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Yadav C, Yadav R, Nanda S, Ranga S, Ahuja P, Tanwar M. Role of HOX genes in cancer progression and their therapeutical aspects. Gene 2024; 919:148501. [PMID: 38670395 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
HOX genes constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play pivotal roles in embryonic development, tissue patterning, and cell differentiation. These genes are essential for the precise spatial and temporal control of body axis formation in vertebrates. In addition to their developmental functions, HOX genes have garnered significant attention for their involvement in various diseases, including cancer. Deregulation of HOX gene expression has been observed in numerous malignancies, where they can influence tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic responses. This review provides an overview of the diverse roles of HOX genes in development, disease, and potential therapeutic targets, highlighting their significance in understanding biological processes and their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Smiti Nanda
- Retd. Senior Professor and Head, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
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2
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Hu Q, Zhang X, Sun M, jiang B, Zhang Z, Sun D. Potential epigenetic molecular regulatory networks in ocular neovascularization. Front Genet 2022; 13:970224. [PMID: 36118885 PMCID: PMC9478661 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.970224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is one of the many manifestations of ocular diseases, including corneal injury and vascular diseases of the retina and choroid. Although anti-VEGF drugs have been used to effectively treat neovascularization, long-term use of anti-angiogenic factors can cause a variety of neurological and developmental side effects. As a result, better drugs to treat ocular neovascularization are urgently required. There is mounting evidence that epigenetic regulation is important in ocular neovascularization. DNA methylation and histone modification, non-coding RNA, and mRNA modification are all examples of epigenetic mechanisms. In order to shed new light on epigenetic therapeutics in ocular neovascularization, this review focuses on recent advances in the epigenetic control of ocular neovascularization as well as discusses these new mechanisms.
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3
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Feng Y, Zhang T, Wang Y, Xie M, Ji X, Luo X, Huang W, Xia L. Homeobox Genes in Cancers: From Carcinogenesis to Recent Therapeutic Intervention. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770428. [PMID: 34722321 PMCID: PMC8551923 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox (HOX) genes encoding an evolutionarily highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcriptional factors are essential for embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. HOX genes are involved in cell identity determination during early embryonic development and postnatal processes. The deregulation of HOX genes is closely associated with numerous human malignancies, highlighting the indispensable involvement in mortal cancer development. Since most HOX genes behave as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer, a better comprehension of their upstream regulators and downstream targets contributes to elucidating the function of HOX genes in cancer development. In addition, targeting HOX genes may imply therapeutic potential. Recently, novel therapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting tyrosine receptor kinases, small molecular chemical inhibitors, and small interfering RNA strategies, are difficult to implement for targeting transcriptional factors on account of the dual function and pleiotropic nature of HOX genes-related molecular networks. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the roles of HOX genes in human cancer and emphasizes the emerging importance of HOX genes as potential therapeutic targets to overcome the limitations of present cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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The histone lysine methyltransferase SETD8 regulates angiogenesis through HES-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12089. [PMID: 32694555 PMCID: PMC7374624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications, including histone lysine methylation, regulate gene expression in the vasculature, and targeting tumor blood vessels through histone modification decreases tumor growth. SETD8, a methyltransferase that catalyzes the mono-methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 is known to promote tumorigenesis in various cancers and its high levels of expression are related to poor prognosis. However, the detailed mechanisms by which SETD8 stimulates tumor progression and angiogenesis are still not well understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that, in vitro, BVT-948 efficiently and selectively suppresses SETD8 activity and histone methylation levels. In this study, we showed that BVT-948-mediated SETD8 inhibition in HUVECs results in an inhibition of angiogenesis. Inhibition of SETD8 not only inhibited angiogenesis but also disrupted actin stress fiber formation and induced cell cycle arrest at S phase. These effects were accompanied by increased HES-1 expression levels, decreased osteopontin levels, and a decreased differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into endothelial cells. Interestingly, BVT-948 treatment reduced pathological angiogenesis in mouse OIR model. These data illustrate the mechanisms by which SETD8 regulates angiogenesis and may enable the use of a SETD8 inhibitor to treat various pathological conditions that are known to be associated with excessive angiogenesis, including and tumor growth.
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Abstract
The vasculature not only transports oxygenated blood, metabolites, and waste products but also serves as a conduit for hormonal communication between distant tissues. Therefore, it is important to maintain homeostasis within the vasculature. Recent studies have greatly expanded our understanding of the regulation of vasculature development and vascular-related diseases at the epigenetic level, including by protein posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs. Integrating epigenetic mechanisms into the pathophysiologic conceptualization of complex and multifactorial vascular-related diseases may provide promising therapeutic approaches. Several reviews have presented detailed discussions of epigenetic mechanisms not including histone methylation in vascular biology. In this review, we primarily discuss histone methylation in vascular development and maturity, and in vascular diseases.
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6
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Lermant A, Murdoch CE. Cysteine Glutathionylation Acts as a Redox Switch in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E315. [PMID: 31426416 PMCID: PMC6720164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTM) of receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transcription factors play an important role in cell signaling. oxPTMs are a key way in which oxidative stress can influence cell behavior during diverse pathological settings such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, neurodegeneration and inflammatory response. In addition, changes in oxPTM are likely to be ways in which low level reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may contribute to redox signaling, exerting changes in physiological responses including angiogenesis, cardiac remodeling and embryogenesis. Among oxPTM, S-glutathionylation of reactive cysteines emerges as an important regulator of vascular homeostasis by modulating endothelial cell (EC) responses to their local redox environment. This review summarizes the latest findings of S-glutathionylated proteins in major EC pathways, and the functional consequences on vascular pathophysiology. This review highlights the diversity of molecules affected by S-glutathionylation, and the complex consequences on EC function, thereby demonstrating an intricate dual role of RONS-induced S-glutathionylation in maintaining vascular homeostasis and participating in various pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Lermant
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Colin E Murdoch
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK.
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7
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Bueno C, Calero-Nieto FJ, Wang X, Valdés-Mas R, Gutiérrez-Agüera F, Roca-Ho H, Ayllon V, Real PJ, Arambilet D, Espinosa L, Torres-Ruiz R, Agraz-Doblas A, Varela I, de Boer J, Bigas A, Gottgens B, Marschalek R, Menendez P. Enhanced hemato-endothelial specification during human embryonic differentiation through developmental cooperation between AF4-MLL and MLL-AF4 fusions. Haematologica 2019; 104:1189-1201. [PMID: 30679325 PMCID: PMC6545840 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.202044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(4;11)(q21;q23) translocation is associated with high-risk infant pro-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and arises prenatally during embryonic/fetal hematopoiesis. The developmental/pathogenic contribution of the t(4;11)-resulting MLL-AF4 (MA4) and AF4-MLL (A4M) fusions remains unclear; MA4 is always expressed in patients with t(4;11)+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but the reciprocal fusion A4M is expressed in only half of the patients. Because prenatal leukemogenesis manifests as impaired early hematopoietic differentiation, we took advantage of well-established human embryonic stem cell-based hematopoietic differentiation models to study whether the A4M fusion cooperates with MA4 during early human hematopoietic development. Co-expression of A4M and MA4 strongly promoted the emergence of hemato-endothelial precursors, both endothelial- and hemogenic-primed. Double fusion-expressing hemato-endothelial precursors specified into significantly higher numbers of both hematopoietic and endothelial-committed cells, irrespective of the differentiation protocol used and without hijacking survival/proliferation. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes and differentially enriched H3K79me3 genomic regions by RNA-sequencing and H3K79me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing, respectively, confirmed a hematopoietic/endothelial cell differentiation signature in double fusion-expressing hemato-endothelial precursors. Importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis revealed a significant enrichment of H3K79 methylated regions specifically associated with HOX-A cluster genes in double fusion-expressing differentiating hematopoietic cells. Overall, these results establish a functional and molecular cooperation between MA4 and A4M fusions during human hematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando J Calero-Nieto
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Francisco Gutiérrez-Agüera
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heleia Roca-Ho
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronica Ayllon
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government and University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro J Real
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government and University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Granada, Spain
| | - David Arambilet
- Programa de Cáncer, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Programa de Cáncer, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas. Barcelona. Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Torres-Ruiz
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Agraz-Doblas
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (CSIC-UC-Sodercan), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (CSIC-UC-Sodercan), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jasper de Boer
- Cancer Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Anna Bigas
- Programa de Cáncer, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas. Barcelona. Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertie Gottgens
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Narayanan S, Loganathan G, Mokshagundam S, Hughes MG, Williams SK, Balamurugan AN. Endothelial cell regulation through epigenetic mechanisms: Depicting parallels and its clinical application within an intra-islet microenvironment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:120-133. [PMID: 29953914 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intra-islet endothelial cells (ECs), the building blocks of islet microvasculature, govern a number of cellular and pathophysiological processes associated with the pancreatic tissue. These cells are key to the angiogenic process and essential for islet revascularization after transplantation. Understanding fundamental mechanisms by which ECs regulate the angiogenic process is important as these cells maintain and regulate the intra-islet environment facilitated by a complex signaling crosstalk with the surrounding endocrine cells. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the impact of epigenetic regulation on islet cell development and function. This review will present an overview of the reports involving endothelial epigenetic mechanisms particularly focusing on histone modifications which have been identified to play a critical role in governing EC functions by modifying the chromatin structure. A better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms by which these cells regulate gene expression and function to orchestrate cellular physiology and pathology is likely to offer improved insights on the functioning and regulation of an intra-islet endothelial microvascular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Narayanan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Gopalakrishnan Loganathan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | | | - Michael G Hughes
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Stuart K Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Appakalai N Balamurugan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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9
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RNA Sequencing and Pathway Analysis Identify Important Pathways Involved in Hypertrichosis and Intellectual Disability in Patients with Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:409-417. [PMID: 30014449 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of histone modifiers are involved in human neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting that proper regulation of chromatin state is essential for the development of the central nervous system. Among them, heterozygous de novo variants in KMT2A, a gene coding for histone methyltransferase, have been associated with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS), a rare developmental disorder mainly characterized by intellectual disability (ID) and hypertrichosis. As KMT2A is known to regulate the expression of multiple target genes through methylation of lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3K4me), we sought to investigate the transcriptomic consequences of KMT2A variants involved in WSS. Using fibroblasts from four WSS patients harboring loss-of-function KMT2A variants, we performed RNA sequencing and identified a number of genes for which transcription was altered in KMT2A-mutated cells compared to the control ones. Strikingly, analysis of the pathways and biological functions significantly deregulated between patients with WSS and healthy individuals revealed a number of processes predicted to be altered that are relevant for hypertrichosis and intellectual disability, the cardinal signs of this disease.
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10
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Gong M, Yu B, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu M, Paul C, Millard RW, Xiao DS, Ashraf M, Xu M. Mesenchymal stem cells release exosomes that transfer miRNAs to endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45200-45212. [PMID: 28423355 PMCID: PMC5542178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to benefit patients with a variety of ischemic diseases via promoting angiogenesis. It is also well established that exosomes secreted from MSCs deliver bioactive molecules, including microRNAs (miRs) to recipient cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that exosomes secreted from MSCs deliver miRs into endothelial cells and mediate angiogenesis. The pro-angiogenic stimulatory capacity of exosomes was investigated using tube-like structure formation and spheroid-based sprouting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and in vivo Matrigel plug assay. The secretion of pro-angiogenic miRs (pro-angiomiRs) from MSCs into culture medium and transfer of the miRs to HUVECs were confirmed using real-time quantitative PCR. Supplementation of the exosome secretion blocker GW4869 (10 μM) reduced the pro-angiomiRs in the MSC-derived conditioned medium (CdMMSC). Addition of exosomes isolated from CdMMSC could directly 1) promote HUVEC tube-like structure formation in vitro; 2) mobilize endothelial cells into Matrigel plug subcutaneously transplanted into mice; and 3) increase blood flow inside Matrigel plug. Fluorescence tracking showed that the exosomes were internalized rapidly by HUVECs causing an upregulated expression of pro-angiomiRs in HUVECs. Loss-and-gain function of the pro-angiomiRs (e.g., miR-30b) in MSCs significantly altered the pro-angiogenic properties of these MSC-derived exosomes, which could be associated with the regulation of their targets in HUVECs. These results suggest that exosomal transfer of pro-angiogenic miRs plays an important role in MSC mediated angiogenesis and stem cell-to-endothelial cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Children's Nutrition Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jingcai Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald W Millard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - De-Sheng Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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11
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Duan Y, Wu X, Zhao Q, Gao J, Huo D, Liu X, Ye Z, Dong X, Fu Z, Shang Y, Xuan C. DOT1L promotes angiogenesis through cooperative regulation of VEGFR2 with ETS-1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69674-69687. [PMID: 27626484 PMCID: PMC5342507 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methyltransferase DOT1L is implicated in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and embryogenesis. Gene ablation of Dot1l results in embryonic lethality and cardiovascular defects including decreased vasculature. However, how DOT1L might contribute to the development of vasculature is not clear. Here, we report that DOT1L is required for angiogenesis. We demonstrated that silencing of DOT1L in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) leads to decreased cell viability, migration, tube formation, and capillary sprout formation in vitro, as well as reduced formation of functional vascular networks in matrigel plugs in vivo. Genome-wide analysis of DOT1L targets via H3K79me2 ChIP-seq annotation in HUVECs identified a number of genes including VEGFR2 that are critically involved in angiogenesis. We showed that DOT1L cooperates with transcription factor ETS-1 to stimulate the expression of VEGFR2, thereby activating ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways and promoting angiogenesis. Our study revealed a mechanistic role for DOT1L in the promotion of angiogenesis, adding to the understanding of the biological function of this histone methyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dawei Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yongfeng Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chenghao Xuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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12
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Costantino S, Camici GG, Mohammed SA, Volpe M, Lüscher TF, Paneni F. Epigenetics and cardiovascular regenerative medicine in the elderly. Int J Cardiol 2018; 250:207-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Liu J, Li Q, Zhang KS, Hu B, Niu X, Zhou SM, Li SG, Luo YP, Wang Y, Deng ZF. Downregulation of the Long Non-Coding RNA Meg3 Promotes Angiogenesis After Ischemic Brain Injury by Activating Notch Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:8179-8190. [PMID: 27900677 PMCID: PMC5684256 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis after ischemic brain injury contributes to the restoration of blood supply in the ischemic zone. Strategies to improve angiogenesis may facilitate the function recovery after stroke. Recent researches have demonstrated that dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs are associated with angiogenesis. We have previously reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in ischemic stroke. However, little is known about long non-coding RNAs and theirs role in angiogenesis after stroke. In this study, we identified a rat lncRNAs, Meg3, and found that Meg3 was significantly decreased after ischemic stroke. Overexpression of Meg3 suppressed functional recovery and decreased capillary density after ischemic stroke. Downregulation of Meg3 ameliorated brain lesion and increased angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. Silencing of Meg3 resulted in a proangiogenic effect evidenced by increased endothelial cell migration, proliferation, sprouting, and tube formation. Mechanistically, we showed that Meg3 negatively regulated notch pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of notch signaling in endothelial cells reversed the proangiogenic effect induced by Meg3 downregulation. This study revealed the function of Meg3 in ischemic stroke and elucidated its mechanism in angiogenesis after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kun-Shan Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Min Zhou
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Guang Li
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ping Luo
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Tevis KM, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Embedded Spheroids as Models of the Cancer Microenvironment. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 1:1700083. [PMID: 30221187 PMCID: PMC6135264 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To more accurately study the complex mechanisms behind cancer invasion, progression, and response to treatment, researchers require models that replicate both the multicellular nature and 3D stromal environment present in an in vivo tumor. Multicellular aggregates (i.e., spheroids) embedded in an extracellular matrix mimic are a prevalent model. Recently, quantitative metrics that fully utilize the capability of spheroids are described along with conventional experiments, such as invasion into a matrix, to provide additional details and insights into the underlying cancer biology. The review begins with a discussion of the salient features of the tumor microenvironment, introduces the early work on non-embedded spheroids as tumor models, and then concentrates on the successes achieved with the study of embedded spheroids. Examples of studies include cell movement, drug response, tumor cellular heterogeneity, stromal effects, and cancer progression. Additionally, new methodologies and those borrowed from other research fields (e.g., vascularization and tissue engineering) are highlighted that expand the capability of spheroids to aid future users in designing their cancer-related experiments. The convergence of spheroid research among the various fields catalyzes new applications and leads to a natural synergy. Finally, the review concludes with a reflection and future perspectives for cancer spheroid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie M. Tevis
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yolonda L. Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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15
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Hötte K, Smyrek I, Starzinski-Powitz A, Stelzer EHK. Endogenous AJAP1 associates with the cytoskeleton and attenuates angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Biol Open 2017; 6:723-731. [PMID: 28483980 PMCID: PMC5483013 DOI: 10.1242/bio.022335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adherens junction associated protein 1 (AJAP1, aka shrew-1) is presumably a type-I transmembrane protein localizing and interacting with the E-cadherin-catenin complex. In various tumors, AJAP1 expression is reduced or lost, including hepatocellular and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and glial-derived tumors. The aberrant expression of AJAP1 is associated with alterations in cell migration, invasion, increased tumor growth, and tumor vascularization, suggesting AJAP1 as a putative tumor suppressor. We show that AJAP1 attenuates sprouting angiogenesis by reducing endothelial migration and invasion capacities. Further, we show for the first time that endogenous AJAP1 is associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton. This linkage is independent from cell confluency and stable during angiogenic sprouting in vitro Our work suggests that AJAP1 is a putative negative regulator of angiogenesis, reducing cell migration and invasion by interfering with the microtubule network. Based on our results and those of other authors, we suggest AJAP1 as a novel tumor suppressor and diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hötte
- Physical Biology/Physikalische Biologie (IZN, FB 15), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt - Macromolecular Complexes (CEF - MC), Goethe Universität - Frankfurt am Main (Campus Riedberg), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Isabell Smyrek
- Physical Biology/Physikalische Biologie (IZN, FB 15), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt - Macromolecular Complexes (CEF - MC), Goethe Universität - Frankfurt am Main (Campus Riedberg), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Anna Starzinski-Powitz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Human Genetics, Goethe Universität - Frankfurt am Main (Campus Riedberg), Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Ernst H K Stelzer
- Physical Biology/Physikalische Biologie (IZN, FB 15), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt - Macromolecular Complexes (CEF - MC), Goethe Universität - Frankfurt am Main (Campus Riedberg), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
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16
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Stellos K, Gatsiou A, Stamatelopoulos K, Perisic Matic L, John D, Lunella FF, Jaé N, Rossbach O, Amrhein C, Sigala F, Boon RA, Fürtig B, Manavski Y, You X, Uchida S, Keller T, Boeckel JN, Franco-Cereceda A, Maegdefessel L, Chen W, Schwalbe H, Bindereif A, Eriksson P, Hedin U, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing controls cathepsin S expression in atherosclerosis by enabling HuR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. Nat Med 2016; 22:1140-1150. [PMID: 27595325 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, which is catalyzed by a family of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, is important in the epitranscriptomic regulation of RNA metabolism. However, the role of A-to-I RNA editing in vascular disease is unknown. Here we show that cathepsin S mRNA (CTSS), which encodes a cysteine protease associated with angiogenesis and atherosclerosis, is highly edited in human endothelial cells. The 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the CTSS transcript contains two inverted repeats, the AluJo and AluSx+ regions, which form a long stem-loop structure that is recognized by ADAR1 as a substrate for editing. RNA editing enables the recruitment of the stabilizing RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR; encoded by ELAVL1) to the 3' UTR of the CTSS transcript, thereby controlling CTSS mRNA stability and expression. In endothelial cells, ADAR1 overexpression or treatment of cells with hypoxia or with the inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and tumor-necrosis-factor-α induces CTSS RNA editing and consequently increases cathepsin S expression. ADAR1 levels and the extent of CTSS RNA editing are associated with changes in cathepsin S levels in patients with atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, aortic aneurysms and advanced carotid atherosclerotic disease. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role of RNA editing in gene expression in human atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stellos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Center of Internal Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ljubica Perisic Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David John
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Federica Francesca Lunella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Jaé
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Rossbach
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carolin Amrhein
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frangiska Sigala
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocratio General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Boris Fürtig
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yosif Manavski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xintian You
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Till Keller
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Internal Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jes-Niels Boeckel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Internal Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Man HSJ, Yan MS, Lee JJ, Marsden PA. Epigenetic determinants of cardiovascular gene expression: vascular endothelium. Epigenomics 2016; 8:959-79. [PMID: 27381277 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern landscape of gene regulation involves interacting factors that ultimately lead to gene activation or repression. Epigenetic mechanisms provide a perspective of cellular phenotype as dynamically regulated and responsive to input. This perspective is supported by the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from fully differentiated cell types. In vascular endothelial cells, evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play a major role in the expression of endothelial cell-specific genes such as the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3/eNOS). These mechanisms are also important for eNOS expression in response to environmental stimuli such as hypoxia and shear stress. A newer paradigm in epigenetics, long noncoding RNAs offer a link between genetic variation, epigenetic regulation and disease. While the understanding of epigenetic mechanisms is early in its course, it is becoming clear that approaches to understanding the interaction of these factors and their inputs will be necessary to improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Sum Jeffrey Man
- Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Respirology & Critical Care, University Health Network & Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew S Yan
- Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Jy Lee
- Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip A Marsden
- Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nephrology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Fraineau S, Palii CG, Allan DS, Brand M. Epigenetic regulation of endothelial-cell-mediated vascular repair. FEBS J 2015; 282:1605-29. [PMID: 25546332 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of vascular integrity is essential for the prevention of vascular disease and for recovery following cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular events including limb ischemia, heart attack and stroke. Endothelial stem/progenitor cells have recently gained considerable interest due to their potential use in stem cell therapies to mediate revascularization after ischemic injury. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand fundamental mechanisms regulating vascular repair in specific cell types to develop new beneficial therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight recent studies demonstrating that epigenetic mechanisms (including post-translational modifications of DNA and histones as well as non-coding RNA-mediated processes) play essential roles in the regulation of endothelial stem/progenitor cell functions through modifying chromatin structure. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of using small molecules that modulate the activities of epigenetic enzymes to enhance the vascular repair function of endothelial cells and offer insight on potential strategies that may accelerate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Fraineau
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Canada
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19
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Ma Q, Zhang L. Epigenetic programming of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in response to fetal hypoxia. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 124:28-48. [PMID: 25450949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major stress to the fetal development and may result in irreversible injury in the developing brain, increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) malformations in the neonatal brain and long-term neurological complications in offspring. Current evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the development of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the developing brain in response to fetal stress. However, the causative cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present review, we summarize the recent findings of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of the brain and their roles in fetal hypoxia-induced brain developmental malformations. Specifically, we focus on DNA methylation and active demethylation, histone modifications and microRNAs in the regulation of neuronal and vascular developmental plasticity, which may play a role in fetal stress-induced epigenetic programming of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Ma
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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20
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Hao Y, Yang J, Yin S, Zhang H, Fan Y, Sun C, Gu J, Xi JJ. The synergistic regulation of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis through miR-190 and target genes. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:1328-1336. [PMID: 24962367 PMCID: PMC4105756 DOI: 10.1261/rna.044651.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
VEGF is a major contributor to angiogenesis, a vital process in normal growth and development and tumor transition. However, the current clinical efficacy of VEGF inhibitors is limited, and the molecular mechanism underlying VEGF regulation remains to be elucidated. Here we show that miR-190 directly targets a group of angiogenic effectors besides VEGF per se. Noted, these effectors can transcriptionally regulate VEGF expression in an intracellular or intercellular manner, thus demonstrating that miR-190 modulates the VEGF-mediated tumor angiogenesis at three levels. The synergistic effect of miR-190 and its target genes demonstrates a complex but apparently more stable system, allowing for the tight control of the level of VEGF. Finally, we showed that miR-190 significantly suppresses tumor metastasis, especially angiogenesis. Together, these results indicate that miR-190 is a promising antitumor target in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hao
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyu Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shenyi Yin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanshuo Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changhong Sun
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jianzhong Jeff Xi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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21
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Blacher S, Erpicum C, Lenoir B, Paupert J, Moraes G, Ormenese S, Bullinger E, Noel A. Cell invasion in the spheroid sprouting assay: a spatial organisation analysis adaptable to cell behaviour. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97019. [PMID: 24806521 PMCID: PMC4013117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cell spheroid assay provides a suitable in vitro model to study (lymph) angiogenesis and test pro- and anti-(lymph) angiogenic factors or drugs. Usually, the extent of cell invasion, observed through optical microscopy, is measured. The present study proposes the spatial distribution of migrated cells as a new descriptor of the (lymph) angiogenic response. The utility of this novel method rests with its capacity to locally characterise spheroid structure, allowing not only the investigation of single and collective cell invasion but also the evolution of the spheroid core itself. Moreover, the proposed method can be applied to 2D-projected spheroid images obtained by optical microscopy, as well as to 3D images acquired by confocal microscopy. To validate the proposed methodology, endothelial cell invasion was evaluated under different experimental conditions. The results were compared with widely used global parameters. The comparison shows that our method prevents local spheroid modifications from being overlooked and leading to the possible misinterpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of tumor and developmental biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Erpicum
- Laboratory of tumor and developmental biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Lenoir
- Laboratory of tumor and developmental biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of cardiovascular research, CRP santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Paupert
- Laboratory of tumor and developmental biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Moraes
- GIGA-Imaging and Flow Cytometry Platform, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sandra Ormenese
- GIGA-Imaging and Flow Cytometry Platform, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Eric Bullinger
- GIGA Systems Biology and Chemical Biology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of tumor and developmental biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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22
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Casanello P, Schneider D, Herrera EA, Uauy R, Krause BJ. Endothelial heterogeneity in the umbilico-placental unit: DNA methylation as an innuendo of epigenetic diversity. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:49. [PMID: 24723887 PMCID: PMC3973902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is a multifunctional heterogeneous tissue playing a key role in the physiology of every organ. To accomplish this role the endothelium presents a phenotypic diversity that is early prompted during vascular development, allowing it to cope with specific requirements in a time- and site-specific manner. During the last decade several reports show that endothelial diversity is also present in the umbilico-placental vasculature, with differences between macro- and microvascular vessels as well as arterial and venous endothelium. This diversity is evidenced in vitro as a higher angiogenic capacity in the microcirculation; or disparity in the levels of several molecules that control endothelial function (i.e., receptor for growth factors, vasoactive mediators, and adhesion molecules) which frequently are differentially expressed between arterial and venous endothelium. Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial diversity would be prominently driven by epigenetic mechanisms which also control the basal expression of endothelial-specific genes. This review outlines evidence for endothelial diversity since early stages of vascular development and how this heterogeneity is expressed in the umbilico-placental vasculature. Furthermore a brief picture of epigenetic mechanisms and their role on endothelial physiology emphasizing new data on umbilical and placental endothelial cells is presented. Unraveling the role of epigenetic mechanisms on long term endothelial physiology and its functional diversity would contribute to develop more accurate therapeutic interventions. Altogether these data show that micro- versus macro-vascular, or artery versus vein comparisons are an oversimplification of the complexity occurring in the endothelium at different levels, and the necessity for the future research to establish the precise source of cells which are under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Casanello
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Schneider
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatologïa, Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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23
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Shinsky SA, Hu M, Vought VE, Ng SB, Bamshad MJ, Shendure J, Cosgrove MS. A non-active-site SET domain surface crucial for the interaction of MLL1 and the RbBP5/Ash2L heterodimer within MLL family core complexes. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2283-99. [PMID: 24680668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia-1 (MLL1) enzyme is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) monomethyltransferase and has served as a paradigm for understanding the mechanism of action of the human SET1 family of enzymes that include MLL1-MLL4 and SETd1a,b. Dimethylation of H3K4 requires a sub-complex including WRAD (WDR5, RbBP5, Ash2L, and DPY-30), which binds to each SET1 family member forming a minimal core complex that is required for multiple lysine methylation. We recently demonstrated that WRAD is a novel histone methyltransferase that preferentially catalyzes H3K4 dimethylation in a manner that is dependent on an unknown non-active-site surface from the MLL1 SET domain. Recent genome sequencing studies have identified a number of human disease-associated missense mutations that localize to the SET domains of several MLL family members. In this investigation, we mapped many of these mutations onto the three-dimensional structure of the SET domain and noticed that a subset of MLL2 (KMT2D, ALR, MLL4)-associated Kabuki syndrome missense mutations map to a common solvent-exposed surface that is not expected to alter enzymatic activity. We introduced these mutations into the MLL1 SET domain and observed that all are defective for H3K4 dimethylation by the MLL1 core complex, which is associated with a loss of the ability of MLL1 to interact with WRAD or with the RbBP5/Ash2L heterodimer. Our results suggest that amino acids from this surface, which we term the Kabuki interaction surface or KIS, are required for formation of a second active site within SET1 family core complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Shinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael Hu
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Valarie E Vought
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Sarah B Ng
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Michael S Cosgrove
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Toshner M, Dunmore BJ, McKinney EF, Southwood M, Caruso P, Upton PD, Waters JP, Ormiston ML, Skepper JN, Nash G, Rana AA, Morrell NW. Transcript analysis reveals a specific HOX signature associated with positional identity of human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91334. [PMID: 24651450 PMCID: PMC3961275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cell has a remarkable ability for sub-specialisation, adapted to the needs of a variety of vascular beds. The role of developmental programming versus the tissue contextual environment for this specialization is not well understood. Here we describe a hierarchy of expression of HOX genes associated with endothelial cell origin and location. In initial microarray studies, differential gene expression was examined in two endothelial cell lines: blood derived outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) and pulmonary artery endothelial cells. This suggested shared and differential patterns of HOX gene expression between the two endothelial lines. For example, this included a cluster on chromosome 2 of HOXD1, HOXD3, HOXD4, HOXD8 and HOXD9 that was expressed at a higher level in BOECs. Quantative PCR confirmed the higher expression of these HOXs in BOECs, a pattern that was shared by a variety of microvascular endothelial cell lines. Subsequently, we analysed publically available microarrays from a variety of adult cell and tissue types using the whole “HOX transcriptome” of all 39 HOX genes. Using hierarchical clustering analysis the HOX transcriptome was able to discriminate endothelial cells from 61 diverse human cell lines of various origins. In a separate publically available microarray dataset of 53 human endothelial cell lines, the HOX transcriptome additionally organized endothelial cells related to their organ or tissue of origin. Human tissue staining for HOXD8 and HOXD9 confirmed endothelial expression and also supported increased microvascular expression of these HOXs. Together these observations suggest a significant involvement of HOX genes in endothelial cell positional identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J. Dunmore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin F. McKinney
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paola Caruso
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Upton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Waters
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark L. Ormiston
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy N. Skepper
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Nash
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amer A. Rana
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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25
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Toshner M, Dunmore BJ, McKinney EF, Southwood M, Caruso P, Upton PD, Waters JP, Ormiston ML, Skepper JN, Nash G, Rana AA, Morrell NW. Transcript analysis reveals a specific HOX signature associated with positional identity of human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 1:430-5. [PMID: 23213434 PMCID: PMC3507213 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct topographic Hox expression patterns observed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the adult cardiovascular system suggest that these transcriptional regulators are critical for maintaining region-specific physiological properties of blood vessels. To test this proposition, we expanded the vascular Hoxc11 expression domain normally restricted to the lower limbs by utilizing an innovative integrated tetracycline regulatory system and Transgelin promoter elements to induce Hoxc11 expression universally in VSMCs of transgenic mice. Ectopic Hoxc11 expression in carotid arteries, aortic arch and descending aorta resulted in drastic vessel wall remodeling involving elastic laminae fragmentation, medial smooth muscle cell loss, and intimal lesion formation. None of these alterations were observed upon induction of Hoxc11 transgene expression in the femoral artery, i.e. the natural Hoxc11 activity domain, although this vessel was greatly enlarged, comparable to the topographically restricted vascular changes seen in Hoxc11−/− mice. To begin defining Hoxc11-controlled pathways of vascular remodeling, we performed immunolabeling studies in conjunction with co-transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using mouse vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells. The results suggest direct transcriptional control of two members of the matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) family, including Mmp2 and Mmp9 that are known as key players in the inception and progression of vascular remodeling events. In summary, the severe vascular abnormalities resulting from the induced dysregulated expression of a Hox gene with regional vascular patterning functions suggest that proper Hox function and regulation is critical for maintaining vascular functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Dunmore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin F McKinney
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paola Caruso
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John P Waters
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy N Skepper
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Nash
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amer A Rana
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Schäfer F, Wagner J, Knau A, Dimmeler S, Heckel A. Regulating angiogenesis with light-inducible AntimiRs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13558-61. [PMID: 24174377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of microRNAs (miRs) in a spatiotemporally defined manner by an exogenous trigger would help to specifically target the biological activity and avoid off-target effects. Novel antimiRs directed against miR-92a can be activated by irradiation (see scheme; 3'-UTR=3'-untranslated region) In this way miR-92a is inhibited, the miR-92a target integrin α5 is derepressed, and angiogenesis of endothelial cells is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schäfer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt (Germany)
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Schäfer F, Wagner J, Knau A, Dimmeler S, Heckel A. Regulation der Angiogenese durch lichtinduzierbare AntimiRs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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Distinct pathways regulated by menin and by MLL1 in hematopoietic stem cells and developing B cells. Blood 2013; 122:2039-46. [PMID: 23908472 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-486647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL1) translocations encode fusion proteins retaining the N terminus of MLL1, which interacts with the tumor suppressor, menin. This interaction is essential for leukemogenesis and thus is a promising drug target. However, wild-type MLL1 plays a critical role in sustaining hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); therefore, disruption of an essential MLL1 cofactor would be expected to obliterate normal hematopoiesis. Here we show that rather than working together as a complex, menin and MLL1 regulate distinct pathways during normal hematopoiesis, particularly in HSCs and B cells. We demonstrate the lack of genetic interaction between menin and MLL1 in steady-state or regenerative hematopoiesis and in B-cell differentiation despite the fact that MLL1 is critical for these processes. In B cells, menin- or MLL1-regulated genes can be classified into 3 categories: (1) a relatively small group of coregulated genes including previously described targets Hoxa9 and Meis1 but also Mecom and Eya1, and much larger groups of (2) exclusively menin-regulated and (3) exclusively MLL1-regulated genes. Our results highlight the large degree of independence of these 2 proteins and demonstrate that menin is not a requisite cofactor for MLL1 during normal hematopoiesis. Furthermore, our data support the development of menin-MLL1-disrupting drugs as safe and selective leukemia targeting agents.
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Abstract
The histone methyltransferase Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) is essential to maintain hematopoietic stem cells and is a leukemia protooncogene. Although clustered homeobox genes are well-characterized targets of MLL and MLL fusion oncoproteins, the range of Mll-regulated genes in normal hematopoietic cells remains unknown. Here, we identify and characterize part of the Mll-dependent transcriptional network in hematopoietic stem cells with an integrated approach by using conditional loss-of-function models, genomewide expression analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and functional rescue assays. The Mll-dependent transcriptional network extends well beyond the previously appreciated Hox targets, is comprised of many characterized regulators of self-renewal, and contains target genes that are both dependent and independent of the MLL cofactor, Menin. Interestingly, PR-domain containing 16 emerged as a target gene that is uniquely effective at partially rescuing Mll-deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This work highlights the tissue-specific nature of regulatory networks under the control of MLL/Trithorax family members and provides insight into the distinctions between the participation of MLL in normal hematopoiesis and in leukemia.
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30
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Ding D, Qu X, Li L, Zhou X, Liu S, Lin S, Wang P, Liu S, Kong C, Wang X, Liu L, Zhu H. Involvement of histone methyltransferase GLP in HIV-1 latency through catalysis of H3K9 dimethylation. Virology 2013; 440:182-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Mansouri S, Wang S, Frappier L. A role for the nucleosome assembly proteins TAF-Iβ and NAP1 in the activation of BZLF1 expression and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63802. [PMID: 23691099 PMCID: PMC3653829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from latent to lytic infection begins with the expression of the viral BZLF1 gene, leading to a subsequent cascade of viral gene expression and amplification of the EBV genome. Using RNA interference, we show that nucleosome assembly proteins NAP1 and TAF-I positively contribute to EBV reactivation in epithelial cells through the induction of BZLF1 expression. In addition, overexpression of NAP1 or the β isoform of TAF-I (TAF-Iβ) in AGS cells latently infected with EBV was sufficient to induce BZLF1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments performed in AGS-EBV cells showed that TAF-I associated with the BZLF1 promoter upon lytic induction and affected local histone modifications by increasing H3K4 dimethylation and H4K8 acetylation. MLL1, the host protein known to dimethylate H3K4, was found to associate with the BZLF1 promoter upon lytic induction in a TAF-I-dependent manner, and MLL1 depletion decreased BZLF1 expression, confirming its contribution to lytic reactivation. The results indicate that TAF-Iβ promotes BZLF1 expression and subsequent lytic infection by affecting chromatin at the BZLF1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori Frappier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Hagemann S, Brönneke S, Winnefeld M. Implications of epigenetic mechanisms for vascular development and disease. Epigenomics 2013; 4:475-7. [PMID: 23130827 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Kaluza D, Kroll J, Gesierich S, Manavski Y, Boeckel JN, Doebele C, Zelent A, Rössig L, Zeiher AM, Augustin HG, Urbich C, Dimmeler S. Histone Deacetylase 9 Promotes Angiogenesis by Targeting the Antiangiogenic MicroRNA-17–92 Cluster in Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:533-43. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate gene expression by deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. Several HDACs control angiogenesis, but the role of HDAC9 is unclear.
Methods and Results—
Here, we analyzed the function of HDAC9 in angiogenesis and its involvement in regulating microRNAs. In vitro, silencing of HDAC9 reduces endothelial cell tube formation and sprouting. Furthermore, HDAC9 silencing decreases vessel formation in a spheroid-based Matrigel plug assay in mice and disturbs vascular patterning in zebrafish embryos. Genetic deletion of HDAC9 reduces retinal vessel outgrowth and impairs blood flow recovery after hindlimb ischemia. Consistently, overexpression of HDAC9 increases endothelial cell sprouting, whereas mutant constructs lacking the catalytic domain, the nuclear localization sequence, or sumoylation site show no effect. To determine the mechanism underlying the proangiogenic effect of HDAC9, we measured the expression of the microRNA (miR)-17–92 cluster, which is known for its antiangiogenic activity. We demonstrate that silencing of HDAC9 in endothelial cells increases the expression of miR-17–92. Inhibition of miR-17–20a rescues the sprouting defects induced by HDAC9 silencing in vitro and blocking miR-17 expression partially reverses the disturbed vascular patterning of HDAC9 knockdown in zebrafish embryos.
Conclusion—
We found that HDAC9 promotes angiogenesis and transcriptionally represses the miR-17–92 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kaluza
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Jens Kroll
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Sabine Gesierich
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Yosif Manavski
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Jes-Niels Boeckel
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Carmen Doebele
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Arthur Zelent
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Lothar Rössig
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Andreas M. Zeiher
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Carmen Urbich
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (D.K., Y.M., J.-N.B., C.D., L.R., C.U., S.D.); Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (J.K., S.G., H.G.A.); Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J
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Kachgal S, Mace KA, Boudreau NJ. The dual roles of homeobox genes in vascularization and wound healing. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:457-70. [PMID: 23076135 PMCID: PMC3547888 DOI: 10.4161/cam.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes represent a family of highly conserved transcription factors originally discovered to regulate organ patterning during development. More recently, several homeobox genes were shown to affect processes in adult tissue, including angiogenesis and wound healing. Whereas a subset of members of the Hox-family of homeobox genes activate growth and migration to promote angiogenesis or wound healing, other Hox genes function to restore or maintain quiescent, differentiated tissue function. Pathological tissue remodeling is linked to differential expression of activating or stabilizing Hox genes and dysregulation of Hox expression can contribute to disease progression. Studies aimed at understanding the role and regulation of Hox genes have provided insight into how these potent morphoregulatory genes can be applied to enhance tissue engineering or limit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kachgal
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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Zhang N, Gong L, Zhang H, Cao C. High Glucose–Induced Dysfunction of Endothelial Cells can be Restored by HoxA9EC. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 26:1002-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Histone methylase MLL1 has critical roles in tumor growth and angiogenesis and its knockdown suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Oncogene 2012; 32:3359-70. [PMID: 22926525 PMCID: PMC3511651 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemias (MLL) are human histone H3 lysine-4 specific methyl transferases that play critical roles in gene expression, epigenetics, and cancer. Herein, we demonstrated that antisense-mediated knockdown of MLL1 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cultured cells. Intriguingly, application of MLL1-antisense specifically knocked down MLL1 in vivo and suppressed the growth of xenografted cervical tumor implanted in nude mouse. MLL1-knockdown downregulated various growth and angiogenic factors such as HIF1α, VEGF and CD31 in tumor tissue affecting tumor growth. MLL1 is overexpressed along the line of vascular network and localized adjacent to endothelial cell layer expressing CD31, indicating potential roles of MLL1 in vasculogenesis. MLL1 is also overexpressed in the hypoxic regions along with HIF1α. Overall, our studies demonstrated that MLL1 is a key player in hypoxia signaling, vasculogenesis, and tumor growth, and its depletion suppresses tumor growth in vivo, indicating its potential in novel cancer therapy.
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Schleithoff C, Voelter-Mahlknecht S, Dahmke IN, Mahlknecht U. On the epigenetics of vascular regulation and disease. Clin Epigenetics 2012; 4:7. [PMID: 22621747 PMCID: PMC3438017 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consolidated knowledge is accumulating as to the role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the physiology of vascular development and vascular tone as well as in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The modulation of gene expression through modification of the epigenome by structural changes of the chromatin architecture without alterations of the associated genomic DNA sequence is part of the cellular response to environmental changes. Such environmental conditions, which are finally being translated into adaptations of the cardiovascular system, also comprise pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis or myocardial infarction. This review summarizes recent findings on the epigenetics of vascular regulation and disease and presents nutritional and pharmacological approaches as novel epigenetic strategies in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schleithoff
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Homburg, Saar, D-66421, Germany
| | - Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, D-72074, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Indra Navina Dahmke
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Homburg, Saar, D-66421, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mahlknecht
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Homburg, Saar, D-66421, Germany
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MicroRNA-27a/b controls endothelial cell repulsion and angiogenesis by targeting semaphorin 6A. Blood 2012; 119:1607-16. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-373886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. miR-27 is expressed in endothelial cells, but the specific functions of miR-27b and its family member miR-27a are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of miR-27a and miR-27b significantly increased endothelial cell sprouting. Inhibition of both miR-27a and miR-27b impaired endothelial cell sprout formation and induced endothelial cell repulsion in vitro. In vivo, inhibition of miR-27a/b decreased the number of perfused vessels in Matrigel plugs and impaired embryonic vessel formation in zebrafish. Mechanistically, miR-27 regulated the expression of the angiogenesis inhibitor semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) in vitro and in vivo and targeted the 3′-untranslated region of SEMA6A. Silencing of SEMA6A partially reversed the inhibition of endothelial cell sprouting and abrogated the repulsion of endothelial cells mediated by miR-27a/b inhibition, indicating that SEMA6A is a functionally relevant miR-27 downstream target regulating endothelial cell repulsion. In summary, we show that miR-27a/b promotes angiogenesis by targeting the angiogenesis inhibitor SEMA6A, which controls repulsion of neighboring endothelial cells.
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A human ESC model for MLL-AF4 leukemic fusion gene reveals an impaired early hematopoietic-endothelial specification. Cell Res 2012; 22:986-1002. [PMID: 22212479 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The MLL-AF4 fusion gene is a hallmark genomic aberration in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants. Although it is well established that MLL-AF4 arises prenatally during human development, its effects on hematopoietic development in utero remain unexplored. We have created a human-specific cellular system to study early hemato-endothelial development in MLL-AF4-expressing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Functional studies, clonal analysis and gene expression profiling reveal that expression of MLL-AF4 in hESCs has a phenotypic, functional and gene expression impact. MLL-AF4 acts as a global transcriptional activator and a positive regulator of homeobox gene expression in hESCs. Functionally, MLL-AF4 enhances the specification of hemogenic precursors from hESCs but strongly impairs further hematopoietic commitment in favor of an endothelial cell fate. MLL-AF4 hESCs are transcriptionally primed to differentiate towards hemogenic precursors prone to endothelial maturation, as reflected by the marked upregulation of master genes associated to vascular-endothelial functions and early hematopoiesis. Furthermore, we report that MLL-AF4 expression is not sufficient to transform hESC-derived hematopoietic cells. This work illustrates how hESCs may provide unique insights into human development and further our understanding of how leukemic fusion genes, known to arise prenatally, regulate human embryonic hematopoietic specification.
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Krause B, Hanson M, Casanello P. Role of nitric oxide in placental vascular development and function. Placenta 2011; 32:797-805. [PMID: 21798594 PMCID: PMC3218217 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most pleiotropic signaling molecules at systemic and cellular levels, participating in vascular tone regulation, cellular respiration, proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression. Indeed NO actively participates in trophoblast invasion, placental development and represents the main vasodilator in this tissue. Despite the large number of studies addressing the role of NO in the placenta, its participation in placental vascular development and the effect of altered levels of NO on placental function remains to be clarified. This review draws a time-line of the participation of NO throughout placental vascular development, from the differentiation of vascular precursors to the consolidation of vascular function are considered. The influence of NO on cell types involved in the origin of the placental vasculature and the expression and function of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS) throughout pregnancy are described. The developmental processes involved in the placental vascular bed are considered, such as the participation of NO in placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through VEGF and Angiopoietin signaling molecules. The role of NO in vascular function once the placental vascular tree has developed, in normal pregnancy as well as in pregnancy-related diseases, is then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.J. Krause
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - M.A. Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Academic Unit of Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - P. Casanello
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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Wan X, Hu B, Liu JX, Feng X, Xiao W. Zebrafish mll gene is essential for hematopoiesis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:33345-57. [PMID: 21784840 PMCID: PMC3190926 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.253252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies implicate an important role for the mixed lineage leukemia (Mll) gene in hematopoiesis, mainly through maintaining Hox gene expression. However, the mechanisms underlying Mll-mediated hematopoiesis during embryogenesis remain largely unclear. Here, we investigate the role of mll during zebrafish embryogenesis, particularly hematopoiesis. Mll depletion caused severe defects in hematopoiesis as indicated by a lack of blood flow and mature blood cells as well as a significant reduction in expression of hematopoietic progenitor and mature blood cell markers. Furthermore, mll depletion prevented the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. In addition, we identified the N-terminal mini-peptide of Mll that acted as a dominant negative form to disrupt normal function of mll during embryogenesis. As expected, mll knockdown altered the expression of a subset of Hox genes. However, overexpression of these down-regulated Hox genes only partially rescued the blood deficiency, suggesting that mll may target additional genes to regulate hematopoiesis. In the mll morphants, microarray analysis revealed a dramatic up-regulation of gadd45αa. Multiple assays indicate that mll inhibited gadd45αa expression and that overexpression of gadd45αa mRNA led to a phenotype similar to the one seen in the mll morphants. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that zebrafish mll plays essential roles in hematopoiesis and that gadd45αa may serve as a potential downstream target for mediating the function of mll in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wan
- From the Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Hu
- From the Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing-xia Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xi Feng
- From the Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- From the Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Shome S, Rana T, Ganguly S, Basu B, Chaki Choudhury S, Sarkar C, Chakroborty D, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Dopamine regulates angiogenesis in normal dermal wound tissues. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25215. [PMID: 21949884 PMCID: PMC3176820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a normal physiological process and comprises different phases. Among these phases, angiogenesis or new blood vessel formation in wound tissue plays an important role. Skin is richly supplied by sympathetic nerves and evidences indicate the significant role of the sympathetic nervous system in cutaneous wound healing. Dopamine (DA) is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nerve endings and recent studies have demonstrated the potent anti-angiogenic action of DA, which is mediated through its D2 DA receptors. We therefore postulate that this endogenous catecholamine neurotransmitter may have a role in the neovascularization of dermal wound tissues and subsequently in the process of wound healing. In the present study, the therapeutic efficacy of D2 DA receptor antagonist has been investigated for faster wound healing in a murine model of full thickness dermal wound. Our results indicate that treatment with specific D2 DA receptor antagonist significantly expedites the process of full thickness normal dermal wound healing in mice by inducing angiogenesis in wound tissues. The underlined mechanisms have been attributed to the up-regulation of homeobox transcription factor HoxD3 and its target α5β1 integrin, which play a pivotal role in wound angiogenesis. Since D2 DA receptor antagonists are already in clinical use for other disorders, these results have significant translational value from the bench to the bedside for efficient wound management along with other conventional treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Shome
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapasi Rana
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhalakshmi Ganguly
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Biswarup Basu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandipan Chaki Choudhury
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrani Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Debanjan Chakroborty
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Partha Sarathi Dasgupta
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (PSD); (SB)
| | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorthy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PSD); (SB)
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Class IIb HDAC6 regulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by deacetylation of cortactin. EMBO J 2011; 30:4142-56. [PMID: 21847094 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins, thereby affecting protein activity and gene expression. The regulation and function of the cytoplasmic class IIb HDAC6 in endothelial cells (ECs) is largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC6 is upregulated by hypoxia and is essential for angiogenesis. Silencing of HDAC6 in ECs decreases sprouting and migration in vitro and formation of functional vascular networks in matrigel plugs in vivo. HDAC6 regulates zebrafish vessel formation, and HDAC6-deficient mice showed a reduced formation of perfused vessels in matrigel plugs. Consistently, overexpression of wild-type HDAC6 increases sprouting from spheroids. HDAC6 function requires the catalytic activity but is independent of ubiquitin binding and deacetylation of α-tubulin. Instead, we found that HDAC6 interacts with and deacetylates the actin-remodelling protein cortactin in ECs, which is essential for zebrafish vessel formation and which mediates the angiogenic effect of HDAC6. In summary, we show that HDAC6 is necessary for angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro, involving the interaction and deacetylation of cortactin that regulates EC migration and sprouting.
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Abstract
Epigenetic control mechanisms play a key role in the regulation of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis and modulate cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that lineage commitment of stem/progenitor cells is tightly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. These epigenetic control mechanisms include DNA and histone modifications, which modulate the chromatin structure thereby regulating access of transcription factors. Particularly, the modification of histone acetylation and methylation, which is controlled by families of histone acetylases/deacetylases and methyltransferases/demethylases, respectively, controls stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and function. This review article summarizes our current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms regulating the differentiation of cardiovascular cells, specifically endothelial cells and cardiac muscle lineages. In particular, the article will focus on the enzymes which modify histones and are involved in chromatin remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisho Ohtani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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45
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Cuccuini W, Poitevin S, Poitevin G, Dignat-George F, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Sabatier F, Nguyen P. Tissue factor up-regulation in proinflammatory conditions confers thrombin generation capacity to endothelial colony-forming cells without influencing non-coagulant properties in vitro. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:2042-52. [PMID: 20546120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are good candidates for cell-based therapy in cardiovascular diseases. However, concerns have been raised about the potential risks of EPC-based cell therapy, in terms of thrombogenicity particularly in inflammatory conditions, currently observed in such patients. Tissue factor (TF) can trigger coagulation and may support thrombogenicity. TF is also a key receptor in angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to (i) evaluate the capacity of resting and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α-stimulated late-outgrowth endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) to express TF and (ii) investigate the effect of TF/FVII(a) interaction on procoagulant and non-procoagulant activities of ECFCs in vitro. METHODS ECFCs from cord blood (cb) and adult peripheral blood (ab) were analyzed for TF expression and activity using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), flow cytometry, Western blot and a thrombin generation assay. Non-procoagulant properties of TF-expressing ECFCs were investigated in vitro using wound-healing, cell proliferation, tube formation and spheroid-based assays. RESULTS ECFCs expressed TF in response to TNF-α. The up-regulation of TF conferred to ECFCs a FVII(a)-dependent thrombin generation activity. Compared with cb-ECFC, ab-ECFCs can display a higher level of constitutive TF expression and activity, with a notable heterogeneity among donors. TF/FVIIa interaction did not modify non-procoagulant properties of TNF-α stimulated cb-ECFCs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory conditions up-regulate TF expression in ECFCs. This expression confers to ECFCs a strong thrombin generation capacity without influencing their non-coagulant properties. Our results suggest that EPC-based cell therapy may be associated with prothrombotic risk which could be limited by inhibiting TF without affecting the proangiogenic capacity of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cuccuini
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Robert Debré and EA-3801, Faculté de Médecine, IFR-53 Interactions Cellules MicroEnvironnement, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Diehl F, Brown MA, van Amerongen MJ, Novoyatleva T, Wietelmann A, Harriss J, Ferrazzi F, Böttger T, Harvey RP, Tucker PW, Engel FB. Cardiac deletion of Smyd2 is dispensable for mouse heart development. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9748. [PMID: 20305823 PMCID: PMC2840034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin modifying enzymes play a critical role in cardiac differentiation. Previously, it has been shown that the targeted deletion of the histone methyltransferase, Smyd1, the founding member of the SET and MYND domain containing (Smyd) family, interferes with cardiomyocyte maturation and proper formation of the right heart ventricle. The highly related paralogue, Smyd2 is a histone 3 lysine 4- and lysine 36-specific methyltransferase expressed in heart and brain. Here, we report that Smyd2 is differentially expressed during cardiac development with highest expression in the neonatal heart. To elucidate the functional role of Smyd2 in the heart, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice harboring a cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Smyd2 and performed histological, functional and molecular analyses. Unexpectedly, cardiac deletion of Smyd2 was dispensable for proper morphological and functional development of the murine heart and had no effect on global histone 3 lysine 4 or 36 methylation. However, we provide evidence for a potential role of Smyd2 in the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with translation and reveal that Smyd2, similar to Smyd3, interacts with RNA Polymerase II as well as to the RNA helicase, HELZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Diehl
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Hessen, Germany
| | - Mark A. Brown
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Machteld J. van Amerongen
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Hessen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Hessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Hessen, Germany
| | - June Harriss
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italia
| | - Thomas Böttger
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Hessen, Germany
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- Developmental Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip W. Tucker
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Felix B. Engel
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Hessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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van Solingen C, Seghers L, Bijkerk R, Duijs JMGJ, Roeten MK, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, Baelde HJ, Monge M, Vos JB, de Boer HC, Quax PHA, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ. Antagomir-mediated silencing of endothelial cell specific microRNA-126 impairs ischemia-induced angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:1577-85. [PMID: 19120690 PMCID: PMC3828868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are negative regulators of gene expression that play a key role in cell-type specific differentiation and modulation of cell function and have been proposed to be involved in neovascularization. Previously, using an extensive cloning and sequencing approach, we identified miR-126 to be specifically and highly expressed in human endothelial cells (EC). Here, we demonstrate EC-specific expression of miR-126 in capillaries and the larger vessels in vivo. We therefore explored the potential role of miR-126 in arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Using miR-reporter constructs, we show that miR-126 is functionally active in EC in vitro and that it could be specifically repressed using antagomirs specifically targeting miR-126. To study the consequences of miR-126 silencing on vascular regeneration, mice were injected with a single dose of antagomir-126 or a control 'scramblemir' and exposed to ischemia of the left hindlimb by ligation of the femoral artery. Although miR-126 was effectively silenced in mice treated with a single, high dose (HD) of antagomir-126, laser Doppler perfusion imaging did not show effects on blood flow recovery. In contrast, quantification of the capillary density in the gastrocnemius muscle revealed that mice treated with a HD of antagomir-126 had a markedly reduced angiogenic response. Aortic explant cultures of the mice confirmed the role of miR-126 in angiogenesis. Our data demonstrate a facilitary function for miR-126 in ischemia-induced angiogenesis and show the efficacy and specificity of antagomir-induced silencing of EC-specific microRNAs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen van Solingen
- Department of Nephrology and the Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Winnik S, Klinkert M, Kurz H, Zoeller C, Heinke J, Wu Y, Bode C, Patterson C, Moser M. HoxB5 induces endothelial sprouting in vitro and modifies intussusceptive angiogenesis in vivo involving angiopoietin-2. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 83:558-65. [PMID: 19403561 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Homeobox (Hox) proteins are transcriptional regulators in embryonic patterning, cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration in vertebrates and invertebrates. A growing body of evidence suggests that Hox proteins are involved in endothelial cell regulation. We have shown earlier that HoxB5 upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and thereby contributes to enhanced endothelial precursor cell differentiation. Here we aim to elucidate the role of HoxB5 in angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial cell sprouting was investigated in the human umbilical vein endothelial cell spheroid assay. We investigated in vivo angiogenesis in the chick (Gallus gallus) chorioallantoic membrane assay. Expression profiling of proangiogenic factors was done by quantitative PCR. The angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) promoter and deletion fragments thereof were cloned into the pGL3 reporter system for analysis of transcriptional activity. We observed that HoxB5 enhances endothelial cell sprouting and modulates the expression of adhesion molecules in vitro. Accordingly, we observed a modification of vascular growth by HoxB5 in vivo. The HoxB5 effect is reminiscent of the effects of angiopoietins. We demonstrate that Ang2 is upregulated upon HoxB5 overexpression and that the HoxB5 effect is abolished by the angiopoietin antagonist soluble Tie-2. CONCLUSION HoxB5 has an activating effect on Ang2 that is essential for endothelial cell sprouting and coordinated vascular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Winnik
- Department of Cardiology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
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Abstract
The histone-modifying enzymes that catalyze reversible lysine acetylation and methylation are central to the epigenetic regulation of chromatin remodeling. From the early discovery of histone deacetylase inhibitors to the more recent identification of histone demethylase blockers, chemical approaches offer increasingly sophisticated tools for the investigation of the structure and function of these lysine-modifying enzymes. This review summarizes progress to date on compounds identified from screens or by design that can modulate the activity of classical histone deacetylases, sirtuins, histone acetyltransferases, histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases. We highlight applications of compounds to mechanistic and functional studies involving these enzymes and discuss future challenges regarding target specificity and general utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of Medicine, 75 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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BAT3 and SET1A form a complex with CTCFL/BORIS to modulate H3K4 histone dimethylation and gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:6720-9. [PMID: 18765639 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00568-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin status is characterized in part by covalent posttranslational modifications of histones that regulate chromatin dynamics and direct gene expression. BORIS (brother of the regulator of imprinted sites) is an insulator DNA-binding protein that is thought to play a role in chromatin organization and gene expression. BORIS is a cancer-germ line gene; these are genes normally present in male germ cells (testis) that are also expressed in cancer cell lines as well as primary tumors. This work identifies SET1A, an H3K4 methyltransferase, and BAT3, a cochaperone recruiter, as binding partners for BORIS, and these proteins bind to the upstream promoter regions of two well-characterized procarcinogenic genes, Myc and BRCA1. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of BAT3, as well as SET1A, decreased Myc and BRCA1 gene expression but did not affect the binding properties of BORIS, but RNAi knockdown of BORIS prevented the assembly of BAT3 and SET1A at the Myc and BRCA1 promoters. Finally, chromatin analysis suggested that BORIS and BAT3 exert their effects on gene expression by recruiting proteins such as SET1A that are linked to changes in H3K4 dimethylation. Thus, we propose that BORIS acts as a platform upon which BAT3 and SET1A assemble and exert effects upon chromatin structure and gene expression.
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