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Hameed SA, Paul S, Dellosa GKY, Jaraquemada D, Bello MB. Towards the future exploration of mucosal mRNA vaccines against emerging viral diseases; lessons from existing next-generation mucosal vaccine strategies. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:71. [PMID: 35764661 PMCID: PMC9239993 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine platform has offered the greatest potential in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic owing to rapid development, effectiveness, and scalability to meet the global demand. There are many other mRNA vaccines currently being developed against different emerging viral diseases. As with the current COVID-19 vaccines, these mRNA-based vaccine candidates are being developed for parenteral administration via injections. However, most of the emerging viruses colonize the mucosal surfaces prior to systemic infection making it very crucial to target mucosal immunity. Although parenterally administered vaccines would induce a robust systemic immunity, they often provoke a weak mucosal immunity which may not be effective in preventing mucosal infection. In contrast, mucosal administration potentially offers the dual benefit of inducing potent mucosal and systemic immunity which would be more effective in offering protection against mucosal viral infection. There are however many challenges posed by the mucosal environment which impede successful mucosal vaccination. The development of an effective delivery system remains a major challenge to the successful exploitation of mucosal mRNA vaccination. Nonetheless, a number of delivery vehicles have been experimentally harnessed with different degrees of success in the mucosal delivery of mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines and summarise their application in the fight against emerging viral diseases with particular emphasis on COVID-19 mRNA platforms. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects and challenges of mucosal administration of mRNA-based vaccines, and we explore the existing experimental studies on mucosal mRNA vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodiq A. Hameed
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stephane Paul
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Giann Kerwin Y. Dellosa
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dolores Jaraquemada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- grid.412771.60000 0001 2150 5428Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
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2
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Ismail N, Karmakar S, Bhattacharya P, Sepahpour T, Takeda K, Hamano S, Matlashewski G, Satoskar AR, Gannavaram S, Dey R, Nakhasi HL. Leishmania Major Centrin Gene-Deleted Parasites Generate Skin Resident Memory T-Cell Immune Response Analogous to Leishmanization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864031. [PMID: 35419001 PMCID: PMC8996177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease transmitted through the bite of a sand fly with no available vaccine for humans. Recently, we have developed a live attenuated Leishmania major centrin gene-deleted parasite strain (LmCen-/- ) that induced protection against homologous and heterologous challenges. We demonstrated that the protection is mediated by IFN (Interferon) γ-secreting CD4+ T-effector cells and multifunctional T cells, which is analogous to leishmanization. In addition, in a leishmanization model, skin tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells were also shown to be crucial for host protection. In this study, we evaluated the generation and function of skin TRM cells following immunization with LmCen-/- parasites and compared those with leishmanization. We show that immunization with LmCen-/- generated skin CD4+ TRM cells and is supported by the induction of cytokines and chemokines essential for their production and survival similar to leishmanization. Following challenge with wild-type L. major, TRM cells specific to L. major were rapidly recruited and proliferated at the site of infection in the immunized mice. Furthermore, upon challenge, CD4+ TRM cells induce higher levels of IFNγ and Granzyme B in the immunized and leishmanized mice than in non-immunized mice. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that the genetically modified live attenuated LmCen -/- vaccine generates functional CD4+ skin TRM cells, similar to leishmanization, that may play a crucial role in host protection along with effector T cells as shown in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevien Ismail
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Telly Sepahpour
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
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3
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Li Z, Khanna M, Grimley SL, Ellenberg P, Gonelli CA, Lee WS, Amarasena TH, Kelleher AD, Purcell DFJ, Kent SJ, Ranasinghe C. Mucosal IL-4R antagonist HIV vaccination with SOSIP-gp140 booster can induce high-quality cytotoxic CD4 +/CD8 + T cells and humoral responses in macaques. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22077. [PMID: 33328567 PMCID: PMC7744512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity is likely to improve the effectiveness of HIV-1 vaccine strategies. Here, we tested a vaccine regimen in pigtail macaques using an intranasal (i.n.) recombinant Fowl Pox Virus (FPV)-gag pol env-IL-4R antagonist prime, intramuscular (i.m.) recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus (MVA)-gag pol-IL-4R antagonist boost followed by an i.m SOSIP-gp140 boost. The viral vector-expressed IL-4R antagonist transiently inhibited IL-4/IL-13 signalling at the vaccination site. The SOSIP booster not only induced gp140-specific IgG, ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) and some neutralisation activity, but also bolstered the HIV-specific cellular and humoral responses. Specifically, superior sustained systemic and mucosal HIV Gag-specific poly-functional/cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected with the IL-4R antagonist adjuvanted strategy compared to the unadjuvanted control. In the systemic compartment elevated Granzyme K expression was linked to CD4+ T cells, whilst Granzyme B/TIA-1 to CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the cytotoxic marker expression by mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells differed according to the mucosal compartment. This vector-based mucosal IL-4R antagonist/SOSIP booster strategy, which promotes cytotoxic mucosal CD4+ T cells at the first line of defence, and cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells plus functional antibodies in the blood, may prove valuable in combating mucosal infection with HIV-1 and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - M Khanna
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - S L Grimley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - P Ellenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - C A Gonelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - T H Amarasena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - A D Kelleher
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - D F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - S J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - C Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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4
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Khanna M, Jackson RJ, Alcantara S, Amarasena TH, Li Z, Kelleher AD, Kent SJ, Ranasinghe C. Mucosal and systemic SIV-specific cytotoxic CD4 + T cell hierarchy in protection following intranasal/intramuscular recombinant pox-viral vaccination of pigtail macaques. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5661. [PMID: 30952887 PMCID: PMC6450945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A HIV vaccine that provides mucosal immunity is urgently needed. We evaluated an intranasal recombinant Fowlpox virus (rFPV) priming vaccine followed by intramuscular Modified Vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) booster vaccine, both expressing SIV antigens. The vaccination generated mucosal and systemic SIV-specific CD4+ T cell mediated immunity and was associated with partial protection against high-dose intrarectal SIVmac251 challenge in outbred pigtail macaques. Three of 12 vaccinees were completely protected and these animals elicited sustained Gag-specific poly-functional, cytotoxic mucosal CD4+ T cells, complemented by systemic poly-functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity. Humoral immune responses, albeit absent in completely protected macaques, were associated with partial control of viremia in animals with relatively weaker mucosal/systemic T cell responses. Co-expression of an IL-4R antagonist by the rFPV vaccine further enhanced the breadth and cytotoxicity/poly-functionality of mucosal vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells. Moreover, a single FPV-gag/pol/env prime was able to induce rapid anamnestic gp140 antibody response upon SIV encounter. Collectively, our data indicated that nasal vaccination was effective at inducing robust cervico-vaginal and rectal immunity, although cytotoxic CD4+ T cell mediated mucosal and systemic immunity correlated strongly with 'complete protection', the different degrees of protection observed was multi-factorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Khanna
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ronald J Jackson
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sheilajen Alcantara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thakshila H Amarasena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zheyi Li
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia.
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5
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Roy S, Jaeson MI, Li Z, Mahboob S, Jackson RJ, Grubor-Bauk B, Wijesundara DK, Gowans EJ, Ranasinghe C. Viral vector and route of administration determine the ILC and DC profiles responsible for downstream vaccine-specific immune outcomes. Vaccine 2019; 37:1266-1276. [PMID: 30733092 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that route and viral vector can significantly influence the innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and dendritic cells (DC) recruited to the vaccination site, 24 h post delivery. Intranasal (i.n.) vaccination induced ST2/IL-33R+ ILC2, whilst intramuscular (i.m.) induced IL-25R+ and TSLPR+ (Thymic stromal lymphopoietin protein receptor) ILC2 subsets. However, in muscle a novel ILC subset devoid of the known ILC2 markers (IL-25R- IL-33R- TSLPR-) were found to express IL-13, unlike in lung. Different viral vectors also influenced the ILC-derived cytokines and the DC profiles at the respective vaccination sites. Both i.n. and i.m. recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) priming, which has been associated with induction of high avidity T cells and effective antibody differentiation exhibited low ILC2-derived IL-13, high NKp46+ ILC1/ILC3 derived IFN-γ and low IL-17A, together with enhanced CD11b+ CD103- conventional DCs (cDC). In contrast, recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) and Influenza A vector priming, which has been linked to low avidity T cells, induced opposing ILC derived-cytokine profiles and enhanced cross-presenting DCs. These observations suggested that the former ILC/DC profiles could be a predictor of a balanced cellular and humoral immune outcome. In addition, following i.n. delivery Rhinovirus (RV) and Adenovius type 5 (Ad5) vectors that induced elevated ILC2-derived IL-13, NKp46+ ILC1/ILC3-derived-IFN-γ and no IL-17A, predominantly recruited CD11b- B220+ plasmacytoid DCs (pDC). Knowing that pDC are involved in antibody differentiation, we postulate that i.n. priming with these vectors may favour induction of effective humoral immunity. Our data also revealed that vector-specific replication status and/or presence or absence of immune evasive genes can significantly alter the ILC and DC activity. Collectively, our findings suggest that understanding the route- and vector-specific ILC and DC profiles at the vaccination site may help tailor/design more efficacious viral vector-based vaccines, according to the pathogen of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roy
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - M I Jaeson
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Z Li
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - S Mahboob
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - R J Jackson
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - B Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - D K Wijesundara
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; Virology Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - E J Gowans
- Virology Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
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6
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Kozlowski PA, Aldovini A. Mucosal Vaccine Approaches for Prevention of HIV and SIV Transmission. CURRENT IMMUNOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 15:102-122. [PMID: 31452652 PMCID: PMC6709706 DOI: 10.2174/1573395514666180605092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimal protective immunity to HIV will likely require that plasma cells, memory B cells and memory T cells be stationed in mucosal tissues at portals of viral entry. Mucosal vaccine administration is more effective than parenteral vaccine delivery for this purpose. The challenge has been to achieve efficient vaccine uptake at mucosal surfaces, and to identify safe and effective adjuvants, especially for mucosally administered HIV envelope protein immunogens. Here, we discuss strategies used to deliver potential HIV vaccine candidates in the intestine, respiratory tract, and male and female genital tract of humans and nonhuman primates. We also review mucosal adjuvants, including Toll-like receptor agonists, which may adjuvant both mucosal humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV protein immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Anna Aldovini
- Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, 02115, USA
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7
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Abstract
Perhaps the best-studied mucosal adjuvants are the bacterially derived ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins. This adjuvant family includes heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), cholera toxin (CT), and mutants or subunits of LT and CT. These proteins promote a multifaceted antigen-specific response, including inflammatory Th1, Th2, Th17, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and antibodies. However, more uniquely among adjuvant classes, they induce antigen-specific IgA antibodies and long-lasting memory to coadministered antigens when delivered mucosally or even parenterally. The purpose of this minireview is to describe the general properties, history and creation, preclinical studies, clinical studies, mechanisms of action, and considerations for use of the most promising enterotoxin-based adjuvant to date, LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT. This review is timely due to completed, ongoing, and planned clinical investigations of dmLT in multiple vaccine formulations by government, nonprofit, and industry groups in the United States and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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8
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Wijesundara DK, Ranasinghe C, Grubor-Bauk B, Gowans EJ. Emerging Targets for Developing T Cell-Mediated Vaccines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2091. [PMID: 29118747 PMCID: PMC5660999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has infected >75 million individuals globally, and, according to the UN, is responsible for ~2.1 million new infections and 1.1 million deaths each year. Currently, there are ~37 million individuals with HIV infection and the epidemic has already resulted in 35 million deaths. Despite the advances of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), a cost-effective vaccine remains the best long-term solution to end the HIV-1 epidemic especially given that the vast majority of infected individuals live in poor socio-economic regions of the world such as Sub-Saharan Africa which limits their accessibility to ART. The modest efficacy of the RV144 Thai trial provides hope that a vaccine for HIV-1 is possible, but as markers for sterilizing immunity are unknown, the design of an effective vaccine is empirical, although broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (bNAb) that can neutralize various quasispecies of HIV-1 are considered crucial. Since HIV-1 transmission often occurs at the genito-rectal mucosa and is cell-associated, there is a need to develop vaccines that can elicit CD8+ T cell immunity with the capacity to kill virus infected cells at the genito-rectal mucosa and the gut. Here we discuss the recent progress made in developing T cell-mediated vaccines for HIV-1 and emphasize the need to elicit mucosal tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (CD8+ Trm) cells. CD8+ Trm cells will likely form a robust front-line defense against HIV-1 and eliminate transmitter/founder virus-infected cells which are responsible for propagating HIV-1 infections following transmission in vast majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka K Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eric J Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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9
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Nizard M, Roussel H, Diniz MO, Karaki S, Tran T, Voron T, Dransart E, Sandoval F, Riquet M, Rance B, Marcheteau E, Fabre E, Mandavit M, Terme M, Blanc C, Escudie JB, Gibault L, Barthes FLP, Granier C, Ferreira LCS, Badoual C, Johannes L, Tartour E. Induction of resident memory T cells enhances the efficacy of cancer vaccine. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15221. [PMID: 28537262 PMCID: PMC5458068 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) represent a new subset of long-lived memory T cells that remain in tissue and do not recirculate. Although they are considered as early immune effectors in infectious diseases, their role in cancer immunosurveillance remains unknown. In a preclinical model of head and neck cancer, we show that intranasal vaccination with a mucosal vector, the B subunit of Shiga toxin, induces local Trm and inhibits tumour growth. As Trm do not recirculate, we demonstrate their crucial role in the efficacy of cancer vaccine with parabiosis experiments. Blockade of TFGβ decreases the induction of Trm after mucosal vaccine immunization, resulting in the lower efficacy of cancer vaccine. In order to extrapolate this role of Trm in humans, we show that the number of Trm correlates with a better overall survival in lung cancer in multivariate analysis. The induction of Trm may represent a new surrogate biomarker for the efficacy of cancer vaccine. This study also argues for the development of vaccine strategies designed to elicit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevyn Nizard
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Hélène Roussel
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France.,Department of Pathology, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
| | - Mariana O Diniz
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, Sao Paulo SP-CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Soumaya Karaki
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Thi Tran
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Thibault Voron
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery Unit, INSERM U 1143, CNRS UMR3666, 26 Rue d'Ulm 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Federico Sandoval
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marc Riquet
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Chrirurgie Thoracique Générale, Oncologique et Transplantation, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
| | - Bastien Rance
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
| | - Elie Marcheteau
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Elizabeth Fabre
- Departement of Medical Oncology, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marion Mandavit
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Magali Terme
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Charlotte Blanc
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Escudie
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laure Gibault
- Department of Pathology, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
| | - Françoise Le Pimpec Barthes
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Chrirurgie Thoracique Générale, Oncologique et Transplantation, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
| | - Clemence Granier
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France
| | - Luis C S Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, Sao Paulo SP-CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cecile Badoual
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France.,Department of Pathology, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery Unit, INSERM U 1143, CNRS UMR3666, 26 Rue d'Ulm 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 56 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75015, France.,Department of Pathology, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France
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10
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Bissa M, Quaglino E, Zanotto C, Illiano E, Rolih V, Pacchioni S, Cavallo F, De Giuli Morghen C, Radaelli A. Protection of mice against the highly pathogenic VV IHD-J by DNA and fowlpox recombinant vaccines, administered by electroporation and intranasal routes, correlates with serum neutralizing activity. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:182-191. [PMID: 27637905 PMCID: PMC9533953 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The control of smallpox was achieved using live vaccinia virus (VV) vaccine, which successfully eradicated the disease worldwide. As the variola virus no longer exists as a natural infection agent, mass vaccination was discontinued after 1980. However, emergence of smallpox outbreaks caused by accidental or deliberate release of variola virus has stimulated new research for second-generation vaccine development based on attenuated VV strains. Considering the closely related animal poxviruses that also arise as zoonoses, and the increasing number of unvaccinated or immunocompromised people, a safer and more effective vaccine is still required. With this aim, new vectors based on avian poxviruses that cannot replicate in mammals should improve the safety of conventional vaccines, and protect from zoonotic orthopoxvirus diseases, such as cowpox and monkeypox. In this study, DNA and fowlpox (FP) recombinants that expressed the VV L1R, A27L, A33R, and B5R genes were generated (4DNAmix, 4FPmix, respectively) and tested in mice using novel administration routes. Mice were primed with 4DNAmix by electroporation, and boosted with 4FPmix applied intranasally. The lethal VVIHD-J strain was then administered by intranasal challenge. All of the mice receiving 4DNAmix followed by 4FPmix, and 20% of the mice immunized only with 4FPmix, were protected. The induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses directly correlated with this protection. In particular, higher anti-A27 antibodies and IFNγ-producing T lymphocytes were measured in the blood and spleen of the protected mice, as compared to controls. VVIHD-J neutralizing antibodies in sera from the protected mice suggest that the prime/boost vaccination regimen with 4DNAmix plus 4FPmix may be an effective and safe mode to induce protection against smallpox and poxvirus zoonotic infections. The electroporation/intranasal administration routes contributed to effective immune responses and mouse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bissa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | - Elena Illiano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Valeria Rolih
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Sole Pacchioni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Carlo De Giuli Morghen
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milano, Italy; Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel", Rr. Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Section, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neurosciences, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
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11
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Benati D, Galperin M, Lambotte O, Gras S, Lim A, Mukhopadhyay M, Nouël A, Campbell KA, Lemercier B, Claireaux M, Hendou S, Lechat P, de Truchis P, Boufassa F, Rossjohn J, Delfraissy JF, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Chakrabarti LA. Public T cell receptors confer high-avidity CD4 responses to HIV controllers. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2093-108. [PMID: 27111229 DOI: 10.1172/jci83792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rare patients who are able to spontaneously control HIV replication in the absence of therapy show signs of a particularly efficient cellular immune response. To identify the molecular determinants that underlie this response, we characterized the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire directed at Gag293, the most immunoprevalent CD4 epitope in the HIV-1 capsid. HIV controllers from the ANRS CODEX cohort showed a highly skewed TCR repertoire that was characterized by a predominance of TRAV24 and TRBV2 variable genes, shared CDR3 motifs, and a high frequency of public clonotypes. The most prevalent public clonotypes generated TCRs with affinities at the higher end of values reported for naturally occurring TCRs. The high-affinity Gag293-specific TCRs were cross-restricted by up to 5 distinct HLA-DR alleles, accounting for the expression of these TCRs in HIV controllers of diverse genetic backgrounds. Transfer of these TCRs to healthy donor CD4+ T cells conferred high antigen sensitivity and polyfunctionality, thus recapitulating key features of the controller CD4 response. Transfer of a high-affinity Gag293-specific TCR also redirected CD8+ T cells to target HIV-1 capsid via nonconventional MHC II restriction. Together, these findings indicate that TCR clonotypes with superior functions are associated with HIV control. Amplification or transfer of such clonotypes may contribute to immunotherapeutic approaches aiming at a functional HIV cure.
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12
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Trivedi S, Neeman T, Jackson RJ, Ranasinghe R, Jack C, Ranasinghe C. Identification of biomarkers to measure HIV-specific mucosal and systemic CD8(+) T-cell immunity using single cell Fluidigm 48.48 Dynamic arrays. Vaccine 2015; 33:7315-7327. [PMID: 26519547 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thirty genes composed of cytokines, chemokines, granzymes, perforin and integrins were evaluated in gut and splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific single CD8(+) T cells using Fluidigm 48.48 Dynamic arrays, with the aim of identifying biomarkers to predict effective mucosal and systemic vaccine efficacy. The mRNA expression profiles were analyzed in three ways: (i) the "number" of K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8(+) T cells expressing the biomarker, (ii) "level" of mRNA expression using principal component analysis (PCA) and (iii) poly-functionality in relation to RANTES expression. In total, 21 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the vaccine groups and the immune compartments tested. Overall, the PCA indicated that IL-13Rα2 or IL-4R antagonist adjuvanted vaccines that previously induced high-avidity mucosal/systemic CD8(+) T cells with better protective efficacy, the "level" of mRNA expression, specifically RANTES, MIP-1β, and integrin α4 in gut K(d)Gag197-205-specific single CD8(+) T cells, were significantly elevated compared to unadjuvanted vaccine. Furthermore, significantly elevated granzymes/perforin levels were detected in IL-13(-/-) mice given the unadjuvanted vaccine, indicating that the degree of IL-13 inhibition (total, transient or no inhibition) can considerably alter the level of T-cell activity/poly-functionality. When splenic- and gut-K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8(+) T cells were compared, PC1 vs. PC2 scores revealed that not only RANTES, MIP-1β, and integrin α4 mRNA, but also perforin, granzymes A/B, and integrins β1 and β2 mRNA were elevated in spleen. Collectively, data suggest that RANTES, MIP-1β, perforin, and integrins α4, β1 and β7 mRNA in single HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells could be used as a measure of effective mucosal and systemic vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Statistical Consultant Unit, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ronald J Jackson
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Roshanka Ranasinghe
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cameron Jack
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Genome Discovery Unit, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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13
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Nizard M, Diniz MO, Roussel H, Tran T, Ferreira LC, Badoual C, Tartour E. Mucosal vaccines: novel strategies and applications for the control of pathogens and tumors at mucosal sites. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2175-87. [PMID: 25424921 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system displays several adaptations reflecting the exposure to the external environment. The efficient induction of mucosal immune responses also requires specific approaches, such as the use of appropriate administration routes and specific adjuvants and/or delivery systems. In contrast to vaccines delivered via parenteral routes, experimental, and clinical evidences demonstrated that mucosal vaccines can efficiently induce local immune responses to pathogens or tumors located at mucosal sites as well as systemic response. At least in part, such features can be explained by the compartmentalization of mucosal B and T cell populations that play important roles in the modulation of local immune responses. In the present review, we discuss molecular and cellular features of the mucosal immune system as well as novel immunization approaches that may lead to the development of innovative and efficient vaccines targeting pathogens and tumors at different mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevyn Nizard
- a INSERM U970; Universite Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris-Cité; Paris, France
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14
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15
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Berzofsky JA, Franchini G. Human/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission and Infection at Mucosal Sites. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Reguzova AY, Karpenko LI, Mechetina LV, Belyakov IM. Peptide-MHC multimer-based monitoring of CD8 T-cells in HIV-1 infection and AIDS vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:69-84. [PMID: 25373312 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.962520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of MHC multimers allows precise and direct detecting and analyzing of antigen-specific T-cell populations and provides new opportunities to characterize T-cell responses in humans and animals. MHC-multimers enable us to enumerate specific T-cells targeting to viral, tumor and vaccine antigens with exceptional sensitivity and specificity. In the field of HIV/SIV immunology, this technique provides valuable information about the frequencies of HIV- and SIV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in different tissues and sites of infection, AIDS progression, and pathogenesis. Peptide-MHC multimer technology remains a very sensitive tool in detecting virus-specific T -cells for evaluation of the immunogenicity of vaccines against HIV-1 in preclinical trials. Moreover, it helps to understand how immune responses are formed following vaccination in the dynamics from priming point until T-cell memory is matured. Here we review a diversity of peptide-MHC class I multimer applications for fundamental immunological studies in different aspects of HIV/SIV infection and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Y Reguzova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
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17
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Poles J, Alvarez Y, Hioe CE. Induction of intestinal immunity by mucosal vaccines as a means of controlling HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:1027-40. [PMID: 25354023 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are preferentially targeted and depleted by HIV. As such, the induction of an effective anti-HIV immune response in the mucosa of the GI tract-through vaccination-could protect this vulnerable population of cells. Mucosal vaccination provides a promising means of inducing robust humoral and cellular responses in the GI tract. Here we review data from the literature about the effectiveness of various mucosal vaccination routes--oral (intraintestinal/tonsilar/sublingual), intranasal, and intrarectal--with regard to the induction of immune responses mediated by cytotoxic T cells and antibodies in the GI mucosa, as well as protective efficacy in challenge models. We present data from the literature indicating that mucosal routes have the potential to effectively elicit GI mucosal immunity and protect against challenge. Given their capacity for the induction of anti-HIV immune responses in the GI mucosa, we propose that mucosal routes, including the nonconventional sublingual, tonsilar, and intrarectal routes, be considered for the delivery of the next generation HIV vaccines. However, further studies are necessary to determine the ideal vectors and vaccination regimens for these routes of immunization and to validate their efficacy in controlling HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Poles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yelina Alvarez
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System–Manhattan Campus and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Catarina E. Hioe
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System–Manhattan Campus and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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18
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Trivedi S, Jackson RJ, Ranasinghe C. Different HIV pox viral vector-based vaccines and adjuvants can induce unique antigen presenting cells that modulate CD8 T cell avidity. Virology 2014; 468-470:479-489. [PMID: 25261870 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lung-derived dendritic cell (LDC) recruitment following intranasal (i.n.) vaccination of different poxviral vector-based vaccines/adjuvants were evaluated to decipher how these factors influenced CD8(+) T cell avidity. Compared to the standard i.n. recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV vaccination, the FPV-HIV IL-13Rα2 or IL-4Rα antagonist adjuvanted vaccines that induced higher avidity CD8(+) T cells, also recruited significantly elevated MHCII(+) CD11c(+) CD11b(+) CD103(-) CD64(-) MAR-1(-) conventional DC (cDCs) to the lung mucosae (hierarchy: IL-4R antagonist>IL-13Rα2>unadjuvanted). In contrast, elevated CD11b(-) CD103(+) LDCs were detected in animals that received recombinant HIV vaccinia virus (rVV) or Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) vector-based vaccines. Adoptive transfer studies indicated that CD11b(-) CD103(+) LDCs significantly dampened HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity compared to CD11b(+) CD103(-) LDCs. Collectively; our observations revealed that rFPV vector prime and transient inhibition of IL-4/IL-13 at the vaccination site favoured the recruitment of unique LDCs, associated with the induction of high quality immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Ronald J Jackson
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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19
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Valentin A, McKinnon K, Li J, Rosati M, Kulkarni V, Pilkington GR, Bear J, Alicea C, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Jean Patterson L, Pegu P, Liyanage NPM, Gordon SN, Vaccari M, Wang Y, Hogg AE, Frey B, Sui Y, Reed SG, Sardesai NY, Berzofsky JA, Franchini G, Robert-Guroff M, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Comparative analysis of SIV-specific cellular immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms in rhesus macaques. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:91-107. [PMID: 25229164 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To identify the most promising vaccine candidates for combinatorial strategies, we compared five SIV vaccine platforms including recombinant canary pox virus ALVAC, replication-competent adenovirus type 5 host range mutant RepAd, DNA, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), peptides and protein in distinct combinations. Three regimens used viral vectors (prime or boost) and two regimens used plasmid DNA. Analysis at necropsy showed that the DNA-based vaccine regimens elicited significantly higher cellular responses against Gag and Env than any of the other vaccine platforms. The T cell responses induced by most vaccine regimens disseminated systemically into secondary lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes, spleen) and effector anatomical sites (including liver, vaginal tissue), indicative of their role in viral containment at the portal of entry. The cellular and reported humoral immune response data suggest that combination of DNA and viral vectors elicits a balanced immunity with strong and durable responses able to disseminate into relevant mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Katherine McKinnon
- FACS Core Facility, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinyao Li
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Guy R Pilkington
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Diego A Vargas-Inchaustegui
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Jean Patterson
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Poonam Pegu
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Namal P M Liyanage
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shari N Gordon
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison E Hogg
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake Frey
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
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20
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Jackson RJ, Worley M, Trivedi S, Ranasinghe C. Novel HIV IL-4R antagonist vaccine strategy can induce both high avidity CD8 T and B cell immunity with greater protective efficacy. Vaccine 2014; 32:5703-14. [PMID: 25151041 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have established that the efficacy of a heterologous poxvirus vectored HIV vaccine, fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV gag/pol prime followed by attenuated vaccinia virus (VV)-HIV gag/pol booster immunisation, is strongly influenced by the cytokine milieu at the priming vaccination site, with endogenous IL-13 detrimental to the quality of the HIV specific CD8+ T cell response induced. We have now developed a novel HIV vaccine that co-expresses a C-terminal deletion mutant of the mouse IL-4, deleted for the essential tyrosine (Y119) required for signalling. In our vaccine system, the mutant IL-4C118 can bind to IL-4 type I and II receptors with high affinity, and transiently prevent the signalling of both IL-4 and IL-13 at the vaccination site. When this IL-4C118 adjuvanted vaccine was used in an intranasal rFPV/intramuscular rVV prime-boost immunisation strategy, greatly enhanced mucosal/systemic HIV specific CD8+ T cells with higher functional avidity, expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and greater protective efficacy were detected. Surprisingly, the IL-4C118 adjuvanted vaccines also induced robust long-lived HIV gag-specific serum antibody responses, specifically IgG1 and IgG2a. The p55-gag IgG2a responses induced were of a higher magnitude relative to the IL-13Rα2 adjuvant vaccine. More interestingly, our recently tested IL-13Rα2 adjuvanted vaccine which only inhibited IL-13 activity, even though induced excellent high avidity HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, had a detrimental impact on the induction of gag-specific IgG2a antibody immunity. Our observations suggest that (i) IL-4 cell-signalling in the absence of IL-13 retarded gag-specific antibody isotype class switching, or (ii) IL-13Rα2 signalling was involved in inducing good gag-specific B cell immunity. Thus, we believe our novel IL-4R antagonist adjuvant strategy offers great promise not only for HIV-1 vaccines, but also against a range of chronic infections where sustained high quality mucosal and systemic T and B cell immunity are required for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Jackson
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Matthew Worley
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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21
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Tuero I, Robert-Guroff M. Challenges in mucosal HIV vaccine development: lessons from non-human primate models. Viruses 2014; 6:3129-58. [PMID: 25196380 PMCID: PMC4147690 DOI: 10.3390/v6083129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious HIV vaccine is urgently needed to curb the AIDS pandemic. The modest protection elicited in the phase III clinical vaccine trial in Thailand provided hope that this goal might be achieved. However, new approaches are necessary for further advances. As HIV is transmitted primarily across mucosal surfaces, development of immunity at these sites is critical, but few clinical vaccine trials have targeted these sites or assessed vaccine-elicited mucosal immune responses. Pre-clinical studies in non-human primate models have facilitated progress in mucosal vaccine development by evaluating candidate vaccine approaches, developing methodologies for collecting and assessing mucosal samples, and providing clues to immune correlates of protective immunity for further investigation. In this review we have focused on non-human primate studies which have provided important information for future design of vaccine strategies, targeting of mucosal inductive sites, and assessment of mucosal immunity. Knowledge gained in these studies will inform mucosal vaccine design and evaluation in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskra Tuero
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Abstract
In spite of several attempts over many years at developing a HIV vaccine based on classical strategies, none has convincingly succeeded to date. As HIV is transmitted primarily by the mucosal route, particularly through sexual intercourse, understanding antiviral immunity at mucosal sites is of major importance. An ideal vaccine should elicit HIV-specific antibodies and mucosal CD8⁺ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) as a first line of defense at a very early stage of HIV infection, before the virus can disseminate into the secondary lymphoid organs in mucosal and systemic tissues. A primary focus of HIV preventive vaccine research is therefore the induction of protective immune responses in these crucial early stages of HIV infection. Numerous approaches are being studied in the field, including building upon the recent RV144 clinical trial. In this article, we will review current strategies and briefly discuss the use of adjuvants in designing HIV vaccines that induce mucosal immune responses.
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23
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Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Tuero I, Mohanram V, Musich T, Pegu P, Valentin A, Sui Y, Rosati M, Bear J, Venzon DJ, Kulkarni V, Alicea C, Pilkington GR, Liyanage NPM, Demberg T, Gordon SN, Wang Y, Hogg AE, Frey B, Patterson LJ, DiPasquale J, Montefiori DC, Sardesai NY, Reed SG, Berzofsky JA, Franchini G, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN, Robert-Guroff M. Humoral immunity induced by mucosal and/or systemic SIV-specific vaccine platforms suggests novel combinatorial approaches for enhancing responses. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:308-22. [PMID: 24907411 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial HIV/SIV vaccine approaches targeting multiple arms of the immune system might improve protective efficacy. We compared SIV-specific humoral immunity induced in rhesus macaques by five vaccine regimens. Systemic regimens included ALVAC-SIVenv priming and Env boosting (ALVAC/Env); DNA immunization; and DNA plus Env co-immunization (DNA&Env). RepAd/Env combined mucosal replication-competent Ad-env priming with systemic Env boosting. A Peptide/Env regimen, given solely intrarectally, included HIV/SIV peptides followed by MVA-env and Env boosts. Serum antibodies mediating neutralizing, phagocytic and ADCC activities were induced by ALVAC/Env, RepAd/Env and DNA&Env vaccines. Memory B cells and plasma cells were maintained in the bone marrow. RepAd/Env vaccination induced early SIV-specific IgA in rectal secretions before Env boosting, although mucosal IgA and IgG responses were readily detected at necropsy in ALVAC/Env, RepAd/Env, DNA&Env and DNA vaccinated animals. Our results suggest that combined RepAd priming with ALVAC/Env or DNA&Env regimen boosting might induce potent, functional, long-lasting systemic and mucosal SIV-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Vargas-Inchaustegui
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Iskra Tuero
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Venkatramanan Mohanram
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Thomas Musich
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Poonam Pegu
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, CCR, NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Guy R Pilkington
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Namal P M Liyanage
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Thorsten Demberg
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Shari N Gordon
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Alison E Hogg
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Blake Frey
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - L Jean Patterson
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Janet DiPasquale
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | | | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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24
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Sui Y, Hogg A, Wang Y, Frey B, Yu H, Xia Z, Venzon D, McKinnon K, Smedley J, Gathuka M, Klinman D, Keele BF, Langermann S, Liu L, Franchini G, Berzofsky JA. Vaccine-induced myeloid cell population dampens protective immunity to SIV. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2538-49. [PMID: 24837435 PMCID: PMC4038576 DOI: 10.1172/jci73518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are largely evaluated for their ability to promote adaptive immunity, with little focus on the induction of negative immune regulators. Adjuvants facilitate and enhance vaccine-induced immune responses and have been explored for mediating protection against HIV. Using a regimen of peptide priming followed by a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost in a nonhuman primate model, we found that an SIV vaccine incorporating molecular adjuvants mediated partial protection against rectal SIVmac251 challenges. Animals treated with vaccine and multiple adjuvants exhibited a reduced viral load (VL) compared with those treated with vaccine only. Surprisingly, animals treated with adjuvant alone had reduced VLs that were comparable to or better than those of the vaccine-treated group. VL reduction was greatest in animals with the MHC class I allele Mamu-A*01 that were treated with adjuvant only and was largely dependent on CD8+ T cells. Early VLs correlated with Ki67+CCR5+CD4+ T cell frequency, while set-point VL was associated with expansion of a myeloid cell population that was phenotypically similar to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and that suppressed T cell responses in vitro. MDSC expansion occurred in animals receiving vaccine and was not observed in the adjuvant-only group. Collectively, these results indicate that vaccine-induced MDSCs inhibit protective cellular immunity and suggest that preventing MDSC induction may be critical for effective AIDS vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison Hogg
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Blake Frey
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Huifeng Yu
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - David Venzon
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine McKinnon
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mercy Gathuka
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis Klinman
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Sol Langermann
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Liu
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, and Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA. Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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25
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Ranasinghe C, Ramshaw IA. Genetic heterologous prime–boost vaccination strategies for improved systemic and mucosal immunity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:1171-81. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Karpenko LI, Bazhan SI, Antonets DV, Belyakov IM. Novel approaches in polyepitope T-cell vaccine development against HIV-1. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 13:155-73. [PMID: 24308576 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.861748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RV144 clinical trial was modestly effective in preventing HIV infection. New alternative approaches are needed to design improved HIV-1 vaccines and their delivery strategies. One of these approaches is construction of synthetic polyepitope HIV-1 immunogen using protective T- and B-cell epitopes that can induce broadly neutralizing antibodies and responses of cytotoxic (CD8(+) CTL) and helpers (CD4(+) Th) T-lymphocytes. This approach seems to be promising for designing of new generation of vaccines against HIV-1, enables in theory to cope with HIV-1 antigenic variability, focuses immune responses on protective determinants and enables to exclude from the vaccine compound that can induce autoantibodies or antibodies enhancing HIV-1 infectivity. Herein, the authors will focus on construction and rational design of polyepitope T-cell HIV-1 immunogens and their delivery, including: advantages and disadvantages of existing T-cell epitope prediction methods; features of organization of polyepitope immunogens, which can generate high-level CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses; the strategies to optimize efficient processing, presentation and immunogenicity of polyepitope constructs; original software to design polyepitope immunogens; and delivery vectors as well as mucosal strategies of vaccination. This new knowledge may bring us a one step closer to developing an effective T-cell vaccine against HIV-1, other chronic viral infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
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27
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Figueiredo S, Charmeteau B, Surenaud M, Salmon D, Launay O, Guillet JG, Hosmalin A, Gahery H. Memory CD8(+) T cells elicited by HIV-1 lipopeptide vaccines display similar phenotypic profiles but differences in term of magnitude and multifunctionality compared with FLU- or EBV-specific memory T cells in humans. Vaccine 2013; 32:492-501. [PMID: 24291199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation marker, multifunctionality and magnitude analyses of specific-CD8(+) memory T cells are crucial to improve development of HIV vaccines designed to generate cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, we fully characterized the HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses induced in volunteers vaccinated with HIV lipopeptide vaccines for phenotypic markers, tetramer staining, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxic activities. The frequency of ex vivo CD8(+) T cells elicited by lipopeptide vaccines is very rare and central-memory phenotype and functions of these cells were been shown to be important in AIDS immunity. So, we expanded them using specific peptides to compare the memory T cell responses induced in volunteers by HIV vaccines with responses to influenza (FLU) or Epstein Barr virus (EBV). By analyzing the differentiation state of IFN-γ-secreting CD8(+) T cells, we found a CCR7(-)CD45RA(-)CD28(+int)/CD28(-) profile (>85%) belonging to a subset of intermediate-differentiated effector T cells for HIV, FLU, and EBV. We then assessed the quality of the response by measuring various T cell functions. The percentage of single IFN-γ T cell producers in response to HIV was 62% of the total of secreting T cells compared with 35% for FLU and EBV, dual and triple (IFN-γ/IL-2/CD107a) T cell producers could also be detected but at lower levels (8% compared with 37%). Finally, HIV-specific T cells secreted IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not the dual combination like FLU- and EBV-specific T cells. Thus, we found that the functional profile and magnitude of expanded HIV-specific CD8(+) T precursors were more limited than those of to FLU- and EBV-specific CD8(+) T cells. These data show that CD8(+) T cells induced by these HIV vaccines have a similar differentiation profile to FLU and EBV CD8(+) T cells, but that the vaccine potency to induce multifunctional T cells needs to be increased in order to improve vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Figueiredo
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Charmeteau
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Surenaud
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Salmon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Odile Launay
- Inserm CIC BT505, CIC de Vaccinologie Cochin Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Gérard Guillet
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hanne Gahery
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, INSERM U976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Skin Research Center, 75010 Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Immunology, Dermatology & Oncology, UMR-S 976, 75010 Paris, France.
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28
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Unique IL-13Rα2-based HIV-1 vaccine strategy to enhance mucosal immunity, CD8(+) T-cell avidity and protective immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:1068-80. [PMID: 23403475 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have established that mucosal immunization can generate high-avidity human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells compared with systemic immunization, and interleukin (IL)-13 is detrimental to the functional avidity of these T cells. We have now constructed two unique recombinant HIV-1 vaccines that co-express soluble or membrane-bound forms of the IL-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2), which can "transiently" block IL-13 activity at the vaccination site causing wild-type animals to behave similar to an IL-13 KO animal. Following intranasal/intramuscular prime-boost immunization, these IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted vaccines have shown to induce (i) enhanced HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells with higher functional avidity, with broader cytokine/chemokine profiles and greater protective immunity using a surrogate mucosal HIV-1 challenge, and also (ii) excellent multifunctional mucosal CD8(+) T-cell responses, in the lung, genito-rectal nodes (GN), and Peyer's patch (PP). Data revealed that intranasal delivery of these IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines recruited large numbers of unique antigen-presenting cell subsets to the lung mucosae, ultimately promoting the induction of high-avidity CD8(+) T cells. We believe our novel IL-13R cytokine trap vaccine strategy offers great promise for not only HIV-1, but also as a platform technology against range of chronic infections that require strong sustained high-avidity mucosal/systemic immunity for protection.
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29
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Sui Y, Gordon S, Franchini G, Berzofsky JA. Nonhuman primate models for HIV/AIDS vaccine development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 102:12.14.1-12.14.30. [PMID: 24510515 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1214s102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of HIV vaccines has been hampered by the lack of an animal model that can accurately predict vaccine efficacy. Chimpanzees can be infected with HIV-1 but are not practical for research. However, several species of macaques are susceptible to the simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that cause disease in macaques, which also closely mimic HIV in humans. Thus, macaque-SIV models of HIV infection have become a critical foundation for AIDS vaccine development. Here we examine the multiple variables and considerations that must be taken into account in order to use this nonhuman primate (NHP) model effectively. These include the species and subspecies of macaques, virus strain, dose and route of administration, and macaque genetics, including the major histocompatibility complex molecules that affect immune responses, and other virus restriction factors. We illustrate how these NHP models can be used to carry out studies of immune responses in mucosal and other tissues that could not easily be performed on human volunteers. Furthermore, macaques are an ideal model system to optimize adjuvants, test vaccine platforms, and identify correlates of protection that can advance the HIV vaccine field. We also illustrate techniques used to identify different macaque lymphocyte populations and review some poxvirus vaccine candidates that are in various stages of clinical trials. Understanding how to effectively use this valuable model will greatly increase the likelihood of finding a successful vaccine for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Shari Gordon
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,These authors contributed equally
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30
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Wijesundara DK, Jackson RJ, Tscharke DC, Ranasinghe C. IL-4 and IL-13 mediated down-regulation of CD8 expression levels can dampen anti-viral CD8+ T cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. Vaccine 2013; 31:4548-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Sandoval F, Terme M, Nizard M, Badoual C, Bureau MF, Freyburger L, Clement O, Marcheteau E, Gey A, Fraisse G, Bouguin C, Merillon N, Dransart E, Tran T, Quintin-Colonna F, Autret G, Thiebaud M, Suleman M, Riffault S, Wu TC, Launay O, Danel C, Taieb J, Richardson J, Zitvogel L, Fridman WH, Johannes L, Tartour E. Mucosal imprinting of vaccine-induced CD8⁺ T cells is crucial to inhibit the growth of mucosal tumors. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:172ra20. [PMID: 23408053 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although many human cancers are located in mucosal sites, most cancer vaccines are tested against subcutaneous tumors in preclinical models. We therefore wondered whether mucosa-specific homing instructions to the immune system might influence mucosal tumor outgrowth. We showed that the growth of orthotopic head and neck or lung cancers was inhibited when a cancer vaccine was delivered by the intranasal mucosal route but not the intramuscular route. This antitumor effect was dependent on CD8⁺ T cells. Indeed, only intranasal vaccination elicited mucosal-specific CD8⁺ T cells expressing the mucosal integrin CD49a. Blockade of CD49a decreased intratumoral CD8⁺ T cell infiltration and the efficacy of cancer vaccine on mucosal tumor. We then showed that after intranasal vaccination, dendritic cells from lung parenchyma, but not those from spleen, induced the expression of CD49a on cocultured specific CD8⁺ T cells. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human mucosal lung cancer also expressed CD49a, which supports the relevance and possible extrapolation of these results in humans. We thus identified a link between the route of vaccination and the induction of a mucosal homing program on induced CD8⁺ T cells that controlled their trafficking. Immunization route directly affected the efficacy of the cancer vaccine to control mucosal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sandoval
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Magali Terme
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mevyn Nizard
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michel-Francis Bureau
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR 8151 CNRS, 75270 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Clement
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Elie Marcheteau
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,INSERM, CIC-BT-505, 75014 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Broca Hotel-Dieu, Centre d'investigation clinique de vaccinologie Cochin Pasteur, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alain Gey
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Fraisse
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Bouguin
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Merillon
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Traffic, Signaling, and Delivery Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,UMR144 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thi Tran
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Quintin-Colonna
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons Alfort 94700, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marine Thiebaud
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Traffic, Signaling, and Delivery Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,UMR144 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- UMR 1161 Virologie Inra, Anses, ENVA, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Odile Launay
- INSERM, CIC-BT-505, 75014 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Broca Hotel-Dieu, Centre d'investigation clinique de vaccinologie Cochin Pasteur, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Danel
- Hopital Bichat, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR 1161 Virologie Inra, Anses, ENVA, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, CIC-BT507, Faculté Paris Sud Université Paris XI, 94805 Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Traffic, Signaling, and Delivery Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.,UMR144 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970 PARCC, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM, CIC-BT-505, 75014 Paris, France
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Crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells leads to high quality immune protection at the mucosal borders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 785:43-7. [PMID: 23456836 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6217-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal effector memory CD8 T cells are located at the epithelium and have a heightened and immediate effector function. By contrast, central memory T cells reside within lymphoid tissues and require proliferation and differentiation to become effector cells that migrate to epithelial surfaces. The accumulation of effector memory T cells at the pathogen entry site(s) is essential for protective immunity, but the mechanisms that drive the differentiation of memory cell subsets are poorly understood. We recently showed that CD8αα, induced selectively on the most highly activated primary CD8αβ T cells, together with its ligand, the thymic leukemia (TL) antigen, induced on mucosal antigen-presenting cells and constitutively expressed on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), serve as key components to mediate the selective accumulation of the fittest effector cells to form mucosal effector memory T cells. Therefore, the generation of mucosal effector memory is controlled by an innate-adaptive crosstalk that provides for host defense at the body's largest interface.
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Krotova O, Starodubova E, Petkov S, Kostic L, Agapkina J, Hallengärd D, Viklund A, Latyshev O, Gelius E, Dillenbeck T, Karpov V, Gottikh M, Belyakov IM, Lukashov V, Isaguliants MG. Consensus HIV-1 FSU-A integrase gene variants electroporated into mice induce polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62720. [PMID: 23667513 PMCID: PMC3648577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective is to create gene immunogens targeted against drug-resistant HIV-1, focusing on HIV-1 enzymes as critical components in viral replication and drug resistance. Consensus-based gene vaccines are specifically fit for variable pathogens such as HIV-1 and have many advantages over viral genes and their expression-optimized variants. With this in mind, we designed the consensus integrase (IN) of the HIV-1 clade A strain predominant in the territory of the former Soviet Union and its inactivated derivative with and without mutations conferring resistance to elvitegravir. Humanized IN gene was synthesized; and inactivated derivatives (with 64D in the active site mutated to V) with and without elvitegravir-resistance mutations were generated by site-mutagenesis. Activity tests of IN variants expressed in E coli showed the consensus IN to be active, while both D64V-variants were devoid of specific activities. IN genes cloned in the DNA-immunization vector pVax1 (pVaxIN plasmids) were highly expressed in human and murine cell lines (>0.7 ng/cell). Injection of BALB/c mice with pVaxIN plasmids followed by electroporation generated potent IFN-γ and IL-2 responses registered in PBMC by day 15 and in splenocytes by day 23 after immunization. Multiparametric FACS demonstrated that CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of gene-immunized mice stimulated with IN-derived peptides secreted IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. The multi-cytokine responses of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells correlated with the loss of in vivo activity of the luciferase reporter gene co-delivered with pVaxIN plasmids. This indicated the capacity of IN-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells to clear IN/reporter co-expressing cells from the injection sites. Thus, the synthetic HIV-1 clade A integrase genes acted as potent immunogens generating polyfunctional Th1-type CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Generation of such response is highly desirable for an effective HIV-1 vaccine as it offers a possibility to attack virus-infected cells via both MHC class I and II pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krotova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia
- WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Starodubova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Kostic
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Agapkina
- WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Hallengärd
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alecia Viklund
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Vadim Karpov
- WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Gottikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor M. Belyakov
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Lukashov
- DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria G. Isaguliants
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Costa C, Saldan A, Cavallo R. Evaluation of virus-specific cellular immune response in transplant patients. World J Virol 2012; 1:150-3. [PMID: 24175220 PMCID: PMC3782278 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v1.i6.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-specific immune responses have a major impact on the outcome of the infection. Viral agents that are characterized by latency, such as herpesviruses and polyomaviruses, require a continuous immune control to reduce the extent of viral reactivation, as viral clearance cannot be accomplished, independently from the anti-viral treatment. In transplant patients, morbidity and mortality related to viral infections are significantly increased. In fact, the key steps of activation of T-cells are major target for anti-rejection immunosuppressive therapy and anti-viral immune response may be altered when infected cells and cellular effectors of immune response coexist in a transplanted organ. The role of cellular immune response in controlling viral replication and the main methods employed for its evaluation will be discussed. In particular, the main features, including both advantages and limitations, of available assays, including intracellular cytokine staining, major histocompatibility complex - multimer-based assays, Elispot assay, and QuantiFERON test, will be described. The potential applications of these assays in the transplant context will be discussed, particularly in relation to cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus BK infection. The relevance of introducing viro-immunological monitoring, beside virological monitoring, in order to identify the risk profile for viral infections in the transplant patients will allows for define a patient-tailored clinical management, particular in terms of modulation of immunosuppressive therapy and anti-viral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Costa
- Cristina Costa, Alda Saldan, Rossana Cavallo, Virology Unit, University Hospital San Giovanni Battista di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Functional avidity: a measure to predict the efficacy of effector T cells? Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:153863. [PMID: 23227083 PMCID: PMC3511839 DOI: 10.1155/2012/153863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The functional avidity is determined by exposing T-cell populations in vitro to different amounts of cognate antigen. T-cells with high functional avidity respond to low antigen doses. This in vitro measure is thought to correlate well with the in vivo effector capacity of T-cells. We here present the multifaceted factors determining and influencing the functional avidity of T-cells. We outline how changes in the functional avidity can occur over the course of an infection. This process, known as avidity maturation, can occur despite the fact that T-cells express a fixed TCR. Furthermore, examples are provided illustrating the importance of generating T-cell populations that exhibit a high functional avidity when responding to an infection or tumors. Furthermore, we discuss whether criteria based on which we evaluate an effective T-cell response to acute infections can also be applied to chronic infections such as HIV. Finally, we also focus on observations that high-avidity T-cells show higher signs of exhaustion and facilitate the emergence of virus escape variants. The review summarizes our current understanding of how this may occur as well as how T-cells of different functional avidity contribute to antiviral and anti-tumor immunity. Enhancing our knowledge in this field is relevant for tumor immunotherapy and vaccines design.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to describe the requirements for clinical laboratories supporting large-scale multinational trials of prophylactic AIDS vaccine trials and review the progress made. RECENT FINDINGS There is an increasing need for laboratories in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean to support internationally initiated and funded clinical trials of preventive HIV vaccine candidates. A number of qualified laboratories are currently supporting AIDS vaccine trials in these regions, although there remains a need to develop capacity further. The standardization of all tests is key in order that data can be pooled and compared across multiple sites and products. Significant progress has been made towards this aim. The recent development of quality programmes including good clinical laboratory practices are key to ensuring data are reliable and meet the requirements of regulatory bodies. In addition, HIV diagnostic tests are being developed to distinguish true HIV infection from vaccine-induced antibodies. SUMMARY Significant advances have been made to develop laboratories capable of supporting multinational AIDS vaccine trials.
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Cheroutre H, Huang Y. Got IELs? Mucosal Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Belyakov IM. Improved SIV DNA vaccine can be effectively used as a boost for Ad5 in prime-boost immunization strategy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:787-90. [PMID: 22913256 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the study under evaluation, optimized SIV DNA were used to boost T-cell responses induced by a highly immunogenic SIV Ad5-prime in Chinese rhesus macaques. A regular prime-boost regimen (SIV DNA-prime and rAd boost) and naive macaques were used as the control. After vaccination, the animals were challenged intrarectally with SIVmac251, and partial protection was observed in the macaques immunized by the Ad5-prime DNA-boost regimen. SIV-specific T-cell responses in the enzyme-linked immunospot assay were significantly higher in the Ad5-prime DNA-boost, compared with the responses in the control macaques. Viral control correlated with the generation of HLA-DR+ T cells 2 weeks after the viral challenge. Further studies using prime and boost strategies and alternative routes of vaccination (including a simultaneous approach) are warranted to fully explore the potential of prime and boost regimens for HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Belyakov
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB, Room 4039, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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40
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Makidon PE, Belyakov IM, Blanco LP, Janczak KW, Landers J, Bielinska AU, Groom JV, Baker JR. Nanoemulsion mucosal adjuvant uniquely activates cytokine production by nasal ciliated epithelium and induces dendritic cell trafficking. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2073-86. [PMID: 22653620 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While the nasal mucosa is a potentially useful site for human immunization, toxin-based nasal adjuvants are generally unsafe and less effective in humans. Safe mucosal adjuvants that activate protective immunity via mucosal administration are highly dependent on barrier antigen sampling by epithelial and DCs. Here, we demonstrate that protein antigens formulated in unique oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NEs) result in distinctive transcellular antigen uptake in ciliated nasal epithelial cells, leading to delivery into nasal associated lymphoid tissue. NE formulation also enhances MHC class II expression in epithelial cells and DC activation/trafficking to regional lymphoid tissues in mice. These materials appear to induce local epithelial cell apoptosis and heterogeneous cytokine production by mucosal epithelial cells and mixed nasal tissues, including G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IP-10, KC, MIP-1a, TGF-β, and TSLP. This is the first observation of a nasal adjuvant that activates calreticulin-associated apoptosis of ciliated nasal epithelial cells to generate broad cytokine/chemokine responses in mucosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Makidon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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41
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Lövgren T, Baumgaertner P, Wieckowski S, Devêvre E, Guillaume P, Luescher I, Rufer N, Speiser DE. Enhanced cytotoxicity and decreased CD8 dependence of human cancer-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes after vaccination with low peptide dose. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:817-26. [PMID: 22080404 PMCID: PMC11029156 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In mice, vaccination with high peptide doses generates higher frequencies of specific CD8+ T cells, but with lower avidity compared to vaccination with lower peptide doses. To investigate the impact of peptide dose on CD8+ T cell responses in humans, melanoma patients were vaccinated with 0.1 or 0.5 mg Melan-A/MART-1 peptide, mixed with CpG 7909 and Incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Neither the kinetics nor the amplitude of the Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cell responses differed between the two vaccination groups. Also, CD8+ T cell differentiation and cytokine production ex vivo were similar in the two groups. Interestingly, after low peptide dose vaccination, Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells showed enhanced degranulation upon peptide stimulation, as assessed by CD107a upregulation and perforin release ex vivo. In accordance, CD8+ T cell clones derived from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients showed significantly increased degranulation and stronger cytotoxicity. In parallel, Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells and clones from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients expressed lower CD8 levels, despite similar or even stronger binding to tetramers. Furthermore, CD8+ T cell clones from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients bound CD8 binding-deficient tetramers more efficiently, suggesting that they may express higher affinity TCRs. We conclude that low peptide dose vaccination generated CD8+ T cell responses with stronger cytotoxicity and lower CD8 dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lövgren
- Clinical Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Unit, Ludwig Center of the University of Lausanne, Hôpital Orthopédique 05/1552, Av. Pierre-Decker 4, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- Clinical Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Unit, Ludwig Center of the University of Lausanne, Hôpital Orthopédique 05/1552, Av. Pierre-Decker 4, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Wieckowski
- University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Devêvre
- Clinical Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Unit, Ludwig Center of the University of Lausanne, Hôpital Orthopédique 05/1552, Av. Pierre-Decker 4, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- Clinical Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Unit, Ludwig Center of the University of Lausanne, Hôpital Orthopédique 05/1552, Av. Pierre-Decker 4, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Luescher
- Clinical Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Unit, Ludwig Center of the University of Lausanne, Hôpital Orthopédique 05/1552, Av. Pierre-Decker 4, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Clinical Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Unit, Ludwig Center of the University of Lausanne, Hôpital Orthopédique 05/1552, Av. Pierre-Decker 4, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Clinical Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Unit, Ludwig Center of the University of Lausanne, Hôpital Orthopédique 05/1552, Av. Pierre-Decker 4, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Fuller DH, Rajakumar P, Che JW, Narendran A, Nyaundi J, Michael H, Yager EJ, Stagnar C, Wahlberg B, Taber R, Haynes JR, Cook FC, Ertl P, Tite J, Amedee AM, Murphey-Corb M. Therapeutic DNA vaccine induces broad T cell responses in the gut and sustained protection from viral rebound and AIDS in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33715. [PMID: 22442716 PMCID: PMC3307760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies that induce durable immune control of chronic HIV infection may eliminate the need for life-long dependence on drugs. We investigated a DNA vaccine formulated with a novel genetic adjuvant that stimulates immune responses in the blood and gut for the ability to improve therapy in rhesus macaques chronically infected with SIV. Using the SIV-macaque model for AIDS, we show that epidermal co-delivery of plasmids expressing SIV Gag, RT, Nef and Env, and the mucosal adjuvant, heat-labile E. coli enterotoxin (LT), during antiretroviral therapy (ART) induced a substantial 2-4-log fold reduction in mean virus burden in both the gut and blood when compared to unvaccinated controls and provided durable protection from viral rebound and disease progression after the drug was discontinued. This effect was associated with significant increases in IFN-γ T cell responses in both the blood and gut and SIV-specific CD8+ T cells with dual TNF-α and cytolytic effector functions in the blood. Importantly, a broader specificity in the T cell response seen in the gut, but not the blood, significantly correlated with a reduction in virus production in mucosal tissues and a lower virus burden in plasma. We conclude that immunizing with vaccines that induce immune responses in mucosal gut tissue could reduce residual viral reservoirs during drug therapy and improve long-term treatment of HIV infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- PowderJect Vaccines, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Premeela Rajakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jenny W. Che
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- PowderJect Vaccines, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amithi Narendran
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Julia Nyaundi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heather Michael
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Yager
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Cristy Stagnar
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Brendon Wahlberg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rachel Taber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joel R. Haynes
- PowderJect Vaccines, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Peter Ertl
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - John Tite
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M. Amedee
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Michael Murphey-Corb
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Keane NM, Roberts SG, Almeida CAM, Krishnan T, Chopra A, Demaine E, Laird R, Tschochner M, Carlson JM, Mallal S, Heckerman D, James I, John M. High-avidity, high-IFNγ-producing CD8 T-cell responses following immune selection during HIV-1 infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:224-34. [PMID: 21577229 PMCID: PMC3173576 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 mutations, which reduce or abolish CTL responses against virus-infected cells, are frequently selected in acute and chronic HIV infection. Among population HIV-1 sequences, immune selection is evident as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele-associated substitutions of amino acids within or near CD8 T-cell epitopes. In these cases, the non-adapted epitope is susceptible to immune recognition until an escape mutation renders the epitope less immunogenic. However, several population-based studies have independently identified HLA-associated viral changes, which lead to the formation of a new T-cell epitope, suggesting that the immune responses that these variants or 'neo-epitopes' elicit provide an evolutionary advantage to the virus rather than the host. Here, we examined the functional characteristics of eight CD8 T-cell responses that result from viral adaptation in 125 HLA-genotyped individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection. Neo-epitopes included well-characterized immunodominant epitopes restricted by common HLA alleles, and in most cases the T-cell responses against the neo-epitope showed significantly greater functional avidity and higher IFNγ production than T cells for non-adapted epitopes, but were not more cytotoxic. Neo-epitope formation and emergence of cognate T-cell response coincident with a rise in viral load was then observed in vivo in an acutely infected individual. These findings show that HIV-1 adaptation not only abrogates the immune recognition of early targeted epitopes, but may also increase immune recognition to other epitopes, which elicit immunodominant but non-protective T-cell responses. These data have implications for immunodominance associated with polyvalent vaccines based on the diversity of chronic HIV-1 sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M Keane
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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45
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Sui Y, Gagnon S, Dzutsev A, Zhu Q, Yu H, Hogg A, Wang Y, Xia Z, Belyakov IM, Venzon D, Klinman D, Strober W, Kelsall B, Franchini G, Berzofsky JA. TLR agonists and/or IL-15 adjuvanted mucosal SIV vaccine reduced gut CD4⁺ memory T cell loss in SIVmac251-challenged rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2011; 30:59-68. [PMID: 22041305 PMCID: PMC3258186 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant plays an important role in increasing and directing vaccine-induced immune responses. In a previous study, we found that a mucosal SIV vaccine using a combination of IL-15 and TLR agonists as adjuvant mediated partial protection against SIVmac251 rectal challenge, whereas neither IL-15 nor TLR agonists alone as an adjuvant impacted the plasma viral loads. In this study, dissociation of CD4(+) T cell preservation with viral loads was observed in the animals vaccinated with adjuvants. Significantly higher levels of memory CD4(+) T cell numbers were preserved after SIVmac251 infection in the colons of the animals vaccinated with vaccine containing any of these adjuvants compared to no adjuvant. When we measured the viral-specific CD8(+) tetramer responses in the colon lamina propria, we found significantly higher levels of gag, tat, and pol epitope tetramer(+) T cell responses in these animals compared to ones without adjuvant, even if some of the animals had similarly high viral loads. Furthermore, this CD4(+) T preservation was positively correlated with increased levels of gag and Tat, but not pol tetramer(+) T cell responses, and inversely correlated with beta-chemokine expression. The pre-challenged APOBEC3G expression level, which has previously been shown inversely associated with viral loads, was further found positively correlated with CD4(+) T cell number preservation. Overall, these data highlight one unrecognized role of adjuvant in HIV vaccine development, and show that vaccines can produce a surprising discordance between CD4(+) T cell levels and SIV viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan Gagnon
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amiran Dzutsev
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Qing Zhu
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Huifeng Yu
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alison Hogg
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zheng Xia
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Igor M. Belyakov
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David Venzon
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dennis Klinman
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Warren Strober
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Brian Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Mucosal memory CD8⁺ T cells are selected in the periphery by an MHC class I molecule. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:1086-95. [PMID: 21964609 PMCID: PMC3197978 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The presence of immune memory at pathogen-entry sites is a prerequisite for protection. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that warrant immunity at peripheral interfaces are not understood. Here we show that the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule thymus leukemia antigen (TL), induced on dendritic cells interacting with CD8αα on activated CD8αβ(+) T cells, mediated affinity-based selection of memory precursor cells. Furthermore, constitutive expression of TL on epithelial cells led to continued selection of mature CD8αβ(+) memory T cells. The memory process driven by TL and CD8αα was essential for the generation of CD8αβ(+) memory T cells in the intestine and the accumulation of highly antigen-sensitive CD8αβ(+) memory T cells that form the first line of defense at the largest entry port for pathogens.
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Berger CT, Frahm N, Price DA, Mothe B, Ghebremichael M, Hartman KL, Henry LM, Brenchley JM, Ruff LE, Venturi V, Pereyra F, Sidney J, Sette A, Douek DC, Walker BD, Kaufmann DE, Brander C. High-functional-avidity cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to HLA-B-restricted Gag-derived epitopes associated with relative HIV control. J Virol 2011; 85:9334-45. [PMID: 21752903 PMCID: PMC3165743 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00460-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with high levels of functional avidity have been associated with viral clearance in hepatitis C virus infection and with enhanced antiviral protective immunity in animal models. However, the role of functional avidity as a determinant of HIV-specific CTL efficacy remains to be assessed. Here we measured the functional avidities of HIV-specific CTL responses targeting 20 different, optimally defined CTL epitopes restricted by 13 different HLA class I alleles in a cohort comprising 44 HIV controllers and 68 HIV noncontrollers. Responses restricted by HLA-B alleles and responses targeting epitopes located in HIV Gag exhibited significantly higher functional avidities than responses restricted by HLA-A or HLA-C molecules (P = 0.0003) or responses targeting epitopes outside Gag (P < 0.0001). The functional avidities of Gag-specific and HLA-B-restricted responses were higher in HIV controllers than in noncontrollers (P = 0.014 and P = 0.018) and were not restored in HIV noncontrollers initiating antiretroviral therapy. T-cell receptor (TCR) analyses revealed narrower TCR repertoires in higher-avidity CTL populations, which were dominated by public TCR sequences in HIV controllers. Together, these data link the presence of high-avidity Gag-specific and HLA-B-restricted CTL responses with viral suppression in vivo and provide new insights into the immune parameters that mediate spontaneous control of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph T. Berger
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/NIAID HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), Seattle, Washington
| | - David A. Price
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- Lluita contra la Sida Foundation, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Musie Ghebremichael
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kari L. Hartman
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leah M. Henry
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura E. Ruff
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vanessa Venturi
- Computational Biology Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Florencia Pereyra
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Daniel E. Kaufmann
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian Brander
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Liard C, Munier S, Arias M, Joulin-Giet A, Bonduelle O, Duffy D, Shattock RJ, Verrier B, Combadière B. Targeting of HIV-p24 particle-based vaccine into differential skin layers induces distinct arms of the immune responses. Vaccine 2011; 29:6379-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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Antigen sensitivity and T-cell receptor avidity as critical determinants of HIV control. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2011; 6:157-62. [PMID: 21399498 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0b013e3283453dfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Induction of highly effective T cells capable of performing elite control of HIV replication represents a major goal of vaccinology. Here, we review the recent evidence supporting the central role of antigen sensitivity and T-cell receptor (TCR) avidity in determining anti-HIV T-cell efficacy. We discuss why the modulation of these factors represents an interesting approach for the rational design of HIV vaccines. RECENT FINDINGS The qualitative attributes of T-cell efficacy against HIV are closely related to the sensitivity of the cells for their cognate antigen, which appears essential to control viral replication in HIV-infected patients and is in turn strongly influenced by TCR avidity. High antigen sensitivity and TCR avidity present also potential caveats, notably T-cell clonal exhaustion and rapid emergence of escape variants. SUMMARY The central role of antigen sensitivity and TCR avidity in determining the quality of T-cell responses against HIV represents a new development in our understanding of the immune control of HIV, and the quest for an effective vaccine. Strategies to improve T-cell efficacy in vaccination approaches may rely on selecting T cells with high antigen sensitivity during priming.
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50
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Girard MP, Osmanov S, Assossou OM, Kieny MP. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunopathogenesis and vaccine development: a review. Vaccine 2011; 29:6191-218. [PMID: 21718747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a safe, effective and globally affordable HIV vaccine offers the best hope for the future control of the HIV-1 pandemic. Since 1987, scores of candidate HIV-1 vaccines have been developed which elicited varying degrees of protective responses in nonhuman primate models, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live vectored recombinant vaccines and various prime-boost combinations. Four of these candidate vaccines have been tested for efficacy in human volunteers, but, to the exception of the recent RV144 Phase III trial in Thailand, which elicited a modest but statistically significant level of protection against infection, none has shown efficacy in preventing HIV-1 infection or in controlling virus replication and delaying progression of disease in humans. Protection against infection was observed in the RV144 trial, but intensive research is needed to try to understand the protective immune mechanisms at stake. Building-up on the results of the RV144 trial and deciphering what possibly are the immune correlates of protection are the top research priorities of the moment, which will certainly accelerate the development of an highly effective vaccine that could be used in conjunction with other HIV prevention and treatment strategies. This article reviews the state of the art of HIV vaccine development and discusses the formidable scientific challenges met in this endeavor, in the context of a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Girard
- University Paris 7, French National Academy of Medicine, 39 rue Seignemartin, FR 69008 Lyon, France.
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