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Marri L, Contini P, Ivaldi F, Schiavi C, Magnani O, Vassallo C, Guastalla A, Traversone N, Angelini C, Del Zotto G, De Maria A, De Palma R. Evaluation of Frequency of CMV Replication and Disease Complications Reveals New Cellular Defects and a Time Dependent Pattern in CVID Patients. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:142. [PMID: 38847943 PMCID: PMC11161436 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and failure of specific antibody production due to B-cell defects. However, studies have documented various T-cell abnormalities, potentially linked to viral complications. The frequency of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in CVID cohorts is poorly studied. To address this gap in knowledge, we set up an observational study with the objectives of identifying CVID patients with active viraemia (CMV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)), evaluating potential correlations with immunophenotypic characteristics, clinical outcome, and the dynamic progression of clinical phenotypes over time. METHODS 31 CVID patients were retrospectively analysed according to viraemia, clinical and immunologic characteristics. 21 patients with non CVID humoral immunodeficiency were also evaluated as control. RESULTS Active viral replication of CMV and/or EBV was observed in 25% of all patients. CMV replication was detected only in CVID patients (16%). CVID patients with active viral replication showed reduced HLA-DR+ NK counts when compared with CMV-DNA negative CVID patients. Viraemic patients had lower counts of LIN-DNAMbright and LIN-CD16+ inflammatory lymphoid precursors which correlated with NK-cell subsets. Analysis of the dynamic progression of CVID clinical phenotypes over time, showed that the initial infectious phenotype progressed to complicated phenotypes with time. All CMV viraemic patients had complicated disease. CONCLUSION Taken together, an impaired production of inflammatory precursors and NK activation is present in CVID patients with active viraemia. Since "Complicated" CVID occurs as a function of disease duration, there is need for an accurate evaluation of this aspect to improve classification and clinical management of CVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marri
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Ivaldi
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiavi
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ottavia Magnani
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vassallo
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Guastalla
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Noemi Traversone
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Institute for Applied Mathematics "Mauro Picone", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Genny Del Zotto
- Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Infections in Immunocompromised Host Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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2
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Santamorena MM, Tischer-Zimmermann S, Bonifacius A, Mireisz CNM, Costa B, Khan F, Kulkarni U, Lauruschkat CD, Sampaio KL, Stripecke R, Blasczyk R, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Kraus S, Schlosser A, Cicin-Sain L, Kalinke U, Eiz-Vesper B. Engineered HCMV-infected APCs enable the identification of new immunodominant HLA-restricted epitopes of anti-HCMV T-cell immunity. HLA 2024; 103:e15541. [PMID: 38923358 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Complications due to HCMV infection or reactivation remain a challenging clinical problem in immunocompromised patients, mainly due to insufficient or absent T-cell functionality. Knowledge of viral targets is crucial to improve monitoring of high-risk patients and optimise antiviral T-cell therapy. To expand the epitope spectrum, genetically-engineered dendritic cells (DCs) and fibroblasts were designed to secrete soluble (s)HLA-A*11:01 and infected with an HCMV mutant lacking immune evasion molecules (US2-6 + 11). More than 700 HLA-A*11:01-restricted epitopes, including more than 50 epitopes derived from a broad range of HCMV open-reading-frames (ORFs) were identified by mass spectrometry and screened for HLA-A*11:01-binding using established prediction tools. The immunogenicity of the 24 highest scoring new candidates was evaluated in vitro in healthy HLA-A*11:01+/HCMV+ donors. Thus, four subdominant epitopes and one immunodominant epitope, derived from the anti-apoptotic protein UL36 and ORFL101C (A11SAL), were identified. Their HLA-A*11:01 complex stability was verified in vitro. In depth analyses revealed highly proliferative and cytotoxic memory T-cell responses against A11SAL, with T-cell responses comparable to the immunodominant HLA-A*02:01-restricted HCMVpp65NLV epitope. A11SAL-specific T cells were also detectable in vivo in immunosuppressed transplant patients and shown to be effective in an in vitro HCMV-infection model, suggesting their crucial role in inhibiting viral replication and improvement of patient's outcome. The developed in vitro pipeline is the first to utilise genetically-engineered DCs to identify naturally presented immunodominant HCMV-derived epitopes. It therefore offers advantages over in silico predictions, is transferable to other HLA alleles, and will significantly expand the repertoire of viral targets to improve therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michela Santamorena
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnes Bonifacius
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chiara Noemi-Marie Mireisz
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bibiana Costa
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fawad Khan
- Immune Ageing and Chronic Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Upasana Kulkarni
- Immune Ageing and Chronic Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Renata Stripecke
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Translational Immuno-oncology, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infections Research (DZIF) Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infections Research (DZIF) Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kraus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Immune Ageing and Chronic Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
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3
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Ravichandran S, Erra-Diaz F, Karakaslar OE, Marches R, Kenyon-Pesce L, Rossi R, Chaussabel D, Nehar-Belaid D, LaFon DC, Pascual V, Palucka K, Paust S, Nahm MH, Kuchel GA, Banchereau J, Ucar D. Distinct baseline immune characteristics associated with responses to conjugated and unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:316-329. [PMID: 38182669 PMCID: PMC10834365 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections cause serious illness and death among older adults. The capsular polysaccharide vaccine PPSV23 and conjugated alternative PCV13 can prevent these infections; yet, underlying immunological responses and baseline predictors remain unknown. We vaccinated 39 older adults (>60 years) with PPSV23 or PCV13 and observed comparable antibody responses (day 28) and plasmablast transcriptional responses (day 10); however, the baseline predictors were distinct. Analyses of baseline flow cytometry and bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data revealed a baseline phenotype specifically associated with weaker PCV13 responses, which was characterized by increased expression of cytotoxicity-associated genes, increased frequencies of CD16+ natural killer cells and interleukin-17-producing helper T cells and a decreased frequency of type 1 helper T cells. Men displayed this phenotype more robustly and mounted weaker PCV13 responses than women. Baseline expression levels of a distinct gene set predicted PPSV23 responses. This pneumococcal precision vaccinology study in older adults uncovered distinct baseline predictors that might transform vaccination strategies and initiate novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Erra-Diaz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Onur E Karakaslar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Radu Marches
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lisa Kenyon-Pesce
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Robert Rossi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | - David C LaFon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Silke Paust
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Moon H Nahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Immunoledge LLC, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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4
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French AR, Cron RQ, Cooper MA. Immunology of Cytokine Storm Syndromes: Natural Killer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1448:145-159. [PMID: 39117813 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that rapidly produce cytokines upon activation and kill target cells. NK cells have been of particular interest in primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) since all of the genetic defects associated with this disorder cause diminished cytotoxic capacity of NK cells and T lymphocytes, and assays of NK cell killing are used clinically for the diagnosis of HLH. Herein, we review human NK cell biology and the significance of alterations in NK cell function in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R French
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randy Q Cron
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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5
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Momayyezi P, Bilev E, Ljunggren HG, Hammer Q. Viral escape from NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance: A lesson for cancer immunotherapy? Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350465. [PMID: 37526136 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that participate in immune responses against virus-infected cells and tumors. As a countermeasure, viruses and tumors employ strategies to evade NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. In this review, we examine immune evasion strategies employed by viruses, focusing on examples from human CMV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We explore selected viral evasion mechanisms categorized into three classes: (1) providing ligands for the inhibitory receptor NKG2A, (2) downregulating ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D, and (3) inducing the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. For each class, we draw parallels between immune evasion by viruses and tumors, reviewing potential opportunities for overcoming evasion in cancer therapy. We suggest that in-depth investigations of host-pathogen interactions between viruses and NK cells will not only deepen our understanding of viral immune evasion but also shed light on how NK cells counter such evasion attempts. Thus, due to the parallels of immune evasion by viruses and tumors, we propose that insights gained from antiviral NK-cell responses may serve as valuable lessons that can be leveraged for designing future cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Momayyezi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleni Bilev
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Orofino G, Xue E, Doglio M, Noviello M, Tassi E, Cristante M, Acerbis A, Clerici D, Farina F, Campodonico E, Bruno A, Piemontese S, Mastaglio S, Diral E, Milani R, Ruggeri A, Corti C, Vago L, Bonini C, Peccatori J, Ciceri F, Lupo Stanghellini MT, Greco R. Dynamics of polyclonal immuno-reconstitution after allogeneic transplant with post-transplant cyclophosphamide and letermovir. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:1104-1111. [PMID: 37468541 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivations are strong stimulators of immune-reconstitution (IR) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Herein, we analyzed 317 CMV-seropositive consecutive patients (n = 109 letermovir, LTV; n = 208 no-LTV), undergoing HSCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and calcineurin inhibitor- (CNI) free graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. At day+90, median CD19+/mm3 was higher in LTV-cohort: 5.5 [0;439] versus 2 [0;294], p = 0.008; median CD3+/mm3 counts were lower in LTV-cohort, with no differences in CD4+, CD8+ and NK-cells. At day+180 median CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+/mm3 values were comparable between groups. Higher CD19+/mm3 counts were observed in LTV-cohort: 62 [0; 2983] versus 42 [0; 863]. Significantly higher median NK/mm3 values were seen in LTV-cohort: 225.5 [0;763] versus 163.5 [0;1181], p = 0.0003. The impact of LTV on B-cell IR at 3 months and NK-cell levels at 6 months was retained in multivariate analysis (p < 0.01), whereas the effect on T-cells was not confirmed. Moreover, we confirmed a significant reduction of clinically-relevant CMV, and moderate-to- severe chronic GvHD in LTV-cohort. Overall, in our study the use of LTV was associated with a slight improvement of B-cell and NK-cells reconstitution, with only minor impact on T-cell subsets, giving new insights on polyclonal IR for HSCT recipients in the LTV era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Orofino
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Xue
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Doglio
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Cell Therapy Immunomonitoring Laboratory (MITiCi), Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Tassi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Cell Therapy Immunomonitoring Laboratory (MITiCi), Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Acerbis
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Clerici
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Farina
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Campodonico
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruno
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Piemontese
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Mastaglio
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Diral
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Milani
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Consuelo Corti
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Cell Therapy Immunomonitoring Laboratory (MITiCi), Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Peccatori
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Raffaella Greco
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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Bordignon MB, Pesce Viglietti AI, Juliá EP, Sanchez MB, Rölle A, Mandó P, Sabatini L, Ostinelli A, Rizzo MM, Barrio MM, Mordoh J, Fainboim L, Levy EM. Phenotypic and functional analysis in HER2+ targeted therapy of human NK cell subpopulation according to the expression of FcεRIγ and NKG2C in breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2687-2700. [PMID: 37081323 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive NK cells constitute an NK cell subpopulation, which expands after human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. This subpopulation has stronger production of cytokines after CD16 stimulation, longer life and persistence than conventional NK cells and are, therefore, interesting tools for cancer immunotherapy. Since there is limited information on adaptive NK cells in cancer patients, we described this population phenotypically and functionally, by flow cytometry, in the context of HER2 + breast cancer (BC) directed therapy. We assessed HCMV status in 78 patients with BC. We found that, similarly to healthy donors (HD), a high proportion of BC patients were HCMV-positive, and nearly 72% of them had an adaptive NK cell subpopulation characterized by the loss of FcεRIγ intracellular adaptor protein or the presence of NKG2C receptor. However, in BC patients, FcεRIγ- and NKG2C + NK cell populations overlapped to a lesser extent than in HD. Otherwise, no profound phenotypic differences were found between BC patients and HD. Although FcεRIγ- or NKG2C + NK cell subsets from BC patients produced more IFN-γ than their FcεRIγ + or NKG2C- NK cell counterparts, IFN-γ production increased only when NK cells simultaneously expressed FcεRIγ- and NKG2C + , whereas in HD the presence of NKG2C marker was sufficient to display greater functionality. Furthermore, in a group of patients treated with chemotherapy and Trastuzumab plus Pertuzumab, FcεRIγ-NKG2C + and FcεRIγ-NKG2C- NK cells retained greater functionality after treatment than FcεRIγ + NKG2C- NK cells. These results suggest that the presence or magnitude of adaptive NK cell subsets might serve as a key determinant for therapeutic approaches based on antibodies directed against tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Bordignon
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén I Pesce Viglietti
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía P Juliá
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Mandó
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sabatini
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexis Ostinelli
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manglio M Rizzo
- Cancer Immunobiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Argentina
| | - María M Barrio
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas. Fundación Instituto Leloir, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Fainboim
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenética, INIGEM, CONICET-UBA, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estrella M Levy
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Shang QN, Yu XX, Xu ZL, Chen YH, Han TT, Zhang YY, Lv M, Sun YQ, Wang Y, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Zhao XY, Huang XJ. Expanded clinical-grade NK cells exhibit stronger effects than primary NK cells against HCMV infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:895-907. [PMID: 37291236 PMCID: PMC10387476 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation remains a common complication and leads to high mortality in patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Early natural killer (NK) cell reconstitution may protect against the development of human CMV (HCMV) infection post-HSCT. Our previous data showed that ex vivo mbIL21/4-1BBL-expanded NK cells exhibited high cytotoxicity against leukemia cells. Nevertheless, whether expanded NK cells have stronger anti-HCMV function is unknown. Herein, we compared the anti-HCMV functions of ex vivo expanded NK cells and primary NK cells. Expanded NK cells showed higher expression of activating receptors, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules; stronger cytotoxicity against HCMV-infected fibroblasts; and better inhibition of HCMV propagation in vitro than primary NK cells. In HCMV-infected humanized mice, expanded NK cell infusion resulted in higher NK cell persistence and more effective tissue HCMV elimination than primary NK cell infusion. A clinical cohort of 20 post-HSCT patients who underwent adoptive NK cell infusion had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of HCMV infection (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32-0.93, p = 0.042) and refractory HCMV infection (HR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.18-0.65, p = 0.009) than controls and better NK cell reconstitution on day 30 post NK cell infusion. In conclusion, expanded NK cells exhibit stronger effects than primary NK cells against HCMV infection both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Shang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Xing Yu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Li Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qian Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Purcell RA, Theisen RM, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Selva KJ. Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183727. [PMID: 37600816 PMCID: PMC10433199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy determined within the controlled environment of a clinical trial is usually substantially greater than real-world vaccine effectiveness. Typically, this results from reduced protection of immunologically vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly individuals and people with chronic comorbidities. Consequently, these high-risk groups are frequently recommended tailored immunisation schedules to boost responses. In addition, diverse groups of healthy adults may also be variably protected by the same vaccine regimen. Current population-based vaccination strategies that consider basic clinical parameters offer a glimpse into what may be achievable if more nuanced aspects of the immune response are considered in vaccine design. To date, vaccine development has been largely empirical. However, next-generation approaches require more rational strategies. We foresee a generation of precision vaccines that consider the mechanistic basis of vaccine response variations associated with both immunogenetic and baseline health differences. Recent efforts have highlighted the importance of balanced and diverse extra-neutralising antibody functions for vaccine-induced protection. However, in immunologically vulnerable populations, significant modulation of polyfunctional antibody responses that mediate both neutralisation and effector functions has been observed. Here, we review the current understanding of key genetic and inflammatory modulators of antibody polyfunctionality that affect vaccination outcomes and consider how this knowledge may be harnessed to tailor vaccine design for improved public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M. Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Ravichandran S, Erra-Diaz F, Karakaslar OE, Marches R, Kenyon-Pesce L, Rossi R, Chaussabel D, Pascual V, Palucka K, Paust S, Nahm MH, Kuchel GA, Banchereau J, Ucar D. Distinct baseline immune characteristics associated with responses to conjugated and unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.16.23288531. [PMID: 37131707 PMCID: PMC10153339 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.16.23288531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections cause serious illness and death among older adults. A capsular polysaccharide vaccine PPSV23 (Pneumovax®) and a conjugated polysaccharide vaccine PCV13 (Prevnar®) are used to prevent these infections, yet underlying responses, and baseline predictors remain unknown. We recruited and vaccinated 39 older adults (>60 years) with PPSV23 or PCV13. Both vaccines induced strong antibody responses at day 28 and similar plasmablast transcriptional signatures at day 10, however, their baseline predictors were distinct. Analyses of baseline flow cytometry and RNA-seq data (bulk and single cell) revealed a novel baseline phenotype that is specifically associated with weaker PCV13 responses, characterized by i) increased expression of cytotoxicity-associated genes and increased CD16+ NK frequency; ii) increased Th17 and decreased Th1 cell frequency. Men were more likely to display this cytotoxic phenotype and mounted weaker responses to PCV13 than women. Baseline expression levels of a distinct gene set was predictive of PPSV23 responses. This first precision vaccinology study for pneumococcal vaccine responses of older adults uncovered novel and distinct baseline predictors that might transform vaccination strategies and initiate novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Erra-Diaz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina #Current Address
| | - Onur E Karakaslar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands #Current Address
| | - Radu Marches
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lisa Kenyon-Pesce
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert Rossi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Pediatrics, NY, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Moon H Nahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Immunai, New York, NY, USA, #Current Address
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
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11
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Semmes EC, Permar SR. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Primes Fetal Natural Killer Cells for Fc-Mediated Antiviral Defense. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:739-741. [PMID: 35876548 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Semmes
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
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12
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Siemaszko J, Marzec-Przyszlak A, Bogunia-Kubik K. Activating NKG2C Receptor: Functional Characteristics and Current Strategies in Clinical Applications. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:9. [PMID: 36899273 PMCID: PMC10004456 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The interest in NK cells and their cytotoxic activity against tumour, infected or transformed cells continuously increases as they become a new efficient and off-the-shelf agents in immunotherapies. Their actions are balanced by a wide set of activating and inhibitory receptors, recognizing their complementary ligands on target cells. One of the most studied receptors is the activating CD94/NKG2C molecule, which is a member of the C-type lectin-like family. This review is intended to summarise latest research findings on the clinical relevance of NKG2C receptor and to examine its contribution to current and potential therapeutic strategies. It outlines functional characteristics and molecular features of CD94/NKG2C, its interactions with HLA-E molecule and presented antigens, pointing out a key role of this receptor in immunosurveillance, especially in the human cytomegalovirus infection. Additionally, the authors attempt to shed some light on receptor's unique interaction with its ligand which is shared with another receptor (CD94/NKG2A) with rather opposite properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Siemaszko
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marzec-Przyszlak
- Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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13
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Anderko RR, Mailliard RB. Mapping the interplay between NK cells and HIV: therapeutic implications. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:109-138. [PMID: 36822173 PMCID: PMC10043732 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although highly effective at durably suppressing plasma HIV-1 viremia, combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment regimens do not eradicate the virus, which persists in long-lived CD4+ T cells. This latent viral reservoir serves as a source of plasma viral rebound following treatment interruption, thus requiring lifelong adherence to ART. Additionally, challenges remain related not only to access to therapy but also to a higher prevalence of comorbidities with an inflammatory etiology in treated HIV-1+ individuals, underscoring the need to explore therapeutic alternatives that achieve sustained virologic remission in the absence of ART. Natural killer (NK) cells are uniquely positioned to positively impact antiviral immunity, in part due to the pleiotropic nature of their effector functions, including the acquisition of memory-like features, and, therefore, hold great promise for transforming HIV-1 therapeutic modalities. In addition to defining the ability of NK cells to contribute to HIV-1 control, this review provides a basic immunologic understanding of the impact of HIV-1 infection and ART on the phenotypic and functional character of NK cells. We further delineate the qualities of "memory" NK cell populations, as well as the impact of HCMV on their induction and subsequent expansion in HIV-1 infection. We conclude by highlighting promising avenues for optimizing NK cell responses to improve HIV-1 control and effect a functional cure, including blockade of inhibitory NK receptors, TLR agonists to promote latency reversal and NK cell activation, CAR NK cells, BiKEs/TriKEs, and the role of HIV-1-specific bNAbs in NK cell-mediated ADCC activity against HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee R. Anderko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Robbie B. Mailliard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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14
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López-Botet M, De Maria A, Muntasell A, Della Chiesa M, Vilches C. Adaptive NK cell response to human cytomegalovirus: Facts and open issues. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101706. [PMID: 36542944 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection exerts broad effects on the immune system. These include the differentiation and persistent expansion of a mature NK cell subset which displays a characteristic phenotypic and functional profile hallmarked by expression of the HLA-E-specific CD94/NKG2C activating receptor. Based on our experience and recent advances in the field, we overview the adaptive features of the NKG2C+ NK cell response, discussing observations and open questions on: (a) the mechanisms and influence of viral and host factors; (b) the existence of other NKG2C- NK cell subsets sharing adaptive features; (c) the development and role of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells in the response to HCMV in hematopoietic and solid organ transplant patients; (d) their relation with other viral infections, mainly HIV-1; and (e) current perspectives for their use in adoptive immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM). Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences. Univ. Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM). Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERonc), Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Soleimanian S, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Geramizadeh B, Roozbeh J. Altered Signatures of Plasma Inflammatory Proteins and Phonotypic Markers of NK Cells in Kidney Transplant Patients upon CMV Reactivation. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:9. [PMID: 36445486 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation remains a common opportunistic infection with a prominent role in immune reconstitution in organ transplant recipients. CMVs as important drivers of natural killer (NK) cell differentiation has been indicated to prompt several phenotypic and functional alteration in these cells. We aimed to monitor the reconstitution of NK cells and change the signature of inflammatory proteins at the critical phase of CMV reactivation over six months after kidney transplantation. The present study indicated that CMV reactivation is associated with the development of IL-6, IL-10, and cytotoxic granules, including granzyme-B and granulysin, and the drop in the frequency of CD16 + NKG2A-CD57 + NK cell subset in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with reactivation versus non- reactivated ones. Our findings describe distinct immune signatures that emerged with CMV reactivation after kidney transplantation, which may be helpful in the timely management of CMV infection in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Soleimanian
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Hu X, Wang HY, Otero CE, Jenks JA, Permar SR. Lessons from Acquired Natural Immunity and Clinical Trials to Inform Next-Generation Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Development. Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:491-520. [PMID: 35704747 PMCID: PMC10154983 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-100220-010653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, the most common cause of congenital disease globally, affecting an estimated 1 million newborns annually, can result in lifelong sequelae in infants, such as sensorineural hearing loss and brain damage. HCMV infection also leads to a significant disease burden in immunocompromised individuals. Hence, an effective HCMV vaccine is urgently needed to prevent infection and HCMV-associated diseases. Unfortunately, despite more than five decades of vaccine development, no successful HCMV vaccine is available. This review summarizes what we have learned from acquired natural immunity, including innate and adaptive immunity; the successes and failures of HCMV vaccine human clinical trials; the progress in related animal models; and the analysis of protective immune responses during natural infection and vaccination settings. Finally, we propose novel vaccine strategies that will harness the knowledge of protective immunity and employ new technology and vaccine concepts to inform next-generation HCMV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E Otero
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
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17
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Yu XX, Shang QN, Liu XF, He M, Pei XY, Mo XD, Lv M, Han TT, Huo MR, Zhao X, Chang YJ, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Xu LP, Liu KY, Zhao X, Huang X. Donor NKG2C homozygosity contributes to CMV clearance after haploidentical transplantation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:149120. [PMID: 34990406 PMCID: PMC8855817 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Several investigators have reported that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells persistently expand during CMV reactivation. In our study, two cohorts were enrolled to explored the relationships among the NKG2C genotype, NKG2C+ NK cell reconstitution, and CMV infection. Multivariate analysis showed that donor NKG2C gene deletion was an independent prognostic factor for CMV reactivation and refractory CMV reactivation. Furthermore, the quantitative, qualitative reconstitution and anti-CMV function of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells after transplantation was significantly lower in patients grafted with NKG2Cwt/del donor cells than in those grafted with NKG2Cwt/wt donor cells. The quantitative reconstitution of NKG2C+ NK cells at day 30 after transplantation was significantly lower in patients with treatment-refractory CMV reactivation than in those in the no-CMV-reactivation and CMV-reactivation groups. In humanized CMV-infected mice, we found that compared with those from NKG2Cwt/del donors, adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells from NKG2Cwt/wt donors induced earlier and stronger expansion of NKG2C+ NK cells and earlier and stronger CMV clearance in vivo. In conclusion, donor NKG2C homozygosity contributes to CMV clearance by promoting the quantitative and qualitative reconstruction of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells after haploidentical allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Yu
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Nan Shang
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei He
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Ying Pei
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Mo
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Han
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rui Huo
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosu Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking Unversity People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking Unversity People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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de Melo Silva J, Pinheiro-Silva R, Costa de Oliveira R, de Castro Alves CE, Barbosa AN, Pontes GS. Prevalence and Recurrence Rates of Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Patients With Hematological Diseases in the Western Brazilian Amazon: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:692226. [PMID: 34692617 PMCID: PMC8529106 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.692226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a worldwide distributed pathogen that may cause serious complications in patients with hematological diseases. This study aimed to serologically characterize CMV infection in patients suffering from hematological diseases in Amazonas state, Brazil. Serum samples from 323 patients were tested for the presence of anti-CMV IgM or IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive samples for IgM were submitted to the IgG avidity test to differentiate primary infection from recurrent infection. An epidemiological questionnaire was administered to collect the sociodemographic information of the study population. The overall prevalence of CMV infection verified in this study was 91.3%. The highest rates were found in patients suffering from platelet disorders (94.5%), anemia (93.3%), or leukemia (91%). The study population was predominantly composed of individuals with low socioeconomic status. Blood transfusions were more common in patients with anemia or leukemia, but this variable was not correlated with the seropositivity for CMV infection. Measurement of IgG avidity in patients positive for anti-CMV IgM demonstrated a recurrent infection rate of 5.2% (17/323). Over 80% of recurrent infections occurred in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or anemia. Our findings indicated that CMV infection is highly prevalent in patients from the western Brazilian Amazon who have hematological diseases. The prevalence observed progressively rose with increasing age, whereas anemia or ALL figured as risk factors for the recurrence of CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Melo Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Hematológicas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Renato Pinheiro-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Hematológicas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Hematológicas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Hematológicas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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19
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Soleimanian S, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Geramizadeh B, Roozbeh J, Hossein Aghdaie M, Heidari M. Circulating NKG2C + NK cell expressing CD107a/LAMP-1 subsets at the onset of CMV reactivation in seropositive kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2021; 69:101460. [PMID: 34492297 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection contributes to morbidity and mortality among kidney transplant recipients. Natural killer (NK) cells can battle against CMV in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study aimed to analyze the association between CMV reactivation and the proportion of NK cell subsets and their activity. In a cross-sectional study, ten CMV reactivated KTRs, and ten non- CMV reactivated ones were recruited. Ten matched healthy controls were also included in this cohort. The presence of anti-CMV-IgG Ab in both KTR subgroups from seronegative donors and healthy controls was determined. The frequency of distinct subsets of memory-like NK cells was analyzed through NKG2C, NKG2A, and CD57 using flow cytometry. The activity of NK cells was evaluated after stimulation via coculture with K562 cell line and then assessment of the frequency of CD107a and granzyme B. The mRNA levels of transcription factors, including T-bet, EAT, and inflammatory proteins, including IFN-γ and perforin contributing to NK cell activation, were also evaluated. Results showed a significantly lower frequency of NKG2C + NKG2A-CD57+ NK cell population in CMV-reactivated KTRs compared to non-reactivated ones (P-value:0.003). NKG2C+ NK cells expressing CD107a/LAMP-1 significantly was increased in CMV-reactivated KTRs compared to non-reactivated ones (P-value: 0.0002). The mRNA level of IFN-γ had a significant increase in the CMV-reactivated KTRs vs. nonreactive ones (P-value: 0.004). Finally, evaluation of the NK cells' cytotoxicity and activity through assessment of CD107a/LAMP-1 expression and IFN-γ secretion may be helpful for the identification of the risk of CMV reactivation in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Soleimanian
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mojdeh Heidari
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Janssen MJM, Bruns AHW, Verduyn Lunel FM, Raijmakers RAP, de Weijer RJ, Nanlohy NM, Smits GP, van Baarle D, Kuball J. Predictive factors for vaccine failure to guide vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:2922-2928. [PMID: 34417568 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is essential to protect high-risk patients against potentially lethal infections. Though multiple studies have evaluated vaccine specific responses, no comprehensive analysis of a complete vaccination schedule post-HSCT has been performed and little is known about predictors for vaccine failure. In this context, allogeneic HSCT (alloHSCT) patients were included and vaccinated starting one year post-transplantation. Antibody responses were measured by Multiplex Immuno Assay for pneumococcal (PCV13), meningococcal C, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and Haemophilus influenza type b one month after the last vaccination and correlated to clinical and immunological parameters. Vaccine failure was defined as antibody response above vaccine-specific cut-off values for less than four out of six vaccines. Ninety-six patients were included of which 27.1% was found to have vaccine failure. Only 40.6% of all patients responded adequately to all six vaccines. In multivariate analysis, viral reactivation post-HSCT (OR 6.53; P = 0.03), B-cells <135 per mm3 (OR 7.24; P = 0.00) and NK-cells <170 per mm3 (OR 11.06; P = 0.00) were identified as predictors for vaccine failure for vaccination at one year post-alloHSCT. Measurement of antibody responses and an individualized approach for revaccination guided by clinical status and immune reconstitution of B-cells and NK-cells may improve vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke H W Bruns
- Department of Infectious Diseases, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Nening M Nanlohy
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gaby P Smits
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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21
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Licensing Natural Killers for Antiviral Immunity. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070908. [PMID: 34358058 PMCID: PMC8308748 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing receptors (IRs) enable discrimination between self- and non-self molecules on the surface of host target cells. In this regard, they have a vital role in self-tolerance through binding and activating intracellular tyrosine phosphatases which can inhibit cellular activation. Yet, self-MHC class I (MHC I)-specific IRs are versatile in that they can also positively impact lymphocyte functionality, as exemplified by their role in natural killer (NK) cell education, often referred to as ’licensing‘. Recent discoveries using defined mouse models of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have revealed that select self-MHC I IRs can increase NK cell antiviral defenses as well, whereas other licensing IRs cannot, or instead impede virus-specific NK responses for reasons that remain poorly understood. This review highlights a role for self-MHC I ‘licensing’ IRs in antiviral immunity, especially in the context of CMV infection, their impact on virus-specific NK cells during acute infection, and their potential to affect viral pathogenesis and disease.
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22
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Long X, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Wu M. Insight for Immunotherapy of HCMV Infection. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2899-2911. [PMID: 34345215 PMCID: PMC8326118 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous in humans, has a high prevalence rate. Young people are susceptible to HCMV infection in developing countries, while older individuals are more susceptible in developed countries. Most patients have no obvious symptoms from the primary infection. Studies have indicated that the virus has gradually adapted to the host immune system. Therefore, the control of HCMV infection requires strong immune modulation. With the recent advances in immunotherapy, its application to HCMV infections is receiving increasing attention. Here, we discuss the immune response to HCMV infection, the immune escape mechanism, and the different roles that HCMV plays in various types of immunotherapy, including vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, checkpoint blockade therapy, and targeted antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Long
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 , Hunan, China
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 , Hunan, China
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 , Hunan, China
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23
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Duygu B, Olieslagers TI, Groeneweg M, Voorter CEM, Wieten L. HLA Class I Molecules as Immune Checkpoints for NK Cell Alloreactivity and Anti-Viral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680480. [PMID: 34295330 PMCID: PMC8290519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can kill diseased- or virally-infected cells, mediate antibody dependent cytotoxicity and produce type I immune-associated cytokines upon activation. NK cells also contribute to the allo-immune response upon kidney transplantation either by promoting allograft rejection through lysis of cells of the transplanted organ or by promoting alloreactive T cells. In addition, they protect against viral infections upon transplantation which may be especially relevant in patients receiving high dose immune suppression. NK cell activation is tightly regulated through the integrated balance of signaling via inhibitory- and activating receptors. HLA class I molecules are critical regulators of NK cell activation through the interaction with inhibitory- as well as activating NK cell receptors, hence, HLA molecules act as critical immune checkpoints for NK cells. In the current review, we evaluate how NK cell alloreactivity and anti-viral immunity are regulated by NK cell receptors belonging to the KIR family and interacting with classical HLA class I molecules, or by NKG2A/C and LILRB1/KIR2DL4 engaging non-classical HLA-E or -G. In addition, we provide an overview of the methods to determine genetic variation in these receptors and their HLA ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Duygu
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Timo I Olieslagers
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Groeneweg
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christina E M Voorter
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that provide critical host defense against pathogens and cancer. Originally heralded for their early and rapid effector activity, NK cells have been recognized over the last decade for their ability to undergo adaptive immune processes, including antigen-driven clonal expansion and generation of long-lived memory. This review presents an overview of how NK cells lithely partake in both innate and adaptive responses and how this versatility is manifest in human NK cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Mujal
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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25
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Expansions of adaptive-like NK cells with a tissue-resident phenotype in human lung and blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016580118. [PMID: 33836578 PMCID: PMC7980282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016580118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death worldwide. However, the local immune cell composition in the human lung and individual outliers within the population still remain largely undescribed. We here identify adaptive-like NK cell expansions with tissue-resident traits in lung and blood in approximately 20% of individuals. This particular NK cell subset, which differed from adaptive-like CD16+ blood NK cells, was hyperresponsive to target cell stimulation. Individuals with such in vivo-primed, expanded NK cells will likely experience a different course of acute lung disease such as viral infections. Furthermore, we believe that target cell-hyperresponsive tissue-resident NK cells represent a future tool in the treatment of lung cancer. Human adaptive-like “memory” CD56dimCD16+ natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood from cytomegalovirus-seropositive individuals have been extensively investigated in recent years and are currently explored as a treatment strategy for hematological cancers. However, treatment of solid tumors remains limited due to insufficient NK cell tumor infiltration, and it is unknown whether large expansions of adaptive-like NK cells that are equipped for tissue residency and tumor homing exist in peripheral tissues. Here, we show that human lung and blood contains adaptive-like CD56brightCD16− NK cells with hallmarks of tissue residency, including expression of CD49a. Expansions of adaptive-like lung tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells were found to be present independently of adaptive-like CD56dimCD16+ NK cells and to be hyperresponsive toward target cells. Together, our data demonstrate that phenotypically, functionally, and developmentally distinct subsets of adaptive-like NK cells exist in human lung and blood. Given their tissue-related character and hyperresponsiveness, human lung adaptive-like trNK cells might represent a suitable alternative for therapies targeting solid tumors.
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26
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Vietzen H, Görzer I, Honsig C, Jaksch P, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-Specific Antibody Response and Development of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Against HCMV After Lung Transplantation. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:417-427. [PMID: 32157310 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). The impact of the host antibody (AB)-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) on HCMV is still unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the AB-response against HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) and the pentameric complex (PC) and the ADCC response in HCMV-seropositive (R+) LTRs and in seronegative recipients of positive organs (D+/R-). METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 35 R+ and 28 D+/R- LTRs for 1 (R+) or 2 (D+/R-) years posttransplantation and from 114 healthy control persons. The PC- and gB-specific ABs were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ADCC was analyzed by focal expansion assay and CD107 cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS In R+ LTRs, significantly higher gB-specific AB levels developed within 1 year posttransplantation than in controls (immunoglobulin [Ig]G1, P < .001; IgG3, P < .001). In addition, higher levels of ADCC were observed by FEA and CD107 assay in R+ patients compared with controls (P < .001). In 23 D+R- patients, HCMV-specific ABs developed. Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity became detectable 3 months posttransplantation in these, with higher ADCC observed in viremic patients. Depletion of gB- and PC-specific ABs revealed that, in particular, gB-specific Abs were associated with the ADCC response. CONCLUSIONS We show that a strong ADCC is elicited after transplantation and is especially based on gB-specific ABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Vietzen
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Görzer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Honsig
- Division of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Bogunia-Kubik K, Łacina P. Non-KIR NK cell receptors: Role in transplantation of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 48:157-171. [PMID: 33352617 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are of major significance in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). They are the first subset of lymphocytes to appear in peripheral blood after transplantation and play an important role in the immune responses against cancer and viral infections. The function of NK cells is controlled by various surface receptors, of which type I integral proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, KIRs) have been the most extensively studied. The present review focuses on less studied NK cell receptors, such as type II integral proteins with lectin-like domains (CD94/NKG2, NKG2D), natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILTs) and their ligands. Their potential role in patients with haematological disorders subjected to HSC transplant procedure in the context of post-transplant complications such as viral reactivation and acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Łacina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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28
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Barnes S, Schilizzi O, Audsley KM, Newnes HV, Foley B. Deciphering the Immunological Phenomenon of Adaptive Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228864. [PMID: 33238550 PMCID: PMC7700325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a significant and vital role in the first line of defense against infection through their ability to target cells without prior sensitization. They also contribute significantly to the activation and recruitment of both innate and adaptive immune cells through the production of a range of cytokines and chemokines. In the context of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, NK cells and CMV have co-evolved side by side to employ several mechanisms to evade one another. However, during this co-evolution the discovery of a subset of long-lived NK cells with enhanced effector potential, increased antibody-dependent responses and the potential to mediate immune memory has revolutionized the field of NK cell biology. The ability of a virus to imprint on the NK cell receptor repertoire resulting in the expansion of diverse, highly functional NK cells to this day remains a significant immunological phenomenon that only occurs in the context of CMV. Here we review our current understanding of the development of these NK cells, commonly referred to as adaptive NK cells and their current role in transplantation, infection, vaccination and cancer immunotherapy to decipher the complex role of CMV in dictating NK cell functional fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Barnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ophelia Schilizzi
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Katherine M. Audsley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hannah V. Newnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.B.); (O.S.); (K.M.A.); (H.V.N.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Goldberg L, Simon AJ, Lev A, Barel O, Stauber T, Kunik V, Rechavi G, Somech R. Atypical immune phenotype in severe combined immunodeficiency patients with novel mutations in IL2RG and JAK3. Genes Immun 2020; 21:326-334. [PMID: 32921793 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-00111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the common gamma chain of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL2RG) or the associated downstream signaling enzyme Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) genes are typically characterized by a T cell-negative, B cell-positive, natural killer (NK) cell-negative (T-B+NK-) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) immune phenotype. We report clinical course, immunological, genetic and proteomic work-up of two patients with different novel mutations in the IL-2-JAK3 pathway with a rare atypical presentation of T-B+NK- SCID. Lymphocyte subpopulation revealed significant T cells lymphopenia, normal B cells, and NK cells counts (T-B+NK+SCID). Despite the presence of B cells, IgG levels were low and IgA and IgM levels were undetectable. T-cell proliferation in response to mitogens in patient 1 was very low and T-cell receptor V-beta chain repertoire in patient 2 was polyclonal. Whole-exome sequencing revealed novel mutations in both patients (patient 1-c.923delC frame-shift mutation in the IL2RG gene, patient 2-c.G172A a homozygous missense mutation in the JAK3 gene). Bioinformatic analysis of the JAK3 mutation indicated deleterious effect and 3D protein modeling located the mutation to a surface exposed alpha-helix structure. Our findings help to link between genotype and phenotype, which is a key factor for the diagnosis and treatment of SCID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Goldberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Amos J Simon
- Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Atar Lev
- Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Tali Stauber
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Vered Kunik
- Bioinformatics Consulting, Gat Rimon, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Pediatric Department A, Pediatric Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
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30
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Goodwin ML, Webster HS, Wang HY, Jenks JA, Nelson CS, Tu JJ, Mangold JF, Valencia S, Pollara J, Edwards W, McLellan JS, Wrapp D, Fu TM, Zhang N, Freed DC, Wang D, An Z, Permar SR. Specificity and effector functions of non-neutralizing gB-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from healthy individuals with human cytomegalovirus infection. Virology 2020; 548:182-191. [PMID: 32838941 PMCID: PMC7447913 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common congenital infection. A glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine (gB/MF59) is the most efficacious clinically tested to date, having achieved 50% protection against primary infection of HCMV-seronegative women. We previously identified that gB/MF59 vaccination primarily elicits non-neutralizing antibody responses, with variable binding to gB genotypes, and protection associated with binding to membrane-associated gB. We hypothesized that gB-specific non-neutralizing antibody binding breadth and function are dependent on epitope and genotype specificity, and ability to interact with membrane-associated gB. We mapped twenty-four gB-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from naturally HCMV-infected individuals for gB domain specificity, genotype preference, and ability to mediate phagocytosis or NK cell activation. gB-specific mAbs were primarily specific for Domain II and demonstrated variable binding to gB genotypes. Two mAbs facilitated phagocytosis with binding specificities of Domain II and AD2. This investigation provides novel understanding on the relationship between gB domain specificity and antigenic variability on gB-specific antibody effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Goodwin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helen S Webster
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cody S Nelson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua J Tu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jesse F Mangold
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Valencia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin Pollara
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Whitney Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tong-Ming Fu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA; Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - Dai Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Sivori S, Pende D, Quatrini L, Pietra G, Della Chiesa M, Vacca P, Tumino N, Moretta F, Mingari MC, Locatelli F, Moretta L. NK cells and ILCs in tumor immunotherapy. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 80:100870. [PMID: 32800530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immunity play an important role in tumor immunotherapy. Thus, NK cells can control tumor growth and metastatic spread. Thanks to their strong cytolytic activity against tumors, different approaches have been developed for exploiting/harnessing their function in patients with leukemia or solid tumors. Pioneering trials were based on the adoptive transfer of autologous NK cell-enriched cell populations that were expanded in vitro and co-infused with IL-2. Although relevant results were obtained in patients with advanced melanoma, the effect was mostly limited to certain metastatic localizations, particularly to the lung. In addition, the severe IL-2-related toxicity and the preferential IL-2-induced expansion of Treg limited this type of approach. This limitation may be overcome by the use of IL-15, particularly of modified IL-15 molecules to improve its half-life and optimize the biological effects. Other approaches to harness NK cell function include stimulation via TLR, the use of bi- and tri-specific NK cell engagers (BiKE and TriKE) linking activating NK receptors (e.g. CD16) to tumor-associated antigens and even incorporating an IL-15 moiety (TriKE). As recently shown, in tumor patients, NK cells may also express inhibitory checkpoints, primarily PD-1. Accordingly, the therapeutic use of checkpoint inhibitors may unleash NK cells against PD-L1+ tumors. This effect may be predominant and crucial in tumors that have lost HLA cl-I expression, thus resulting "invisible" to T lymphocytes. Additional approaches in which NK cells may represent an important tool for cancer therapy, are to exploit the unique properties of the "adaptive" NK cells. These CD57+ NKG2C+ cells, despite their mature stage and a potent cytolytic activity, maintain a strong proliferating capacity. This property revealed to be crucial in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in the haplo-HSCT setting, to cure high-risk leukemias. T depleted haplo-HSCT (e.g. from one of the parents) allowed to save the life of thousands of patients lacking a HLA-compatible donor. In this setting, NK cells have been shown to play an essential role against leukemia cells and infections. Another major advance is represented by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells. CAR-NK, different from CAR-T cells, may be obtained from allogeneic donors since they do not cause GvHD. Accordingly, they may represent "off-the-shelf" products to promptly treat tumor patients, with affordable costs. Different from NK cells, helper ILC (ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3), the innate counterpart of T helper cell subsets, remain rather ambiguous with respect to their anti-tumor activity. A possible exception is represented by a subset of ILC3: their frequency in peri-tumoral tissues in patients with NSCLC directly correlates with a better prognosis, possibly reflecting their ability to contribute to the organization of tertiary lymphoid structures, an important site of T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. It is conceivable that innate immunity may significantly contribute to the major advances that immunotherapy has ensured and will continue to ensure to the cure of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Pende
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariella Della Chiesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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Merino AM, Kim H, Miller JS, Cichocki F. Unraveling exhaustion in adaptive and conventional NK cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1361-1368. [PMID: 32726880 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0620-091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune exhaustion in T cells significantly impacts their ability to control malignancies and infections, and its discovery has led to revolutionary therapies for cancer in the form of checkpoint blockade. NK cells, like T cells, are lymphocytes that recognize virally infected and malignantly transformed cells. However, it remains unclear if NK cells are similarly susceptible to exhaustion. In this review, the aims are to summarize what is currently known and to identify key areas of variability that skew the scientific literature on NK cell exhaustion. A lack of consensus on the defining features of NK cell dysfunctional states such as senescence, suppression, and exhaustion has made a comparison between studies difficult. There are also significant differences in the biology of NK cell subsets with long-lived, adaptive NK cells sharing an epigenetic signature closer to memory CD8+ T cells than to conventional NK cells. Very different checkpoint receptor expression and effector functions have been shown in adaptive versus conventional NK cells chronically exposed to activating signals. Adaptive NK cells develop in individuals with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and well over half of the human population worldwide is CMV seropositive by adulthood. Despite this high prevalence, most studies do not account or control for this population. This may contribute to some of the variability reported in the literature on checkpoint receptor expression on NK cells. In this review, the protective role that exhaustion plays in T cells will also be discussed and the evidence for a similar phenomenon in NK cells will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee M Merino
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hansol Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frank Cichocki
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Chen GL, Wallace PK, Zhang Y, Tario JD, Przespolewski AC, Becker J, Almyroudis NG, Ross M, Riches M, Segal BH, Brix L, McCarthy PL, Hahn T. Low-Level Cytomegalovirus Antigenemia Promotes Protective Cytomegalovirus Antigen-Specific T Cells after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:2147-2154. [PMID: 32721522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a beneficial effect from cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) on immune reconstitution. We determined the CMV antigenemia level associated with increased CMV antigen-specific T cells (CASTs) at day +100 and decreased CMV reactivation after day +100. CMV reactivation and CASTs were measured with CMV antigenemia and CMV-specific major histocompatibility complex multimers. The analysis consisted of 775 CAST measurements obtained before and 30, 100, and 365 days post-alloHCT from 327 consecutive patients treated between 2008 and 2016. Detectable CASTs correlated with recipient (P < .0001) and donor (P < .0001) CMV seropositivity pre-alloHCT. CMV reactivation before day +100 was associated with a higher proportion of patients who achieved ≥3 CASTs/µL by day +100 (61% with versus 39% without reactivation, P < .001). In alloHCT recipients at high risk for CMV reactivation (R+D±) with a maximum of grade II acute graft-versus-host-disease, reactivating CMV before day +100 and achieving ≥3 versus <3 CASTs/µL at day +100 was associated with reduced CMV reactivation from day +100 to +365 (27% versus 62%, P = .04). This protective effect was observed with low-level but not high-level CMV reactivation (<5 versus ≥5/50,000 polymorphonuclear leukocytes + pp65, respectively). These findings suggest low-level CMV reactivation may be beneficial and that treatment may be delayed until progression. These findings will need validation in prospective clinical trials using CMV PCR and antigenemia assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Paul K Wallace
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph D Tario
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Joanne Becker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nikolaos G Almyroudis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Maureen Ross
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marcie Riches
- Department of Medicine, Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Philip L McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Theresa Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
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34
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Forrest C, Gomes A, Reeves M, Male V. NK Cell Memory to Cytomegalovirus: Implications for Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030394. [PMID: 32698362 PMCID: PMC7563466 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that recognize and eliminate virally-infected and cancerous cells. Members of the innate immune system are not usually considered to mediate immune memory, but over the past decade evidence has emerged that NK cells can do this in several contexts. Of these, the best understood and most widely accepted is the response to cytomegaloviruses, with strong evidence for memory to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and several lines of evidence suggesting that the same is likely to be true of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The importance of NK cells in the context of HCMV infection is underscored by the armory of NK immune evasion genes encoded by HCMV aimed at subverting the NK cell immune response. As such, ongoing studies that have utilized HCMV to investigate NK cell diversity and function have proven instructive. Here, we discuss our current understanding of NK cell memory to viral infection with a focus on the response to cytomegaloviruses. We will then discuss the implications that this will have for the development of a vaccine against HCMV with particular emphasis on how a strategy that can harness the innate immune system and NK cells could be crucial for the development of a vaccine against this high-priority pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Forrest
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, UCL, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (C.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Ariane Gomes
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, UCL, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (C.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Matthew Reeves
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, UCL, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (C.F.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Male
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, London SW10 9NH, UK
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.)
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Stary V, Stary G. NK Cell-Mediated Recall Responses: Memory-Like, Adaptive, or Antigen-Specific? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:208. [PMID: 32477964 PMCID: PMC7240046 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting experimental evidence hints to an import role for natural killer (NK) cells in adaptive immune responses to pathogens. NK cells with adaptive features are heterogeneous and belong to different subsets according to their phenotype as well as the nature of their adaptive recall reactions. Three types of adaptive NK cell responses have been described: (i) NK cells with long-lived memory of multiple different haptens and viral antigens were described in murine liver tissue with a possible human counterpart; (ii) infection of human and mouse cytomegalovirus is associated with an expansion of NKG2C+ and Ly49H+ NK cells, respectively, that selectively recognize CMV-encoded peptides thereby facilitating recall responses; (iii) cytokine-stimulated NK cells respond to different stimuli with enhanced production of IFN-γ after re-stimulation. These exciting findings not only support the idea of NK cells with adaptive features, but define a novel field of harnessing memory NK cell subsets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stary
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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36
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Grutza R, Moskorz W, Senff T, Bäcker E, Lindemann M, Zimmermann A, Uhrberg M, Lang PA, Timm J, Cosmovici C. NKG2C pos NK Cells Regulate the Expansion of Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8 T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:2910-2917. [PMID: 32284334 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the human CMV associates with phenotypic alterations in lymphocyte subsets. A highly reproducible finding in CMV-seropositive individuals is an expansion of NKG2Cpos NK cells. In this study, we analyzed if the altered NK cell compartment in CMV-seropositive human donors may affect CMV-specific CD8 T cells. Resting CMV-specific CD8 T cells were terminally differentiated and expressed high levels of the NKG2C ligand HLA-E. Activation of CMV-specific CD8 T cells with the cognate Ag further increased HLA-E expression. In line with a negative regulatory effect of NKG2Cpos NK cells on HLA-Ehigh CD8 T cells, depletion of NKG2Cpos NK cells enhanced Ag-specific expansion of CMV-specific CD8 T cells in vitro. In turn, the activation of NK cells in coculture with CMV-specific CD8 T cells promoted a selective loss of HLA-Ehigh CD8 T cells. To test if NKG2Cpos NK cells can target HLA-Ehigh CD8 T cells, Jurkat T cells with and without stabilized HLA-E on the surface were used. NKG2Cpos NK cells stimulated with HLA-Ehigh Jurkat cells released higher levels of Granzyme B compared with NKG2Cneg NK cells and NKG2Cpos NK cells stimulated with HLA-Elow Jurkat cells. Moreover, intracellular levels of caspase 3/7 were increased in HLA-Ehigh Jurkat cells compared with HLA-Elow Jurkat cells, consistent with higher rates of apoptosis in HLA-Ehigh T cells in the presence of NKG2Cpos NK cells. Our data show that NKG2Cpos NK cells interact with HLA-Ehigh CD8 T cells, which may negatively regulate the expansion of CMV-specific CD8 T cells upon activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Grutza
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Moskorz
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tina Senff
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eugen Bäcker
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Lindemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Albert Zimmermann
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Cosmovici
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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Abstract
One of the hallmarks of the vertebrate adaptive immune system is the prolific expansion of individual cell clones that encounter their cognate antigen. More recently, however, there is growing evidence for the clonal expansion of innate lymphocytes, particularly in the context of pathogen challenge. Clonal expansion not only serves to amplify the number of specific lymphocytes to mount a robust protective response to the pathogen at hand but also results in selection and differentiation of the responding lymphocytes to generate a multitude of cell fates. Here, we summarize the evidence for clonal expansion in innate lymphocytes, which has primarily been observed in natural killer (NK) cells responding to cytomegalovirus infection, and consider the requirements for such a response in NK cells in light of those for T cells. Furthermore, we discuss multiple aspects of heterogeneity that both contribute to and result from the fundamental immunological process of clonal expansion, highlighting the parallels between innate and adaptive lymphocytes, with a particular focus on NK cells and CD8+ T cells.
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Ataya M, Redondo-Pachón D, Llinàs-Mallol L, Yélamos J, Heredia G, Pérez-Sáez MJ, Vila J, Costa-García M, Raïch-Regué D, Vilches C, Pascual J, Crespo M, López-Botet M. Pretransplant adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells protect against cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:663-676. [PMID: 31612635 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection constitutes a complication for kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and CMV-specific T cells reduce the risk of viral replication in seropositive patients. CMV promotes the adaptive differentiation and expansion of an NK cell subset, hallmarked by expression of the CD94/NKG2C receptor with additional characteristic features. We previously reported an association of pretransplant NKG2C+ NK cells with a reduced incidence of CMV infection. We have strengthened the analysis in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an enlarged KTR cohort (n = 145) with homogeneous immunosuppression, excluding cases at low risk of infection (ie, CMV D-R-) or receiving antiviral prophylaxis. Moreover, adaptive NKG2C+ NK cell-associated markers (ie, NKG2A, CD57, Immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 [LIR1 or LILRB1], FcεRI γ chain, and Prolymphocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger transcription factor) as well as T lymphocyte subsets were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. The relation of NKG2C+ NK cells with T cells specific for CMV antigens was analyzed in pretransplant patients (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 28). Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses supported that NKG2C+ NK cells bearing adaptive markers were specifically associated with a reduced incidence of posttransplant symptomatic CMV infection; no correlation between NKG2C+ NK cells and CMV-specific T cells was observed. These results support that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells contribute to control CMV infection in KTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ataya
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Redondo-Pachón
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Yélamos
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María J Pérez-Sáez
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vila
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics-HLA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Wu Z, Subramanian N, Jacobsen EM, Laib Sampaio K, van der Merwe J, Hönig M, Mertens T. NK Cells from RAG- or DCLRE1C-Deficient Patients Inhibit HCMV. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110546. [PMID: 31717670 PMCID: PMC6920872 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombination-activating genes (RAGs) and the DNA cross-link repair 1C gene (DCLRE1C) encode the enzymes RAG1, RAG2 and Artemis. They are critical components of the V(D)J recombination machinery. V(D)J recombination is well known as a prerequisite for the development and antigen diversity of T and B cells. New findings suggested that RAG deficiency impacts the cellular fitness and function of murine NK cells. It is not known whether NK cells from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients with defective RAGs or DCLRE1C (RAGs−/DCLRE1C−-NK) are active against virus infections. Here, we evaluated the anti-HCMV activity of RAGs−/DCLRE1C−-NK cells. NK cells from six SCID patients were functional in inhibiting HCMV transmission between cells in vitro. We also investigated the expansion of HCMV-induced NK cell subset in the RAG- or DCLRE1C-deficient patients. A dynamic expansion of NKG2C+ NK cells in one RAG-2-deficient patient was observed post HCMV acute infection. Our study firstly reveals the antiviral activity of human RAGs−/ DCLRE1C−-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguang Wu
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Manfred Hönig
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Mertens
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-65101; Fax: +49-731-500-65102
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Clinical Correlation of Cytomegalovirus Infection With CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell Immune Competence Score and Lymphocyte Subsets in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2019; 103:832-838. [PMID: 30086091 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after solid organ transplantation (SOT) requires a functional immune system. We assessed the association between quantitation and function of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells and CMV infection in SOT recipients. METHODS During a 10-year period, selected kidney, heart, lung, pancreas, liver, and composite tissue recipients were tested for CMV-specific CD8+ T cells immune competence (CMV-CD8+), as measured by enumeration, interferon-gamma production, and CD107a/b degranulation. Quantitative and functional data were used to assemble T-cell immune competence (TIC) score. CMV infection was diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction in blood and other samples or histopathology. RESULTS Of 130 patients tested, 59 had CMV infection or disease. The median onset to CMV infection was 10.5 months (interquartile range [IQR], 5.5-18.7). Gastrointestinal disease (28.8%), pneumonia (20.3%), and CMV syndrome (17%) were most common presentation. An impaired nonspecific or CMV-CD8+ TIC score was associated with tissue-invasive disease (hazard risk, 2.84, 95% confidence interval, 1.03-11.81; P = 0.04). Patients with impaired CMV-CD8+ TIC score had longer viremia duration (42.4 days vs 18.8 d; P < 0.001). Patients with impaired nonspecific or CMV-CD8+ TIC score had higher risk of relapse (68.8% vs 27.9%; hazard risk, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-5.89; P = 0.03). Patients with CMV infection or disease had lower median absolute lymphocyte count (380 [IQR, 240-540] vs 940 [IQR, 551-1210] cells/mm; P < 0.0001) and CD4+ T cell count (29 cells/mm [IQR, 1.3-116.0] vs 325.5 cells/mm [IQR, 151.5-589.8]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Nonspecific and CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell function correlated with the course of CMV after SOT, and measuring these has the potential to assist in its clinical management.
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Human cytomegalovirus evades antibody-mediated immunity through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the FcRn receptor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3020. [PMID: 31289263 PMCID: PMC6617459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can persistently infect humans, but how HCMV avoids humoral immunity is not clear. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) controls IgG transport from the mother to the fetus and prolongs IgG half-life. Here we show that US11 inhibits the assembly of FcRn with β2m and retains FcRn in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), consequently blocking FcRn trafficking to the endosome. Furthermore, US11 recruits the ubiquitin enzymes Derlin-1, TMEM129 and UbE2J2 to engage FcRn, consequently initiating the dislocation of FcRn from the ER to the cytosol and facilitating its degradation. Importantly, US11 inhibits IgG-FcRn binding, resulting in a reduction of IgG transcytosis across intestinal or placental epithelial cells and IgG degradation in endothelial cells. Hence, these results identify the mechanism by which HCMV infection exploits an ER-associated degradation pathway through US11 to disable FcRn functions. These results have implications for vaccine development and immune surveillance. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can persist for the life of a host in the face of robust immune responses owing to a wide range of immune evasion strategies. Here Liu and colleagues show that HCMV evades the IgG-mediated response by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG.
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Comeau EM, Holder KA, Fudge NJ, Grant MD. Cytomegalovirus-Driven Adaption of Natural Killer Cells in NKG2C null Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030239. [PMID: 30857329 PMCID: PMC6466323 DOI: 10.3390/v11030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of natural killer (NK) cells expressing NKG2C occurs following human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and is amplified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. These NKG2C-expressing NK cells demonstrate enhanced CD16-dependent cytokine production and downregulate FcεRIγ and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF). Lacking NKG2C diminishes resistance to HIV infection, but whether this affects NK cell acquisition of superior antibody-dependent function is unclear. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether HCMV-driven NK cell differentiation is impaired in NKG2Cnull HIV-infected individuals. Phenotypic (CD2, CD16, CD57, NKG2A, FcεRIγ, and PLZF expression) and functional (cytokine induction and cytotoxicity) properties were compared between HIV⁻infected NKG2Cnull and NKG2C-expressing groups. Cytokine production was compared following stimulation through natural cytotoxicity receptors or through CD16. Cytotoxicity was measured by anti-CD16-redirected lysis and by classical antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against anti-class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody-coated cells. Our data indicate highly similar HCMV-driven NK cell differentiation in HIV infection with or without NKG2C. While the fraction of mature (CD57pos) NK cells expressing CD2 (p = 0.009) or co-expressing CD2 and CD16 (p = 0.03) was significantly higher in NKG2Cnull HIV-infected individuals, there were no significant differences in NKG2A, FcεRIγ, or PLZF expression. The general phenotypic and functional equivalency observed suggests NKG2C-independent routes of HCMV-driven NK cell differentiation, which may involve increased CD2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M Comeau
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philp Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
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Maucourant C, Petitdemange C, Yssel H, Vieillard V. Control of Acute Arboviral Infection by Natural Killer Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020131. [PMID: 30709036 PMCID: PMC6410043 DOI: 10.3390/v11020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent explosive pandemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) followed by Zika (ZIKV) virus infections occurring throughout many countries represents the most unexpected arrival of arthropod-borne viral diseases in the past 20 years. Transmitted through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, the clinical picture associated with these acute arbovirus infections, including Dengue (DENV), CHIKV and ZIKV, ranges from classical febrile illness to life-threatening disease. Whereas ZIKV and CHIKV-mediated infections have previously been recognized as relatively benign diseases, in contrast to Dengue fever, recent epidemic events have brought waves of increased morbidity and mortality leading to a serious public health problem. Although the host immune response plays a crucial role in controlling infections, it may also promote viral spread and immunopathology. Here, we review recent developments in our understanding of the immune response, with an emphasis on the early antiviral immune response mediated by natural killer cells and emphasize their Janus-faced effects in the control of arbovirus infection and pathogenesis. Improving our understanding knowledge on of the mechanisms that control viral infection is crucial in the current race against the globalization of arbovirus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maucourant
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR9196, Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
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Lee S, Doualeh M, Affandi JS, Makwana N, Irish A, Price P. Functional and clinical consequences of changes to natural killer cell phenotypes driven by chronic cytomegalovirus infections. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1120-1127. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lee
- School of Biomedical Science and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin UniversityBentley Western Australia
- Department of MicrobiologyPathWest Laboratory MedicinePerth Western Australia
| | - Mariam Doualeh
- School of Biomedical Science and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin UniversityBentley Western Australia
| | - Jacquita S. Affandi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University Western Australia
| | - Nandini Makwana
- School of Biomedical Science and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin UniversityBentley Western Australia
| | - Ashley Irish
- Renal Unit, Department of NephrologyFiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch Western Australia
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Deep functional immunophenotyping predicts risk of cytomegalovirus reactivation after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 2018; 133:867-877. [PMID: 30573634 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-878918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral infection in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. We performed deep phenotyping of CMV-specific T cells to predict CMV outcomes following allogeneic HCT. By using 13-color flow cytometry, we studied ex vivo CD8+ T-cell cytokine production in response to CMV-pp65 peptides in 3 clinically distinct subgroups of CMV-seropositive HCT patients: (1) Elite Controllers (n = 19): did not have evidence of CMV DNAemia on surveillance testing; (2) Spontaneous Controllers (n = 16): spontaneously resolved low-grade CMV DNAemia without antiviral therapy; and (3) Noncontrollers (NC; n = 21): experienced clinically significant CMV. Two CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell functional subsets were strongly associated with risk of CMV: (i) the nonprotective signature (NPS; IL-2-IFN-γ+TNF-α-MIP-1β+), found at increased levels among NC; and (ii) the protective signature (PS; IL-2+IFN-γ+TNF-α+MIP-1β+) found at low levels among NC. High levels of the NPS and low levels of PS were associated with an increased 100-day cumulative incidence of clinically significant CMV infection (35% vs 5%; P = .02; and 40% vs 12%; P = .05, respectively). The highest predictive value was observed when these signatures were combined into a composite biomarker consisting of low levels of the PS and high levels of the NPS (67% vs 10%; P < .001). After adjusting for steroid use or donor type, this composite biomarker remained associated with a fivefold increase in the risk of clinically significant CMV infection. CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell cytokine signatures with robust predictive value for risk of CMV reactivation should prove useful in guiding clinical decision making in HCT recipients.
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Holder KA, Lajoie J, Grant MD. Natural Killer Cells Adapt to Cytomegalovirus Along a Functionally Static Phenotypic Spectrum in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2494. [PMID: 30483249 PMCID: PMC6240648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Events related to HCMV infection drive accumulation of functionally enhanced CD57posNKG2Cpos adapted NK cells. We investigated NK cell adaptation to HCMV along a proposed continuum progressing from acute activation through maturation and memory formation towards functional exhaustion. Acute exposure to conditioned medium collected 24 h after HCMV infection (HCMVsn) increased NK cell cytotoxicity for all HCMV-seronegative and seropositive donors tested, with mean 38 and 29% boosts in natural and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), respectively. Increases in NK cell cytotoxicity were completely abrogated by blocking type I interferon (IFN) receptors and equivalent responses occurred with exposure to IFN-α2 alone at the same concentration present in HCMVsn. To study longer term effects of HCMV infection, we focused on three groups of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects distinguished as HCMV-seronegative or HCMV-seropositive with either high (>20%) or low (<6%) fractions of their NK cells expressing NKG2C. The NK cells of all three HIV-infected groups responded to HCMVsn and IFN-α2 in a manner similar to the NK cells of either HCMV-seronegative or seropositive controls. Neither HCMV status, nor the extent of phenotypic evidence of adaptation to HCMV infection significantly affected mean levels of ADCC or CD16-mediated NK cell degranulation and IFN-γ production compared between the HIV-infected groups. Levels of IFN-γ production correlated significantly with the fraction of NK cells lacking FcεRIγ (FcRγ), but not with the fraction of NK cells expressing NKG2C. There was negligible expression of exhaustion markers Lag-3 and PD-1 on NK cells in any of the groups and no significant difference between groups in the fraction of NK cells expressing Tim-3. The fraction of NK cells expressing Tim-3 was unaffected by CD16 stimulation. Relative to the total NK cell population, responses of Tim-3-expressing cells to CD16 stimulation were variably compromised in HCMV seronegative and seropositive groups. In general, NK cell function in response to signaling through CD16 was well preserved in HIV infection and although HCMV had a clear effect on NK cell FcRγ and NKG2C expression, there was little evidence that the level of adaptation to HCMV infection affected CD16-dependent NK cell signaling in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Holder
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Julie Lajoie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael D Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Colonna M. Is There Natural Killer Cell Memory and Can It Be Harnessed by Vaccination? Vaccination Strategies Based on NK Cell and ILC Memory. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029512. [PMID: 29254976 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies over the last decade have decisively shown that innate immune natural killer (NK) cells exhibit enhanced long-lasting functional responses following a single activation event. With the increased recognition of memory and memory-like properties of NK cells, questions have arisen with regard to their ability to effectively mediate vaccination responses in humans. Moreover, recently discovered innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) could also potentially exhibit memory-like functions. Here, we review different forms of NK cell memory, and speculate about the ability of these cells and ILCs to meaningfully contribute to vaccination responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Zitti B, Bryceson YT. Natural killer cells in inflammation and autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 42:37-46. [PMID: 30122459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
First described 40 years ago, natural killer (NK) cells represent the founding members of the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family. They were initially defined by their ability to kill cancer cells of hematopoietic origin. More recently, NK cells are recognized not only for their ability to kill infected or malignant cells, but also for mediating cytotoxicity against a range of normal immune cells. They thereby play an important physiological role in controlling immune responses and maintaining homeostasis. Besides cytotoxic activity, NK cells activation is accompanied by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, NK cells have the potential to act both in driving inflammation and in restricting adaptive immune responses that may otherwise lead to excessive inflammation or even autoimmunity. Here, we highlight how NK cell activity is linked to inflammasome activation and review new molecular insights to the roles of NK cells in inflammation and autoimmunity. Furthermore, in light of new insights to NK cell differentiation and memory, we deliberate on how distinct NK cell subsets may impact immunoregulatory functions. Hypothetically, memory-like or adaptive NK cells could drive NK cell-mediated autoreactive diseases. Together, new findings underscore the complex yet important physiological roles of NK cells in both promoting inflammation and exerting immunoregulation and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Insights raise intriguing questions as to how NK cells themselves maintain self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Zitti
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Hammer Q, Rückert T, Romagnani C. Natural killer cell specificity for viral infections. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:800-808. [PMID: 30026479 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that contribute to the early immune responses to viruses. NK cells are innate immune cells that do not express rearranged antigen receptors but sense their environment via receptors for pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as via germline-encoded activating receptors specific for danger or pathogen signals. A group of such activating receptors is stochastically expressed by certain subsets within the NK cell compartment. After engagement of the cognate viral ligand, these receptors contribute to the specific activation and 'preferential' population expansion of defined NK cell subsets, which partially recapitulate some features of adaptive lymphocytes. In this Review, we discuss the numerous modes for the specific recognition of viral antigens and peptides by NK cells and the implications of this for the composition of the NK cell repertoire as well as for the the selection of viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Hammer
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany. .,Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific T cell but not neutralizing or IgG binding antibody responses to glycoprotein complexes gB, gHgLgO, and pUL128L correlate with protection against high HCMV viral load reactivation in solid-organ transplant recipients. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1620-1628. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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