1
|
Zhao D, Li H, Mambetsariev I, Mirzapoiazova T, Chen C, Fricke J, Wheeler D, Arvanitis L, Pillai R, Afkhami M, Chen BT, Sattler M, Erhunmwunsee L, Massarelli E, Kulkarni P, Amini A, Armstrong B, Salgia R. Spatial iTME analysis of KRAS mutant NSCLC and immunotherapy outcome. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:135. [PMID: 38898200 PMCID: PMC11187132 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted spatial immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) profiling using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 25 KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including 12 responders and 13 non-responders. An eleven-marker panel (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD68, arginase-1, CD33, HLA-DR, pan-keratin (PanCK), PD-1, and PD-L1) was used to study the tumor and immune cell compositions. Spatial features at single cell level with cellular neighborhoods and fractal analysis were determined. Spatial features and different subgroups of CD68+ cells and FOXP3+ cells being associated with response or resistance to ICIs were also identified. In particular, CD68+ cells, CD33+ and FOXP3+ cells were found to be associated with resistance. Interestingly, there was also significant association between non-nuclear expression of FOXP3 being resistant to ICIs. We identified CD68dim cells in the lung cancer tissues being associated with improved responses, which should be insightful for future studies of tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haiqing Li
- Integrative Genomic Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Applied AI & Data Science, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Fricke
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Deric Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Raju Pillai
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Bihong T Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arya Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brian Armstrong
- Light Microscopy/Digital Imaging Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karra L, Finger AM, Shechtman L, Krush M, Huang RMY, Prinz M, Tennvooren I, Bahl K, Hysienaj L, Gonzalez PG, Combes AJ, Gonzalez H, Argüello RJ, Spitzer MH, Roose JP. Single cell proteomics characterization of bone marrow hematopoiesis with distinct Ras pathway lesions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572584. [PMID: 38187679 PMCID: PMC10769276 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Normal hematopoiesis requires constant prolific production of different blood cell lineages by multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Stem- and progenitor- cells need to balance dormancy with proliferation. How genetic alterations impact frequency, lineage potential, and metabolism of HSC is largely unknown. Here, we compared induced expression of KRAS G12D or RasGRP1 to normal hematopoiesis. At low-resolution, both Ras pathway lesions result in skewing towards myeloid lineages. Single-cell resolution CyTOF proteomics unmasked an expansion of HSC- and progenitor- compartments for RasGRP1, contrasted by a depletion for KRAS G12D . SCENITH™ quantitates protein synthesis with single-cell precision and corroborated that immature cells display low metabolic SCENITH™ rates. Both RasGRP1 and KRAS G12D elevated mean SCENITH™ signals in immature cells. However, RasGRP1-overexpressing stem cells retain a metabolically quiescent cell-fraction, whereas this fraction diminishes for KRAS G12D . Our temporal single cell proteomics and metabolomics datasets provide a resource of mechanistic insights into altered hematopoiesis at single cell resolution.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu D, Jiang T, Ma D, Zhang H, Zhang J, Lv W, Gong M, Wang H, Liu Z, Su H, Zeng L, Liu S, Tang S, Yang B, Tshavuka FI, Fu G, Liu Z, Peng D, Liu H, Yan Z, Cao Z, Zhao H, He TC, Yu J, Shu Y, Zou L. S1P-S1PR3-RAS promotes the progression of S1PR3 hi TAL1 + T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia that can be effectively inhibited by an S1PR3 antagonist. Leukemia 2023; 37:1982-1993. [PMID: 37591940 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
TAL1+ T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a distinct subtype of leukemia with poor outcomes. Through the cooperation of co-activators, including RUNX1, GATA3, and MYB, the TAL1 oncoprotein extends the immature thymocytes with autonomy and plays an important role in the development of T-ALL. However, this process is not yet well understood. Here, by investigating the transcriptome and prognosis of T-ALL from multiple cohorts, we found that S1PR3 was highly expressed in a subset of TAL1+ T-ALL (S1PR3hi TAL1+ T-ALL), which showed poor outcomes. Through pharmacological and genetic methods, we identified a specific survival-supporting role of S1P-S1PR3 in TAL1+ T-ALL cells. In T-ALL cells, TAL1-RUNX1 up-regulated the expression of S1PR3 by binding to the enhancer region of S1PR3 gene. With hyperactivated S1P-S1PR3, T-ALL cells grew rapidly, partly by activating the KRAS signal. Finally, we assessed S1PR3 inhibitor TY-52156 in T-ALL patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) mouse model. We found that TY-52156 attenuated leukemia progression efficiently and extended the lifespan of S1PR3hi TAL1+ T-ALL xenografts. Our findings demonstrate that S1PR3 plays an important oncogenic role in S1PR3hi TAL1+ T-ALL and may serve as a promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyu Ma
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit of Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqiong Lv
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maoyuan Gong
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haobiao Wang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lamei Zeng
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi Tang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bijie Yang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Filippus I Tshavuka
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo Fu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zidai Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyi Peng
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zijun Yan
- Clinical Research Unit of Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Cao
- Clinical Research Unit of Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jie Yu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yi Shu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Clinical Research Unit of Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su N, Fang Y, Chen X, Chen X, Xia Z, Huang H, Xia Y, Liu P, Tian X, Cai Q. Targeting P21-activated kinase suppresses proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:249-257. [PMID: 37941919 PMCID: PMC10629744 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a poor prognosis. P21-activated kinase (PAK) is a component of the gene expression-based classifier that can predict the prognosis of T-LBL. However, the role of PAK in T-LBL progression and survival remains poorly understood. Herein, we found that the expression of PAK1 was significantly higher in T-LBL cell lines (Jurkat, SUP-T1, and CCRF-CEM) compared to the human T-lymphoid cell line. Moreover, PAK2 mRNA level of 32 relapsed T-LBL patients was significantly higher than that of 37 cases without relapse (P = .012). T-LBL patients with high PAK1 and PAK2 expression had significantly shorter median RFS than those with low PAK1 and PAK2 expression (PAK1, P = .028; PAK2, P = .027; PAK1/2, P = .032). PAK inhibitors, PF3758309 (PF) and FRAX597, could suppress the proliferation of T-LBL cells by blocking the G1/S cell cycle phase transition. Besides, PF could enhance the chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, through western blotting and RNA sequencing, we identified that PF could inhibit the phosphorylation of PAK1/2 and downregulate the expression of cyclin D1, NF-κB and cell adhesion signaling pathways in T-LBL cell lines. These findings suggest that PAK might be associated with T-LBL recurrence and further found that PAK inhibitors could suppress proliferation and enhance chemosensitivity of T-LBL cells treated with doxorubicin. Collectively, our present study underscores the potential therapeutic effect of inhibiting PAK in T-LBL therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Walcheck MT, Nukaya M, Ranheim EA, Matkowskyj KA, Ronnekleiv-Kelly S. Pdx1 expression in hematopoietic cells activates Kras-mutation to drive leukemia in KC ( Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+) mice. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1112-1122. [PMID: 37081806 PMCID: PMC10503568 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The highly utilized KC model has a reported lethality rate of about 30%, which has been attributed to pancreas cancer. However, a competing cause of lethality in KC mice is due to the activation of mutant-Kras gene (KrasG12D/+) in the multipotent progenitor cells (MPP), and subsequent development of Kras-mutant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Overall, 20% (5/25) of KC mice developed T-ALL by 9 months of age. Transplantation of pooled bone marrow from KC mice into CD45 congenic mice caused T-ALL in 100% of recipient mice, confirming that mutant-Kras expression in the hematologic compartment is driving the development of T-ALL in the KC mouse model. These results are an essential consideration for investigators using this model. Further, the lower penetrance of T-ALL in KC mice (versus existing leukemia models) suggests this model could be considered as an alternative research model to evaluate onset and factors that exacerbate the development of T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan T Walcheck
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, K3/705 CSC, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Manabu Nukaya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, K3/705 CSC, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristina A Matkowskyj
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, K3/705 CSC, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Toribio ML, González-García S. Notch Partners in the Long Journey of T-ALL Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021383. [PMID: 36674902 PMCID: PMC9866461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disease that arises from the oncogenic transformation of developing T cells during T-lymphopoiesis. Although T-ALL prognosis has improved markedly in recent years, relapsing and refractory patients with dismal outcomes still represent a major clinical issue. Consequently, understanding the pathological mechanisms that lead to the appearance of this malignancy and developing novel and more effective targeted therapies is an urgent need. Since the discovery in 2004 that a major proportion of T-ALL patients carry activating mutations that turn NOTCH1 into an oncogene, great efforts have been made to decipher the mechanisms underlying constitutive NOTCH1 activation, with the aim of understanding how NOTCH1 dysregulation converts the physiological NOTCH1-dependent T-cell developmental program into a pathological T-cell transformation process. Several molecular players have so far been shown to cooperate with NOTCH1 in this oncogenic process, and different therapeutic strategies have been developed to specifically target NOTCH1-dependent T-ALLs. Here, we comprehensively analyze the molecular bases of the cross-talk between NOTCH1 and cooperating partners critically involved in the generation and/or maintenance and progression of T-ALL and discuss novel opportunities and therapeutic approaches that current knowledge may open for future treatment of T-ALL patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vendramini E, Bomben R, Pozzo F, Bittolo T, Tissino E, Gattei V, Zucchetto A. KRAS and RAS-MAPK Pathway Deregulation in Mature B Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030666. [PMID: 35158933 PMCID: PMC8833570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations account for the most frequent mutations in human cancers, and are generally correlated with disease aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and poor response to therapies. KRAS is required for adult hematopoiesis and plays a key role in B cell development and mature B cell proliferation and survival, proved to be critical for B cell receptor-induced ERK pathway activation. In mature B cell neoplasms, commonly seen in adults, KRAS and RAS-MAPK pathway aberrations occur in a relevant fraction of patients, reaching high recurrence in some specific subtypes like multiple myeloma and hairy cell leukemia. As inhibitors targeting the RAS-MAPK pathway are being developed and improved, it is of outmost importance to precisely identify all subgroups of patients that could potentially benefit from their use. Herein, we review the role of KRAS and RAS-MAPK signaling in malignant hematopoiesis, focusing on mature B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. We discuss KRAS and RAS-MAPK pathway aberrations describing type, incidence, mutual exclusion with other genetic abnormalities, and association with prognosis. We review the current therapeutic strategies applied in mature B cell neoplasms to counteract RAS-MAPK signaling in pre-clinical and clinical studies, including most promising combination therapies. We finally present an overview of genetically engineered mouse models bearing KRAS and RAS-MAPK pathway aberrations in the hematopoietic compartment, which are valuable tools in the understanding of cancer biology and etiology.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liot S, El Kholti N, Balas J, Genestier L, Verrier B, Valcourt U, Lambert E. Development of thymic tumor in [LSL:Kras G12D; Pdx1-CRE] mice, an adverse effect associated with accelerated pancreatic carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15075. [PMID: 34302028 PMCID: PMC8302691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) represents about 90% of pancreatic cancers. It is one of the most aggressive cancer, with a 5-year survival rate below 10% due to late diagnosis and poor therapeutic efficiency. This bad prognosis thus encourages intense research in order to better understand PDAC pathogenesis and molecular basis leading to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This research frequently involves the KC (LSL:KrasG12D;Pdx1-CRE) genetically engineered mouse model, which leads to pancreatic cancer predisposition. However, as frequently encountered in animal models, the KC mouse model also exhibits biases. Herein, we report a new adverse effect of KrasG12D mutation in KC mouse model. In our hands, 10% of KC mice developed clinical signs reaching pre-defined end-points between 100- and 150-days post-parturition, and associated with large thymic mass development. Histological and genetic analyses of this massive thymus enabled us (1) to characterize it as a highly proliferative thymic lymphoma and (2) to detect the unexpected recombination of the Lox-STOP-Lox cassette upstream KrasG12D allele and subsequent KRASG12D protein expression in all cells composing thymic masses. Finally, we highlighted that development of such thymic tumor was associated with accelerated pancreatic carcinogenesis, immune compartment disorganization, and in some cases, lung malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Liot
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Naïma El Kholti
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jonathan Balas
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Laurent Genestier
- UR LIB « Lymphoma Immuno-Biology", Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Ulrich Valcourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Elise Lambert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie Des Protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Point Mutation Specific Antibodies in B-Cell and T-Cell Lymphomas and Leukemias: Targeting IDH2, KRAS, BRAF and Other Biomarkers RHOA, IRF8, MYD88, ID3, NRAS, SF3B1 and EZH2. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040600. [PMID: 33801781 PMCID: PMC8065453 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell and T-cell lymphomas and leukemias often have distinct genetic mutations that are diagnostically defining or prognostically significant. A subset of these mutations consists of specific point mutations, which can be evaluated using genetic sequencing approaches or point mutation specific antibodies. Here, we describe genes harboring point mutations relevant to B-cell and T-cell malignancies and discuss the current availability of these targeted point mutation specific antibodies. We also evaluate the possibility of generating novel antibodies against known point mutations by computationally assessing for chemical and structural features as well as epitope antigenicity of these targets. Our results not only summarize several genetic mutations and identify existing point mutation specific antibodies relevant to hematologic malignancies, but also reveal potential underdeveloped targets which merit further study.
Collapse
|
10
|
Okay M, Haznedaroglu IC. Protein Kinases in Hematological Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:383-393. [PMID: 33539024 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling is an important part of the complex system of molecular communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell cycle machinery. Pathological alterations in the cellular information processing may be responsible for the diseases such as cancer. Numerous diseases may be treated effectively via the pharmacological management of cellular signaling. Protein kinases (PK) have significantly important roles in the cell signal transduction process. Protein kinases phosphorylate serine, threonine, tyrosine and histidine amino acids in a wide variety of molecular networks. Two main PK groups are distinguished; serine/threonine kinase and tyrosine kinases. MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases), ERK, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), src, abl, FAK (focal adesion kinase), and JAK (janus family kinase) are considered as the main PK molecular networks. Protein kinases are closely related to the pathobiology of hematologic neoplastic disorders. For instance; JAKV617F point mutation-causing polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis occur at the position 617 in the JH2 domain of the JAK2 gene. The protein kinase inhibitor drugs targeting specific kinase molecules have already been developed and widely used in the field of Clinical Hematology. The existence of a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) specific to the hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment had been proposed two decades ago. Local BM RAS is important in hematopoietic stem cell biology and microenvironment. There are interactions among the local BM RAS and PK. For example, ACE2-ang(1-7)-Mas axis inhibits p38 MAPK/NF-КB signaling pathway. The Local BM RAS may have a role in the effect on PK in this biological spectrum. The aim of this review is to outline the functions of PKs in the pathobiology of hematologic neoplastic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mufide Okay
- Hacettepe University, Medical School, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Szlasa W, Zendran I, Zalesińska A, Tarek M, Kulbacka J. Lipid composition of the cancer cell membrane. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:321-342. [PMID: 32715369 PMCID: PMC7520422 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell possesses numerous adaptations to resist the immune system response and chemotherapy. One of the most significant properties of the neoplastic cells is the altered lipid metabolism, and consequently, the abnormal cell membrane composition. Like in the case of phosphatidylcholine, these changes result in the modulation of certain enzymes and accumulation of energetic material, which could be used for a higher proliferation rate. The changes are so prominent, that some lipids, such as phosphatidylserines, could even be considered as the cancer biomarkers. Additionally, some changes of biophysical properties of cell membranes lead to the higher resistance to chemotherapy, and finally to the disturbances in signalling pathways. Namely, the increased levels of certain lipids, like for instance phosphatidylserine, lead to the attenuation of the immune system response. Also, changes in lipid saturation prevent the cells from demanding conditions of the microenvironment. Particularly interesting is the significance of cell membrane cholesterol content in the modulation of metastasis. This review paper discusses the roles of each lipid type in cancer physiology. The review combined theoretical data with clinical studies to show novel therapeutic options concerning the modulation of cell membranes in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iga Zendran
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Increased baseline RASGRP1 signals enhance stem cell fitness during native hematopoiesis. Oncogene 2020; 39:6920-6934. [PMID: 32989257 PMCID: PMC7655557 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in RAS genes, like KRASG12D or NRASG12D, trap Ras in the active state and cause myeloproliferative disorder and T cell leukemia (T-ALL) when induced in the bone marrow via Mx1CRE. The RAS exchange factor RASGRP1 is frequently overexpressed in T-ALL patients. In T-ALL cell lines overexpression of RASGRP1 increases flux through the RASGTP/RasGDP cycle. Here we expanded RASGRP1 expression surveys in pediatric T-ALL and generated a RoLoRiG mouse model crossed to Mx1CRE to determine the consequences of induced RASGRP1 overexpression in primary hematopoietic cells. RASGRP1-overexpressing, GFP-positive cells outcompeted wild type cells and dominated the peripheral blood compartment over time. RASGRP1 overexpression bestows gain-of-function colony formation properties to bone marrow progenitors in medium containing limited growth factors. RASGRP1 overexpression enhances baseline mTOR-S6 signaling in the bone marrow, but not in vitro cytokine-induced signals. In agreement with these mechanistic findings, hRASGRP1-ires-EGFP enhances fitness of stem- and progenitor- cells, but only in the context of native hematopoiesis. RASGRP1 overexpression is distinct from KRASG12D or NRASG12D, does not cause acute leukemia on its own, and leukemia virus insertion frequencies predict that RASGRP1 overexpression can effectively cooperate with lesions in many other genes to cause acute T cell leukemia.
Collapse
|
13
|
Junco JJ, Chen T, Rashid R, Terrell M, Gant VU, Miller M, Rau R, Lacorazza HD, Rabin KR. An Mb1-Cre-driven oncogenic Kras mutation results in a mouse model of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with short latency and high penetrance. Leukemia 2020; 35:1777-1781. [PMID: 32918044 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Junco
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Taylor Chen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raushan Rashid
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maci Terrell
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincent U Gant
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Departments of Pediatrics and of Molecular & Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Rau
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Departments of Pediatrics and of Molecular & Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Karen R Rabin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
IL-7R is essential for leukemia-initiating cell activity of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2020; 134:2171-2182. [PMID: 31530562 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy resulting from the dysregulation of signaling pathways that control intrathymic T-cell development. Relapse rates are still significant, and prognosis is particularly bleak for relapsed patients. Therefore, development of novel therapies specifically targeting pathways controlling leukemia-initiating cell (LIC) activity is mandatory for fighting refractory T-ALL. The interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) is a crucial T-cell developmental pathway that is commonly expressed in T-ALL and has been implicated in leukemia progression; however, the significance of IL-7R/IL-7 signaling in T-ALL pathogenesis and its contribution to disease relapse remain unknown. To directly explore whether IL-7R targeting may be therapeutically efficient against T-ALL relapse, we focused on a known Notch1-induced T-ALL model, because a majority of T-ALL patients harbor activating mutations in NOTCH1, which is a transcriptional regulator of IL-7R expression. Using loss-of-function approaches, we show that Il7r-deficient, but not wild-type, mouse hematopoietic progenitors transduced with constitutively active Notch1 failed to generate leukemia upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice, thus providing formal evidence that IL-7R function is essential for Notch1-induced T-cell leukemogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that IL-7R expression is an early functional biomarker of T-ALL cells with LIC potential and report that impaired IL-7R signaling hampers engraftment and progression of patient-derived T-ALL xenografts. Notably, we show that IL-7R-dependent LIC activity and leukemia progression can be extended to human B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). These results have important therapeutic implications, highlighting the relevance that targeting normal IL-7R signaling may have in future therapeutic interventions, particularly for preventing T-ALL (and B-ALL) relapse.
Collapse
|
15
|
Vega-García N, Perez-Jaume S, Esperanza-Cebollada E, Vicente-Garcés C, Torrebadell M, Jiménez-Velasco A, Ortega M, Llop M, Abad L, Vagace JM, Minguela A, Pratcorona M, Sánchez-Garcia J, García-Calderón CB, Gómez-Casares MT, Martín-Clavero E, Escudero A, Riñón Martinez-Gallo M, Muñoz L, Velasco MR, García-Morin M, Català A, Pascual A, Velasco P, Fernández JM, Lassaletta A, Fuster JL, Badell I, Molinos-Quintana Á, Molinés A, Guerra-García P, Pérez-Martínez A, García-Abós M, Robles Ortiz R, Pisa S, Adán R, Díaz de Heredia C, Dapena JL, Rives S, Ramírez-Orellana M, Camós M. Measurable Residual Disease Assessed by Flow-Cytometry Is a Stable Prognostic Factor for Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Consecutive SEHOP Protocols Whereas the Impact of Oncogenetics Depends on Treatment. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:614521. [PMID: 33614543 PMCID: PMC7892614 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.614521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust and applicable risk-stratifying genetic factors at diagnosis in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are still lacking, and most protocols rely on measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment. In our study, we aimed to analyze the impact of NOTCH1, FBXW7, PTEN, and RAS mutations, the measurable residual disease (MRD) levels assessed by flow cytometry (FCM-MRD) and other reported risk factors in a Spanish cohort of pediatric T-ALL patients. We included 199 patients treated with SEHOP and PETHEMA consecutive protocols from 1998 to 2019. We observed a better outcome of patients included in the newest SEHOP-PETHEMA-2013 protocol compared to the previous SHOP-2005 cohort. FCM-MRD significantly predicted outcome in both protocols, but the impact at early and late time points differed between protocols. The impact of FCM-MRD at late time points was more evident in SEHOP-PETHEMA 2013, whereas in SHOP-2005 FCM-MRD was predictive of outcome at early time points. Genetics impact was different in SHOP-2005 and SEHOP-PETHEMA-2013 cohorts: NOTCH1 mutations impacted on overall survival only in the SEHOP-PETHEMA-2013 cohort, whereas homozygous deletions of CDKN2A/B had a significantly higher CIR in SHOP-2005 patients. We applied the clinical classification combining oncogenetics, WBC count and MRD levels at the end of induction as previously reported by the FRALLE group. Using this score, we identified different subgroups of patients with statistically different outcome in both Spanish cohorts. In SHOP-2005, the FRALLE classifier identified a subgroup of high-risk patients with poorer survival. In the newest protocol SEHOP-PETHEMA-2013, a very low-risk group of patients with excellent outcome and no relapses was detected, with borderline significance. Overall, FCM-MRD, WBC count and oncogenetics may refine the risk-stratification, helping to design tailored approaches for pediatric T-ALL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Vega-García
- Haematology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Jaume
- Developmental Tumour Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Esperanza-Cebollada
- Haematology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Vicente-Garcés
- Haematology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Torrebadell
- Haematology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Ortega
- Cytogenetics Unit, Hematology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Llop
- Molecular Biology Unit, Clinical Analysis Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cáncer (CIBERONC CB16/12/00284), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorea Abad
- Paediatric Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA) and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pratcorona
- Haematology Laboratory, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Clara B García-Calderón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cáncer (CIBERONC)), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Casares
- Biology and Molecular Haematology and Hemotherapy Service, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canarias, Spain
| | - Estela Martín-Clavero
- Haematology-Cytology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Escudero
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luz Muñoz
- Haematology Laboratory, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Marina García-Morin
- Paediatric Hematology Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Català
- Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Paediatric Hematology and Oncology Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Velasco
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Mª Fernández
- Haematology and Oncology Department, Hospital de La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Lassaletta
- Haematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Fuster
- Paediatric Oncohematology Department, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA) and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Badell
- Paediatric Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Águeda Molinos-Quintana
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cáncer (CIBERONC)), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Molinés
- Unit of Hematology and Hemotherapy, H.U. Materno Infantil de Canarias, Canarias, Spain
| | - Pilar Guerra-García
- Paediatric Hemato-Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam García-Abós
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - Reyes Robles Ortiz
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sandra Pisa
- Paediatric Hematology Department, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rosa Adán
- Haematology and Oncology Department, Hospital de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz de Heredia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Dapena
- Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatric Hematology and Oncology Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Rives
- Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Paediatric Hematology and Oncology Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mireia Camós
- Haematology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric Hemopathies, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bigas A, Guillén Y, Schoch L, Arambilet D. Revisiting β-Catenin Signaling in T-Cell Development and T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Bioessays 2019; 42:e1900099. [PMID: 31854474 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Catenin/CTNNB1 is critical for leukemia initiation or the stem cell capacity of several hematological malignancies. This review focuses on a general evaluation of β-catenin function in normal T-cell development and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The integration of the existing literature offers a state-of-the-art dissection of the complexity of β-catenin function in leukemia initiation and maintenance in both Notch-dependent and independent contexts. In addition, β-catenin mutations are screened for in T-ALL primary samples, and it is found that they are rare and with little clinical relevance. Transcriptional analysis of Wnt family members (Ctnnb1, Axin2, Tcf7, and Lef1) and Myc in different publicly available T-ALL cohorts indicates that the expression of these genes may correlate with T-ALL subtypes and/or therapy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bigas
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonie Schoch
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Arambilet
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kong G, You X, Wen Z, Chang YI, Qian S, Ranheim EA, Letson C, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Rajagopalan A, Zhang J, Stieglitz E, Loh M, Hofmann I, Yang D, Zhong X, Padron E, Zhou L, Pear WS, Zhang J. Downregulating Notch counteracts Kras G12D-induced ERK activation and oxidative phosphorylation in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Leukemia 2018; 33:671-685. [PMID: 30206308 PMCID: PMC6405304 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of human cancers, including hematopoietic malignancies. Its functions are highly dependent on the specific cellular context. Gain-of-function NOTCH1 mutations are prevalent in human T cell leukemia, while loss of Notch signaling is reported in myeloid leukemias. Here, we report a novel oncogenic function of Notch signaling in oncogenic Kras-induced myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). We find that downregulation of Notch signaling in hematopoietic cells via DNMAML expression or Pofut1 deletion significantly blocks MPN development in KrasG12D mice in a cell-autonomous manner. Further mechanistic studies indicate that inhibition of Notch signaling significantly upregulates Dusp1, a dual phosphatase that inactivates p-ERK, and downregulates cytokine-evoked ERK activation in KrasG12D cells. Moreover, mitochondrial metabolism is greatly enhanced in KrasG12D cells but significantly reprogrammed by DNMAML close to that in control cells. Consequently, cell proliferation and expanded myeloid compartment in KrasG12D mice are significantly reduced. Consistent with these findings, combined inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation effectively inhibited the growth of human and mouse leukemia cells in vitro. Our study provides a strong rational to target both ERK signaling and aberrant metabolism in oncogenic Ras-driven myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Kong
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China. .,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Xiaona You
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhi Wen
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuan-I Chang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shuiming Qian
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Yun Zhou
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yangang Liu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adhithi Rajagopalan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mignon Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Inga Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Yang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xuehua Zhong
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric Padron
- Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Therapeutic Targeting of mTOR in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071878. [PMID: 29949919 PMCID: PMC6073309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive blood malignancy that arises from the clonal expansion of transformed T-cell precursors. Although T-ALL prognosis has significantly improved due to the development of intensive chemotherapeutic protocols, primary drug-resistant and relapsed patients still display a dismal outcome. In addition, lifelong irreversible late effects from conventional therapy are a growing problem for leukemia survivors. Therefore, novel targeted therapies are required to improve the prognosis of high-risk patients. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the kinase subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct multiprotein complexes, which are referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. These two complexes regulate a variety of physiological cellular processes including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis, as well as autophagy in response to external cues. However, mTOR activity is frequently deregulated in cancer, where it plays a key oncogenetic role driving tumor cell proliferation, survival, metabolic transformation, and metastatic potential. Promising preclinical studies using mTOR inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in many human cancer types, including T-ALL. Here, we highlight our current knowledge of mTOR signaling and inhibitors in T-ALL, with an emphasis on emerging evidence of the superior efficacy of combinations consisting of mTOR inhibitors and either traditional or targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
|
19
|
García-Peydró M, Fuentes P, Mosquera M, García-León MJ, Alcain J, Rodríguez A, García de Miguel P, Menéndez P, Weijer K, Spits H, Scadden DT, Cuesta-Mateos C, Muñoz-Calleja C, Sánchez-Madrid F, Toribio ML. The NOTCH1/CD44 axis drives pathogenesis in a T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia model. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2802-2818. [PMID: 29781813 DOI: 10.1172/jci92981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a prevalent signaling pathway in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), but crucial NOTCH1 downstream signals and target genes contributing to T-ALL pathogenesis cannot be retrospectively analyzed in patients and thus remain ill defined. This information is clinically relevant, as initiating lesions that lead to cell transformation and leukemia-initiating cell (LIC) activity are promising therapeutic targets against the major hurdle of T-ALL relapse. Here, we describe the generation in vivo of a human T cell leukemia that recapitulates T-ALL in patients, which arises de novo in immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human hematopoietic progenitors ectopically expressing active NOTCH1. This T-ALL model allowed us to identify CD44 as a direct NOTCH1 transcriptional target and to recognize CD44 overexpression as an early hallmark of preleukemic cells that engraft the BM and finally develop a clonal transplantable T-ALL that infiltrates lymphoid organs and brain. Notably, CD44 is shown to support crucial BM niche interactions necessary for LIC activity of human T-ALL xenografts and disease progression, highlighting the importance of the NOTCH1/CD44 axis in T-ALL pathogenesis. The observed therapeutic benefit of anti-CD44 antibody administration in xenotransplanted mice holds great promise for therapeutic purposes against T-ALL relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina García-Peydró
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, and
| | - Patricia Fuentes
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, and
| | - Marta Mosquera
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, and
| | - María J García-León
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, and
| | - Juan Alcain
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, and
| | - Antonio Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, ISCIII, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kees Weijer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, and
| | - Hergen Spits
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jamalpour M, Li X, Gustafsson K, Tyner JW, Welsh M. Disparate effects of Shb gene deficiency on disease characteristics in murine models of myeloid, B-cell, and T-cell leukemia. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318771472. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318771472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src homology-2 domain protein B is an adaptor protein operating downstream of tyrosine kinases. The Shb gene knockout has been found to accelerate p210 Breakpoint cluster region-cAbl oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase-induced leukemia. In human myeloid leukemia were tumors with high Src homology-2 domain protein B mRNA content, tumors were, however, associated with decreased latency and myeloid leukemia exhibiting immune cell characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Shb knockout on the development of leukemia in three additional models, that is, colony stimulating factor 3 receptor-T618I–induced neutrophilic leukemia, p190 Breakpoint cluster region-cAbl oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase-induced B-cell leukemia, and G12D-Kras-induced T-cell leukemia/thymic lymphoma. Wild-type or Shb knockout bone marrow cells expressing the oncogenes were transplanted to bone marrow–deficient recipients. Organs from moribund mice were collected and further analyzed. Shb knockout increased the development of CSF3RT618I-induced leukemia and increased the white blood cell count at the time of death. In the p190 Breakpoint cluster region-cAbl oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase B-cell model, Shb knockout reduced white blood cell counts without affecting latency, whereas in the G12D-Kras T-cell model, thymus size was increased without major effects on latency, suggesting that Shb knockout accelerates the development thymic lymphoma. Cytokine secretion plays a role in the progression of leukemia, and consequently Shb knockout bone marrows exhibited lower expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and interleukin 6 in the neutrophilic model and interleukin 7 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (C-X-C motif chemokine 12) in the B-cell model. It is concluded that in experimental mouse models, the absence of the Shb gene exacerbates the disease in myeloid leukemia, whereas it alters the disease characteristics without affecting latency in B- and T-cell leukemia. The results suggest a role of Shb in modulating the disease characteristics depending on the oncogenic insult operating on hematopoietic cells. These findings help explain the outcome of human disease in relation to Src homology-2 domain protein B mRNA content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and the Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wandler A, Shannon K. Mechanistic and Preclinical Insights from Mouse Models of Hematologic Cancer Characterized by Hyperactive Ras. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:a031526. [PMID: 28778967 PMCID: PMC5880163 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RAS genes are mutated in 5%-40% of a spectrum of myeloid and lymphoid cancers with NRAS affected 2-3 times more often than KRAS Genomic analysis indicates that RAS mutations generally occur as secondary events in leukemogenesis, but are integral to the disease phenotype. The tractable nature of the hematopoietic system has facilitated generating accurate mouse models of hematologic malignancies characterized by hyperactive Ras signaling. These strains provide robust platforms for addressing how oncogenic Ras expression perturbs proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal programs in stem and progenitor cell populations, for testing potential therapies, and for investigating mechanisms of drug response and resistance. This review summarizes recent insights from key studies in mouse models of hematologic cancer that are broadly relevant for understanding Ras biology and for ongoing efforts to implement rational therapeutic strategies for cancers with oncogenic RAS mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anica Wandler
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001
| | - Kevin Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bongiovanni D, Saccomani V, Piovan E. Aberrant Signaling Pathways in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091904. [PMID: 28872614 PMCID: PMC5618553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disease caused by the malignant transformation of immature progenitors primed towards T-cell development. Clinically, T-ALL patients present with diffuse infiltration of the bone marrow by immature T-cell blasts high blood cell counts, mediastinal involvement, and diffusion to the central nervous system. In the past decade, the genomic landscape of T-ALL has been the target of intense research. The identification of specific genomic alterations has contributed to identify strong oncogenic drivers and signaling pathways regulating leukemia growth. Notwithstanding, T-ALL patients are still treated with high-dose multiagent chemotherapy, potentially exposing these patients to considerable acute and long-term side effects. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the signaling pathways relevant for the pathogenesis of T-ALL and the opportunities offered for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Bongiovanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Valentina Saccomani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Erich Piovan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tarnawsky SP, Kobayashi M, Chan RJ, Yoder MC. Mice expressing KrasG12D in hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cells develop neonatal myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3652-3656. [PMID: 28846072 DOI: 10.1172/jci94031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a pediatric myeloproliferative neoplasm that bears distinct characteristics associated with abnormal fetal development. JMML has been extensively modeled in mice expressing the oncogenic KrasG12D mutation. However, these models have struggled to recapitulate the defining features of JMML due to in utero lethality, nonhematopoietic expression, and the pervasive emergence of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we have developed a model of JMML using mice that express KrasG12D in multipotent progenitor cells (Flt3Cre+ KrasG12D mice). These mice express KrasG12D in utero, are born at normal Mendelian ratios, develop hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, and succumb to a rapidly progressing and fully penetrant neonatal myeloid disease. Mutant mice have altered hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations in the BM and spleen that are hypersensitive to granulocyte macrophage-CSF due to hyperactive RAS/ERK signaling. Biased differentiation in these progenitors results in an expansion of neutrophils and DCs and a concomitant decrease in T lymphocytes. Flt3Cre+ KrasG12D fetal liver hematopoietic progenitors give rise to a myeloid disease upon transplantation. In summary, we describe a KrasG12D mouse model that reproducibly develops JMML-like disease. This model will prove useful for preclinical drug studies and for elucidating the developmental origins of pediatric neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca J Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Simón-Carrasco L, Graña O, Salmón M, Jacob HKC, Gutierrez A, Jiménez G, Drosten M, Barbacid M. Inactivation of Capicua in adult mice causes T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1456-1468. [PMID: 28827401 PMCID: PMC5588927 DOI: 10.1101/gad.300244.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CIC (also known as Capicua) is a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Here, Simón-Carrasco et al. show that Cic inactivation in mice induces T-ALL by a mechanism involving derepression of its well-known target, Etv4. Cic inactivation renders T-ALL insensitive to MEK inhibitors in both mouse and human cell lines. CIC (also known as Capicua) is a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Whereas the functions of Cic have been well characterized in Drosophila, little is known about its role in mammals. CIC is inactivated in a variety of human tumors and has been implicated recently in the promotion of lung metastases. Here, we describe a mouse model in which we inactivated Cic by selectively disabling its DNA-binding activity, a mutation that causes derepression of its target genes. Germline Cic inactivation causes perinatal lethality due to lung differentiation defects. However, its systemic inactivation in adult mice induces T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL), a tumor type known to carry CIC mutations, albeit with low incidence. Cic inactivation in mice induces T-ALL by a mechanism involving derepression of its well-known target, Etv4. Importantly, human T-ALL also relies on ETV4 expression for maintaining its oncogenic phenotype. Moreover, Cic inactivation renders T-ALL insensitive to MEK inhibitors in both mouse and human cell lines. Finally, we show that Ras-induced mouse T-ALL as well as human T-ALL carrying mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway display a genetic signature indicative of Cic inactivation. These observations illustrate that CIC inactivation plays a key role in this human malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Salmón
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gerardo Jiménez
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parc Cientifíc de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Drosten M, Simón-Carrasco L, Hernández-Porras I, Lechuga CG, Blasco MT, Jacob HKC, Fabbiano S, Potenza N, Bustelo XR, Guerra C, Barbacid M. H-Ras and K-Ras Oncoproteins Induce Different Tumor Spectra When Driven by the Same Regulatory Sequences. Cancer Res 2016; 77:707-718. [PMID: 27872088 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies in mice have provided evidence that H-Ras and K-Ras proteins are bioequivalent. However, human tumors display marked differences in the association of RAS oncogenes with tumor type. Thus, to further assess the bioequivalence of oncogenic H-Ras and K-Ras, we replaced the coding region of the murine K-Ras locus with H-RasG12V oncogene sequences. Germline expression of H-RasG12V or K-RasG12V from the K-Ras locus resulted in embryonic lethality. However, expression of these genes in adult mice led to different tumor phenotypes. Whereas H-RasG12V elicited papillomas and hematopoietic tumors, K-RasG12V induced lung tumors and gastric lesions. Pulmonary expression of H-RasG12V created a senescence-like state caused by excessive MAPK signaling. Likewise, H-RasG12V but not K-RasG12V induced senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Label-free quantitative analysis revealed that minor differences in H-RasG12V expression levels led to drastically different biological outputs, suggesting that subtle differences in MAPK signaling confer nonequivalent functions that influence tumor spectra induced by RAS oncoproteins. Cancer Res; 77(3); 707-18. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández-Porras
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen G Lechuga
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Blasco
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Fabbiano
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
High selective pressure for Notch1 mutations that induce Myc in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2016; 128:2229-2240. [PMID: 27670423 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-692855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating NOTCH1 mutations are frequent in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and Notch inhibitors (γ-secretase inhibitors [GSIs]) have produced responses in patients with relapsed, refractory disease. However, sustained responses, although reported, are uncommon, suggesting that other pathways can substitute for Notch in T-ALL. To address this possibility, we first generated KrasG12D transgenic mice with T-cell-specific expression of the pan-Notch inhibitor, dominant-negative Mastermind (DNMAML). These mice developed leukemia, but instead of accessing alternative oncogenic pathways, the tumor cells acquired Notch1 mutations and subsequently deleted DNMAML, reinforcing the notion that activated Notch1 is particularly transforming within the context of T-cell progenitors. We next took a candidate approach to identify oncogenic pathways downstream of Notch, focusing on Myc and Akt, which are Notch targets in T-cell progenitors. KrasG12D mice transduced with Myc developed T-ALLs that were GSI-insensitive and lacked Notch1 mutations. In contrast, KrasG12D mice transduced with myristoylated AKT developed GSI-sensitive T-ALLs that acquired Notch1 mutations. Thus, Myc can substitute for Notch1 in leukemogenesis, whereas Akt cannot. These findings in primary tumors extend recent work using human T-ALL cell lines and xenografts and suggest that the Notch/Myc signaling axis is of predominant importance in understanding both the selective pressure for Notch mutations in T-ALL and response and resistance of T-ALL to Notch pathway inhibitors.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy derived from early T cell progenitors. In recent years genomic and transcriptomic studies have uncovered major oncogenic and tumour suppressor pathways involved in T-ALL transformation and identified distinct biological groups associated with prognosis. An increased understanding of T-ALL biology has already translated into new prognostic biomarkers and improved animal models of leukaemia and has opened opportunities for the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of this disease. In this Review we examine our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-ALL and recent developments in the translation of these results to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
MEK and PI3K-AKT inhibitors synergistically block activated IL7 receptor signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:1832-43. [PMID: 27174491 PMCID: PMC5240021 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We identified mutations in the IL7Ra gene or in genes encoding the downstream signaling molecules JAK1, JAK3, STAT5B, N-RAS, K-RAS, NF1, AKT and PTEN in 49% of patients with pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Strikingly, these mutations (except RAS/NF1) were mutually exclusive, suggesting that they each cause the aberrant activation of a common downstream target. Expressing these mutant signaling molecules—but not their wild-type counterparts—rendered Ba/F3 cells independent of IL3 by activating the RAS-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways. Interestingly, cells expressing either IL7Ra or JAK mutants are sensitive to JAK inhibitors, but respond less robustly to inhibitors of the downstream RAS-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways, indicating that inhibiting only one downstream pathway is not sufficient. Here, we show that inhibiting both the MEK and PI3K-AKT pathways synergistically prevents the proliferation of BaF3 cells expressing mutant IL7Ra, JAK and RAS. Furthermore, combined inhibition of MEK and PI3K/AKT was cytotoxic to samples obtained from 6 out of 11 primary T-ALL patients, including 1 patient who had no mutations in the IL7R signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that the potent cytotoxic effects of inhibiting both MEK and PI3K/AKT should be investigated further as a therapeutic option using leukemia xenograft models.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liang KL, O'Connor C, Veiga JP, McCarthy TV, Keeshan K. TRIB2 regulates normal and stress-induced thymocyte proliferation. Cell Discov 2016; 2:15050. [PMID: 27462446 PMCID: PMC4860960 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIB2, a serine/threonine pseudokinase identified as an oncogene, is expressed at high levels in the T-cell compartment of hematopoiesis. The proliferation of developing thymocytes is tightly controlled to prevent leukemic transformation of T cells. Here we examine Trib2 loss in murine hematopoiesis under steady state and proliferative stress conditions, including genotoxic and oncogenic stress. Trib2−/− developing thymocytes show increased proliferation, and Trib2−/− mice have significantly higher thymic cellularity at steady state. During stress hematopoiesis, Trib2−/− developing thymocytes undergo accelerated proliferation and demonstrate hypersensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cell death. Despite the increased cell death post 5-FU-induced proliferative stress, Trib2−/− mice exhibit accelerated thymopoietic recovery post treatment due to increased cell division kinetics of developing thymocytes. The increased proliferation in Trib2−/− thymocytes was exacerbated under oncogenic stress. In an experimental murine T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) model, Trib2−/− mice had reduced latency in vivo, which associated with impaired MAP kinase (MAPK) activation. High and low expression levels of Trib2 correlate with immature and mature subtypes of human T-ALL, respectively, and associate with MAPK. Thus, TRIB2 emerges as a novel regulator of thymocyte cellular proliferation, important for the thymopoietic response to genotoxic and oncogenic stress, and possessing tumor suppressor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Liang
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona O'Connor
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, UK
| | - J Pedro Veiga
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, UK
| | - Tommie V McCarthy
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jenkinson S, Kirkwood AA, Goulden N, Vora A, Linch DC, Gale RE. Impact of PTEN abnormalities on outcome in pediatric patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on the MRC UKALL2003 trial. Leukemia 2016; 30:39-47. [PMID: 26220040 PMCID: PMC4705426 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PTEN gene inactivation by mutation or deletion is common in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), but the impact on outcome is unclear, particularly in patients with NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations. We screened samples from 145 patients treated on the MRC UKALL2003 trial for PTEN mutations using heteroduplex analysis and gene deletions using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and related genotype to response to therapy and long-term outcome. PTEN loss-of-function mutations/gene deletions were detected in 22% (PTEN(ABN)). Quantification of mutant level indicated that 67% of mutated cases harbored more than one mutant, with up to four mutants detected, consistent with the presence of multiple leukemic sub-clones. Overall, 41% of PTEN(ABN) cases were considered to have biallelic abnormalities (mutation and/or deletion) with complete loss of PTEN in a proportion of cells. In addition, 9% of cases had N- or K-RAS mutations. Neither PTEN nor RAS genotype significantly impacted on response to therapy or long-term outcome, irrespective of mutant level, and there was no evidence that they changed the highly favorable outcome of patients with double NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations. These results indicate that, for pediatric patients treated according to current protocols, routine screening for PTEN or RAS abnormalities at diagnosis is not warranted to further refine risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkinson
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - A A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - N Goulden
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Vora
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - D C Linch
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - R E Gale
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Layton Tovar CF, Mendieta Zerón H. Intracellular Signaling Pathways Involved in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Molecular Targets. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 32:141-53. [PMID: 27065575 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. ALL is the most common hematologic malignancy in early childhood, and it reaches peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 3 years. The prognosis of ALL is associated with aberrant gene expression, in addition to the presence of numerical or structural chromosomal alterations, age, race, and immunophenotype. The Relapse rate with regard to pharmacological treatment rises in childhood; thus, the expression of biomarkers associated with the activation of cell signaling pathways is crucial to establish the disease prognosis. Intracellular pathways involved in ALL are diverse, including Janus kinase/Signal transducers and transcription activators (JAK-STAT), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT), Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), Nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB), and Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF-1α), among others. In this review, we present several therapeutic targets, intracellular pathways, and molecular markers that are being studied extensively at present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Fabián Layton Tovar
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico
| | - Hugo Mendieta Zerón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico ; Asociación Científica Latina A.C. (ASCILA) and Ciprés Grupo Médico (CGM), Felipe Villanueva sur 1209, Col. Rancho Dolores, 50170 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lubeck BA, Lapinski PE, Oliver JA, Ksionda O, Parada LF, Zhu Y, Maillard I, Chiang M, Roose J, King PD. Cutting Edge: Codeletion of the Ras GTPase-Activating Proteins (RasGAPs) Neurofibromin 1 and p120 RasGAP in T Cells Results in the Development of T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:31-5. [PMID: 26002977 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) inhibit signal transduction initiated through the Ras small GTP-binding protein. However, which members of the RasGAP family act as negative regulators of T cell responses is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated potential roles for the RasGAPs RASA1 and neurofibromin 1 (NF1) in T cells through the generation and analysis of T cell-specific RASA1 and NF1 double-deficient mice. In contrast to mice lacking either RasGAP alone in T cells, double-deficient mice developed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, which originated at an early point in T cell development and was dependent on activating mutations in the Notch1 gene. These findings highlight RASA1 and NF1 as cotumor suppressors in the T cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Lubeck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Philip E Lapinski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jennifer A Oliver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Olga Ksionda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Luis F Parada
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mark Chiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jeroen Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Philip D King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tan Y, Sementino E, Pei J, Kadariya Y, Ito TK, Testa JR. Co-targeting of Akt and Myc inhibits viability of lymphoma cells from Lck-Dlx5 mice. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:580-8. [PMID: 25793663 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1018495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of AKT is a frequent occurrence in the development of human T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia/lymphomas (T-ALLs), due largely to inactivation of PTEN. Up regulation of MYC is also commonly observed in human T-ALLs. We previously demonstrated that expression of a constitutively active form of Lck-Akt2 alone is sufficient to initiate T-cell lymphoma in mice, and that tumor formation typically requires up regulation of Myc or Dlx5 caused by specific chromosomal rearrangements. Furthermore, Lck-Dlx5 mice develop T-ALLs that consistently acquire overexpression of Myc and activation of Akt, the latter due to loss of Pten expression. Proliferation of T-ALL cells from Lck-Dlx5 mice was found to be highly sensitive to the Akt pathway inhibitors BEZ235 and RAD001, as well as to JQ1, an inhibitor of bromodomain proteins, one of which (BRD4) regulates Myc transcription. Additionally, low concentrations of BEZ235 were found to cooperate with JQ1 to enhance cell cycle arrest. Higher concentrations of BEZ235 (≥0.5 µM) promoted cell death, although the addition of JQ1 did not result in a further increase in apoptosis. In contrast, the specific Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 caused apoptosis, and when combined with BEZ235 (≥0.5 µM), an enhanced effect on apoptosis was consistently observed. In addition, BEZ235 and RAD001 potentiated vincristine-induced apoptosis when the cells were treated with both drugs simultaneously, whereas pretreatment with BEZ235 antagonized the cell-killing effect of vincristine. Collectively, these experimental findings provide rationale for the design of novel combination therapies for T-ALL that includes targeting of AKT and MYC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Tan
- a Cancer Biology Program; Fox Chase Cancer Center ; Philadelphia , PA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wild-type KRAS inhibits oncogenic KRAS-induced T-ALL in mice. Leukemia 2014; 29:1032-40. [PMID: 25371176 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of hyperactive RAS signaling is well established in myeloid malignancies but less clear in T-cell malignancies. The Kras2(LSL)Mx1-Cre (KM) mouse model expresses endogenous KRAS(G12D) in hematopoietic cells and is widely used to study mechanisms and treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The model displays an intriguing shift from MPN to acute T-cell leukemia (T-ALL) after transplantation to wild-type mice, but the mechanisms underlying this lineage shift is unknown. Here, we show that KRAS(G12D) increases proliferation of both myeloid and T-cell progenitors, but whereas myeloid cells differentiate, T-cell differentiation is inhibited at early stages. Secondary mutations in the expanded pool of T-cell progenitors accompany T-ALL development, and our results indicate that the shift from myeloid to T-lymphoid malignancy after transplantation is explained by the increased likelihood for secondary mutations when the tumor lifespan is increased. We demonstrate that tumor lifespan increases after transplantation because primary KM mice die rapidly, not from MPN, but from KRAS(G12D) expression in nonhematopoietic cells, which causes intestinal bleeding and severe anemia. We also identify loss of the wild-type KRAS allele as a secondary mutation in all T-ALL cells and provide evidence that wild-type KRAS acts as a tumor suppressor in the T-cell lineage in mice.
Collapse
|
35
|
Goswami A, Shah BA, Kumar A, Rizvi MA, Kumar S, Bhushan S, Malik FA, Batra N, Joshi A, Singh J. Antiproliferative potential of a novel parthenin analog P16 as evident by apoptosis accompanied by down-regulation of PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 222:60-7. [PMID: 25196075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Lack of effective treatment strategies has resulted in an extensive quest for new therapeutic molecules against it. This study explores the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity of P16, a semisynthetic analog of parthenin, against the human acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells. P16 displayed antiproliferative activity in different cancer cell lines; however, MOLT-4 cells showed highest sensitivity for P16 with IC50 value of 0.6μM. Further studies revealed that P16 induced cell death by apoptosis. It caused mitochondrial stress, which was mediated by the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and consequent activation of caspase-9. However, P16 was also able to activate caspase-8, thus involving both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Further, activation of caspase-3 led to cleavage of its target proteins PARP-1 and ICAD, which resulted in apoptotic DNA damage. P16 induced apoptosis was accompanied by the down-regulation of important leukemic cell survival proteins like pAKT (S473), pAKT (T308), pP70S6K, pCRAF, and pERK1/2. However, inhibition of caspases by Z-VAD-FMK reversed the down-regulatory effect of P16 on pAKT (S473) and pP70S6K, as evident by the cell viability assay and flow cytometric analysis but this inhibition did not completely reverse the antiproliferative effect of P16, thereby indicating the role of additional factors apart from caspases in P16 induced apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells. Owing to its antiproliferative potential against leukemia cells, P16 can further be explored as an effective therapeutics against leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshra Goswami
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Division of Natural Products Microbes, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Masood Ahmad Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Fayaz Ahmed Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutt Sanatan Dharam College, Sector-32, Chandigarh 160047, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh 160019, India.
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Knight T, Irving JAE. Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway Activation in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Its Therapeutic Targeting. Front Oncol 2014; 4:160. [PMID: 25009801 PMCID: PMC4067595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway is a common event in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is caused by point mutation, gene deletion, and chromosomal translocation of a vast array of gene types, highlighting its importance in leukemia biology. Pathway activation can be therapeutically exploited and may guide new therapies needed for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other high risk subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knight
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julie Anne Elizabeth Irving
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jacoby E, Chien CD, Fry TJ. Murine models of acute leukemia: important tools in current pediatric leukemia research. Front Oncol 2014; 4:95. [PMID: 24847444 PMCID: PMC4019869 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia remains the most common diagnosis in pediatric oncology and, despite dramatic progress in upfront therapy, is also the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. Much of the initial improvement in outcomes for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was due to identification of cytotoxic agents that are active against leukemia followed by the recognition that combination of these cytotoxic agents and prolonged therapy are essential for cure. Recent data demonstrating lack of progress in patients for whom standard chemotherapy fails suggests that the ability to improve outcome for these children will not be dramatically impacted through more intensive or newer cytotoxic agents. Thus, much of the recent research focus has been in the area of improving our understanding of the genetics and the biology of leukemia. Although in vitro studies remain critical, given the complexity of a living system and the increasing recognition of the contribution of leukemia extrinsic factors such as the bone marrow microenvironment, in vivo models have provided important insights. The murine systems that are used can be broadly categorized into syngeneic models in which a murine leukemia can be studied in immunologically intact hosts and xenograft models where human leukemias are studied in highly immunocompromised murine hosts. Both of these systems have limitations such that neither can be used exclusively to study all aspects of leukemia biology and therapeutics for humans. This review will describe the various ALL model systems that have been developed as well as discuss the advantages and disadvantages inherent to these systems that make each particularly suitable for specific types of studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elad Jacoby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Christopher D Chien
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Targeting components of the alternative NHEJ pathway sensitizes KRAS mutant leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Blood 2014; 123:2355-66. [PMID: 24505083 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-477620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating KRAS mutations are detected in a substantial number of hematologic malignancies. In a murine T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) model, we previously showed that expression of oncogenic Kras induced a premalignant state accompanied with an arrest in T-cell differentiation and acquisition of somatic Notch1 mutations. These findings prompted us to investigate whether the expression of oncogenic KRAS directly affects DNA damage repair. Applying divergent, but complementary, genetic approaches, we demonstrate that the expression of KRAS mutants is associated with increased expression of DNA ligase 3α, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), all essential components of the error-prone, alternative nonhomologous end-joining (alt-NHEJ) pathway. Functional studies revealed delayed repair kinetics, increased misrepair of DNA double-strand breaks, and the preferential use of microhomologous DNA sequences for end joining. Similar effects were observed in primary murine T-ALL blasts. We further show that KRAS-mutated cells, but not KRAS wild-type cells, rely on the alt-NHEJ repair pathway on genotoxic stress. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of DNA ligase 3α abolished resistance to apoptotic cell death in KRAS-mutated cells. Our data indicate that targeting components of the alt-NHEJ pathway sensitizes KRAS-mutated leukemic cells to standard chemotherapeutics and represents a promising approach for inducing synthetic lethal vulnerability in cells harboring otherwise nondruggable KRAS mutations.
Collapse
|
39
|
Daley SR, Coakley KM, Hu DY, Randall KL, Jenne CN, Limnander A, Myers DR, Polakos NK, Enders A, Roots C, Balakishnan B, Miosge LA, Sjollema G, Bertram EM, Field MA, Shao Y, Andrews TD, Whittle B, Barnes SW, Walker JR, Cyster JG, Goodnow CC, Roose JP. Rasgrp1 mutation increases naive T-cell CD44 expression and drives mTOR-dependent accumulation of Helios⁺ T cells and autoantibodies. eLife 2013; 2:e01020. [PMID: 24336796 PMCID: PMC3858598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense variants are a major source of human genetic variation. Here we analyze a new mouse missense variant, Rasgrp1Anaef, with an ENU-mutated EF hand in the Rasgrp1 Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Rasgrp1Anaef mice exhibit anti-nuclear autoantibodies and gradually accumulate a CD44hi Helios+ PD-1+ CD4+ T cell population that is dependent on B cells. Despite reduced Rasgrp1-Ras-ERK activation in vitro, thymocyte selection in Rasgrp1Anaef is mostly normal in vivo, although CD44 is overexpressed on naïve thymocytes and T cells in a T-cell-autonomous manner. We identify CD44 expression as a sensitive reporter of tonic mTOR-S6 kinase signaling through a novel mouse strain, chino, with a reduction-of-function mutation in Mtor. Elevated tonic mTOR-S6 signaling occurs in Rasgrp1Anaef naïve CD4+ T cells. CD44 expression, CD4+ T cell subset ratios and serum autoantibodies all returned to normal in Rasgrp1AnaefMtorchino double-mutant mice, demonstrating that increased mTOR activity is essential for the Rasgrp1Anaef T cell dysregulation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01020.001 Our DNA contains more than three billion nucleotides. Each of these nucleotides can be an A, C, G or T, and groups of three neighboring nucleotides within our DNA are used to represent the 20 amino acids that are used to make proteins. This means that changing just one nucleotide can cause one amino acid to be replaced by a different amino acid in the protein encoded by that stretch of DNA: AAA and AAG code for the amino acid lysine, for example, but AAC and AAT code for asparagine. Known as missense gene variants, these changes can also increase or decrease the expression of the gene. Every person has thousands of missense gene variants, including about 12,000 inherited from their parents. Sometimes these variants have no consequence, but they can be harmful if replacing the correct amino acid with a different amino acid prevents the protein from performing an important task. In particular, missense gene variants in genes that encode immune system proteins are likely to play a role in diseases of the immune system. For example, variants near a gene called Rasgrp1 have been linked to two autoimmune diseases – type 1 diabetes and Graves’ disease—in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells and tissues. Now Daley et al. have shed new light on the mechanism by which a missense gene variant in Rasgrp1 can cause autoimmune diseases. Mice with this mutation show signs of autoimmune disease, but their T cells—white blood cells that have a central role in the immune system – develop normally despite this mutation. Instead, Daley et al. found that a specific type of T cell, called T helper cells, accumulated in large numbers in the mutant mice and stimulated cells of a third type—immune cells called B cells—to produce autoantibodies. The production of autoantibodies is a common feature of autoimmune diseases. Daley et al. traced the origins of the T helper cells to excessive activity on a signaling pathway that involves a protein called mTOR, and went on to show that treatment with the drug rapamycin counteracted the accumulation of the T helper cells and reduced the level of autoimmune activity. In addition to exemplifying how changing just one amino acid change can have a profound effect, the work of Daley et al. is an attractive model for exploring how missense gene variants in people can contribute to autoimmune diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01020.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Daley
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou W, Wang G, Guo S. Regulation of angiogenesis via Notch signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:304-20. [PMID: 24183943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer angiogenesis is elicited and regulated by a number of factors including the Notch signaling. Notch receptors and ligands are expressed in breast cancer cells as well as in the stromal compartment and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. Signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch pathway can amplify and consolidate molecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. Notch signaling and its crosstalk with many signaling pathways play an important role in breast cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal. Therefore, significant attention has been paid in recent years toward the development of clinically useful antagonists of Notch signaling. Better understanding of the structure, function and regulation of Notch intracellular signaling pathways, as well as its complex crosstalk with other oncogenic signals in breast cancer cells will be essential to ensure rational design and application of new combinatory therapeutic strategies. Novel opportunities have emerged from the discovery of Notch crosstalk with inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines and their links to CSCs. Combinatory treatments with drugs designed to prevent Notch oncogenic signal crosstalk may be advantageous over λ secretase inhibitors (GSIs) alone. In this review, we focus on the more recent advancements in our knowledge of aberrant Notch signaling contributing to breast cancer angiogenesis, as well as its crosstalk with other factors contributing to angiogenesis and CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, PR China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Orr B, Compton DA. A double-edged sword: how oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can contribute to chromosomal instability. Front Oncol 2013; 3:164. [PMID: 23825799 PMCID: PMC3695391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors are characterized by abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy) and karyotypic profiling has shown that the majority of these tumors are heterogeneous and chromosomally unstable. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is defined as persistent mis-segregation of whole chromosomes and is caused by defects during mitosis. Large-scale genome sequencing has failed to reveal frequent mutations of genes encoding proteins involved in mitosis. On the contrary, sequencing has revealed that most mutated genes in cancer fall into a limited number of core oncogenic signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle, cell growth, and apoptosis. This led to the notion that the induction of oncogenic signaling is a separate event from the loss of mitotic fidelity, but a growing body of evidence suggests that oncogenic signaling can deregulate cell cycle progression, growth, and differentiation as well as cause CIN. These new results indicate that the induction of CIN can no longer be considered separately from the cancer-associated driver mutations. Here we review the primary causes of CIN in mitosis and discuss how the oncogenic activation of key signal transduction pathways contributes to the induction of CIN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Orr
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH , USA ; The Norris-Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kong G, Du J, Liu Y, Meline B, Chang YI, Ranheim EA, Wang J, Zhang J. Notch1 gene mutations target KRAS G12D-expressing CD8+ cells and contribute to their leukemogenic transformation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18219-27. [PMID: 23673656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.475376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy affecting both children and adults. Previous studies of T-ALL mouse models induced by different genetic mutations have provided highly diverse results on the issues of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma-initiating cells (T-LICs) and potential mechanisms contributing to T-LIC transformation. Here, we show that oncogenic Kras (Kras G12D) expressed from its endogenous locus is a potent inducer of T-ALL even in a less sensitized BALB/c background. Notch1 mutations, including exon 34 mutations and recently characterized type 1 and 2 deletions, are detected in 100% of Kras G12D-induced T-ALL tumors. Although these mutations are not detected at the pre-leukemia stage, incremental up-regulation of NOTCH1 surface expression is observed at the pre-leukemia and leukemia stages. As secondary genetic hits in the Kras G12D model, Notch1 mutations target CD8(+) T-cells but not hematopoietic stem cells to further promote T-ALL progression. Pre-leukemia T-cells without detectable Notch1 mutations do not induce T-ALL in secondary recipient mice compared with T-ALL tumor cells with Notch1 mutations. We found huge variations in T-LIC frequency and immunophenotypes of cells enriched for T-LICs. Unlike Pten deficiency-induced T-ALL, oncogenic Kras-initiated T-ALL is not associated with up-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our results suggest that up-regulation of NOTCH1 signaling, through either overexpression of surface NOTCH1 or acquired gain-of-function mutations, is involved in both T-ALL initiation and progression. Notch1 mutations and Kras G12D contribute cooperatively to leukemogenic transformation of normal T-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Kong
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Defective K-Ras oncoproteins overcome impaired effector activation to initiate leukemia in vivo. Blood 2013; 121:4884-93. [PMID: 23637129 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-432252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversing the aberrant biochemical output of oncogenic Ras proteins is one of the great challenges in cancer therapeutics; however, it is uncertain which Ras effectors are required for tumor initiation and maintenance. To address this question, we expressed oncogenic K-Ras(D12) proteins with "second site" amino acid substitutions that impair PI3 kinase/Akt or Raf/MEK/ERK activation in bone marrow cells and transplanted them into recipient mice. In spite of attenuated signaling properties, defective K-Ras oncoproteins initiated aggressive clonal T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Murine T-ALLs expressing second site mutant proteins restored full oncogenic Ras activity through diverse mechanisms, which included acquiring novel somatic third site Kras(D12) mutations and silencing PTEN. T-ALL cell lines lacking PTEN had elevated levels of phosphorylated Akt, a gene expression pattern similar to human early T-cell precursor ALL, and were resistant to the potent and selective MEK inhibitor PD0325901. Our data, which demonstrate strong selective pressure to overcome the defective activation of PI3 kinase/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK, implicate both Ras effector pathways as drivers of aberrant growth in T-ALL and further suggest that leukemia cells will deploy multiple mechanisms to develop resistance to targeted inhibitors in vivo.
Collapse
|
44
|
Volanakis EJ, Boothby MR, Sherr CJ. Epigenetic regulation of the Ink4a-Arf (Cdkn2a) tumor suppressor locus in the initiation and progression of Notch1-driven T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:377-86. [PMID: 23178376 PMCID: PMC3860824 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations of NOTCH1 and deletion of the INK4A-ARF (CDKN2A) tumor suppressor locus are two of the most frequent genetic alterations in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In a murine model of T-ALL induced by the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the genetic interaction between ICN1 signaling and Arf inactivation is developmentally stage-specific, with a more pronounced requirement for Arf deletion in thymocytes than in bone marrow precursors targeted for transformation. In the thymus, the target cell for transformation is a CD4 and CD8 double-negative progenitor that undergoes T cell receptor beta-chain rearrangement, a cell type in which polycomb silencing of Ink4a-Arf is normally requisite. Epigenetic remodeling during tumor progression licenses Arf as a tumor suppressor and in turn provides the selective pressure for Ink4a-Arf deletion in clonal T-ALLs that emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Volanakis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
In children, T and NK-cell lymphomas are uncommon in Western Countries. While there has been significant experience treating T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), other subtypes are very rarely encountered and there are no standard approaches to their management. There are many challenges in defining optimal therapy for many of these diseases but recent progress in elucidating their biology has led to new molecular insights and identified interesting targets for novel drug discovery. In this review, we discuss these disorders in children, how they are approached therapeutically and what lies on the horizon with respect to novel treatment approaches.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Anthracyclines/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Child
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/mortality
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/mortality
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/therapy
- Natural Killer T-Cells/drug effects
- Natural Killer T-Cells/pathology
- Prognosis
- Survival Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lai
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tam WF, Hähnel PS, Schüler A, Lee BH, Okabe R, Zhu N, Pante SV, Raffel G, Mercher T, Wernig G, Bockamp E, Sasca D, Kreft A, Robinson GW, Hennighausen L, Gilliland DG, Kindler T. STAT5 is crucial to maintain leukemic stem cells in acute myelogenous leukemias induced by MOZ-TIF2. Cancer Res 2012; 73:373-84. [PMID: 23149921 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MOZ-TIF2 is a leukemogenic fusion oncoprotein that confers self-renewal capability to hematopoietic progenitor cells and induces acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with long latency in bone marrow transplantation assays. Here, we report that FLT3-ITD transforms hematopoietic cells in cooperation with MOZ-TIF2 in vitro and in vivo. Coexpression of FLT3-ITD confers growth factor independent survival/proliferation, shortens disease latency, and results in an increase in the number of leukemic stem cells (LSC). We show that STAT5, a major effector of aberrant FLT3-ITD signal transduction, is both necessary and sufficient for this cooperative effect. In addition, STAT5 signaling is essential for MOZ-TIF2-induced leukemic transformation itself. Lack of STAT5 in fetal liver cells caused rapid differentiation and loss of replating capacity of MOZ-TIF2-transduced cells enriched for LSCs. Furthermore, mice serially transplanted with Stat5(-/-) MOZ-TIF2 leukemic cells develop AML with longer disease latency and finally incomplete penetrance when compared with mice transplanted with Stat5(+/+) MOZ-TIF2 leukemic cells. These data suggest that STAT5AB is required for the self-renewal of LSCs and represents a combined signaling node of FLT3-ITD and MOZ-TIF2 driven leukemogenesis. Therefore, targeting aberrantly activated STAT5 or rewired downstream signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie F Tam
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Van Vlierberghe P, Ferrando A. The molecular basis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3398-406. [PMID: 23023710 DOI: 10.1172/jci61269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) arise from the malignant transformation of hematopoietic progenitors primed toward T cell development, as result of a multistep oncogenic process involving constitutive activation of NOTCH signaling and genetic alterations in transcription factors, signaling oncogenes, and tumor suppressors. Notably, these genetic alterations define distinct molecular groups of T-ALL with specific gene expression signatures and clinicobiological features. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Huang C, Hu X, Wang L, Lü S, Cheng H, Song X, Wang J, Yang J. Bortezomib suppresses the growth of leukemia cells with Notch1 overexpression in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 70:801-9. [PMID: 22996635 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib has been widely used in the treatment of various cancers; however, its exact mechanisms of action are not fully understood, particularly in acute T lymphoblast leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we visualize the anti-leukemia effect of bortezomib in both human T-ALL cell line and animal models. In vitro study, a human T-ALL cell line bearing Notch1 mutations, MOLT-4, was treated with bortezomib. At clinically achievable concentrations, bortezomib inhibited cell growth by inducing G1 phase arrest and apoptosis with a dose-dependent manner. A murine tumor xenograft model was achieved by subcutaneous injection of MOLT-4 cells for in vivo study. Administration of bortezomib significantly reduced tumor mass volume when compared with controls. Of note, bortezomib inhibited growth of leukemia cells in a Notch1-induced murine T-ALL model, and the life span of leukemia-bearing mice was markedly increased. Further studies revealed that bortezomib led to inhibited expression of Notch1 target genes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that bortezomib shows significant anti-leukemia effect in T-ALL bearing Notch1 mutations in vitro and in vivo. The present study provides evidence that bortezomib might be a candidate therapeutic reagent in the treatment of T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongmei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, PLA, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Du J, Liu Y, Meline B, Kong G, Tan LX, Lo JC, Wang J, Ranheim E, Zhang L, Chang YI, Ryu MJ, Zhang JF, Zhang J. Loss of CD44 attenuates aberrant GM-CSF signaling in Kras G12D hematopoietic progenitor/precursor cells and prolongs the survival of diseased animals. Leukemia 2012; 27:754-7. [PMID: 22976127 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
50
|
Abstract
Ras proteins are critical nodes in cellular signaling that integrate inputs from activated cell surface receptors and other stimuli to modulate cell fate through a complex network of effector pathways. Oncogenic RAS mutations are found in ∼25% of human cancers and are highly prevalent in hematopoietic malignancies. Because of their structural and biochemical properties, oncogenic Ras proteins are exceedingly difficult targets for rational drug discovery, and no mechanism-based therapies exist for cancers with RAS mutations. This article reviews the properties of normal and oncogenic Ras proteins, the prevalence and likely pathogenic role of NRAS, KRAS, and NF1 mutations in hematopoietic malignancies, relevant animal models of these cancers, and implications for drug discovery. Because hematologic malignancies are experimentally tractable, they are especially valuable platforms for addressing the fundamental question of how to reverse the adverse biochemical output of oncogenic Ras in cancer.
Collapse
|