1
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Liu A, Wen T, Ding L, Qin Y, Li C, Lei M, Zhu Y. Proteasome inhibitors FHND6091 enhance the ability of NK cells to kill tumor cells through multiple mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176716. [PMID: 38849039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The immune system has a strong connection to tumors. When a tumor cell is recognized as an abnormal cell by the immune system, the immune system may initiate an immune response to kill the tumor cell. In this study, RNA sequencing was performed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor FHND6091. The transcriptional changes induced by FHND6091 in RPMI8226 cells aligned notably with immune response activation and results indicated upregulation of cGAS-STING pathway-related genes in the FHND6091-treated group. In vivo and in vitro experiments had demonstrated that FHND6091 stimulated the immunoreaction of MM cells via activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. This activation resulted in the generation of type-I interferons and the mobilization of natural killer (NK) cells. Notably, FHND6091 upregulated the levels of calreticulin and the protein ligands UL16-binding protein 2/5/6, MHC class I chain-related A (MICA), and MICB on the surface of MM cells. Subsequently, upon engaging with the surface activation receptors of NK cells, these ligands triggered NK cell activation, leading to the subsequent elimination of tumor cells. Thus, our findings elucidated the mechanism whereby FHND6091 exerted its immunotherapeutic activity as a STING agonist, enhancing the killing ability of NK cells against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Liu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
| | - Liming Ding
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No.9 Weidi Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
| | - Yanru Qin
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
| | - Chenhui Li
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No.9 Weidi Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
| | - Meng Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No.9 Weidi Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China.
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2
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Tryggestad SS, Roseth IA, Aass KR, Ørning NEH, Mjelle R, Hella H, Standal T. Toll-like receptor signaling in multiple myeloma cells promotes the expression of pro-survival genes B-cell lymphoma 2 and MYC and modulates the expression of B-cell maturation antigen. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393906. [PMID: 38911853 PMCID: PMC11190062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections are common in plasma cell cancer multiple myeloma (MM) due to disease-related immune deficiencies and cancer treatment. Myeloma cells express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and TLR activation has been shown to induce proliferative and pro-survival signals in cancer cells. MM is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and expression levels of TLRs as well as downstream signaling components are likely to differ between patients. Here, we show that in a large cohort of patients, TLR1, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, and TLR10 are the most highly expressed in primary CD138+ cells. Using an MM cell line expressing TLR4 and TLR9 as a model, we demonstrate that TLR4 and TLR9 activation promoted the expression of well-established pro-survival and oncogenes in MM such as MYC, IRF4, NFKB, and BCL2. TLR4 and TLR9 activation inhibited the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib, drugs used in the treatment of MM. Inhibiting the autophagosome-lysosome protein degradation pathway by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) diminished the protective effect of TLR activation on proteasome inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity. We also found that TLR signaling downregulated the expression of TNFRSF17, the gene encoding for B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). MYC, BCL2, and BCL2L1 were upregulated in approximately 50% of primary cells, while the response to TLR signaling in terms of TNFRSF17 expression was dichotomous, as an equal fraction of patients showed upregulation and downregulation of the gene. While proteasome inhibitors are part of first-line MM treatment, several of the new anti-MM immune therapeutic drugs target BCMA. Thus, TLR activation may render MM cells less responsive to commonly used anti-myeloma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne Stokke Tryggestad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Aass Roseth
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Roseth Aass
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nadia Elise Helene Ørning
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robin Mjelle
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Ibtisam I, Kisselev AF. Early recovery of proteasome activity in cells pulse-treated with proteasome inhibitors is independent of DDI2. eLife 2024; 12:RP91678. [PMID: 38619391 PMCID: PMC11018354 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid recovery of proteasome activity may contribute to intrinsic and acquired resistance to FDA-approved proteasome inhibitors. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of proteasome genes in cells treated with sub-lethal concentrations of proteasome inhibitors is upregulated by the transcription factor Nrf1 (NFE2L1), which is activated by a DDI2 protease. Here, we demonstrate that the recovery of proteasome activity is DDI2-independent and occurs before transcription of proteasomal genes is upregulated but requires protein translation. Thus, mammalian cells possess an additional DDI2 and transcription-independent pathway for the rapid recovery of proteasome activity after proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam Ibtisam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnUnited States
| | - Alexei F Kisselev
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnUnited States
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4
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van Dijk AD, Hoff FW, Qiu Y, Hubner SE, Go RL, Ruvolo VR, Leonti AR, Gerbing RB, Gamis AS, Aplenc R, Kolb EA, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S, de Bont ESJM, Horton TM, Kornblau SM. Chromatin Profiles Are Prognostic of Clinical Response to Bortezomib-Containing Chemotherapy in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results from the COG AAML1031 Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1448. [PMID: 38672531 PMCID: PMC11048007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The addition of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to standard chemotherapy did not improve survival in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) when all patients were analyzed as a group in the Children's Oncology Group phase 3 trial AAML1031 (NCT01371981). Proteasome inhibition influences the chromatin landscape and proteostasis, and we hypothesized that baseline proteomic analysis of histone- and chromatin-modifying enzymes (HMEs) would identify AML subgroups that benefitted from bortezomib addition. A proteomic profile of 483 patients treated with AAML1031 chemotherapy was generated using a reverse-phase protein array. A relatively high expression of 16 HME was associated with lower EFS and higher 3-year relapse risk after AML standard treatment compared to low expressions (52% vs. 29%, p = 0.005). The high-HME profile correlated with more transposase-accessible chromatin, as demonstrated via ATAC-sequencing, and the bortezomib addition improved the 3-year overall survival compared with standard therapy (62% vs. 75%, p = 0.033). These data suggest that there are pediatric AML populations that respond well to bortezomib-containing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke D. van Dijk
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.W.H.)
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 78712, USA
| | - Fieke W. Hoff
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.W.H.)
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stefan E. Hubner
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 78712, USA
| | - Robin L. Go
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 78712, USA
| | - Vivian R. Ruvolo
- Department of Molecular Therapy and Hematology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amanda R. Leonti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Alan S. Gamis
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward A. Kolb
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Todd A. Alonzo
- COG Statistics and Data Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eveline S. J. M. de Bont
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.W.H.)
| | - Terzah M. Horton
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 78712, USA
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5
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Mitsiades CS. Proteasome Inhibitors in Multiple Myeloma: Biological Insights on Mechanisms of Action or Resistance Informed by Functional Genomics. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:321-336. [PMID: 38278626 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
During the last 20 years, proteasome inhibitors have been a cornerstone for the therapeutic management of multiple myeloma (MM). This review highlights how MM research has evolved over time in terms of our understanding of the mechanistic basis for the pronounced clinical activity of proteasome inhibitors in MM, compared with the limited clinical applications of this drug class outside the setting of plasma cell dyscrasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine S Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Maclachlan KH, Gitareja K, Kang J, Cuddihy A, Cao Y, Hein N, Cullinane C, Ang CS, Brajanovski N, Pearson RB, Khot A, Sanij E, Hannan RD, Poortinga G, Harrison SJ. Targeting the ribosome to treat multiple myeloma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200771. [PMID: 38596309 PMCID: PMC10905045 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The high rates of protein synthesis and processing render multiple myeloma (MM) cells vulnerable to perturbations in protein homeostasis. The induction of proteotoxic stress by targeting protein degradation with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has revolutionized the treatment of MM. However, resistance to PIs is inevitable and represents an ongoing clinical challenge. Our first-in-human study of the selective inhibitor of RNA polymerase I transcription of ribosomal RNA genes, CX-5461, has demonstrated a potential signal for anti-tumor activity in three of six heavily pre-treated MM patients. Here, we show that CX-5461 has potent anti-myeloma activity in PI-resistant MM preclinical models in vitro and in vivo. In addition to inhibiting ribosome biogenesis, CX-5461 causes topoisomerase II trapping and replication-dependent DNA damage, leading to G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Combining CX-5461 with PI does not further enhance the anti-myeloma activity of CX-5461 in vivo. In contrast, CX-5461 shows synergistic interaction with the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat in both the Vk∗MYC and the 5T33-KaLwRij mouse models of MM by targeting ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis through distinct mechanisms. Our findings thus provide strong evidence to facilitate the clinical development of targeting the ribosome to treat relapsed and refractory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylee H. Maclachlan
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kezia Gitareja
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine- St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian Kang
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine- St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Cuddihy
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuxi Cao
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadine Hein
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Brajanovski
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard B. Pearson
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amit Khot
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine- St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross D. Hannan
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gretchen Poortinga
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon J. Harrison
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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7
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Pelon M, Krzeminski P, Tracz-Gaszewska Z, Misiewicz-Krzeminska I. Factors determining the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors of multiple myeloma cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1351565. [PMID: 38500772 PMCID: PMC10944964 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1351565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer that originates from antibody-producing plasma cells. It is characterized by an intrinsic ability to produce large amounts of immunoglobulin-like proteins. The high rate of synthesis makes myeloma cells dependent on protein processing mechanisms related to the proteasome. This dependence made proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib and carfilzomib one of the most important classes of drugs used in multiple myeloma treatment. Inhibition of the proteasome is associated with alteration of a number of important biological processes leading, in consequence, to inhibition of angiogenesis. The effect of drugs in this group and the degree of patient response to the treatment used is itself an extremely complex process that depends on many factors. At cellular level the change in sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors may be related to differences in the expression level of proteasome subunits, the degree of proteasome loading, metabolic adaptation, transcriptional or epigenetic factors. These are just some of the possibilities that may influence differences in response to proteasome inhibitors. This review describes the main cellular factors that determine the degree of response to proteasome inhibitor drugs, as well as information on the key role of the proteasome and the performance characteristics of the inhibitors that are the mainstay of multiple myeloma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelon
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Krzeminski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Institute, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Sogabe K, Nakamura S, Higa Y, Miki H, Oda A, Maruhashi T, Sumitani R, Oura M, Takahashi M, Nakamura M, Maeda Y, Hara T, Yamagami H, Fujii S, Kagawa K, Ozaki S, Kurahashi K, Endo I, Aihara KI, Nakaue E, Hiasa M, Teramachi J, Harada T, Abe M. Acute accumulation of PIM2 and NRF2 and recovery of β5 subunit activity mitigate multiple myeloma cell susceptibility to proteasome inhibitors. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:303-315. [PMID: 38245883 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has emerged as an important clinical issue. We investigated the mechanisms underlying multiple myeloma (MM) cell resistance to PIs. To mimic their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles, MM cells were treated with bortezomib and carfilzomib for 1 h at concentrations up to 400 and 1,000 nM, respectively. Susceptibility to these PIs markedly varied among MM cell lines. Pulsatile treatments with PIs suppressed translation, as demonstrated by incorporation of puromycin at 24 h in PI-susceptible MM.1S cells, but not PI-resistant KMS-11 cells. Inhibition of β5 subunit activity decreased at 24 h in KMS-11 cells, even with the irreversible PI carfilzomib, but not under suppression of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Furthermore, the proteasome-degradable pro-survival factors PIM2 and NRF2 acutely accumulated in MM cells subjected to pulsatile PI treatments. Accumulated NRF2 was trans-localized into the nucleus to induce the expression of its target gene, HMOX1, in MM cells. PIM and Akt inhibition restored the anti-MM effects of PIs, even against PI-resistant KMS-11 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that increased synthesis of β5 proteasome subunit and acute accumulation of PIM2 and NRF2 reduce the anti-MM effects of PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Sogabe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Higa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maruhashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sumitani
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oura
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mamiko Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokushima Prefecture Naruto Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusaku Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagami
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Hematology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Emiko Nakaue
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Oral Function and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, Kawashima Hospital, 6-1 Kitasakoichiban-Cho, Tokushima, 770-0011, Japan.
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9
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Tonon G. Myeloma and DNA damage. Blood 2024; 143:488-495. [PMID: 37992215 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT DNA-damaging agents have represented the first effective treatment for the blood cancer multiple myeloma, and after 65 years since their introduction to the clinic, they remain one of the mainstay therapies for this disease. Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells. Despite exceedingly slow proliferation, myeloma cells present extended genomic rearrangements and intense genomic instability, starting at the premalignant stage of the disease. Where does such DNA damage stem from? A reliable model argues that the powerful oncogenes activated in myeloma as well the phenotypic peculiarities of cancer plasma cells, including the dependency on the proteasome for survival and the constant presence of oxidative stress, all converge on modulating DNA damage and repair. Beleaguered by these contraposing forces, myeloma cells survive in a precarious balance, in which the robust engagement of DNA repair mechanisms to guarantee cell survival is continuously challenged by rampant genomic instability, essential for cancer cells to withstand hostile selective pressures. Shattering this delicate equilibrium has been the goal of the extensive use of DNA-damaging agents since their introduction in the clinic, now enriched by novel approaches that leverage upon synthetic lethality paradigms. Exploiting the impairment of homologous recombination caused by myeloma genetic lesions or treatments, it is now possible to design therapeutic combinations that could target myeloma cells more effectively. Furthermore, DNA-damaging agents, as demonstrated in solid tumors, may sensitize cells to immune therapies. In all, targeting DNA damage and repair remains as central as ever in myeloma, even for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tonon
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Center for Omics Sciences, Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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10
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Tang P, Yu Z, Sun H, Liu L, Gong L, Fang T, Sun X, Xie S, An G, Xu Z, Qiu L, Hao M. CRIP1 involves the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma via dual-regulation of proteasome and autophagy. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104961. [PMID: 38199044 PMCID: PMC10825369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy of the plasma cells. The maintenance of protein homeostasis is critical for MM cell survival. Elevated levels of paraproteins in MM cells are cleared by proteasomes or lysosomes, which are independent but inter-connected with each other. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) work as a backbone agent and successfully improved the outcome of patients; however, the increasing activity of autophagy suppresses the sensitivity to PIs treatment. METHODS The transcription levels of CRIP1 were explored in plasma cells obtained from healthy donors, patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) using Gene expression omnibus datasets. Doxycycline-inducible CRIP1-shRNA and CRIP1 overexpressed MM cell lines were constructed to explore the role of CRIP1 in MM pathogenesis. Proliferation, invasion, migration, proteasome activity and autophagy were examined in MM cells with different CRIP1 levels. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) with Tandem affinity purification/Mass spectrum (TAP/MS) was performed to identify the binding proteins of CRIP1. The mouse xenograft model was used to determine the role of CRIP1 in the proliferation and drug-resistance of MM cells. FINDINGS High CRIP1 expression was associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with MM and served as a biomarker for RRMM with shorter overall survival. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that CRIP1 plays a critical role in protein homeostasis via the dual regulation of the activities of proteasome and autophagy in MM cells. A combined analysis of RNA-seq, Co-IP and TAP/MS demonstrated that CRIP1 promotes proteasome inhibitors resistance in MM cells by simultaneously binding to de-ubiquitinase USP7 and proteasome coactivator PA200. CRIP1 promoted proteasome activity and autophagosome maturation by facilitating the dequbiquitination and stabilization of PA200. INTERPRETATION Our findings clarified the pivotal roles of the CRIP1/USP7/PA200 complex in ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation and autophagy maturation involved in the pathogenesis of MM. FUNDING A full list of funding sources can be found in the acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Teng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Xu
- Hematology Department Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China; Gobroad Healthcare Group, Beijing, China.
| | - Mu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Ibtisam I, Kisselev AF. Early recovery of proteasome activity in cells pulse-treated with proteasome inhibitors is independent of DDI2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.03.550647. [PMID: 37577495 PMCID: PMC10418215 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.550647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid recovery of proteasome activity may contribute to intrinsic and acquired resistance to FDA-approved proteasome inhibitors. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of proteasome genes in cells treated with sub-lethal concentrations of proteasome inhibitors is upregulated by the transcription factor Nrf1 (NFE2L1), which is activated by a DDI2 protease. Here, we demonstrate that the recovery of proteasome activity is DDI2-independent and occurs before transcription of proteasomal genes is upregulated but requires protein translation. Thus, mammalian cells possess an additional DDI2 and transcription-independent pathway for the rapid recovery of proteasome activity after proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam Ibtisam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S. Donahue Dr. Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Alexei F. Kisselev
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S. Donahue Dr. Auburn AL 36849 USA
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12
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Liu X, Moscvin M, Oh S, Chen T, Choi W, Evans B, Rowell SM, Nadeem O, Mo CC, Sperling AS, Anderson KC, Yaqoob Z, Bianchi G, Sung Y. Characterizing dry mass and volume changes in human multiple myeloma cells upon treatment with proteotoxic and genotoxic drugs. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3821-3832. [PMID: 37421589 PMCID: PMC10777533 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of terminally differentiated plasma cells. MM remains incurable, but overall survival of patients has progressively increased over the past two decades largely due to novel agents such as proteasome inhibitors (PI) and the immunomodulatory agents. While these therapies are highly effective, MM patients can be de novo resistant and acquired resistance with prolonged treatment is inevitable. There is growing interest in early, accurate identification of responsive versus non-responsive patients; however, limited sample availability and need for rapid assays are limiting factors. Here, we test dry mass and volume as label-free biomarkers to monitor early response of MM cells to treatment with bortezomib, doxorubicin, and ultraviolet light. For the dry mass measurement, we use two types of phase-sensitive optical microscopy techniques: digital holographic tomography and computationally enhanced quantitative phase microscopy. We show that human MM cell lines (RPMI8226, MM.1S, KMS20, and AMO1) increase dry mass upon bortezomib treatment. This dry mass increase after bortezomib treatment occurs as early as 1 h for sensitive cells and 4 h for all tested cells. We further confirm this observation using primary multiple myeloma cells derived from patients and show that a correlation exists between increase in dry mass and sensitivity to bortezomib, supporting the use of dry mass as a biomarker. The volume measurement using Coulter counter shows a more complex behavior; RPMI8226 cells increase the volume at an early stage of apoptosis, but MM.1S cells show the volume decrease typically observed with apoptotic cells. Altogether, this cell study presents complex kinetics of dry mass and volume at an early stage of apoptosis, which may serve as a basis for the detection and treatment of MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria Moscvin
- Amyloidosis Program, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Seungeun Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- Amyloidosis Program, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benjamin Evans
- Amyloidosis Program, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sean M Rowell
- Department of Medical Oncology, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Omar Nadeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clifton C Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adam S Sperling
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Amyloidosis Program, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Yongjin Sung
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
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13
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Jahankhani K, Taghipour N, Mashhadi Rafiee M, Nikoonezhad M, Mehdizadeh M, Mosaffa N. Therapeutic effect of trace elements on multiple myeloma and mechanisms of cancer process. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113983. [PMID: 37567355 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In the human body, trace elements and other micronutrients play a vital role in growth, health and immune system function. The trace elements are Iron, Manganese, Copper, Iodine, Zinc, Cobalt, Fluoride, and Selenium. Estimating the serum levels of trace elements in hematologic malignancy patients can determine the severity of the tumor. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematopoietic malignancy and is characterized by plasma cell clonal expansion in bone marrow. Despite the advances in treatment methods, myeloma remains largely incurable. In addition to conventional medicine, treatment is moving toward less expensive noninvasive alternatives. One of the alternative treatments is the use of dietary supplements. In this review, we focused on the effect of three trace elements including iron, zinc and selenium on important mechanisms such as the immune system, oxidative and antioxidant factors and cell cycle. Using some trace minerals in combination with approved drugs can increase patients' recovery speed. Trace elements can be used as not only a preventive but also a therapeutic tool, especially in reducing inflammation in hematological cancers such as multiple myeloma. We hope that the prospect of the correct use of trace element supplements in the future could be promising for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Jahankhani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Nikoonezhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mehdizadeh
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Patiño-Escobar B, Talbot A, Wiita AP. Overcoming proteasome inhibitor resistance in the immunotherapy era. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:507-518. [PMID: 37344251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are a fascinating class of small molecules that disrupt protein homeostasis and are highly efficacious in the blood cancer multiple myeloma. However, PIs are not curative, and overcoming PI resistance to extend patient survival remains a major unmet need. Recent strategies to overcome PI resistance, including inhibiting alternative protein homeostasis pathways and targeting the mitochondrion as a nexus of metabolic adaptation to PIs, are gaining momentum. However, these focused approaches may be surpassed or even obviated by quickly emerging immunotherapy strategies that do not selectively target PI resistance mechanisms but are highly efficacious in PI-resistant disease, nonetheless. Informed by insights from these promising areas of research moving in parallel, we propose that pharmacological strategies to enforce immunotherapeutic vulnerabilities in resistant disease may provide a unified outlook to overcome PI resistance in a 'new era' of myeloma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonell Patiño-Escobar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Talbot
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arun P Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Ren L, Xu B, Xu J, Li J, Jiang J, Ren Y, Liu P. A Machine Learning Model to Predict Survival and Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076683. [PMID: 37047654 PMCID: PMC10095137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous hematologic tumor. Ubiquitin proteasome pathways (UPP) play a vital role in its initiation and development. We used cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) to select ubiquitin proteasome pathway associated genes (UPPGs) correlated with the overall survival (OS) of MM patients in a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, and we formed this into ubiquitin proteasome pathway risk score (UPPRS). The association between clinical outcomes and responses triggered by proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and UPPRS were evaluated. MMRF CoMMpass was used for validation. We applied machine learning algorithms to MM clinical and UPPRS in the whole cohort to make a prognostic nomogram. Single-cell data and vitro experiments were performed to unravel the mechanism and functions of UPPRS. UPPRS consisting of 9 genes showed a strong ability to predict OS in MM patients. Additionally, UPPRS can be used to sort out the patients who would gain more benefits from PIs. A machine learning model incorporating UPPRS and International Staging System (ISS) improved survival prediction in both datasets compared to the revisions of ISS. At the single-cell level, high-risk UPPRS myeloma cells exhibited increased cell adhesion. Targeted UPPGs effectively inhibited myeloma cells in vitro. The UPP genes risk score is a helpful tool for risk stratification in MM patients, particularly those treated with PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ren
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiadai Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jifeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Sbardella D, Tundo GR, Mecchia A, Palumbo C, Atzori MG, Levati L, Boccaccini A, Caccuri AM, Cascio P, Lacal PM, Graziani G, Varano M, Coletta M, Parravano M. A novel and atypical NF-KB pro-inflammatory program regulated by a CamKII-proteasome axis is involved in the early activation of Muller glia by high glucose. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:108. [PMID: 35842713 PMCID: PMC9287993 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes with a heavy impact on the quality of life of subjects and with a dramatic burden for health and economic systems on a global scale. Although the pathogenesis of DR is largely unknown, several preclinical data have pointed out to a main role of Muller glia (MG), a cell type which spans across the retina layers providing nourishment and support for Retina Ganglion Cells (RGCs), in sensing hyper-glycemia and in acquiring a pro-inflammatory polarization in response to this insult. Results By using a validated experimental model of DR in vitro, rMC1 cells challenged with high glucose, we uncovered the induction of an early (within minutes) and atypical Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) signalling pathway regulated by a calcium-dependent calmodulin kinase II (CamKII)-proteasome axis. Phosphorylation of proteasome subunit Rpt6 (at Serine 120) by CamKII stimulated the accelerated turnover of IkBα (i.e., the natural inhibitor of p65-50 transcription factor), regardless of the phosphorylation at Serine 32 which labels canonical NF-kB signalling. This event allowed the p65-p50 heterodimer to migrate into the nucleus and to induce transcription of IL-8, Il-1β and MCP-1. Pharmacological inhibition of CamKII as well as proteasome inhibition stopped this pro-inflammatory program, whereas introduction of a Rpt6 phospho-dead mutant (Rpt6-S120A) stimulated a paradoxical effect on NF-kB probably through the activation of a compensatory mechanism which may involve phosphorylation of 20S α4 subunit. Conclusions This study introduces a novel pathway of MG activation by high glucose and casts some light on the biological relevance of proteasome post-translational modifications in modulating pathways regulated through targeted proteolysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00839-x. High glucose quickly induces an atypical NF-kB pro-inflammatory program. CamKII phosphorylation of Rpt6 subunit of the proteasome stimulates IkBα turnover and p65-p50 release. Inhibition of either CamkII or proteasome blocks this pathway.
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17
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The deubiquitinase OTUD1 regulates immunoglobulin production and proteasome inhibitor sensitivity in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6820. [PMID: 36357400 PMCID: PMC9649770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) is the main diagnostic factor for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), however its prognostic potential remains unclear. On a large MM patient cohort (n = 4146), we observe no correlation between serum Ig levels and patient survival, while amount of intracellular Ig has a strong predictive effect. Focused CRISPR screen, transcriptional and proteomic analysis identify deubiquitinase OTUD1 as a critical mediator of Ig synthesis, proteasome inhibitor sensitivity and tumor burden in MM. Mechanistically, OTUD1 deubiquitinates peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4), protecting it from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. In turn, PRDX4 facilitates Ig production which coincides with the accumulation of unfolded proteins and higher ER stress. The elevated load on proteasome ultimately potentiates myeloma response to proteasome inhibitors providing a window for a rational therapy. Collectively, our findings support the significance of the Ig production machinery as a biomarker and target in the combinatory treatment of MM patients.
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18
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Sharma A, Nair R, Achreja A, Mittal A, Gupta P, Balakrishnan K, Edgar CL, Animasahun O, Dwivedi B, Barwick BG, Gupta VA, Matulis SM, Bhasin M, Lonial S, Nooka AK, Wiita AP, Boise LH, Nagrath D, Shanmugam M. Therapeutic implications of mitochondrial stress-induced proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5575. [PMID: 36170375 PMCID: PMC9519052 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The connections between metabolic state and therapy resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) are poorly understood. We previously reported that electron transport chain (ETC) suppression promotes sensitivity to the BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax. Here, we show that ETC suppression promotes resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Interrogation of ETC-suppressed MM reveals integrated stress response-dependent suppression of protein translation and ubiquitination, leading to PI resistance. ETC and protein translation gene expression signatures from the CoMMpass trial are down-regulated in patients with poor outcome and relapse, corroborating our in vitro findings. ETC-suppressed MM exhibits up-regulation of the cystine-glutamate antiporter SLC7A11, and analysis of patient single-cell RNA-seq shows that clusters with low ETC gene expression correlate with higher SLC7A11 expression. Furthermore, erastin or venetoclax treatment diminishes mitochondrial stress-induced PI resistance. In sum, our work demonstrates that mitochondrial stress promotes PI resistance and underscores the need for implementing combinatorial regimens in MM cognizant of mitochondrial metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Remya Nair
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anjali Mittal
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pulkit Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kamakshi Balakrishnan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claudia L. Edgar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olamide Animasahun
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Barwick
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vikas A. Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon M. Matulis
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ajay K. Nooka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arun P. Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Trudu M, Oliva L, Orfanelli U, Romano A, Di Raimondo F, Sanvito F, Ponzoni M, Cenci S. Preclinical evidence of a direct pro-survival role of arginine deprivation in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968208. [PMID: 36172163 PMCID: PMC9512038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma grows by establishing multiple interactions with bone marrow cells. These include expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which drive immunoevasion via mechanisms that include arginase-1-driven depletion of L-arginine, thus indirectly promoting myeloma cell survival and tumor progression. The peculiar biology of malignant plasma cells postulates that arginine depletion may benefit their fitness also directly, e.g., by engaging the integrated stress response, or by stimulating autophagy through mTORC1 inhibition. We thus investigated the direct impact of arginine deprivation on myeloma cells and challenged its pathophysiological relevance in vitro and in vivo. First, we found that partial arginine depletion spared proliferation of human multiple myeloma cells at concentrations that arrest human T cells. Next, we asked if arginine shortage activates putative adaptive pathways in myeloma cells. Low arginine failed to activate the integrated stress response, as indicated by unmodified phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, but sizably inhibited mTORC1, as revealed by reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Notably, depressed mTORC1 activity was not sufficient to increase autophagy, as assessed by the lysosomal digestion rate of the autophagosome-associated protein, LC3-II. Rather, it stimulated mTORC2, resulting in increased phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent AKT phosphorylation and activity, leading to heightened inhibitory phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic BAD protein. We then tested whether arginine depletion-activated AKT may protect malignant plasma cells from cell death. Indeed, culturing myeloma cells in low arginine medium significantly reduced the apoptotic effect of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, an outcome prevented by pharmacological inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we challenged the relevance of the identified circuit in vivo. To gauge the pathophysiologic relevance of low arginine to myeloma growth independently of immunoevasion, we xenotransplanted human myeloma cells subcutaneously into T cell-deficient Rag2–/–γc–/– recipient mice and treated palpable tumor-bearing mice with the clinical-grade arginase inhibitor CB1158. Arginase inhibition significantly raised serum arginine concentration, reduced tumor growth by caliper assessment, and decreased intra-tumor AKT phosphorylation in vivo. Altogether, our results reveal a novel direct pro-survival effect of arginine deprivation on myeloma cells, with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Trudu
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Oliva
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ugo Orfanelli
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simone Cenci,
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20
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Johnstone M, Vinaixa D, Turi M, Morelli E, Anderson KC, Gulla A. Promises and Challenges of Immunogenic Chemotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162519. [PMID: 36010596 PMCID: PMC9406519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological tolerance of myeloma cells represents a critical obstacle in achieving long-term disease-free survival for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Over the past two decades, remarkable preclinical efforts to understand MM biology have led to the clinical approval of several targeted and immunotherapeutic agents. Among them, it is now clear that chemotherapy can also make cancer cells “visible” to the immune system and thus reactivate anti-tumor immunity. This knowledge represents an important resource in the treatment paradigm of MM, whereas immune dysfunction constitutes a clear obstacle to the cure of the disease. In this review, we highlight the importance of defining the immunological effects of chemotherapy in MM with the goal of enhancing the clinical management of patients. This area of investigation will open new avenues of research to identify novel immunogenic anti-MM agents and inform the optimal integration of chemotherapy with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Johnstone
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Delaney Vinaixa
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marcello Turi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (K.C.A.); (A.G.); Tel.: +1-617-632-2144 (K.C.A.); +1-617-632-6638 (A.G.); Fax: +1-617-632-2140 (K.C.A. & A.G.)
| | - Annamaria Gulla
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (K.C.A.); (A.G.); Tel.: +1-617-632-2144 (K.C.A.); +1-617-632-6638 (A.G.); Fax: +1-617-632-2140 (K.C.A. & A.G.)
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21
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Downey-Kopyscinski SL, Srinivasa S, Kisselev AF. A clinically relevant pulse treatment generates a bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell line that lacks proteasome mutations and is sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12788. [PMID: 35896610 PMCID: PMC9329464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib are the backbones of treatments of multiple myeloma, which remains incurable despite many recent advances. With many patients relapsing despite high initial response rates to proteasome inhibitor-containing regimens, it is critical to understand the process of acquired resistance. In vitro generated resistant cell lines are important tools in this process. The majority of previously developed bortezomib-resistant cell lines bear mutations in the proteasome PSMB5 sites, the prime target of bortezomib and carfilzomib, which are rarely observed in patients. Here we present a novel bortezomib-resistant derivative of the KMS-12-BM multiple myeloma cell line, KMS-12-BM-BPR. Unlike previously published bortezomib-resistant cell lines, it was created using clinically relevant twice-weekly pulse treatments with bortezomib instead of continuous incubation. It does not contain mutations in the PSMB5 site and retains its sensitivity to carfilzomib. Reduced load on proteasome due to decreased protein synthesis appears to be the main cause of resistance. In addition, KMS-12-BM-BPR cells are more sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of creating a proteasome inhibitor resistant myeloma cell lines by using clinically relevant pulse treatments and provides a novel model of acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondra L Downey-Kopyscinski
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- SLDK-Rancho Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sriraja Srinivasa
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, PRB, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alexei F Kisselev
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, PRB, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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22
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The aspartyl protease DDI2 drives adaptation to proteasome inhibition in multiple myeloma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:475. [PMID: 35589686 PMCID: PMC9120136 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, are first-line therapy against multiple myeloma (MM). Unfortunately, patients frequently become refractory to this treatment. The transcription factor NRF1 has been proposed to initiate an adaptation program that regulates proteasome levels. In the context of proteasome inhibition, the cytosolic protease DDI2 cleaves NRF1 to release an active fragment that translocates to the nucleus to promote the transcription of new proteasome subunits. However, the contribution of the DDI2-NRF1 pathway to bortezomib resistance is poorly understood. Here we show that upon prolonged bortezomib treatment, MM cells become resistant to proteasome inhibition by increasing the expression of DDI2 and consequently activation of NRF1. Furthermore, we found that many MM cells became more sensitive to proteasome impairment in the context of DDI2 deficiency. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that both the protease and the HDD domains of DDI2 are required to activate NRF1. Finally, we show that partial inhibition of the DDI2-protease domain with the antiviral drug nelfinavir increased bortezomib susceptibility in treated MM cells. Altogether, these findings define the DDI2-NRF1 pathway as an essential program contributing to proteasome inhibition responses and identifying DDI2 domains that could be targets of interest in bortezomib-treated MM patients.
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23
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Yu Z, Wei X, Liu L, Sun H, Fang T, Wang L, Li Y, Sui W, Wang K, He Y, Zhao Y, Huang W, An G, Meng F, Huang C, Yu T, Anderson KC, Cheng T, Qiu L, Hao M. Indirubin-3'-monoxime acts as proteasome inhibitor: Therapeutic application in multiple myeloma. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103950. [PMID: 35344764 PMCID: PMC8958548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) work as the backbone agent and have greatly improved the outcome in majority of newly diagnosed patients with myeloma. However, drug resistance remains the major obstacle causing treatment failure in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the effects of Indirubin-3'-monoxime (I3MO), one of the derivatives of Indirubin, in the treatment of MM. METHODS MM patient primary samples and human cell lines were examined. I3MO effects on myeloma treatment and the underling molecular mechanisms were investigated via in vivo and in vitro study. FINDINGS Our results demonstrated the anti-MM activity of I3MO in both drug- sensitive and -resistance MM cells. I3MO sensitizes MM cells to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, I3MO acts as a multifaceted regulator of cell death, which induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and abrogates NF-κB activation. I3MO efficiently down-regulated USP7 expression, promoted NEK2 degradation, and suppressed NF-κB signaling in MM. Our study reported that I3MO directly bound with and caused the down-regulation of PA28γ (PSME3), and PA200 (PSME4), the proteasome activators. Knockdown of PSME3 or PSME4 caused the inhibition of proteasome capacity and the overload of paraprotein, which sensitizes MM cells to bortezomib-mediated growth arrest. Clinical data demonstrated that PSME3 and PSME4 are over-expressed in relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) and associated with inferior outcome. INTERPRETATION Altogether, our study indicates that I3MO is agent triggering proteasome inhibition and represents a promising therapeutic strategy to improve patient outcome in MM. FUNDINGS A full list of funding can be found in the acknowledgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Lanting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Teng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Weiwei Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Kefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Yaozhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Wenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Fancui Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300301, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300301, PR China
| | - Changjiang Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300301, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300301, PR China
| | - Tengteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China.
| | - Mu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Hai he Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, PR China.
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24
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NEDD4L binds the proteasome and promotes autophagy and bortezomib sensitivity in multiple myeloma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:197. [PMID: 35236820 PMCID: PMC8891287 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell cancer characterized by abnormal secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins. The molecular mechanism that regulates the drug sensitivity of MM cells is being intensively studied. Here, we report an unexpected finding that the protein encoded by neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4L (NEDD4L), which is a HECT E3 ligase, binds the 19S proteasome, limiting its proteolytic function and enhancing autophagy. Suppression of NEDD4L expression reduced bortezomib (Bor) sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, mainly through autophagy inhibition mediated by low NEDD4L expression, which was rescued by an autophagy activator. Clinically, elevated expression of NEDD4L is associated with a considerably increased probability of responding to Bor, a prolonged response duration, and improved overall prognosis, supporting both the use of NEDD4L as a biomarker to identify patients most likely to benefit from Bor and the regulation of NEDD4L as a new approach in myeloma therapy.
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25
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Kundu S, Jha SB, Rivera AP, Flores Monar GV, Islam H, Puttagunta SM, Islam R, Sange I. Multiple Myeloma and Renal Failure: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management. Cureus 2022; 14:e22585. [PMID: 35371791 PMCID: PMC8958144 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Wang Q, Lin Z, Wang Z, Ye L, Xian M, Xiao L, Su P, Bi E, Huang YH, Qian J, Liu L, Ma X, Yang M, Xiong W, Zu Y, Pingali SR, Xu B, Yi Q. RARγ activation sensitizes human myeloma cells to carfilzomib treatment through the OAS-RNase L innate immune pathway. Blood 2022; 139:59-72. [PMID: 34411225 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) such as bortezomib (Btz) and carfilzomib (Cfz) are highly efficacious for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, relapses are frequent, and acquired resistance to PI treatment emerges in most patients. Here, we performed a high-throughput screen of 1855 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and identified all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which alone has no antimyeloma effect, as a potent drug that enhanced MM sensitivity to Cfz-induced cytotoxicity and resensitized Cfz-resistant MM cells to Cfz in vitro. ATRA activated retinoic acid receptor (RAR)γ and interferon-β response pathway, leading to upregulated expression of IRF1. IRF1 in turn initiated the transcription of OAS1, which synthesized 2-5A upon binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induced by Cfz and resulted in cellular RNA degradation by RNase L and cell death. Similar to ATRA, BMS961, a selective RARγ agonist, could also (re)sensitize MM cells to Cfz in vitro, and both ATRA and BMS961 significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of Cfz in established MM in vivo. In support of these findings, analyses of large datasets of patients' gene profiling showed a strong and positive correlation between RARγ and OAS1 expression and patient's response to PI treatment. Thus, this study highlights the potential for RARγ agonists to sensitize and overcome MM resistance to Cfz treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingqun Ye
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Miao Xian
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Pan Su
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Enguang Bi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Yung-Hsing Huang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianfei Qian
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Lintao Liu
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Xingzhe Ma
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Maojie Yang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Sai Ravi Pingali
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
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27
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Kisselev AF. Site-Specific Proteasome Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 35053202 PMCID: PMC8773591 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome is a multi-subunit protein degradation machine, which plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis and, through degradation of regulatory proteins, in the regulation of numerous cell functions. Proteasome inhibitors are essential tools for biomedical research. Three proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib are approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma; another inhibitor, marizomib, is undergoing clinical trials. The proteolytic core of the proteasome has three pairs of active sites, β5, β2, and β1. All clinical inhibitors and inhibitors that are widely used as research tools (e.g., epoxomicin, MG-132) inhibit multiple active sites and have been extensively reviewed in the past. In the past decade, highly specific inhibitors of individual active sites and the distinct active sites of the lymphoid tissue-specific immunoproteasome have been developed. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these site-specific inhibitors of mammalian proteasomes and describe their utilization in the studies of the biology of the active sites and their roles as drug targets for the treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei F Kisselev
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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28
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Botrugno OA, Tonon G. Genomic Instability and Replicative Stress in Multiple Myeloma: The Final Curtain? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010025. [PMID: 35008191 PMCID: PMC8750813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genomic instability is recognized as a driving force in most cancers as well as in the haematological cancer multiple myeloma and remains among the leading cause of drug resistance. Several evidences suggest that replicative stress exerts a fundamental role in fuelling genomic instability. Notably, cancer cells rely on a single protein, ATR, to cope with the ensuing DNA damage. In this perspective, we provide an overview depicting how replicative stress represents an Achilles heel for multiple myeloma, which could be therapeutically exploited either alone or in combinatorial regimens to preferentially ablate tumor cells. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous hematological cancer that remains incurable despite the introduction of novel therapies in the clinic. Sadly, despite efforts spanning several decades, genomic analysis has failed to identify shared genetic aberrations that could be targeted in this disease. Seeking alternative strategies, various efforts have attempted to target and exploit non-oncogene addictions of MM cells, including, for example, proteasome inhibitors. The surprising finding that MM cells present rampant genomic instability has ignited concerted efforts to understand its origin and exploit it for therapeutic purposes. A credible hypothesis, supported by several lines of evidence, suggests that at the root of this phenotype there is intense replicative stress. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of replicative stress in eliciting genomic instability in MM and how MM cells rely on a single protein, Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein, ATR, to control and survive the ensuing, potentially fatal DNA damage. From this perspective, replicative stress per se represents not only an opportunity for MM cells to increase their evolutionary pool by increasing their genomic heterogeneity, but also a vulnerability that could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes to selectively target MM tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oronza A. Botrugno
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.B.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-6661 (O.A.B.); +39-02-2643-5624 (G.T.); Fax: +39-02-2643-6352 (O.A.B. & G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.B.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-6661 (O.A.B.); +39-02-2643-5624 (G.T.); Fax: +39-02-2643-6352 (O.A.B. & G.T.)
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29
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Moscvin M, Ho M, Bianchi G. Overcoming drug resistance by targeting protein homeostasis in multiple myeloma. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:1028-1046. [PMID: 35265794 PMCID: PMC8903187 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder typically characterized by abundant synthesis of clonal immunoglobulin or free light chains. Although incurable, a deeper understanding of MM pathobiology has fueled major therapeutical advances over the past two decades, significantly improving patient outcomes. Proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies are among the most effective anti-MM drugs, targeting not only the cancerous cells, but also the bone marrow microenvironment. However, de novo resistance has been reported, and acquired resistance is inevitable for most patients over time, leading to relapsed/refractory disease and poor outcomes. Sustained protein synthesis coupled with impaired/insufficient proteolytic mechanisms makes MM cells exquisitely sensitive to perturbations in protein homeostasis, offering us the opportunity to target this intrinsic vulnerability for therapeutic purposes. This review highlights the scientific rationale for the clinical use of FDA-approved and investigational agents targeting protein homeostasis in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moscvin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Ho
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 240010, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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George DE, Tepe JJ. Advances in Proteasome Enhancement by Small Molecules. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1789. [PMID: 34944433 PMCID: PMC8699248 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome system is a large and complex molecular machinery responsible for the degradation of misfolded, damaged, and redundant cellular proteins. When proteasome function is impaired, unwanted proteins accumulate, which can lead to several diseases including age-related and neurodegenerative diseases. Enhancing proteasome-mediated substrate degradation with small molecules may therefore be a valuable strategy for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review, we discuss the structure of proteasome and how proteasome's proteolytic activity is associated with aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize various classes of compounds that are capable of enhancing, directly or indirectly, proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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31
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Bianchi G, Zhang Y, Comenzo RL. AL Amyloidosis: Current Chemotherapy and Immune Therapy Treatment Strategies: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review. JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY 2021; 3:467-487. [PMID: 34729520 PMCID: PMC8543128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is an incurable plasma cell disorder characterized by deposition of fibrils of misfolded immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) in target organs, leading to failure. Cardiac involvement is common in AL amyloidosis and represents the single most adverse prognostic feature. A high index of clinical suspicion with rapid tissue diagnosis and commencement of combinatorial, highly effective cytoreductive therapy is crucial to arrest the process of amyloid deposition and preserve organ function. The clinical use of molecularly targeted drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents, monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab, and risk-adjusted autologous stem cell transplant in eligible patients, has radically changed the natural history of AL amyloidosis. Here, we review the state-of-the-art treatment landscape in AL amyloidosis with an eye toward future therapeutic venues to impact the outcome of this devastating illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchi
- Amyloidosis Program, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yifei Zhang
- John C Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program, Tufts Medical Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond L Comenzo
- John C Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program, Tufts Medical Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Multiple Myeloma Cells Depend on the DDI2/NRF1-mediated Proteasome Stress Response for Survival. Blood Adv 2021; 6:429-440. [PMID: 34649278 PMCID: PMC8791580 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) cells suffer from baseline proteotoxicity due to an imbalance between the load of misfolded proteins awaiting proteolysis and the capacity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade them. This intrinsic vulnerability is at the base of MM sensitivity to agents that perturb proteostasis such as proteasome inhibitors (PIs), the mainstay of modern-day myeloma therapy. De-novo and acquired PI resistance are important clinical limitations, adversely affecting prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underpinning PI resistance are only partially understood, limiting the development of drugs that can overcome it. The transcription factor NRF1 is activated by the aspartic protease DDI2 upon proteasome insufficiency and governs proteasome biogenesis. In this work, we show that MM cells exhibit baseline NRF1 activation and are dependent upon DDI2 for survival. DDI2 knock out (KO) is cytotoxic for MM cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Protein structure-function studies show that DDI2 KO blocks NRF1 cleavage and nuclear translocation, causing impaired proteasome activity recovery upon irreversible proteasome inhibition, thereby increasing sensitivity to PI. Add-back of wild-type, but not of catalytically-dead DDI2, fully rescues these phenotypes. We propose that DDI2 is an unexplored, promising molecular target in MM by disrupting the proteasome stress response and exacerbating proteotoxicity.
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33
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Gulla A, Morelli E, Samur MK, Botta C, Hideshima T, Bianchi G, Fulciniti M, Malvestiti S, Prabhala RH, Talluri S, Wen K, Tai YT, Richardson PG, Chauhan D, Sewastianik T, Carrasco RD, Munshi NC, Anderson KC. Bortezomib induces anti-multiple myeloma immune response mediated by cGAS/STING pathway activation. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:468-483. [PMID: 34568832 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has transformed patient outcome. Using in vitro as well as in vivo immunodeficient and immunocompetent murine MM models, we here show that bortezomib also triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD) characterized by exposure of calreticulin on dying MM cells, phagocytosis of tumor cells by dendritic cells, and induction of MM specific immunity. We identify a bortezomib-triggered specific ICD-gene signature associated with better outcome in two independent MM patient cohorts. Importantly, bortezomib stimulates MM cells immunogenicity via activation of cGAS/STING pathway and production of type-I interferons; and STING agonists significantly potentiate bortezomib-induced ICD. Our studies therefore delineate mechanisms whereby bortezomib exerts immunotherapeutic activity, and provide the framework for clinical trials of STING agonists with bortezomib to induce potent tumor-specific immunity and improve patient outcome in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Gulla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mehmet K Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Oncohematology, "Annunziata" Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stefano Malvestiti
- Freiburg University Hospital, Department of Pediatric hematology and Oncology, Germany
| | - Rao H Prabhala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Ryan A, Liu J, Deiters A. Targeted Protein Degradation through Fast Optogenetic Activation and Its Application to the Control of Cell Signaling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9222-9229. [PMID: 34121391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of methodologies for optically triggered protein degradation enables the study of dynamic protein functions, such as those involved in cell signaling, that are difficult to be probed with traditional genetic techniques. Here, we describe the design and implementation of a novel light-controlled peptide degron conferring N-end pathway degradation to its protein target. The degron comprises a photocaged N-terminal amino acid and a lysine-rich, 13-residue linker. By caging the N-terminal residue, we were able to optically control N-degron recognition by an E3 ligase, consequently controlling ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the target protein. We demonstrate broad applicability by applying this approach to a diverse set of target proteins, including EGFP, firefly luciferase, the kinase MEK1, and the phosphatase DUSP6 (also known as MKP3). The caged degron can be used with minimal protein engineering and provides virtually complete, light-triggered protein degradation on a second to minute time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jihe Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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35
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MIF as a biomarker and therapeutic target for overcoming resistance to proteasome inhibitors in human myeloma. Blood 2021; 136:2557-2573. [PMID: 32582913 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains largely incurable despite significant advances in biotherapy and chemotherapy. The development of drug resistance is a major problem in MM management. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression was significantly higher in purified MM cells from relapsed patients than those with sustained response, and MM patients with high MIF had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). MM cell lines also express high levels of MIF, and knocking out MIF made them more sensitive to proteasome inhibitor (PI)-induced apoptosis not observed with other chemotherapy drugs. Mechanistic studies showed that MIF protects MM cells from PI-induced apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial function via suppression of superoxide production in response to PIs. Specifically, MIF, in the form of a homotrimer, acts as a chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) to suppress PI-induced SOD1 misfolding and to maintain SOD1 activity. MIF inhibitor 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine and homotrimer disrupter ebselen, which do not kill MM cells, enhanced PI-induced SOD1 misfolding and loss of function, resulting in significantly more cell death in both cell lines and primary MM cells. More importantly, inhibiting MIF activity in vivo displayed synergistic antitumor activity with PIs and resensitized PI-resistant MM cells to treatment. In support of these findings, gene-profiling data showed a significantly negative correlation between MIF and SOD1 expression and response to PI treatment in patients with MM. This study shows that MIF plays a crucial role in MM sensitivity to PIs and suggests that targeting MIF may be a promising strategy to (re)sensitize MM to the treatment.
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36
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Xiong S, Chng WJ, Zhou J. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a dynamic duo in multiple myeloma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3883-3906. [PMID: 33599798 PMCID: PMC8106603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological and pathological conditions, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to deal with the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy arising from immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. MM cells are subject to continual ER stress and highly dependent on the UPR signaling activation due to overproduction of paraproteins. Mounting evidence suggests the close linkage between ER stress and oxidative stress, demonstrated by overlapping signaling pathways and inter-organelle communication pivotal to cell fate decision. Imbalance of intracellular homeostasis can lead to deranged control of cellular functions and engage apoptosis due to mutual activation between ER stress and reactive oxygen species generation through a self-perpetuating cycle. Here, we present accumulating evidence showing the interactive roles of redox homeostasis and proteostasis in MM pathogenesis and drug resistance, which would be helpful in elucidating the still underdefined molecular pathways linking ER stress and oxidative stress in MM. Lastly, we highlight future research directions in the development of anti-myeloma therapy, focusing particularly on targeting redox signaling and ER stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.
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37
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YWHAE/14-3-3ε expression impacts the protein load, contributing to proteasome inhibitor sensitivity in multiple myeloma. Blood 2021; 136:468-479. [PMID: 32187357 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High protein load is a feature of multiple myeloma (MM), making the disease exquisitely sensitive to proteasome inhibitor (PIs). Despite the success of PIs in improving patient outcome, the majority of patients develop resistance leading to progressive disease; thus, the need to investigate the mechanisms driving the drug sensitivity vs resistance. With the well-recognized chaperone function of 14-3-3 proteins, we evaluated their role in affecting proteasome activity and sensitivity to PIs by correlating expression of individual 14-3-3 gene and their sensitivity to PIs (bortezomib and carfilzomib) across a large panel of MM cell lines. We observed a significant positive correlation between 14-3-3ε expression and PI response in addition to a role for 14-3-3ε in promoting translation initiation and protein synthesis in MM cells through binding and inhibition of the TSC1/TSC2 complex, as well as directly interacting with and promoting phosphorylation of mTORC1. 14-3-3ε depletion caused up to a 50% reduction in protein synthesis, including a decrease in the intracellular abundance and secretion of the light chains in MM cells, whereas 14-3-3ε overexpression or addback in knockout cells resulted in a marked upregulation of protein synthesis and protein load. Importantly, the correlation among 14-3-3ε expression, PI sensitivity, and protein load was observed in primary MM cells from 2 independent data sets, and its lower expression was associated with poor outcome in patients with MM receiving a bortezomib-based therapy. Altogether, these observations suggest that 14-3-3ε is a predictor of clinical outcome and may serve as a potential target to modulate PI sensitivity in MM.
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38
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Yamamoto L, Amodio N, Gulla A, Anderson KC. Harnessing the Immune System Against Multiple Myeloma: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606368. [PMID: 33585226 PMCID: PMC7873734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells that grow within a permissive bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). The bone marrow milieu supports the malignant transformation both by promoting uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to cell death in MM cells, and by hampering the immune response against the tumor clone. Hence, it is expected that restoring host anti-MM immunity may provide therapeutic benefit for MM patients. Already several immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promising results in the clinical setting. In this review, we outline recent findings demonstrating the potential advantages of targeting the immunosuppressive bone marrow niche to restore effective anti-MM immunity. We discuss different approaches aiming to boost the effector function of T cells and/or exploit innate or adaptive immunity, and highlight novel therapeutic opportunities to increase the immunogenicity of the MM clone. We also discuss the main challenges that hamper the efficacy of immune-based approaches, including intrinsic resistance of MM cells to activated immune-effectors, as well as the protective role of the immune-suppressive and inflammatory bone marrow milieu. Targeting mechanisms to convert the immunologically “cold” to “hot” MM BMM may induce durable immune responses, which in turn may result in long-lasting clinical benefit, even in patient subgroups with high-risk features and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Yamamoto
- Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Gulla
- Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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39
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Fontana F, Scott MJ, Allen JS, Yang X, Cui G, Pan D, Yanaba N, Fiala MA, O'Neal J, Schmieder-Atteberry AH, Ritchey J, Rettig M, Simons K, Fletcher S, Vij R, DiPersio JF, Lanza GM. VLA4-Targeted Nanoparticles Hijack Cell Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance to Target Refractory Myeloma Cells and Prolong Survival. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1974-1986. [PMID: 33355244 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In multiple myeloma, drug-resistant cells underlie relapse or progression following chemotherapy. Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) is an established mechanism used by myeloma cells (MMC) to survive chemotherapy and its markers are upregulated in residual disease. The integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA4; α4β1) is a key mediator of CAM-DR and its expression affects drug sensitivity of MMCs. Rather than trying to inhibit its function, here, we hypothesized that upregulation of VLA4 by resistant MMCs could be exploited for targeted delivery of drugs, which would improve safety and efficacy of treatments. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We synthetized 20 nm VLA4-targeted micellar nanoparticles (V-NP) carrying DiI for tracing or a novel camptothecin prodrug (V-CP). Human or murine MMCs, alone or with stroma, and immunocompetent mice with orthotopic multiple myeloma were used to track delivery of NPs and response to treatments. RESULTS V-NPs selectively delivered their payload to MMCs in vitro and in vivo, and chemotherapy increased their uptake by surviving MMCs. V-CP, alone or in combination with melphalan, was well tolerated and prolonged survival in myeloma-bearing mice. V-CP also reduced the dose requirement for melphalan, reducing tumor burden in association with suboptimal dosing without increasing overall toxicity. CONCLUSIONS V-CP may be a safe and effective strategy to prevent or treat relapsing or refractory myeloma. V-NP targeting of resistant cells may suggest a new approach to environment-induced resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fontana
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. .,Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael J Scott
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John S Allen
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grace Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noriko Yanaba
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark A Fiala
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julie O'Neal
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Julie Ritchey
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Rettig
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kathleen Simons
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, New York
| | - Steven Fletcher
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ravi Vij
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John F DiPersio
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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40
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Gu Y, Barwick BG, Shanmugam M, Hofmeister CC, Kaufman J, Nooka A, Gupta V, Dhodapkar M, Boise LH, Lonial S. Downregulation of PA28α induces proteasome remodeling and results in resistance to proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:125. [PMID: 33318477 PMCID: PMC7736847 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is critical for maintaining eukaryotic cell function as well as responses to intrinsic and extrinsic stress. The proteasome is a major portion of the proteolytic machinery in mammalian cells and plays an important role in protein homeostasis. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with high production of immunoglobulins and is especially sensitive to treatments that impact protein catabolism. Therapeutic agents such as proteasome inhibitors have demonstrated significant benefit for myeloma patients in all treatment phases. Here, we demonstrate that the 11S proteasome activator PA28α is upregulated in MM cells and is key for myeloma cell growth and proliferation. PA28α also regulates MM cell sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors. Downregulation of PA28α inhibits both proteasomal load and activity, resulting in a change in protein homeostasis less dependent on the proteasome and leads to cell resistance to proteasome inhibitors. Thus, our findings suggest an important role of PA28α in MM biology, and also provides a new approach for targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system and ultimately sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Gu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Benjamin G Barwick
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaufman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ajay Nooka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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41
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Nadeem O, Tai YT, Anderson KC. Immunotherapeutic and Targeted Approaches in Multiple Myeloma. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:201-215. [PMID: 33117743 PMCID: PMC7569026 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s240886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple myeloma (MM) therapeutic landscape has evolved significantly with the approval of numerous novel agents, including next generation proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory agents (IMIDs), and monoclonal antibodies (MoABs) targeting CD38 and SLAMF7. While these discoveries have led to an unprecedented improval in patient outcomes, the disease still remains incurable. Immunotherapeutic approaches have shown substantial promise in recent studies of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy, bispecific antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). This review will highlight these novel and targeted therapies in MM, with particular focus on PIs, IMIDs, MoAb and BCMA-directed immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Nadeem
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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42
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Gulla' A, Anderson KC. Multiple myeloma: the (r)evolution of current therapy and a glance into future. Haematologica 2020; 105:2358-2367. [PMID: 33054076 PMCID: PMC7556665 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.247015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the regulatory approval of several novel agents to treat multiple myeloma (MM) has prolonged median patient survival from 3 to 8-10 years. Increased understanding of MM biology has translated to advances in diagnosis, prognosis, and response assessment, as well as informed the development of targeted and immune agents. Here we provide an overview of the recent progress in MM, and highlight research areas of greatest promise to further improve patient outcome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ribeiro GH, Guedes APM, de Oliveira TD, de Correia CRSTB, Colina-Vegas L, Lima MA, Nóbrega JA, Cominetti MR, Rocha FV, Ferreira AG, Castellano EE, Teixeira FR, Batista AA. Ruthenium(II) Phosphine/Mercapto Complexes: Their in Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Actions as Inhibitors of Topoisomerase and Proteasome Acting as Possible Triggers of Cell Death Induction. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15004-15018. [PMID: 32997499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of new ruthenium complexes of the general formula [Ru(NS)(dpphpy)(dppb)]PF6 (Ru1-Ru3), where dpphpy = diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine, NS ligands = 2-thiazoline-2-thiol (tzdt, Ru1), 2-mercaptopyrimidine (pySm, Ru2), and 4,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine (damp, Ru3), and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV/visible, and 1D and 2D NMR), and X-ray diffraction. In the characterization, the correlation between the phosphorus atoms and their respective aromatic hydrogen atoms of the compounds in the assignment stands outs, by 1H-31P HMBC experiments. The compounds show anticancer activities against A549 (lung) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cell lines, higher than the clinical drug cisplatin. All of the complexes are more cytotoxic against the cancer cell lines than against the MRC-5 (lung) and MCF-10A (breast) nontumorigenic human cell lines. For A549 tumor cells, cell cycle analysis upon treatment with Ru2 showed that it inhibits the mitotic phase because arrest was observed in the Sub-G1 phase. Additionally, the compound induces cell death by an apoptotic pathway in a dose-dependent manner, according to annexin V-PE assay. The multitargeted character of the compounds was investigated, and the biomolecules were DNA, topoisomerase IB, and proteasome, as well as the fundamental biomolecule in the pharmacokinetics of drugs, human serum albumin. The experimental results indicate that the complexes do not target DNA in the cells. At low concentrations, the compounds showed the ability to partially inhibit the catalytic activity of topoisomerase IB in the process of relaxation of the DNA plasmid. Among the complexes assayed in cultured cells, complex Ru3 was able to diminish the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity to a greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel H Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana P M Guedes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamires D de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila R S T B de Correia
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Legna Colina-Vegas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauro A Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquim A Nóbrega
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Cominetti
- Departamento de Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fillipe V Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo E Castellano
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Teixeira
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bianchi G, Kumar S. Systemic Amyloidosis Due to Clonal Plasma Cell Diseases. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2020; 34:1009-1026. [PMID: 33099420 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is the most common systemic amyloidosis. The pathogenetic mechanism is deposition of fibrils of misfolded immunoglobulin free light chains, more often lambda, typically produced by clonal plasma cells. Distinct Ig light chain variable region genotypes underlie most light chain amyloidosis and dictate tissue tropism. Light chain amyloidosis fibrils cause distortion of the histologic architecture and direct cytotoxicity, leading to rapidly progressive organ dysfunction and eventually patient demise. A high index of clinical suspicion with rapid tissue diagnosis and commencement of combinatorial, highly effective cytoreductive therapy is crucial to avoid irreversible organ damage and early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Myeloma, Amyloidosis, Dysproteinemia Group, Mayo Clinic, First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55904, USA.
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Multiple myeloma cells are exceptionally sensitive to heat shock, which overwhelms their proteostasis network and induces apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21588-21597. [PMID: 32817432 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001323117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib (BTZ), are highly effective and widely used treatments for multiple myeloma. One proposed reason for myeloma cells' exceptional sensitivity to proteasome inhibition is that they produce and continually degrade unusually large amounts of abnormal immunoglobulins. We, therefore, hypothesized that, heat shock may also be especially toxic to myeloma cells by causing protein unfolding, increasing further the substrate load on proteasomes, and, thus, putting further stress on their capacity for protein homeostasis. After a shift from 37 to 43 °C, all four myeloma lines studied underwent extensive apoptosis in 4 h, unlike 13 nonmyeloma cell lines, even though the myeloma cells induced heat-shock proteins and increased protein degradation similar to other cells. Furthermore, two myeloma lines resistant to proteasome inhibitors were also more resistant to 43 °C. Shifting myeloma cells to 43, 41, or 39 °C (which was not cytotoxic) dramatically increased their killing by proteasome inhibitors and inhibitors of ubiquitination or p97/VCP. Combining increased temperature with BTZ increased the accumulation of misfolded proteins and substrate load on the 26S proteasome. The apoptosis seen at 43 °C and at 39 °C with BTZ was mediated by caspase-9 and was linked to an accumulation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2-family member Noxa. Thus, myeloma cells are exceptionally sensitive to increased temperatures, which greatly increase substrate load on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and eventually activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Consequently, for myeloma, mild hyperthermia may be a beneficial approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of proteasome inhibitors.
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Targeting a helix-in-groove interaction between E1 and E2 blocks ubiquitin transfer. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1218-1226. [PMID: 32807965 PMCID: PMC7904387 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a highly regulated protein disposal process critical to cell survival. Inhibiting the pathway induces proteotoxic stress and can be an effective cancer treatment. The therapeutic window observed upon proteasomal blockade has motivated multiple UPS-targeting strategies, including preventing ubiquitination altogether. E1 initiates the cascade by transferring ubiquitin to E2 enzymes. A small molecule that engages the E1 ATP-binding site and derivatizes ubiquitin disrupts enzymatic activity and kills cancer cells. However, binding-site mutations cause resistance, motivating alternative approaches to block this promising target. We identified an interaction between the E2 N-terminal alpha-1 helix and a pocket within the E1 ubiquitin-fold domain as a potentially druggable site. Stapled peptides modeled after the E2 alpha-1 helix bound to the E1 groove, induced a consequential conformational change and inhibited E1 ubiquitin thiotransfer, disrupting E2 ubiquitin charging and ubiquitination of cellular proteins. Thus, we provide a blueprint for a distinct E1-targeting strategy to treat cancer.
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Wong AHH, Shin EM, Tergaonkar V, Chng WJ. Targeting NF-κB Signaling for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082203. [PMID: 32781681 PMCID: PMC7463546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the world. Even though survival rates have significantly risen over the past years, MM remains incurable, and is also far from reaching the point of being managed as a chronic disease. This paper reviews the evolution of MM therapies, focusing on anti-MM drugs that target the molecular mechanisms of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. We also provide our perspectives on contemporary research findings and insights for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Hang-Heng Wong
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.M.S.); (V.T.)
- AW Medical Company Limited, Macau, China
- Correspondence: (A.H.-H.W.); (W.-J.C.); Tel.: +65-6586-9709 (A.H.-H.W.); +65-6772-4612 (W.-J.C.)
| | - Eun Myoung Shin
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.M.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.M.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.H.-H.W.); (W.-J.C.); Tel.: +65-6586-9709 (A.H.-H.W.); +65-6772-4612 (W.-J.C.)
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Activating KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutants enhance proteasome capacity and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress in multiple myeloma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20004-20014. [PMID: 32747568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005052117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations which activate p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling are found in half of myeloma patients and contribute to proteasome inhibitor (PI) resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We established myeloma cell lines expressing wild-type (WT), constitutively active (CA) (G12V/G13D/Q61H), or dominant-negative (DN) (S17N)-KRAS and -NRAS, or BRAF-V600E. Cells expressing CA mutants showed increased proteasome maturation protein (POMP) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) expression. This correlated with an increase in catalytically active proteasome subunit β (PSMB)-8, PSMB9, and PSMB10, which occurred in an ETS transcription factor-dependent manner. Proteasome chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and caspase-like activities were increased, and this enhanced capacity reduced PI sensitivity, while DN-KRAS and DN-NRAS did the opposite. Pharmacologic RAF or MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitors decreased proteasome activity, and sensitized myeloma cells to PIs. CA-KRAS, CA-NRAS, and CA-BRAF down-regulated expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, and reduced unfolded protein response activation, while DN mutations increased both. Finally, a bortezomib (BTZ)/MEK inhibitor combination showed enhanced activity in vivo specifically in CA-NRAS models. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that activating MAPK pathway mutations enhance PI resistance by increasing proteasome capacity, and provide a rationale for targeting such patients with PI/RAF or PI/MEK inhibitor combinations. Moreover, they argue these mutations promote myeloma survival by reducing cellular stress, thereby distancing plasma cells from the apoptotic threshold, potentially explaining their high frequency in myeloma.
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Iron Causes Lipid Oxidation and Inhibits Proteasome Function in Multiple Myeloma Cells: A Proof of Concept for Novel Combination Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040970. [PMID: 32295216 PMCID: PMC7226326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to import iron for proliferation makes cancer cells potentially sensitive to iron toxicity. Iron loading impairs multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation and increases the efficacy of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Here, we defined the mechanisms of iron toxicity in MM.1S, U266, H929, and OPM-2 MM cell lines, and validated this strategy in preclinical studies using Vk*MYC mice as MM model. High-dose ferric ammonium citrate triggered cell death in all cell lines tested, increasing malondialdehyde levels, the by-product of lipid peroxidation and index of ferroptosis. In addition, iron exposure caused dose-dependent accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in highly iron-sensitive MM.1S and H929 cells, suggesting that proteasome workload contributes to iron sensitivity. Accordingly, high iron concentrations inhibited the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity of 26S particles and of MM cellular extracts in vitro. In all MM cells, bortezomib-iron combination induced persistent lipid damage, exacerbated bortezomib-induced polyubiquitinated proteins accumulation, and triggered cell death more efficiently than individual treatments. In Vk*MYC mice, addition of iron dextran or ferric carboxymaltose to the bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone (VMP) regimen increased the therapeutic response and prolonged remission without causing evident toxicity. We conclude that iron loading interferes both with redox and protein homeostasis, a property that can be exploited to design novel combination strategies including iron supplementation, to increase the efficacy of current MM therapies.
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Bortezomib Treatment Modulates Autophagy in Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020552. [PMID: 32085480 PMCID: PMC7073518 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the introduction of bortezomib as a therapeutic strategy has improved the overall survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, 15–20% of high-risk patients do not respond to bortezomib over time or become resistant to treatment. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies, such as combination therapies, is urgently needed. Methods: Given that bortezomib resistance may be mediated by activation of the autophagy pathway as an alternative mechanism of protein degradation, and that an enormous amounts of misfolded protein is generated in myeloma plasma cells (PCs), we investigated the effect of the simultaneous inhibition of proteasome by bortezomib and autophagy by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment on PCs and endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and MM. Results: We found that bortezomib combined with HCQ induces synergistic cytotoxicity in myeloma PCs whereas this effect is lost on ECs. Levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain beta (LC3B) and p62 are differentially modulated in PCs and ECs, with effects on cell viability and proliferation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that treatment with bortezomib and HCQ should be associated with an anti-angiogenic drug to prevent the pro-angiogenic effect of bortezomib, the proliferation of a small residual tumor PC clone, and thus the relapse.
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