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Jin Z, Dong YT, Liu S, Liu J, Qiu XR, Zhang Y, Zong H, Hou WT, Guo SY, Sun YF, Chen SM, Dong HQ, Li YY, An MM, Shen H. Potential of Polyethyleneimine as an Adjuvant To Prepare Long-Term and Potent Antifungal Nanovaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843684. [PMID: 35651617 PMCID: PMC9149211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida albicans infections are particularly prevalent in immunocompromised patients. Even with appropriate treatment with current antifungal drugs, the mortality rate of invasive candidiasis remains high. Many positive results have been achieved in the current vaccine development. There are also issues such as the vaccine's protective effect is not persistent. Considering the functionality and cost of the vaccine, it is important to develop safe and efficient new vaccines with long-term effects. In this paper, an antifungal nanovaccine with Polyethyleneimine (PEI) as adjuvant was constructed, which could elicit more effective and long-term immunity via stimulating B cells to differentiate into long-lived plasma cells. Materials and Methods Hsp90-CTD is an important target for protective antibodies during disseminated candidiasis. Hsp90-CTD was used as the antigen, then introduced SDS to "charge" the protein and added PEI to form the nanovaccine. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope were conducted to identify the size distribution, zeta potential, and morphology of nanovaccine. The antibody titers in mice immunized with the nanovaccine were measured by ELISA. The activation and maturation of long-lived plasma cells in bone marrow by nanovaccine were also investigated via flow cytometry. Finally, the kidney of mice infected with Candida albicans was stained with H&E and PAS to evaluate the protective effect of antibody in serum produced by immunized mice. Results Nanoparticles (NP) formed by Hsp90-CTD and PEI are small, uniform, and stable. NP had an average size of 116.2 nm with a PDI of 0.13. After immunizing mice with the nanovaccine, it was found that the nano-group produced antibodies faster and for a longer time. After 12 months of immunization, mice still had high and low levels of antibodies in their bodies. Results showed that the nanovaccine could promote the differentiation of B cells into long-lived plasma cells and maintain the long-term existence of antibodies in vivo. After immunization, the antibodies in mice could protect the mice infected by C. albicans. Conclusion As an adjuvant, PEI can promote the differentiation of B cells into long-lived plasma cells to maintain long-term antibodies in vivo. This strategy can be adapted for the future design of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ting Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ran Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Tong Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Fang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Qing Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Mao An
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Qian Q, Li Y, Fu J, Leng D, Dong Z, Shi J, Shi H, Cao D, Cheng X, Hu Y, Luo Q, Hu M, Ran Y, Tang H, Liu H, Liu J. Switch-associated protein 70 protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through suppression of TAK1. Hepatology 2022; 75:1507-1522. [PMID: 34689362 PMCID: PMC9321549 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NAFLD is a progressive disease without known effective drug treatments. Switch-associated protein 70 (SWAP70) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that participates in the regulation of many cellular processes. However, the role of SWAP70 in NAFLD remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the function and mechanism of SWAP70 in NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS The results showed that the expression of SWAP70 was significantly increased in mice and hepatocytes after metabolic stimulation. Overexpression of SWAP70 in hepatocytes suppressed lipid deposition and inflammation, and SWAP70 knockdown created the inverse effect. Using hepatocyte-specific Swap70 knockout and overexpression mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet, we demonstrated that SWAP70 suppressed the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, and fibrosis. Mechanically, RNA sequencing analysis and immunoprecipitation assays revealed that SWAP70 inhibited the interaction between transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) binding protein 1 and TAK1 and sequentially suppressed the phosphorylation of TAK1 and subsequent c-Jun N-terminal kinase/P38 signaling. Inhibition of TAK1 activation blocked hepatocyte lipid deposition and inflammation caused by SWAP70 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS SWAP70 is a protective molecule that can suppress the progression of NAFLD by inhibiting hepatic steatosis and inflammation. SWAP70 may be important for mitigating the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiajun Fu
- Medical Science Research CentreZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dewen Leng
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiajun Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongjie Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dengwei Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Medical Science Research CentreZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiujie Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Manli Hu
- Medical Science Research CentreZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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3
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Phalke S, Rivera-Correa J, Jenkins D, Flores Castro D, Giannopoulou E, Pernis AB. Molecular mechanisms controlling age-associated B cells in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:79-100. [PMID: 35102602 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of immune responses. Their inappropriate expansion and differentiation have increasingly been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, aging-associated diseases, and infections. ABCs exhibit a distinctive phenotype and, in addition to classical B cell markers, often express the transcription factor T-bet and myeloid markers like CD11c; hence, these cells are also commonly known as CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells. Formation of ABCs is promoted by distinctive combinations of innate and adaptive signals. In addition to producing antibodies, these cells display antigen-presenting and proinflammatory capabilities. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the ABC compartment exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity, plasticity, and sex-specific regulation and that ABCs can differentiate into effector progeny via several routes particularly in autoimmune settings. In this review, we will discuss the initial insights that have been obtained on the molecular machinery that controls ABCs and we will highlight some of the unique aspects of this control system that may enable ABCs to fulfill their distinctive role in immune responses. Given the expanding array of autoimmune disorders and pathophysiological settings in which ABCs are being implicated, a deeper understanding of this machinery could have important and broad therapeutic implications for the successful, albeit daunting, task of targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Phalke
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Jenkins
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danny Flores Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evgenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Arulraj T, Binder SC, Meyer-Hermann M. In Silico Analysis of the Longevity and Timeline of Individual Germinal Center Reactions in a Primary Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071736. [PMID: 34359906 PMCID: PMC8306527 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are transient structures in the secondary lymphoid organs, where B cells undergo affinity maturation to produce high affinity memory and plasma cells. The lifetime of GC responses is a critical factor limiting the extent of affinity maturation and efficiency of antibody responses. While the average lifetime of overall GC reactions in a lymphoid organ is determined experimentally, the lifetime of individual GCs has not been monitored due to technical difficulties in longitudinal analysis. In silico analysis of the contraction phase of GC responses towards primary immunization with sheep red blood cells suggested that if individual GCs had similar lifetimes, the data would be consistent only when new GCs were formed until a very late phase after immunization. Alternatively, there could be a large variation in the lifetime of individual GCs suggesting that both long and short-lived GCs might exist in the same lymphoid organ. Simulations predicted that such differences in the lifetime of GCs could arise due to variations in antigen availability and founder cell composition. These findings identify the potential factors limiting GC lifetime and contribute to an understanding of overall GC responses from the perspective of individual GCs in a primary immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theinmozhi Arulraj
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.A.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Sebastian C. Binder
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.A.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.A.); (S.C.B.)
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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5
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Faumont N, Taoui O, Collares D, Jais JP, Leroy K, Prévaud L, Jardin F, Molina TJ, Copie-Bergman C, Petit B, Gourin MP, Bordessoule D, Troutaud D, Baud V, Feuillard J. c-Rel Is the Pivotal NF-κB Subunit in Germinal Center Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A LYSA Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638897. [PMID: 33959502 PMCID: PMC8095348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between c-Rel and GCB-DLBCLs remain unclear. We found that strong c-Rel DNA-binding activity was mostly found in GCBs on two independent series of 48 DLBCLs and 66 DLBCLs, the latter issued from the GHEDI series. c-Rel DNA-binding activity was associated with increased REL mRNA expression. Extending the study to the whole GHEDI and Lenz DLBCL published series of 202 and 233 cases, it was found that the c-Rel gene expression profile (GEP) overlapped partially (12%) but only with the GCB GEP and not with the GEP of ABC-DLBCLs. Cases with both overexpression of REL mRNA and c-Rel GEP were defined as those having a c-Rel signature. These cases were GCBs in 88 and 83% of the GHEDI or Lenz's DLBCL series respectively. The c-Rel signature was also associated with various recurrent GCB-DLBCL genetic events, including REL gains, BCL2 translocation, MEF2B, EZH2, CREBBP, and TNFRSF14 mutations and with the EZB GCB genetic subtype. By CGH array, the c-Rel signature was specifically correlated with 2p15-16.1 amplification that includes XPO1, BCL11A, and USP34 and with the 22q11.22 deletion that covers IGLL5 and PRAME. The total number of gene copy number aberrations, so-called genomic imbalance complexity, was decreased in cases with the c-Rel signature. These cases exhibited a better overall survival. Functionally, overexpression of c-Rel induced its constitutive nuclear localization and protected cells against apoptosis while its repression tended to increase cell death. These results show that, clinically and biologically, c-Rel is the pivotal NF-κB subunit in the GCB-DLBCL subgroup. Functionally, c-Rel overexpression could directly promote DLBCL tumorigenesis without need for further activation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Faumont
- CNRS UMR-7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, University of Limoges, and Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Oussama Taoui
- CNRS UMR-7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, University of Limoges, and Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Davi Collares
- Université de Paris, NF-κappaB, Differentiation and Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Karen Leroy
- UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris Descartes University, CARPEM, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Léa Prévaud
- CNRS UMR-7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, University of Limoges, and Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Jardin
- Inserm U1245 and Department of Henri-Becquerel Hematology Center and Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry J Molina
- Université de Paris, NF-κappaB, Differentiation and Cancer, Paris, France.,Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Barbara Petit
- Pathology Department, CHU of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gourin
- Regional Reference Structure of Limousin Lymphomas, Clinical Hematology Department, CHU of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Dominique Bordessoule
- CNRS UMR-7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, University of Limoges, and Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Regional Reference Structure of Limousin Lymphomas, Clinical Hematology Department, CHU of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Véronique Baud
- Université de Paris, NF-κappaB, Differentiation and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean Feuillard
- CNRS UMR-7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, University of Limoges, and Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
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6
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Kwon YC, Lim J, Bang SY, Ha E, Hwang MY, Yoon K, Choe JY, Yoo DH, Lee SS, Lee J, Chung WT, Kim TH, Sung YK, Shim SC, Choi CB, Jun JB, Kang YM, Shin JM, Lee YK, Cho SK, Kim BJ, Lee HS, Kim K, Bae SC. Genome-wide association study in a Korean population identifies six novel susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1438-1445. [PMID: 32723749 PMCID: PMC7569386 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have discovered over 100 RA loci, explaining patient-relevant RA pathogenesis but showing a large fraction of missing heritability. As a continuous effort, we conducted GWAS in a large Korean RA case-control population. METHODS We newly generated genome-wide variant data in two independent Korean cohorts comprising 4068 RA cases and 36 487 controls, followed by a whole-genome imputation and a meta-analysis of the disease association results in the two cohorts. By integrating publicly available omics data with the GWAS results, a series of bioinformatic analyses were conducted to prioritise the RA-risk genes in RA loci and to dissect biological mechanisms underlying disease associations. RESULTS We identified six new RA-risk loci (SLAMF6, CXCL13, SWAP70, NFKBIA, ZFP36L1 and LINC00158) with pmeta<5×10-8 and consistent disease effect sizes in the two cohorts. A total of 122 genes were prioritised from the 6 novel and 13 replicated RA loci based on physical distance, regulatory variants and chromatin interaction. Bioinformatics analyses highlighted potentially RA-relevant tissues (including immune tissues, lung and small intestine) with tissue-specific expression of RA-associated genes and suggested the immune-related gene sets (such as CD40 pathway, IL-21-mediated pathway and citrullination) and the risk-allele sharing with other diseases. CONCLUSION This study identified six new RA-associated loci that contributed to better understanding of the genetic aetiology and biology in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Kwon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lim
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Bang
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Choe
- Department of Rheumatology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Yoo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Seok Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Bum Choi
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Jun
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Shin
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Cho
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Soon Lee
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangwoo Kim
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Sailo L, Kumar A, Sah V, Chaudhary R, Upmanyu V, Tiwari AK, Kumar A, Pandey A, Saxena S, Singh A, Wani SA, Gandham RK, Rai A, Mishra BP, Singh RK. Genome-wide integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles to identify differentially expressed miR-22-5p and miR-27b-5p in response to classical swine fever vaccine virus. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:901-918. [PMID: 31134483 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of crossbred pigs in response to CSF vaccination on 7 and 21 days of post vaccination as compared to unvaccinated control (0 dpv). Simultaneously, set of miRNA was predicted using mRNA seq data at same time point. The proportion of CD4-CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ increased after vaccination, and the mean percentage inhibition was 86.89% at 21 dpv. It was observed that 22 miRNAs were commonly expressed on both the time points. Out of predicted DE miRNAs, it was found that 40 and 35 DE miRNAs were common, obtained from miRNA seq analysis and predicted using mRNA seq data on 7 dpv versus 0 dpv and 21 dpv versus 0 dpv respectively. Two DE miRNAs, ssc-miR-22-5p and ssc-miR-27b-5p, were selected based on their log2 fold change and functions of their target genes in immune process/pathway of viral infections. The validations of DE miRNAs using qRT-PCR were in concordance with miRNA seq analysis. Two set of target genes, CD40 and SWAP70 (target gene of ssc-miR-22-5p) and TLR4 and Lyn (target gene of ssc-miR-27b-5p), were validated and were in concordance with results of RNA seq analysis at a particular time point (except TLR4). The first report of genome-wide identification of differentially expressed miRNA in response to live attenuated vaccine virus of classical swine fever revealed miR-22-5p and miR-27b-5p were differentially expressed at 7 dpv and 21 dpv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalrengpuii Sailo
- Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India.
| | - Vaishali Sah
- Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - Rajni Chaudhary
- Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - Vikramaditya Upmanyu
- Standardization Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Standardization Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Animal Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - Aruna Pandey
- Animal Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Animal Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - Akansha Singh
- Animal Genetics and Breeding, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India.
| | - Anil Rai
- Head Centre for Bioinformatics, IASRI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
| | - R K Singh
- Animal Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 143122, India
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8
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Chen Q, Han B, Meng X, Duan C, Yang C, Wu Z, Magafurov D, Zhao S, Safin S, Jiang C, Cai J. Immunogenomic analysis reveals LGALS1 contributes to the immune heterogeneity and immunosuppression in glioma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:517-530. [PMID: 30613962 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic and dynamic communication between tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment accelerates the initiation, progression, chemoresistance and immune evasion of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the immunosuppressive mechanisms of GBM has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. We enrolled six microenvironmental signatures to identify glioma microenvironmental genes. The functional enrichment analysis such as ssGSEA, ESTIMATE algorithm, Gene Ontology, Pathway analysis is conducted to discover the potential function of microenvironmental genes. In vivo and in vitro experiments are used to verify the immunologic function of LGALS1 in GBM. We screen eight glioma microenvironmental genes from glioma databases, and discover a key immunosuppressive gene (LGALS1 encoding Galectin-1) exhibiting obviously prognostic significance among glioma microenvironmental genes. Gliomas with different LGALS1 expression have specific genomic variation spectrums. Immunosuppression is a predominate characteristic in GBMs with high expression of LGALS1. Knockdown of LGALS1 remodels the GBM immunosuppressive microenvironment by down regulating M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and inhibiting immunosuppressive cytokines. Our results thus implied an important role of microenvironmental regulation in glioma malignancy and provided evidences of LGALS1 contributing to immunosuppressive environment in glioma and that targeting LGALS1 could remodel immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunbin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changxiao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dinislam Magafurov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Rehabilitation ICPE, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Shihong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shamil Safin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Rehabilitation ICPE, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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9
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Manni M, Ricker E, Pernis AB. Regulation of systemic autoimmunity and CD11c + Tbet + B cells by SWEF proteins. Cell Immunol 2017; 321:46-51. [PMID: 28780965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the existence of a T-bet dependent subset of B cells, which expresses unique phenotypic and functional characteristics including high levels of CD11c and CD11b. In the murine system this B cell subset has been termed Age/autoimmune-associated B cells (ABCs) since it expands with age in non-autoimmune mice and it prematurely accumulates in autoimmune-prone strains. The molecular mechanisms that promote the expansion and function of ABCs are largely unknown. This review will focus on the SWEF proteins, a small family of Rho GEFs comprised of SWAP-70 and its homolog DEF6, a newly identified risk variant for human SLE. We will first provide an overview of the SWEF proteins and then discuss the complex array of biological processes that they control and the autoimmune phenotypes that spontaneously develop in their absence, highlighting the emerging involvement of these proteins in regulating ABCs. A better understanding of the pathways controlled by the SWEF proteins could help provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the expansion of ABCs in autoimmunity and potentially guide the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Manni
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edd Ricker
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA; David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Binder N, Miller C, Yoshida M, Inoue K, Nakano S, Hu X, Ivashkiv LB, Schett G, Pernis A, Goldring SR, Ross FP, Zhao B. Def6 Restrains Osteoclastogenesis and Inflammatory Bone Resorption. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3436-3447. [PMID: 28314855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts is a major cause of morbidity and disability in many inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mechanisms that regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in inflammatory settings are complex and have not been well elucidated. In this study, we identify the immunoregulator differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (Def6) as a novel inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis in physiological and inflammatory conditions. Def6 deficiency in Def6-/- mice enhanced the sensitivity of osteoclast precursors to the physiological osteoclastogenic inducer receptor activator for NF-κB ligand, and Def6-/- osteoclasts formed actin rings. Furthermore, Def6 deficiency markedly increased TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo and enhanced bone resorption in an inflammatory osteolysis mouse model. TNF-α serum levels correlated negatively with Def6 expression levels in osteoclast precursors obtained from RA patients, and the osteoclastogenic capacity of the osteoclast precursors was significantly inversely correlated with their Def6 expression levels, indicating that Def6 functions as an inhibitor of excessive osteoclast formation and bone destruction in RA. Mechanistically, Def6 suppressed osteoclastogenesis and the expression of key osteoclastogenic factors NFATc1, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1, and c-Fos by regulating an endogenous IFN-β-mediated autocrine feedback loop. The Def6-dependent pathway may represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent pathological bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Binder
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Christine Miller
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Shinichi Nakano
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Alessandra Pernis
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021.,Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; and
| | - Steven R Goldring
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - F Patrick Ross
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021
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11
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Ripich T, Chacón-Martínez CA, Fischer L, Pernis A, Kiessling N, Garbe AI, Jessberger R. SWEF Proteins Distinctly Control Maintenance and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161060. [PMID: 27561029 PMCID: PMC4999197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SWAP-70 and DEF6, two proteins that feature similar domain and motif arrangements, are mainly known for their functions in differentiated hematopoietic cells. Both proteins interact with and regulate RhoGTPases and F-actin dynamics, yet their role in hematopoietic stem and precursor cells (HSPCs) remained unexplored. Here, the role of the SWEF proteins SWAP-70 and DEF6 in HSPCs was examined. Both SWEF proteins are expressed in HSCs. HSCs and different precursor populations were analyzed in mice deficient for SWAP-70, DEF6, SWAP-70 and DEF6 (double knockout, DKO), and wild-type controls. HSPCs isolated from these strains were used for competitive adoptive transfer into irradiated wild-type mice. Reconstitution of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages in the recipient mice was determined. The numbers of HSPCs in the bone marrow of Swap-70-/- and Swap-70-/-Def6-/- mice were >3-fold increased. When transplanted into lethally irradiated wild-type recipients, the reconstitution potential of Swap-70-/- HSPCs was intrinsically impaired in competing with wild-type HSPCs for contribution to hematopoiesis. Def6-/- HSPCs show wild type-like reconstitution potential under the same transplantation conditions. DKO HSPCs reconstituted to only 25% of wild-type levels, indicating a partial rescue by DEF6 deficiency in the Swap-70-/- background. Our study reveals the two SWEF proteins as important contributors to HSPC biology. Despite their similarity these two proteins regulate HSC/progenitor homeostasis, self-renewal, lineage contributions and repopulation in a distinct and mostly antagonistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Ripich
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Luise Fischer
- Osteoimmunology, CRTD, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandra Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, United States of America
| | - Nadine Kiessling
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette I. Garbe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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12
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Chang YT, Shu CL, Lai JY, Lin CY, Chuu CP, Morishita K, Ichikawa T, Jessberger R, Fukui Y. SWAP-70 contributes to spontaneous transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:150-7. [PMID: 26103139 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) grow slowly after cultivation from animals, however, after an extended period of cultivation, their growth accelerates. We found that SWAP-70 deficient MEFs failed to increase growth rates. They maintain normal growth rates and proliferation cycles for at least 5 years. Complementing SWAP-70 deficiency in one of these MEF clones, MEF1F2, by expressing human SWAP-70 resulted in fast growth of the cells after further cultivation for a long period. The resulting cells show a transformation phenotype, since they grow on top of each other and do not show contact inhibition. This phenotype was reverted when sanguinarine, a putative SWAP-70 inhibitor, was added. Two SWAP-70 expressing clones were examined in detail. Even after cell density became very high their cdc2 and NFκB were still activated suggesting that they do not stop growing. One of the clones formed colonies in soft agar and formed tumors in nude mice. Lately, one more clone became transformed being able to make colonies in soft agar. We maintain 4 human SWAP-70 expressing MEF1F2 cell lines. Three out of 4 clones exhibited transforming phenotypes. The mouse SWAP-70 gene also promoted transformation of MEFs. Taken together our data suggest that SWAP-70 is not a typical oncogene, but is required for spontaneous transformation of MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Li Shu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Yang Lai
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yasuhisa Fukui
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC.
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13
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Jiang XX, Chou Y, Jones L, Wang T, Sanchez S, Huang XF, Zhang L, Wang C, Chen SY. Epigenetic Regulation of Antibody Responses by the Histone H2A Deubiquitinase MYSM1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13755. [PMID: 26348977 PMCID: PMC4562257 DOI: 10.1038/srep13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell-mediated antibody response plays critical roles in protective immunity, as well as in the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Epigenetic histone and DNA modifications regulate gene transcription and immunity; however, so far, little is known about the role of epigenetic regulation in antibody responses. In this study, we found that mice deficient in the histone H2A deubiquitinase MYSM1, despite their severe defect in B cell development, exhibit an enhanced antibody response against both T cell-dependent and independent antigens. We revealed that MYSM1 intrinsically represses plasma cell differentiation and antibody production. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that MYSM1 is a transcriptional activator of Pax5, the repressors of plasma cell differentiation, by facilitating key transcriptional factor recruitment and coordinating histone modifications at the Pax5 loci. Hence, this study uncovers a critical role for MYSM1 in epigenetically repressing plasma cell differentiation and antibody production, in addition to its opposing, active role in B cell development. Importantly, this study further provides a new target and strategy to modulate antibody production and responses with profound therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - YuChia Chou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Lindsey Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Suzi Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Xue F Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
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14
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Humpert ML, Pinto D, Jarrossay D, Thelen M. CXCR7 influences the migration of B cells during maturation. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:694-705. [PMID: 24259140 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The atypical chemokine receptor CXCR7 binds the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL11. The receptor is widely expressed and was shown to tune CXCR12-induced responses of CXCR4. Here, the function of CXCR7 was examined at late stages of human B-cell maturation, when B cells differentiate into Ab-secreting plasmablasts. We identified two populations of CXCR7(+) cells in tonsillar lymphocytes, one being presumably memory B cells or early plasmablasts (FSC(low) CD19(+) CD38(mid) ) and the other being plasmablasts or early plasma cells (FSC(high) CD19(+) CD38(+) ). CXCR7 is expressed on CD19(+) CD27(+) memory B cells, on CD19(+) CD38(+) CD138(-) and intracellular immunoglobulin high plasmablasts, but not on CD19(+) CD138(+) icIg(high) plasma cells. The differential expression pattern suggests a potential contribution of the scavenger receptor in final B-cell maturation. On in vitro differentiating B cells, we found a marked inverse correlation between CXCR7 and CXCR5 cell surface levels, whereas expression of CXCR4 remained almost constant. Migration assays performed with tonsillar mononuclear cells or in vitro differentiated cells revealed that inhibition of CXCR7 markedly increases chemotaxis toward CXCL12, especially at late stages of B-cell maturation. Chemotaxis was attenuated in the presence of CXCR4 antagonists, confirming that migration is CXCR4 mediated. Our findings unequivocally demonstrate a novel role for CXCR7 in regulating the migration of plasmablasts during B-cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Humpert
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Randall KL. Generating humoral immune memory following infection or vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:1083-93. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Al-Shami A, Crisostomo J, Wilkins C, Xu N, Humphries J, Chang WC, Anderson SJ, Oravecz T. Integrin-α FG-GAP repeat-containing protein 2 is critical for normal B cell differentiation and controls disease development in a lupus model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3789-98. [PMID: 23997217 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycyl-alanyl-prolyl (FG-GAP) domain plays an important role in protein-protein interactions, including interaction of integrins with their ligands. Integrin-α FG-GAP repeat-containing protein 2 (Itfg2) is a highly conserved protein in vertebrates that carries two FG-GAP domains, but its role in mammalian physiology is unknown. In this article, we show that Itfg2 is an intracellular protein and it plays a critical role in B cell differentiation and development of autoimmunity. Itfg2-deficient mice displayed a phenotype consistent with retention of B cells in the spleen and had a lower concentration of IgG in the blood when compared with wild-type littermates. Itfg2-deficient splenocytes also showed a defect in cell migration in vitro. After immunization with a thymus-dependent Ag, the absence of Itfg2 caused a shift in B cell maturation from the germinal centers to the extrafollicular regions of the spleen and blocked deposition of Ag-specific plasma cells in the bone marrow. In support of hematopoietic cell intrinsic activity of Itfg2, bone marrow transplantation of Itfg2-deficient cells was sufficient to impair germinal center development in wild-type mice. Furthermore, Itfg2 deficiency exacerbated development of autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. These results identify Itfg2 as a novel contributor to B cell differentiation and a negative regulator of the autoimmune response during lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Al-Shami
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, TX 77381
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17
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Abstract
Patients with the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) immunodeficiency syndrome suffer from recurrent viral and bacterial infections, hyper-immunoglobulin E levels, eczema, and greater susceptibility to cancer. Because natural killer T (NKT) cells have been implicated in these diseases, we asked if these cells were affected by DOCK8 deficiency. Using a mouse model, we found that DOCK8 deficiency resulted in impaired NKT cell development, principally affecting the formation and survival of long-lived, differentiated NKT cells. In the thymus, DOCK8-deficient mice lack a terminally differentiated subset of NK1.1(+) NKT cells expressing the integrin CD103, whereas in the liver, DOCK8-deficient NKT cells express reduced levels of the prosurvival factor B-cell lymphoma 2 and the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1. Although the initial NKT cell response to antigen is intact in the absence of DOCK8, their ongoing proliferative and cytokine responses are impaired. Importantly, a similar defect in NKT cell numbers was detected in DOCK8-deficient humans, highlighting the relevance of the mouse model. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that DOCK8 is required for the development and survival of mature NKT cells, consistent with the idea that DOCK8 mediates survival signals within a specialized niche. Accordingly, impaired NKT cell numbers and function are likely to contribute to the susceptibility of DOCK8-deficient patients to recurrent infections and malignant disease.
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18
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Garbe AI, Roscher A, Schüler C, Lutter AH, Glösmann M, Bernhardt R, Chopin M, Hempel U, Hofbauer LC, Rammelt S, Egerbacher M, Erben RG, Jessberger R. Regulation of bone mass and osteoclast function depend on the F-actin modulator SWAP-70. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2085-96. [PMID: 22648978 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling involves tightly regulated bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Determining osteoclast function is central to understanding bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopetrosis. Here, we report a novel function of the F-actin binding and regulatory protein SWAP-70 in osteoclast biology. F-actin ring formation, cell morphology, and bone resorption are impaired in Swap-70(-/-) osteoclasts, whereas the expression of osteoclast differentiation markers induced in vitro by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) remains unaffected. Swap-70(-/-) mice develop osteopetrosis with increased bone mass, abnormally dense bone, and impaired osteoclast function. Ectopic expression of SWAP-70 in Swap-70(-/-) osteoclasts in vitro rescues their deficiencies in bone resorption and F-actin ring formation. Rescue requires a functional pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, known to support membrane localization of SWAP-70, and the F-actin binding domain. Transplantation of SWAP-70-proficient bone marrow into Swap-70(-/-) mice restores osteoclast resorption capacity in vivo. The identification of the role of SWAP-70 in promoting osteoclast function through modulating membrane-proximal F-actin rearrangements reveals a new pathway to control osteoclasts and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette I Garbe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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19
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Biswas PS, Gupta S, Stirzaker RA, Kumar V, Jessberger R, Lu TT, Bhagat G, Pernis AB. Dual regulation of IRF4 function in T and B cells is required for the coordination of T-B cell interactions and the prevention of autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:581-96. [PMID: 22370718 PMCID: PMC3302237 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective humoral responses to protein antigens require the precise execution of carefully timed differentiation programs in both T and B cell compartments. Disturbances in this process underlie the pathogenesis of many autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is induced upon the activation of T and B cells and serves critical functions. In CD4(+) T helper cells, IRF4 plays an essential role in the regulation of IL-21 production, whereas in B cells it controls class switch recombination and plasma cell differentiation. IRF4 function in T helper cells can be modulated by its interaction with regulatory protein DEF6, a molecule that shares a high degree of homology with only one other protein, SWAP-70. Here, we demonstrate that on a C57BL/6 background the absence of both DEF6 and SWAP-70 leads to the development of a lupus-like disease in female mice, marked by simultaneous deregulation of CD4(+) T cell IL-21 production and increased IL-21 B cell responsiveness. We furthermore show that DEF6 and SWAP-70 are differentially used at distinct stages of B cell differentiation to selectively control the ability of IRF4 to regulate IL-21 responsiveness in a stage-specific manner. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into the mechanisms that normally couple and coordinately regulate T and B cell responses to ensure tight control of productive T-B cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha S Biswas
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
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20
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Chopin M, Chacón-Martínez CA, Jessberger R. Fine tuning of IRF-4 expression by SWAP-70 controls the initiation of plasma cell development. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3063-74. [PMID: 21728176 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The generation of plasma cells (PCs) is key for proper humoral immune responses. The transcription factors IRF-4 and BLIMP-1 (B-lymphocyte induce maturation protein-1) control PC commitment, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we have identified SWAP-70 as being critically involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered PC differentiation. Upon activation through various TLRs, Swap-70(-/-) B cells were activated and proliferated normally. However, expression of BLIMP-1 was markedly reduced and PC differentiation was impaired. Four hours of LPS stimulation were sufficient to drive PC differentiation, and SWAP-70 was required during this initial period. Swap-70(-/-) B cells pre-activated in vitro failed to efficiently differentiate into PCs upon adoptive transfer into recipient mice. Re-introduction of SWAP-70 into Swap-70(-/-) B cells rescued their development into PCs, and SWAP-70 over-expression in wild-type (WT) B cells increased PC generation. In the absence of SWAP-70, IRF-4 protein levels were reduced and the IRF-4(high) B220(+) CD138(-) compartment, including PC precursors, was strongly diminished. Ectopic expression of SWAP-70 increases IRF-4 protein levels and PC differentiation in WT and Swap-70(-/-) B cells, and IRF-4 over-expression in Swap-70(-/-) B cells elevates PC differentiation to WT levels. Thus, in a dose-dependent manner, SWAP-70 controls IRF-4 protein expression and thereby regulates the initiation of PC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Chopin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Hansson J, Bosco N, Favre L, Raymond F, Oliveira M, Metairon S, Mansourian R, Blum S, Kussmann M, Benyacoub J. Influence of gut microbiota on mouse B2 B cell ontogeny and function. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:1091-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yoshida T, Mei H, Dörner T, Hiepe F, Radbruch A, Fillatreau S, Hoyer BF. Memory B and memory plasma cells. Immunol Rev 2010; 237:117-39. [PMID: 20727033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination provides a powerful means to control infections. It exploits and exemplifies the ability of the immune system to preserve the information that a specific pathogen has been encountered in the past. The cells and molecular mechanisms of immunological memory are still being discussed controversially. Here, we review the current concepts of memory B cells, the signals involved in their maintenance, and their role in enhanced secondary reactions. Memory plasma cells, secreting protective antibodies over lifetime, have been recognized only recently. Their characterization as cells resting in terms of proliferation and migration, and surviving in dedicated stromal niches, in the absence of antigen, has generated new concepts of how memory cells in general are organized by stroma cells, the 'resting memory'. In autoimmunity and chronic inflammation, memory B cells and memory plasma cells can be essential players, and they require special attention, as they do not respond to most conventional therapies. Their selective targeting will depend on a molecular understanding of their lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketoshi Yoshida
- Charité Centre 12, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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SYK regulates B-cell migration by phosphorylation of the F-actin interacting protein SWAP-70. Blood 2010; 117:1574-84. [PMID: 21123826 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-295659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell migration into and within lymphoid tissues is not only central to the humoral immune response but also for the development of malignancies and autoimmunity. We previously demonstrated that SWAP-70, an F-actin-binding, Rho GTPase-interacting protein strongly expressed in activated B cells, is necessary for normal B-cell migration in vivo. SWAP-70 regulates integrin-mediated adhesion and cell attachment. Here we show that upon B-cell activation, SWAP-70 is extensively posttranslationally modified and becomes tyrosine phosphorylated by SYK at position 517. This phosphorylation inhibits binding of SWAP-70 to F-actin. Phospho-site mutants of SWAP-70 disrupt B-cell polarization in a dominant-negative fashion in vitro and impair migration in vivo. After CXCL12 stimulation of B cells SYK becomes activated and SWAP-70 is phosphorylated in a SYK-dependent manner. Use of the highly specific SYK inhibitor BAY61-3606 showed SYK activity is necessary for normal chemotaxis and B-cell polarization in vitro and for entry of B cells into lymph nodes in vivo. These findings demonstrate a novel requirement for SYK in migration and polarization of naive recirculating B cells and show that SWAP-70 is an important target of SYK in this pathway.
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Chopin M, Quemeneur L, Ripich T, Jessberger R. SWAP-70 controls formation of the splenic marginal zone through regulating T1B-cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:3544-56. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bécart S, Altman A. SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells: a novel Lck-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor coordinating actin cytoskeleton reorganization and Ca2+ signaling in T cells. Immunol Rev 2009; 232:319-33. [PMID: 19909373 PMCID: PMC2801603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells (SLAT) is a recently identified guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42 and Rac1, which is highly expressed in both thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Here, we present and discuss findings resulting from biochemical and genetic analyses aimed at unveiling the role of SLAT in CD4+ T-cell development, activation, and T-helper (Th) cell differentiation. Slat(-/-) mice display a developmental defect at one of the earliest stages of thymocyte differentiation, the double negative 1 (DN1) stage, leading to decreased peripheral T-cell numbers. Slat(-/-) peripheral CD4+ T cells demonstrate impaired T-cell receptor/CD28-induced proliferation and IL-2 production. Moreover, SLAT positively regulates the development of Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses by controlling Ca2+/NFAT signaling. SLAT is also a positive regulator of the recently emerging Th subset, i.e., Th17 cells, as evidenced by its critical role in Th17 cell-mediated central nervous system inflammation. Furthermore, TCR engagement induces SLAT translocation to the immunological synapse, a process mediated by its Lck-dependent phosphorylation, which thereafter facilitates the triggering of SLAT GEF activity towards Cdc42 and Rac1, leading to NFAT activation and Th1/Th2 differentiation. Future work will aim to dissect the interacting partners of SLAT and may thus shed light on the poorly understood events that coordinate and link actin cytoskeleton reorganization to Ca2+ signaling and gene transcription in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bécart
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Abstract
Rho family GTPases, and the proteins that regulate them, have important roles in many cellular processes, including cell division, survival, migration and adhesion. Although most of our understanding of these proteins has come from studies using cell lines, more recent gene targeting studies in mice are providing insights into the in vivo function of these proteins. Here we review recent progress revealing crucial roles for these proteins in lymphocyte development, activation, differentiation and migration. The emerging picture shows that Rho family GTPases transduce signals from receptors for antigens, chemokines and cytokines, as well as adhesion molecules and pattern recognition receptors, and that they function as focal points for crosstalk between different signalling pathways.
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