1
|
Rossi M, Anerillas C, Idda ML, Munk R, Shin CH, Donega S, Tsitsipatis D, Herman AB, Martindale JL, Yang X, Piao Y, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Fan J, Ferrucci L, Johnson PF, De S, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Pleiotropic effects of BAFF on the senescence-associated secretome and growth arrest. eLife 2023; 12:e84238. [PMID: 37083495 PMCID: PMC10121226 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells release a variety of cytokines, proteases, and growth factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Sustained SASP contributes to a pattern of chronic inflammation associated with aging and implicated in many age-related diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and function of the immunomodulatory cytokine BAFF (B-cell activating factor; encoded by the TNFSF13B gene), a SASP protein, in multiple senescence models. We first characterized BAFF production across different senescence paradigms, including senescent human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38, IMR-90) and monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1), and tissues of mice induced to undergo senescence. We then identified IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) as a transcription factor required for promoting TNFSF13B mRNA transcription in senescence. We discovered that suppressing BAFF production decreased the senescent phenotype of both fibroblasts and monocyte-like cells, reducing IL6 secretion and SA-β-Gal staining. Importantly, however, the influence of BAFF on the senescence program was cell type-specific: in monocytes, BAFF promoted the early activation of NF-κB and general SASP secretion, while in fibroblasts, BAFF contributed to the production and function of TP53 (p53). We propose that BAFF is elevated across senescence models and is a potential target for senotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research CouncilSassaryItaly
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Chang Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Stefano Donega
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA IRP, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Allison B Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA IRP, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peter F Johnson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute IRPFrederickUnited States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong Z, Song JY, Thieme E, Anderson A, Oh E, Cheng WA, Kuang BZ, Lee V, Zhang T, Wang Z, Szymura S, Smith DL, Zhang J, Nian W, Zheng X, He F, Zhou Q, Cha SC, Danilov AV, Qin H, Kwak LW. Generation of a humanized afucosylated BAFF-R antibody with broad activity against human B-cell malignancies. Blood Adv 2023; 7:918-932. [PMID: 36469551 PMCID: PMC10027513 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) is a mature B-cell survival receptor, which is highly expressed in a wide variety of B-cell malignancies but with minimal expression in immature B cells. These properties make BAFF-R an attractive target for therapy of B-cell lymphomas. We generated a novel humanized anti BAFF-R monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high specificity and potent in vitro and in vivo activity against B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. The humanized variants of an original chimeric BAFF-R mAb retained BAFF-R binding affinity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against a panel of human cell lines and primary lymphoma samples. Furthermore, 1 humanized BAFF-R mAb clone and its afucosylated version, glycoengineered to optimize the primary mechanism of action, prolonged survival of immunodeficient mice bearing human tumor cell lines or patient-derived lymphoma xenografts in 3 separate models, compared with controls. Finally, the tissue specificity of this humanized mAb was confirmed against a broad panel of normal human tissues. Taken together, we have identified a robust lead-candidate BAFF-R mAb for clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Dong
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Joo Y. Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Elana Thieme
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Aaron Anderson
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Elizabeth Oh
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Wesley A. Cheng
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Benjamin Z. Kuang
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Vincent Lee
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Szymon Szymura
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - D. Lynne Smith
- Clinical and Translational Project Development, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Weihong Nian
- Shanghai Escugen Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintong Zheng
- Shanghai Escugen Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng He
- Shanghai Escugen Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Shanghai Escugen Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Soung-chul Cha
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Alexey V. Danilov
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Hong Qin
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Larry W. Kwak
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
ARID1A loss induces polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell chemotaxis and promotes prostate cancer progression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7281. [PMID: 36435834 PMCID: PMC9701216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and an immunosuppressive microenvironment promote prostate cancer (PCa) progression and diminish the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. However, it remains unclear how and to what extent these two events are coordinated. Here, we show that ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, functions downstream of inflammation-induced IKKβ activation to shape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Prostate-specific deletion of Arid1a cooperates with Pten loss to accelerate prostate tumorigenesis. We identify polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) as the major infiltrating immune cell type that causes immune evasion and reveal that neutralization of PMN-MDSCs restricts the progression of Arid1a-deficient tumors. Mechanistically, inflammatory cues activate IKKβ to phosphorylate ARID1A, leading to its degradation via β-TRCP. ARID1A downregulation in turn silences the enhancer of A20 deubiquitinase, a critical negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, and thereby unleashes CXCR2 ligand-mediated MDSC chemotaxis. Importantly, our results support the therapeutic strategy of anti-NF-κB antibody or targeting CXCR2 combined with ICB for advanced PCa. Together, our findings highlight that the IKKβ/ARID1A/NF-κB feedback axis integrates inflammation and immunosuppression to promote PCa progression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ansari A, Sachan S, Jit BP, Sharma A, Coshic P, Sette A, Weiskopf D, Gupta N. An efficient immunoassay for the B cell help function of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4 + T cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100224. [PMID: 35571764 PMCID: PMC9085463 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The B cell "help" function of CD4+ T cells is an important mechanism of adaptive immunity. Here, we describe improved antigen-specific T-B cocultures for quantitative measurement of T cell-dependent B cell responses, with as few as ∼90 T cells. Utilizing M. tuberculosis (Mtb), we show that early priming and activation of CD4+ T cells is important for productive interaction between T and B cells and that similar effects are achieved by supplementing cocultures with monocytes. We find that monocytes promote survivability of B cells via BAFF and stem cell growth factor (SCGF)/C-type lectin domain family 11 member A (CLEC11A), but this alone does not fully recapitulate the effects of monocyte supplementation. Importantly, we demonstrate improved activation and immunological output of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific memory CD4+ T-B cell cocultures with the inclusion of monocytes. This method may therefore provide a more sensitive assay to evaluate the B cell help quality of memory CD4+ T cells, for example, after vaccination or natural infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ansari
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shilpa Sachan
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Poonam Coshic
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nimesh Gupta
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pattarabanjird T, Marshall M, Upadhye A, Srikakulapu P, Garmey J, Haider A, Taylor AM, Lutgens E, McNamara CA. B-1b Cells Possess Unique bHLH-Driven P62-Dependent Self-Renewal and Atheroprotection. Circ Res 2022; 130:981-993. [PMID: 35209718 PMCID: PMC9075598 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B1a and B1b lymphocytes produce IgM that inactivates oxidation-specific epitopes (IgMOSE) on LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and protects against atherosclerosis. Loss of ID3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) in B cells selectively promotes B1b but not B1a cell numbers, leading to higher IgMOSE production and reduction in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Yet, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains unexplored. METHODS Bulk RNA sequencing was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes in B1a and B1b cells from Id3KO and Id3WT mice. CRISPR/Cas9 and lentiviral genome editing coupled with adoptive transfer were used to identify key Id3-dependent signaling pathways regulating B1b cell proliferation and the impact on atherosclerosis. Biospecimens from humans with advanced coronary artery disease imaging were analyzed to translate murine findings to human subjects with coronary artery disease. RESULTS Through RNA sequencing, P62 was found to be enriched in Id3KO B1b cells. Further in vitro characterization reveals a novel role for P62 in mediating BAFF (B-cell activating factor)-induced B1b cell proliferation through interacting with TRAF6 and activating NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), leading to subsequent C-MYC upregulation. Promoter-reporter assays reveal that Id3 inhibits the E2A protein from activating the P62 promoter. Mice adoptively transferred with B1 cells overexpressing P62 exhibited an increase in B1b cell number and IgMOSE levels and were protected against atherosclerosis. Consistent with murine mechanistic findings, P62 expression in human B1 cells was significantly higher in subjects harboring a function-impairing SNP (rs11574) in the ID3 gene and directly correlated with plasma IgMOSE levels. CONCLUSIONS This study unveils a novel role for P62 in driving BAFF-induced B1b cell proliferation and IgMOSE production to attenuate diet-induced atherosclerosis. Results identify a direct role for Id3 in antagonizing E2A from activating the p62 promoter. Moreover, analysis of putative human B1 cells also implicates these pathways in coronary artery disease subjects, suggesting P62 as a new immunomodulatory target for treating atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Melissa Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - James Garmey
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Antony Haider
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Angela M. Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Correspondence: Corresponding Author, , Phone: 434-243-5854, Address: 345 Crispell Dr. Charlottesville, VA 22908
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Robinson G, Pineda-Torra I, Ciurtin C, Jury EC. Lipid metabolism in autoimmune rheumatic disease: implications for modern and conventional therapies. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e148552. [PMID: 35040437 PMCID: PMC8759788 DOI: 10.1172/jci148552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressing inflammation has been the primary focus of therapies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs), including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, conventional therapies with low target specificity can have effects on cell metabolism that are less predictable. A key example is lipid metabolism; current therapies can improve or exacerbate dyslipidemia. Many conventional drugs also require in vivo metabolism for their conversion into therapeutically beneficial products; however, drug metabolism often involves the additional formation of toxic by-products, and rates of drug metabolism can be heterogeneous between patients. New therapeutic technologies and research have highlighted alternative metabolic pathways that can be more specifically targeted to reduce inflammation but also to prevent undesirable off-target metabolic consequences of conventional antiinflammatory therapies. This Review highlights the role of lipid metabolism in inflammation and in the mechanisms of action of AIRD therapeutics. Opportunities for cotherapies targeting lipid metabolism that could reduce immunometabolic complications and potential increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with AIRDs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Robinson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, and
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology Research
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, and
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Cui S, Wang Y, Xu R. The Extensive Regulation of MicroRNA in Immune Thrombocytopenia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221093595. [PMID: 35536600 PMCID: PMC9096216 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221093595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecule that plays
a variety of key roles in different biological processes through
post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNA has been proved to be
a variety of cellular processes involved in development, differentiation, signal
transduction, and is an important regulator of immune and autoimmune diseases.
Therefore, it may act as potent modulators of the immune system and play an
important role in the development of several autoimmune diseases. Immune
thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by a low
platelet count. Several studies suggest that like other autoimmune disorders,
miRNAs are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of ITP, interacting with the
function of innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we discuss
emerging knowledge about the function of miRNAs in ITP and describe miRNAs in
terms of their role in the immune system and autoimmune response. These findings
suggest that miRNA may be a useful therapeutic target for ITP by regulating the
immune system. In the future, we need to have a more comprehensive understanding
of miRNAs and how they regulate the immune system of patients with ITP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Zhao
- 74738Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Institute of Hematology, 74738Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Institute of Hematology, 74738Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Safarzadeh Kozani P, Safarzadeh Kozani P, O'Connor RS. In Like a Lamb; Out Like a Lion: Marching CAR T Cells Toward Enhanced Efficacy in B-ALL. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1223-1233. [PMID: 33903140 PMCID: PMC8285067 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Combining synthetic biology with adoptive T-cell transfer has led to promising advances in the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that redirect T-cell specificity against cancer. CARs include "built-in" signaling domains that reprogram T-cell metabolism, enhance effector function, and support long-term persistence. Despite their success in blood-based malignancies, relapse can occur in CD19-redirected CAR T-cell therapies for several reasons, including poor engraftment, impaired in vivo proliferation, and T-cell senescence. Herein, we explain how subtle alterations in CAR design may overcome barriers to effective adoptive immunotherapy. We also discuss how the physiochemical properties of the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) affect differentiation and persistence. Moreover, we describe innovative advances in CAR engineering and provide insight into the development of humanized scFvs whose proposed benefits include increased persistence and improved clinical outcomes. Tumor cells can evade CAR T-cell-mediated detection and elimination due to the emergence or presence of CD19-negative leukemic cell subpopulations. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges in targeting other B-ALL-associated antigens. Identifying alternate targets is fundamentally necessary to restore the success of CAR T-cell therapies in CD19-negative patients with B-ALL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Disease Management
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Immunity
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/etiology
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Research Design
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Escape/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roddy S O'Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin Z, Süsskind D. Exploring the role of BAFF as biomarker in the detection of uveal melanoma metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1389-1405. [PMID: 33665679 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While B-cell activating factor (BAFF) was identified to promote the invasion in other malignancies, its role in the progression of uveal melanoma (UM) still remains unexplored. Here, we analysed the serum level of BAFF in UM patients with regard to its significance as biomarker for the metastases. METHODS In this retrospective study, serum BAFF levels in 173 UM patients (36 with metastases and 137 without), and 23 healthy controls were measured with a multiplexed sandwich ELISA system and then correlated with clinicopathological characteristics such as primary tumor size, tumor location, histological cell type, sex, cancer stage, cytogenetic alterations of chromosome 3, and the metastatic burden. Immunohistochemical staining of 50 UM tissue specimens was also performed to evaluate the expression of BAFF and its receptors BAFF-R and TACI. RESULTS The metastatic patients were identified to have significantly higher serum BAFF levels (mean ± SD, 1520.8 ± 1182.1 pg/ml) than those without metastases (950.4 ± 494.6 pg/ml) and controls (810.3 ± 140.5 pg/ml). While no distinctions were detected with regard to tumor location, histological cell type, gender, and monosomy 3, the patients in cancer stages II, III, and IV displayed higher serum BAFF levels than those in stage I. The serum BAFF level was significantly correlated with the metastatic burden. The serum BAFF level of 1120 pg/ml was identified to have the best performance for distinguishing the metastatic patients from non-metastatic patients. In the kinetic study, we noticed that 20.8% of the analysed patients already demonstrated elevated serum BAFF concentrations before the clinical diagnosis of metastases. Positive BAFF staining was detected in the cytoplasm of single tumor cells (in 13 specimens), macrophages (in 12 specimens), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (in 13 specimens). The expressions of BAFF-R and TACI were also observed in 17 and 36 of the 50 tested UM specimens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study first suggests that BAFF might be a promising serum marker for the detection of UM metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Lin
- Center for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Daniela Süsskind
- Center for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Möckel T, Basta F, Weinmann-Menke J, Schwarting A. B cell activating factor (BAFF): Structure, functions, autoimmunity and clinical implications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102736. [PMID: 33333233 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The B cell activating factor (BAFF), or B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), is a B cell survival factor which supports autoreactive B cells and prevents their deletion. BAFF expression is closely linked with autoimmunity and is enhanced by genetic alterations and viral infections. Furthermore, BAFF seems to be involved in adipogenesis, atherosclerosis, neuro-inflammatory processes and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. BAFF is commonly overexpressed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and strongly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The relationship between BAFF levels, disease activity and damage accrual in SLE is controversial, but growing evidence is emerging on its role in renal involvement. Belimumab, a biologic BAFF inhibitor, has been the first biologic agent licensed for SLE therapy so far. As Rituximab (RTX) has been shown to increase BAFF levels following B cell depletion, the combination therapy of RTX plus belimumab (being evaluated in two RCT) seems to be a valuable option for several clinical scenarios. In this review we will highlight the growing body of evidence of immune and non-immune related BAFF expression in experimental and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Möckel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Fabio Basta
- Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatinate, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatinate, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Madhuranga W, Tharuka MN, Yang H, Lim C, Wan Q, Bathige S, Lee J. Molecular expression analysis and characterization of rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) B cell activating factor. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
12
|
BST-2/Tetherin is involved in BAFF-enhanced proliferation and survival via canonical NF-κB signaling in neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112399. [PMID: 33245890 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is accompanied by B cell hyperproliferation and mutation. Our previous study identified aberrant expression of BST-2 (also known as Tetherin/CD317) in B cells from either the peripheral blood or infiltrated salivary glands. However, the roles of BST-2 in the regulation of B cell activation remain unknown. In this study, we identified that BST-2 can respond to BAFF simulation but not to other B cell simulators in neoplastic B cell lines. A CCK-8 assay, an EdU assay and Annexin V/PI staining indicated that BST-2 inhibition attenuated BAFF-enhanced proliferation and survival in both Raji cells and Daudi cells. Screening of BAFF-related signaling in neoplastic B-lymphoid cells indicated that BST-2 was involved in the regulation of NF-κB signaling upon BAFF simulation. However, inhibition of NF-κB by JSH-23 significantly reduced the proliferation and survival of Raji and Daudi cells under both normal and BAFF-simulated conditions. Collectively, our results indicate that BST-2/Tetherin is a BAFF-responsive membrane factor involved in the regulation of NF-κB signaling, thereby assisting in the proliferation and survival of neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Our study provides a potential molecular mechanism underlying aberrant overactivation of B cells upon SS development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Qin H, Dong Z, Wang X, Cheng WA, Wen F, Xue W, Sun H, Walter M, Wei G, Smith DL, Sun X, Fei F, Xie J, Panagopoulou TI, Chen CW, Song JY, Aldoss I, Kayembe C, Sarno L, Müschen M, Inghirami GG, Forman SJ, Kwak LW. CAR T cells targeting BAFF-R can overcome CD19 antigen loss in B cell malignancies. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/511/eaaw9414. [PMID: 31554741 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw9414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CAR T cells targeting CD19 provide promising options for treatment of B cell malignancies. However, tumor relapse from antigen loss can limit efficacy. We developed humanized, second-generation CAR T cells against another B cell-specific marker, B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), which demonstrated cytotoxicity against human lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lines. Adoptively transferred BAFF-R-CAR T cells eradicated 10-day preestablished tumor xenografts after a single treatment and retained efficacy against xenografts deficient in CD19 expression, including CD19-negative variants within a background of CD19-positive lymphoma cells. Four relapsed, primary ALLs with CD19 antigen loss obtained after CD19-directed therapy retained BAFF-R expression and activated BAFF-R-CAR, but not CD19-CAR, T cells. BAFF-R-CAR, but not CD19-CAR, T cells also demonstrated antitumor effects against an additional CD19 antigen loss primary patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in vivo. BAFF-R is amenable to CAR T cell therapy, and its targeting may prevent emergence of CD19 antigen loss variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Dong
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Center for CAR T Cell Therapy, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wesley A Cheng
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Feng Wen
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 910041, China
| | - Weili Xue
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Han Sun
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Miriam Walter
- Center for CAR T Cell Therapy, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guowei Wei
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - D Lynne Smith
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jianming Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, CA 90007, USA
| | - Theano I Panagopoulou
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Clarisse Kayembe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luisa Sarno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Giorgio G Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Center for CAR T Cell Therapy, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Larry W Kwak
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou X, Mulazzani M, von Mücke-Heim IA, Langer S, Zhang W, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Dreyling M, Straube A, von Baumgarten L. The Role of BAFF-R Signaling in the Growth of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:682. [PMID: 32528875 PMCID: PMC7266954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive brain tumor. Despite improvements in therapeutic algorithms, long-term survival remains rare, illustrating an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. BAFF-R is a pro-survival receptor expressed on most malignant B cells, including PCNSL. To date, its role in PCNSL growth remains elusive. Here, we have created a BAFF-R knockout lymphoma cell line (BAFF-R-KO) using CRISPR-Cas9. In serum-starved conditions, BAFF-R-KO cells exhibit decreased viability in vitro compared to BAFF-R+ cells. Combining an orthotopic mouse model of PCNSL with chronic cranial windows and intravital microscopy, we have demonstrated a significant delay in tumor growth in mice inoculated with BAFF-R-KO cells compared to BAFF-R+ PCNSL. Additionally, median survival of BAFF-R-KO mice was significantly prolonged. Altogether, our results indicate the high potential of BAFF-R as a novel treatment target for PCNSL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Sigrid Langer
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rapamycin inhibits B-cell activating factor (BAFF)-stimulated cell proliferation and survival by suppressing Ca 2+-CaMKII-dependent PTEN/Akt-Erk1/2 signaling pathway in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102171. [PMID: 32062191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a crucial survival factor for B cells, and excess BAFF contributes to development of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown that rapamycin can prevent BAFF-induced B-cell proliferation and survival, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here we found that rapamycin inhibited human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF)-stimulated cell proliferation by inducing G1-cell cycle arrest, which was through downregulating the protein levels of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin A, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. Rapamycin reduced hsBAFF-stimulated cell survival by downregulating the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin) and meanwhile upregulating the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAK and BAX). The cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of rapamycin linked to its attenuation of hsBAFF-elevated intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). In addition, rapamycin blocked hsBAFF-stimulated B-cell proliferation and survival by preventing hsBAFF from inactivating PTEN and activating the Akt-Erk1/2 pathway. Overexpression of wild type PTEN or ectopic expression of dominant negative Akt potentiated rapamycin's suppression of hsBAFF-induced Erk1/2 activation and proliferation/viability in Raji cells. Interestingly, PP242 (mTORC1/2 inhibitor) or Akt inhibitor X, like rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor), reduced the basal or hsBAFF-induced [Ca2+]i elevations. Chelating [Ca2+]i with BAPTA/AM, preventing [Ca2+]i elevation using EGTA, 2-APB or verapamil, inhibiting CaMKII with KN93, or silencing CaMKII strengthened rapamycin's inhibitory effects. The results indicate that rapamycin inhibits BAFF-stimulated B-cell proliferation and survival by blunting mTORC1/2-mediated [Ca2+]i elevations and suppressing Ca2+-CaMKII-dependent PTEN/Akt-Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Our finding underscores that rapamycin may be exploited for prevention of excessive BAFF-induced aggressive B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sasanuma H, Ozawa M, Yoshida N. RNA-binding protein Ptbp1 is essential for BCR-mediated antibody production. Int Immunol 2020; 31:157-166. [PMID: 30476084 PMCID: PMC6400050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-1 (Ptbp1) binds to the pyrimidine-rich sequence of target RNA and controls gene expression via post-transcriptional regulation such as alternative splicing. Although Ptbp1 is highly expressed in B lymphocytes, its role to date is largely unknown. To clarify the role of Ptbp1 in B-cell development and function, we generated B-cell-specific Ptbp1-deficient (P1BKO) mice. B-cell development in the bone marrow, spleen and peritoneal cavity of the P1BKO mice was nearly normal. However, the P1BKO mice had significantly lower levels of natural antibodies in serum compared with those of the control mice. To investigate the effect of Ptbp1 deficiency on the immune response in vivo, we immunized the P1BKO mice with T-cell-independent type-2 (TI-2) antigen NP-Ficoll and T-cell-dependent (TD) antigen NP-CGG. We found that B-cell-specific Ptbp1 deficiency causes an immunodeficiency phenotype due to defective production of antibody against both TI-2 and TD antigen. This immunodeficiency was accompanied by impaired B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated B-cell activation and plasmablast generation. These findings demonstrate that Ptbp1 is essential for the humoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sasanuma
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ozawa
- Laboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mulazzani M, Huber M, Borchard S, Langer S, Angele B, Schuh E, Meinl E, Dreyling M, Birnbaum T, Straube A, Koedel U, von Baumgarten L. APRIL and BAFF: novel biomarkers for central nervous system lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:102. [PMID: 31615554 PMCID: PMC6792247 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of CNS lymphoma (CNSL) is essential for successful therapy of this rapidly progressing brain tumor. However, in patients presenting with focal brain lesions, fast and reliable diagnosis of PCNSL remains a challenge. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activating factor (BAFF) are important factors in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of systemic B cell malignancies. However, their utility as biomarkers for the diagnosis of CNSL and their effects on CNSL cells remain unclear. Methods In this prospective study, we analyzed the levels of APRIL and BAFF in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 116 patients with suspected focal brain lesions, including 53 CNSL patients. Additionally, we serially measured their levels during chemotherapy and relapse. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of APRIL and BAFF on two B cell lymphoma cell lines using proliferation, viability, and chemotaxis assays. Results CSF levels of APRIL and BAFF reliably differentiated CNSL from other focal brain lesions (including primary and metastatic brain tumors, autoimmune-inflammatory lesions, and neuroinfectious lesions) with a specificity of 93.7% (APRIL, BAFF) and a sensitivity of 62.3% (APRIL) and 47.1% (BAFF). Serial CSF analysis of CNSL patients during chemotherapy and relapse demonstrates a close correlation of APRIL CSF levels and the course of this disease. In vitro, APRIL and BAFF showed anti-apoptotic effects during MTX treatment and mediated chemotaxis of malignant B cells. Conclusion This study extends the spectrum of valuable diagnostic biomarkers in CNSL. In patients with focal brain lesions, measurement of APRIL in CSF could help accelerating the diagnosis of CNSL. Moreover, our results highlight an important role of APRIL and BAFF in the pathophysiology of CNSL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Huber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid Langer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Angele
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schuh
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Birnbaum
- Department of Neurology, HELIOS Amper-Hospital Dachau, Dachau, Germany
| | - Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mert U, Adawy A, Scharff E, Teichmann P, Willms A, Haselmann V, Colmorgen C, Lemke J, von Karstedt S, Fritsch J, Trauzold A. TRAIL Induces Nuclear Translocation and Chromatin Localization of TRAIL Death Receptors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081167. [PMID: 31416165 PMCID: PMC6721811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to the plasma membrane TRAIL-R1/-R2 selectively kills tumor cells. This discovery led to evaluation of TRAIL-R1/-R2 as targets for anti-cancer therapy, yet the corresponding clinical trials were disappointing. Meanwhile, it emerged that many cancer cells are TRAIL-resistant and that TRAIL-R1/-R2-triggering may lead to tumor-promoting effects. Intriguingly, recent studies uncovered specific functions of long ignored intracellular TRAIL-R1/-R2, with tumor-promoting functions of nuclear (n)TRAIL-R2 as the regulator of let-7-maturation. As nuclear trafficking of TRAIL-Rs is not well understood, we addressed this issue in our present study. Cell surface biotinylation and tracking of biotinylated proteins in intracellular compartments revealed that nTRAIL-Rs originate from the plasma membrane. Nuclear TRAIL-Rs-trafficking is a fast process, requiring clathrin-dependent endocytosis and it is TRAIL-dependent. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence approaches revealed an interaction of nTRAIL-R2 with the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttle protein Exportin-1/CRM-1. Mutation of a putative nuclear export sequence (NES) in TRAIL-R2 or the inhibition of CRM-1 by Leptomycin-B resulted in the nuclear accumulation of TRAIL-R2. In addition, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 constitutively localize to chromatin, which is strongly enhanced by TRAIL-treatment. Our data highlight the novel role for surface-activated TRAIL-Rs by direct trafficking and signaling into the nucleus, a previously unknown signaling principle for cell surface receptors that belong to the TNF-superfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Mert
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alshaimaa Adawy
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Scharff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Pierre Teichmann
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Willms
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cynthia Colmorgen
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fritsch
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dimitrakopoulos FID, Kottorou AE, Antonacopoulou AG, Panagopoulos N, Scopa C, Kalofonou M, Dougenis D, Koutras A, Makatsoris T, Tzelepi V, Kalofonos HP. Expression of Immune System-Related Membrane Receptors CD40, RANK, BAFFR and LTβR is Associated with Clinical Outcome of Operated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050741. [PMID: 31137630 PMCID: PMC6572708 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies implicates the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells) alternative pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We assessed the clinical significance of CD40 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5, TNFRSF5), BAFFR (B-cell activating factor receptor), RANK (Receptor activator of NF-κB) and LTβR (lymphotoxin β receptor) receptors, which activate the alternative pathway of NF-κB, in NSCLC. Evaluation of CD40, BAFFR, RANK and LTβR expression was performed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets, while protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in specimens from 119 operated NSCLC patients. CD40 gene overexpression was correlated with improved five-year overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001), while increased BAFFR and LTβR mRNA levels were associated with worse OS in patients with adenocarcinomas (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, patients with adenocarcinomas exhibited a negative correlation between membranous BAFFR protein expression in carcinoma cells and three- and five-year survival (p = 0.021; HR, 4.977 and p = 0.030; HR, 3.358, respectively) as well as between BAFFR protein overexpression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and two-year survival (p = 0.036; HR, 1.983). Patients with increased LTβR nuclear protein staining or stage II patients with lower cytoplasmic LTβR protein expression had worse five-year OS (p = 0.039 and p = 0.008, respectively). Moreover, CD40 protein expression in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CAFs was positively associated with metastatic spread while BAFFR protein expression in CAFs was negatively associated with bone metastasis (p = 0.041). Our data suggests that CD40, BAFFR, RANK and LTβR play an important role in NSCLC and further supports the role of NF-κB alternative pathway in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Anna G Antonacopoulou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Panagopoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Chrisoula Scopa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Dimitrios Dougenis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Thomas Makatsoris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Molecular structure, expression, and bioactivity of B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and its receptor BAFF-R in cats (Felis catus). Mol Immunol 2019; 112:59-71. [PMID: 31078117 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
B-cell survival depends on signals induced by binding of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) to its receptor (BAFF-R). In this study, the full-length cDNAs of cat BAFF (cBAFF) and BAFF-R (cBAFF-R) were amplified from the spleen by reverse transcription PCR. The open reading frame of cBAFF cDNA encodes a protein of 285 amino acids containing a predicted transmembrane domain and a furin protease cleavage site, similar to mammalian, avian, and reptile BAFFs. The cBAFF-R gene encodes a 189 amino acid protein. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the two genes are predominantly expressed in the spleen. csBAFF, EGFP/csBAFF, and cBAFF-R were efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analyses. After purification, the EGFP/csBAFF fusion protein showed a fluorescence spectrum similar to that of EGFP. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that EGFP/csBAFF bound to its receptor. In vitro, csBAFF promoted the survival of cat and mouse splenic B cells with/without a priming agent (Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, SAC) or anti-mouse IgM. Furthermore, it stimulated the survival of mouse B cells, similar to msBAFF. Recombinant cBAFF-R blocked the function of sBAFF in vitro. These findings indicate that csBAFF plays an important role in the survival of cat B cells and has functional cross reactivity between cats and other mammals, and suggest a role for the BAFF-BAFF-R system in regulating B-cell survival. Therefore, BAFF and BAFF-R show promise for enhancing the immune systems of animals.
Collapse
|
21
|
Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Simon-Gabriel CP, Foerster K, Saleem S, Bleckmann D, Benkisser-Petersen M, Thornton N, Umezawa K, Decker S, Burger M, Veelken H, Claus R, Dierks C, Duyster J, Zirlik K. Microenvironmental stromal cells abrogate NF-κB inhibitor-induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 103:136-147. [PMID: 29122993 PMCID: PMC5777201 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.165381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Several NF-κB inhibitors were shown to successfully induce apoptosis of CLL cells in vitro Since the microenvironment is known to be crucial for the survival of CLL cells, herein, we tested whether NF-κB inhibition may still induce apoptosis in these leukemic cells in the presence of protective stromal interaction. We used the specific NF-κB inhibitor dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ). Microenvironmental support was mimicked by co-culturing CLL cells with bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines (HS-5 and M2-10B4). NF-κB inhibition by DHMEQ in CLL cells could be confirmed in both the monoculture and co-culture setting. In line with previous reports, NF-κB inhibition induced apoptosis in the monoculture setting by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway resulting in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-cleavage; however, it was unable to induce apoptosis in leukemic cells co-cultured with stromal cells. Similarly, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated RELA downregulation induced apoptosis of CLL cells cultured alone, but not in the presence of supportive stromal cells. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) was identified as a microenvironmental messenger potentially protecting the leukemic cells from NF-κB inhibition-induced apoptosis. Finally, we show improved sensitivity of stroma-supported CLL cells to NF-κB inhibition when combining the NF-κB inhibitor with the SYK inhibitor R406 or the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, agents known to inhibit the stroma-leukemia crosstalk. We conclude that NF-κB inhibitors are not promising as monotherapies in CLL, but may represent attractive therapeutic partners for ibrutinib and R406.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Philipp Simon-Gabriel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Foerster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shifa Saleem
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Bleckmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Benkisser-Petersen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Thornton
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sarah Decker
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Burger
- Furtwangen University, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Schwenningen Campus, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dierks
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Zirlik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany .,Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zeng Q, Qin S, Zhang H, Liu B, Qin J, Wang X, Zhang R, Liu C, Dong X, Zhang S, Huang S, Chen L. Rapamycin attenuates BAFF-extended proliferation and survival via disruption of mTORC1/2 signaling in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:516-529. [PMID: 28300280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
B cell activating factor from the TNF family (BAFF) stimulates B-cell proliferation and survival, but excessive BAFF promotes the development of aggressive B cells leading to malignant and autoimmune diseases. Recently, we have reported that rapamycin, a macrocyclic lactone, attenuates human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF)-stimulated B-cell proliferation/survival by suppressing mTOR-mediated PP2A-Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Here, we show that the inhibitory effect of rapamycin on hsBAFF-promoted B cell proliferation/survival is also related to blocking hsBAFF-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, S6K1, and 4E-BP1, as well as expression of survivin in normal and B-lymphoid (Raji and Daudi) cells. It appeared that both mTORC1 and mTORC2 were involved in the inhibitory activity of rapamycin, as silencing raptor or rictor enhanced rapamycin's suppression of hsBAFF-induced survivin expression and proliferation/viability in B cells. Also, PP242, an mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor, repressed survivin expression, and cell proliferation/viability more potently than rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor) in B cells in response to hsBAFF. Of interest, ectopic expression of constitutively active Akt (myr-Akt) or constitutively active S6K1 (S6K1-ca), or downregulation of 4E-BP1 conferred resistance to rapamycin's attenuation of hsBAFF-induced survivin expression and B-cell proliferation/viability, whereas overexpression of dominant negative Akt (dn-Akt) or constitutively hypophosphorylated 4E-BP1 (4EBP1-5A), or downregulation of S6K1, or co-treatment with Akt inhibitor potentiated the inhibitory effects of rapamycin. The findings indicate that rapamycin attenuates excessive hsBAFF-induced cell proliferation/survival via blocking mTORC1/2 signaling in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Our data underscore that rapamycin may be a potential agent for preventing excessive BAFF-evoked aggressive B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiamin Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Targeting Vaccine-Induced Extrafollicular Pathway of B Cell Differentiation Improves Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02435-16. [PMID: 28148792 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02435-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced B cells differentiate along two pathways. The follicular pathway gives rise to germinal centers (GCs) that can take weeks to fully develop. The extrafollicular pathway gives rise to short-lived plasma cells (PCs) that can rapidly secrete protective antibodies within days of vaccination. Rabies virus (RABV) postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) requires rapid vaccine-induced humoral immunity for protection. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting extrafollicular B cell responses for activation would improve the speed and magnitude of RABV PEP. To test this hypothesis, we constructed, recovered, and characterized a recombinant RABV-based vaccine expressing murine B cell activating factor (BAFF) (rRABV-mBAFF). BAFF is an ideal molecule to improve early pathways of B cell activation, as it links innate and adaptive immunity, promoting potent B cell responses. Indeed, rRABV-mBAFF induced a faster, higher antibody response in mice and enhanced survivorship in PEP settings compared to rRABV. Interestingly, rRABV-mBAFF and rRABV induced equivalent numbers of GC B cells, suggesting that rRABV-mBAFF augmented the extrafollicular B cell pathway. To confirm that rRABV-mBAFF modulated the extrafollicular pathway, we used a signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP)-deficient mouse model. In response to antigen, SAP-deficient mice form extrafollicular B cell responses but do not generate GCs. rRABV-mBAFF induced similar anti-RABV antibody responses in SAP-deficient and wild-type mice, demonstrating that BAFF modulated immunity through the extrafollicular and not the GC B cell pathway. Collectively, strategies that manipulate pathways of B cell activation may facilitate the development of a single-dose RABV vaccine that replaces current complicated and costly RABV PEP.IMPORTANCE Effective RABV PEP is currently resource- and cost-prohibitive in regions of the world where RABV is most prevalent. In order to diminish the requirements for rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and multiple vaccinations for effective prevention of clinical rabies, a more rapidly protective vaccine is needed. This work presents a successful approach to rapidly generate antibody-secreting PCs in response to vaccination by targeting the extrafollicular B cell pathway. We demonstrate that the improved early antibody responses induced by rRABV-mBAFF confer improved protection against RABV in a PEP model. Significantly, activation of the early extrafollicular B cell pathway, such as that demonstrated here, could improve the efficacy of vaccines targeting other pathogens against which rapid protection would decrease morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
|
25
|
High-dose BAFF receptor specific mAb-siRNA conjugate generates Fas-expressing B cells in lymph nodes and high-affinity serum autoantibody in a myasthenia mouse model. Clin Immunol 2017; 176:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
26
|
Kuo SH, Tsai HJ, Lin CW, Yeh KH, Lee HW, Wei MF, Shun CT, Wu MS, Hsu PN, Chen LT, Cheng AL. The B-cell-activating factor signalling pathway is associated with Helicobacter pylori independence in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma without t(11;18)(q21;q21). J Pathol 2017; 241:420-433. [PMID: 27873317 DOI: 10.1002/path.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that activation of the B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) pathway upregulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and induces BCL3 and BCL10 nuclear translocation in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-independent gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumours with evidence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). However, the significance of BAFF expression in HP independence of gastric low-grade MALT lymphomas without t(11;18)(q21;q21) remains unexplored. Sixty-four patients who underwent successful HP eradication for localized HP-positive gastric MALT lymphomas without t(11;18)(q21;q21) were studied. BAFF expression was significantly higher in the HP-independent group than in the HP-dependent group [22/26 (84.6%) versus 8/38 (21.1%); p < 0.001]. Similarly, BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) expression (p = 0.004) and nuclear BCL3 (p = 0.004), BCL10 (p < 0.001), NF-κB (p65) (p = 0.001) and NF-κB (p52) (p = 0.005) expression were closely correlated with the HP independence of these tumours. Moreover, BAFF overexpression was significantly associated with BAFF-R expression and nuclear BCL3, BCL10, NF-κB (p65) and NF-κB (p52) expression. These findings were further validated in an independent cohort, including 40 HP-dependent cases and 18 HP-independent cases of gastric MALT lymphoma without t(11;18)(q21;q21). The biological significance of BAFF signalling in t(11;18)(q21;q21)-negative lymphoma cells was further studied in two types of lymphoma B cell: OCI-Ly3 [non-germinal centre B-cell origin DLBCL without t(11;18)(q21;q21) cell line] and MA-1 [t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1-positive DLBCL cell line]. In both cell lines, we found that BAFF activated the canonical NF-κB and AKT pathways, and induced the formation of BCL10-BCL3 complexes, which translocated to the nucleus. BCL10 and BCL3 nuclear translocation and NF-κB (p65) transactivation were inhibited by either LY294002 or by silencing BCL3 or BCL10 with small interfering RNA. BAFF also activated non-canonical NF-κB pathways (p52) through tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 degradation, NF-κB-inducing kinase accumulation, inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) α/β phosphorylation and NF-κB p100 processing in both cell lines. Our data indicate that the autocrine BAFF signal transduction pathway contributes to HP independence in gastric MALT lymphomas without the t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wu Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Lee
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Wei
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ning Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gui L, Zeng Q, Xu Z, Zhang H, Qin S, Liu C, Xu C, Qian Z, Zhang S, Huang S, Chen L. IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ or TNF-α enhances BAFF-stimulated cell viability and survival by activating Erk1/2 and S6K1 pathways in neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Cytokine 2016; 84:37-46. [PMID: 27235588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) has been documented to act as a critical factor in the development of aggressive B lymphocytes and autoimmune diseases. However, the effect of various cytokines on BAFF-elicited neoplastic B-lymphoid cells is not known. In this study, we exhibited that administration of human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF), IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or TNF-α alone increased cell viability and survival in Raji cells concentration-dependently, yet a more robust viability/survival was seen in the cells co-treatment of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or TNF-α with hsBAFF, respectively. Further research revealed that both Erk1/2 and S6K1 signaling pathways were essential for IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or TNF-α enhancement of the viability/survival in the hsBAFF-stimulated cells, as inhibition of Erk1/2 with U0126 or down-regulation of Erk1/2, or blockage of S6K1 with rapamycin or silencing S6K1, or silencing S6K1/Erk1/2, respectively, reduced the cell viability/survival in the cells treated with/without hsBAFF±IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or TNF-α. These findings indicate that IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ or TNF-α enhances BAFF-stimulated cell viability/survival by activating Erk1/2 and S6K1 signaling in neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Our data suggest that modulation of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and/or TNF-α levels, or inhibitors of Erk1/2 or S6K1 may be a new approach to prevent BAFF-induced aggressive B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhou Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu H, Zhang J, Li J, Song J, Zhang S. Molecular structure, distribution, and immunology function of TNFSF13B (BAFF) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:240-250. [PMID: 26915306 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF)is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and plays roles in B cell survival and maturation. In this study, the full-length cDNA of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) BAFF (tBAFF) was amplified from the spleen by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The open reading frame of this cDNA encodes a protein of 261 amino acids containing a predicted transmembrane domain and a furin protease cleavage site, similar to mammalian, avian, and reptile BAFF. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that tBAFF is present in various tissues and is predominantly expressed in the spleen. The predicted three-dimensional (3D) structure of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) soluble BAFF (tsBAFF) monomer was determined by (3D) structure modeling monomeranalyzed by (3D) structure mouse counterpart. Both tsBAFF and EGFP/tsBAFF were efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), as confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. After purification, the EGFP/tsBAFF fusion protein showed a fluorescence spectrum similar to that of EGFP. Laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that EGFP/tsBAFF bound to its receptor. In vitro, tsBAFF promoted the proliferation of Nile tilapia and mouse splenic B cells together with/without a priming agent (Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, SAC) or anti-mouse IgM. Furthermore, tsBAFF showed a similar proliferation-stimulating effect on mouse B cells compared to msBAFF. These findings indicate that tsBAFF plays an important role in the proliferation of Nile tilapia B cells and has functional cross-reactivity among Nile tilapia and mammals. Therefore, BAFF may represent a useful factor for enhancing immunological efficacy in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310036, China
| | - Jinyun Song
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, 210003, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
B-Cell Activating Factor as a Cancer Biomarker and Its Implications in Cancer-Related Cachexia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:792187. [PMID: 26339644 PMCID: PMC4538579 DOI: 10.1155/2015/792187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a cytokine and adipokine of the TNF ligand superfamily. The main biological function of BAFF in maintaining the maturation of B-cells to plasma cells has recently made it a target of the first FDA-approved selective BAFF antibody, belimumab, for the therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus. Concomitantly, the role of BAFF in cancer has been a subject of research since its discovery. Here we review BAFF as a biomarker of malignant disease activity and prognostic factor in B-cell derived malignancies such as multiple myeloma. Moreover, anti-BAFF therapy seems to be a promising approach in treatment of B-cell derived leukemias/lymphomas. In nonhematologic solid tumors, BAFF may contribute to cancer progression by mechanisms both dependent on and independent of BAFF's proinflammatory role. We also describe ongoing research into the pathophysiological link between BAFF and cancer-related cachexia. BAFF has been shown to contribute to inflammation and insulin resistance which are known to worsen cancer cachexia syndrome. Taking all the above together, BAFF is emerging as a biomarker of several malignancies and a possible hallmark of cancer cachexia.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that is marked by a systemic inflammatory reaction and joint erosions. Elevated levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF) have been detected in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients. Moreover, the levels of BAFF increase in cases of autoimmune disease and are correlated with the level of disease activity. As an innate cytokine mediator, BAFF affects the immune response of the synovial microenvironment. In this review, we consider recent observations of BAFF and its receptors in RA progression, as well as the effects of BAFF on the cell-cell interactions network. We also summarize the clinical development of BAFF antagonists for the treatment of RA.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zeng Q, Zhang H, Qin J, Xu Z, Gui L, Liu B, Liu C, Xu C, Liu W, Zhang S, Huang S, Chen L. Rapamycin inhibits BAFF-stimulated cell proliferation and survival by suppressing mTOR-mediated PP2A-Erk1/2 signaling pathway in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4867-84. [PMID: 26118661 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is involved in not only physiology of normal B cells, but also pathophysiology of aggressive B cells related to malignant and autoimmune diseases. Rapamycin, a lipophilic macrolide antibiotic, has recently shown to be effective in the treatment of human lupus erythematosus. However, how rapamycin inhibits BAFF-stimulated B-cell proliferation and survival has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that rapamycin inhibited human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF)-induced cell proliferation and survival in normal and B-lymphoid (Raji and Daudi) cells by activation of PP2A and inactivation of Erk1/2. Pretreatment with PD98059, down-regulation of Erk1/2, expression of dominant negative MKK1, or overexpression of wild-type PP2A potentiated rapamycin's suppression of hsBAFF-activated Erk1/2 and B-cell proliferation/viability, whereas expression of constitutively active MKK1, inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid, or expression of dominant negative PP2A attenuated the inhibitory effects of rapamycin. Furthermore, expression of a rapamycin-resistant and kinase-active mTOR (mTOR-T), but not a rapamycin-resistant and kinase-dead mTOR-T (mTOR-TE), conferred resistance to rapamycin's effects on PP2A, Erk1/2 and B-cell proliferation/viability, implying mTOR-dependent mechanism involved. The findings indicate that rapamycin inhibits BAFF-stimulated cell proliferation/survival by targeting mTOR-mediated PP2A-Erk1/2 signaling pathway in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Our data highlight that rapamycin may be exploited for preventing excessive BAFF-induced aggressive B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA. .,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sarantopoulos S, Blazar BR, Cutler C, Ritz J. Reprint of: B cells in chronic graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:S11-8. [PMID: 25620647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) continues to be a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Unlike acute graft-versus-host disease, which is mediated almost entirely by donor T cells, the immune pathology of cGVHD is more complex and donor B cells have also been found to play an important role. Recent studies from several laboratories have enhanced our understanding of how donor B cells contribute to this clinical syndrome and this has led to new therapeutic opportunities. Here, Dr Sarantopoulos reviews some of the important mechanisms responsible for persistent B cell activation and loss of B cell tolerance in patients with cGVHD. Dr Blazar describes recent studies in preclinical models that have identified novel B cell-directed agents that may be effective for prevention or treatment of cGVHD. Some B cell-directed therapies have already been tested in patients with cGVHD and Dr Cutler reviews the results of these studies documenting the potential efficacy of this approach. Supported by mechanistic studies in patients and preclinical models, new B cell-directed therapies for cGVHD will now be evaluated in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Cell Therapy and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Corey Cutler
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Blonska M, Agarwal NK, Vega F. Shaping of the tumor microenvironment: Stromal cells and vessels. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 34:3-13. [PMID: 25794825 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomas develop and progress in a specialized tissue microenvironment such as bone marrow as well as secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph node and spleen. The lymphoma microenvironment is characterized by a heterogeneous population of stromal cells, including fibroblastic reticular cells, nurse-like cells, mesenchymal stem cells, follicular dendritic cells, and inflammatory cells such as macrophages, T- and B-cells. These cell populations interact with the lymphoma cells to promote lymphoma growth, survival and drug resistance through multiple mechanisms. Angiogenesis is also recognized as an important factor associated with lymphoma progression. In recent years, we have learned that the interaction between the malignant and non-malignant cells is bidirectional and resembles, at least in part, the pattern seen between non-neoplastic lymphoid cells and the normal microenvironment of lymphoid organs. A summary of the current knowledge of lymphoma microenvironment focusing on the cellular components will be reviewed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzenna Blonska
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nitin K Agarwal
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Francisco Vega
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prognostic significance of ligands belonging to tumour necrosis factor superfamily in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leuk Res 2015; 39:290-5. [PMID: 25582383 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Altered activities of ligands belonging to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, namely B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) were demonstrated in several haematological diseases including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). BAFF, APRIL and TRAIL provide crucial survival signals to immature, naive and activated B cells. These ligands are capable of activating a broad spectrum of intracellular signalling cascades that can either induce apoptosis or protect from programmed cell death. BAFF and APRIL, which can directly activate the NF-κB pathway, have been identified as crucial survival factors for ALL cells. Here, we have analyzed serum BAFF, APRIL and TRAIL concentrations in 48 patients with newly diagnosed ALL and 44 healthy volunteers. The levels of APRIL and BAFF were significantly higher in ALL patients as compared to healthy volunteers. In contrast, concentrations of TRAIL were significantly lower in ALL patients. Moreover, following induction, the levels of APRIL, but not BAFF or TRAIL, were significantly lower in a group of patients with complete remission (CR) as compared to non-respondent (NR) ALL patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated statistically significant differences in concentrations of APRIL between CR MRD-negative and CR, MRD-positive ALL patients. Notably detection of higher concentrations of APRIL was associated with shorter leukaemia-free survival and overall survival. Altogether, our data indicate that APRIL can play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALL and the measurement of APRIL levels can improve prognostication in ALL patients.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sarantopoulos S, Blazar BR, Cutler C, Ritz J. B cells in chronic graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:16-23. [PMID: 25452031 PMCID: PMC4295503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) continues to be a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Unlike acute graft-versus-host disease, which is mediated almost entirely by donor T cells, the immune pathology of cGVHD is more complex and donor B cells have also been found to play an important role. Recent studies from several laboratories have enhanced our understanding of how donor B cells contribute to this clinical syndrome and this has led to new therapeutic opportunities. Here, Dr Sarantopoulos reviews some of the important mechanisms responsible for persistent B cell activation and loss of B cell tolerance in patients with cGVHD. Dr Blazar describes recent studies in preclinical models that have identified novel B cell-directed agents that may be effective for prevention or treatment of cGVHD. Some B cell-directed therapies have already been tested in patients with cGVHD and Dr Cutler reviews the results of these studies documenting the potential efficacy of this approach. Supported by mechanistic studies in patients and preclinical models, new B cell-directed therapies for cGVHD will now be evaluated in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Cell Therapy and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Corey Cutler
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bertsch U, Röder C, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A. Compartmentalization of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptor functions: emerging role of nuclear TRAIL-R2. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1390. [PMID: 25165876 PMCID: PMC4454323 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Localized in the plasma membrane, death domain-containing TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, induce apoptosis and non-apoptotic signaling when crosslinked by the ligand TRAIL or by agonistic receptor-specific antibodies. Recently, an increasing body of evidence has accumulated that TRAIL receptors are additionally found in noncanonical intracellular locations in a wide range of cell types, preferentially cancer cells. Thus, besides their canonical locations in the plasma membrane and in intracellular membranes of the secretory pathway as well as endosomes and lysosomes, TRAIL receptors may also exist in autophagosomes, in nonmembraneous cytosolic compartment as well as in the nucleus. Such intracellular locations have been mainly regarded as hide-outs for these receptors representing a strategy for cancer cells to resist TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Recently, a novel function of intracellular TRAIL-R2 has been revealed. When present in the nuclei of tumor cells, TRAIL-R2 inhibits the processing of the primary let-7 miRNA (pri-let-7) via interaction with accessory proteins of the Microprocessor complex. The nuclear TRAIL-R2-driven decrease in mature let-7 enhances the malignancy of cancer cells. This finding represents a new example of nuclear activity of typically plasma membrane-located cytokine and growth factor receptors. Furthermore, this extends the list of nucleic acid targets of the cell surface receptors by pri-miRNA in addition to DNA and mRNA. Here we review the diverse functions of TRAIL-R2 depending on its intracellular localization and we particularly discuss the nuclear TRAIL-R2 (nTRAIL-R2) function in the context of known nuclear activities of other normally plasma membrane-localized receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Bertsch
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany
| | - C Röder
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany
| | - H Kalthoff
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany
| | - A Trauzold
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Kiel D-24105, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Szili D, Bankó Z, Tóth EA, Nagy G, Rojkovich B, Gáti T, Simon M, Hérincs Z, Sármay G. TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1) at the crossroad of B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathways in human B cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96381. [PMID: 24801688 PMCID: PMC4011794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell development and activation are regulated by combined signals mediated by the B cell receptor (BCR), receptors for the B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF-R) and the innate receptor, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). However, the underlying mechanisms by which these signals cooperate in human B cells remain unclear. Our aim was to elucidate the key signaling molecules at the crossroads of BCR, BAFF-R and TLR9 mediated pathways and to follow the functional consequences of costimulation.Therefore we stimulated purified human B cells by combinations of anti-Ig, B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and the TLR9 agonist, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Phosphorylation status of various signaling molecules, B cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, plasma blast generation and the frequency of IgG producing cells were investigated. We have found that BCR induced signals cooperate with BAFF-R- and TLR9-mediated signals at different levels of cell activation. BCR and BAFF- as well as TLR9 and BAFF-mediated signals cooperate at NFκB activation, while BCR and TLR9 synergistically costimulate mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK, JNK and p38. We show here for the first time that the MAP3K7 (TGF beta activated kinase, TAK1) is responsible for the synergistic costimulation of B cells by BCR and TLR9, resulting in an enhanced cell proliferation, plasma blast generation, cytokine and antibody production. Specific inhibitor of TAK1 as well as knocking down TAK1 by siRNA abrogates the synergistic signals. We conclude that TAK1 is a key regulator of receptor crosstalk between BCR and TLR9, thus plays a critical role in B cell development and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Szili
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bankó
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - György Nagy
- Buda Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Gáti
- Buda Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Simon
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hérincs
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Sármay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang S, Li JY, Xu W. Role of BAFF/BAFF-R axis in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 91:113-22. [PMID: 24629840 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF), as a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family, plays important roles in B-cell homeostasis, tolerance, and malignancy. BAFF binds to three receptors of TNF, TACI, BCMA and BAFF-receptor (BAFF-R). In particular, the BAFF/BAFF-R pathway is crucial to the survival and growth of mature normal and malignant B-cells. BAFF is displayed on the cell surface or is released in a soluble form after cleavage from the plasma membrane. BAFF-R as the main BAFF receptor is expressed mainly on B-cells. Aberrant BAFF expression was found in malignant B-cells from B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patients, which protects these cells from spontaneous or drug-induced apoptosis and stimulated NF-κB activation via autocrine and/or paracrine pathways. However, the mechanisms involved in the gene expression and regulation of BAFF or BAFF-R has not been elucidated. More importantly, the design of reagents able to counteract BAFF/BAFF-R pathways may be of therapeutic value for B-NHL. Results of ongoing clinical trials with BAFF or BAFF-R antagonists are eagerly awaited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Equine adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) expresses BAFF and its receptors, which may be associated with the differentiation process of ASC towards adipocyte. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 18:365-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
40
|
Liang D, Zeng Q, Xu Z, Zhang H, Gui L, Xu C, Chen S, Zhang S, Huang S, Chen L. BAFF activates Erk1/2 promoting cell proliferation and survival by Ca2+-CaMKII-dependent inhibition of PP2A in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:332-43. [PMID: 24269630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is involved in not only the physiology of normal B cells, but also the pathophysiology of aggressive B cells related to malignant and autoimmune diseases. However, how excessive BAFF promotes aggressive B-cell proliferation and survival is not well understood. Here we show that excessive human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF) enhanced cell proliferation and survival in normal and B-lymphoid (Raji) cells, which was associated with suppression of PP2A, resulting in activation of Erk1/2. This is supported by the findings that pretreatment with U0126 or PD98059, expression of dominant negative MKK1, or overexpression of PP2A prevented hsBAFF-induced activation of Erk1/2 and cell proliferation/viability in the cells. It appears that hsBAFF-mediated PP2A-Erk1/2 pathway and B-cell proliferation/viability was Ca(2+)-dependent, as pretreatment with BAPTA/AM, EGTA or 2-APB significantly attenuated these events. Furthermore, we found that inhibiting CaMKII with KN93 or silencing CaMKII also attenuated hsBAFF-mediated PP2A-Erk1/2 signaling and B-cell proliferation/viability. The results indicate that BAFF activates Erk1/2, in part through Ca(2+)-CaMKII-dependent inhibition of PP2A, increasing cell proliferation/viability in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Our data suggest that inhibitors of CaMKII and Erk1/2, activator of PP2A or manipulation of intracellular Ca(2+) may be exploited for prevention of excessive BAFF-induced aggressive B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingfang Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lin Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oncoprotein E7 from beta human papillomavirus 38 induces formation of an inhibitory complex for a subset of p53-regulated promoters. J Virol 2013; 87:12139-50. [PMID: 24006445 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01047-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies on cutaneous beta human papillomavirus 38 (HPV38) E6 and E7 oncoproteins highlighted a novel activity of IκB kinase beta (IKKβ) in the nucleus of human keratinocytes, where it phosphorylates and stabilizes ΔNp73α, an antagonist of p53/p73 functions. Here, we further characterize the role of the IKKβ nuclear form. We show that IKKβ nuclear translocation and ΔNp73α accumulation are mediated mainly by HPV38 E7 oncoprotein. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)/Re-ChIP experiments showed that ΔNp73α and IKKβ are part, together with two epigenetic enzymes DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), of a transcriptional regulatory complex that inhibits the expression of some p53-regulated genes, such as PIG3. Recruitment to the PIG3 promoter of EZH2 and DNMT1 resulted in trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 27 and in DNA methylation, respectively, both events associated with gene expression silencing. Decreases in the intracellular levels of HPV38 E7 or ΔNp73α strongly affected the recruitment of the inhibitory transcriptional complex to the PIG3 promoter, with consequent restoration of p53-regulated gene expression. Finally, the ΔNp73α/IKKβ/DNMT1/EZH2 complex appears to bind a subset of p53-regulated promoters. In fact, the complex is efficiently recruited to several promoters of genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair and apoptosis, whereas it does not influence the expression of the prosurvival factor Survivin. In summary, our data show that HPV38 via E7 protein promotes the formation of a multiprotein complex that negatively regulates the expression of several p53-regulated genes.
Collapse
|
42
|
Vincent FB, Saulep-Easton D, Figgett WA, Fairfax KA, Mackay F. The BAFF/APRIL system: emerging functions beyond B cell biology and autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:203-15. [PMID: 23684423 PMCID: PMC7108297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The BAFF system plays a key role in the development of autoimmunity, especially in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This often leads to the assumption that BAFF is mostly a B cell factor with a specific role in autoimmunity. Focus on BAFF and autoimmunity, driven by pharmaceutical successes with the recent approval of a novel targeted therapy Belimumab, has relegated other potential roles of BAFF to the background. Far from being SLE-specific, the BAFF system has a much broader relevance in infection, cancer and allergy. In this review, we provide the latest views on additional roles of the BAFF system in health and diseases, as well as an update on BAFF and autoimmunity, with particular focus on current clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fabienne Mackay
- Corresponding author at: Department of Immunology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. Tel.: +61 3 99030713; fax: +61 3 99030038.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ke Z, Liang D, Zeng Q, Ren Q, Ma H, Gui L, Chen S, Guo M, Xu Y, Gao W, Zhang S, Chen L. hsBAFF promotes proliferation and survival in cultured B lymphocytes via calcium signaling activation of mTOR pathway. Cytokine 2013; 62:310-21. [PMID: 23557796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF, also called BLyS, TALL-1, THANK, or zTNF4) has revealed its critical function in B lymphocyte proliferation and survival, as well as the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. However, the molecular mechanisms of excess BAFF-extended aggressive B lymphocytes have not been completely defined. Here we show that excessive hsBAFF-elevated [Ca(2+)]i activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, leading to proliferation and survival in B lymphocytes. This is supported by the findings that intracellular Ca(2+) chelator (BAPTA/AM) or mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) abolished the events. Sequentially, we observed that preventing [Ca(2+)]i elevation using EGTA or 2-APB dramatically inhibited hsBAFF activation of mTOR signaling, as well as cell growth and survival, suggesting that hsBAFF-induced extracellular Ca(2+) influx and ER Ca(2+) release elevates [Ca(2+)]i contributing to B lymphocyte proliferation and survival via activation of mTOR signaling. Further, we noticed that pretreatment with BAPTA/AM, EGTA or 2-APB blocked hsBAFF-increased phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and inhibiting CaMKII with KN93 attenuated hsBAFF-activated mTOR signaling, as well as cell growth and survival, revealing that the effects of hsBAFF-elevated [Ca(2+)]i on mTOR signaling as well as proliferation and survival in B lymphocytes is through stimulating phosphorylation of CaMKII. The results indicate that hsBAFF activates mTOR pathway triggering B lymphocyte proliferation and survival by calcium signaling. Our findings suggest that manipulation of intracellular Ca(2+) level or CaMKII and mTOR activity may be exploited for the prevention of excessive BAFF-induced aggressive B lymphocyte disorders and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ke
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Zhou J, Tiemann K, Chomchan P, Alluin J, Swiderski P, Burnett J, Zhang X, Forman S, Chen R, Rossi J. Dual functional BAFF receptor aptamers inhibit ligand-induced proliferation and deliver siRNAs to NHL cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:4266-83. [PMID: 23470998 PMCID: PMC3627597 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell–activating factor (BAFF)-receptor (BAFF-R) is restrictedly expressed on B-cells and is often overexpressed in B-cell malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. On binding to its ligand BAFF, proliferation and cell survival are increased, enabling cancer cells to proliferate faster than normal B-cells. Nucleic acid aptamers can bind to target ligands with high specificity and affinity and may offer therapeutic advantages over antibody-based approaches. In this study, we isolated several 2′-F–modified RNA aptamers targeting the B-cell–specific BAFF-R with nanomolar affinity using in vitro SELEX technology. The aptamers efficiently bound to BAFF-R on the surface of B-cells, blocked BAFF-mediated B-cell proliferation and were internalized into B-cells. Furthermore, chimeric molecules between the BAFF-R aptamer and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were specifically delivered to BAFF-R expressing cells with a similar efficiency as the aptamer alone. We demonstrate that a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA delivered by the BAFF-R aptamer was processed by Dicer and efficiently reduced levels of target mRNA and protein in Jeko-1 and Z138 human B-cell lines. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the dual-functional BAFF-R aptamer–siRNA conjugates are able to deliver siRNAs and block ligand mediated processes, suggesting it might be a promising combinatorial therapeutic agent for B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang KJ, Wang M. Potential effects of CRM1 inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 24:374-87. [PMID: 23357869 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2012.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive histotype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease has no known cure, which prompts the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents. Chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) may play a role in human neoplasia and serve as a novel target of cancer treatment. This study summarizes MCL pathogenesis and determines the involvement of CRM1 in the regulation of several vital signaling pathways contributing to MCL pathogenesis, including the pathways of cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, phosphoinositide kinase-3, nuclear factor-κB activation, and chromosomal stability. A preclinical study is also presented to compare the CRM1 status in MCL cell lines and primary MCL cells with normal B cells, as well as the therapeutic efficiency of CRM1 inhibition in MCL in vitro and in vivo, which make these agents potential targets of novel MCL treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jie Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; ; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li YJ, Jiang WQ, Rao HL, Huang JJ, Xia Y, Huang HQ, Lin TY, Xia ZJ, Li S, Li ZM. Expression of BAFF and BAFF-R in follicular lymphoma: correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50936. [PMID: 23272079 PMCID: PMC3521766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell activation factor (BAFF) and BAFF-receptor (BAFF-R) play crucial roles in the viability and proliferation of malignant lymphoma cells. Limited information exists regarding expression profiles and the prognostic role of BAFF and BAFF-R in follicular lymphoma (FL). We sought to determine the expression profiles of BAFF and BAFF-R in FL and to evaluate the correlation of BAFF and BAFF-R expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome of FL. Correlation between expression levels of BAFF detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) and serum levels of BAFF was also evaluated. METHODS Paraffin-embedded specimens from 115 patients were immunohistochemically examined for BAFF and BAFF-R expression. Expression levels were dichotomized into low versus high categories based on immunostaining intensity. The correlation of BAFF and BAFF-R expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and patient outcome was assessed. Serum levels of BAFF in 35 of the 115 patients with IHC data were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS BAFF and BAFF-R were expressed in 88.7% (102/115) and 87.8% (101/115) of the cases, respectively. BAFF expression was significantly correlated with only one clinicopathologic feature: Ann Arbor stage. No significant correlation was found between expression levels of BAFF detected by IHC and serum levels of BAFF detected by ELISA. High expression of BAFF-R, but not BAFF, was significantly correlated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS; P = 0.013) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.03). High expression of BAFF-R, bulky disease, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase were correlated with inferior PFS and OS in multivariate analysis. A prognostic scoring system incorporating these 3 risk factors identified 3 distinct prognostic groups with 5-year PFS of 59.4%, 41.9%, and 10.7% and OS of 91.3%, 79.7%, and 45.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with FL variably express BAFF and BAFF-R. High expression of BAFF-R, but not BAFF, may be an independent risk factor for PFS and OS in FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Lan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The complexity of the BAFF TNF-family members: Implications for autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:189-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Gilmore TD, Gerondakis S. The c-Rel Transcription Factor in Development and Disease. Genes Cancer 2012; 2:695-711. [PMID: 22207895 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911421925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Rel is a member of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor family. Unlike other NF-κB proteins that are expressed in a variety of cell types, high levels of c-Rel expression are found primarily in B and T cells, with many c-Rel target genes involved in lymphoid cell growth and survival. In addition to c-Rel playing a major role in mammalian B and T cell function, the human c-rel gene (REL) is a susceptibility locus for certain autoimmune diseases such as arthritis, psoriasis, and celiac disease. The REL locus is also frequently altered (amplified, mutated, rearranged), and expression of REL is increased in a variety of B and T cell malignancies and, to a lesser extent, in other cancer types. Thus, agents that modulate REL activity may have therapeutic benefits for certain human cancers and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim A, Park S, Lee JE, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Kang HJ, Lee SS. The dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 exhibits anti-proliferative activity and overcomes bortezomib resistance in mantle cell lymphoma cells. Leuk Res 2012; 36:912-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|