1
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Shin E, Park C, Park T, Chung H, Hwang H, Bak SH, Chung KS, Yoon SR, Kim TD, Choi I, Lee CH, Jung H, Noh JY. Deficiency of thioredoxin-interacting protein results in age-related thrombocytopenia due to megakaryocyte oxidative stress. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:834-850. [PMID: 38072375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are generated from megakaryocytes (MKs), mainly located in the bone marrow (BM). Megakaryopoiesis can be affected by genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, and aging. The molecular mechanisms underlying platelet count regulation have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we investigated the role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a protein that regulates cellular metabolism in megakaryopoiesis, using a Txnip-/- mouse model. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Txnip-/- mice (2-27-month-old) were studied. BM-derived MKs were analyzed to investigate the role of TXNIP in megakaryopoiesis with age. The global transcriptome of BM-derived CD41+ megakaryocyte precursors (MkPs) of WT and Txnip-/- mice were compared. The CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells isolated from human cord blood were differentiated into MKs. RESULTS Txnip-/- mice developed thrombocytopenia at 4 to 5 months that worsened with age. During ex vivo megakaryopoiesis, Txnip-/- MkPs remained small, with decreased levels of MK-specific markers. Critically, Txnip-/- MkPs exhibited reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which was related to AKT activity. Txnip-/- MkPs also showed elevated glycolysis alongside increased glucose uptake for ATP production. Total RNA sequencing revealed enrichment for oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes in differentially expressed genes between Txnip-/- and WT MkPs. The effects of TXNIP on MKs were recapitulated during the differentiation of human cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that the megakaryopoiesis pathway becomes exhausted with age in Txnip-/- mice with a decrease in terminal, mature MKs that response to thrombocytopenic challenge. Overall, this study demonstrates the role of TXNIP in megakaryopoiesis, regulating mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Shin
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Charny Park
- Bioinformatics Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Taeho Park
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunmin Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Hwang
- Bioinformatics Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Bak
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Stem Cell Convergence Research Center and Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
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2
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Petzold T, Zhang Z, Ballesteros I, Saleh I, Polzin A, Thienel M, Liu L, Ul Ain Q, Ehreiser V, Weber C, Kilani B, Mertsch P, Götschke J, Cremer S, Fu W, Lorenz M, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Raatz E, El-Nemr S, Görlach A, Marhuenda E, Stark K, Pircher J, Stegner D, Gieger C, Schmidt-Supprian M, Gaertner F, Almendros I, Kelm M, Schulz C, Hidalgo A, Massberg S. Neutrophil "plucking" on megakaryocytes drives platelet production and boosts cardiovascular disease. Immunity 2022; 55:2285-2299.e7. [PMID: 36272416 PMCID: PMC9767676 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular neutrophils and platelets collaborate in maintaining host integrity, but their interaction can also trigger thrombotic complications. We report here that cooperation between neutrophil and platelet lineages extends to the earliest stages of platelet formation by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Using intravital microscopy, we show that neutrophils "plucked" intravascular megakaryocyte extensions, termed proplatelets, to control platelet production. Following CXCR4-CXCL12-dependent migration towards perisinusoidal megakaryocytes, plucking neutrophils actively pulled on proplatelets and triggered myosin light chain and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase activation through reactive oxygen species. By these mechanisms, neutrophils accelerate proplatelet growth and facilitate continuous release of platelets in steady state. Following myocardial infarction, plucking neutrophils drove excessive release of young, reticulated platelets and boosted the risk of recurrent ischemia. Ablation of neutrophil plucking normalized thrombopoiesis and reduced recurrent thrombosis after myocardial infarction and thrombus burden in venous thrombosis. We establish neutrophil plucking as a target to reduce thromboischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Iván Ballesteros
- Program of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inas Saleh
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Thienel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lulu Liu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Qurrat Ul Ain
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Vincent Ehreiser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Badr Kilani
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Pontus Mertsch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jeremias Götschke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Cremer
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Raatz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shaza El-Nemr
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Marhuenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Gaertner
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Program of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany,Corresponding author
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3
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Vauclard A, Bellio M, Valet C, Borret M, Payrastre B, Severin S. Obesity: Effects on bone marrow homeostasis and platelet activation. Thromb Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Kaur J, Rawat Y, Sood V, Periwal N, Rathore DK, Kumar S, Kumar N, Bhattacharyya S. Replication of Dengue Virus in K562-Megakaryocytes Induces Suppression in the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:784070. [PMID: 35087488 PMCID: PMC8787197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus can infect human megakaryocytes leading to decreased platelet biogenesis. In this article, we report a study of Dengue replication in human K562 cells undergoing PMA-induced differentiation into megakaryocytes. PMA-induced differentiation in these cells recapitulates steps of megakaryopoiesis including gene activation, expression of CD41/61 and CD61 platelet surface markers and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results show differentiating megakaryocyte cells to support higher viral replication without any apparent increase in virus entry. Further, Dengue replication suppresses the accumulation of ROS in differentiating cells, probably by only augmenting the activity of the transcription factor NFE2L2 without influencing the expression of the coding gene. Interestingly pharmacological modulation of NFE2L2 activity showed a simultaneous but opposite effect on intracellular ROS and virus replication suggesting the former to have an inhibitory effect on the later. Also cells that differentiated while supporting intracellular virus replication showed reduced level of surface markers compared to uninfected differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaran Kaur
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Yogita Rawat
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Periwal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Rathore
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Shrikant Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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5
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Ngo ATP, Parra-Izquierdo I, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT. Rho GTPase regulation of reactive oxygen species generation and signalling in platelet function and disease. Small GTPases 2021; 12:440-457. [PMID: 33459160 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1878001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are master regulators and effectors of haemostasis with increasingly recognized functions as mediators of inflammation and immune responses. The Rho family of GTPase members Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA are known to be major components of the intracellular signalling network critical to platelet shape change and morphological dynamics, thus playing a major role in platelet spreading, secretion and thrombus formation. Initially linked to the regulation of actomyosin contraction and lamellipodia formation, recent reports have uncovered non-canonical functions of platelet RhoGTPases in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), where intrinsically generated ROS modulate platelet function and contribute to thrombus formation. Platelet RhoGTPases orchestrate oxidative processes and cytoskeletal rearrangement in an interconnected manner to regulate intracellular signalling networks underlying platelet activity and thrombus formation. Herein we review our current knowledge of the regulation of platelet ROS generation by RhoGTPases and their relationship with platelet cytoskeletal reorganization, activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ivan Parra-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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6
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Xu Y, Hu M, Chen S, Chen F, Wang C, Tang Y, Du C, Wang X, Zeng H, Shen M, Chen M, Wu S, Zeng D, Wang A, Chen G, Su Y, Wang S, Wang J. Tannic acid attenuated irradiation-induced apoptosis in megakaryocytes. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:409-416. [PMID: 30146064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which shows potential roles in damaging the DNA and proteins at the nucleus, and eventually results in apoptosis and even cell death. Antioxidant agents can inhibit the generation of ROS after IR exposure. Tannic acid (TA), has an antioxidant activity involving in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, little is known about the effects of TA on irradiation-induced apoptosis in megakaryocytes. Here, we evaluated the anti-radiation activity of TA in megakaryocytes. Our results showed that TA protected megakaryocytes from apoptosis induced by IR, attenuated IR-induced increases in the production of ROS, and inhibited the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, TA down-regulated NAPDH oxidase 1 (Nox1) expression, and decreased the phosphorylated levels of JNK and p38. Furthermore, JNK inhibitor could reduce apoptosis induced by X-irradiation in M07e cells. In vivo experiments confirmed that TA could promote the platelet recovery, reduce the percentage of apoptosis CD41+ megakaryocytes in bone marrow and raise survival during 30 days in mice by total body irradiation. In conclusion, TA can protecte the megakaryocytes from apoptosis caused by IR through inhibiting Nox1 expression to reduce ROS generation and repressing JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Changhong Du
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Sunan Wu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dongfeng Zeng
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guangwei Chen
- Department of Health Service, Army Health Training Base, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Yongping Su
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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7
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Prieto-Bermejo R, Romo-González M, Pérez-Fernández A, Ijurko C, Hernández-Hernández Á. Reactive oxygen species in haematopoiesis: leukaemic cells take a walk on the wild side. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:125. [PMID: 29940987 PMCID: PMC6019308 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is related to ageing and degenerative diseases, including cancer. However, a moderate amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required for the regulation of cellular signalling and gene expression. A low level of ROS is important for maintaining quiescence and the differentiation potential of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whereas the level of ROS increases during haematopoietic differentiation; thus, suggesting the importance of redox signalling in haematopoiesis. Here, we will analyse the importance of ROS for haematopoiesis and include evidence showing that cells from leukaemia patients live under oxidative stress. The potential sources of ROS will be described. Finally, the level of oxidative stress in leukaemic cells can also be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. In this regard, the reliance of front-line anti-leukaemia chemotherapeutics on increased levels of ROS for their mechanism of action, as well as the active search for novel compounds that modulate the redox state of leukaemic cells, will be analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prieto-Bermejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Lab. 122, Edificio Departamental, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Romo-González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Lab. 122, Edificio Departamental, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Lab. 122, Edificio Departamental, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Lab. 122, Edificio Departamental, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Lab. 122, Edificio Departamental, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,IBSAL (Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.
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8
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Megakaryocyte and polyploidization. Exp Hematol 2018; 57:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Apocynin Prevents Abnormal Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Activation Induced by Chronic Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9258937. [PMID: 29317986 PMCID: PMC5727790 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9258937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chronic stress (ECS) has been identified as a trigger of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Changes in redox balance, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and platelet hyperreactivity were detected in both ECS and ACS. However, the mechanisms by which ECS predisposes to thrombosis are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the impact of ECS on platelet activation and megakaryopoiesis in mice and the effect of Apocynin in this experimental setting. ECS induced by 4 days of forced swimming stress (FSS) treatment predisposed to arterial thrombosis and increased oxidative stress (e.g., plasma malondialdehyde levels). Interestingly, Apocynin treatment prevented these alterations. In addition, FSS induced abnormal megakaryopoiesis increasing the number and the maturation state of bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) and affecting circulating platelets. In particular, a higher number of large and reticulated platelets with marked functional activation were detected after FSS. Apocynin decreased the total MK number and prevented their ability to generate ROS without affecting the percentage of CD42d+ cells, and it reduced the platelet hyperactivation in stressed mice. In conclusion, Apocynin restores the physiological megakaryopoiesis and platelet behavior, preventing the detrimental effect of chronic stress on thrombosis, suggesting its potential use in the occurrence of thrombosis associated with ECS.
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10
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Pan T, Wang Q, Zhu L, Qi J, You T, Han Y. Downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α contributes to impaired megakaryopoiesis in immune thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1875-1886. [DOI: 10.1160/th17-03-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SummaryImpaired megakaryocyte maturation and exaggerated platelet destruction play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Previous studies have shown that HIF-1α promotes the homing and engraftment of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), thereby stimulating HSC differentiation. However, whether HIF-1α plays a role in megakaryocytic maturation and platelet destruction in ITP remains elusive. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we demonstrated that there were lower HIF-1α levels in the bone marrow (BM) of ITP patients than in that of healthy donors and patients with chemotherapy-related thrombocytopenia. Subjects with lower megakaryocyte (<100/slide) and platelet (<30 × 109/L) counts exhibited significantly decreased BM HIF-1α levels, compared to those with higher megakaryocyte (≥100/slide) and platelet (≥30 × 109/L) counts. To test whether HIF-1α regulates megakaryopoiesis and platelet production, megakaryocytes derived from mouse BM cells were treated with an HIF-1α activator (IOX-2; 50 µM) or inhibitor (PX-478; 50 µM). PX-478 significantly decreased HIF-1α expression, cell size, and the populations of CD41-positive and high-ploidy cells. Importantly, to evaluate the role of HIF-1α as a potential therapeutic target in ITP, mouse BM cells were incubated with plasma from ITP patients in the presence or absence of IOX-2. IOX-2 significantly attenuated the ITP plasma-induced decrease in cell size as well as the proportions of CD41-positive and high-ploidy cells. In addition, IOX-2 increased the number of megakaryocytes from mouse BM cells treated with ITP plasma. Our findings indicate that decreased HIF-1α may contribute to impaired megakaryopoiesis in ITP, and HIF-1α may provide a potential therapy for ITP patients.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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11
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Ma MW, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang R, Dhandapani KM, Vadlamudi RK, Brann DW. NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:7. [PMID: 28095923 PMCID: PMC5240251 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in ischemic and traumatic brain injury. The brain is highly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand. However, therapies attempting to scavenge free radicals have shown little success. By shifting the focus to inhibit the generation of damaging free radicals, recent studies have identified NADPH oxidase as a major contributor to disease pathology. NADPH oxidase has the primary function to generate free radicals. In particular, there is growing evidence that the isoforms NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 can be upregulated by a variety of neurodegenerative factors. The majority of recent studies have shown that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase enzymes are neuroprotective and able to reduce detrimental aspects of pathology following ischemic and traumatic brain injury, as well as in chronic neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarize evidence supporting the role of NADPH oxidase in the pathology of these neurological disorders, explores pharmacological strategies of targeting this major oxidative stress pathway, and outlines obstacles that need to be overcome for successful translation of these therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry W Ma
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Medical Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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12
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Li MS, Adesina SE, Ellis CL, Gooch JL, Hoover RS, Williams CR. NADPH oxidase-2 mediates zinc deficiency-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 312:C47-C55. [PMID: 27806940 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00208.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zn2+ deficiency (ZnD) is comorbid with chronic kidney disease and worsens kidney complications. Oxidative stress is implicated in the detrimental effects of ZnD. However, the sources of oxidative stress continue to be identified. Since NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the primary enzymes that contribute to renal reactive oxygen species generation, this study's objective was to determine the role of these enzymes in ZnD-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesized that ZnD promotes NADPH oxidase upregulation, resulting in oxidative stress and kidney damage. To test this hypothesis, wild-type mice were pair-fed a ZnD or Zn2+-adequate diet. To further investigate the effects of Zn2+ bioavailability on NADPH oxidase regulation, mouse tubular epithelial cells were exposed to the Zn2+ chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) or vehicle followed by Zn2+ supplementation. We found that ZnD diet-fed mice develop microalbuminuria, electrolyte imbalance, and whole kidney hypertrophy. These markers of kidney damage are accompanied by elevated Nox2 expression and H2O2 levels. In mouse tubular epithelial cells, TPEN-induced ZnD stimulates H2O2 generation. In this in vitro model of ZnD, enhanced H2O2 generation is prevented by NADPH oxidase inhibition with diphenyleneiodonium. Specifically, TPEN promotes Nox2 expression and activation, which are reversed when intracellular Zn2+ levels are restored following Zn2+ supplementation. Finally, Nox2 knockdown by siRNA prevents TPEN-induced H2O2 generation and cellular hypertrophy in vitro. Together, these findings reveal that Nox2 is a Zn2+-regulated enzyme that mediates ZnD-induced oxidative stress and kidney hypertrophy. Understanding the specific mechanisms by which ZnD contributes to kidney damage may have an important impact on the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirandy S Li
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherry E Adesina
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carla L Ellis
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Gooch
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia; and.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert S Hoover
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Clintoria R Williams
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; .,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Oxidative stress and hypoxia in normal and leukemic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:540-60. [PMID: 27179622 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions, self-renewal and differentiation, are finely regulated by both intrinsic mechanisms such as transcriptional and epigenetic regulators and extrinsic signals originating in the bone marrow microenvironment (HSC niche) or in the body (humoral mediators). The interaction between regulatory signals and cellular metabolism is an emerging area. Several metabolic pathways function differently in HSCs compared with progenitors and differentiated cells. Hypoxia, acting through hypoxia-inducing factors, has emerged as a key regulator of stem cell biology and acts by maintaining HSC quiescence and a condition of metabolic dormancy based on anaerobic glycolytic energetic metabolism, with consequent low production reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high antioxidant defense. Hematopoietic cell differentiation is accompanied by changes in oxidative metabolism (decrease of anaerobic glycolysis and increase of oxidative phosphorylation) and increased levels of ROS. Leukemic stem cells, defined as the cells that initiate and maintain the leukemic process, show peculiar metabolic properties in that they are more dependent on oxidative respiration than on glycolysis and are more sensitive to oxidative stress than normal HSCs. Several mitochondrial abnormalities have been described in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, explaining the shift to aerobic glycolysis observed in these cells and offering the unique opportunity for therapeutic metabolic targeting. Finally, frequent mutations of the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) enzyme are observed in AML cells, in which the mutated enzyme acts as an oncogenic driver and can be targeted using specific inhibitors under clinical evaluation with promising results.
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14
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Delaney MK, Kim K, Estevez B, Xu Z, Stojanovic-Terpo A, Shen B, Ushio-Fukai M, Cho J, Du X. Differential Roles of the NADPH-Oxidase 1 and 2 in Platelet Activation and Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:846-54. [PMID: 26988594 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to regulate platelet activation; however, the mechanisms of ROS production during platelet activation remain unclear. Platelets express different isoforms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) oxidases (NOXs). Here, we investigated the role of NOX1 and NOX2 in ROS generation and platelet activation using NOX1 and NOX2 knockout mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS NOX1(-/Y) platelets showed selective defects in G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated platelet activation induced by thrombin and thromboxane A2 analog U46619, but were not affected in platelet activation induced by collagen-related peptide, a glycoprotein VI agonist. In contrast, NOX2(-/-) platelets showed potent inhibition of collagen-related peptide-induced platelet activation, and also showed partial inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet activation. Consistently, production of ROS was inhibited in NOX1(-/Y) platelets stimulated with thrombin, but not collagen-related peptide, whereas NOX2(-/-) platelets showed reduced ROS generation induced by collagen-related peptide or thrombin. Reduced ROS generation in NOX1/2-deficient platelets is associated with impaired activation of Syk and phospholipase Cγ2, but minimally affected mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Interestingly, laser-induced arterial thrombosis was impaired but the bleeding time was not affected in NOX2(-/-) mice. Wild-type thrombocytopenic mice injected with NOX2(-/-) platelets also showed defective arterial thrombosis, suggesting an important role for platelet NOX2 in thrombosis in vivo but not hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS NOX1 and NOX2 play differential roles in different platelet activation pathways and in thrombosis. ROS generated by these enzymes promotes platelet activation via the Syk/phospholipase Cγ2/calcium signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keegan Delaney
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Kyungho Kim
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Brian Estevez
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Zheng Xu
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Aleksandra Stojanovic-Terpo
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Bo Shen
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Xiaoping Du
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.K.D., K.K., B.E., Z.X., A.S.-T., B.S., M.U.-F., J.C., X.D.) and Anesthesiology (J.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago.
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15
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Murakami S, Motohashi H. Roles of Nrf2 in cell proliferation and differentiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:168-178. [PMID: 26119783 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 system plays pivotal roles in defense mechanisms by regulating cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 is an inducible transcription factor that activates a battery of genes encoding antioxidant proteins and phase II enzymes in response to oxidative stress and electrophilic xenobiotics. The activity of Nrf2 is regulated by Keap1, which promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Nrf2 under normal conditions and releases the inhibited Nrf2 activity upon exposure to the stresses. Though an impressive contribution of the Keap1-Nrf2 system to the protection from exogenous and endogenous electrophilic insults has been well established, a line of evidence has suggested that the Keap1-Nrf2 system has various novel functions, particularly in cell proliferation and differentiation. Because the proliferation and differentiation of diverse cell types are often influenced and modulated by the cellular redox balance, Nrf2 has been considered to control these cellular processes by regulating the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, analyses of the genome-wide distribution of Nrf2 have identified new sets of Nrf2 target genes whose products are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation but not necessarily in the regulation of oxidative stress. Considering the most characteristic features of Nrf2 as an inducible transcription factor, a newly emerged concept proposes that the Keap1-Nrf2 system translates environmental stresses into regulatory network signals in cell fate determination. In this review, we introduce the contribution of Nrf2 to lineage-specific differentiation, maintenance and differentiation of stem cells, and proliferation of normal and cancer cells, and we discuss how the response to fluctuating environments modulates cell behavior through the Keap1-Nrf2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Murakami
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
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16
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Tormos AM, Taléns-Visconti R, Bonora-Centelles A, Pérez S, Sastre J. Oxidative stress triggers cytokinesis failure in hepatocytes upon isolation. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:927-34. [PMID: 25744598 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1016019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Primary hepatocytes are highly differentiated cells and proliferatively quiescent. However, the stress produced during liver digestion seems to activate cell cycle entry by proliferative/dedifferentiation programs that still remain unclear. The aim of this work was to assess whether the oxidative stress associated with hepatocyte isolation affects cell cycle and particularly cytokinesis, the final step of mitosis. Hepatocytes were isolated from C57BL/6 mice by collagenase perfusion in the absence and presence of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Polyploidy, cell cycle, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied by flow cytometry (DNA, phospho-histone 3, and CellROX(®) Deep Red) and Western blotting (cyclins B1 and D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen). mRNA expression of cyclins A1, B1, B2, D1, and F by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was also assessed. Glutathione levels were measured by mass spectrometry. Here we show that hepatocyte isolation enhanced cell cycle entry, increased hepatocyte binucleation, and caused marked glutathione oxidation. Addition of 5 mM NAC to the hepatocyte isolation media prevented glutathione depletion, partially blocked ROS production and cell cycle entry of hepatocytes, and avoided the blockade of mitosis progression, abrogating defective cytokinesis and diminishing the formation of binucleated hepatocytes during isolation. Therefore, addition of NAC to the isolation media decreased the generation of polyploid hepatocytes confirming that oxidative stress occurs during hepatocyte isolation and it is responsible, at least in part, for cytokinesis failure and hepatocyte binucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tormos
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Valencia , Spain
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17
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Shinohara A, Imai Y, Nakagawa M, Takahashi T, Ichikawa M, Kurokawa M. Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Mark and Influence the Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte Progenitor Fate of Common Myeloid Progenitors. Stem Cells 2014; 32:548-57. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Shinohara
- Department of Hematology & Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoichi Imai
- Department of Hematology & Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakagawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology & Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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18
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Walsh TG, Berndt MC, Carrim N, Cowman J, Kenny D, Metharom P. The role of Nox1 and Nox2 in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation. Redox Biol 2014; 2:178-86. [PMID: 24494191 PMCID: PMC3909778 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the platelet-specific collagen receptor, glycoprotein (GP) VI, induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; however the relevance of ROS to GPVI-mediated platelet responses remains unclear. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the role of the ROS-producing NADPH oxidase (Nox)1 and 2 complexes in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and collagen-induced thrombus formation. Methods and results ROS production was measured by quantitating changes in the oxidation-sensitive dye, H2DCF-DA, following platelet activation with the GPVI-specific agonist, collagen related peptide (CRP). Using a pharmacological inhibitor specific for Nox1, 2-acetylphenothiazine (ML171), and Nox2 deficient mice, we show that Nox1 is the key Nox homolog regulating GPVI-dependent ROS production. Nox1, but not Nox2, was essential for CRP-dependent thromboxane (Tx)A2 production, which was mediated in part through p38 MAPK signaling; while neither Nox1 nor Nox2 was significantly involved in regulating CRP-induced platelet aggregation/integrin αIIbβ3 activation, platelet spreading, or dense granule and α-granule release (ATP release and P-selectin surface expression, respectively). Ex-vivo perfusion analysis of mouse whole blood revealed that both Nox1 and Nox2 were involved in collagen-mediated thrombus formation at arterial shear. Conclusion Together these results demonstrate a novel role for Nox1 in regulating GPVI-induced ROS production, which is essential for optimal p38 activation and subsequent TxA2 production, providing an explanation for reduced thrombus formation following Nox1 inhibition. Nox1, but not Nox2 mediates GPVI-induced ROS production. GPVI-specific, CRP-activated platelet aggregation, spreading, secretion and αIIbβ3 activation is Nox1/2-independent. GPVI-induced thromboxane A2 production is ROS-dependent, which is mediated by p38 signaling. Collagen-induced ROS production and aggregation is Nox1-dependent. Both Nox1 and Nox2 regulate collagen-induced thrombus formation at arterial shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Walsh
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M C Berndt
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - N Carrim
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Cowman
- Department of Molecular Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Kenny
- Department of Molecular Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Metharom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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19
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Chen S, Su Y, Wang J. ROS-mediated platelet generation: a microenvironment-dependent manner for megakaryocyte proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e722. [PMID: 23846224 PMCID: PMC3730424 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have an important role in the body because of their manifold functions in haemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Platelets are produced by megakaryocytes (MKs) that are differentiated from haematopoietic stem cells via several consecutive stages, including MK lineage commitment, MK progenitor proliferation, MK differentiation and maturation, cell apoptosis, and platelet release. During differentiation, the cells migrate from the osteoblastic niche to the vascular niche in the bone marrow, which is accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent oxidation state changes in the microenvironment, suggesting that ROS can distinctly influence platelet generation and function in a microenvironment-dependent manner. The objective of this review is to reveal the role of ROS in regulating MK proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and platelet activation, thereby providing new insight into the mechanism of platelet generation, which may lead to the development of new therapeutic agents for thrombocytopenia and/or thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- College of Preventive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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20
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Eliades A, Papadantonakis N, Matsuura S, Mi R, Bais MV, Trackman P, Ravid K. Megakaryocyte polyploidy is inhibited by lysyl oxidase propeptide. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1242-50. [PMID: 23518500 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs), the platelet precursors, undergo an endomitotic cell cycle that leads to polyploidy. Lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) is generated from lysyl oxidase (LOX) pro-enzyme after proteolytical cleavage. We recently reported that LOX, a known matrix cross-linking enzyme, contributes to MK lineage expansion. In addition, LOX expression levels are ploidy-dependent, with polyploidy MKs having minimal levels. This led us to test the effects of LOX-PP on the number and ploidy of primary MKs. LOX-PP significantly decreases mouse bone marrow MK ploidy coupled with a reduction in MK size. MK number is unchanged upon LOX-PP treatment. Analysis of LOX-PP- or vehicle-treated MKs by western blotting revealed a reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and in the levels of its downstream targets, cyclin D3 and cyclin E, which are known to play a central role in MK endomitosis. Pull-down assays and immunochemistry staining indicated that LOX-PP interacts with α-tubulin and the mictotubules, which can contribute to decreased MK ploidy. Thus, our findings defined a role for LOX-PP in reducing MK ploidy. This suggests that high-level expression of LOX in aberrantly proliferating MKs could play a part in inhibiting their polyploidization via LOX-PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eliades
- Department of Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
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21
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Eliades A, Matsuura S, Ravid K. Oxidases and reactive oxygen species during hematopoiesis: a focus on megakaryocytes. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3355-62. [PMID: 22331622 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as a result of various reactions, control an array of cellular processes. The role of ROS during megakaryocyte (MK) development has been a subject of interest and research. The bone marrow niche is a site of MK differentiation and maturation. In this environment, a gradient of oxygen tension, from normoxia to hypoxia results in different levels of ROS, impacting cellular physiology. This article provides an overview of major sources of ROS, their implication in different signaling pathways, and their effect on cellular physiology, with a focus on megakaryopoiesis. The importance of ROS-generating oxidases in MK biology and pathology, including myelofibrosis, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eliades
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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McCoy MW, Moreland SM, Detweiler CS. Hemophagocytic macrophages in murine typhoid fever have an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3642-9. [PMID: 22868497 PMCID: PMC3457584 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00656-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Histiocytes are white blood cells of the monocytic lineage and include macrophages and dendritic cells. In patients with a variety of infectious and noninfectious inflammatory disorders, histiocytes can engulf nonapoptotic leukocytes and nonsenescent erythrocytes and thus become hemophagocytes. We report here the identification and characterization of splenic hemophagocytes in a natural model of murine typhoid fever. The development of a flow-cytometric method allowed us to identify hemophagocytes based on their greater than 6N (termed 6N+) DNA content. Characterization of the 6N+ population from infected mice showed that these cells consist primarily of macrophages rather than dendritic cells and contain T lymphocytes, consistent with hemophagocytosis. Most 6N+ macrophages from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected mice contain intact DNA, consistent with hemophagocytosis. In contrast, most 6N+ macrophages from control mice or mice infected with a different bacterial pathogen, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, contain damaged DNA. Finally, 6N+ splenic macrophages from S. Typhimurium-infected mice express markers consistent with an anti-inflammatory M2 activation state rather than a classical M1 activation state. We conclude that macrophages are the predominant splenic hemophagocyte in this disease model but not in Y. pseudotuberculosis-infected mice. The anti-inflammatory phenotype of hemophagocytic macrophages suggests that these cells contribute to the shift from acute to chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa W McCoy
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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23
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Sroga JM, Ma X, Das SK. Developmental regulation of decidual cell polyploidy at the site of implantation. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2012; 4:1475-86. [PMID: 22652887 DOI: 10.2741/s347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy has been reported in several animal cells, as well as within humans; however the mechanism of developmental regulation of this process remains poorly understood. Polyploidy occurs in normal biologic processes as well as in pathologic states. Decidual polyploid cells are terminally differentiated cells with a critical role in continued uterine development during embryo implantation and growth. Here we review the mechanisms involved in polyploidy cell formation in normal developmental processes, with focus on known regulatory aspects in decidual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Sroga
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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24
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Choi J. Oxidative stress, endogenous antioxidants, alcohol, and hepatitis C: pathogenic interactions and therapeutic considerations. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1135-50. [PMID: 22306508 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne pathogen that was identified as an etiologic agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis in 1989. HCV is estimated to have infected at least 170 million people worldwide. The majority of patients infected with HCV do not clear the virus and become chronically infected, and chronic HCV infection increases the risk for hepatic steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV induces oxidative/nitrosative stress from multiple sources, including inducible nitric oxide synthase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, hepatocyte NAD(P)H oxidases, and inflammation, while decreasing glutathione. The cumulative oxidative burden is likely to promote both hepatic and extrahepatic conditions precipitated by HCV through a combination of local and more distal effects of reactive species, and clinical, animal, and in vitro studies strongly point to a role of oxidative/nitrosative stress in HCV-induced pathogenesis. Oxidative stress and hepatopathogenesis induced by HCV are exacerbated by even low doses of alcohol. Alcohol and reactive species may have other effects on hepatitis C patients such as modulation of the host immune system, viral replication, and positive selection of HCV sequence variants that contribute to antiviral resistance. This review summarizes the current understanding of redox interactions of HCV, outlining key experimental findings, directions for future research, and potential applications to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinah Choi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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25
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Hepatocytes polyploidization and cell cycle control in liver physiopathology. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:282430. [PMID: 23150829 PMCID: PMC3485502 DOI: 10.1155/2012/282430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cells in mammalian tissues usually contain a diploid complement of chromosomes. However, numerous studies have demonstrated a major role of "diploid-polyploid conversion" during physiopathological processes in several tissues. In the liver parenchyma, progressive polyploidization of hepatocytes takes place during postnatal growth. Indeed, at the suckling-weaning transition, cytokinesis failure events induce the genesis of binucleated tetraploid liver cells. Insulin signalling, through regulation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, is essential in the establishment of liver tetraploidization by controlling cytoskeletal organisation and consequently mitosis progression. Liver cell polyploidy is generally considered to indicate terminal differentiation and senescence, and both lead to a progressive loss of cell pluripotency associated to a markedly decreased replication capacity. Although adult liver is a quiescent organ, it retains a capacity to proliferate and to modulate its ploidy in response to various stimuli or aggression (partial hepatectomy, metabolic overload (i.e., high copper and iron hepatic levels), oxidative stress, toxic insult, and chronic hepatitis etc.). Here we review the mechanisms and functional consequences of hepatocytes polyploidization during normal and pathological liver growth.
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26
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Ma X, Gao F, Rusie A, Hemingway J, Ostmann AB, Sroga JM, Jegga AG, Das SK. Decidual cell polyploidization necessitates mitochondrial activity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26774. [PMID: 22046353 PMCID: PMC3201964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular polyploidy has been widely reported in nature, yet its developmental mechanism and function remain poorly understood. In the present study, to better define the aspects of decidual cell polyploidy, we isolated pure polyploid and non-polyploid decidual cell populations from the in vivo decidual bed. Three independent RNA pools prepared for each population were then subjected to the Affymetrix gene chip analysis for the whole mouse genome transcripts. Our data revealed up-regulation of 1015 genes and down-regulation of 1207 genes in the polyploid populations, as compared to the non-polyploid group. Comparative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization results indeed confirmed differential expressional regulation of several genes between the two populations. Based on functional enrichment analyses, up-regulated polyploidy genes appeared to implicate several functions, which primarily include cell/nuclear division, ATP binding, metabolic process, and mitochondrial activity, whereas that of down-regulated genes primarily included apoptosis and immune processes. Further analyses of genes that are related to mitochondria and bi-nucleation showed differential and regional expression within the decidual bed, consistent with the pattern of polyploidy. Consistently, studies revealed a marked induction of mitochondrial mass and ATP production in polyploid cells. The inhibition of mitochondrial activity by various pharmacological inhibitors, as well as by gene-specific targeting using siRNA-mediated technology showed a dramatic attenuation of polyploidy and bi-nucleation development during in vitro stromal cell decidualization, suggesting mitochondria play a major role in positive regulation of decidual cell polyploidization. Collectively, analyses of unique polyploidy markers and molecular signaling networks may be useful to further characterize functional aspects of decidual cell polyploidy at the site of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Ma
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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27
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Abstract
Platelets are a remarkable mammalian adaptation that are required for human survival by virtue of their ability to prevent and arrest bleeding. Ironically, however, in the past century, the platelets' hemostatic activity became maladaptive for the increasingly large percentage of individuals who develop age-dependent progressive atherosclerosis. As a result, platelets also make a major contribution to ischemic thrombotic vascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. In this brief review, I provide historical descriptions of a highly selected group of topics to provide a framework for understanding our current knowledge and the trends that are likely to continue into the future of platelet research. For convenience, I separate the eras of platelet research into the "Descriptive Period" extending from ~1880-1960 and the "Mechanistic Period" encompassing the past ~50 years since 1960. We currently are reaching yet another inflection point, as there is a major shift from a focus on traditional biochemistry and cell and molecular biology to an era of single molecule biophysics, single cell biology, single cell molecular biology, structural biology, computational simulations, and the high-throughput, data-dense techniques collectively named with the "omics postfix". Given the progress made in understanding, diagnosing, and treating many rare and common platelet disorders during the past 50 years, I think it appropriate to consider it a Golden Age of Platelet Research and to recognize all of the investigators who have made important contributions to this remarkable achievement..
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S. Coller
- Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, Tel: 212-327-7490, Fax: 212-327-7493
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28
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Pan R, Wang J, Nardi MA, Li Z. The inhibition effect of anti-GPIIIa49-66 antibody on megakaryocyte differentiation. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106:484-90. [PMID: 21713325 DOI: 10.1160/th11-03-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that patients with early-onset HIV-1 ITP developed a unique anti-platelet integrin GPIIIa antibody against the GPIIIa49-66 epitope. Anti-GPIIIa49-66 antibody-induced platelet fragmentation requires sequential activation of the platelet 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) and NADPH oxidase to release reactive oxygen species (ROS). 12-LO is upstream of the NADPH oxidase pathway and 12(S)-HETE, the product of 12-LO, induces the same oxidative platelet fragmentation as anti-GPIIIa49-66. Since the megakaryocyte (MK) is the progenitor cell for platelets, we have investigated the effect of anti-GPIIIa49-66 on MK differentiation and, in particular, the potential role of anti-GPIIIa49-66 induced ROS in this process. We first show that polyclonal anti-GPIIIa49-66 antibody isolated from HIV-1 ITP patients inhibits MK proliferation 2.5-fold in in vitro culture of human cord blood CD34+ cells driven by thrombopoietin (TPO). We also observe a three-fold decrease in the number of MK colony-forming units in the presence of a human monoclonal anti-GPIIIa49-66 antibody. However, we could not detect ROS release in DCFH-loaded mouse megakaryoblastic cells L8057 treated with anti-GPIIIa49-66 antibody. In addition, 12(S)-HETE does not inhibit the in vitro differentiation of L8057 cells induced by TPO. In fact, we found a dose dependent increase in the percentage of CD41 positive cells (from 17.1% to 48.7%) in in vitro culture of L8057 cells treated with various concentrations of H2O2 (from 5 to 20 μM). We therefore conclude that the anti-GPIIIa49-66 antibody inhibits MK differentiation through β3 integrin signalling independent of ROS release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Pan
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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29
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Eliades A, Papadantonakis N, Bhupatiraju A, Burridge KA, Johnston-Cox HA, Migliaccio AR, Crispino JD, Lucero HA, Trackman PC, Ravid K. Control of megakaryocyte expansion and bone marrow fibrosis by lysyl oxidase. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27630-8. [PMID: 21665949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.243113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX), a matrix cross-linking protein, is known to be selectively expressed and to enhance a fibrotic phenotype. A recent study of ours showed that LOX oxidizes the PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR-β), leading to amplified downstream signaling. Here, we examined the expression and functions of LOX in megakaryocytes (MKs), the platelet precursors. Cells committed to the MK lineage undergo mitotic proliferation to yield diploid cells, followed by endomitosis and acquisition of polyploidy. Intriguingly, LOX expression is detected in diploid-tetraploid MKs, but scarce in polyploid MKs. PDGFR-BB is an inducer of mitotic proliferation in MKs. LOX inhibition with β-aminopropionitrile reduces PDGFR-BB binding to cells and downstream signaling, as well as its proliferative effect on the MK lineage. Inhibition of LOX activity has no influence on MK polyploidy. We next rationalized that, in a system with an abundance of low ploidy MKs, LOX could be highly expressed and with functional significance. Thus, we resorted to GATA-1(low) mice, where there is an increase in low ploidy MKs, augmented levels of PDGF-BB, and an extensive matrix of fibers. MKs from these mice display high expression of LOX, compared with control mice. Importantly, treatment of GATA-1(low) mice with β-aminopropionitrile significantly improves the bone marrow fibrotic phenotype, and MK number in the spleen. Thus, our in vitro and in vivo data support a novel role for LOX in regulating MK expansion by PDGF-BB and suggest LOX as a new potential therapeutic target for myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eliades
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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30
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Sardina JL, López-Ruano G, Sánchez-Sánchez B, Llanillo M, Hernández-Hernández A. Reactive oxygen species: are they important for haematopoiesis? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 81:257-74. [PMID: 21507675 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has traditionally been related to deleterious effects for cells. However, it is now widely accepted that ROS can play an important role in regulating cellular signalling and gene expression. NADPH oxidase ROS production seems to be especially important in this regard. Some lines of evidence suggest that ROS may be important modulators of cell differentiation, including haematopoietic differentiation, in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Here we shall review how ROS can regulate cell signalling and gene expression. We shall also focus on the importance of ROS for haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology and for haematopoietic differentiation. We shall review the involvement of ROS and NADPH oxidases in cancer, and in particular what is known about the relationship between ROS and haematological malignancies. Finally, we shall discuss the use of ROS as cancer therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Sardina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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31
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Hu W, Jin R, Zhang J, You T, Peng Z, Ge X, Bronson RT, Halperin JA, Loscalzo J, Qin X. The critical roles of platelet activation and reduced NO bioavailability in fatal pulmonary arterial hypertension in a murine hemolysis model. Blood 2010; 116:1613-22. [PMID: 20511540 PMCID: PMC2938847 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-267112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is suspected to be a strong mortality determinant of hemolytic disorders. However, direct contribution of acute intravascular hemolysis to fatal PAH has not been investigated. The roles of nitric oxide (NO) insufficiency and platelet activation in hemolysis-associated fatal PAH have been suspected but not been experimentally studied. We recently generated a unique intravascular hemolysis mouse model in which the membrane toxin, intermedilysin (ILY), exclusively lyses the erythrocytes of transgenically expressing human CD59 mice (ThCD59(RBC)), thereby inducing ILY-dose-dependent massive hemolysis. Using this murine hemolysis model, we found that the acute increase in pulmonary arterial pressure leading to right ventricle failure caused sudden death. Reduced NO bioavailability and massive platelet activation/aggregation leading to the formation of massive thrombosis specifically in the pulmonary microvasculature played the critical roles in pathogenesis of acute hemolysis-associated fatal PAH. Therapeutic interventions enhancing NO bioactivity or inhibiting platelet activation prevented sudden death or prolonged survival time via the suppression of the acute increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and improvement of right ventricle function. These findings further highlight the importance of the inhibition of platelet activation and the enhancement of NO bioavailability for the treatment and prevention of hemolysis-associated (fatal) PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Hu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is required for megakaryocytic differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1842-54. [PMID: 20523355 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is currently proving to be an important mechanism in the regulation of intracellular signalling, but reports showing the involvement of ROS in important biological processes, such as cell differentiation, are scarce. In this study, we show for the first time that ROS production is required for megakaryocytic differentiation in K562 and HEL cell lines and also in human CD34(+) cells. ROS production is transiently activated during megakaryocytic differentiation, and such production is abolished by the addition of different antioxidants (such as N-acetyl cysteine, trolox, quercetin) or the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium. The inhibition of ROS formation hinders differentiation. RNA interference experiments have shown that a p22(phox)-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is responsible for ROS production. In addition, the activation of ERK, AKT and JAK2 is required for differentiation, but the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase seems to be less important. When ROS production is prevented, the activation of these signalling pathways is partly inhibited. Taken together, these results show that NADPH oxidase ROS production is essential for complete activation of the main signalling pathways involved in megakaryocytopoiesis to occur. We suggest that this might also be important for in vivo megakaryocytopoiesis.
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33
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Eliades A, Papadantonakis N, Ravid K. New roles for cyclin E in megakaryocytic polyploidization. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18909-17. [PMID: 20392692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are platelet precursor cells that undergo endomitosis. During this process, repeated rounds of DNA synthesis are characterized by lack of late anaphase and cytokinesis. Physiologically, the majority of the polyploid megakaryocytes in the bone marrow are cell cycle arrested. As previously reported, cyclin E is essential for megakaryocyte polyploidy; however, it has remained unclear whether up-regulated cyclin E is an inducer of polyploidy in vivo. We found that cyclin E is up-regulated upon stimulation of primary megakaryocytes by thrombopoietin. Transgenic mice in which elevated cyclin E expression is targeted to megakaryocytes display an increased ploidy profile. Examination of S phase markers, specifically proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin A, and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine reveals that cyclin E promotes progression to S phase and cell cycling. Interestingly, analysis of Cdc6 and Mcm2 indicates that cyclin E mediates its effect by promoting the expression of components of the pre-replication complex. Furthermore, we show that up-regulated cyclin E results in the up-regulation of cyclin B1 levels, suggesting an additional mechanism of cyclin E-mediated ploidy increase. These findings define a key role for cyclin E in promoting megakaryocyte entry into S phase and hence, increase in the number of cell cycling cells and in augmenting polyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eliades
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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34
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Yang D, Chen H, Koupenova M, Carroll SH, Eliades A, Freedman JE, Toselli P, Ravid K. A new role for the A2b adenosine receptor in regulating platelet function. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:817-27. [PMID: 20102488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of platelets is a critical component of atherothrombosis and plays a central role in the progression of unstable cardiovascular syndromes. Adenosine, acting through adenosine receptors, increases intracellular cAMP levels and inhibits platelet aggregation. The A2a adenosine receptor has already been recognized as a mediator of adenosine-dependent effects on platelet aggregation, and here we present a new role for the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS As compared with platelets from wild-type controls, platelets derived from A2bAR knockout mice have significantly greater ADP receptor activation-induced aggregation. Although mouse megakaryocytes and platelets express low levels of the A2bAR transcript, this gene is highly upregulated following injury and systemic inflammation in vivo. Under these conditions, A2bAR-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation significantly increases. Our studies also identify a novel mechanism by which the A2bAR could regulate platelet aggregation; namely, ablation of the A2bAR leads to upregulated expression of the P2Y1 ADP receptor, whereas A2bAR-mediated or direct elevation of cAMP has the opposite effect. Thus, the A2bAR regulates platelet function beyond mediating the immediate effect of adenosine on aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these investigations show for the first time that the platelet A2bAR is upregulated under stress in vivo, plays a significant role in regulating ADP receptor expression, and inhibits agonist-induced platelet aggregation.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists
- Adenosine Diphosphate/blood
- Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Genotype
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Megakaryocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Platelet Aggregation/drug effects
- Platelet Aggregation/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Receptor, Adenosine A2B/blood
- Receptor, Adenosine A2B/deficiency
- Receptor, Adenosine A2B/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/blood
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1
- Time Factors
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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35
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Siddiqui NFA, Shabrani NC, Kale VP, Limaye LS. Enhanced generation of megakaryocytes from umbilical cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells expanded in the presence of two nutraceuticals, docosahexanoic acid and arachidonic acid, as supplements to the cytokine-containing medium. Cytotherapy 2010; 13:114-28. [PMID: 20230224 DOI: 10.3109/14653241003588858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Ex vivo generation of megakaryocytes (MK) from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is important for both basic research, to understand the mechanism of platelet biogenesis, and clinical infusions, for rapid platelet recovery in thrombocytopenic patients. We investigated the role of two nutraceuticals, docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), in the in vitro generation of MK. METHODS Umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived CD34+cells were cultured with stem cell factor (SCF) and thrombopoietin (TPO) in the presence (test) or absence (control) of the two additives. On day 10, MK and platelets generated were quantitated by morphologic, phenotypic and functional assays. RESULTS The cell yield of MK and platelet numbers were significantly higher in test compared with control cells. Phenotypic analyzes and gene expression profiles confirmed these findings. Functional properties, such as colony-forming unit (CFU)-MK formation, chemotaxis and platelet activation, were found to be enhanced in cells cultured with nutraceuticals. The engraftment potential of ex vivo-expanded cells was studied in NOD/SCID mice. Mice that received MK cultured in the presence of DHA/AA engrafted better. There was a reduction in apoptosis and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the CD41(+) compartment of the test compared with control sets. The data suggest that these compounds probably exert their beneficial effect by modulating apoptotic and redox pathways. CONCLUSIONS Use of nutraceuticals like DHA and AA may prove to be a useful strategy for efficient generation of MK and platelets from cord blood cells, for future use in clinics and basic research.
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