizing into dynamic microtubules. A subpopulation of tubulin has been shown to localize in the nucleus, however, the function of nuclear tubulin remains largely unexplored. Here we report that microtubule depolymerization specifically upregulates surface CXCR4 expression in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mechanistically, microtubule depolymerization results in accumulation of tubulin subunits in the nucleus, leading to elevated CXCR4 transcription and increased chemotaxis of human HSCs. Treatment with microtubule stabilizer Epothilone B strongly suppresses the phenotypes induced by microtubule depolymerizing agents in human HSCs. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay reveals an increased binding of nuclear tubulin and TCF12 transcription factor at the CXCR4 promoter region. Depletion of TCF12 significantly suppresses microtubule depolymerization mediated upregulation of CXCR4 surface expression. These results demonstrate a previously unknown function of nuclear tubulin in regulating gene transcription through TCF12. New strategy targeting nuclear tubulin-TCF12-CXCR4 axis may be applicable to enhance HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Geng
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziqin Yu
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingchao Zeng
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danhua Xu
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai Gao
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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11
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Thapa A, Ratajczak J, Kucia M, Ratajczak MZ. External Liver-Derived Complement and Intrinsic Present in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Complosome Modulate Cell Metabolism and Response to Stress. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10533-1. [PMID: 36976465 PMCID: PMC10366307 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) express receptors for complement cascade (ComC) cleavage fragments C3a and C5a and may respond to inflammation-related cues by sensing pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) released by pathogens as well as non-infectious danger associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) or alarmin generated during stress/tissue damage sterile inflammation. To facilitate this HSPCs are equipped with C3a and C5a receptors, C3aR and C5aR, respectively, and express on the outer cell membrane and in cytosol pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) that sense PAMPs and DAMPs. Overall, danger-sensing mechanisms in HSPCs mimic those seen in immune cells, which should not surprise as hematopoiesis and the immune system develop from the same common stem cell precursor. This review will focus on the role of ComC-derived C3a and C5a that trigger nitric oxide synthetase-2 (Nox2) complex to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate important cytosolic PRRs-Nlrp3 inflammasome, which orchestrates responsiveness of HSPCs to stress. Moreover, recent data indicate that in addition to circulating in peripheral blood (PB) activated liver-derived ComC proteins, a similar role plays ComC expressed and intrinsically activated in HSPCs known as "complosome". We postulate that ComC triggered Nox2-ROS-Nlrp3 inflammasome responses, if they occur within non-toxic to cells' "hormetic range of activation", positively regulate HSCs migration, metabolism, and proliferation. This sheds a new light on the immune-metabolic regulation of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Thapa
- Stem Cell Program at Division of Hematology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Program at Division of Hematology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Program at Division of Hematology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kassassir H, Papiewska-Pająk I, Kryczka J, Boncela J, Kowalska MA. Platelet-derived microparticles stimulate the invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells via the p38MAPK-MMP-2/MMP-9 axis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:51. [PMID: 36882818 PMCID: PMC9990213 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Apart from platelets, platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are also considered important factors that can modify the activity of cancer cells. PMPs are incorporated by cancer cells and can also serve as intracellular signalling vesicles. PMPs are believed to affect cancer cells by upregulating their invasiveness. To date, there is no evidence that such a mechanism occurs in colorectal cancer. It has been shown that platelets can stimulate metalloproteases (MMPs) expression and activity via the p38MAPK pathway in CRC cells, leading to their elevated migratory potential. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PMPs on the invasive potential of CRC cells of various phenotypes via the MMP-2, MMP-9 and p38MAPK axis. METHODS We used various CRC cell lines, including the epithelial-like HT29 and the mesenchymal-like SW480 and SW620. Confocal imaging was applied to study PMP incorporation into CRC cells. The presence of surface receptors on CRC cells after PMP uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry. Transwell and scratch wound-healing assays were used to evaluate cell migration. The level of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), MMP-2, and MMP-9 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK were measured by western blot. MMP activity was determined using gelatine-degradation assays, while MMP release was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS We found that CRC cells could incorporate PMPs in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, PMPs could transfer platelet-specific integrins and stimulate the expression of integrins already present on tested cell lines. While mesenchymal-like cells expressed less CXCR4 than epithelial-like CRC cells, PMP uptake did not increase its intensity. No significant changes in CXCR4 level either on the surface or inside CRC cells were noticed. Levels of cellular and released MMP-2 and MMP-9 were elevated in all tested CRC cell lines after PMP uptake. PMPs increased the phosphorylation of p38MAPK but not that of ERK1/2. Inhibition of p38MAPK phosphorylation reduced the PMP-induced elevated level and release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as MMP-dependent cell migration in all cell lines. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PMPs can fuse into both epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like CRC cells and increase their invasive potential by inducing the expression and release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via the p38MAPK pathway, whereas CXCR4-related cell motility or the ERK1/2 pathway appears to not be affected by PMPs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kassassir
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Izabela Papiewska-Pająk
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Kryczka
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Anna Kowalska
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodowa 106, Lodz, Poland.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Guo B, Huang X, Chen Y, Broxmeyer HE. Ex Vivo Expansion and Homing of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:85-104. [PMID: 38228960 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been proven to be an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for clinical transplantation and has multiple advantages, including but not limited to greater HLA compatibility, lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), higher survival rates and lower relapse rates among patients with minimal residual disease. However, the limited number of HSCs in a single CB unit limits the wider use of CB in clinical treatment. Many efforts have been made to enhance the efficacy of CB HSC transplantation, particularly by ex vivo expansion or enhancing the homing efficiency of HSCs. In this chapter, we will document the major advances regarding human HSC ex vivo expansion and homing and will also discuss the possibility of clinical translation of such laboratory work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yandan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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14
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Isik OA, Cizmecioglu O. Rafting on the Plasma Membrane: Lipid Rafts in Signaling and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1436:87-108. [PMID: 36648750 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is not a uniform phospholipid bilayer; it has specialized membrane nano- or microdomains called lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are small cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich plasma membrane islands. Although their existence was long debated, their presence in the plasma membrane of living cells is now well accepted with the advent of super-resolution imaging techniques. It is interesting to note that lipid rafts function to compartmentalize receptors and their regulators and substantially modulate cellular signaling. In this review, we will examine the role of lipid rafts and caveolae-lipid raft-like microdomains with a distinct 3D morphology-in cellular signaling. Moreover, we will investigate how raft compartmentalized signaling regulates diverse physiological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, immune signaling, and development. Also, the deregulation of lipid raft-mediated signaling during tumorigenesis and metastasis will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Aybuke Isik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Cizmecioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Roy A, Patra SK. Lipid Raft Facilitated Receptor Organization and Signaling: A Functional Rheostat in Embryonic Development, Stem Cell Biology and Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2-25. [PMID: 35997871 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular views of plasma membrane organization and dynamics are gradually changing over the past fifty years. Dynamics of plasma membrane instigate several signaling nexuses in eukaryotic cells. The striking feature of plasma membrane dynamics is that, it is internally transfigured into various subdomains of clustered macromolecules. Lipid rafts are nanoscale subdomains, enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, reside as floating entity mostly on the exoplasmic leaflet of the lipid bilayer. In terms of functionality, lipid rafts are unique among other membrane subdomains. Herein, advances on the roles of lipid rafts in cellular physiology and homeostasis are discussed, precisely, on how rafts dynamically harbor signaling proteins, including GPCRs, catalytic receptors, and ionotropic receptors within it and orchestrate multiple signaling pathways. In the developmental proceedings signaling are designed for patterning of overall organism and they differ from the somatic cell physiology and signaling of fully developed organisms. Some of the developmental signals are characteristic in maintenance of stemness and activated during several types of tumor development and cancer progression. The harmony between extracellular signaling and lineage specific transcriptional programs are extremely important for embryonic development. The roles of plasma membrane lipid rafts mediated signaling in lineage specificity, early embryonic development, stem cell maintenance are emerging. In view of this, we have highlighted and analyzed the roles of lipid rafts in receptor organization, cell signaling, and gene expression during embryonic development; from pre-implantation through the post-implantation phase, in stem cell and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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16
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Ratajczak MZ, Adamiak M, Deptała A, Domagała-Kulawik J, Ratajczak J, Kucia M. Myeloablative Conditioning for Transplantation Induces State of Sterile Inflammation in the Bone Marrow: Implications for Optimizing Homing and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1254-1265. [PMID: 35383477 PMCID: PMC9805853 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The success rate of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation depends mainly on the number of transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) followed by the speed of their engraftment in the myeloablated transplant recipient. Therefore, clinical outcomes will significantly benefit from accelerating the homing and engraftment of these cells. This is, in particular, important when the number of cells available for the transplantation of HSPCs is limited. Recent Advances: We postulated that myeloablative conditioning for hematopoietic transplantation by radio- or chemotherapy induces a state of sterile inflammation in transplant recipient peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). This state is mediated by activation of the BM stromal and innate immunity cells that survive myeloablative conditioning and respond to danger-associated molecular patterns released from the cells damaged by myeloablative conditioning. As a result of this, several factors are released that promote proper navigation of HSPCs infused into PB of transplant recipient and prime recipient BM to receive transplanted cells. Critical Issues: We will present data that cellular innate immunity arm and soluble arm comprised complement cascade proteins, promoting the induction of the BM sterile inflammation state that facilitates the navigation, homing, and engraftment of HSPCs. Future Directions: Deciphering these mechanisms would allow us to better understand the mechanisms that govern hematopoietic recovery after transplantation and, in parallel, provide important information on how to optimize this process in the clinic by employing small molecular modifiers of innate immunity and purinergic signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1254-1265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mateusz Adamiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Deptała
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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17
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Bona A, Seifert M, Thünauer R, Zodel K, Frew IJ, Römer W, Walz G, Yakulov TA. MARVEL domain containing CMTM4 affects CXCR4 trafficking. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar116. [PMID: 36044337 PMCID: PMC9634968 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The MARVEL proteins CMTM4 and CMTM6 control PD-L1, thereby influencing tumor immunity. We found that defective zebrafish cmtm4 slowed the development of the posterior lateral line (pLL) by altering the Cxcr4b gradient across the pLL primordium (pLLP). Analysis in mammalian cells uncovered that CMTM4 interacted with CXCR4, altering its glycosylation pattern, but did not affect internalization or degradation of CXCR4 in the absence of its ligand CXCL12. Synchronized release of CXCR4 from the endoplasmic reticulum revealed that CMTM4 slowed CXCR4 trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane without affecting overall cell surface expression. Altered CXCR4 trafficking reduced ligand-induced CXCR4 degradation and affected AKT but not ERK1/2 activation. CMTM4 expression, in contrast to that of CXCR4, correlated with the survival of patients with renal cell cancer in the TCGA cohort. Furthermore, we observed that cmtm4 depletion promotes the separation of cells from the pLLP cell cluster in zebrafish embryos. Collectively, our findings indicate that CMTM4 exerts general roles in the biosynthetic pathway of cell surface molecules and seems to affect CXCR4-dependent cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bona
- Renal Division and,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany,*Address correspondence to: Alexandra Bona (); Toma A. Yakulov ()
| | | | - Roland Thünauer
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy and Image Analysis (TP MIA), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany,Advanced Light and Fluorescence Microscopy (ALFM) Facility, Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kyra Zodel
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian J. Frew
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS
| | - Winfried Römer
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), and,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division and,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS
| | - Toma A. Yakulov
- Renal Division and,*Address correspondence to: Alexandra Bona (); Toma A. Yakulov ()
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18
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) system has allowed chemists, biologists, and clinicians to improve our understanding of cell production and cancer therapy. The discovery of EGF led to the recognition of cell surface receptors capable of controlling the proliferation and survival of cells. The detailed structures of the EGF-like ligand and the responses of their receptors (EGFR-family) has revealed the conformational and aggregation changes whereby ligands activate the intracellular kinase domains. Biophysical analysis has revealed the preformed clustering of different EGFR-family members and the processes which occur on ligand binding. Understanding these receptor activation processes and the consequential cytoplasmic signaling has allowed the development of inhibitors which are revolutionizing cancer therapy. This Review describes the recent progress in our understanding of the activation of the EGFR-family, the effects of signaling from the EGFR-family on cell proliferation, and the targeting of the EGFR-family in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony W Burgess
- Honorary Laboratory Head, Personalized Oncology Division, WEHI, Parkville3050, Australia.,Professor Emeritus, Departments of Medical Biology and Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne3052, Australia.,The Brain Cancer Centre at WEHI, Parkville3052, Australia
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19
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Extracellular Adenosine (eAdo) - A2B Receptor Axis Inhibits in Nlrp3 Inflammasome-dependent Manner Trafficking of Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2893-2911. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe postulated that mobilization, homing, and engraftment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCPs) is facilitated by a state of sterile inflammation induced in bone marrow (BM) after administration of pro-mobilizing drugs or in response to pre-transplant myeloablative conditioning. An important role in this phenomenon plays purinergic signaling that by the release of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) activates in HSPCs and in cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PPR) known as Nlrp3 inflammasome. We reported recently that its deficiency results in defective trafficking of HSPCs. Moreover, it is known that eATP after release into extracellular space is processed by cell surface expressed ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to extracellular adenosine (eAdo) that in contrast to eATP shows an anti-inflammatory effect. Based on data that the state of sterile inflammation promotes trafficking of HSPCs, and since eAdo is endowed with anti-inflammatory properties we become interested in how eAdo will affect the mobilization, homing, and engraftment of HSPCs and which of eAdo receptors are involved in these processes. As expected, eAdo impaired HSPCs trafficking and this occurred in autocrine- and paracrine-dependent manner by direct stimulation of these cells or by affecting cells in the BM microenvironment. We report herein for the first time that this defect is mediated by activation of the A2B receptor and a specific inhibitor of this receptor improves eAdo-aggravated trafficking of HSPCs. To explain this at the molecular level eAdo-A2B receptor interaction upregulates in HSPCs in NF-kB-, NRF2- and cAMP-dependent manner heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), that is Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitor. This corroborated with our analysis of proteomics signature in murine HSPCs exposed to eAdo that revealed that A2B inhibition promotes cell migration and proliferation. Based on this we postulate that blockage of A2B receptor may accelerate the mobilization of HSPCs as well as their hematopoietic reconstitution and this approach could be potentially considered in the future to be tested in the clinic.
Graphical Abstract
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20
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Zhang S, Zhu N, Gu J, Li HF, Qiu Y, Liao DF, Qin L. Crosstalk between Lipid Rafts and Aging: New Frontiers for Delaying Aging. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1042-1055. [PMID: 35855333 PMCID: PMC9286918 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid aging in the global population, delay of aging has become a hot research topic. Lipid rafts (LRs) are microdomains in the plasma membrane that contain sphingolipids and cholesterol. Emerging evidence indicates an interesting interplay between LRs and aging. LRs and their components are altered with aging. Further, the aging process is strongly influenced by LRs. In recent years, LRs and their component signaling molecules have been recognized to affect aging by interfering with its hallmarks. Therefore, targeting LRs is a promising strategy to delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- 2Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Gu
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,3Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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21
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The P2X4 purinergic receptor has emerged as a potent regulator of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell mobilization and homing-a novel view of P2X4 and P2X7 receptor interaction in orchestrating stem cell trafficking. Leukemia 2022; 36:248-256. [PMID: 34285343 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP), as a major mediator of purinergic signaling, plays an important role in regulating the mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). In our previous work we demonstrated that eATP activates the P2X7 ion channel receptor in HSPCs and that its deficiency impairs stem cell trafficking. To learn more about the role of the P2X purinergic receptor family in hematopoiesis, we phenotyped murine and human HSPCs with respect to the seven P2X receptors and observed that, these cells also highly express P2X4 receptors, which shows ~50% sequence similarity to P2X7 subtypes, but that P2X4 cells are more sensitive to eATP and signal much more rapidly. Using the selective P2X4 receptor antagonist PSB12054 as well as P2X4-KO mice, we found that the P2X4 receptor, similar to P2X7 receptor, promotes trafficking of HSPCs in that its deficiency leads to impaired chemotaxis of HSPCs in response to a stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) gradient, less effective pharmacological mobilization, and defective homing and engraftment of HSPCs after transplantation into myeloablated hosts. This correlated with a decrease in SDF-1 expression in the BM microenvironment. Overall, our results confirm the proposed cooperative dependence of both receptors in response to eATP signaling. In G-CSF-induced mobilization, a lack of one receptor is not compensated by the presence of the other one, which supports their mutual dependence in regulating HSPC trafficking.
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22
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Moghadasi MH, Hajifathali A, Azad M, Rahmani M, Soleimani M. Expansion of cord blood stem cells in fibronectin-coated microfluidic bioreactor. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021; 44:504-511. [PMID: 34593367 PMCID: PMC9605910 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplantation is the main treatment option for hematological malignancies and disorders. One strategy to solve the problem of low stem cell doses used in transplantation is pre-transplant expansion. We hypothesized that using fibronectin-coated microfluidic channels would expand HSPCs and keep self-renewal potential in a three-dimensional environment, compared to the conventional method. We also compared stem cell homing factors expression in microfluidic to conventional cultures. Materials and methods A microfluidic device was created and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The CD133+ cells were collected from cord blood and purified. They were subsequently cultured in 24-well plates and microfluidic bioreactor systems using the StemSpan serum-free medium. Eventually, we analyzed cell surface expression levels of the CXCR4 molecule and CXCR4 mRNA expression in CD133+ cells cultured in different systems. Results The expansion results showed significant improvement in CD133+ cell expansion in the microfluidic system than the conventional method. The median expression of the CXCR4 in the expanded cell was lower in the conventional system than in the microfluidic system. The CXCR4 gene expression up-regulated in the microfluidic system. Conclusion Utilizing microfluidic systems to expand desired cells effectively is the next step in cell culture. Comparative gene expression profiling provides a glimpse of the effects of culture microenvironments on the genetic program of HSCs grown in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Davoodvandi A, Farshadi M, Zare N, Akhlagh SA, Alipour Nosrani E, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Kangari P, Sharafi SM, Khan H, Aschner M, Baniebrahimi G, Mirzaei H. Antimetastatic Effects of Curcumin in Oral and Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:668567. [PMID: 34456716 PMCID: PMC8386020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.668567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are known as frequently occurred solid malignant tumors that can cause the high rate mortality in the world. Metastasis is a significant destructive feature of tumoral cells, which directly correlates with decreased prognosis and survival. Curcumin, which is found in turmeric, has been identified as a potent therapeutic natural bioactive compound (Curcuma longa). It has been traditionally applied for centuries to treat different diseases, and it has shown efficacy for its anticancer properties. Numerous studies have revealed that curcumin inhibits migration and metastasis of GI cancer cells by modulating various genes and proteins, i.e., growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, different types of enzymes, caspases, cell adhesion molecules, and cell cycle proteins. Herein, we summarized the antimetastatic effects of curcumin in GI cancers, including pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, oral cancer, and esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Esmail Alipour Nosrani
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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24
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Ratajczak MZ, Kucia M. The Nlrp3 inflammasome - the evolving story of its positive and negative effects on hematopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:251-261. [PMID: 33901136 PMCID: PMC8169640 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoiesis is co-regulated by innate immunity, which is an ancient evolutionary defense mechanism also involved in the development and regeneration of damaged tissues. This review seeks to shed more light on the workings of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, which is an intracellular innate immunity pattern recognition receptor and sensor of changes in the hematopoietic microenvironment, and focus on its role in hematopoieisis. RECENT FINDINGS Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are exposed to several external mediators of innate immunity. Moreover, since hemato/lymphopoietic cells develop from a common stem cell, their behavior and fate are coregulated by intracellular innate immunity pathways. Therefore, the Nlrp3 inflammasome is functional both in immune cells and in HSPCs and affects hematopoiesis in either a positive or negative way, depending on its activity level. Specifically, while a physiological level of activation regulates the trafficking of HSPCs and most likely maintains their pool in the bone marrow, hyperactivation may lead to irreversible cell damage by pyroptosis and HSPC senescence and contribute to the origination of myelodysplasia and hematopoietic malignancies. SUMMARY Modulation of the level of Nrp3 inflammasome activation will enable improvements in HSPC mobilization, homing, and engraftment strategies. It may also control pathological activation of this protein complex during HSPC senescence, graft-versus-host disease, the induction of cytokine storms, and the development of hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Morshedi K, Borran S, Ebrahimi MS, Masoud Khooy MJ, Seyedi ZS, Amiri A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Fallah M, Khan H, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Therapeutic effect of curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4834-4897. [PMID: 34173992 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers with a high global prevalence are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, there is a great need to develop efficient therapeutic approaches. Curcumin, a naturally occurring agent, is a promising compound with documented safety and anticancer activities. Recent studies have demonstrated the activity of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of different cancers. According to systematic studies on curcumin use in various diseases, it can be particularly effective in GI cancers because of its high bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, the clinical applications of curcumin are largely limited because of its low solubility and low chemical stability in water. These limitations may be addressed by the use of relevant analogues or novel delivery systems. Herein, we summarize the pharmacological effects of curcumin against GI cancers. Moreover, we highlight the application of curcumin's analogues and novel delivery systems in the treatment of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Zeynab Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Nlrp3 Inflammasome Signaling Regulates the Homing and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSPCs) by Enhancing Incorporation of CXCR4 Receptor into Membrane Lipid Rafts. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:954-967. [PMID: 32661868 PMCID: PMC7456406 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) is crucial for positive clinical outcomes from transplantation. We found that this process depends on activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, both in the HSPCs to be transplanted and in the cells in the recipient bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. For the first time we provide evidence that functional deficiency in the Nlrp3 inflammasome in transplanted cells or in the host microenvironment leads to defective homing and engraftment. At the molecular level, functional deficiency of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in HSPCs leads to their defective migration in response to the major BM homing chemoattractant stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and to other supportive chemoattractants, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP). We report that activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome increases autocrine release of eATP, which promotes incorporation of the CXCR4 receptor into membrane lipid rafts at the leading surface of migrating cells. On the other hand, a lack of Nlrp3 inflammasome expression in BM conditioned for transplantation leads to a decrease in expression of SDF-1 and danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which are responsible for activation of the complement cascade (ComC), which in turn facilitates the homing and engraftment of HSPCs.
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27
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Ratajczak MZ, Kucia M. Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate (eATP) and Its Metabolite, Extracellular Adenosine (eAdo), as Opposing "Yin-Yang" Regulators of Nlrp3 Inflammasome in the Trafficking of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603942. [PMID: 33584673 PMCID: PMC7878390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nlrp3 inflammasome plays a pleiotropic role in hematopoietic cells. On the one hand, physiological activation of this intracellular protein complex is crucial to maintaining normal hematopoiesis and the trafficking of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). On the other hand, its hyperactivation may lead to cell death by pyroptosis, and prolonged activity is associated with sterile inflammation of the BM and, as a consequence, with the HSPCs aging and origination of myelodysplasia and leukemia. Thus, we need to understand better this protein complex’s actions to define the boundaries of its safety window and study the transition from being beneficial to being detrimental. As demonstrated, the Nlrp3 inflammasome is expressed and active both in HSPCs and in the non-hematopoietic cells that are constituents of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Importantly, the Nlrp3 inflammasome responds to mediators of purinergic signaling, and while extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) activates this protein complex, its metabolite extracellular adenosine (eAdo) has the opposite effect. In this review, we will discuss and focus on the physiological consequences of the balance between eATP and eAdo in regulating the trafficking of HSPCs in an Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent manner, as seen during pharmacological mobilization from BM into peripheral blood (PB) and in the reverse mechanism of homing from PB to BM and engraftment. We propose that both mediators of purinergic signaling and the Nlrp3 inflammasome itself may become important therapeutic targets in optimizing the trafficking of HSPCs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magda Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Karnas E, Sekuła-Stryjewska M, Kmiotek-Wasylewska K, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Ryszawy D, Sarna M, Madeja Z, Zuba-Surma EK. Extracellular vesicles from human iPSCs enhance reconstitution capacity of cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Leukemia 2021; 35:2964-2977. [PMID: 34140648 PMCID: PMC8478657 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) represents a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) for bone marrow (BM) reconstitution, but clinical CB application is limited in adult patients due to the insufficient number of CB-HSCPCs and the lack of effective ex vivo approaches to increase CB-HSPC functionality. Since human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been indicated as donor cells for bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulating properties of other cells, we are the first to employ hiPSC-derived EVs (hiPSC-EVs) to enhance the hematopoietic potential of CB-derived CD45dimLin-CD34+ cell fraction enriched in CB-HSPCs. We demonstrated that hiPSC-EVs improved functional properties of CB-HSPCs critical for their hematopoietic capacity including metabolic, hematopoietic and clonogenic potential as well as survival, chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor 1 and adhesion to the model components of hematopoietic niche in vitro. Moreover, hiPSC-EVs enhanced homing and engraftment of CB-HSPCs in vivo. This phenomenon might be related to activation of signaling pathways in CB-HSPCs following hiPSC-EV treatment, as shown on both gene expression and the protein kinases activity levels. In conclusion, hiPSC-EVs might be used as ex vivo modulators of CB-HSPCs capacity to enhance their functional properties and augment future practical applications of CB-derived cells in BM reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Karnas
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sekuła-Stryjewska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Laboratory of Stem Cell Biotechnology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek-Wasylewska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Sarna
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa K. Zuba-Surma
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Janagama D, Hui SK. 3-D Cell Culture Systems in Bone Marrow Tissue and Organoid Engineering, and BM Phantoms as In Vitro Models of Hematological Cancer Therapeutics-A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245609. [PMID: 33316977 PMCID: PMC7763362 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We review the state-of-the-art in bone and marrow tissue engineering (BMTE) and hematological cancer tissue engineering (HCTE) in light of the recent interest in bone marrow environment and pathophysiology of hematological cancers. This review focuses on engineered BM tissue and organoids as in vitro models of hematological cancer therapeutics, along with identification of BM components and their integration as synthetically engineered BM mimetic scaffolds. In addition, the review details interaction dynamics of various BM and hematologic cancer (HC) cell types in co-culture systems of engineered BM tissues/phantoms as well as their relation to drug resistance and cytotoxicity. Interaction between hematological cancer cells and their niche, and the difference with respect to the healthy niche microenvironment narrated. Future perspectives of BMTE for in vitro disease models, BM regeneration and large scale ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells for transplantation and therapy are explained. We conclude by overviewing the clinical application of biomaterials in BM and HC pathophysiology and its challenges and opportunities.
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30
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White CW, Caspar B, Vanyai HK, Pfleger KDG, Hill SJ. CRISPR-Mediated Protein Tagging with Nanoluciferase to Investigate Native Chemokine Receptor Function and Conformational Changes. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:499-510.e7. [PMID: 32053779 PMCID: PMC7242902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are a major class of membrane receptors that mediate physiological and pathophysiological cellular signaling. Many aspects of receptor activation and signaling can be investigated using genetically encoded luminescent fusion proteins. However, the use of these biosensors in live cell systems requires the exogenous expression of the tagged protein of interest. To maintain the normal cellular context here we use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair to insert luminescent tags into the endogenous genome. Using NanoLuc and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer we demonstrate fluorescent ligand binding at genome-edited chemokine receptors. We also demonstrate that split-NanoLuc complementation can be used to investigate conformational changes and internalization of CXCR4 and that recruitment of β-arrestin2 to CXCR4 can be monitored when both proteins are natively expressed. These results show that genetically encoded luminescent biosensors can be used to investigate numerous aspects of receptor function at native expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W White
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia.
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Hannah K Vanyai
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia; Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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31
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Hammad TA, Rundback J, Bunte M, Miller L, Patel PD, Sadanandan S, Fitzgerald M, Pastore J, Kashyap V, Henry TD, Shishehbor MH. Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Plasmid Treatment for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (STOP-PAD) Trial: Six-Month Results. J Endovasc Ther 2020; 27:669-675. [PMID: 32419594 DOI: 10.1177/1526602820919951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To present the 6-month results of the Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Plasmid Treatment for Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease (STOP-PAD) trial. The trial was an attempt to alter the course of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) with a biological agent vs placebo after successful arterial revascularization at or below the knee. Materials and Methods: The multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2B STOP-PAD trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02544204) randomized 109 patients (mean age 71 years; 68 men) with Rutherford category 5 or 6 CLTI and evidence of persistent impaired forefoot perfusion following recent successful revascularization to 8- (n=34) or 16-mg (n=36) intramuscular injections of a non-viral DNA plasmid-based treatment vs placebo (n=34). The primary efficacy outcome was the 6-month wound healing score evaluated by an independent wound core laboratory; the primary safety endpoint was major adverse limb events (MALE), a composite of major amputation plus clinically-driven target lesion revascularization at 6 months. Results: Only one-third of the patients had complete wound healing at 6 months in the placebo (31%), 8-mg injection (33%), and 16-mg injection (33%) groups. In addition, the observed increase in the toe-brachial index from baseline to 6 months was statistically significant in each group; however, this did not result in lower rates of MALE at 6 months (24% in the placebo, 29% in the 8-mg injection, and 11% in the 16-mg injection groups). During the 6-month period, 6 patients (6%) died, and 24 patients (23%) had an amputation [only 4 (4%) major]. Conclusion: Combining revascularization and biological therapy failed to improve outcomes in CLTI at 6 months. STOP-PAD has provided insights for future trials to evaluate biological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Hammad
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John Rundback
- Interventional Institute, Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Bunte
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, St Luke's Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vikram Kashyap
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mehdi H Shishehbor
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Innate immunity orchestrates the mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by engaging purinergic signaling-an update. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:153-166. [PMID: 32415576 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) as an active hematopoietic organ is highly sensitive to changes in body microenvironments and responds to external physical stimuli from the surrounding environment. In particular, BM tissue responds to several cues related to infections, strenuous exercise, tissue/organ damage, circadian rhythms, and physical challenges such as irradiation. These multiple stimuli affect BM cells to a large degree through a coordinated response of the innate immunity network as an important guardian for maintaining homeostasis of the body. In this review, we will foc++us on the role of purinergic signaling and innate immunity in the trafficking of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) during their egression from the BM into peripheral blood (PB), as seen along pharmacological mobilization, and in the process of homing and subsequent engraftment into BM after hematopoietic transplantation. Innate immunity mediates these processes by engaging, in addition to certain peptide-based factors, other important non-peptide mediators, including bioactive phosphosphingolipids and extracellular nucleotides, as the main topic of this review. Elucidation of these mechanisms will allow development of more efficient stem cell mobilization protocols to harvest the required number of HSPCs for transplantation and to accelerate hematopoietic reconstitution in transplanted patients.
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The Nlrp3 inflammasome as a "rising star" in studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Leukemia 2020; 34:1512-1523. [PMID: 32313108 PMCID: PMC7266743 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations indicate that hematopoiesis is coregulated by innate immunity signals and by pathways characteristic of the activation of innate immunity cells that also operate in normal hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). This should not be surprising because of the common developmental origin of these cells from a hemato/lymphopoietic stem cell. An important integrating factor is the Nlrp3 inflammasome, which has emerged as a major sensor of changes in body microenvironments, cell activation, and cell metabolic activity. It is currently the best-studied member of the inflammasome family expressed in hematopoietic and lymphopoietic cells, including also HSPCs. It is proposed as playing a role in (i) the development and expansion of HSPCs, (ii) their release from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) in stress situations and during pharmacological mobilization, (iii) their homing to BM after transplantation, and (iv) their aging and the regulation of hematopoietic cell metabolism. The Nlrp3 inflammasome is also involved in certain hematological pathologies, including (i) myelodysplastic syndrome, (ii) myeloproliferative neoplasms, (iii) leukemia, and (iv) graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after transplantation. The aim of this review is to shed more light on this intriguing intracellular protein complex that has become a “rising star” in studies focused on both normal steady-state and pathological hematopoiesis.
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Luteolin retards CXCL12-induced Jurkat cells migration by disrupting transcription of CXCR4. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 113:104370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Kim YH, Cho KA, Lee HJ, Park M, Shin SJ, Park JW, Woo SY, Ryu KH. Conditioned Medium from Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Bone Marrow Engraftment via Endothelial Cell Restoration by Pleiotrophin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010221. [PMID: 31952360 PMCID: PMC7017309 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been widely reported to promote HSC engraftment and enhance marrow stromal regeneration. The present study aimed to define whether MSC conditioned medium could recapitulate the effects of MSC cotransplantation. Mouse bone marrow (BM) was partially ablated by the administration of a busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu–Cy)-conditioning regimen in BALB/c recipient mice. BM cells (BMCs) isolated from C57BL/6 mice were transplanted via tail vein with or without tonsil-derived MSC conditioned medium (T-MSC CM). Histological analysis of femurs showed increased BM cellularity when T-MSC CM or recombinant human pleiotrophin (rhPTN), a cytokine readily secreted from T-MSCs with a function in hematopoiesis, was injected with BMCs. Microstructural impairment in mesenteric and BM arteriole endothelial cells (ECs) were observed after treatment with Bu–Cy-conditioning regimen; however, T-MSC CM or rhPTN treatment restored the defects. These effects by T-MSC CM were disrupted in the presence of an anti-PTN antibody, indicating that PTN is a key mediator of EC restoration and enhanced BM engraftment. In conclusion, T-MSC CM administration enhances BM engraftment, in part by restoring vasculature via PTN production. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic relevance of T-MSC CM for increasing HSC transplantation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Kyung-Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Hyun-Ji Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Minhwa Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Sang-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6986-1666; Fax: +82-2-6986-7000
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Huang X, Guo B, Capitano M, Broxmeyer HE. Past, present, and future efforts to enhance the efficacy of cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31723413 PMCID: PMC6823900 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been used as a viable source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in over 35,000 clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) efforts to treat the same variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders treated by bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) using HLA-matched or partially HLA-disparate related or unrelated donor cells for adult and children recipients. This review documents the beginning of this clinical effort that started in the 1980’s, the pros and cons of CB HCT compared to BM and mPB HCT, and recent experimental and clinical efforts to enhance the efficacy of CB HCT. These efforts include means for increasing HSC numbers in single CB collections, expanding functional HSCs
ex vivo, and improving CB HSC homing and engraftment, all with the goal of clinical translation. Concluding remarks highlight the need for phase I/II clinical trials to test the experimental procedures that are described, either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
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Islami M, Payandeh Z, Dalir Abdolahinia E, Saburi E, Soleimanifar F, Kehtari M, Mortazavi Y, Nadri S, Darvish M. Fucosylated umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell expansion on selectin-coated scaffolds. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22593-22603. [PMID: 31102280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advantages of transplantation of umbilical cord blood's (UCB's) hematopoietic stem cells (uHSCs) for hematologic malignancy treatment, there are two major challenges in using them: (a) Insufficient amount of uHSCs in a UCB unit; (b) a defect in uHSCs homing to bone marrow (BM) due to loose binding of their surface glycan ligands to BM's endothelium selectin receptors. To overcome these limitations, after poly l-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold establishment and incubation of uHSCs with fucosyltransferase-VI and GDP-fucose, ex vivo expansion of these cells on selectin-coated scaffold was done. The characteristics of the cultured fucosylated and nonfucosylated cells on a two-dimensional culture system, PLLA, and a selectin-coated scaffold were evaluated by flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, and CXCR4 expression at the messenger RNA and protein levels. According to the findings of this study, optimized attachment to the scaffold in scanning electron microscopy micrograph, maximum count of CFU, and the highest 570 nm absorption were observed in fucosylated cells expanded on selectin-coated scaffolds. Furthermore, real-time polymerase chain reaction showed the highest expression of the CXCR4 gene, and immunocytochemistry data confirmed that the CXCR4 protein was functional in this group compared with the other groups. Considered together, the results showed that selectin-coated scaffold could be a supportive structure for fucosylated uHSC expansion and homing by nanotopography. Fucosylated cells placed on the selectin-coated scaffold serve as a basal surface for cell-cell interaction and more homing potential of uHSCs. Accordingly, this procedure can also be considered as a promising technique for the hematological disorder treatment and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Islami
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mousa Kehtari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arāk, Iran
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Parween F, Yadav J, Qadri A. The Virulence Polysaccharide of Salmonella Typhi Suppresses Activation of Rho Family GTPases to Limit Inflammatory Responses From Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:141. [PMID: 31134159 PMCID: PMC6517557 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi) is a major virulence factor of human typhoid-causing pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). It distinguishes S. Typhi from closely related non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars such as S. Typhimurium which do not normally cause systemic infection in humans. Vi not only forms a capsule around S. Typhi but it is also readily released from this pathogen. We have previously reported that Vi targets prohibitin to inhibit cellular responses activated through immune receptors. Here, we show that engagement of membrane prohibitin with Vi prevents Salmonella-induced activation of small Rho-family GTPases, Rac1, and Cdc42, and suppresses actin cytoskeletal rearrangements resulting in reduced invasion and highly subdued inflammatory responses. Cells infected with S. Typhimurium in the presence of Vi show poor activation of NF-kB and MAP-kinase pathways of intracellular signaling. Treatment with Vi brings about redistribution of Rac-1, prohibitin, and ganglioside GM1 in membrane raft domains. Vi-mediated interference with activation of Rho-family GTPases represents a previously unrecognized mechanism by which S. Typhi can limit its invasion and alarming of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Parween
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitender Yadav
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayub Qadri
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Mu W, Wang Z, Zöller M. Ping-Pong-Tumor and Host in Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1359. [PMID: 31921628 PMCID: PMC6927459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of high pancreatic cancer (PaCa) mortality and trials dampening PaCa mortality rates are not satisfying. Tumor progression is driven by the crosstalk between tumor cells, predominantly cancer-initiating cells (CIC), and surrounding cells and tissues as well as distant organs, where tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEX) are of major importance. A strong stroma reaction, recruitment of immunosuppressive leukocytes, perineural invasion, and early spread toward the peritoneal cavity, liver, and lung are shared with several epithelial cell-derived cancer, but are most prominent in PaCa. Here, we report on the state of knowledge on the PaCIC markers Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CD44v6, CXCR4, LRP5/6, LRG5, claudin7, EpCAM, and CD133, which all, but at different steps, are engaged in the metastatic cascade, frequently via PaCIC-TEX. This includes the contribution of PaCIC markers to TEX biogenesis, targeting, and uptake. We then discuss PaCa-selective features, where feedback loops between stromal elements and tumor cells, including distorted transcription, signal transduction, and metabolic shifts, establish vicious circles. For the latter particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are responsible, furnishing PaCa to cope with poor angiogenesis-promoted hypoxia by metabolic shifts and direct nutrient transfer via vesicles. Furthermore, nerves including Schwann cells deliver a large range of tumor cell attracting factors and Schwann cells additionally support PaCa cell survival by signaling receptor binding. PSC, tumor-associated macrophages, and components of the dysplastic stroma contribute to perineural invasion with signaling pathway activation including the cholinergic system. Last, PaCa aggressiveness is strongly assisted by the immune system. Although rich in immune cells, only immunosuppressive cells and factors are recovered in proximity to tumor cells and hamper effector immune cells entering the tumor stroma. Besides a paucity of immunostimulatory factors and receptors, immunosuppressive cytokines, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T-cells, and M2 macrophages as well as PSC actively inhibit effector cell activation. This accounts for NK cells of the non-adaptive and cytotoxic T-cells of the adaptive immune system. We anticipate further deciphering the molecular background of these recently unraveled intermingled phenomena may turn most lethal PaCa into a curatively treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Mu
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ha TW, Kang HS, Kim TH, Kwon JH, Kim HK, Ryu A, Jeon H, Han J, Broxmeyer HE, Hwang Y, Lee YK, Lee MR. MiR-9 Controls Chemotactic Activity of Cord Blood CD34⁺ Cells by Repressing CXCR4 Expression. Int J Stem Cells 2018; 11:187-195. [PMID: 30343551 PMCID: PMC6285292 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved approaches for promoting umbilical cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homing are clinically important to enhance engraftment of CB-HSCs. Clinical transplantation of CB-HSCs is used to treat a wide range of disorders. However, an improved understanding of HSC chemotaxis is needed for facilitation of the engraftment process. We found that ectopic overexpression of miR-9 and antisense-miR-9 respectively down- and up-regulated C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression in CB-CD34+ cells as well as in 293T and TF-1 cell lines. Since CXCR4 is a specific receptor for the stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) chemotactic factor, we investigated whether sense miR-9 and antisense miR-9 influenced CXCR4-mediated chemotactic mobility of primary CB CD34+ cells and TF-1 cells. Ectopic overexpression of sense miR-9 and antisense miR-9 respectively down- and up-regulated SDF-1-mediated chemotactic cell mobility. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that miR-9 may play a role in regulating CXCR4 expression and SDF-1-mediated chemotactic activity of CB CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Ha
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Aeli Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soon Chun Hyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyeji Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soon Chun Hyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea
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Homing Genes Expression in Fucosyltransferase VI-Treated Umbilical Cord Blood CD133+ Cells which Expanded on Protein-Coated Nanoscaffolds. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:455-467. [PMID: 29730712 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are considered because of their self-renewing, differentiating, proliferating, and readily available properties. Moreover, HSCs' homing to the hematopoietic microenvironment is an important step in their transplantation process. But low content of progenitor cells in one unit of UCB and defect in the bone marrow (BM) homing limit their applications. Hence, we decided to correct this deficiency with ex vivo incubation of CD133+ cells using fucosyltransferase VI and GDP-fucose. Then C-X-C chemokines receptor-4 (CXCR4), very late activation antigen-4 (VLA4), very late activation antigen-5 (VLA5), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and E-cadherin (E-cad) genes expressions were investigated with the goal of homing evaluation. The purity of MACS isolated CD133+ cells and confirmation of fucosylation were done by flow cytometry, and the viability of cells seeded on protein-coated poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold was proven via MTT assay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), CFU assays, and expression assays of CXCR4, VLA4, VLA5, LFA-1 and E-cad by real-time PCR were performed, too. Flow cytometry data showed that isolated cells were suitable for fucosyltransferase VI (FT-VI) incubation and expansion on nanoscaffolds. MTT, CFU assays, and SEM micrographs demonstrated fibronectin (FN)-collagen-selectin (FCS)-coated scaffold serve as best environment for viability, clonogenicity, and cell attachment. High levels of homing genes expression were also observed in cells seeded on FCS-coated scaffolds. Also, CXCR4 flow cytometry analysis confirmed real-time data. FCS-PLLA scaffolds provided optimal conditions for viability of FT-VI-treated CD133+ cells, and clonogenicity with the goal of improving homing following UCB-HSCs transplantation.
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Peptide density targets and impedes triple negative breast cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2612. [PMID: 29973594 PMCID: PMC6031661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4, CD184) pathway is a key regulator of cancer metastasis. Existing therapeutics that block CXCR4 signaling are dependent on single molecule-receptor interactions or silencing CXCR4 expression. CXCR4 localizes in lipid rafts and forms dimers therefore CXCR4 targeting and signaling may depend on ligand density. Herein, we report liposomes presenting a CXCR4 binding peptide (DV1) as a three-dimensional molecular array, ranging from 9k to 74k molecules μm−2, target triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC cells exhibit a maxima in binding and uptake of DV1-functionalized liposomes (L-DV1) in vitro at a specific density, which yields a significant reduction in cell migration. This density inhibits metastasis from a primary tumor for 27 days, resulting from peptide density dependent gene regulation. We show that complementing cell membrane receptor expression may be a strategy for targeting cells and regulating signaling. The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) pathway is a key regulator of cancer metastasis. Here, the authors present a method to block CXCR4 and thereby inhibit breast cancer metastasis by developing a liposome that presents CXCR4-binding peptides in a multivalent fashion.
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Expression patterns and role of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in boar spermatogonial stem cells. Theriogenology 2018; 113:221-228. [PMID: 29573661 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The signaling of chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptor C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is involved in the cellular proliferation, survival, and migration of various cell types. Although SDF-1/CXCR4 has been implicated in the maintenance of the spermatogonial population during mouse testis development, their expression patterns and functions in boar testis remain unclear. In the present study, the expression pattern of SDF-1 and CXCR4 was determined during pre-pubertal and post-pubertal stage boar testes and in vitro cultured porcine spermatogonial stem cells (pSSCs). The role of these proteins in colony formation in cultured pSSCs was also investigated. Interestingly, SDF-1 expression was observed in PGP 9.5-positve spermatogonia in all developing stages of boar testis; however, CXCR4 expression was only detected in spermatogonia from 5-day-old boar testis. In addition, SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression was observed in cultured pSSCs from 5-day-old boar testes, and inhibition of the CXCR4 receptor signaling pathway by AMD3100 significantly decreased the colony formation of pSSCs. These results suggest that SDF-1 and CXCR4 are useful markers for detecting stage-specific spermatogonia in boar testis. Our results reveal the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in pSSC in vitro culture.
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Selleri C, Montuori N, Salvati A, Serio B, Pesapane A, Ricci P, Gorrasi A, Li Santi A, Hoyer-Hansen G, Ragno P. Involvement of urokinase receptor in the cross-talk between human hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60206-60217. [PMID: 27517491 PMCID: PMC5312379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in bone marrow (BM) and can be induced to mobilize into the circulation for transplantation. Homing and lodgement into BM of transplanted HSCs are the first critical steps in their engraftment and involve multiple interactions between HSCs and the BM microenvironment.uPAR is a three domain receptor (DIDIIDIII) which binds urokinase, vitronectin, integrins. uPAR can be cleaved and shed from the cell surface generating full-length and cleaved soluble forms (suPAR and DIIDIII-suPAR). DIIDIII-suPAR can bind fMLF receptors through the SRSRY sequence (residues 88-92).We previously reported the involvement of soluble uPAR in HSC mobilization. We now investigate its possible role in HSC homing and engraftment.We show similar levels of circulating full-length suPAR in healthy donors and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients before and after the pre-transplant conditioning regimen. By contrast, levels of circulating DIIDIII-suPAR in AML patients are higher as compared to controls and significantly decrease after the conditioning.We found that suPAR and uPAR84-95, a uPAR-derived peptide which mimics active DIIDIII-suPAR, induce a significant increase in Long Term Culture (LTC)-Initiating Cells (ICs) and in the release of clonogenic progenitors from LTCs of CD34+ HSCs. Further, suPAR increases adhesion and survival of CD34+ KG1 AML cells, whereas uPAR84-95 increases their proliferation.Thus, circulating DIIDIII-suPAR, strongly increased in HSC mobilization, is indeed down-regulated by pre-transplant conditioning, probably to favour HSC homing. BM full-length suPAR and DIIDIII-suPAR may be involved in HSC lodgement within the BM by contributing to a suitable microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Bianca Serio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Gorrasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Li Santi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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The Involvment of Hematopoietic-Specific PLC -β2 in Homing and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:613-620. [PMID: 27704316 PMCID: PMC5106505 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Migration and bone marrow (BM) homing of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) is regulated by several signaling pathways, and here we provide evidence for the involvement in this process of hematopoietic-specific phospholipase C-β2 (PLC-β2). This enzyme is involved in release of intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Recently we reported that PLC-β2 promotes mobilization of HSPCs from BM into peripheral blood (PB), and this effect is mediated by the involvement of PLC-β2 in the release of proteolytic enzymes from granulocytes and its role in disintegration of membrane lipid rafts. Here we report that, besides the role of PLC-β2 in the release of HSPCs from BM niches, PLC-β2 regulates the migration of HSPCs in response to chemotactic gradients of BM homing factors, including SDF-1, S1P, C1P, and ATP. Specifically, HSPCs from PLC-β2-KO mice show impaired homing and engraftment in vivo after transplantation into lethally irradiated mice. This decrease in migration of HSPCs can be explained by impaired calcium release in PLC-β2-KO mice and a high baseline level of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an enzyme that negatively regulates cell migration.
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Early assessment of dosimetric and biological differences of total marrow irradiation versus total body irradiation in rodents. Radiother Oncol 2017; 124:468-474. [PMID: 28778346 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a murine total marrow irradiation (TMI) model in comparison with the total body irradiation (TBI) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Myeloablative TMI and TBI were administered in mice using a custom jig, and the dosimetric differences between TBI and TMI were evaluated. The early effects of TBI/TMI on bone marrow (BM) and organs were evaluated using histology, FDG-PET, and cytokine production. TMI and TBI with and without cyclophosphamide (Cy) were evaluated for donor cell engraftment and tissue damage early after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression was evaluated. RESULTS TMI resulted in similar dose exposure to bone and 50% reduction in dose to bystander organs. BM histology was similar between the groups. In the non-HCT model, TMI mice had significantly less acute intestinal and lung injury compared to TBI. In the HCT model, recipients of TMI had significantly less acute intestinal injury and spleen GVHD, but increased early donor cell engraftment and BM:organ SDF-1 ratio compared to TBI recipients. CONCLUSIONS The expected BM damage was similar in both models, but the damage to other normal tissues was reduced by TMI. However, BM engraftment was improved in the TMI group compared to TBI, which may be due to enhanced production of SDF-1 in BM relative to other organs after TMI.
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Blood on the tracks: hematopoietic stem cell-endothelial cell interactions in homing and engraftment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:809-819. [PMID: 28702683 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the hematopoietic system undergo rapid turnover. Each day, humans require the production of about one hundred billion new blood cells for proper function. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells that reside in specialized niches and are required throughout life to produce specific progenitor cells that will replenish all blood lineages. There is, however, an incomplete understanding of the molecular and physical properties that regulate HSC migration, homing, engraftment, and maintenance in the niche. Endothelial cells (ECs) are intimately associated with HSCs throughout the life of the stem cell, from the specialized endothelial cells that give rise to HSCs, to the perivascular niche endothelial cells that regulate HSC homeostasis. Recent studies have dissected the unique molecular and physical properties of the endothelial cells in the HSC vascular niche and their role in HSC biology, which may be manipulated to enhance hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several mechanisms have been postulated to orchestrate mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and still more work is needed to better understand this process and to gain better mechanistic insight. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence accumulated that mobilization of HSPCs is a part of innate immunity response to tissue organ injury, stress, and infection. This evolutionary ancient process is orchestrated by granulocytes and monocytes that trigger activation of complement cascade and the coagulation cascade. SUMMARY We will present data from our laboratory that initiation of complement cascade activation and subsequently activation of the coagulation cascade during mobilization process are dependent on mannan-binding lectin (MBL). The mannan-binding pathway activates MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP-1 and MASP-2) that cleave the third complement component C3 and prothrombin. Cleavage of C3 leads to formation of classical C5 convertase and cleavage of prothrombin generates thrombin, which has "C5-like convertase" activity. Finally, both C5 convertase and thrombin cleave the fifth complement component C5, and activate distal part of the complement cascade that is crucial for egress of HSCPs from bone marrow niches into peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Adamiak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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Kode J, Khattry N, Bakshi A, Amrutkar V, Bagal B, Karandikar R, Rane P, Fujii N, Chiplunkar S. Study of stem cell homing & self-renewal marker gene profile of ex vivo expanded human CD34 + cells manipulated with a mixture of cytokines & stromal cell-derived factor 1. Indian J Med Res 2017; 146:56-70. [PMID: 29168461 PMCID: PMC5719609 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1319_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Next generation transplantation medicine aims to develop stimulating cocktail for increased ex vivo expansion of primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). The present study was done to evaluate the cocktail GF (Thrombopoietin + Stem Cell factor + Flt3-ligand) and homing-defining molecule Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) for HSPC ex vivo expansion. METHODS Peripheral blood stem cell (n=74) harvests were analysed for CD34hiCD45lo HSPC. Immunomagnetically enriched HSPC were cultured for eight days and assessed for increase in HSPC, colony forming potential in vitro and in vivo engrafting potential by analyzing human CD45+ cells. Expression profile of genes for homing and stemness were studied using microarray analysis. Expression of adhesion/homing markers were validated by flow cytometry/ confocal microscopy. RESULTS CD34hiCD45lo HSPC expansion cultures with GF+SDF1 demonstrated increased nucleated cells (n=28, P+ cells (n=8, P=0.021) and increased colony forming units (cfu) compared to unstimulated and GF-stimulated HSPC. NOD-SCID mice transplanted with GF+SDF1-HSPC exhibited successful homing/engraftment (n=24, PInterpretation & conclusions: Cocktail of cytokines and SDF1 showed good potential to successfully expand HSPC which exhibited enhanced ability to generate multilineage cells in short-term and long-term repopulation assay. This cocktail-mediated stem cell expansion has potential to obviate the need for longer and large volume apheresis procedure making it convenient for donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kode
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India
- Reprint requests: Dr. Jyoti Kode, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Chiplunkar Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai 410 210, Maharashtra, India e-mail:
| | - Navin Khattry
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Bakshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Vasanti Amrutkar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Bhausaheb Bagal
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rohini Karandikar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Clinical Trial Unit, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shubhada Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Using nanoBRET and CRISPR/Cas9 to monitor proximity to a genome-edited protein in real-time. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3187. [PMID: 28600500 PMCID: PMC5466623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has been a vital tool for understanding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. It has been used to investigate GPCR-protein and/or -ligand interactions as well as GPCR oligomerisation. However the utility of BRET is limited by the requirement that the fusion proteins, and in particular the donor, need to be exogenously expressed. To address this, we have used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair to generate protein-Nanoluciferase (Nluc) fusions under endogenous promotion, thus allowing investigation of proximity between the genome-edited protein and an exogenously expressed protein by BRET. Here we report BRET monitoring of GPCR-mediated β-arrestin2 recruitment and internalisation where the donor luciferase was under endogenous promotion, in live cells and in real time. We have investigated the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create genome-edited fusion proteins that can be used as BRET donors and propose that this strategy can be used to overcome the need for exogenous donor expression.
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