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Loh KM, Ang LT. Building human artery and vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells, and enduring mysteries surrounding arteriovenous development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:62-75. [PMID: 37393122 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their manifold roles in health and disease, there have been intense efforts to synthetically generate blood vessels in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, there are multiple types of blood vessel, including arteries and veins, which are molecularly and functionally different. How can we specifically generate either arterial or venous endothelial cells (ECs) from hPSCs in vitro? Here, we summarize how arterial or venous ECs arise during embryonic development. VEGF and NOTCH arbitrate the bifurcation of arterial vs. venous ECs in vivo. While manipulating these two signaling pathways biases hPSC differentiation towards arterial and venous identities, efficiently generating these two subtypes of ECs has remained challenging until recently. Numerous questions remain to be fully addressed. What is the complete identity, timing and combination of extracellular signals that specify arterial vs. venous identities? How do these extracellular signals intersect with fluid flow to modulate arteriovenous fate? What is a unified definition for endothelial progenitors or angioblasts, and when do arterial vs. venous potentials segregate? How can we regulate hPSC-derived arterial and venous ECs in vitro, and generate organ-specific ECs? In turn, answers to these questions could avail the production of arterial and venous ECs from hPSCs, accelerating vascular research, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Lay Teng Ang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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2
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Sumanas S. Endocardium gives rise to blood cells in zebrafish embryos. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113736. [PMID: 38308842 PMCID: PMC10993658 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the endocardium contributes to hematopoiesis in murine embryos, although definitive evidence to demonstrate the hematopoietic potential of the endocardium is still missing. Here, we use a zebrafish embryonic model to test the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors from the endocardium. By using a combination of expression analysis, time-lapse imaging, and lineage-tracing approaches, we demonstrate that myeloid cells emerge from the endocardium in zebrafish embryos. Inhibition of Etv2/Etsrp or Scl/Tal1, two known master regulators of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis, does not affect the emergence of endocardial-derived myeloid cells, while inhibition of Hedgehog signaling results in their reduction. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis followed by experimental validation suggests that the endocardium is the major source of neutrophilic granulocytes. These findings will promote our understanding of alternative mechanisms involved in hematopoiesis, which are likely to be conserved between zebrafish and mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratories, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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3
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Fechner J, Lausen J. Transcription Factor TAL1 in Erythropoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:243-258. [PMID: 39017847 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) regulate differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). They are decisive for the establishment and maintenance of lineage-specific gene expression programs during hematopoiesis. For this they create a regulatory network between TFs, epigenetic cofactors, and microRNAs. They activate cell-type specific genes and repress competing gene expression programs. Disturbance of this process leads to impaired lineage fidelity and diseases of the blood system. The TF T-cell acute leukemia 1 (TAL1) is central for erythroid differentiation and contributes to the formation of distinct gene regulatory complexes in progenitor cells and erythroid cells. A TAL1/E47 heterodimer binds to DNA with the TFs GATA-binding factor 1 and 2 (GATA1/2), the cofactors LIM domain only 1 and 2 (LMO1/2), and LIM domain-binding protein 1 (LDB1) to form a core TAL1 complex. Furthermore, cell-type-dependent interactions of TAL1 with other TFs such as with runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) are established. Moreover, TAL1 activity is regulated by the formation of TAL1 isoforms, posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and microRNAs. Here, we describe the function of TAL1 in normal hematopoiesis with a focus on erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fechner
- Department of Eukaryotic Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Department of Eukaryotic Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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4
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The transcription factor complex LMO2/TAL1 regulates branching and endothelial cell migration in sprouting angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7226. [PMID: 35508511 PMCID: PMC9068620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor complex, consisting of LMO2, TAL1 or LYL1, and GATA2, plays an important role in capillary sprouting by regulating VEGFR2, DLL4, and angiopoietin 2 in tip cells. Overexpression of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor LYL1 in transgenic mice results in shortened tails. This phenotype is associated with vessel hyperbranching and a relative paucity of straight vessels due to DLL4 downregulation in tip cells by forming aberrant complex consisting of LMO2 and LYL1. Knockdown of LMO2 or TAL1 inhibits capillary sprouting in spheroid-based angiogenesis assays, which is associated with decreased angiopoietin 2 secretion. In the same assay using mixed TAL1- and LYL1-expressing endothelial cells, TAL1 was found to be primarily located in tip cells, while LYL1-expressing cells tended to occupy the stalk position in sprouts by upregulating VEGFR1 than TAL1. Thus, the interaction between LMO2 and TAL1 in tip cells plays a key role in angiogenic switch of sprouting angiogenesis.
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Capon SJ, Uribe V, Dominado N, Ehrlich O, Smith KA. Endocardial identity is established during early somitogenesis by Bmp signalling acting upstream of npas4l and etv2. Development 2022; 149:275317. [PMID: 35531980 PMCID: PMC9148566 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The endocardium plays important roles in the development and function of the vertebrate heart; however, few molecular markers of this tissue have been identified and little is known about what regulates its differentiation. Here, we describe the Gt(SAGFF27C); Tg(4xUAS:egfp) line as a marker of endocardial development in zebrafish. Transcriptomic comparison between endocardium and pan-endothelium confirms molecular distinction between these populations and time-course analysis suggests differentiation as early as eight somites. To investigate what regulates endocardial identity, we employed npas4l, etv2 and scl loss-of-function models. Endocardial expression is lost in npas4l mutants, significantly reduced in etv2 mutants and only modestly affected upon scl loss-of-function. Bmp signalling was also examined: overactivation of Bmp signalling increased endocardial expression, whereas Bmp inhibition decreased expression. Finally, epistasis experiments showed that overactivation of Bmp signalling was incapable of restoring endocardial expression in etv2 mutants. By contrast, overexpression of either npas4l or etv2 was sufficient to rescue endocardial expression upon Bmp inhibition. Together, these results describe the differentiation of the endocardium, distinct from vasculature, and place npas4l and etv2 downstream of Bmp signalling in regulating its differentiation. Summary: A zebrafish transgenic reporter of the endocardium is identified, permitting transcriptomic analysis and identification of new endocardial markers. Epistasis experiments demonstrate npas4l and etv2 act downstream of Bmp signalling to regulate endocardial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Capon
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Veronica Uribe
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicole Dominado
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ophelia Ehrlich
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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6
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Metikala S, Warkala M, Casie Chetty S, Chestnut B, Rufin Florat D, Plender E, Nester O, Koenig AL, Astrof S, Sumanas S. Integration of vascular progenitors into functional blood vessels represents a distinct mechanism of vascular growth. Dev Cell 2022; 57:767-782.e6. [PMID: 35276066 PMCID: PMC9365108 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the initial vascular network forms by the process of vasculogenesis, or the specification of vascular progenitors de novo. In contrast, the majority of later-forming vessels arise by angiogenesis from the already established vasculature. Here, we show that new vascular progenitors in zebrafish embryos emerge from a distinct site along the yolk extension, or secondary vascular field (SVF), incorporate into the posterior cardinal vein, and contribute to subintestinal vasculature even after blood circulation has been initiated. We further demonstrate that SVF cells participate in vascular recovery after chemical ablation of vascular endothelial cells. Inducible inhibition of the function of vascular progenitor marker etv2/etsrp prevented SVF cell differentiation and resulted in the defective formation of subintestinal vasculature. Similar late-forming etv2+ progenitors were also observed in mouse embryos, suggesting that SVF cells are evolutionarily conserved. Our results characterize a distinct mechanism by which new vascular progenitors incorporate into established vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeva Metikala
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Michael Warkala
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Satish Casie Chetty
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Brendan Chestnut
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Diandra Rufin Florat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Elizabeth Plender
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Olivia Nester
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew L Koenig
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Sophie Astrof
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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7
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Han JK, Shin Y, Kim HS. Direct Conversion of Cell Fate and Induced Endothelial Cells. Circ J 2021; 86:1925-1933. [PMID: 34732599 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nuclear reprogramming technology have enabled the dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation of mammalian cells. Forced induction of the key transcription factors constituting a transcriptional network can convert cells back to their pluripotent status or directly to another cell fate without inducing pluripotency. To date, direct conversion to several cell types, including cardiomyocytes, various types of neurons, and pancreatic β-cells, has been reported. We previously demonstrated direct lineage reprogramming of adult fibroblasts into induced endothelial cells (iECs) in mice and humans. In contrast to induced pluripotent stem cells, for which there is consensus on the criteria defining pluripotency, such criteria have not yet been established in the field of direct conversion. We thus suggest that careful assessment of the status of converted cells using genetic and epigenetic profiling, various functional assays, and the use of multiple readouts is essential to determine successful conversion. As direct conversion does not go through pluripotent status, this technique can be utilized for therapeutic purposes without the risk of tumorigenesis. Further, direct conversion can be induced in vivo by gene delivery to the target tissue or organ in situ. Thus, direct conversion technology can be developed into cell therapy or gene therapy for regenerative purposes. Here, we review the potential and future directions of direct cell fate conversion and iECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kyu Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Youngchul Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer, Seoul National University Hospital
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8
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Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Perez GM, Hof PR, Elder GA. Hemovasculogenic origin of blood vessels in the developing mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:340-366. [PMID: 32415669 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascular structures in the developing brain are thought to form via angiogenesis from preformed blood vessels in the cephalic mesenchyme. Immunohistochemical studies of developing mouse brain from E10.5 to E13.5 revealed the presence of avascular blood islands of primitive erythroid cells expressing hemangioblast markers (Flk1, Tal1/Scl1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, vascular endothelial-cadherin, and CD34) and an endothelial marker recognized by Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4) in the cephalic mesenchyme. These cells formed a perineural vascular plexus from which angiogenic sprouts originated and penetrated the neuroepithelium. In addition, avascular isolated cells expressing primitive erythroid, hemangioblast and endothelial makers were visible in the neuroepithelium where they generated vasculogenic and hemogenic foci. From E10.5 to E13.5, these vasculogenic foci were a source of new blood vessel formation in the developing brain. In vitro, cultured E13.5 brain endothelial cells contained hemogenic endothelial cells capable of generating erythroid cells. Similar cells were present in primary cultures of dissociated cells from E10.5 embryonic head. Our results provide new evidence that the brain vasculature, like that of the yolk sac and the eye choriocapillaris and hyaloid vascular systems, develops at least in part via hemovasculogenesis, a process in which vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis occur simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gama Sosa
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gissel M Perez
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory A Elder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Sun H, Zhang Z, Luo W, Liu J, Lou Y, Xia S. MiR-7 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting the Oncogenes TAL1 in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820934130. [PMID: 32633635 PMCID: PMC7343363 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820934130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a hematologic malignancy characterized by T-cell proliferation, and in many cases, the ectopic expression of the oncogenic transcription factor T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (TAL1). MicroRNA-7 has been shown to play a critical role in proliferation, migration, and treatment sensitivity in a diverse array of cancers. In this study, we sought to establish a novel link between microRNA-7 and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia oncogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHOD To do so, we characterized gene expression of microRNA-7 as well as TAL1 in both T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient-derived tissue and cell lines, as well as performing functional luciferase assays to assess microRNA-7 binding to the TAL1 3'-untranslated region. We also performed growth, apoptosis, and migration experiments using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Annexin V, and transwell assays in the context of microRNA-7 overexpression. RESULTS We found that microRNA-7 expression is attenuated and inversely correlated with TAL1 expression in TAL1 + T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Additionally, microRNA-7 directly targets and suppresses TAL1 levels. Finally, microRNA-7 overexpression reduces growth, motility, and migration while inducing apoptosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, phenotypes that can be rescued by concomitant overexpression of TAL1. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that microRNA-7 functions as a potent tumor suppressor by inhibiting the oncogene TAL1 and suggest microRNA-7 could function as a prognostic biomarker and possible therapeutic in the clinical management of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Longhua People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Longhua People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Longhua People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junmin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Longhua People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ye Lou
- Department of Hematology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Shengmei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Protective Effect and Mechanisms of New Gelatin on Chemotherapy-Induced Hematopoietic Injury Zebrafish Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8918943. [PMID: 31531120 PMCID: PMC6721477 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8918943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the protective effect of new gelatin (NG, Xin'ejiao in China) on hematopoietic injury caused by chemotherapy. Zebrafish, at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf), was treated with different chemotherapeutic drugs to establish the zebrafish hematopoietic damage model with reduced thrombocytes and erythrocytes. The protecting effects of NG on the thrombocytes and erythrocytes were observed, respectively, on zebrafish models. Then, the RT-PCR method was used to detect the change of mRNA level of the hematopoiesis-related cytokines scl1, c-myb, pu.1, GATA1, and runx1 genes. The results showed that 50 μg·mL−1 and 100 μg·mL−1 NG rescued and increased the thrombocytes numbers induced by vinorelbine (NVB) and chloramphenicol (CHL) and the erythrocytes numbers induced by methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin (ADM), and mechlorethamine hydrochloride (MH) in zebrafish models. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of scl1, c-myb, and GATA1 genes in the NG treatment group was raised compared with the MTX treatment group. Also, the mRNA expression of pu.1 and Runx1 in the NG treatment group was reduced compared with the MTX treatment group. In consequence, traditional Chinese medicine NG showed a certain degree protective effect on hematopoiesis injury induced by chemotherapy in this study, which may depend on the promotion of erythrocytes proliferation and the regulation of the hematopoietic genes level.
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11
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Bonkhofer F, Rispoli R, Pinheiro P, Krecsmarik M, Schneider-Swales J, Tsang IHC, de Bruijn M, Monteiro R, Peterkin T, Patient R. Blood stem cell-forming haemogenic endothelium in zebrafish derives from arterial endothelium. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3577. [PMID: 31395869 PMCID: PMC6687740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells are generated from the haemogenic endothelium (HE) located in the floor of the dorsal aorta (DA). Despite being integral to arteries, it is controversial whether HE and arterial endothelium share a common lineage. Here, we present a transgenic zebrafish runx1 reporter line to isolate HE and aortic roof endothelium (ARE)s, excluding non-aortic endothelium. Transcriptomic analysis of these populations identifies Runx1-regulated genes and shows that HE initially expresses arterial markers at similar levels to ARE. Furthermore, runx1 expression depends on prior arterial programming by the Notch ligand dll4. Runx1−/− mutants fail to downregulate arterial genes in the HE, which remains integrated within the DA, suggesting that Runx1 represses the pre-existing arterial programme in HE to allow progression towards the haematopoietic fate. These findings strongly suggest that, in zebrafish, aortic endothelium is a precursor to HE, with potential implications for pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols for the generation of transplantable HSCs. HSCs emerge from haemogenic endothelium (HE) in the dorsal aorta but whether these tissues share a common lineage is unclear. Here, the authors use a zebrafish runx1 reporter to show that HE maintains an arterial gene expression profile in the absence of Runx1, suggesting the aortic endothelium as a precursor of HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bonkhofer
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Rossella Rispoli
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Pinheiro
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Monika Krecsmarik
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Janina Schneider-Swales
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ingrid Ho Ching Tsang
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Marella de Bruijn
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK. .,BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK. .,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Tessa Peterkin
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK. .,BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK.
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12
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Ferri-Lagneau KF, Haider J, Sang S, Leung T. Rescue of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells formation in plcg1 zebrafish mutant. Sci Rep 2019; 9:244. [PMID: 30664660 PMCID: PMC6341084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in zebrafish emerge from the aortic hemogenic endothelium (HE) and migrate towards the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), where they expand and differentiate during definitive hematopoiesis. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (Plcγ1) has been implicated for hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro and is also required to drive arterial and HSPC formation. Genetic mutation in plcg1-/- (y10 allele) completely disrupts the aortic blood flow, specification of arterial fate, and HSPC formation in zebrafish embryos. We previously demonstrated that ginger treatment promoted definitive hematopoiesis via Bmp signaling. In this paper, we focus on HSPC development in plcg1-/- mutants and show that ginger/10-gingerol (10-G) can rescue the expression of arterial and HSPC markers in the HE and CHT in plcg1-/- mutant embryos. We demonstrate that ginger can induce scl/runx1 expression, and that rescued HE fate is dependent on Bmp and Notch. Bmp and Notch are known to regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and NO can induce hematopoietic stem cell fate. We show that ginger produces a robust up-regulation of NO. Taken together, we suggest in this paper that Bmp, Notch and NO are potential players that mediate the effect of ginger/10-G for rescuing the genetic defects in blood vessel specification and HSPC formation in plcg1-/- mutants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HSPC development in vivo is critical for understanding HSPC expansion, which will have a positive impact in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine F Ferri-Lagneau
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Jamil Haider
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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13
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Zebrafish miR-462-731 regulates hematopoietic specification and pu.1-dependent primitive myelopoiesis. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1531-1544. [PMID: 30459392 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in both embryonic hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy. Zebrafish miR-462-731 cluster is orthologous of miR-191-425 in human which regulates proliferation and tumorigenesis. In our previous work, miR-462-731 was found highly and ubiquitously expressed during early embryogenesis. In this study, by loss-of-function analysis (morpholino knockdown combined with CRISRP/Cas9 knockout) and mRNA profiling, we suggest that miR-462-731 is required for normal embryonic development by regulating cell survival. We found that loss of miR-462/miR-731 caused a remarkable decrease in the number of erythroid cells as well as an ectopic myeloid cell expansion at 48 hpf, suggesting a skewing of myeloid-erythroid lineage differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-462-731 provides an instructive input for pu.1-dependent primitive myelopoiesis through regulating etsrp/scl signaling combined with a novel pu.1/miR-462-731 feedback loop. On the other hand, morpholino (MO) knockdown of miR-462/miR-731 resulted in an expansion of posterior blood islands at 24 hpf, which is a mild ventralization phenotype resulted from elevation of BMP signaling. Rescue experiments with both BMP type I receptor inhibitor dorsomorphin and alk8 MO indicate that miR-462-731 acts upstream of alk8 within the BMP/Smad signaling pathway and functions as a novel endogenous BMP antagonist. Besides, an impairment of angiogenesis was observed in miR-462/miR-731 morphants. The specification of arteries and veins was also perturbed, as characterized by the irregular patterning of efnb2a and flt4 expression. Our study unveils a previously unrecognized role of miR-462-731 in BMP/Smad signaling mediated hematopoietic specification of mesodermal progenitors and demonstrates a miR-462-731 mediated regulatory mechanism driving primitive myelopoiesis in the ALPM. We also show a requirement for miR-462-731 in regulating arterial-venous specification and definitive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) production. The current findings might provide further insights into the molecular mechanistic basis of miRNA regulation of embryonic hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy.
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14
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Wang X, Li J, Yang Z, Wang L, Li L, Deng W, Zhou J, Wang L, Xu C, Chen Q, Wang QK. phlda3 overexpression impairs specification of hemangioblasts and vascular development. FEBS J 2018; 285:4071-4081. [PMID: 30188605 PMCID: PMC6218282 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The phlda3 gene encodes a small, 127-amino acid protein with only a PH domain, and is involved in tumor suppression, proliferation of islet β-cells, insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, and liver injury. However, the role of phlda3 in vascular development is unknown. Here, we show that phlda3 overexpression decreases the expression levels of hemangioblast markers scl, fli1, and etsrp and intersegmental vessel (ISV) markers flk1 and cdh5, and disrupts ISV development in tg(flk1:GFP) and tg(fli1:GFP) zebrafish. Moreover, phlda3 overexpression inhibits the activation of protein kinase B (AKT) in zebrafish embryos, and the developmental defects of ISVs by phlda3 overexpression were reversed by the expression of a constitutively active form of AKT. These data suggest that phlda3 is a negative regulator of hemangioblast specification and ISV development via AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhongcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Choi HJ, Rho SS, Choi DH, Kwon YG. LDB2 regulates the expression of DLL4 through the formation of oligomeric complexes in endothelial cells. BMB Rep 2018; 51:21-26. [PMID: 28946938 PMCID: PMC5796630 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.1.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) expression in endothelial cells is intimately associated with angiogenic sprouting and vascular remodeling, but the precise mechanism of transcriptional regulation of DLL4 remains incompletely understood. Here, we showed that LIM-domain binding protein 2 (LDB2) plays an important role in regulating basal DLL4 and VEGF-induced DLL4 expression. Knockdown of LDB2 using siRNA enhanced endothelial sprouting and tubular network formation in vitro. Injection of ldb2-morpholino resulted in defective development of intersegmental vessels in zebrafish. Reduction or overexpression of LDB2 in endothelial cells decreased or increased DLL4 expression. LDB2 regulated DLL4 promoter activity by binding to its promoter region and the same promoter region was occupied and regulated by the LMO2/TAL1/GATA2 complex. Interestingly, LDB2 also mediated VEGF-induced DLL4 expression in endothelial cells. The regulation of DLL4 by the LDB2 complex provides a novel mechanism of DLL4 transcriptional control that may be exploited to develop therapeutics for aberrant vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Choi
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral & Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Rho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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16
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Gore AV, Pillay LM, Venero Galanternik M, Weinstein BM. The zebrafish: A fintastic model for hematopoietic development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e312. [PMID: 29436122 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process with a variety of different signaling pathways influencing every step of blood cell formation from the earliest precursors to final differentiated blood cell types. Formation of blood cells is crucial for survival. Blood cells carry oxygen, promote organ development and protect organs in different pathological conditions. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for generating all adult differentiated blood cells. Defects in HSPCs or their downstream lineages can lead to anemia and other hematological disorders including leukemia. The zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system to study hematopoiesis. The developmental processes and molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish hematopoiesis are conserved with higher vertebrates, and the genetic and experimental accessibility of the fish and the optical transparency of its embryos and larvae make it ideal for in vivo analysis of hematopoietic development. Defects in zebrafish hematopoiesis reliably phenocopy human blood disorders, making it a highly attractive model system to screen small molecules to design therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the key developmental processes and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish hematopoiesis. We also discuss recent findings highlighting the strengths of zebrafish as a model system for drug discovery against hematopoietic disorders. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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17
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Stanulovic VS, Cauchy P, Assi SA, Hoogenkamp M. LMO2 is required for TAL1 DNA binding activity and initiation of definitive haematopoiesis at the haemangioblast stage. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:9874-9888. [PMID: 28973433 PMCID: PMC5622341 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LMO2 is a bridging factor within a DNA binding complex and is required for definitive haematopoiesis to occur. The developmental stage of the block in haematopoietic specification is not known. We show that Lmo2−/− mouse embryonic stem cells differentiated to Flk-1+ haemangioblasts, but less efficiently to haemogenic endothelium, which only produced primitive haematopoietic progenitors. Genome-wide approaches indicated that LMO2 is required at the haemangioblast stage to position the TAL1/LMO2/LDB1 complex to regulatory elements that are important for the establishment of the haematopoietic developmental program. In the absence of LMO2, the target site recognition of TAL1 is impaired. The lack of LMO2 resulted in altered gene expression levels already at the haemangioblast stage, with transcription factor genes accounting for ∼15% of affected genes. Comparison of Lmo2−/− with Tal1−/− Flk-1+ cells further showed that TAL1 was required to initiate or sustain Lmo2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna S Stanulovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maarten Hoogenkamp
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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18
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Lee B, Lee M, Song S, Loi LD, Lam DT, Yoon J, Baek K, Curtis DJ, Jeong Y. Specification of neurotransmitter identity by Tal1 in thalamic nuclei. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:749-758. [PMID: 28685891 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurons contributing to thalamic nuclei are derived from at least two distinct progenitor domains: the caudal (cTH) and rostral (rTH) populations of thalamic progenitors. These neural compartments exhibit unique neurogenic patterns, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of neurotransmitter identity remain largely unclear. RESULTS T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (Tal1) was expressed in the early postmitotic cells in the rTH domain, and its expression was maintained in mature thalamic neurons in the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus (vLG) and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). To investigate a role of Tal1 in thalamic development, we used a newly generated mouse line driving Cre-mediated recombination in the rTH domain. Conditional deletion of Tal1 did not alter regional patterning in the developing diencephalon. However, in the absence of Tal1, rTH-derived thalamic neurons failed to maintain their postmitotic neuronal features, including neurotransmitter profile. Tal1-deficient thalamic neurons lost their GABAergic markers such as Gad1, Npy, and Penk in IGL/vLG. These defects may be associated at least in part with down-regulation of Nkx2.2, which is known as a critical regulator of rTH-derived GABAergic neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Tal1 plays an essential role in regulating neurotransmitter phenotype in the developing thalamic nuclei. Developmental Dynamics 246:749-758, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumwhee Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsin Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Somang Song
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Linh Duc Loi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Tri Lam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghee Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yongsu Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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19
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SCL/TAL1: a multifaceted regulator from blood development to disease. Blood 2017; 129:2051-2060. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-754051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
SCL/TAL1 (stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [T-ALL] 1) is an essential transcription factor in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. It is required for specification of the blood program during development, adult hematopoietic stem cell survival and quiescence, and terminal maturation of select blood lineages. Following ectopic expression, SCL contributes to oncogenesis in T-ALL. Remarkably, SCL’s activities are all mediated through nucleation of a core quaternary protein complex (SCL:E-protein:LMO1/2 [LIM domain only 1 or 2]:LDB1 [LIM domain-binding protein 1]) and dynamic recruitment of conserved combinatorial associations of additional regulators in a lineage- and stage-specific context. The finely tuned control of SCL’s regulatory functions (lineage priming, activation, and repression of gene expression programs) provides insight into fundamental developmental and transcriptional mechanisms, and highlights mechanistic parallels between normal and oncogenic processes. Importantly, recent discoveries are paving the way to the development of innovative therapeutic opportunities in SCL+ T-ALL.
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20
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Garcia-Alegria E, Menegatti S, Batta K, Cuvertino S, Florkowska M, Kouskoff V. Emerging concepts for the in vitro derivation of murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4116-4125. [PMID: 27404333 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Well into the second decade of the 21st century, the field of regenerative medicine is bursting with hopes and promises to heal young and old. The bespoken generation of cells is thought to offer unprecedented cures for a vast range of diseases. Haematological disorders have already benefited tremendously from stem cell therapy in the form of bone marrow transplantation. However, lack of compatible donors often means that patients remain on transplantation waiting lists for too long. The in vitro derivation of haematopoietic stem cells offers the possibility to generate tailor-made cells for the treatment of these patients. Promising approaches to generate in vitro-derived blood progenitors include the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and the reprogramming of somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Garcia-Alegria
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Menegatti
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kiran Batta
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Magdalena Florkowska
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
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21
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Meng S, Matrone G, Lv J, Chen K, Wong WT, Cooke JP. LIM Domain Only 2 Regulates Endothelial Proliferation, Angiogenesis, and Tissue Regeneration. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.004117. [PMID: 27792641 PMCID: PMC5121509 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background LIM domain only 2 (LMO2, human gene) is a key transcription factor that regulates hematopoiesis and vascular development. However, its role in adult endothelial function has been incompletely characterized. Methods and Results In vitro loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies on LMO2 were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells with lentiviral overexpression or short hairpin RNA knockdown (KD) of LMO2, respectively. LMO2 KD significantly impaired endothelial proliferation. LMO2 controls endothelial G1/S transition through transcriptional regulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 and 4 as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, and also influences the expression of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin A1. LMO2 KD also impaired angiogenesis by reducing transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) expression, whereas supplementation of exogenous TGF‐β restored defective network formation in LMO2 KD human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In a zebrafish model of caudal fin regeneration, RT‐PCR revealed that the lmo2 (zebrafish gene) gene was upregulated at day 5 postresection. The KD of lmo2 by vivo‐morpholino injections in adult Tg(fli1:egfp)y1 zebrafish reduced 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation in endothelial cells, impaired neoangiogenesis in the resected caudal fin, and substantially delayed fin regeneration. Conclusions The transcriptional factor LMO2 regulates endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, LMO2 is required for angiogenesis and tissue healing in vivo. Thus, LMO2 is a critical determinant of vascular and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Meng
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Gianfranco Matrone
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Jie Lv
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
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22
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Ciau-Uitz A, Patient R. The embryonic origins and genetic programming of emerging haematopoietic stem cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4002-4015. [PMID: 27531714 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from the haemogenic endothelium (HE) localised in the ventral wall of the embryonic dorsal aorta (DA). The HE generates HSCs through a process known as the endothelial to haematopoietic transition (EHT), which has been visualised in live embryos and is currently under intense study. However, EHT is the culmination of multiple programming events, which are as yet poorly understood, that take place before the specification of HE. A number of haematopoietic precursor cells have been described before the emergence of definitive HSCs, but only one haematovascular progenitor, the definitive haemangioblast (DH), gives rise to the DA, HE and HSCs. DHs emerge in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) and have a distinct origin and genetic programme compared to other, previously described haematovascular progenitors. Although DHs have so far only been established in Xenopus embryos, evidence for their existence in the LPM of mouse and chicken embryos is discussed here. We also review the current knowledge of the origins, lineage relationships, genetic programming and differentiation of the DHs that leads to the generation of HSCs. Importantly, we discuss the significance of the gene regulatory network (GRN) that controls the programming of DHs, a better understanding of which may aid in the establishment of protocols for the de novo generation of HSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ciau-Uitz
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
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23
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Thambyrajah R, Patel R, Mazan M, Lie-a-Ling M, Lilly A, Eliades A, Menegatti S, Garcia-Alegria E, Florkowska M, Batta K, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. New insights into the regulation by RUNX1 and GFI1(s) proteins of the endothelial to hematopoietic transition generating primordial hematopoietic cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2108-2114. [PMID: 27399214 PMCID: PMC4993433 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1203491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The first hematopoietic cells are generated very early in ontogeny to support the growth of the embryo and to provide the foundation to the adult hematopoietic system. There is a considerable therapeutic interest in understanding how these first blood cells are generated in order to try to reproduce this process in vitro. This would allow generating blood products, or hematopoietic cell populations from embryonic stem (ES) cells, induced pluripotent stem cells or through directed reprogramming. Recent studies have clearly established that the first hematopoietic cells originate from a hemogenic endothelium (HE) through an endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). The molecular mechanisms underlining this transition remain largely unknown with the exception that the transcription factor RUNX1 is critical for this process. In this Extra Views report, we discuss our recent studies demonstrating that the transcriptional repressors GFI1 and GFI1B have a critical role in the EHT. We established that these RUNX1 transcriptional targets are actively implicated in the downregulation of the endothelial program and the loss of endothelial identity during the formation of the first blood cells. In addition, our results suggest that GFI1 expression provides an ideal novel marker to identify, isolate and study the HE cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Milena Mazan
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Lie-a-Ling
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Lilly
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexia Eliades
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Menegatti
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Eva Garcia-Alegria
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kiran Batta
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
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24
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Cui B, Ren L, Xu QH, Yin LY, Zhou XY, Liu JX. Silver_ nanoparticles inhibited erythrogenesis during zebrafish embryogenesis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:295-305. [PMID: 27340786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver_ nanoparticles (AgNPs), for their attractive antimicrobial properties, have become one of the most commercial nanomaterials used recently. AgNPs are reported to be toxic to blood cells of aquatic organisms and humans, however, few studies related to toxic effects of AgNPs in hematopoiesis using an in vivo model were available. Firstly, microarrays were applied to reveal transcriptional responses of zebrafish embryos to AgNPs at 24h post-fertilization (hpf)in this study, and hemoglobin genes were found to be down-regulated by AgNPs and to be enriched in the top 10 categories by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. The reduced expressions of hemoglobin were further demonstrated by qRT-PCR detection, whole-mount in situ hybridization, and O-dianisidine staining at transcriptional and translational level. Next, the commitment of mesoderm, specification of hematopoietic progenitor cells and differentiation of erythroids were detected at different developmental stages in AgNPs-exposed embryos, and erythrogenesis were found to be inhibited by AgNPs in developmental-stage-specific and cell-specific manners. Finally, it was pointed out that AgNPs affected erythrogenesis mostly by their particles other than their releasing ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cui
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Long Ren
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qin-Han Xu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Li-Yan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, HaiKou, 570228, China.
| | - Xin-Ying Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan, Changde, 415000, China.
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25
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Gritz E, Hirschi KK. Specification and function of hemogenic endothelium during embryogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1547-67. [PMID: 26849156 PMCID: PMC4805691 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelium is a specialized subset of developing vascular endothelium that acquires hematopoietic potential and can give rise to multilineage hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during a narrow developmental window in tissues such as the extraembryonic yolk sac and embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros. Herein, we review current knowledge about the historical and developmental origins of hemogenic endothelium, the molecular events that govern hemogenic specification of vascular endothelial cells, the generation of multilineage hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from hemogenic endothelium, and the potential for translational applications of knowledge gained from further study of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gritz
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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26
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Wan Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Song B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Jia Q, Cheng T, Zhu X, Leung AYH, Yuan W, Jia H, Fang X. Transcriptome analysis reveals a ribosome constituents disorder involved in the RPL5 downregulated zebrafish model of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:13. [PMID: 26961822 PMCID: PMC4785739 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) was the first ribosomopathy associated with mutations in ribosome protein (RP) genes. The clinical phenotypes of DBA include failure of erythropoiesis, congenital anomalies and cancer predisposition. Mutations in RPL5 are reported in approximately 9 ~ 21 % of DBA patients, which represents the most common pathological condition related to a large-subunit ribosomal protein. However, it remains unclear how RPL5 downregulation results in severe phenotypes of this disease. RESULTS In this study, we generated a zebrafish model of DBA with RPL5 morphants and implemented high-throughput RNA-seq and ncRNA-seq to identify key genes, lncRNAs, and miRNAs during zebrafish development and hematopoiesis. We demonstrated that RPL5 is required for both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis processes. By comparing with other DBA zebrafish models and processing functional coupling network, we identified some common regulated genes, lncRNAs and miRNAs, that might play important roles in development and hematopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS Ribosome biogenesis and translation process were affected more in RPL5 MO than in other RP MOs. Both P53 dependent (for example, cell cycle pathway) and independent pathways (such as Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway) play important roles in DBA pathology. Our results therefore provide a comprehensive basis for the study of molecular pathogenesis of RPL5-mediated DBA and other ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- />CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- />CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Binfeng Song
- />Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Qiong Jia
- />Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Tao Cheng
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | | | - Weiping Yuan
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Haibo Jia
- />Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- />CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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27
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Sweeney CL, Teng R, Wang H, Merling RK, Lee J, Choi U, Koontz S, Wright DG, Malech HL. Molecular Analysis of Neutrophil Differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Delineates the Kinetics of Key Regulators of Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1513-26. [PMID: 26866427 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro generation of mature neutrophils from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires hematopoietic progenitor development followed by myeloid differentiation. The purpose of our studies was to extensively characterize this process, focusing on the critical window of development between hemogenic endothelium, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and myeloid commitment, to identify associated regulators and markers that might enable the stem cell field to improve the efficiency and efficacy of iPSC hematopoiesis. We utilized a four-stage differentiation protocol involving: embryoid body (EB) formation (stage-1); EB culture with hematopoietic cytokines (stage-2); HSPC expansion (stage-3); and neutrophil maturation (stage-4). CD34(+) CD45(-) putative hemogenic endothelial cells were observed in stage-3 cultures, and expressed VEGFR-2/Flk-1/KDR and VE-cadherin endothelial markers, GATA-2, AML1/RUNX1, and SCL/TAL1 transcription factors, and endothelial/HSPC-associated microRNAs miR-24, miR-125a-3p, miR-126/126*, and miR-155. Upon further culture, CD34(+) CD45(-) cells generated CD34(+) CD45(+) HSPCs that produced hematopoietic CFUs. Mid-stage-3 CD34(+) CD45(+) HSPCs exhibited increased expression of GATA-2, AML1/RUNX1, SCL/TAL1, C/EBPα, and PU.1 transcription factors, but exhibited decreased expression of HSPC-associated microRNAs, and failed to engraft in immune-deficient mice. Mid-stage-3 CD34(-) CD45(+) cells maintained PU.1 expression and exhibited increased expression of hematopoiesis-associated miR-142-3p/5p and a trend towards increased miR-223 expression, indicating myeloid commitment. By late Stage-4, increased CD15, CD16b, and C/EBPɛ expression were observed, with 25%-65% of cells exhibiting morphology and functions of mature neutrophils. These studies demonstrate that hematopoiesis and neutrophil differentiation from human iPSCs recapitulates many features of embryonic hematopoiesis and neutrophil production in marrow, but reveals unexpected molecular signatures that may serve as a guide for enhancing iPSC hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2016;34:1513-1526.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Sweeney
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruifeng Teng
- The Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Randall K Merling
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Janet Lee
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Uimook Choi
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sherry Koontz
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel G Wright
- The Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Understanding how the blood system is formed is an ongoing fundamental research challenge. Developmental biology has provided many insights into the molecules and processes that affect the formation of the blood tissues, both in health and disease. It is of particular interest for clinical transplantation therapies to understand how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)-the self-renewing purveyors of the adult blood system that produce over 10 different functionally specialized cell lineages and over 10(11) cells daily-are generated during embryonic stages. Recent successes to reprogram the fate of adult differentiated cells to pluripotency and to other cell lineages now highlight the importance of identifying the cells and molecules that affect the in vivo developmental initiation of rare and robust transplantable HSCs. The close association of the developing hematopoietic and vascular system, hematopoietic cell mobility through the circulation, and the essential role of the embryonic hematopoietic system in adult hematopoietic cell development make this a formidable study. This chapter reviews the advances, controversies, and current state of our knowledge of the growing field of hematopoietic development, with a special focus on the regulation of the natural transdifferentiation of endothelial cells to HSCs within the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dzierzak
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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29
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Bai H, Liu Y, Xie Y, Hoyle DL, Brodsky RA, Cheng L, Cheng T, Wang ZZ. Definitive Hematopoietic Multipotent Progenitor Cells Are Transiently Generated From Hemogenic Endothelial Cells in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1065-76. [PMID: 26395760 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Generation of fully functional hematopoietic multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has a great therapeutic potential to provide an unlimited cell source for treatment of hematological disorders. We previously demonstrated that CD34(+) CD31(+) CD144(+) population derived from hPSCs contain hemato-endothelial progenitors (HEPs) that give rise to hematopoietic and endothelial cells. Here, we report a differentiation system to generate definitive hematopoietic MPP cells from HEPs via endothelial monolayer. In the presence of angiogenic factors, HEPs formed an endothelial monolayer, from which hematopoietic clusters emerged through the process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). EHT was significantly enhanced by hematopoietic growth factors. The definitive MPP cells generated from endothelial monolayer were capable of forming multilineage hematopoietic colonies, giving rise to T lymphoid cells, and differentiating into enucleated erythrocytes. Emergence of hematopoietic cells from endothelial monolayer occurred transiently. Hematopoietic potential was lost during prolonged culture of HEPs in endothelial growth conditions. Our study demonstrated that CD34(+) CD31(+) CD144(+) HEPs gave rise to hematopoietic MPP cells via hemogenic endothelial cells that exist transiently. The established differentiation system provides a platform for future investigation of regulatory factors involved in de novo generation of hematopoietic MPP cells and their applications in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yinliang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Dixie L Hoyle
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Brodsky
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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30
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Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Human Myeloid Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:641475. [PMID: 26064935 PMCID: PMC4433643 DOI: 10.1155/2015/641475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies are heterogeneous disorders characterized by uncontrolled proliferation or/and blockage of differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although a substantial number of gene alterations have been identified, the mechanism by which these abnormalities interact has yet to be elucidated. Over the past decades, zebrafish have become an important model organism, especially in biomedical research. Several zebrafish models have been developed to recapitulate the characteristics of specific myeloid malignancies that provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases and allow the evaluation of novel small molecule drugs. This report will focus on illustrative examples of applications of zebrafish models, including transgenesis, zebrafish xenograft models, and cell transplantation approaches, to the study of human myeloid malignancies.
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31
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Craig MP, Grajevskaja V, Liao HK, Balciuniene J, Ekker SC, Park JS, Essner JJ, Balciunas D, Sumanas S. Etv2 and fli1b function together as key regulators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:865-76. [PMID: 25722433 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The E26 transformation-specific domain transcription factor Etv2/Etsrp/ER71 is a master regulator of vascular endothelial differentiation during vasculogenesis, although its later role in sprouting angiogenesis remains unknown. Here, we investigated in the zebrafish model a role for Etv2 and related E26 transformation-specific factors, Fli1a and Fli1b in developmental angiogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Zebrafish fli1a and fli1b mutants were obtained using transposon-mediated gene trap approach. Individual fli1a and fli1b homozygous mutant embryos display normal vascular patterning, yet the angiogenic recovery observed in older etv2 mutant embryos does not occur in embryos lacking both etv2 and fli1b. Etv2 and fli1b double-deficient embryos fail to form any angiogenic sprouts and show greatly increased apoptosis throughout the axial vasculature. In contrast, fli1a mutation did not affect the recovery of etv2 mutant phenotype. Overexpression analyses indicate that both etv2 and fli1b, but not fli1a, induce the expression of multiple vascular markers and of each other. Temporal inhibition of Etv2 function using photoactivatable morpholinos indicates that the function of Etv2 and Fli1b during angiogenesis is independent from the early requirement of Etv2 during vasculogenesis. RNA-Seq analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation suggest that Etv2 and Fli1b share the same transcriptional targets and bind to the same E26 transformation-specific sites. CONCLUSIONS Our data argue that there are 2 phases of early vascular development with distinct requirements of E26 transformation-specific transcription factors. Etv2 alone is required for early vasculogenesis, whereas Etv2 and Fli1b function redundantly during late vasculogenesis and early embryonic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Craig
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Viktorija Grajevskaja
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Hsin-Kai Liao
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Jorune Balciuniene
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Darius Balciunas
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.).
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Schlesinger M, Bendas G. Contribution of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) integrin to cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:575-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Guiu J, Bergen DJM, De Pater E, Islam ABMMK, Ayllón V, Gama-Norton L, Ruiz-Herguido C, González J, López-Bigas N, Menendez P, Dzierzak E, Espinosa L, Bigas A. Identification of Cdca7 as a novel Notch transcriptional target involved in hematopoietic stem cell emergence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2411-23. [PMID: 25385755 PMCID: PMC4235648 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guiu et al. use ChIP-on-chip analysis for the Notch partner RBPj, using embryonic tissue from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region to identify potential novel Notch target genes involved in HSC emergence. They show that c-MYC–responsive gene Cdca7 is expressed in different HSC and progenitor subpopulations and that CDCA7 is important for maintaining the undifferentiated phenotype. Cdca7 acts downstream of Notch in HSCs in zebrafish, mouse, and human, indicating a highly conserved Notch/RBPj/Cdca7 axis in hematopoietic development. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) specification occurs in the embryonic aorta and requires Notch activation; however, most of the Notch-regulated elements controlling de novo HSC generation are still unknown. Here, we identify putative direct Notch targets in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) embryonic tissue by chromatin precipitation using antibodies against the Notch partner RBPj. By ChIP-on-chip analysis of the precipitated DNA, we identified 701 promoter regions that were candidates to be regulated by Notch in the AGM. One of the most enriched regions corresponded to the Cdca7 gene, which was subsequently confirmed to recruit the RBPj factor but also Notch1 in AGM cells. We found that during embryonic hematopoietic development, expression of Cdca7 is restricted to the hematopoietic clusters of the aorta, and it is strongly up-regulated in the hemogenic population during human embryonic stem cell hematopoietic differentiation in a Notch-dependent manner. Down-regulation of Cdca7 mRNA in cultured AGM cells significantly induces hematopoietic differentiation and loss of the progenitor population. Finally, using loss-of-function experiments in zebrafish, we demonstrate that CDCA7 contributes to HSC emergence in vivo during embryonic development. Thus, our study identifies Cdca7 as an evolutionary conserved Notch target involved in HSC emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Guiu
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dylan J M Bergen
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma De Pater
- Erasmus MC Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Verónica Ayllón
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (Genyo), Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Leonor Gama-Norton
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Herguido
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica González
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria López-Bigas
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- José Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Cell Therapy Program, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Erasmus MC Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Sherif HM. Heterogeneity in the Segmental Development of the Aortic Tree: Impact on Management of Genetically Triggered Aortic Aneurysms. AORTA (STAMFORD, CONN.) 2014; 2:186-95. [PMID: 26798739 PMCID: PMC4686358 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2014.14-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An extensive search of the medical literature examining the development of the thoracic aortic tree reveals that the thoracic aorta does not develop as one unit or in one stage: the oldest part of the thoracic aorta is the descending aorta with the aortic arch being the second oldest, developing under influence from the neural crest cell. Following in chronological order are the proximal ascending aorta and aortic root, which develop from a conotruncal origin. Different areas of the thoracic aorta develop under the influence of different gene sets. These parts develop from different cell lineages: the aortic root (the conotruncus), developing from the mesoderm; the ascending aorta and aortic arch, developing from the neural crest cells; and the descending aorta from the mesoderm. Findings illustrate that the thoracic aorta is not a single entity, in developmental terms. It develops from three or four distinct areas, at different stages of embryonic life, and under different sets of genes and signaling pathways. Genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysms are not a monolithic group but rather share a multi-genetic origin. Identification of therapeutic targets should be based on the predilection of certain genes to cause aneurysmal disease in specific aortic segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham M.F. Sherif
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Christiana Hospital, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Han JK, Chang SH, Cho HJ, Choi SB, Ahn HS, Lee J, Jeong H, Youn SW, Lee HJ, Kwon YW, Cho HJ, Oh BH, Oettgen P, Park YB, Kim HS. Direct Conversion of Adult Skin Fibroblasts to Endothelial Cells by Defined Factors. Circulation 2014; 130:1168-78. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Cell-based therapies to augment endothelial cells (ECs) hold great therapeutic promise. Here, we report a novel approach to generate functional ECs directly from adult fibroblasts.
Methods and Results—
Eleven candidate genes that are key regulators of endothelial development were selected. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)–negative skin fibroblasts were prepared from Tie2-GFP mice and infected with lentiviruses allowing simultaneous overexpression of all 11 factors. Tie2-GFP
+
cells (0.9%), representing Tie2 gene activation, were detected by flow cytometry. Serial stepwise screening revealed 5 key factors (Foxo1, Er71, Klf2, Tal1, and Lmo2) that were required for efficient reprogramming of skin fibroblasts into Tie2-GFP
+
cells (4%). This reprogramming strategy did not involve pluripotency induction because neither Oct4 nor Nanog was expressed after 5 key factor transduction. Tie2-GFP
+
cells were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and designated as induced ECs (iECs). iECs exhibited endothelium-like cobblestone morphology and expressed EC molecular markers. iECs possessed endothelial functions such as
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
-1 lectin binding, acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, capillary formation on Matrigel, and nitric oxide production. The epigenetic profile of iECs was similar to that of authentic ECs because the promoters of VE-cadherin and Tie2 genes were demethylated. mRNA profiling showed clustering of iECs with authentic ECs and highly enriched endothelial genes in iECs. In a murine model of hind-limb ischemia, iEC implantation increased capillary density and enhanced limb perfusion, demonstrating the in vivo viability and functionality of iECs.
Conclusions—
We demonstrated the first direct conversion of adult fibroblasts to functional ECs. These results suggest a novel therapeutic modality for cell therapy in ischemic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kyu Han
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Sung-Hwan Chang
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Saet-Byeol Choi
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jaewon Lee
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Heewon Jeong
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Seock-Won Youn
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Byung-Hee Oh
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Peter Oettgen
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Young-Bae Park
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
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Schupp MO, Waas M, Chun CZ, Ramchandran R. Transcriptional inhibition of etv2 expression is essential for embryonic cardiac development. Dev Biol 2014; 393:71-83. [PMID: 24984259 PMCID: PMC4137469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
E-twenty six variant 2 (Etv2) transcription factor participates in cardiac, vascular-endothelial and blood cell lineage specification decisions during embryonic development. Previous studies have identified genomic elements in the etv2 locus responsible for vascular endothelial cell specification. Using transgenic analysis in zebrafish, we report here an etv2 proximal promoter fragment that prevents transgene misexpression in myocardial progenitor cells. This inhibition of etv2 expression in the cardiac progenitor population is partly mediated by Scl and Nkx2.5, likely through direct binding to the etv2 promoter, and cis-regulatory elements located in the first and second introns. The results identify an etv2 cis-regulatory mechanism controlling cardiovascular fate choice implying that etv2 participates in a transcriptional network mediating developmental plasticity of endothelial progenitor cells during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus-Oliver Schupp
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Room CG-98, 1600 Archer Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chang-Zoon Chun
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Room CG-98, 1600 Archer Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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37
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Mommaerts H, Esguerra CV, Hartmann U, Luyten FP, Tylzanowski P. Smoc2 modulates embryonic myelopoiesis during zebrafish development. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1375-90. [PMID: 25044883 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMOC2 is a member of the BM-40 (SPARC) family of matricellular proteins, reported to influence signaling in the extracellular compartment. In mice, Smoc2 is expressed in many different tissues and was shown to enhance the response to angiogenic growth factors, mediate cell adhesion, keratinocyte migration, and metastasis. Additionally, SMOC2 is associated with vitiligo and craniofacial and dental defects. The function of Smoc2 during early zebrafish development has not been determined to date. RESULTS In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, smoc2 is expressed ubiquitously. As development progresses, the expression pattern becomes more anteriorly restricted. At the onset of blood cell circulation, smoc2 morphants presented a mild ventralization of posterior structures. Molecular analysis of the smoc2 morphants indicated myelopoietic defects in the rostral blood islands during segmentation stages. Hemangioblast development and further specification of the myeloid progenitor cells were shown to be impaired. Additional experiments indicated that Bmp target genes were down-regulated in smoc2 morphants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that Smoc2 is an essential player in the development of myeloid cells of the anterior lateral plate mesoderm during embryonic zebrafish development. Furthermore, our data show that Smoc2 affects the transcription of Bmp target genes without affecting initial dorsoventral patterning or mesoderm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Mommaerts
- Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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38
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Pimtong W, Datta M, Ulrich AM, Rhodes J. Drl.3 governs primitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5791. [PMID: 25051985 PMCID: PMC4107348 DOI: 10.1038/srep05791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular program controlling hematopoietic differentiation is not fully understood. Here, we describe a family of zebrafish genes that includes a novel hematopoietic regulator, draculin-like 3 (drl.3). We found that drl.3 is expressed in mesoderm-derived hematopoietic cells and is retained during erythroid maturation. Moreover, drl.3 expression correlated with erythroid development in gata1a- and spi1b-depleted embryos. Loss-of-function analysis indicated that drl.3 plays an essential role in primitive erythropoiesis and, to a lesser extent, myelopoiesis that is independent of effects on vasculature, emergence of primitive and definitive progenitor cells and cell viability. While drl.3 depletion reduced gata1a expression and inhibited erythroid development, enforced expression of gata1a was not sufficient to rescue erythropoiesis, indicating that the regulation of hematopoiesis by drl.3 extends beyond control of gata1a expression. Knockdown of drl.3 increased the proportion of less differentiated, primitive hematopoietic cells without affecting proliferation, establishing drl.3 as an important regulator of primitive hematopoietic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wittaya Pimtong
- 1] Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA [2]
| | - Madhusmita Datta
- 1] Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA [2]
| | - Allison M Ulrich
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Jennifer Rhodes
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
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Glenn NO, Schumacher JA, Kim HJ, Zhao EJ, Skerniskyte J, Sumanas S. Distinct regulation of the anterior and posterior myeloperoxidase expression by Etv2 and Gata1 during primitive Granulopoiesis in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2014; 393:149-159. [PMID: 24956419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophilic granulocytes are the most abundant type of myeloid cells and form an essential part of the innate immune system. In vertebrates the first neutrophils are thought to originate during primitive hematopoiesis, which precedes hematopoietic stem cell formation. In zebrafish embryos, it has been suggested that primitive neutrophils may originate in two distinct sites, the anterior (ALPM) and posterior lateral plate mesoderm (PLPM). An ETS-family transcription factor Etsrp/Etv2/ER71 has been implicated in vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis in multiple vertebrates. However, its role during neutrophil development is not well understood. Here we demonstrate using zebrafish embryos that Etv2 has a specific cell-autonomous function during primitive neutropoiesis in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALPM) but has little effect on erythropoiesis or the posterior lateral plate mesoderm (PLPM) expression of neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase mpo/mpx. Our results argue that ALPM-derived neutrophils originate from etv2-expressing cells which downregulate etv2 during neutropoiesis. We further show that Scl functions downstream of Etv2 in anterior neutropoiesis. Additionally, we demonstrate that mpx expression within the PLPM overlaps with gata1 expression, potentially marking the cells with a dual myelo-erythroid potential. Intriguingly, initiation of mpx expression in the PLPM is dependent on gata1 but not etv2 function. Our results demonstrate that mpx expression is controlled differently in the ALPM and PLPM regions and describe novel roles for etv2 and gata1 during primitive neutropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O Glenn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schumacher
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hyon J Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emma J Zhao
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jurate Skerniskyte
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Developmental hematopoiesis: ontogeny, genetic programming and conservation. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:669-83. [PMID: 24950425 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood production throughout life and are of pivotal importance in regenerative medicine. Although HSC generation from pluripotent stem cells would resolve their shortage for clinical applications, this has not yet been achieved mainly because of the poor mechanistic understanding of their programming. Bone marrow HSCs are first created during embryogenesis in the dorsal aorta (DA) of the midgestation conceptus, from where they migrate to the fetal liver and, eventually, the bone marrow. It is currently accepted that HSCs emerge from specialized endothelium, the hemogenic endothelium, localized in the ventral wall of the DA through an evolutionarily conserved process called the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. However, the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition represents one of the last steps in HSC creation, and an understanding of earlier events in the specification of their progenitors is required if we are to create them from naïve pluripotent cells. Because of their ready availability and external development, zebrafish and Xenopus embryos have enormously facilitated our understanding of the early developmental processes leading to the programming of HSCs from nascent lateral plate mesoderm to hemogenic endothelium in the DA. The amenity of the Xenopus model to lineage tracing experiments has also contributed to the establishment of the distinct origins of embryonic (yolk sac) and adult (HSC) hematopoiesis, whereas the transparency of the zebrafish has allowed in vivo imaging of developing blood cells, particularly during and after the emergence of HSCs in the DA. Here, we discuss the key contributions of these model organisms to our understanding of developmental hematopoiesis.
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41
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Trichostatin A Enhances Vascular Repair by Injected Human Endothelial Progenitors through Increasing the Expression of TAL1-Dependent Genes. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:644-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Li L, Chen D, Li J, Wang X, Wang N, Xu C, Wang QK. Aggf1 acts at the top of the genetic regulatory hierarchy in specification of hemangioblasts in zebrafish. Blood 2014; 123:501-8. [PMID: 24277077 PMCID: PMC3901065 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-514612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemangioblast is a multipotential progenitor, which is derived from the mesoderm and can further differentiate into hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. The molecular mechanism governing the specification of hemangioblasts is fundamental to regenerative medicine based on embryonic stem cells for the treatment of various hematologic and vascular diseases. Here we show that aggf1 acts at the top of the genetic regulatory hierarchy in the specification of hemangioblasts in zebrafish. Knockdown of aggf1 expression decreases expression of endothelial cell-specific markers (cdh5, admr) and disrupts primitive hematopoiesis as shown by a decreased number of erythroid cells and reduced expression of gata1 (marker for erythroid progenitors) and pu.1 (myeloid progenitors). Aggf1 knockdown also decreases expression of runx1 and c-myb, indicating that it is required for specification of hematopoietic stem cells (definitive hematopoiesis). Aggf1 knockdown led to dramatically reduced expression of hemangioblast markers fli1, etsrp, lmo2, and scl, and hematopoietic/endothelial defects in aggf1 morphants were rescued by messenger RNA for scl, fli-vp16, or etsrp. Taken together, these data indicate that aggf1 is involved in differentiation of both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages and that aggf1 acts upstream of scl, fli1, and etsrp in specification of hemangioblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
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Su Z, Si W, Li L, Zhou B, Li X, Xu Y, Xu C, Jia H, Wang QK. MiR-144 regulates hematopoiesis and vascular development by targeting meis1 during zebrafish development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:53-63. [PMID: 24448023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process by which peripheral blood lineages are developed. It is a process tightly regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including transcriptional factors and signaling molecules. However, the epigenetic regulation of hematopoiesis, for example, regulation via microRNAs (miRNAs), remains incompletely understood. Here we show that miR-144 regulates hematopoiesis and vascular development in zebrafish. Overexpression of miR-144 inhibited primitive hematopoiesis as demonstrated by a reduced number of circulating blood cells, reduced o-dianisidine staining of hemoglobin, and reduced expression of hbαe1, hbβe1, gata1 and pu.1. Overexpression of miR-144 also inhibited definitive hematopoiesis as shown by reduced expression of runx1 and c-myb. Mechanistically, miR-144 regulates hematopoiesis by repressing expression of meis1 involved in hematopoiesis. Both real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that overexpression of miR-144 repressed expression of meis1. Bioinformatic analysis predicts a target binding sequence for miR-144 at the 3'-UTR of meis1. Deletion of the miR-144 target sequence eliminated the repression of meis1 expression mediated by miR-144. The miR-144-mediated abnormal phenotypes were partially rescued by co-injection of meis1 mRNA and could be almost completely rescued by injection of both meis1 and gata1 mRNA. Finally, because meis1 is involved in vascular development, we tested the effect of miR-144 on vascular development. Overexpression of miR-144 resulted in abnormal vascular development of intersegmental vessels in transgenic zebrafish with Flk1p-EGFP, and the defect was rescued by co-injection of meis1 mRNA. These findings establish miR-144 as a novel miRNA that regulates hematopoiesis and vascular development by repressing expression of meis1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention of Hubei Province, Key Discipline of Pharmacy of Hubei Department of Education, Medical College, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenxia Si
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bisheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Wilkinson RN, van Eeden FJ. The Zebrafish as a Model of Vascular Development and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 124:93-122. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386930-2.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ciau-Uitz A, Wang L, Patient R, Liu F. ETS transcription factors in hematopoietic stem cell development. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 51:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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A Cdx4-Sall4 regulatory module controls the transition from mesoderm formation to embryonic hematopoiesis. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1:425-36. [PMID: 24286030 PMCID: PMC3841246 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of caudal/cdx genes alters hox gene expression and causes defects in posterior tissues and hematopoiesis. Yet, the defects in hox gene expression only partially explain these phenotypes. To gain deeper insight into Cdx4 function, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) combined with gene-expression profiling in zebrafish, and identified the transcription factor spalt-like 4 (sall4) as a Cdx4 target. ChIP-seq revealed that Sall4 bound to its own gene locus and the cdx4 locus. Expression profiling showed that Cdx4 and Sall4 coregulate genes that initiate hematopoiesis, such as hox, scl, and lmo2. Combined cdx4/sall4 gene knockdown impaired erythropoiesis, and overexpression of the Cdx4 and Sall4 target genes scl and lmo2 together rescued the erythroid program. These findings suggest that auto- and cross-regulation of Cdx4 and Sall4 establish a stable molecular circuit in the mesoderm that facilitates the activation of the blood-specific program as development proceeds. Cdx4 and Sall4 bind to each other’s genomic loci Cdx4 and Sall4 coregulate genes responsible for the mesoderm-to-blood transition Scl and Lmo2 overexpression rescues blood defects in cdx4/sall4 double morphants
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Zhen F, Lan Y, Yan B, Zhang W, Wen Z. Hemogenic endothelium specification and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance employ distinct Scl isoforms. Development 2013; 140:3977-85. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.097071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that nascent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derive directly from the ventral aortic endothelium (VAE) via endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). However, whether EHT initiates from a random or predetermined subpopulation of VAE, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying this process, remain unclear. We previously reported that different zebrafish stem cell leukemia (scl) isoforms are differentially required for HSC formation in the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta. However, the exact stage at which these isoforms impact HSC development was not defined. Here, using in vivo time-lapse imaging of scl isoform-specific reporter transgenic zebrafish lines, we show that prior to EHT scl-β is selectively expressed in hemogenic endothelial cells, a unique subset of VAE cells possessing hemogenic potential, whereas scl-α is expressed later in nascent HSCs as they egress from VAE cells. In accordance with their expression, loss-of-function studies coupled with in vivo imaging analysis reveal that scl-β acts earlier to specify hemogenic endothelium, which is later transformed by runx1 into HSCs. Our results also reveal a previously unexpected role of scl-α in maintaining newly born HSCs in the aorta-gonads-mesonephros. Thus, our data suggest that a defined hemogenic endothelial population preset by scl-β supports the deterministic emergence of HSCs, and unravel the cellular mechanisms by which scl isoforms regulate HSC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zilong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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Schumacher JA, Bloomekatz J, Garavito-Aguilar ZV, Yelon D. tal1 Regulates the formation of intercellular junctions and the maintenance of identity in the endocardium. Dev Biol 2013; 383:214-26. [PMID: 24075907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The endocardium forms the inner lining of the heart tube, where it enables blood flow and also interacts with the myocardium during the formation of valves and trabeculae. Although a number of studies have identified regulators in the morphogenesis of the myocardium, relatively little is known about the molecules that control endocardial morphogenesis. Prior work has implicated the bHLH transcription factor Tal1 in endocardial tube formation: in zebrafish embryos lacking Tal1, endocardial cells form a disorganized mass within the ventricle and do not populate the atrium. Through blastomere transplantation, we find that tal1 plays a cell-autonomous role in regulating endocardial extension, suggesting that Tal1 activity influences the behavior of individual endocardial cells. The defects in endocardial behavior in tal1-deficient embryos originate during the earliest steps of endocardial morphogenesis: tal1-deficient endocardial cells fail to generate a cohesive monolayer at the midline and instead pack tightly together into a multi-layered aggregate. Moreover, the tight junction protein ZO-1 is mislocalized in the tal1-deficient endocardium, indicating a defect in intercellular junction formation. In addition, we find that the tal1-deficient endocardium fails to maintain its identity; over time, a progressively increasing number of tal1-deficient endocardial cells initiate myocardial gene expression. However, the onset of defects in intercellular junction formation precedes the onset of ectopic myocardial gene expression in the tal1-deficient endocardium. We therefore propose a model in which Tal1 has distinct roles in regulating the formation of endocardial intercellular junctions and maintaining endocardial identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Schumacher
- Developmental Genetics Program and Department of Cell Biology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Regulation of MEIS1 by distal enhancer elements in acute leukemia. Leukemia 2013; 28:138-46. [PMID: 24022755 PMCID: PMC5774621 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the three-amino-acid-loop extension (TALE) homeobox gene MEIS1 shortens the latency and accelerates the onset and progression of acute leukemia, yet the molecular mechanism underlying persistent activation of the MEIS1 gene in leukemia remains poorly understood. Here we used a combined comparative genomics analysis and an in vivo transgenic zebrafish assay to identify 6 regulatory DNA elements that are able to direct GFP expression in a spatiotemporal manner during zebrafish embryonic hematopoiesis. Analysis of chromatin characteristics and regulatory signatures suggest that many of these predicted elements are potential enhancers in mammalian hematopoiesis. Strikingly, one of the enhancer elements (E9) is a frequent integration site in retroviral induced mouse acute leukemia. The genomic region corresponding to enhancer E9 is differentially marked by H3K4 mono-methylation and H3K27 acetylation, hallmarks of active enhancers, in multiple leukemia cell lines. Decreased enrichment of these histone marks is associated with downregulation of MEIS1 expression during hematopoietic differentiation. Furthermore, MEIS1/HOXA9 transactivate this enhancer via a conserved binding motif in vitro, and participate in an autoregulatory loop that modulates MEIS1 expression in vivo. Our results suggest that an intronic enhancer regulates the expression of MEIS1 in hematopoiesis and contributes to its aberrant expression in acute leukemia.
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50
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis - the process by which blood cells are formed - has been studied intensely for over a century using a variety of model systems. There is conservation of the overall hematopoietic process between vertebrates, although some differences do exist. Over the last decade, the zebrafish has come to the forefront as a new model in hematopoiesis research, as it allows the use of large-scale genetics, chemical screens and transgenics. This comparative approach to understanding hematopoiesis has led to fundamental knowledge about the process and to the development of new therapies for disease. Here, we provide a broad overview of vertebrate hematopoiesis. We also highlight the benefits of using zebrafish as a model.
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