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Li X, Xiong Q, Yang Q, Shi J, Han Y, Dong Y, Qian J, Qian Z, Wang H, Wang T, Wu F. PTPRO inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 718:150083. [PMID: 38735138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe manifestation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), represent critical clinical syndromes with multifactorial origins, notably stemming from sepsis within intensive care units (ICUs). Despite their high mortality rates, no selective cure is available beside ventilation support. Apoptosis plays a complex and pivotal role in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury. Excessive apoptosis of alveolar epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells can lead to disruption of lung epithelial barrier integrity, impairing the body's ability to exchange blood and gas. At the same time, apoptosis of damaged or dysfunctional cells, including endothelial and epithelial cells, can help maintain tissue integrity and accelerate recovery from organ pro-inflammatory stress. The balance between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signals in lung injury determines patient outcomes, making the modulation of apoptosis an area of intense research in the quest for more effective therapies. Here we found that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO), a poorly understood receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase, is consistently upregulated in multiple tissue types of mice under septic conditions and in the lung alveolar epithelial cells. PTPRO reduction by its selective short-interfering RNA (siRNA) leads to excessive apoptosis in lung alveolar epithelial cells without affecting cell proliferation. Consistently PTPRO overexpression by a DNA construct attenuates apoptotic signaling induced by LPS. These effects of PTPTO on cellular apoptosis are dependent on an ErbB2/PI3K/Akt/NFκB signaling pathway. Here we revealed a novel regulatory pathway of cellular apoptosis by PTPRO in lung alveolar epithelial cells during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qianqian Xiong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuhong Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City, Fuyang, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yishu Dong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Fengjiao Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China.
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2
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Zhou Y, Yao Z, Lin Y, Zhang H. From Tyrosine Kinases to Tyrosine Phosphatases: New Therapeutic Targets in Cancers and Beyond. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:888. [PMID: 39065585 PMCID: PMC11279542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate the level of tyrosine phosphorylation in proteins. PTKs are key enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an ATP phosphoric acid to a tyrosine residue on target protein substrates. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are responsible for the dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues and play a role in countering PTK overactivity. As widespread oncogenes, PTKs were once considered to be promising targets for therapy. However, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) now face a number of challenges, including drug resistance and toxic side effects. Treatment strategies now need to be developed from a new perspective. In this review, we assess the current state of TKIs and highlight the role of PTPs in cancer and other diseases. With the advances of allosteric inhibition and the development of multiple alternative proprietary drug strategies, the reputation of PTPs as "undruggable" targets has been overturned, and they are now considered viable therapeutic targets. We also discuss the strategies and prospects of PTP-targeted therapy, as well as its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510660, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510660, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
- Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai 511436, China
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3
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Dai Y, Shi S, Liu H, Zhou H, Ding W, Liu C, Jin L, Xie W, Kong H, Zhang Q. Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO represses lung adenocarcinoma progression by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and restraining tumor metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:11. [PMID: 38182570 PMCID: PMC10770368 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that protein activities regulated by receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are crucial for a variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and immunological response. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO), an RPTP, has been revealed as a putative suppressor in the development of particular tumors. However, the function and the underlying mechanisms of PTPRO in regulating of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are not well understood. In this view, the present work investigated the role of PTPRO in LUAD. Analysis of 90 pairs of clinical LUAD specimens revealed significantly lower PTPRO levels in LUAD compared with adjacent non-tumor tissue, as well as a negative correlation of PTPRO expression with tumor size and TNM stage. Survival analyses demonstrated that PTPRO level can help stratify the prognosis of LUAD patients. Furthermore, PTPRO overexpression was found to suppress the progression of LUAD both in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell death via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, downregulating protein expression of molecules (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3/9, cleaved-PARP and Bid) essential in cell survival. Additionally, PTPRO decreased LUAD migration and invasion by regulating proteins involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail). Moreover, PTPRO was shown to restrain JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Expression of PTPRO was negatively correlated with p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Bcl-2, and Snail levels in LUAD tumor samples. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of PTPRO in LUAD was significant but compromised in STAT3-deficient cells. These data support the remarkable suppressive role of PTPRO in LUAD, which may represent a viable therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqiu Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linling Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Sloan SL, Brown F, Long M, Weigel C, Koirala S, Chung JH, Pray B, Villagomez L, Hinterschied C, Sircar A, Helmig-Mason J, Prouty A, Brooks E, Youssef Y, Hanel W, Parekh S, Chan WK, Chen Z, Lapalombella R, Sehgal L, Vaddi K, Scherle P, Chen-Kiang S, Di Liberto M, Elemento O, Meydan C, Foox J, Butler D, Mason CE, Baiocchi RA, Alinari L. PRMT5 supports multiple oncogenic pathways in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2023; 142:887-902. [PMID: 37267517 PMCID: PMC10517215 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy with an overall poor prognosis, particularly for patients that progress on targeted therapies. Novel, more durable treatment options are needed for patients with MCL. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is overexpressed in MCL and plays an important oncogenic role in this disease via epigenetic and posttranslational modification of cell cycle regulators, DNA repair genes, components of prosurvival pathways, and RNA splicing regulators. The mechanism of targeting PRMT5 in MCL remains incompletely characterized. Here, we report on the antitumor activity of PRMT5 inhibition in MCL using integrated transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo models of MCL. Treatment with a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PRMT5, PRT-382, led to growth arrest and cell death and provided a therapeutic benefit in xenografts derived from patients with MCL. Transcriptional reprograming upon PRMT5 inhibition led to restored regulatory activity of the cell cycle (p-RB/E2F), apoptotic cell death (p53-dependent/p53-independent), and activation of negative regulators of B-cell receptor-PI3K/AKT signaling (PHLDA3, PTPROt, and PIK3IP1). We propose pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL and identify MTAP/CDKN2A deletion and wild-type TP53 as biomarkers that predict a favorable response. Selective targeting of PRMT5 has significant activity in preclinical models of MCL and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Sloan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Fiona Brown
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mackenzie Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christoph Weigel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shirsha Koirala
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Betsy Pray
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lynda Villagomez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Claire Hinterschied
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anuvrat Sircar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alexander Prouty
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Eric Brooks
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samir Parekh
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maurizio Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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5
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Genome-wide association study biomarkers in T-cell mediated rejection: selective effect according to the Banff classification. J Nephrol 2022; 36:809-815. [PMID: 35947357 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in kidney transplant recipients reported the association of two polymorphisms located in the PTPRO gene and upstream of the CCDC67 (DEUP1) gene with increased risk of acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR). We aimed at replicating the assessment of mentioned associations and additionally ascertaining the influence of treatment and clinical features of the patients. METHODS The polymorphisms, PTPRO-rs7976329 and CCDC67-rs10765602 were genotyped by TaqMan chemistry in 641 consecutive kidney transplant recipients. The diagnosis of rejection was confirmed by biopsy and categorized according to the Banff classification. Associations were evaluated by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test when necessary and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Considering the GWAS study we only replicated the association of the PTPRO-rs7976329*C allele in the Banff grade < II subjects. However, the homozygous mutant genotypes of both polymorphism seemed to increase the risk of TCMR Banff grade < II in the overall cohort and after stratification by Thymoglobulin induction therapy. In the multivariate analysis, we confirmed the association of PTPRO-rs7976329 with TCMR Banff grade < II, independently of the Thymoglobulin induction therapy and of CCDC67-rs10765602 only in the group of patients not receiving Thymoglobulin induction therapy. No association of these polymorphisms with TCMR Banff grade ≥ II was observed in either the overall cohort or in the subgroups stratified by Thymoglobulin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the increased risk of TCMR related to polymorphisms PTPRO-rs7976329 and CCDC67-rs10765602 previously reported in a GWAS was replicated only in homozygous patients who presented TCMR Banff grade < II and for the minor allele of either polymorphism.
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6
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Dai W, Xiang W, Han L, Yuan Z, Wang R, Ma Y, Yang Y, Cai S, Xu Y, Mo S, Li Q, Cai G. PTPRO represses colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and progression by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:848-867. [PMID: 35904817 PMCID: PMC9456702 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) has been reported to be a crucial cause of cancer. As a member of PTPs, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) has been revealed to play tumor suppressive roles in several cancers, while its roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be elucidated. Hence, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of PTPRO in CRC initiation and progression. METHODS The influences of PTPRO on the growth and liver metastasis of CRC cells and the expression patterns of different lipid metabolism enzymes were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Molecular and biological experiments were conducted to uncover the underpinning mechanisms of dysregulated de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation. RESULTS PTPRO expression was notably downregulated in CRC liver metastasis compared to the primary cancer, and such a downregulation was associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. PTPRO silencing significantly promoted cell growth and liver metastasis. Compared with PTPRO wild-type mice, PTPRO-knockout mice developed more tumors and harbored larger tumor loads under treatment with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that PTPRO downregulation was significantly associated with the fatty acid metabolism pathways. Blockage of fatty acid synthesis abrogated the effects of PTPRO silencing on cell growth and liver metastasis. Further experiments indicated that PTPRO silencing induced the activation of the AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis, thus promoting de novo lipogenesis by enhancing the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and its target lipogenic enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC1) by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, PTPRO attenuation decreased the fatty acid oxidation rate by repressing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and its downstream enzyme peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) via activating the p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS PTPRO could suppress CRC development and metastasis via modulating the AKT/mTOR/SREBP1/ACC1 and MAPK/PPARα/ACOX1 pathways and reprogramming lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zixu Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 528406, P. R. China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Mo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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7
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Dhande IS, Braun MC, Doris PA. Emerging Insights Into Chronic Renal Disease Pathogenesis in Hypertension From Human and Animal Genomic Studies. Hypertension 2021; 78:1689-1700. [PMID: 34757770 PMCID: PMC8577298 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic links between elevated blood pressure and chronic kidney disease remain obscure. This article examines progress in population genetics and in animal models of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. It also provides a critique of the application of genome-wide association studies to understanding the heritability of renal function. Emerging themes identified indicate that heritable risk of chronic kidney disease in hypertension can arise from genetic variation in (1) glomerular and tubular protein handling mechanisms; (2) autoregulatory capacity of the renal vasculature; and (3) innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Increased prevalence of hypertension-associated chronic kidney disease that occurs with aging may reflect amplification of heritable risks by normal aging processes affecting immunity and autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S. Dhande
- Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC, Houston (I.S.D., P.A.D.)
| | - Michael C. Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.C.B.)
| | - Peter A. Doris
- Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC, Houston (I.S.D., P.A.D.)
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8
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Xie F, Dong H, Zhang H. Regulatory Functions of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type O in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:783370. [PMID: 34880876 PMCID: PMC8645932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.783370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family are key regulators in multiple signal transduction pathways and therefore they play important roles in many cellular processes, including immune response. As a member of PTP family, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) belongs to the R3 receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases. The expression of PTPRO isoforms is tissue-specific and the truncated PTPRO (PTPROt) is mainly observed in hematopoietic cells, including B cells, T cells, macrophages and other immune cells. Therefore, PTPROt may play an important role in immune cells by affecting their growth, differentiation, activation and immune responses. In this review, we will focus on the regulatory roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of PTPRO/PTPROt in immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Xie
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Ren A, Sun J, Yin W, Westerberg LS, Miller H, Lee P, Candotti F, Guan F, Lei J, Gong Q, Chen Y, Liu C. Signaling networks in B cell development and related therapeutic strategies. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:877-891. [PMID: 34528729 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru0221-088rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are essential for Ab production during humoral immune responses. From decades of B cell research, there is now a detailed understanding of B cell subsets, development, functions, and most importantly, signaling pathways. The complicated pathways in B cells and their interactions with each other are stage-dependent, varying with surface marker expression during B cell development. With the increasing understanding of B cell development and signaling pathways, the mechanisms underlying B cell related diseases are being unraveled as well, making it possible to provide more precise and effective treatments. In this review, we describe several essential and recently discovered signaling pathways in B cell development and take a look at newly developed therapeutic strategies targeted at B cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Miller
- The Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Kambaru A, Chaudhary N. Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Regulation of Cell Signaling Cascades Affecting Tumor Cell Growth: A Future Perspective as Anti- Cancer Drug Target. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:920-931. [PMID: 34375185 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210810094739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP) superfamily is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of growth-related cell signaling cascades, such as the RAS/MAPK pathway, that directly affect cancer cell growth and metastasis. Several studies have indicated that the drug resistance observed in several late-stage tumors might also be affected by the levels of PTP in the cell. Hence, these phosphatases have been in the limelight for the past few decades as potential drug-targets and several promising drug candidates have been developed, even though none of these drugs have reached the market yet. In this review, we explore the potential of PTP as a viable anti-cancer drug target by studying PTPs, their regulation of several key cancer cell signaling pathways and how their levels affect various types of cancer. Furthermore, we present the current scenario of PTP as a molecular target and the various challenges faced in the development of PTP-targeting anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidhee Chaudhary
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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11
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TCL1A, B Cell Regulation and Tolerance in Renal Transplantation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061367. [PMID: 34206047 PMCID: PMC8230170 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite much progress in the management of kidney transplantation, the need for life-long immunosuppressive therapies remains a major issue representing many risks for patients. Operational tolerance, defined as allograft acceptance without immunosuppression, has logically been subject to many investigations with the aim of a better understanding of post-transplantation mechanisms and potentially how it would be induced in patients. Among proposed biomarkers, T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A) has been observed as overexpressed in the peripheral blood of operational tolerant patients in several studies. TCL1A expression is restricted to early B cells, also increased in the blood of tolerant patients, and showing regulatory properties, notably through IL-10 secretion for some subsets. TCL1A has first been identified as an oncogene, overexpression of which is associated to the development of T and B cell cancer. TCL1A acts as a coactivator of the serine threonine kinase Akt and through other interactions favoring cell survival, growth, and proliferation. It has also been identified as interacting with others major actors involved in B cells differentiation and regulation, including IL-10 production. Herein, we reviewed known interactions and functions of TCL1A in B cells which could involve its potential role in the set up and maintenance of renal allograft tolerance.
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12
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Cargnin S, Galli U, Lee KS, Shin JI, Terrazzino S. Gene polymorphisms and risk of acute renal graft rejection: A field synopsis of meta-analyses and genome-wide association studies. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2020; 34:100548. [PMID: 32498977 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2020.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we systematically re-analyzed results from meta-analyses and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to assess the credibility of genetic associations with acute rejection risk in renal transplantation. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane library, and Open Grey up to July 2019. Methodological quality of systematic meta-analyses was assessed by the AMSTAR tool. Credibility of genetic associations was assessed by employing the Venice criteria and two Bayesian statistical approaches, the false positive report probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP). Sixteen systematic meta-analyses, with a moderate-high quality score (median AMSTAR score: 9, range: 6-11) and 1 GWAS fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, our systematic re-analysis has identified 9 polymorphic variants in 8 genes (ACE, CD28, CTLA-4, CYP3A5, IFNG, TNF-α, PTPRO and CCDC67) as potential risk factors for acute renal graft rejection. At the pre-specified prior probability of 0.001, the 2 SNPs identified by the GWAS (rs7976329 and rs10765602) showed no evidence of noteworthiness under FPRP or BFDP, indicating the possibility of false-positive associations. After applying the Venice criteria in combination with FPRP and BFDP to results from systematic meta-analyses, TT/AT vs AA of IFNG +874 T/A reached moderate epidemiological credibility, while weak evidence of association was found for all the other genetic comparisons. Well-designed GWASs and large replication studies with updated meta-analyses are still needed to identify reliable genetic predictors of acute renal graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cargnin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (CRIFF), University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy.
| | - Ubaldina Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Kwang Seob Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Salvatore Terrazzino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (CRIFF), University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy.
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13
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Fearnley GW, Young KA, Edgar JR, Antrobus R, Hay IM, Liang WC, Martinez-Martin N, Lin W, Deane JE, Sharpe HJ. The homophilic receptor PTPRK selectively dephosphorylates multiple junctional regulators to promote cell-cell adhesion. eLife 2019; 8:44597. [PMID: 30924770 PMCID: PMC6440744 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication in multicellular organisms depends on the dynamic and reversible phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues. The receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) receive cues from the extracellular environment and are well placed to influence cell signaling. However, the direct events downstream of these receptors have been challenging to resolve. We report here that the homophilic receptor PTPRK is stabilized at cell-cell contacts in epithelial cells. By combining interaction studies, quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics, proximity labeling and dephosphorylation assays we identify high confidence PTPRK substrates. PTPRK directly and selectively dephosphorylates at least five substrates, including Afadin, PARD3 and δ-catenin family members, which are all important cell-cell adhesion regulators. In line with this, loss of PTPRK phosphatase activity leads to disrupted cell junctions and increased invasive characteristics. Thus, identifying PTPRK substrates provides insight into its downstream signaling and a potential molecular explanation for its proposed tumor suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Fearnley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Young
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iain M Hay
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ching Liang
- Antibody Engineering Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - WeiYu Lin
- Antibody Engineering Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley J Sharpe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Sasi BK, Martines C, Xerxa E, Porro F, Kalkan H, Fazio R, Turkalj S, Bojnik E, Pyrzynska B, Stachura J, Zerrouqi A, Bobrowicz M, Winiarska M, Priebe V, Bertoni F, Mansouri L, Rosenquist R, Efremov DG. Inhibition of SYK or BTK augments venetoclax sensitivity in SHP1-negative/BCL-2-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2019; 33:2416-2428. [PMID: 30872780 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax has only limited activity in DLBCL despite frequent BCL-2 overexpression. Since constitutive activation of the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway has been reported in both ABC and GCB DLBCL, we investigated whether targeting SYK or BTK will increase sensitivity of DLBCL cells to venetoclax. We report that pharmacological inhibition of SYK or BTK synergistically enhances venetoclax sensitivity in BCL-2-positive DLBCL cell lines with an activated BCR pathway in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo, despite the only modest direct cytotoxic effect. We further show that these sensitizing effects are associated with inhibition of the downstream PI3K/AKT pathway and changes in the expression of MCL-1, BIM, and HRK. In addition, we show that BCR-dependent GCB DLBCL cells are characterized by deficiency of the phosphatase SHP1, a key negative regulator of the BCR pathway. Re-expression of SHP1 in GCB DBLCL cells reduces SYK, BLNK, and GSK3 phosphorylation and induces corresponding changes in MCL1, BIM, and HRK expression. Together, these findings suggest that SHP1 deficiency is responsible for the constitutive activation of the BCR pathway in GCB DLBCL and identify SHP1 and BCL-2 as potential predictive markers for response to treatment with a venetoclax/BCR inhibitor combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu K Sasi
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Martines
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Xerxa
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabiola Porro
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hilal Kalkan
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rosa Fazio
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sven Turkalj
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Engin Bojnik
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beata Pyrzynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stachura
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Larry Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.
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15
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Shalev M, Elson A. The roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in bone-resorbing osteoclasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:114-123. [PMID: 30026076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the proper balance between osteoblast-mediated production of bone and its degradation by osteoclasts is essential for health. Osteoclasts are giant phagocytic cells that are formed by fusion of monocyte-macrophage precursor cells; mature osteoclasts adhere to bone tightly and secrete protons and proteases that degrade its matrix. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in proteins, which is regulated by the biochemically-antagonistic activities of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), is central in regulating the production of osteoclasts and their bone-resorbing activity. Here we review the roles of individual PTPs of the classical and dual-specificity sub-families that are known to support these processes (SHP2, cyt-PTPe, PTPRO, PTP-PEST, CD45) or to inhibit them (SHP1, PTEN, MKP1). Characterizing the functions of PTPs in osteoclasts is essential for complete molecular level understanding of bone resorption and for designing novel therapeutic approaches for treating bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Shalev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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16
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Wang H, Baladandayuthapani V, Wang Z, Lin H, Berkova Z, Davis RE, Yang L, Orlowski RZ. Truncated protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O suppresses AKT signaling through IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 and confers sensitivity to bortezomib in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113858-113873. [PMID: 29371952 PMCID: PMC5768369 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are an important part of our chemotherapeutic armamentarium against multiple myeloma, but the vast majority of patients eventually develop drug-resistant disease through incompletely understood mechanisms. Comparison of gene expression profiles (GEPs) of bortezomib-resistant (BR) myeloma cell lines with their drug-naïve counterparts revealed decreased expression of truncated Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type O (PTPROt) in BR cells. Over-expression of wild-type PTPROt in drug-naïve and BR cells reduced myeloma cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and sensitized cells to bortezomib and to alkylating agents. PTPROt expression reduced AKT phosphorylation and activity, and sensitized to pharmacologic AKT pathway inhibitors, but this was not the case for a substrate-trapping catalytic domain-inactivating mutant. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry studies identified IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as a PTPROt binding partner, and PTPROt reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of IQGAP1, providing a link to AKT activity. Analysis of clinically annotated GEP databases identified high PTPROt expression as being related to an increased likelihood of achieving complete remission with bortezomib therapy, while low expression was linked to a greater likelihood of disease progression. Finally, high PTPROt expression associated with prolonged median overall survival in patients receiving bortezomib-based therapy in the front-line or relapsed and/or refractory settings. Taken together, these data identify PTPROt suppression as a novel mechanism of myeloma resistance to bortezomib in myeloma cell lines, and also support the possibility that PTPROt expression could be used as a biomarker to predict outcomes with bortezomib, and by which to select patients for therapy with AKT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zuzana Berkova
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E. Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Robert Z. Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Eldeeb MA, Leitao LCA, Fahlman RP. Emerging branches of the N-end rule pathways are revealing the sequence complexities of N-termini dependent protein degradation. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:289-294. [PMID: 29253354 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-end rule links the identity of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein to its in vivo half-life, as some N-terminal residues confer metabolic instability to a protein via their recognition by the cellular machinery that targets them for degradation. Since its discovery, the N-end rule has generally been defined as set of rules of whether an N-terminal residue is stabilizing or not. However, recent studies are revealing that the N-terminal code of amino acids conferring protein instability is more complex than previously appreciated, as recent investigations are revealing that the identity of adjoining downstream residues can also influence the metabolic stability of N-end rule substrate. This is exemplified by the recent discovery of a new branch of N-end rule pathways that target proteins bearing N-terminal proline. In addition, recent investigations are demonstrating that the molecular machinery in N-termini dependent protein degradation may also target proteins for lysosomal degradation, in addition to proteasome-dependent degradation. Herein, we describe some of the recent advances in N-end rule pathways and discuss some of the implications regarding the emerging additional sequence requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Eldeeb
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.,b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Luana C A Leitao
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Richard P Fahlman
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.,c Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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18
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Meeusen B, Janssens V. Tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer: Emerging targets for therapeutic intervention and tumor stratification. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:98-134. [PMID: 29031806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein phosphorylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, and in many cases a prerequisite to sustain tumor development and progression. Like protein kinases, protein phosphatases are key regulators of cell signaling. However, their contribution to aberrant signaling in cancer cells is overall less well appreciated, and therefore, their clinical potential remains largely unexploited. In this review, we provide an overview of tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer. Along their mechanisms of inactivation in defined cancer contexts, we give an overview of their functional roles in diverse signaling pathways that contribute to their tumor suppressive abilities. Finally, we discuss their emerging roles as predictive or prognostic markers, their potential as synthetic lethality targets, and the current feasibility of their reactivation with pharmacologic compounds as promising new cancer therapies. We conclude that their inclusion in clinical practice has obvious potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcome in various ways, and should now definitely be pushed forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Abstract
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is a clinical and biological heterogeneous disease including systemic ALK positive and ALK negative entities. Whereas ALK positive ALCLs are molecularly characterized and readily diagnosed, specific immunophenotypic or genetic features to define ALK negative ALCL are missing, and their distinction from other T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs) can be controversial. In recent years, great advances have been made in dissecting the heterogeneity of ALK negative ALCLs and in providing new diagnostic and treatment options for these patients. A new revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification promoted ALK negative ALCL to a definite entity that includes cytogenetic subsets with prognostic implications. However, a further understanding of the genetic landscape of ALK negative ALCL is required to dictate more effective therapeutic strategies specifically tailored for each subgroup of patients.
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20
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Alternative splicing discriminates molecular subtypes and has prognostic impact in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e596. [PMID: 28841210 PMCID: PMC5596382 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effect of alternative splicing (AS) on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pathogenesis and survival has not been systematically addressed. Here, we compared differentially expressed genes and exons in association with survival after chemoimmunotherapy, and between germinal center B-cell like (GCB) and activated B-cell like (ABC) DLBCLs. Genome-wide exon array-based screen was performed from samples of 38 clinically high-risk patients who were treated in a Nordic phase II study with dose-dense chemoimmunotherapy and central nervous system prophylaxis. The exon expression profile separated the patients according to molecular subgroups and survival better than the gene expression profile. Pathway analyses revealed enrichment of AS genes in inflammation and adhesion-related processes, and in signal transduction, such as phosphatidylinositol signaling system and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters. Altogether, 49% of AS-related exons were protein coding, and domain prediction showed 28% of such exons to include a functional domain, such as transmembrane helix domain or phosphorylation sites. Validation in an independent cohort of 92 DLBCL samples subjected to RNA-sequencing confirmed differential exon usage of selected genes and association of AS with molecular subtypes and survival. The results indicate that AS events are able to discriminate GCB and ABC DLBCLs and have prognostic impact in DLBCL.
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21
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Ming F, Sun Q. Epigenetically silenced PTPRO functions as a prognostic marker and tumor suppressor in human lung squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:746-754. [PMID: 28586036 PMCID: PMC5482203 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type O (PTPRO), a member of the PTP family, has been frequently reported as potential tumor suppressor in many types of cancer. However, the exact function of PTPRO in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unclear. Bisulfite sequencing and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to identify the methylation status of PTPRO in LSCC cells, and quantitative methylation specific PCR was used to evaluate the methylation levels of PTPRO in LSCC patients. Stably expressing PTPRO vectors were constructed and transfected into H520 and SK-MES-1 cells, followed by MTT and colony formation assays, and analysis of tumor weight and volume in in vivo mouse xenograft models. The present study demonstrated that the CpG island of PTPRO exon 1 was obviously hypermethylated in LSCC cells and tissues. The mRNA expression of PTPRO could be restored by treatment with a demethylation agent. Increased methylation and decreased mRNA levels of PTPRO were observed in LSCC samples compared with adjacent healthy tissues, and were associated with poor prognosis of patients. The mRNA expression of PTPRO was negatively correlated with its methylation level in tumors. Functionally, ectopic PTPRO expression in LSCC cells significantly inhibited the proliferation rates, and colony formation, in comparison with control and non-transfected cells. In vivo assays confirmed the inhibitory effect of PTPRO on LSCC cell growth. In conclusion, these data provided evidence that epigenetic regulation of PTPRO impairs its tumor suppressor role in LSCC, and restoration of PTPRO may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ming
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Qianqiang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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22
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Wakim J, Arman E, Becker-Herman S, Kramer MP, Bakos E, Shachar I, Elson A. The PTPROt tyrosine phosphatase functions as an obligate haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in vivo in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncogene 2017; 36:3686-3694. [PMID: 28166196 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine phosphatase PTPROt is a suggested tumor suppressor (TS) in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and its expression is reduced in this disease. In order to examine how reduced PTPROt expression affects CLL in vivo we induced CLL in PTPROt-targeted mice. Unexpectedly, loss of both Ptprot alleles delayed disease detection and progression and lengthened survival relative to mice carrying two intact alleles, indicating that PTPROt fulfills a novel tumor-promoting role in CLL. Tumor cells from mice lacking PTPROt exhibited reduced B-cell receptor (BCR)-induced signaling, as well as increased apoptosis and autophagy. Inhibition of BCR/Src signaling in CLL cells induced their apoptosis, indicating that these findings are linked causally. These results suggest a cell-autonomous mechanism for the weakened CLL phenotype of PTPROt-deficient mice and uncover non-redundant roles for PTPROt in support of BCR signaling and survival of CLL cells. In contrast, loss of only one Ptprot allele induced earlier detection and progression of CLL and reduced survival, consistent with a tumor-suppressing role for PTPROt. Tumor cells from mice lacking one or both Ptprot allele exhibited increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression and signaling, factors known to support CLL; cells lacking one Ptprot alleles exhibited normal BCR signaling and cell death rates. We conclude that loss of one Ptprot allele promotes CLL, most likely by activating IL-10 signaling. Loss of both Ptprot alleles also reduces BCR signaling and increases cell death rates, offsetting the IL-10 effects and reducing the severity of the disease. PTPROt thus functions as an obligate haploinsufficient TS in CLL, where its expression levels determine its role as a promoter or inhibitor of the tumorigenic process in mice. Partial loss of PTPROt generates the strongest disease phenotype, suggesting that its intermediate expression levels in CLL are selected for.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wakim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Arman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Becker-Herman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M P Kramer
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Bakos
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Shachar
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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23
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Ghisdal L, Baron C, Lebranchu Y, Viklický O, Konarikova A, Naesens M, Kuypers D, Dinic M, Alamartine E, Touchard G, Antoine T, Essig M, Rerolle JP, Merville P, Taupin JL, Le Meur Y, Grall‐Jezequel A, Glowacki F, Noël C, Legendre C, Anglicheau D, Broeders N, Coppieters W, Docampo E, Georges M, Ajarchouh Z, Massart A, Racapé J, Abramowicz D, Abramowicz M. Genome-Wide Association Study of Acute Renal Graft Rejection. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:201-209. [PMID: 27272414 PMCID: PMC5215306 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute renal rejection is a major risk factor for chronic allograft dysfunction and long-term graft loss. We performed a genome-wide association study to detect loci associated with biopsy-proven acute T cell-mediated rejection occurring in the first year after renal transplantation. In a discovery cohort of 4127 European renal allograft recipients transplanted in eight European centers, we used a DNA pooling approach to compare 275 cases and 503 controls. In an independent replication cohort of 2765 patients transplanted in two European countries, we identified 313 cases and 531 controls, in whom we genotyped individually the most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the discovery cohort. In the discovery cohort, we found five candidate loci tagged by a number of contiguous SNPs (more than five) that was never reached in iterative in silico permutations of our experimental data. In the replication cohort, two loci remained significantly associated with acute rejection in both univariate and multivariate analysis. One locus encompasses PTPRO, coding for a receptor-type tyrosine kinase essential for B cell receptor signaling. The other locus involves ciliary gene CCDC67, in line with the emerging concept of a shared building design between the immune synapse and the primary cilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Ghisdal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and TransplantationHôpital Erasme (Université Libre de Bruxelles)BrusselsBelgium,Present address: Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier EpiCURABaudourBelgium
| | - C. Baron
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de ToursToursFrance
| | - Y. Lebranchu
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de ToursToursFrance
| | - O. Viklický
- Department of NephrologyTransplant CentreInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - A. Konarikova
- Department of NephrologyTransplant CentreInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - M. Naesens
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyKU LeuvenUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - D. Kuypers
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyKU LeuvenUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - M. Dinic
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint‐EtienneSaint‐EtienneFrance
| | - E. Alamartine
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint‐EtienneSaint‐EtienneFrance
| | - G. Touchard
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - T. Antoine
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - M. Essig
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, TransplantationCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges and INSERM UMR 850 (Université de Limoges)LimogesFrance
| | - J. P. Rerolle
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, TransplantationCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges and INSERM UMR 850 (Université de Limoges)LimogesFrance
| | - P. Merville
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - J. L. Taupin
- Department of Immunology and HistocompatibilityHôpital Saint‐LouisParisFrance
| | - Y. Le Meur
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire la Cavale blancheBrestFrance
| | - A. Grall‐Jezequel
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire la Cavale blancheBrestFrance
| | - F. Glowacki
- Department of NephrologyCentre Régional Hospitalier Universitaire de LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. Noël
- Department of NephrologyCentre Régional Hospitalier Universitaire de LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. Legendre
- Department of Renal TransplantationUniversité Paris Descartes and Hôpital NeckerAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - D. Anglicheau
- Department of Renal TransplantationUniversité Paris Descartes and Hôpital NeckerAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - N. Broeders
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and TransplantationHôpital Erasme (Université Libre de Bruxelles)BrusselsBelgium
| | - W. Coppieters
- Unit of Animal GenomicsGroupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée‐Research (GIGA‐R)University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - E. Docampo
- Unit of Animal GenomicsGroupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée‐Research (GIGA‐R)University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - M. Georges
- Unit of Animal GenomicsGroupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée‐Research (GIGA‐R)University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Z. Ajarchouh
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular and Human biology (IRIBHM)Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - A. Massart
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and TransplantationHôpital Erasme (Université Libre de Bruxelles)BrusselsBelgium,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular and Human biology (IRIBHM)Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - J. Racapé
- Centre of EpidemiologyBiostatistic and Clinical ResearchSchool of Public Health (Université Libre de Bruxelles)BrusselsBelgium
| | - D. Abramowicz
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and TransplantationHôpital Erasme (Université Libre de Bruxelles)BrusselsBelgium,Department of NephrologyAntwerp University HospitalAntwerpenBelgium
| | - M. Abramowicz
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular and Human biology (IRIBHM)Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium,Medical Genetics DepartmentHôpital Erasme (Université Libre de Bruxelles)BrusselsBelgium
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24
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Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin homolog gene PTEN is one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. Loss of PTEN function occurs in a variety of human cancers via its mutation, deletion, transcriptional silencing, or protein instability. PTEN deficiency in cancer has been associated with advanced disease, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival. Impaired PTEN function, which antagonizes phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, causes the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate and thereby the suppression of downstream components of the PI3K pathway, including the protein kinase B and mammalian target of rapamycin kinases. In addition to having lipid phosphorylation activity, PTEN has critical roles in the regulation of genomic instability, DNA repair, stem cell self-renewal, cellular senescence, and cell migration. Although PTEN deficiency in solid tumors has been studied extensively, rare studies have investigated PTEN alteration in lymphoid malignancies. However, genomic or epigenomic aberrations of PTEN and dysregulated signaling are likely critical in lymphoma pathogenesis and progression. This review provides updated summary on the role of PTEN deficiency in human cancers, specifically in lymphoid malignancies; the molecular mechanisms of PTEN regulation; and the distinct functions of nuclear PTEN. Therapeutic strategies for rescuing PTEN deficiency in human cancers are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77230, USA
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25
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Jablonska E, Gorniak P, Szydlowski M, Sewastianik T, Bialopiotrowicz E, Polak A, Warzocha K, Juszczynski P. MiR-17-92 represses PTPROt and PP2A phosphatases and amplifies tonic BCR signaling in DLBCL cells. Exp Hematol 2016; 46:56-61.e1. [PMID: 27720936 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and targeting the BCR pathway is a highly promising therapeutic strategy in this malignancy. The oncogenic microRNA miR-17-92 modulates multiple cellular processes such as survival, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and BCR signaling. In the present study, we identified new targets of miR-17-92, PTPROt (protein phosphatase, receptor type O, truncated) and PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) phosphatases, which regulate the activity of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and AKT, critical components of BCR signal transduction in DLBCL cells. Introduction of miR-17-92 into DLBCL cells dampened the expression of the PTPROt and PP2A regulatory subunits PPP2R2A (protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, alpha) and PPP2R5E (protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, epsilon isoform) and increased the magnitude of SYK and AKT phosphorylation upon BCR ligation. Finally, we found that miR-17-92 expression modulates response to inhibitors of BCR signaling because downregulation of miR-17-92 increased SYK inhibitor-mediated toxicity in DLBCL cells. Our study reveals novel posttranscriptional regulatory pathways that contribute to the deregulation of BCR signaling and modulate SYK inhibitor activity in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Gorniak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydlowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Bialopiotrowicz
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Warzocha
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Justa-Schuch D, Silva-Garcia M, Pilla E, Engelke M, Kilisch M, Lenz C, Möller U, Nakamura F, Urlaub H, Geiss-Friedlander R. DPP9 is a novel component of the N-end rule pathway targeting the tyrosine kinase Syk. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27614019 PMCID: PMC5039030 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminopeptidase DPP9 removes dipeptides from N-termini of substrates having a proline or alanine in second position. Although linked to several pathways including cell survival and metabolism, the molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes are poorly understood. We identified a novel interaction of DPP9 with Filamin A, which recruits DPP9 to Syk, a central kinase in B-cell signalling. Syk signalling can be terminated by degradation, requiring the ubiquitin E3 ligase Cbl. We show that DPP9 cleaves Syk to produce a neo N-terminus with serine in position 1. Pulse-chases combined with mutagenesis studies reveal that Ser1 strongly influences Syk stability. Furthermore, DPP9 silencing reduces Cbl interaction with Syk, suggesting that DPP9 processing is a prerequisite for Syk ubiquitination. Consistently, DPP9 inhibition stabilizes Syk, thereby modulating Syk signalling. Taken together, we demonstrate DPP9 as a negative regulator of Syk and conclude that DPP9 is a novel integral aminopeptidase of the N-end rule pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Justa-Schuch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria Silva-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Esther Pilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Engelke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kilisch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Möller
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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27
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Witkowska M, Smolewski P, Majchrzak A, Robak T. Innovation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma drug discovery: what needs to be done? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1033-1045. [PMID: 27569454 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1230095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new generation of anticancer agents called target drugs has been recently developed for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Current recovery rates in these diseases are up to 70% with immunotherapy based on the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody combined with standard chemotherapeutics. However, there are still refractory or relapsed patients. Recently, several novel anti-lymphoma agents have been developed. Choosing the most effective personalized therapy still remains a crucial challenge in hematology. Areas covered: New drugs can specifically target malignant cells and inhibit cancer cell growth, proliferation and survival by specific interactions with one or more target proteins. Recent clinical studies have illustrated promising outcomes for novel drugs used as single agents and in combination with traditional therapeutics. In this article, the authors discuss novel targeted therapies with a promising outcome in NHL patients that are becoming integrated into treatment paradigms. Expert opinion: The development of new treatment options may help to avoid cytotoxic chemotherapy entirely in some clinical settings. Multicenter studies should be continued to investigate small agents and pathways inhibitors as this will enable us to enhance not only the duration of the treatment response but also the quality of the extended survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Witkowska
- a Department of Experimental Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Piotr Smolewski
- a Department of Experimental Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Agata Majchrzak
- a Department of Experimental Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.,b Department of Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- b Department of Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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28
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FOXO1 activation is an effector of SYK and AKT inhibition in tonic BCR signal-dependent diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2015; 127:739-48. [PMID: 26585955 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-654111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) in tonic B-cell receptor (BCR) signal-dependent diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) inhibits cellular proliferation, decreases cholesterol biosynthesis, and triggers apoptosis, at least in part via a mechanism involving decreased activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT axis. Because forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is a major effector of this pathway, we investigated the role of FOXO1 in toxicity of BCR pathway inhibition. Inhibition of SYK in DLBCL cells with tonic BCR signaling decreased phospho-AKT and phospho-FOXO1 levels and triggered FOXO1-driven gene expression. Introduction of constitutively active FOXO1 mutant triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, indicating that increased FOXO1 activity is toxic to these DLBCL cells. Depletion of FOXO1 with short hairpin RNA led to almost complete resistance to chemical SYK inhibitor R406, demonstrating that FOXO1 is also required for R406-induced cell death. FOXO1 in these cells is also involved in regulation of expression of the critical master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis, SREBP1. Because HRK is the key effector of SYK inhibition, we characterized a mechanism linking FOXO1 activation and HRK induction that involves caspase-dependent cleavage of HRK's transcriptional repressor DREAM. Because AKT in lymphoma cells can be regulated by other signals than BCR, we assessed the combined effects of the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 with R406 and found markedly synergistic FOXO1-dependent toxicity. In primary DLBCLs, FOXO1 expression was present in 80% of tumors, correlated with SYK activity, and was associated with longer overall survival. These results demonstrate that FOXO1 is required for SYK and AKT inhibitor-induced toxicity.
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29
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Kang MM, Shan SL, Wen XY, Shan HS, Wang ZJ. Tumor-Suppression Mechanisms of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase O and Clinical Applications. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6215-23. [PMID: 26434819 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating human physiological and pathological processes. Functional stabilization of tyrosine phosphorylation largely contributes to the balanced, coordinated regulation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Research has revealed PTPs play an important suppressive role in carcinogenesis and progression by reversing oncoprotein functions. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase O (PTPRO) as one member of the PTPs family has also been identified to have some roles in tumor development. Some reports have shown PTPRO over-expression in tumors can not only inhibit the frequency of tumor cell division and induce tumor cell death, but also suppress migration. However, the tumor-suppression mechanisms are very complex and understanding is incomplete, which in some degree blocks the further development of PTPRO. Hence, in order to resolve this problem, we here have summarized research findings to draw meaningful conclusions. We found tumor-suppression mechanisms of PTPRO to be diverse, such as controlling G0/G1 of the tumor cell proliferation cycle, inhibiting substrate phosphorylation, down-regulating transcription activators and other activities. In clinical anticancer efforts, expression level of PTPRO in tumors can not only serve as a biomarker to monitor the prognosis of patients, but act as an epigenetic biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis. In addition, the re-activation of PTPRO in tumor tissues, not only can induce tumor volume reduction, but also enhance the susceptibility to chemotherapy drugs. So, we can propose that these research findings of PTPRO will not only support new study ideas and directions for other tumor- suppressors, importantly, but also supply a theoretical basis for researching new molecular targeting agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Kang
- The Center of Radiation Oncology, the 82th Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Huaian, Jiangsu, China E-mail : ,
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30
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Bojarczuk K, Bobrowicz M, Dwojak M, Miazek N, Zapala P, Bunes A, Siernicka M, Rozanska M, Winiarska M. B-cell receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:255-65. [PMID: 26227856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway plays a central role in B-lymphocyte development and initiation of humoral immunity. Recently, BCR signaling pathway has been shown as a major driver in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies. As a result, a vast array of BCR-associated kinases has emerged as rational therapeutic targets changing treatment paradigms in B cell malignancies. Based on high efficacy in early-stage clinical trials, there is rapid clinical development of inhibitors targeting BCR signaling pathway. Here, we describe the essential components of BCR signaling, their function in normal and pathogenic signaling and molecular effects of their inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dwojak
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nina Miazek
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Zapala
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anders Bunes
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Siernicka
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Rozanska
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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31
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Hou J, Deng L, Zhuo H, Lin Z, Chen Y, Jiang R, Chen D, Zhang X, Huang X, Sun B. PTPROt maintains T cell immunity in the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:338-50. [PMID: 26117839 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral T cells play a central role in anti-tumor immunity, and the balance between T effector cells (Teff) and regulatory T cells (Treg) affects the prognosis of cancer patients. However, educated by tumor microenvironment, T cells frequently fail in their responsibility. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of truncated isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type O (PTPROt) in T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. We recruited 70 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 30 healthy volunteers for clinical investigation, and analyzed cellular tumor immunity by using ptpro(-/-) C57BL/6 mice and NOD/SCID mice. PTPROt expression was significantly downregulated in human HCC-infiltrating T cells due to the hypoxia microenvironment; PTPROt expression highly correlated with the intratumoral Teff/Treg ratio and clinicopathologic characteristics. Moreover, PTPROt deficiency attenuated T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and remarkably promoted mouse HCC growth. Mechanistically, deletion of PTPROt decreased Teff quantity and quality through phosphorylation of lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase, but increased Treg differentiation through phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. In support of the Teff/Treg homeostasis, PTPROt serves as an important tumor suppressor in HCC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Hou
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Present address: Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhuo
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dianyu Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Loss of PTPRM associates with the pathogenic development of colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9633. [PMID: 25910225 PMCID: PMC5386118 DOI: 10.1038/srep09633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and functional analysis of genes from genetically altered chromosomal regions would suggest new molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here we performed a genome-wide analysis of chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) in matching sets of colon mucosa-adenoma-carcinoma samples using high-throughput oligonucleotide microarray analysis. In silico analysis of NCBI GEO and TCGA datasets allowed us to uncover the significantly altered genes (p ≤ 0.001) associated with the identified CNAs. We performed quantitative PCR analysis of the genomic and complementary DNA derived from primary mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma samples, and confirmed the recurrent loss and down-regulation of PTPRM in colon adenomas and carcinomas. Functional characterization demonstrated that PTPRM negatively regulates cell growth and colony formation, whereas loss of PTPRM promotes oncogenic cell growth. We further showed that, in accordance to Knudson's two-hit hypothesis, inactivation of PTPRM in colon cancer was mainly attributed to loss of heterozygosity and promoter hypermethylation. Taken together, this study demonstrates a putative tumor suppressive role for PTPRM and that genetic and epigenetic alterations of PTPRM may contribute to early step of colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Geng H, Hurtz C, Lenz KB, Chen Z, Baumjohann D, Thompson S, Goloviznina NA, Chen WY, Huan J, LaTocha D, Ballabio E, Xiao G, Lee JW, Deucher A, Qi Z, Park E, Huang C, Nahar R, Kweon SM, Shojaee S, Chan LN, Yu J, Kornblau SM, Bijl JJ, Ye BH, Ansel KM, Paietta E, Melnick A, Hunger SP, Kurre P, Tyner JW, Loh ML, Roeder RG, Druker BJ, Burger JA, Milne TA, Chang BH, Müschen M. Self-enforcing feedback activation between BCL6 and pre-B cell receptor signaling defines a distinct subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:409-25. [PMID: 25759025 PMCID: PMC4618684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studying 830 pre-B ALL cases from four clinical trials, we found that human ALL can be divided into two fundamentally distinct subtypes based on pre-BCR function. While absent in the majority of ALL cases, tonic pre-BCR signaling was found in 112 cases (13.5%). In these cases, tonic pre-BCR signaling induced activation of BCL6, which in turn increased pre-BCR signaling output at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, inhibition of pre-BCR-related tyrosine kinases reduced constitutive BCL6 expression and selectively killed patient-derived pre-BCR(+) ALL cells. These findings identify a genetically and phenotypically distinct subset of human ALL that critically depends on tonic pre-BCR signaling. In vivo treatment studies suggested that pre-BCR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are useful for the treatment of patients with pre-BCR(+) ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Geng
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kyle B Lenz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhengshan Chen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalya A Goloviznina
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Wei-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jianya Huan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dorian LaTocha
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Erica Ballabio
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Gang Xiao
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jae-Woong Lee
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anne Deucher
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zhongxia Qi
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eugene Park
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rahul Nahar
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Soo-Mi Kweon
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Seyedmehdi Shojaee
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lai N Chan
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Janetta J Bijl
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - B Hilda Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Bill H Chang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Selective inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 blocks initiation and maintenance of B-cell transformation. Blood 2015; 125:2530-43. [PMID: 25742700 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-619783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic events that are essential drivers of lymphocyte transformation remain incompletely characterized. We used models of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced B-cell transformation to document the relevance of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) to regulation of epigenetic-repressive marks during lymphomagenesis. EBV(+) lymphomas and transformed cell lines exhibited abundant expression of PRMT5, a type II PRMT enzyme that promotes transcriptional silencing of target genes by methylating arginine residues on histone tails. PRMT5 expression was limited to EBV-transformed cells, not resting or activated B lymphocytes, validating it as an ideal therapeutic target. We developed a first-in-class, small-molecule PRMT5 inhibitor that blocked EBV-driven B-lymphocyte transformation and survival while leaving normal B cells unaffected. Inhibition of PRMT5 led to lost recruitment of a PRMT5/p65/HDAC3-repressive complex on the miR96 promoter, restored miR96 expression, and PRMT5 downregulation. RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments identified several tumor suppressor genes, including the protein tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPROt, which became silenced during EBV-driven B-cell transformation. Enhanced PTPROt expression following PRMT5 inhibition led to dephosphorylation of kinases that regulate B-cell receptor signaling. We conclude that PRMT5 is critical to EBV-driven B-cell transformation and maintenance of the malignant phenotype, and that PRMT5 inhibition shows promise as a novel therapeutic approach for B-cell lymphomas.
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Perova T, Grandal I, Nutter LMJ, Papp E, Matei IR, Beyene J, Kowalski PE, Hitzler JK, Minden MD, Guidos CJ, Danska JS. Therapeutic potential of spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition for treating high-risk precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:236ra62. [PMID: 24828076 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intensified and central nervous system (CNS)-directed chemotherapy has improved outcomes for pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) but confers treatment-related morbidities. Moreover, many patients suffer relapses, underscoring the need to develop new molecular targeted B-ALL therapies. Using a mouse model, we show that leukemic B cells require pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR)-independent spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signaling in vivo for survival and proliferation. In diagnostic samples from human pediatric and adult B-ALL patients, SYK and downstream targets were phosphorylated regardless of pre-BCR expression or genetic subtype. Two small-molecule SYK inhibitors, fostamatinib and BAY61-3606, attenuated the growth of 69 B-ALL samples in vitro, including high-risk (HR) subtypes. Orally administered fostamatinib reduced heavy disease burden after xenotransplantation of HR B-ALL samples into immunodeficient mice and decreased leukemia dissemination into spleen, liver, kidneys, and the CNS of recipient mice. Thus, SYK activation sustains the growth of multiple HR B-ALL subtypes, suggesting that SYK inhibitors may improve outcomes for HR and relapsed B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Perova
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ildiko Grandal
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Eniko Papp
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Irina R Matei
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Paul E Kowalski
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Johann K Hitzler
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
| | - Cynthia J Guidos
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Motiwala T, Kutay H, Zanesi N, Frissora FW, Mo X, Muthusamy N, Jacob ST. PTPROt-mediated regulation of p53/Foxm1 suppresses leukemic phenotype in a CLL mouse model. Leukemia 2014; 29:1350-9. [PMID: 25482129 PMCID: PMC4456291 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding PTPROt is methylated and suppressed in Chronic Lymphocytc Leukemia. PTPROt exhibits in vitro tumor suppressor characteristics through the regulation of B-cell receptor signaling. Here, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice with B-cell specific expression of PTPROt. While lymphocyte development is normal in these mice, crossing them with TCL1 Tg mouse model of CLL results in a survival advantage compared to the TCL1 Tg mice. Gene expression profiling of splenic B-lymphocytes before detectable signs of CLL followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the most prominently regulated functions in TCL1 Tg vs non-transgenic (NTg) and TCL1 Tg vs PTPROt/TCL1 double Tg are the same and also biologically relevant to this study. Further, enhanced expression of the chemokine Ccl3, the oncogenic transcription factor Foxm1 and its targets in TCL1 Tg mice were significantly suppressed in the double Tg mice suggesting a protective function of PTPROt against leukemogenesis. This study also showed that PTPROt mediated regulation of Foxm1 involves activation of p53, a transcriptional repressor of Foxm1, which is facilitated through suppression of B-cell receptor signaling. These results establish the in vivo tumor suppressive function of PTPROt, and identify p53/Foxm1 axis as a key downstream effect of PTPROt-mediated suppression of BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Motiwala
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H Kutay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N Zanesi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F W Frissora
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N Muthusamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S T Jacob
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Krisenko MO, Geahlen RL. Calling in SYK: SYK's dual role as a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:254-63. [PMID: 25447675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) is well-characterized in the immune system as an essential enzyme required for signaling through multiple classes of immune recognition receptors. As a modulator of tumorigenesis, SYK has a bit of a schizophrenic reputation, acting in some cells as a tumor promoter and in others as a tumor suppressor. In many hematopoietic malignancies, SYK provides an important survival function and its inhibition or silencing frequently leads to apoptosis. In cancers of non-immune cells, SYK provides a pro-survival signal, but can also suppress tumorigenesis by restricting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, enhancing cell-cell interactions and inhibiting migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya O Krisenko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Robert L Geahlen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Jiang R, Chen D, Hou J, Tan Z, Wang Y, Huang X, Wang X, Sun B. Survival and inflammation promotion effect of PTPRO in fulminant hepatitis is associated with NF-κB activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5161-70. [PMID: 25339662 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, O (PTPRO) acts as a tumor suppressor in liver cancer; however, little is known about its role in liver inflammation. Thus, we investigated the role of PTPRO in fulminant hepatitis (FH) using a Con A-induced mouse model. Significantly more severe liver damage, but attenuated inflammation, was detected in PTPRO-knockout (KO) mice, and PTPRO deficiency could confer this phenotype to wild-type mice in bone marrow transplantation. Moreover, hepatocytes with PTPRO depletion were more sensitive to TNF-α-induced apoptosis, and secretion of cytokines was significantly decreased in both T and NK/NKT cells and led to marked impairment of NF-κB activation. Intriguingly, wild-type and PTPRO-KO cells responded equally to TNF-α in activation of IKK, but NF-κB activation was clearly decreased in PTPRO-KO cells. PTPRO associated with ErbB2, and loss of PTPRO potentiated activation of the ErbB2/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin cascade. Increased β-catenin formed a complex with NF-κB and attenuated its nuclear translocation and activation. Importantly, in humans, PTPRO was much decreased in FH, and this was associated with enhanced β-catenin accumulation but reduced IFN-γ secretion. Taken together, our study identified a novel PTPRO/ErbB2/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin/NF-κB axis in FH, which suggests that PTPRO may have therapeutic potential in this liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiu Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Dianyu Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jiajie Hou
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Zhongming Tan
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Youjing Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xingxu Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and
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Xu D, Wang X, Yan S, Yin Y, Hou J, Wang X, Sun B. Interaction of PTPRO and TLR4 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10267-73. [PMID: 25034527 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) has been identified as a tumor suppressor in a number of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays diverse roles in HCC tumorigenesis and progression. The association between PTPRO and TLR4 signaling in HCC remains largely unknown. We aimed to clarify the interaction between PTPRO and TLR4 in HCC. Surprisingly, we found reduced and positive-related expression of TLR4 and PTPRO in 84 human HCC specimens. Increased TLR4 expression and activity was found in PTPRO-overexpressed HCC cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The feedback regulation of PTPRO and TLR4 was dependent on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, as suggested by NF-κB inhibition and luciferase reporter assay. Our study suggests that the effect of PTPRO on TLR4 signaling is dependent on NF-κB pathway, suggesting an interesting PTPRO/TLR4/NF-κB signaling feedback loop in HCC carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
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Zhong Y, Byrd JC, Dubovsky JA. The B-cell receptor pathway: a critical component of healthy and malignant immune biology. Semin Hematol 2014; 51:206-18. [PMID: 25048784 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and progression of normal B-cell development to malignant transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is still poorly understood and has hampered attempts to develop targeted therapeutics for this disease. The dependence of CLL cells on B-cell receptor signaling has fostered a new area of basic and therapeutic research interest. In particular, identification of the dependence of CLL cells on both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta and Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling for survival and proliferation has come forth through well-performed preclinical studies and subsequent trials demonstrating dramatic efficacy. This review outlines essential components of B-cell receptor signaling and briefly addresses therapeutics that are emerging to target these in patients with CLL and related lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jason A Dubovsky
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Hsu SH, Motiwala T, Roy S, Claus R, Mustafa M, Plass C, Freitas MA, Ghoshal K, Jacob ST. Methylation of the PTPRO gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma and identification of VCP as its substrate. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1810-8. [PMID: 23533167 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the gene encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type-O (PTPRO) is suppressed by promoter methylation in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and it functions as tumor suppressor in leukemia and lung cancer. Here, we explored the methylation and expression of PTPRO as well as its function in human HCC. MassARRAY analysis of primary human HCC and matching liver samples (n = 24) revealed significantly higher (P = 0.004) methylation density at the promoter CGI in tumors. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) of another set of human HCC samples (n = 17) demonstrated that the CGI was methylated in 29% of tumors where expression of PTPRO was lower than that in corresponding matching livers. A substrate-trapping mutant of PTPRO that stabilizes the bound substrates was used to identify its novel substrate(s). VCP/p97 was found to be a PTPRO substrate by mass spectrometry of the peptides pulled down by the substrate-trapping mutant of PTPRO. Tyrosyl dephosphorylation of VCP following ectopic expression of wild-type PTPRO in H293T and HepG2 cells confirmed that it is a bona fide substrate of PTPRO. Treatment of PTPRO overexpressing HepG2 cells with Doxorubicin, a DNA damaging drug commonly used in therapy of primary HCC, sensitized these cells to this potent anticancer drug that correlated with dephosphorylation of VCP. Taken together, these results demonstrate methylation and downregulation of PTPRO in a subset of primary human HCC and establish VCP as a novel functionally important substrate of this tyrosine phosphatase that could be a potential molecular target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-hao Hsu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Chen L, Monti S, Juszczynski P, Ouyang J, Chapuy B, Neuberg D, Doench JG, Bogusz AM, Habermann TM, Dogan A, Witzig TE, Kutok JL, Rodig SJ, Golub T, Shipp MA. SYK inhibition modulates distinct PI3K/AKT- dependent survival pathways and cholesterol biosynthesis in diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:826-38. [PMID: 23764004 PMCID: PMC3700321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway components represent promising treatment targets in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and additional B cell tumors. BCR signaling activates spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and downstream pathways including PI3K/AKT and NF-κB. In previous studies, chemical SYK blockade selectively decreased BCR signaling and induced apoptosis of BCR-dependent DLBCLs. Herein, we characterize distinct SYK/PI3K-dependent survival pathways in DLBCLs with high or low baseline NF-κB activity including selective repression of the pro-apoptotic HRK protein in NF-κB-low tumors. We also define SYK/PI3K-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis as a feed-forward mechanism of maintaining the integrity of BCRs in lipid rafts in DLBCLs with low or high NF-κB. In addition, SYK amplification and PTEN deletion are identified as selective genetic alterations in primary "BCR"-type DLBCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Bjoern Chapuy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - John G. Doench
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Agata M. Bogusz
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Jeffery L. Kutok
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Todd Golub
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Margaret A. Shipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Corresponding author: Margaret A. Shipp, MD, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; phone: 617-632-3874; fax: 617-632-4734;
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Abstract
In recent years, several genetic and epigenetic alterations have been identified and linked with deregulated signaling pathways that promote growth and survival of lymphoma cells. These discoveries have raised hopes that a new era of targeted therapy will eventually improve treatment outcome of lymphoma. In this focused review, we summarize emerging preclinical and clinical data supporting the development of novel agents targeting B cell receptor signaling, phosphoinositol-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, we discuss new data on targeting chromatin modulating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Leslie
- Division of Cancer Medicine, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
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45
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Kenkre VP, Kahl BS. The future of B-cell lymphoma therapy: the B-cell receptor and its downstream pathways. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012; 7:216-20. [PMID: 22688757 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that tonic signaling through the B cell receptor provides a growth and survival signal in many types of B cell lymphomas, and that disruption of B cell receptor signaling can be lethal to malignant B cells. Several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which block signaling pathways downstream from the B cell receptor, are in active clinical development. Preliminary data suggests impressive activity in relapsed and refractory B cell lymphomas. Among the kinases which have been targeted are Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). This article discusses the rationale for targeting these pathways and summarizes the current clinical trial data for agents targeting Syk, BTK, and PI3K.
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Spurgeon SE, Coffey G, Fletcher LB, Burke R, Tyner JW, Druker BJ, Betz A, DeGuzman F, Pak Y, Baker D, Pandey A, Hollenbach SJ, Sinha U, Loriaux MM. The selective SYK inhibitor P505-15 (PRT062607) inhibits B cell signaling and function in vitro and in vivo and augments the activity of fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:378-87. [PMID: 23220742 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.200832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) associated kinases including spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) contribute to the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies. SYK is persistently phosphorylated in a subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and SYK inhibition results in abrogation of downstream kinase activity and apoptosis. P505-15 (also known as PRT062607) is a novel, highly selective, and orally bioavailable small molecule SYK inhibitor (SYK IC(50) = 1 nM) with anti-SYK activity that is at least 80-fold greater than its affinity for other kinases. We evaluated the preclinical characteristics of P505-15 in models of NHL and CLL. P505-15 successfully inhibited SYK-mediated B-cell receptor signaling and decreased cell viability in NHL and CLL. Oral dosing in mice prevented BCR-mediated splenomegaly and significantly inhibited NHL tumor growth in a xenograft model. In addition, combination treatment of primary CLL cells with P505-15 plus fludarabine produced synergistic enhancement of activity at nanomolar concentrations. Our findings support the ongoing development of P505-15 as a therapeutic agent for B-cell malignancies. A dose finding study in healthy volunteers has been completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Spurgeon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Aijö T, Edelman SM, Lönnberg T, Larjo A, Kallionpää H, Tuomela S, Engström E, Lahesmaa R, Lähdesmäki H. An integrative computational systems biology approach identifies differentially regulated dynamic transcriptome signatures which drive the initiation of human T helper cell differentiation. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:572. [PMID: 23110343 PMCID: PMC3526425 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A proper balance between different T helper (Th) cell subsets is necessary for normal functioning of the adaptive immune system. Revealing key genes and pathways driving the differentiation to distinct Th cell lineages provides important insight into underlying molecular mechanisms and new opportunities for modulating the immune response. Previous computational methods to quantify and visualize kinetic differential expression data of three or more lineages to identify reciprocally regulated genes have relied on clustering approaches and regression methods which have time as a factor, but have lacked methods which explicitly model temporal behavior. Results We studied transcriptional dynamics of human umbilical cord blood T helper cells cultured in absence and presence of cytokines promoting Th1 or Th2 differentiation. To identify genes that exhibit distinct lineage commitment dynamics and are specific for initiating differentiation to different Th cell subsets, we developed a novel computational methodology (LIGAP) allowing integrative analysis and visualization of multiple lineages over whole time-course profiles. Applying LIGAP to time-course data from multiple Th cell lineages, we identified and experimentally validated several differentially regulated Th cell subset specific genes as well as reciprocally regulated genes. Combining differentially regulated transcriptional profiles with transcription factor binding site and pathway information, we identified previously known and new putative transcriptional mechanisms involved in Th cell subset differentiation. All differentially regulated genes among the lineages together with an implementation of LIGAP are provided as an open-source resource. Conclusions The LIGAP method is widely applicable to quantify differential time-course dynamics of many types of datasets and generalizes to any number of conditions. It summarizes all the time-course measurements together with the associated uncertainty for visualization and manual assessment purposes. Here we identified novel human Th subset specific transcripts as well as regulatory mechanisms important for the initiation of the Th cell subset differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Aijö
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Pauls SD, Lafarge ST, Landego I, Zhang T, Marshall AJ. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway in normal and malignant B cells: activation mechanisms, regulation and impact on cellular functions. Front Immunol 2012; 3:224. [PMID: 22908014 PMCID: PMC3414724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a central signal transduction axis controlling normal B cell homeostasis and activation in humoral immunity. The p110δ PI3K catalytic subunit has emerged as a critical mediator of multiple B cell functions. The activity of this pathway is regulated at multiple levels, with inositol phosphatases PTEN and SHIP both playing critical roles. When deregulated, the PI3K pathway can contribute to B cell malignancies and autoantibody production. This review summarizes current knowledge on key mechanisms that activate and regulate the PI3K pathway and influence normal B cell functional responses including the development of B cell subsets, antigen presentation, immunoglobulin isotype switch, germinal center responses, and maintenance of B cell anergy. We also discuss PI3K pathway alterations reported in select B cell malignancies and highlight studies indicating the functional significance of this pathway in malignant B cell survival and growth within tissue microenvironments. Finally, we comment on early clinical trial results, which support PI3K inhibition as a promising treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Expression profiling during mammary epithelial cell three-dimensional morphogenesis identifies PTPRO as a novel regulator of morphogenesis and ErbB2-mediated transformation. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3913-24. [PMID: 22851698 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00068-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of genes that are upregulated during mammary epithelial cell morphogenesis may reveal novel regulators of tumorigenesis. We have demonstrated that gene expression programs in mammary epithelial cells grown in monolayer cultures differ significantly from those in three-dimensional (3D) cultures. We identify a protein tyrosine phosphate, PTPRO, that was upregulated in mature MCF-10A mammary epithelial 3D structures but had low to undetectable levels in monolayer cultures. Downregulation of PTPRO by RNA interference inhibited proliferation arrest during morphogenesis. Low levels of PTPRO expression correlated with reduced survival for breast cancer patients, suggesting a tumor suppressor function. Furthermore, we showed that the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2/HER2 is a direct substrate of PTPRO and that loss of PTPRO increased ErbB2-induced cell proliferation and transformation, together with tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB2. Moreover, in patients with ErbB2-positive breast tumors, low PTPRO expression correlated with poor clinical prognosis compared to ErbB2-positive patients with high levels of PTPRO. Thus, PTPRO is a novel regulator of ErbB2 signaling, a potential tumor suppressor, and a novel prognostic marker for patients with ErbB2-positive breast cancers. We have identified the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO as a regulator of three-dimensional epithelial morphogenesis of mammary epithelial cells and as a regulator of ErbB2-mediated transformation. In addition, we demonstrated that ErbB2 is a direct substrate of PTPRO and that decreased expression of PTPRO predicts poor prognosis for ErbB2-positive breast cancer patients. Thus, our results identify PTPRO as a novel regulator of mammary epithelial transformation, a potential tumor suppressor, and a predictive biomarker for breast cancer.
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50
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Labbé DP, Hardy S, Tremblay ML. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer: friends and foes! PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 106:253-306. [PMID: 22340721 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396456-4.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins serves as an exquisite switch in controlling several key oncogenic signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Since protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) counteract protein kinases by removing phosphate moieties on target proteins, one may intuitively think that PTPs would act as tumor suppressors. Indeed, one of the most described PTPs, namely, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), is a tumor suppressor. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that PTPs can also function as potent oncoproteins. In this chapter, we provide a broad historical overview of the PTPs, their mechanism of action, and posttranslational modifications. Then, we focus on the dual properties of classical PTPs (receptor and nonreceptor) and dual-specificity phosphatases in cancer and summarize the current knowledge of the signaling pathways regulated by key PTPs in human cancer. In conclusion, we present our perspective on the potential of these PTPs to serve as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Labbé
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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