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Lin Y, Huang Y, Yang B, Zhang Y, Ji N, Li J, Zhou Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Precision therapy targeting CAMK2 to overcome resistance to EGFR inhibitors in FAT1-mutated oral squamous cell carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01204. [PMID: 39227322 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of cancer with a high mortality rate in its late stages. One of the major challenges in OSCC treatment is the resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the mechanism underlying drug resistance and develop appropriate precision therapy strategies to enhance clinical efficacy. METHODS To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) inhibitor KN93 and EGFR inhibitors, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments using two FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1)-deficient (SCC9 and SCC25) and two FAT1 wild-type (SCC47 and HN12) OSCC cell lines. We assessed the effects of EGFR inhibitors (afatinib or cetuximab), KN93, or their combination on the malignant phenotype of OSCC in vivo and in vitro. The alterations in protein expression levels of members of the EGFR signaling pathway and SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) were analyzed. Changes in the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) protein were characterized. Moreover, we analyzed mitochondrial dysfunction. Besides, the effects of combination therapy on mitochondrial dynamics were also evaluated. RESULTS OSCC with FAT1 mutations exhibited resistance to EGFR inhibitors treatment. The combination of KN93 and EGFR inhibitors significantly inhibited the proliferation, survival, and migration of FAT1-mutated OSCC cells and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, combination therapy enhanced the therapeutic sensitivity of FAT1-mutated OSCC cells to EGFR inhibitors by modulating the EGFR pathway and downregulated tumor stemness-related proteins. Furthermore, combination therapy induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics, ultimately resulting in tumor suppression. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with EGFR inhibitors and KN93 could be a novel precision therapeutic strategy and a potential clinical solution for EGFR-resistant OSCC patients with FAT1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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2
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Epigenetic DNA Modifications Upregulate SPRY2 in Human Colorectal Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102632. [PMID: 34685612 PMCID: PMC8534322 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional wisdom is that Sprouty2 (SPRY2), a suppressor of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) signaling, functions as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in many solid tumors. We reported, for the first time, that increased expression of SPRY2 augments cancer phenotype and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this report, we assessed epigenetic DNA modifications that regulate SPRY2 expression in CRC. A total of 4 loci within SPRY2 were evaluated for 5mC using Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis (COBRA). Previously sequenced 5hmC nano-hmC seal data within SPRY2 promoter and gene body were evaluated in CRC. Combined bioinformatics analyses of SPRY2 CRC transcripts by RNA-seq/microarray and 450K methyl-array data archived in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO database were performed. SPRY2 protein in CRC tumors and cells was measured by Western blotting. Increased SPRY2 mRNA was observed across several CRC datasets and increased protein expression was observed among CRC patient samples. For the first time, SPRY2 hypomethylation was identified in adenocarcinomas in the promoter and gene body. We also revealed, for the first time, increases of 5hmC deposition in the promoter region of SPRY2 in CRC. SPRY2 promoter hypomethylation and increased 5hmC may play an influential role in upregulating SPRY2 in CRC.
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3
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Dugan HL, Stamper CT, Li L, Changrob S, Asby NW, Halfmann PJ, Zheng NY, Huang M, Shaw DG, Cobb MS, Erickson SA, Guthmiller JJ, Stovicek O, Wang J, Winkler ES, Madariaga ML, Shanmugarajah K, Jansen MO, Amanat F, Stewart I, Utset HA, Huang J, Nelson CA, Dai YN, Hall PD, Jedrzejczak RP, Joachimiak A, Krammer F, Diamond MS, Fremont DH, Kawaoka Y, Wilson PC. Profiling B cell immunodominance after SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals antibody evolution to non-neutralizing viral targets. Immunity 2021; 54:1290-1303.e7. [PMID: 34022127 PMCID: PMC8101792 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting the evolution of memory B cells (MBCs) against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for understanding antibody recall upon secondary exposure. Here, we used single-cell sequencing to profile SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells in 38 COVID-19 patients. Using oligo-tagged antigen baits, we isolated B cells specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike, nucleoprotein (NP), open reading frame 8 (ORF8), and endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) spike proteins. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific cells were enriched in the memory compartment of acutely infected and convalescent patients several months post symptom onset. With severe acute infection, substantial populations of endemic HCoV-reactive antibody-secreting cells were identified and possessed highly mutated variable genes, signifying preexisting immunity. Finally, MBCs exhibited pronounced maturation to NP and ORF8 over time, especially in older patients. Monoclonal antibodies against these targets were non-neutralizing and non-protective in vivo. These findings reveal antibody adaptation to non-neutralizing intracellular antigens during infection, emphasizing the importance of vaccination for inducing neutralizing spike-specific MBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L Dugan
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Lei Li
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Siriruk Changrob
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas W Asby
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Nai-Ying Zheng
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Min Huang
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dustin G Shaw
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mari S Cobb
- Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven A Erickson
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jenna J Guthmiller
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olivia Stovicek
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Maud O Jansen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Isabelle Stewart
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Henry A Utset
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ya-Nan Dai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Paige D Hall
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Robert P Jedrzejczak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Molecular Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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4
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Kholodenko BN, Rauch N, Kolch W, Rukhlenko OS. A systematic analysis of signaling reactivation and drug resistance. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109157. [PMID: 34038718 PMCID: PMC8202068 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the reactivation of initially inhibited signaling pathways causes drug resistance. Here, we analyze how network topologies affect signaling responses to drug treatment. Network-dependent drug resistance is commonly attributed to negative and positive feedback loops. However, feedback loops by themselves cannot completely reactivate steady-state signaling. Newly synthesized negative feedback regulators can induce a transient overshoot but cannot fully restore output signaling. Complete signaling reactivation can only occur when at least two routes, an activating and inhibitory, connect an inhibited upstream protein to a downstream output. Irrespective of the network topology, drug-induced overexpression or increase in target dimerization can restore or even paradoxically increase downstream pathway activity. Kinase dimerization cooperates with inhibitor-mediated alleviation of negative feedback. Our findings inform drug development by considering network context and optimizing the design drug combinations. As an example, we predict and experimentally confirm specific combinations of RAF inhibitors that block mutant NRAS signaling. Kholodenko et al. uncover signaling network circuitries and molecular mechanisms necessary and sufficient for complete reactivation or overshoot of steady-state signaling after kinase inhibitor treatment. The two means to revive signaling output fully are through network topology or reactivation of the kinase activity of the primary drug target. Blocking RAF dimer activity by a combination of type I½ and type II RAF inhibitors efficiently blocks mutant NRAS-driven ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris N Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Nora Rauch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oleksii S Rukhlenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhu Y, Pan X, Du N, Li K, Hu Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zuo L, Meng X, Hu C, Wu X, Jin J, Wu W, Chen X, Wu F, Huang Y. ASIC1a regulates miR‐350/SPRY2 by N
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‐methyladenosine to promote liver fibrosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:14371-14388. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001337r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Zhu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Xuesheng Pan
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Na Du
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Kuayue Li
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Yamin Hu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Lili Wang
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Yanyi Liu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Longquan Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy Hospital of Armed Police of Anhui Province Hefei230041China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Chengmu Hu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - xian Wu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Anhui Medical University Hefei230032China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- 4Department of General Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei230022China
| | - Xiangtao Chen
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Fanrong Wu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
| | - Yan Huang
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University, 230032, China Hefei230032China
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Zhang RY, Yu ZH, Chen L, Walls CD, Zhang S, Wu L, Zhang ZY. Mechanistic insights explain the transforming potential of the T507K substitution in the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6187-6201. [PMID: 32188694 PMCID: PMC7196634 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is an allosteric enzyme critical for cellular events downstream of growth factor receptors. Mutations in the SHP2 gene have been linked to many different types of human diseases, including developmental disorders, leukemia, and solid tumors. Unlike most SHP2-activating mutations, the T507K substitution in SHP2 is unique in that it exhibits oncogenic Ras-like transforming activity. However, the biochemical basis of how the SHP2/T507K variant elicits transformation remains unclear. By combining kinetic and biophysical methods, X-ray crystallography, and molecular modeling, as well as using cell biology approaches, here we uncovered that the T507K substitution alters both SHP2 substrate specificity and its allosteric regulatory mechanism. We found that although SHP2/T507K exists in the closed, autoinhibited conformation similar to the WT enzyme, the interactions between its N-SH2 and protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains are weakened such that SHP2/T507K possesses a higher affinity for the scaffolding protein Grb2-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1). We also discovered that the T507K substitution alters the structure of the SHP2 active site, resulting in a change in SHP2 substrate preference for Sprouty1, a known negative regulator of Ras signaling and a potential tumor suppressor. Our results suggest that SHP2/T507K's shift in substrate specificity coupled with its preferential association of SHP2/T507K with Gab1 enable the mutant SHP2 to more efficiently dephosphorylate Sprouty1 at pTyr-53. This dephosphorylation hyperactivates Ras signaling, which is likely responsible for SHP2/T507K's Ras-like transforming activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Lan Chen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chad D. Walls
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Li Wu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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7
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Gao W, Lin S, Cheng C, Zhu A, Hu Y, Shi Z, Zhang X, Hong Z. Long non-coding RNA CASC2 regulates Sprouty2 via functioning as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-183 to modulate the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Staphylococcal LTA antagonizes the B cell-mitogenic potential of LPS. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1496. [PMID: 29367683 PMCID: PMC5784022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Gram-positive bacteria is regarded as the counterpart biomolecule of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria because of their structural and immunological similarities. Although LPS induces a strong polyclonal expansion of B cells, little is known about the effect of LTA on B cell proliferation. In the present study, we prepared LTAs from Gram-positive bacteria and examined their effect on splenic B cell proliferation. Unlike LPS, LTA did not induce B cell proliferation. Instead, Staphylococcus aureus LTA (Sa.LTA) appeared to inhibit LPS-induced B cell proliferation in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. Such effect was observed neither in splenocytes from Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient mice nor in the purified splenic B cells. Furthermore, decreased ERK phosphorylation appeared to be responsible for this phenomenon. Collectively, our results support that Sa.LTA inhibited LPS-induced B cell proliferation through the decrease of ERK phosphorylation via TLR2 signaling pathway.
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Kunimoto H, Meydan C, Nazir A, Whitfield J, Shank K, Rapaport F, Maher R, Pronier E, Meyer SC, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Tallman M, Melnick A, Levine RL, Shih AH. Cooperative Epigenetic Remodeling by TET2 Loss and NRAS Mutation Drives Myeloid Transformation and MEK Inhibitor Sensitivity. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:44-59.e8. [PMID: 29275866 PMCID: PMC5760367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in epigenetic modifiers and signaling factors often co-occur in myeloid malignancies, including TET2 and NRAS mutations. Concurrent Tet2 loss and NrasG12D expression in hematopoietic cells induced myeloid transformation, with a fully penetrant, lethal chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), which was serially transplantable. Tet2 loss and Nras mutation cooperatively led to decrease in negative regulators of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, including Spry2, thereby causing synergistic activation of MAPK signaling by epigenetic silencing. Tet2/Nras double-mutant leukemia showed preferential sensitivity to MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibition in both mouse model and patient samples. These data provide insights into how epigenetic and signaling mutations cooperate in myeloid transformation and provide a rationale for mechanism-based therapy in CMML patients with these high-risk genetic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Kunimoto
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abbas Nazir
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justin Whitfield
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Shank
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Franck Rapaport
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca Maher
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Elodie Pronier
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sara C Meyer
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Martin Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Alan H Shih
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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10
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Shukla A, Shukla V, Joshi SS. Regulation of MAPK signaling and implications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1565-1573. [PMID: 28882083 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1370548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous B cell malignancy that still remains incurable. Recent studies have highlighted cellular and non-cellular components of the tissue microenvironment in CLL that help nurture the growth of leukemic cells by providing the necessary stimuli for their proliferation and survival. The diverse stimuli in the specialized tissue microenvironment of CLL lead to constitutive activation of several signaling pathways that includes B cell receptor signaling and the associated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Recent findings have described aberrant activation of MAPK signaling and its interactions with other cellular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CLL. These studies have shed light on the deregulated molecular mechanisms contributing to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling and provided avenues for therapeutic options for aggressive CLL. In this review, we describe and discuss the current status of our understanding into the role of MAPK signaling in the pathogenesis of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Shukla
- a Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Vipul Shukla
- b La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- c Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Centre , Omaha , NE , USA
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Soubere Mahamoud Y, Aite M, Martin C, Zhadobov M, Sauleau R, Le Dréan Y, Habauzit D. Additive Effects of Millimeter Waves and 2-Deoxyglucose Co-Exposure on the Human Keratinocyte Transcriptome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160810. [PMID: 27529420 PMCID: PMC4986955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Millimeter Waves (MMW) will be used in the next-generation of high-speed wireless technologies, especially in future Ultra-Broadband small cells in 5G cellular networks. Therefore, their biocompatibilities must be evaluated prior to their massive deployment. Using a microarray-based approach, we analyzed modifications to the whole genome of a human keratinocyte model that was exposed at 60.4 GHz-MMW at an incident power density (IPD) of 20 mW/cm2 for 3 hours in athermic conditions. No keratinocyte transcriptome modifications were observed. We tested the effects of MMWs on cell metabolism by co-treating MMW-exposed cells with a glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2dG, 20 mM for 3 hours), and whole genome expression was evaluated along with the ATP content. We found that the 2dG treatment decreased the cellular ATP content and induced a high modification in the transcriptome (632 coding genes). The affected genes were associated with transcriptional repression, cellular communication and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. The MMW/2dG co-treatment did not alter the keratinocyte ATP content, but it did slightly alter the transcriptome, which reflected the capacity of MMW to interfere with the bioenergetic stress response. The RT-PCR-based validation confirmed 6 MMW-sensitive genes (SOCS3, SPRY2, TRIB1, FAM46A, CSRNP1 and PPP1R15A) during the 2dG treatment. These 6 genes encoded transcription factors or inhibitors of cytokine pathways, which raised questions regarding the potential impact of long-term or chronic MMW exposure on metabolically stressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonis Soubere Mahamoud
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,University of Djibouti, Djibouti City, Djibouti
| | - Meziane Aite
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Martin
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Maxim Zhadobov
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Sauleau
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Dréan
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Denis Habauzit
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), Transcription, Environment and Cancer group (TREC), Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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12
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Shinohara H, Inoue K, Yumoto N, Nagashima T, Okada-Hatakeyama M. Stimulus-Dependent Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Expression Prolongs the Duration of B Cell Signalling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27706. [PMID: 27277891 PMCID: PMC4899755 DOI: 10.1038/srep27706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dynamic behaviours of signalling activity can induce distinct biological responses in a variety of cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine the dynamics of kinase activities in immune cells are not well understood. In this study, we showed that the duration of both IκB kinase (IKK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activities in B cell receptor (BCR)- and CD40-signalling pathways in B cells were regulated by transcriptional feedback loops. We conducted a time-course transcriptome analysis after BCR or CD40 stimulation and identified the following four candidate genes as feedback regulators for IKK and ERK: inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), TNF alpha-induced protein 3, dual-specificity phosphatase 5, and sprouty homolog 2. Quantitative experiments and mathematical modelling suggested that IAP inhibition shortened the duration of IKK and ERK activity following both BCR and CD40 pathway stimulation, indicating a positive role for IAP in B cell signalling. Furthermore, transient kinase activities induced by IAP blockage reduced the levels of delayed expression genes. Together, our findings suggest that IKK and ERK activity durations can be fine-tuned by the coordinated regulation of positive and negative transcriptional feedback and that these network properties determine the biological output of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Shinohara
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Yumoto
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mariko Okada-Hatakeyama
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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13
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Sprouty2 regulates proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma by inhibiting activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:474-482.e2. [PMID: 27016275 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. MicroRNA (miR)-21 was detected at a high level in MM and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MM. However, Sprouty2 (spry2), a downstream target of miR-21, has low expression, and its mechanism in MM is unknown. We investigated whether spry2 could exert an antimyeloma effect and further studied the potential pathogenesis and progression of MM. To address the functional consequences of spry2, we assessed the expression levels of spry2 in several myeloma cell lines and detected low expression levels in MM cells. Overexpression of spry2 suppressed growth and colony formation ability and decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Spry2 also decreased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and partially enhanced the sensitivity of MM cells to an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 2. Additionally, spry2 inhibited the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of MM cells in vivo. In summary, we report for the first time that spry2 can inhibit MM cell growth and survival with a concomitant reduction in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 in vitro and in vivo.
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14
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Sprouty 2: a novel attenuator of B-cell receptor and MAPK-Erk signaling in CLL. Blood 2016; 127:2310-21. [PMID: 26809508 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-669317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical heterogeneity is a major barrier to effective treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Emerging evidence suggests that constitutive activation of various signaling pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-Erk) signaling plays a role in the heterogeneous clinical outcome of CLL patients. In this study, we have investigated the role of Sprouty (SPRY)2 as a negative regulator of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the pathogenesis of CLL. We show that SPRY2 expression is significantly decreased in CLL cells, particularly from poor-prognosis patients compared with those from good-prognosis patients. Overexpression of SPRY2 in CLL cells from poor-prognosis patients increased their apoptosis. Conversely, downregulation of SPRY2 in CLL cells from good-prognosis patients resulted in increased proliferation. Furthermore, CLL cells with low SPRY2 expression grew more rapidly in a xenograft model of CLL. Strikingly, B-cell-specific transgenic overexpression of spry2 in mice led to a decrease in the frequency of B1 cells, the precursors of CLL cells in rodents. Mechanistically, we show that SPRY2 attenuates the B-cell receptor (BCR) and MAPK-Erk signaling by binding to and antagonizing the activities of RAF1, BRAF, and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) in normal B cells and CLL cells. We also show that SPRY2 is targeted by microRNA-21, which in turn leads to increased activity of Syk and Erk in CLL cells. Taken together, these results establish SPRY2 as a critical negative regulator of BCR-mediated MAPK-Erk signaling in CLL, thereby providing one of the molecular mechanisms to explain the clinical heterogeneity of CLL.
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15
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Kral R, Doriguzzi A, Mayer CE, Krenbek D, Setinek U, Sutterlüty-Fall H. Differential Effects of Variations at Codon 106 on Sprouty2 Functions in Lung Cancer-Derived Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1822-32. [PMID: 26727965 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sprouty2 is a modulator of receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signalling with an important role during lung carcinogenesis. Here, we characterize a Sprouty2 variant harbouring a substitution of proline 106 with serine. Serine substitution fails to influence expression, but accumulation of slower migrating phosphatase-sensitive forms indicates that its presence facilitates phosphorylation. In normal lung cells the serine variant is slightly more potent in inhibiting proliferation and migration. Additionally non-malignant cells expressing the major Sprouty2 variant attach more effective to fibronectin, while the serine variant only weakly stimulates cell adhesion. Mechanistically, the serine variant interferes less effectively with mitogen-activated protein kinase induction in response to serum. Concerning the positive Sprouty2 effect on epidermal growth factor receptor activation the serine variant is more potent. In all lung cancer-derived cell lines proliferation is more effectively inhibited if the Sprouty2 protein harbours the serine. In contrast, an increased interference of the serine Sprouty2 variant is only observed in cells with unaltered K-Ras. In cells harbouring a K-Ras mutation the serine conversion weakens the reduction of migration velocity indicating that dependent on the status of K-Ras the serine influences Sprouty2 functions differently. Accordingly, cell adhesion in cells with unaffected K-Ras is only stimulated by a Sprouty2 protein harbouring proline, while a serine conversion improves the attachment of the cells with constitutive active Ras. In summary our studies demonstrate that substitution of proline by serine at position 106 has biological significance and that the observed effects of this conversion depend on the activation status of endogenous K-Ras. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1822-1832, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Kral
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelina Doriguzzi
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph-Erik Mayer
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Krenbek
- Institute for Pathology and Bacteriology, Otto Wagner Hospital, Baumgartner Höhe, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Setinek
- Institute for Pathology and Bacteriology, Otto Wagner Hospital, Baumgartner Höhe, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hedwig Sutterlüty-Fall
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Barbáchano A, Fernández-Barral A, Pereira F, Segura MF, Ordóñez-Morán P, Carrillo-de Santa Pau E, González-Sancho JM, Hanniford D, Martínez N, Costales-Carrera A, Real FX, Pálmer HG, Rojas JM, Hernando E, Muñoz A. SPROUTY-2 represses the epithelial phenotype of colon carcinoma cells via upregulation of ZEB1 mediated by ETS1 and miR-200/miR-150. Oncogene 2015; 35:2991-3003. [PMID: 26455323 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SPROUTY-2 (SPRY2) is a modulator of tyrosine kinase receptor signaling with receptor- and cell type-dependent inhibitory or enhancing effects. Studies on the action of SPRY2 in major cancers are conflicting and its role remains unclear. Here we have dissected SPRY2 action in human colon cancer. Global transcriptomic analyses show that SPRY2 downregulates genes encoding tight junction proteins such as claudin-7 and occludin and other cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion molecules in human SW480-ADH colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, SPRY2 represses LLGL2/HUGL2, PATJ1/INADL and ST14, main regulators of the polarized epithelial phenotype, and ESRP1, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibitor. A key action of SPRY2 is the upregulation of the major EMT inducer ZEB1, as these effects are reversed by ZEB1 knock-down by means of RNA interference. Consistently, we found an inverse correlation between the expression level of claudin-7 and those of SPRY2 and ZEB1 in human colon tumors. Mechanistically, ZEB1 upregulation by SPRY2 results from the combined induction of ETS1 transcription factor and the repression of microRNAs (miR-200 family, miR-150) that target ZEB1 RNA. Moreover, SPRY2 increased AKT activation by epidermal growth factor, whereas AKT and also Src inhibition reduced the induction of ZEB1. Altogether, these data suggest that AKT and Src are implicated in SPRY2 action. Collectively, these results show a tumorigenic role of SPRY2 in colon cancer that is based on the dysregulation of tight junction and epithelial polarity master genes via upregulation of ZEB1. The dissection of the mechanism of action of SPRY2 in colon cancer cells is important to understand the upregulation of this gene in a subset of patients with this neoplasia that have poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbáchano
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Barral
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Pereira
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M F Segura
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - P Ordóñez-Morán
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Carrillo-de Santa Pau
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M González-Sancho
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Hanniford
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - N Martínez
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Costales-Carrera
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H G Pálmer
- Stem cells and Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Rojas
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - A Muñoz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Yu T, Volponi AA, Babb R, An Z, Sharpe PT. Stem Cells in Tooth Development, Growth, Repair, and Regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 115:187-212. [PMID: 26589926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human teeth contain stem cells in all their mesenchymal-derived tissues, which include the pulp, periodontal ligament, and developing roots, in addition to the support tissues such as the alveolar bone. The precise roles of these cells remain poorly understood and most likely involve tissue repair mechanisms but their relative ease of harvesting makes teeth a valuable potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for therapeutic use. These dental MSC populations all appear to have the same developmental origins, being derived from cranial neural crest cells, a population of embryonic stem cells with multipotential properties. In rodents, the incisor teeth grow continuously throughout life, a feature that requires populations of continuously active mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells. The discrete locations of these stem cells in the incisor have rendered them amenable for study and much is being learnt about the general properties of these stem cells for the incisor as a model system. The incisor MSCs appear to be a heterogeneous population consisting of cells from different neural crest-derived tissues. The epithelial stem cells can be traced directly back in development to a Sox10(+) population present at the time of tooth initiation. In this review, we describe the basic biology of dental stem cells, their functions, and potential clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Babb
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengwen An
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
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18
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Shojaee S, Caeser R, Buchner M, Park E, Swaminathan S, Hurtz C, Geng H, Chan LN, Klemm L, Hofmann WK, Qiu YH, Zhang N, Coombes KR, Paietta E, Molkentin J, Koeffler HP, Willman CL, Hunger SP, Melnick A, Kornblau SM, Müschen M. Erk Negative Feedback Control Enables Pre-B Cell Transformation and Represents a Therapeutic Target in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:114-28. [PMID: 26073130 PMCID: PMC4565502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Studying mechanisms of malignant transformation of human pre-B cells, we found that acute activation of oncogenes induced immediate cell death in the vast majority of cells. Few surviving pre-B cell clones had acquired permissiveness to oncogenic signaling by strong activation of negative feedback regulation of Erk signaling. Studying negative feedback regulation of Erk in genetic experiments at three different levels, we found that Spry2, Dusp6, and Etv5 were essential for oncogenic transformation in mouse models for pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Interestingly, a small molecule inhibitor of DUSP6 selectively induced cell death in patient-derived pre-B ALL cells and overcame conventional mechanisms of drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmehdi Shojaee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rebecca Caeser
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Maike Buchner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eugene Park
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lai N Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lars Klemm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 68167, Germany
| | - Yi Hua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nianxiang Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Jeffery Molkentin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45247, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Cheryl L Willman
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Sprouty proteins are evolutionarily conserved modulators of MAPK/ERK pathway. Through interacting with an increasing number of effectors, mediators, and regulators with ultimate influence on multiple targets within or beyond ERK, Sprouty orchestrates a complex, multilayered regulatory system and mediates a crosstalk among different signaling pathways for a coordinated cellular response. As such, Sprouty has been implicated in various developmental and physiological processes. Evidence shows that ERK is aberrantly activated in malignant conditions. Accordingly, Sprouty deregulation has been reported in different cancer types and shown to impact cancer development, progression, and metastasis. In this article, we have tried to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the Sprouty physiology and its regulatory functions in health, as well as an updated review of the Sprouty status in cancer. Putative implications of Sprouty in cancer biology, their clinical relevance, and their proposed applications are also revisited. As a developing story, however, role of Sprouty in cancer remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Masoumi-Moghaddam
- UNSW Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia,
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20
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Abu-Elmagd M, Goljanek Whysall K, Wheeler G, Münsterberg A. Sprouty2 mediated tuning of signalling is essential for somite myogenesis. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8 Suppl 1:S8. [PMID: 25783674 PMCID: PMC4315326 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-s1-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Negative regulators of signal transduction cascades play critical roles in controlling different aspects of normal embryonic development. Sprouty2 (Spry2) negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and FGF signalling and is important in differentiation, cell migration and proliferation. In vertebrate embryos, Spry2 is expressed in paraxial mesoderm and in forming somites. Expression is maintained in the myotome until late stages of somite differentiation. However, its role and mode of action during somite myogenesis is still unclear. Results Here, we analysed chick Spry2 expression and showed that it overlaps with that of myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and Mgn. Targeted mis-expression of Spry2 led to inhibition of myogenesis, whilst its C-terminal domain led to an increased number of myogenic cells by stimulating cell proliferation. Conclusions Spry2 is expressed in somite myotomes and its expression overlaps with myogenic regulatory factors. Overexpression and dominant-negative interference showed that Spry2 plays a crucial role in regulating chick myogenesis by fine tuning of FGF signaling through a negative feedback loop. We also propose that mir-23, mir-27 and mir-128 could be part of the negative feedback loop mechanism. Our analysis is the first to shed some light on in vivo Spry2 function during chick somite myogenesis.
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21
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A SPRY2 mutation leading to MAPK/ERK pathway inhibition is associated with an autosomal dominant form of IgA nephropathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1673-8. [PMID: 25782674 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) represents the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide with a prevalence of 25-50% among patients with primary glomerulopathies. In ~5-10% of the patients the disease segregates with an autosomal dominant (AD) pattern. Association studies identified loci on chromosomes 1q32, 6p21, 8p23, 17p13, 22q12, whereas classical linkage studies on AD families identified loci on chromosomes 2q36, 4q26-31, 6q22, 17q12-22. We have studied a large Sicilian family where IgAN segregates with an AD transmission. To identify the causal gene, the exomes of two affected and one unaffected individual have been sequenced. From the bioinformatics analysis a p.(Arg119Trp) variant in the SPRY2 gene was identified as the probable disease-causing mutation. Moreover, functional characterization of this variant showed that it is responsible for the inhibition of the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. The same effect was observed in two sporadic IgAN patients carriers of wild-type SPRY2, suggesting that downregulation of the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway represents a common mechanism leading to IgAN.
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22
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Masoumi-Moghaddam S, Amini A, Wei AQ, Robertson G, Morris DL. Sprouty 2 protein, but not Sprouty 4, is an independent prognostic biomarker for human epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:560-70. [PMID: 25630587 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sprouty proteins are evolutionary-conserved modulators of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, deregulation of which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cancer. In the present study, the expression status of Spry2 and Spry4 proteins and its clinical relevance in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) were investigated retrospectively. We examined the immunohistochemical expression of Spry2 and Spry4 in matched tumor and normal tissue samples from 99 patients. The expression of ERK, p-ERK, Ki67, fibroblast growth factor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 and their correlation with Sprouty homologs were also evaluated. Moreover, the correlation between Spry2 and Spry4 and the clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed along with their predictive value for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Our data indicated significant downregulation of Spry2 and Spry4 in tumor tissues (p < 0.0001). A significant inverse correlation was evident between Spry2 and p-ERK/ERK (p = 0.048), Ki67 (p = 0.011), disease stage (p = 0.013), tumor grade (p = 0.003), recurrence (p < 0.001) and post-treatment ascites (p = 0.001), individually. It was found that Spry2 low-expressing patients had significantly poorer OS (p = 0.002) and DFS (p = 0.004) than those with high expression of Spry2. Multivariate analysis showed that high Spry2 (p = 0.018), low stage (p = 0.049) and no residual tumor (p =0.006) were independent prognostic factors for a better OS. With regard to DFS, high Spry2 (p = 0.044) and low stage (p = 0.046) remained as independent predictors. In conclusion, we report for the first time significant downregulation of Spry2 and Spry4 proteins in human EOC. Spry2 expression was revealed to significantly impact tumor behavior with predictive value as an independent prognostic factor for survival and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Masoumi-Moghaddam
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Afshin Amini
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ai-Qun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George Hospital, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory Robertson
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, St George Hospital, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Lin CL, Chiang WF, Tung CL, Hsieh JL, Hsiao JR, Huang WT, Feng LY, Chang CH, Liu SY, Tsao CJ, Feng YH. Sprouty2 protein is downregulated in human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and suppresses cell proliferation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:547-54. [PMID: 25333206 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouty2 is known for its tumor-suppressing effect in various human malignant diseases. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the role of sprouty2 in tumorigenesis and clinical implication remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of sprouty2 in patients with HNSCC and its function in vitro. Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of sprouty2 was performed on frozen tumor samples from 42 patients with HNSCC and 19 with oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) with paired counterparts of normal mucosa. Downregulation of sprouty2 expression was demonstrated in 79% of HNSCC samples and in 58% of OVH samples compared with paired samples of normal mucosa. Enhanced expression of sprouty2 protein suppressed the growth of HNSCC cells and signaling of the phosphorylated AKT pathway. Following transfection of the sprouty2 plasmid, HNSCC cells were more sensitive to sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of Raf and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. The present study suggested that sprouty2 expression was downregulated and behaved as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC. Sprouty2 expression in tumor cells enhanced sensitivity to sorafenib. Further studies are required to define the clinical impact of sprouty2 in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Liang Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Department of Dentology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Ling Tung
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Long Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Tsung Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Yia Feng
- National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 81271, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Hua Chang
- Department of Dentology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Dentistry, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Jung Tsao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yin-Hsun Feng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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24
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Sprouty1 induces a senescence-associated secretory phenotype by regulating NFκB activity: implications for tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2013; 21:333-43. [PMID: 24270409 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes of the Sprouty family (Spry1-4) are feedback inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. As such, they restrain proliferation of many cell types and have been proposed as tumor-suppressor genes. Although their most widely accepted target is the Extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway, the mechanisms by which Spry proteins inhibit RTK signaling are poorly understood. In the present work, we describe a novel mechanism by which Spry1 restricts proliferation, independently of the ERK pathway. In vivo analysis of thyroid glands from Spry1 knockout mice reveals that Spry1 induces a senescence-associated secretory phenotype via activation of the NFκB pathway. Consistently, thyroids from Spry1 knockout mice are bigger and exhibit decreased markers of senescence including Ki67 labeling and senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Although such 'escape' from senescence is not sufficient to promote thyroid tumorigenesis in adult mice up to 5 months, the onset of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten)-induced tumor formation is accelerated when Spry1 is concomitantly eliminated. Accordingly, we observe a reduction of SPRY1 levels in human thyroid malignancies when compared with non-tumoral tissue. We propose that Spry1 acts as a sensor of mitogenic activity that not only attenuates RTK signaling but also induces a cellular senescence response to avoid uncontrolled proliferation.
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25
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Chen FJ, Lee KW, Lai CC, Lee SP, Shen HH, Tsai SP, Liu BH, Wang LM, Liou GG. Structure of native oligomeric Sprouty2 by electron microscopy and its property of electroconductivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:351-6. [PMID: 24012675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate many cellular processes, and Sprouty2 (Spry2) is known as an important regulator of RTK signaling pathways. Therefore, it is worth investigating the properties of Spry2 in more detail. In this study, we found that Spry2 is able to self-assemble into oligomers with a high-affinity KD value of approximately 16nM, as determined through BIAcore surface plasmon resonance analysis. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of Spry2 was resolved using an electron microscopy (EM) single-particle reconstruction approach, which revealed that Spry2 is donut-shaped with two lip-cover domains. Furthermore, the method of energy dispersive spectrum obtained through EM was analyzed to determine the elements carried by Spry2, and the results demonstrated that Spry2 is a silicon- and iron-containing protein. The silicon may contribute to the electroconductivity of Spry2, and this property exhibits a concentration-dependent feature. This study provides the first report of a silicon- and iron-containing protein, and its 3D structure may allow us (1) to study the potential mechanism through the signal transduction is controlled by switching the electronic transfer on or off and (2) to develop a new type of conductor or even semiconductor using biological or half-biological hybrid materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jung Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Photonics & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, ROC
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26
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New insights into pre-BCR and BCR signalling with relevance to B cell malignancies. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:578-91. [DOI: 10.1038/nri3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Rathmanner N, Haigl B, Vanas V, Doriguzzi A, Gsur A, Sutterlüty-Fall H. Sprouty2 but not Sprouty4 is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2597-605. [PMID: 23831057 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As negative regulators of receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signalling, Sprouty proteins fulfil important roles during carcinogenesis. In this report, we demonstrate that Sprouty2 protein expression inhibits cell proliferation and migration in osteosarcoma-derived cells. Although earlier reports describe a tumour-promoting function, these results indicate that Sprouty proteins also have the potential to function as tumour suppressors in sarcoma. In contrast to Sprouty2, Sprouty4 expression failed to interfere with proliferation and migration of the osteosarcoma-derived cells, possibly due to a less pronounced interference with mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Sequences within the NH2-terminus are responsible for the specific inhibitory function of Sprouty2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rathmanner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Prediction of novel genes associated with negative regulators of toll-like receptors-induced inflammation based on endotoxin tolerance. Inflammation 2013; 35:1889-99. [PMID: 22843012 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Prior exposure of innate immune cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has caused them to be refractory to further endotoxin stimulation, also termed endotoxin tolerance (ET). Bacterial LPS signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, which was thought to enable the innate immune system to deal with invasive pathogens and to restrain systemic inflammation efficiently. We established a robust model of ET and determined the level of TNF-α and IL-6 in cultured human monocytes. Then, microarray assay was applied to assess gene expression in this model. The results showed that 356 non-tolerizable genes were differentially expressed at a high level in tolerant monocytes. The genes selected were classified into several categories based on gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway database. And then literature annotations, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and functional consistency were applied to analyze the non-tolerizable genes. Finally, the microarray results were verified by quantitative real-time PCR of seven representative genes, including the two candidate genes, Spry2 and Smurf2, which were supposed to play a critical role in TLRs-induced inflammation based on literature retrieval. Our results would provide useful information for further analysis of regulating TLRs-induced inflammation, and would facilitate the study of associated mechanisms.
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29
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Ur-Rehman S, Gao Q, Mitsopoulos C, Zvelebil M. ROCK: a resource for integrative breast cancer data analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:907-21. [PMID: 23756628 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the steady increase in breast cancer rates in both the developed and developing world, there has been a concerted research effort undertaken worldwide to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning the disease. The data generated from numerous clinical trials and experimental studies shed light on different aspects of the disease. We present a new version of the ROCK database (rock.icr.ac.uk), which integrates such diverse data types allowing unique analyses of published breast cancer experimental data. We have added several new data types and analysis modules to ROCK, which allow the user to interactively query and research the huge amounts of available experimental data and perform complex correlations across studies and data types such as gene expression, genomic copy number aberrations, micro RNA expression, RNA interference, survival analysis, clinical annotation and signalling protein networks. We present the recent and major functional updates and enhancements to the ROCK resource, including new analysis modules and microRNA and NGS data integration, and illustrate how ROCK can be used to confirm known experimental results as well as generate novel leads and new experimental hypotheses using the Wnt signalling cell surface receptor FZD7 and the Myc oncogene. ROCK provides a unique breast cancer analysis platform of integrated experimental datasets at the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic level. This paper presents how ROCK has transitioned from being simply a database to an interactive resource useful to the broader breast cancer research community in our effort to facilitate research into the underlying molecular mechanisms of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ur-Rehman
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
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30
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SPROUTY2 is a β-catenin and FOXO3a target gene indicative of poor prognosis in colon cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:1975-85. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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31
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Vecchio L, Seke Etet PF, Kipanyula MJ, Krampera M, Nwabo Kamdje AH. Importance of epigenetic changes in cancer etiology, pathogenesis, clinical profiling, and treatment: what can be learned from hematologic malignancies? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:90-104. [PMID: 23603458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations represent a key cancer hallmark, even in hematologic malignancies (HMs) or blood cancers, whose clinical features display a high inter-individual variability. Evidence accumulated in recent years indicates that inactivating DNA hypermethylation preferentially targets the subset of polycomb group (PcG) genes that are regulators of developmental processes. Conversely, activating DNA hypomethylation targets oncogenic signaling pathway genes, but outcomes of both events lead in the overexpression of oncogenic signaling pathways that contribute to the stem-like state of cancer cells. On the basis of recent evidence from population-based, clinical and experimental studies, we hypothesize that factors associated with risk for developing a HM, such as metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation, trigger epigenetic mechanisms to increase the transcriptional expression of oncogenes and activate oncogenic signaling pathways. Among others, signaling pathways associated with such risk factors include pro-inflammatory nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and mitogenic, growth, and survival Janus kinase (JAK) intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase-triggered pathways, which include signaling pathways such as transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), Ras GTPases/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and β-catenin pathways. Recent findings on epigenetic mechanisms at work in HMs and their importance in the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are herein summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the role of epigenetic processes in the determination of biological identity, the consequences for interindividual variability in disease clinical profile, and the potential of epigenetic drugs in HMs are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Vecchio
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Institute of Molecular Genetics, CNR, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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32
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Moghaddam SM, Amini A, Wei AQ, Pourgholami MH, Morris DL. Initial report on differential expression of sprouty proteins 1 and 2 in human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:373826. [PMID: 23251157 PMCID: PMC3517860 DOI: 10.1155/2012/373826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sprouty (Spry) proteins, modulators of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, have been shown to be deregulated in a variety of pathological conditions including cancer. In the present study we investigated the expression of Spry1 and Spry2 isoforms in a panel of human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. Our western blot analysis showed nonuniform patterns of Spry expression in the cancer cells, none of which conformed to the pattern observed in the normal ovarian epithelial cells employed as the control. Among the seven cancer cell lines studied, Spry1 was expressed lower in four cell lines and higher in one as compared with the control. As for Spry2, four cell lines showed lower and two exhibited higher expression. Results from RT-PCR assay raised the possibility that Spry protein levels may not necessarily correspond with its expression at mRNA level. Our immunostaining study revealed that Spry2 was predominantly distributed within the whole cytoplasm in vesicular structures whereas Spry1 was found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. This might provide clues to further investigation of Spry mode of action and/or function. Collectively, our study unveiled the differential expression of Spry1 and Spry2 proteins in various ovarian cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Masoumi Moghaddam
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Afshin Amini
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Ai-Qun Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. George Hospital, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourgholami
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - David Lawson Morris
- Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Collins S, Waickman A, Basson A, Kupfer A, Licht JD, Horton MR, Powell JD. Regulation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ effector responses by Sprouty-1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49801. [PMID: 23166773 PMCID: PMC3499516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TCR-induced NF-AT activation leads to the expression of both activating and inhibitory proteins. Previously, we had identified Egr-2 and Egr-3 as NF-AT-induced transcription factors which promote the inhibition of T cell activation. In this report we identify Sprouty1 as a downstream target of Egr-3. CD4+ T cells lacking Spry1 demonstrate enhanced proliferation and cytokine production. Likewise, Spry1Flox/Flox Lck Cre CD8+ T cells display increased cytolytic activity. Mechanistically, Spry1 acts at the level of PLC-γ promoting the inhibition of both Ca++ induced NF-AT activation and MAP-kinase induced AP-1 activation while sparing NF-κB signaling. In vivo, mice in which Spry1 is selectively deleted in T cells demonstrate enhanced responses to a tumor vaccine and subsequently reject tumors more robustly than Wt mice. These findings suggest that targeting Spry1 might prove to be a novel means of enhancing tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Collins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adam Waickman
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Albert Basson
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abraham Kupfer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Licht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maureen R. Horton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Powell
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Macià A, Gallel P, Vaquero M, Gou-Fabregas M, Santacana M, Maliszewska A, Robledo M, Gardiner JR, Basson MA, Matias-Guiu X, Encinas M. Sprouty1 is a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Oncogene 2012; 31:3961-72. [PMID: 22158037 PMCID: PMC3378485 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignancy derived from the calcitonin-producing C-cells of the thyroid gland. Oncogenic mutations of the Ret proto-oncogene are found in all heritable forms of MTC and roughly one half of the sporadic cases. However, several lines of evidence argue for the existence of additional genetic lesions necessary for the development of MTC. Sprouty (Spry) family of genes is composed of four members in mammals (Spry1-4). Some Spry family members have been proposed as candidate tumor-suppressor genes in a variety of cancerous pathologies. In this work, we show that targeted deletion of Spry1 causes C-cell hyperplasia, a precancerous lesion preceding MTC, in young adult mice. Expression of Spry1 restrains proliferation of the MTC-derived cell line, TT. Finally, we found that the Spry1 promoter is frequently methylated in MTC and that Spry1 expression is consequently decreased. These findings identify Spry1 as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in MTC.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/genetics
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Sequence Deletion
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Macià
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pilar Gallel
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Vaquero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Myriam Gou-Fabregas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Maliszewska
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M. Albert Basson
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King’s College London, UK
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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35
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Abstract
Sprouty proteins are established modifiers of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling and play important roles in vasculogenesis, bone morphogenesis, and renal uteric branching. Little is understood, however, concerning possible roles for these molecular adaptors during hematopoiesis. Within erythroid lineage, Spry1 was observed to be selectively and highly expressed at CFU-e to erythroblast stages. In analyses of possible functional roles, an Mx1-Cre approach was applied to conditionally delete Spry1. At steady state, Spry1 deletion selectively perturbed erythroid development and led to reticulocytosis plus heightened splenic erythropoiesis. When challenged by hemolysis, Spry1-null mice exhibited worsened anemia and delayed recovery. During short-term marrow transplantation, Spry1-null donor marrow also failed to efficiently rescue the erythron. In each anemia model, however, hyperexpansion of erythroid progenitors was observed. Spry function depends on phosphorylation of a conserved N-terminal PY motif. Through an LC-MS/MS approach, Spry1 was discovered to be regulated via the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), with marked EPO-induced Spry1-PY53 phosphorylation observed. When EPOR signaling pathways were analyzed within Spry1-deficient erythroid progenitors, hyperactivation of not only Erk1,2 but also Jak2 was observed. Studies implicate Spry1 as a novel regulator of erythropoiesis during anemia, transducer of EPOR signals, and candidate suppressor of Jak2 activity.
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36
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Anderson K, Nordquist KA, Gao X, Hicks KC, Zhai B, Gygi SP, Patel TB. Regulation of cellular levels of Sprouty2 protein by prolyl hydroxylase domain and von Hippel-Lindau proteins. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42027-42036. [PMID: 22006925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.303222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouty (Spry) proteins modulate the actions of receptor tyrosine kinases during development and tumorigenesis. Decreases in cellular levels of Spry, especially Sprouty2 (Spry2), have been implicated in the growth and progression of tumors of the breast, prostate, lung, and liver. During development and tumor growth, cells experience hypoxia. Therefore, we investigated how hypoxia modulates the levels of Spry proteins. Hypoxia elevated the levels of all four expressed Spry isoforms in HeLa cells. Amounts of endogenous Spry2 in LS147T and HEP3B cells were also elevated by hypoxia. Using Spry2 as a prototype, we demonstrate that silencing and expression of prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD1-3) increase and decrease, respectively, the cellular content of Spry2. Spry2 also preferentially interacted with PHD1-3 and von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) during normoxia but not in hypoxia. Additionally, Spry2 is hydroxylated on Pro residues 18, 144, and 160, and substitution of these residues with Ala enhanced stability of Spry2 and abrogated its interactions with pVHL. Silencing of pVHL increased levels of Spry2 by decreasing its ubiquitylation and degradation and thereby augmented the ability of Spry2 to inhibit FGF-elicited activation of ERK1/2. Thus, prolyl hydroxylase mediated hydroxylation and subsequent pVHL-elicited ubiquitylation of Spry2 target it for degradation and, consequently, provide a novel mechanism of regulating growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Anderson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Kyle A Nordquist
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153; Institute of Signal Transduction, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Xianlong Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153; Institute of Signal Transduction, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Kristin C Hicks
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Bo Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Tarun B Patel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153; Institute of Signal Transduction, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153.
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Jung JE, Moon SH, Kim DK, Choi C, Song J, Park KS. Sprouty1 regulates neural and endothelial differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:554-61. [PMID: 21595564 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is implicated in the control of pluripotency and lineage differentiation of both human and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). FGF4 dependent stimulation of ERK1/2 signaling triggers transition of pluripotent ESCs from self-renewal and lineage commitment. In this study, Sprouty 1 (Spry1) expression was observed in undifferentiated mESCs, where it modulated ERK1/2 activity. Spry1 was confirmed as dispensable for the maintenance of self-renewal. However, suppression of Spry1 expression and subsequent activation of ERK1/2 signaling promoted neural differentiation and inhibited endothelial differentiation of mESCs. Moreover, evidence is presented which indicates that SHP2, a major determinant of balance between mESC self-renewal and differentiation, directly regulates Spry1 activity to modulate ERK1/2 signaling and lineage-specific differentiation in mESCs. Our results show that Spry1 has an essential role in the lineage specific differentiation of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Eun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Heinzle C, Sutterlüty H, Grusch M, Grasl-Kraupp B, Berger W, Marian B. Targeting fibroblast-growth-factor-receptor-dependent signaling for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:829-46. [PMID: 21375471 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.566217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) exert a combination of biological effects that contribute to four of the six essential hallmarks of cancer. It is no surprise that FGF-dependent signaling has increasingly moved to the center of cancer therapy research during the past decade. This is illustrated by the large number of publications focusing on various aspects of this theme that have been published in the past 5 years. AREAS COVERED Information from these sources as well as ongoing work from the authors' groups is used to outline the physiological functions of FGF signaling and to highlight how the high oncogenic effects of deregulated FGFs and FGFRs derive from their physiological functions. The biological effect of deregulated FGFR signaling in malignant diseases is described and the current state of therapeutic targeting of FGFR is summarized. EXPERT OPINION Strategies for targeting FGFR-signaling for cancer therapy are very promising, but need to be carefully developed based on the physiological roles of FGF signaling. Preventive measures may be necessary for protection from FGF-related side effects. Combined targeting of several receptor tyrosine kinases or combination with other therapies may be a useful way of avoiding or ameliorating side effects. FGF-related markers of prognosis and therapy response still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Heinzle
- Medical University Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine 1, Vienna,Austria
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Murphy T, Hori S, Sewell J, Gnanapragasam VJ. Expression and functional role of negative signalling regulators in tumour development and progression. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2491-9. [PMID: 20607827 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in intracellular signalling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key common mechanisms of tumour development and progression. As such, there has been intense research into developing drugs that can inhibit or attenuate intracellular signalling. In recent years, there has been increasing recognition that the cell already has innate negative regulatory proteins that achieve this in normal homeostasis. These regulators provide a feedback inhibitory mechanism that controls the intensity and duration of activated signalling by exogenous stimuli. Members of this group include Raf kinase inhibitor protein 1, the MAPK phosphatases, the SPROUTY and SPRED families and similar expression to FGF. A number of studies have now demonstrated significant alterations in expression of negative regulators in malignant tissue in different cancer types. In functional studies, manipulated expression of these regulators has been shown to significantly influence tumour cell behaviour and phenotype. Here, we summarise the evidence for the functional expression of negative signalling regulators in tumour growth and progression and discuss their potential role as cancer biomarkers and targets for novel drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Murphy
- Hutchison MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Chen H, Kluz T, Zhang R, Costa M. Hypoxia and nickel inhibit histone demethylase JMJD1A and repress Spry2 expression in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:2136-44. [PMID: 20881000 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes commonly occurs in human cancers via increasing DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications at gene promoters. However, little is known about how pathogenic environmental factors contribute to cancer development by affecting epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Previously, we reported that both hypoxia and nickel (an environmental carcinogen) increased global histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in cells through inhibiting a novel class of iron- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent histone demethylases. Here, we investigated whether inhibition of histone demethylase JMJD1A by hypoxia and nickel could lead to repression/silencing of JMJD1A-targeted gene(s). By using Affymetrix GeneChip and ChIP-on-chip technologies, we identified Spry2 gene, a key regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, as one of the JMJD1A-targeted genes in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Both hypoxia and nickel exposure increased the level of H3K9me2 at the Spry2 promoter by inhibiting JMJD1A, which probably led to a decreased expression of Spry2 in BEAS-2B cells. Repression of Spry2 potentiated the nickel-induced ERK phosphorylation, and forced expression of Spry2 in BEAS-2B cells decreased the nickel-induced ERK phosphorylation and significantly suppressed nickel-induced anchorage-independent growth. Taken together, our results suggest that histone demethylases could be targets of environmental carcinogens and their inhibition may lead to altered gene expression and eventually carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University of School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Chitra E, Lin YW, Davamani F, Hsiao KN, Sia C, Hsieh SY, Wei OL, Chen JH, Chow YH. Functional interaction between Env oncogene from Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and tumor suppressor Sprouty2. Retrovirology 2010; 7:62. [PMID: 20678191 PMCID: PMC2922082 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is a type D retrovirus capable of transforming target cells in vitro and in vivo. The Envelope (Env) gene from JSRV and from related retroviruses can induce oncogenic transformation, although the detailed mechanism is yet to be clearly understood. Host cell factors are envisaged to play a critical determining role in the regulation of Env-mediated cell transformation. Results JSRV Env-mediated transformation of a lung adenocarcinoma cell line induced rapid proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation, but completely abrogated the migration ability. An analysis of the signaling scenario in the transformed cells suggested the involvement of the ERK pathway regulated by Sprouty2 in cell migration, and the PI3K-Akt and STAT3 pathways in proliferation and anchorage-independence. On the other hand, in a normal lung epithelial cell line, Env-mediated transformation only decreased the migration potential while the other functions remained unaltered. We observed that Env induced the expression of a tumor suppressor, Sprouty2, suggesting a correlation between Env-effect and Sprouty2 expression. Overexpression of Sprouty2 per se not only decreased the migratory potential and tumor formation potential of the target cells but also made them resistant to subsequent Env-mediated transformation. On the other hand, over expression of the functional mutants of Sprouty2 had no inhibitory effect, confirming the role of Sprouty2 as a tumor suppressor. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that Env and Sprouty2 have a functional relationship, probably through shared signaling network. Sprouty2 functions as a tumor suppressor regulating oncogenic transformation of cells, and it therefore has the potential to be exploited as a therapeutic anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Chitra
- Vaccine R&D Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
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Barbáchano A, Ordóñez-Morán P, García JM, Sánchez A, Pereira F, Larriba MJ, Martínez N, Hernández J, Landolfi S, Bonilla F, Pálmer HG, Rojas JM, Muñoz A. SPROUTY-2 and E-cadherin regulate reciprocally and dictate colon cancer cell tumourigenicity. Oncogene 2010; 29:4800-13. [PMID: 20543868 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SPROUTY-2 (SPRY2) regulates receptor tyrosine kinase signalling and therefore cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we show that SPRY2 expression in colon cancer cells is inhibited by the active vitamin D metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) through E-cadherin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In turn, SPRY2 represses both basal and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced E-cadherin expression. In line with this, SPRY2 induces ZEB1 RNA and protein, but not that of other epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducers that repress the CDH1/E-cadherin promoter. Consistently, SPRY2 and E-cadherin protein levels inversely correlate in colon cancer cell lines and xenografted tumours. Moreover, SPRY2 knockdown by small hairpin RNA increases CDH1/E-cadherin expression and, reciprocally, CDH1/E-cadherin knockdown increases that of SPRY2. In colon cancer patients, SPRY2 is upregulated in undifferentiated high-grade tumours and at the invasive front of low-grade carcinomas. Quantification of protein expression in 34 tumours confirmed an inverse correlation between SPRY2 and E-cadherin. Our data demonstrate a tumourigenic action of SPRY2 that is based on the repression of E-cadherin, probably by the induction of ZEB1, and a reciprocal regulation of SPRY2 and E-cadherin that dictates cell phenotype. We propose SPRY2 as a candidate novel marker for high-grade tumours and a target of therapeutic intervention in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbáchano
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The transcription factor KLF4 may act both as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor in a tissue-depending manner. In T- and pre-B-cell lymphoma, KLF4 was found to act as tumor suppressor. We found the KLF4 promoter methylated in B-cell lymphoma cell lines and in primary cases of B-cell lymphomas, namely, follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cases. Promoter hypermethylation was associated with silencing of KLF4 expression. Conditional overexpression of KLF4 in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines moderately retarded proliferation, via cell-cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1). In the cHL cell lines, KLF4 induced massive cell death that could partially be inhibited with Z-VAD.fmk. A quantitative reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction array revealed KLF4 target genes, including the proapoptotic gene BAK1. Using an shRNA-mediated knock-down approach, we found that BAK1 is largely responsible for KLF4-induced apoptosis. In addition, we found that KLF4 negatively regulates CXCL10, CD86, and MSC/ABF-1 genes. These genes are specifically up-regulated in HRS cells of cHL and known to be involved in establishing the cHL phenotype. We conclude that epigenetic silencing of KLF4 in B-cell lymphomas and particularly in cHL may favor lymphoma survival by loosening cell-cycle control and protecting from apoptosis.
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Lagerstedt KK, Kristiansson E, Lönnroth C, Andersson M, Iresjö BM, Gustafsson A, Hansson E, Kressner U, Nordgren S, Enlund F, Lundholm K. Genes with relevance for early to late progression of colon carcinoma based on combined genomic and transcriptomic information from the same patients. Cancer Inform 2010; 9:79-91. [PMID: 20467480 PMCID: PMC2867635 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s4545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer are numerous. However, it is difficult to judge whether such changes are primary or secondary to the appearance and progression of tumors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify altered DNA regions with significant covariation to transcription alterations along colon cancer progression. METHODS Tumor and normal colon tissue were obtained at primary operations from 24 patients selected by chance. DNA, RNA and microRNAs were extracted from the same biopsy material in all individuals and analyzed by oligo-nucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), mRNA- and microRNA oligo-arrays. Statistical analyses were performed to assess statistical interactions (correlations, co-variations) between DNA copy number changes and significant alterations in gene and microRNA expression using appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistics. RESULTS Main DNA alterations were located on chromosome 7, 8, 13 and 20. Tumor DNA copy number gain increased with tumor progression, significantly related to increased gene expression. Copy number loss was not observed in Dukes A tumors. There was no significant relationship between expressed genes and tumor progression across Dukes A-D tumors; and no relationship between tumor stage and the number of microRNAs with significantly altered expression. Interaction analyses identified overall 41 genes, which discriminated early Dukes A plus B tumors from late Dukes C plus D tumor; 28 of these genes remained with correlations between genomic and transcriptomic alterations in Dukes C plus D tumors and 17 in Dukes D. One microRNA (microR-663) showed interactions with DNA alterations in all Dukes A-D tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our modeling confirms that colon cancer progression is related to genomic instability and altered gene expression. However, early invasive tumor growth seemed rather related to transcriptomic alterations, where changes in microRNA may be an early phenomenon, and less to DNA copy number changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K. Lagerstedt
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Lönnroth
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Gustafsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Kressner
- Department of Surgery, Uddevalla Hospital, Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Svante Nordgren
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Enlund
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gotenhburg, Sweden.
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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