1
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Bi M, Yang K, Yu T, Wu G, Li Q. Cell-based mechanisms and strategies of co-culture system both in vivo and vitro for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115907. [PMID: 37984308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of a functional vascular supply has been identified as a major challenge limiting the clinical introduction of stem cell-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) for the repair of large-volume bone defects (LVBD). Various approaches have been explored to improve the vascular supply in tissue-engineered constructs, and the development of strategies that could effectively induce the establishment of a functional vascular supply has become a major goal of BTE research. One of the state-of-the-art methods is to incorporate both angiogenic and osteogenic cells in co-culture systems. This review clarifies the key concepts involved, summarises the cell types and models used to date, and systematically evaluates their performance. We also discuss the cell-to-cell communication between these two cell types and the strategies explored in BTE constructs with angiogenic and osteogenic cells to optimise their functions. In addition, we outline unresolved issues and remaining obstacles that need to be overcome for further development in this field and eventual successful repair of LVBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengning Bi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwen Yang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology &Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Kim S. Shedding Light on the Cell Biology of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1403. [PMID: 37374185 DOI: 10.3390/life13061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
EVs are membranous subcellular structures originating from various cells, including platelets which consist of biomolecules that can modify the target cell's pathophysiological functions including inflammation, cell communication, coagulation, and metastasis. EVs, which are known to allow the transmission of a wide range of molecules between cells, are gaining popularity in the fields of subcellular treatment, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. PEVs are the most abundant EVs in circulation, being produced by platelet activation, and are considered to have a significant role in coagulation. PEV cargo is extremely diverse, containing lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and organelles depending on the condition that induced their release and can regulate a wide range of biological activities. PEVs, unlike platelets, can overcome tissue barriers, allowing platelet-derived contents to be transferred to target cells and organs that platelets cannot reach. Their isolation, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy, on the other hand, are poorly understood. This review summarizes the technical elements of PEV isolation and characterization methods as well as the pathophysiological role of PEVs, including therapeutic potential and translational possibility in diverse disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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3
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Davidson SM, Boulanger CM, Aikawa E, Badimon L, Barile L, Binder CJ, Brisson A, Buzas E, Emanueli C, Jansen F, Katsur M, Lacroix R, Lim SK, Mackman N, Mayr M, Menasché P, Nieuwland R, Sahoo S, Takov K, Thum T, Vader P, Wauben MHM, Witwer K, Sluijter JPG. Methods for the identification and characterization of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular studies: from exosomes to microvesicles. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:45-63. [PMID: 35325061 PMCID: PMC10233250 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are released from cells of the cardiovascular system, and are considered important mediators of intercellular and extracellular communications. Two types of EVs of particular interest are exosomes and microvesicles, which have been identified in all tissue and body fluids and carry a variety of molecules including RNAs, proteins, and lipids. EVs have potential for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases and as new therapeutic agents, particularly in the setting of myocardial infarction and heart failure. Despite their promise, technical challenges related to their small size make it challenging to accurately identify and characterize them, and to study EV-mediated processes. Here, we aim to provide the reader with an overview of the techniques and technologies available for the separation and characterization of EVs from different sources. Methods for determining the protein, RNA, and lipid content of EVs are discussed. The aim of this document is to provide guidance on critical methodological issues and highlight key points for consideration for the investigation of EVs in cardiovascular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau-IIBSantPau, CiberCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alain Brisson
- Molecular Imaging and NanoBioTechnology, UMR-5248-CBMN, CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Bat. B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Edit Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, HCEMM-SU and ELKH-SE Immune Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Felix Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miroslava Katsur
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Department of Haematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center and Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pieter Vader
- Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center and Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Hartung NM, Mainka M, Pfaff R, Kuhn M, Biernacki S, Zinnert L, Schebb NH. Development of a quantitative proteomics approach for cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases in parallel to quantitative oxylipin analysis allowing the comprehensive investigation of the arachidonic acid cascade. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:913-933. [PMID: 36683060 PMCID: PMC9883352 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins derived from the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways of the arachidonic acid (ARA) cascade are essential for the regulation of the inflammatory response and many other physiological functions. Comprehensive analytical methods comprised of oxylipin and protein abundance analysis are required to fully understand mechanisms leading to changes within these pathways. Here, we describe the development of a quantitative multi-omics approach combining liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based targeted oxylipin metabolomics and proteomics. As the first targeted proteomics method to cover these pathways, it enables the quantitative analysis of all human COX (COX-1 and COX-2) and relevant LOX pathway enzymes (5-LOX, 12-LOX, 15-LOX, 15-LOX-2, and FLAP) in parallel to the analysis of 239 oxylipins with our targeted oxylipin metabolomics method from a single sample. The detailed comparison between MRM3 and classical MRM-based detection in proteomics showed increased selectivity for MRM3, while MRM performed better in terms of sensitivity (LLOQ, 16-122 pM vs. 75-840 pM for the same peptides), linear range (up to 1.5-7.4 μM vs. 4-368 nM), and multiplexing capacities. Thus, the MRM mode was more favorable for this pathway analysis. With this sensitive multi-omics approach, we comprehensively characterized oxylipin and protein patterns in the human monocytic cell line THP-1 and differently polarized primary macrophages. Finally, the quantification of changes in protein and oxylipin levels induced by lipopolysaccharide stimulation and pharmaceutical treatment demonstrates its usefulness to study molecular modes of action involved in the modulation of the ARA cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hartung
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Rebecca Pfaff
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Kuhn
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sebastian Biernacki
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lilli Zinnert
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
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5
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Chen T, Sun MR, Zhou Q, Guzman AM, Ramchandran R, Chen J, Fraidenburg DR, Ganesh B, Maienschein-Cline M, Obrietan K, Raj JU. MicroRNA-212-5p, an anti-proliferative miRNA, attenuates hypoxia and sugen/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rodents. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:204-216. [PMID: 35892089 PMCID: PMC9289783 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA, miR-) play important roles in disease development. In this study, we identified an anti-proliferative miRNA, miR-212-5p, that is induced in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and lungs of pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients and rodents with experimental PH. We found that smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific knockout of miR-212-5p exacerbated hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH in mice, suggesting that miR-212-5p may be upregulated in PASMCs to act as an endogenous inhibitor of PH, possibly by suppressing PASMC proliferation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown recently to be promising drug delivery tools for disease treatment. We generated endothelium-derived EVs with an enriched miR-212-5p load, 212-eEVs, and found that they significantly attenuated hypoxia-induced PH in mice and Sugen/hypoxia-induced severe PH in rats, providing proof of concept that engineered endothelium-derived EVs can be used to deliver miRNA into lungs for treatment of severe PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianji Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Miranda R. Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Qiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Guzman
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dustin R. Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Balaji Ganesh
- Flow Cytometry Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Karl Obrietan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J. Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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6
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Bordin A, Chirivì M, Pagano F, Milan M, Iuliano M, Scaccia E, Fortunato O, Mangino G, Dhori X, De Marinis E, D'Amico A, Miglietta S, Picchio V, Rizzi R, Romeo G, Pulcinelli F, Chimenti I, Frati G, De Falco E. Human platelet lysate-derived extracellular vesicles enhance angiogenesis through miR-126. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13312. [PMID: 35946052 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key biological mediators of several physiological functions within the cell microenvironment. Platelets are the most abundant source of EVs in the blood. Similarly, platelet lysate (PL), the best platelet derivative and angiogenic performer for regenerative purposes, is enriched of EVs, but their role is still too poorly discovered to be suitably exploited. Here, we explored the contribution of the EVs in PL, by investigating the angiogenic features extrapolated from that possessed by PL. METHODS We tested angiogenic ability and molecular cargo in 3D bioprinted models and by RNA sequencing analysis of PL-derived EVs. RESULTS A subset of small vesicles is highly represented in PL. The EVs do not retain aggregation ability, preserving a low redox state in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and increasing the angiogenic tubularly-like structures in 3D endothelial bioprinted constructs. EVs resembled the miRNome profile of PL, mainly enriched with small RNAs and a high amount of miR-126, the most abundant angiogenic miRNA in platelets. The transfer of miR-126 by EVs in HUVEC after the in vitro inhibition of the endogenous form, restored angiogenesis, without involving VEGF as a downstream target in this system. CONCLUSION PL is a biological source of available EVs with angiogenic effects involving a miRNAs-based cargo. These properties can be exploited for targeted molecular/biological manipulation of PL, by potentially developing a product exclusively manufactured of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Maila Chirivì
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Milan
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Ca'Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Iuliano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scaccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Orazio Fortunato
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Xhulio Dhori
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Marinis
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romeo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Fabio Pulcinelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzili, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
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7
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Stone AP, Nikols E, Freire D, Machlus KR. The pathobiology of platelet and megakaryocyte extracellular vesicles: A (c)lot has changed. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1550-1558. [PMID: 35506218 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) were originally studied for their potential as regulators of coagulation, a function redundant with that of their parent cells. However, as the understanding of the diverse roles of platelets in hemostasis and disease has developed, so has the understanding of PEVs. In addition, the more recent revelation of constitutively released megakaryocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (MKEVs) in circulation provides an interesting counterpoint and avenue for investigation. In this review, we highlight the historical link of PEVs to thrombosis and hemostasis and provide critical updates. We also expand our discussion to encompass the roles that distinguish PEVs and MKEVs from their parent cells. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in disease pathology, both as biomarkers and as exacerbators, has been of great interest in recent years. We highlight some of the key roles that PEVs and MKEVs play in autoimmune blood cell disorders, liver pathology, and cardiovascular disease. We then look at the future of PEVs and MKEVs as candidates for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Stone
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Nikols
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniela Freire
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Heinisch PP, Bello C, Emmert MY, Carrel T, Dreßen M, Hörer J, Winkler B, Luedi MM. Endothelial Progenitor Cells as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Pathologies: A Narrative Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101678. [PMID: 35626716 PMCID: PMC9139418 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) may influence the integrity and stability of the vascular endothelium. The association of an altered total EPC number and function with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors (CVF) was discussed; however, their role and applicability as biomarkers for clinical purposes have not yet been defined. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms in CVD. The assessment of endothelial dysfunction in vivo remains a major challenge, especially for a clinical evaluation of the need for therapeutic interventions or for primary prevention of CVD. One of the main challenges is the heterogeneity of this particular cell population. Endothelial cells (EC) can become senescent, and the majority of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) show evidence of apoptosis or necrosis. There are a few viable CECs that have properties similar to those of an endothelial progenitor cell. To use EPC levels as a biomarker for vascular function and cumulative cardiovascular risk, a correct definition of their phenotype, as well as an update on the clinical application and practicability of current isolation methods, are an urgent priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Philipp Heinisch
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany;
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.B.); (M.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Corina Bello
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.B.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thierry Carrel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Hörer
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany;
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Winkler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Hietzing, 1130 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Markus M. Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.B.); (M.M.L.)
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9
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Chen T, Sun MR, Zhou Q, Guzman AM, Ramchandran R, Chen J, Ganesh B, Raj JU. Extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial cells in hypoxia contribute to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation in-vitro and pulmonary hypertension in mice. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12014. [PMID: 35506070 PMCID: PMC9053009 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the lung, communication between pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVEC) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. In pulmonary hypertension (PH), the derangement in their cell-cell communication plays a major role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling. In this study, we focused on the role of PVEC-derived extracellular vesicles (EV), specifically their microRNA (miRNA, miR-) cargo, in the regulation of PASMC proliferation and vascular remodeling in PH. We found that the amount of pro-proliferative miR-210-3p was increased in PVEC-derived EV in hypoxia (H-EV), which contributes to the H-EV-induced proliferation of PASMC and the development of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianji Chen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Miranda R. Sun
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Present address:
School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Qiyuan Zhou
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Alyssa M. Guzman
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Jiwang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and AllergyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Balaji Ganesh
- Flow Cytometry Core, Research Resources CenterUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - J. Usha Raj
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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10
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Chambers SE, Pathak V, Pedrini E, Soret L, Gendron N, Guerin CL, Stitt AW, Smadja DM, Medina RJ. Current concepts on endothelial stem cells definition, location, and markers. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10 Suppl 2:S54-S61. [PMID: 34724714 PMCID: PMC8560200 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic vascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and regeneration of blood vessels in perfusion-deficient tissues is a worthwhile therapeutic goal. The idea of delivering endothelial stem/progenitor cells to repair damaged vasculature, reperfuse hypoxic tissue, prevent cell death, and consequently diminish tissue inflammation and fibrosis has a strong scientific basis and clinical value. Various labs have proposed endothelial stem/progenitor cell candidates. This has created confusion, as there are profound differences between these cell definitions based on isolation methodology, characterization, and reparative biology. Here, a stricter definition based on stem cell biology principles is proposed. Although preclinical studies have often been promising, results from clinical trials have been highly contradictory and served to highlight multiple challenges associated with disappointing therapeutic benefit. This article reviews recent accomplishments in the field and discusses current difficulties when developing endothelial stem cell therapies. Emerging evidence that disputes the classic view of the bone marrow as the source for these cells and supports the vascular wall as the niche for these tissue-resident endothelial stem cells is considered. In addition, novel markers to identify endothelial stem cells, including CD157, EPCR, and CD31low VEGFR2low IL33+ Sox9+ , are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E.J. Chambers
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Varun Pathak
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Lou Soret
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Gendron
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Coralie L. Guerin
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Cytometry Platform, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David M. Smadja
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Reinhold J. Medina
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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11
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Wang X, Wang R, Jiang L, Xu Q, Guo X. Endothelial repair by stem and progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:133-146. [PMID: 34743936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the endothelial barrier is required to maintain vascular homeostasis and fluid balance between the circulatory system and surrounding tissues and to prevent the development of vascular disease. However, the origin of the newly developed endothelial cells is still controversial. Stem and progenitor cells have the potential to differentiate into endothelial cell lines and stimulate vascular regeneration in a paracrine/autocrine fashion. The one source of new endothelial cells was believed to come from the bone marrow, which was challenged by the recent findings. By administration of new techniques, including genetic cell lineage tracing and single cell RNA sequencing, more solid data were obtained that support the concept of stem/progenitor cells for regenerating damaged endothelium. Specifically, it was found that tissue resident endothelial progenitors located in the vessel wall were crucial for endothelial repair. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in stem and progenitor cell research in endothelial regeneration through findings from animal models and discussed clinical data to indicate the future direction of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Xia W, Xie J, Cai Z, Liu X, Wen J, Cui ZK, Zhao R, Zhou X, Chen J, Mao X, Gu Z, Zou Z, Zou Z, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Mac M, Song Q, Bai X. Damaged brain accelerates bone healing by releasing small extracellular vesicles that target osteoprogenitors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6043. [PMID: 34654817 PMCID: PMC8519911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence has established that concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) accelerates bone healing, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study shows that after TBI, injured neurons, mainly those in the hippocampus, release osteogenic microRNA (miRNA)-enriched small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which targeted osteoprogenitors in bone to stimulate bone formation. We show that miR-328a-3p and miR-150-5p, enriched in the sEVs after TBI, promote osteogenesis by directly targeting the 3'UTR of FOXO4 or CBL, respectively, and hydrogel carrying miR-328a-3p-containing sEVs efficiently repaires bone defects in rats. Importantly, increased fibronectin expression on sEVs surface contributes to targeting of osteoprogenitors in bone by TBI sEVs, thereby implying that modification of the sEVs surface fibronectin could be used in bone-targeted drug delivery. Together, our work unveils a role of central regulation in bone formation and a clear link between injured neurons and osteogenitors, both in animals and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiqing Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Run Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhengtao Gu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhimin Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhipeng Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Maegele Mac
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Private University of Witten-Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Ostmerheimerstr 200, D-51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiancheng Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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13
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Dight J, Zhao J, Styke C, Khosrotehrani K, Patel J. Resident vascular endothelial progenitor definition and function: the age of reckoning. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:15-33. [PMID: 34499264 PMCID: PMC8813834 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is composed around the central function of the endothelium that lines the inner surfaces of its vessels. In recent years, the existence of a progenitor population within the endothelium has been validated through the study of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in human peripheral blood and certain vascular beds. However, our knowledge on endothelial populations in vivo that can give rise to ECFCs in culture has been limited. In this review we report and analyse recent attempts at describing progenitor populations in vivo from murine studies that reflect the self-renewal and stemness capacity observed in ECFCs. We pinpoint seminal discoveries within the field, which have phenotypically defined, and functionally scrutinised these endothelial progenitors. Furthermore, we review recent publications utilising single-cell sequencing technologies to better understand the endothelium in homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dight
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Jilai Zhao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Cassandra Styke
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
| | - Jatin Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia. .,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
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14
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Characterization and Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189701. [PMID: 34575865 PMCID: PMC8468534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous blood products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are gaining increasing interest in different fields of regenerative medicine. Although growth factors, the main components of PRP, are thought to stimulate reparation processes, the exact mechanism of action and main effectors of PRP are not fully understood. Plasma contains a high amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by different cells, including anucleated platelets. Platelet-derived EVs (PL-EVs) are the most abundant type of EVs in circulation. Numerous advantages of PL-EVs, including their ability to be released locally, their ease of travel through the body, their low immunogenicity and tumourigenicity, the modulation of signal transduction as well as the ease with which they can be obtained, has attracted increased attention n. This review focuses briefly on the biological characteristics and isolation methods of PL-EVs, including exosomes derived from platelets (PL-EXOs), and their involvement in the pathology of diseases. Evidence that shows how PL-EVs can be used as a novel tool in medicine, particularly in therapeutic and regenerative medicine, is also discussed in this review.
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15
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Jiang L, Chen T, Sun S, Wang R, Deng J, Lyu L, Wu H, Yang M, Pu X, Du L, Chen Q, Hu Y, Hu X, Zhou Y, Xu Q, Zhang L. Nonbone Marrow CD34 + Cells Are Crucial for Endothelial Repair of Injured Artery. Circ Res 2021; 129:e146-e165. [PMID: 34474592 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu).,Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (T. Chen)
| | - Shasha Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu).,Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (S. Sun, M. Yang, Q. Chen, L. Zhang)
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Lingxia Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (S. Sun, M. Yang, Q. Chen, L. Zhang)
| | - Xiangyuan Pu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (S. Sun, M. Yang, Q. Chen, L. Zhang)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Yijiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu).,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (Q. Xu)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (S. Sun, M. Yang, Q. Chen, L. Zhang)
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16
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Shao J, Jin Y, Shao C, Fan H, Wang X, Yang G. Serum exosomal pregnancy zone protein as a promising biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:36. [PMID: 34376139 PMCID: PMC8353742 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a kind of intestinal immune dysfunction disease, and its occurrence and prevalence are on the rise worldwide. As a chronic gastrointestinal disease, its pathogenesis is still unknown. Exosomes are vesicles in various body fluids that carry a variety of substances. They can mediate intercellular communication and long-distance transport of multiple media. In this study, we investigated the protein profile of serum exosomes from healthy people and IBD patients to explore a new serological biomarker for IBD. METHODS Initially, exosomes were extracted from serum samples, and the proteins within the exosomes were identified by label-free liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Western blot and ELISA were used to assess the identified protein. To further analyze the target protein, an acute colitis mouse model was established, and exosomes in colonic tissue and serum were extracted to investigate the protein in them. RESULTS Firstly, serum exosomes were extracted from samples, and proteins in exosomes were identified by LC-MS/MS. Through statistical analysis, we identified 633 proteins. Among these proteins, pregnancy zone protein (PZP) showed a marked difference between patients with IBD and healthy people, in that its expression level was much higher in the IBD patients This exosomal protein was associated with immunosuppressive effects. Also, the level of PZP in colon tissue exosomes and serum exosomes of acute colitis mice was significantly higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that serum exosome PZP was present at a high level in the IBD patients. Hence it might be a promising biomarker and enhance auxiliary diagnosis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhong Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China.
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17
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Vanderboom PM, Dasari S, Ruegsegger GN, Pataky MW, Lucien F, Heppelmann CJ, Lanza IR, Nair KS. A size-exclusion-based approach for purifying extracellular vesicles from human plasma. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100055. [PMID: 34355211 PMCID: PMC8336930 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released into blood from multiple organs and carry molecular cargo that facilitates inter-organ communication and an integrated response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Interrogation of the protein cargo of EVs is currently limited by the absence of optimal and reproducible approaches for purifying plasma EVs that are suitable for downstream proteomic analyses. We describe a size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based method to purify EVs from platelet-poor plasma (PPP) for proteomics profiling via high-resolution mass spectrometry (SEC-MS). The SEC-MS method identifies more proteins with higher precision than several conventional EV isolation approaches. We apply the SEC-MS method to identify the unique proteomic signatures of EVs released from platelets, adipocytes, muscle cells, and hepatocytes, with the goal of identifying tissue-specific EV markers. Furthermore, we apply the SEC-MS approach to evaluate the effects of a single bout of exercise on EV proteomic cargo in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Vanderboom
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory N. Ruegsegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark W. Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Carrie Jo Heppelmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - K. Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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18
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Aquino JB, Sierra R, Montaldo LA. Diverse cellular origins of adult blood vascular endothelial cells. Dev Biol 2021; 477:117-132. [PMID: 34048734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic stages, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) originate from the mesoderm, at specific extraembryonic and embryonic regions, through a process called vasculogenesis. In the adult, EC renewal/replacement mostly depend on local resident ECs or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Nevertheless, contribution from circulating ECs/EPCs was also reported. In addition, cells lacking from EC/EPC markers with in vitro extended plasticity were shown to originate endothelial-like cells (ELCs). Most of these cells consist of mesenchymal stromal progenitors, which would eventually get mobilized from the bone marrow after injury. Based on that, current knowledge on different mouse and human bone marrow stromal cell (BM-SC) subpopulations, able to contribute with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), is herein reviewed. Such analyses underline an unexpected heterogeneity among sinusoidal LepR+ stromal/CAR cells. For instance, in a recent report a subgroup of LepR+ stromal/CAR progenitors, which express GLAST and is traced in Wnt1Cre;R26RTom mice, was found to contribute with ELCs in vivo. These GLAST + Wnt1+ BM-SCs were shown to get mobilized to the peripheral blood and to contribute with liver regeneration. Other sources of ELCs, such as adipose, neural and dental pulp tissues, were also published. Finally, mechanisms likely involved in the enhanced cellular plasticity properties of bone marrow/adipose tissue stromal cells, able to originate ELCs, are assessed. In the future, strategies to analyze the in vivo expression profile of stromal cells, with MSC properties, in combination with screening of active genomic regions at the single cell-level, during early postnatal development and/or after injury, will likely help understanding properties of these ELC sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge B Aquino
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina.
| | - Romina Sierra
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina
| | - Laura A Montaldo
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina
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Yamamoto S, Okamura K, Fujii R, Kawano T, Ueda K, Yajima Y, Shiba K. Specimen-specific drift of densities defines distinct subclasses of extracellular vesicles from human whole saliva. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249526. [PMID: 33831057 PMCID: PMC8032098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in body fluids constitute heterogenous populations, which mirror their diverse parental cells as well as distinct EV-generation pathways. Various methodologies have been proposed to differentiate EVs in order to deepen the current understanding of EV biology. Equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation has often been used to separate EVs based on their buoyant densities; however, the standard conditions used for the method do not necessarily allow all EVs to move to their equilibrium density positions, which complicates the categorization of EVs. Here, by prolonging ultracentrifugation time to 96 h and fractionating EVs both by floating up or spinning down directions, we allowed 111 EV-associated protein markers from the whole saliva of three healthy volunteers to attain equilibrium. Interestingly, the determined buoyant densities of the markers drifted in a specimen-specific manner, and drift patterns differentiated EVs into at least two subclasses. One class carried classical exosomal markers, such as CD63 and CD81, and the other was characterized by the molecules involved in membrane remodeling or vesicle trafficking. Distinct patterns of density drift may represent the differences in generation pathways of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamamoto
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Fujii
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kawano
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Shiba
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Charest A. Experimental and Biological Insights from Proteomic Analyses of Extracellular Vesicle Cargos in Normalcy and Disease. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e2000069. [PMID: 32815324 PMCID: PMC8091982 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a vehicle for diagnostic and therapeutic utility. EVs carry bioactive cargo and an accrued interest in their characterization has emerged. Efforts at identifying EV-enriched protein or RNA led to a surprising realization that EVs are excessively heterogeneous in nature. This diversity is originally attributed to vesicle sizes but it is becoming evident that different classes of EVs vehiculate distinct molecular cargos. Therefore, one of the current challenges in EV research is their selective isolation in quantities sufficient for efficient downstream analyses. Many protocols have been developed; however, reproducibility between research groups can be difficult to reach and inter-studies analyses of data from different isolation protocols are unmanageable. Therefore, there is an unmet need to optimize and standardize methods and protocols for the isolation and purification of EVs. This review focuses on the diverse techniques and protocols used over the years to isolate and purify EVs with a special emphasis on their adequacy for proteomics applications. By combining recent advances in specific isolation methods that yield superior quality of EV preparations and mass spectrometry techniques, the field is now prepared for transformative advancements in establishing distinct categorization and cargo identification of subpopulations based on EV surface markers.
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21
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Águila S, Cuenca-Zamora E, Martínez C, Teruel-Montoya R. MicroRNAs in Platelets: Should I Stay or Should I Go? Platelets 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss different topics always using the microRNA as the guiding thread of the review. MicroRNAs, member of small noncoding RNAs family, are an important element involved in gene expression. We cover different issues such as their importance in the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytes (megakaryopoiesis), as well as the role in platelets formation (thrombopoiesis) focusing on the described relationship between miRNA and critical myeloid lineage transcription factors such as RUNX1, chemokines receptors as CRCX4, or central hormones in platelet homeostasis like TPO, as well as its receptor (MPL) and the TPO signal transduction pathway, that is JAK/STAT. In addition to platelet biogenesis, we review the microRNA participation in platelets physiology and function. This review also introduces the use of miRNAs as biomarkers of platelet function since the detection of pathogenic situations or response to therapy using these noncoding RNAs is getting increasing interest in disease management. Finally, this chapter describes the participation of platelets in cellular interplay, since extracellular vesicles have been demonstrated to have the ability to deliver microRNAs to others cells, modulating their function through intercellular communication, redefining the extracellular vesicles from the so-called “platelet dust” to become mediators of intercellular communication.
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Nazari M, Javandoost E, Talebi M, Movassaghpour A, Soleimani M. Platelet Microparticle Controversial Role in Cancer. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:39-55. [PMID: 33747851 PMCID: PMC7961228 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are a group of micrometer-scale extracellular vesicles released by platelets upon activation that are responsible for the majority of microvesicles found in plasma. PMPs’ physiological properties and functions have long been investigated by researchers. In this regard, a noticeable area of studies has been devoted to evaluating the potential roles and effects of PMPs on cancer progression. Clinical and experimental evidence conflictingly implicates supportive and suppressive functions for PMPs regarding cancer. Many of these functions could be deemed as a cornerstone for future considerations of PMPs usage in cancer targeted therapy. This review discusses what is currently known about PMPs and provides insights for new and possible research directions for further grasping the intricate interplay between PMPs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Nazari
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Javandoost
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Introduction
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Yan J, Bao H, Fan YJ, Jiang ZL, Qi YX, Han Y. Platelet-derived microvesicles promote endothelial progenitor cell proliferation in intimal injury by delivering TGF-β1. FEBS J 2020; 287:5196-5217. [PMID: 32167224 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intimal injury is an early stage of several cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in endothelial repair following vascular injury. Once the intima is damaged, EPCs are mobilized from the bone marrow to the injury site. Meanwhile, the injury to the intimal surface triggers platelet degranulation, aggregation, and adhesion to the damaged endothelium, and exposed collagen stimulates platelet to secrete platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs). However, the role of PMVs in EPC function during this process remains unknown. In an in vivo study, EPCs and platelets were found to adhere to the injury site in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat vascular injury model. In vitro, collagen stimulation induced the release of PMVs, and collagen-activated PMVs (ac.PMVs) significantly promoted EPC proliferation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content was increased in ac.PMVs. Activated PMVs significantly upregulated Smad3 phosphorylation in EPCs and increased Smad3 nuclear translocation from the cytoplasm. TGF-β1 knockdown ac.PMVs downregulated EPC proliferation. Recombinant TGF-β1 enhanced EPC proliferation. The TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542 significantly repressed the intracellular signal triggered by ac.PMVs. Furthermore, the Smad3-specific phosphorylation inhibitor SIS3 effectively reversed the cell proliferation induced by ac.PMVs. Smad3 translocated to the nucleus and enhanced EPC proliferation via its downstream genes tenascin C (TNC), CDKN1A, and CDKN2A. r-TGF-β1 promoted reendothelialization and EPC proliferation in vivo. Our data demonstrate that activated PMVs deliver TGF-β1 from collagen-activated platelets to EPCs, which in turn activates Smad3 phosphorylation and regulates TNC, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A expression to promote EPC proliferation, suggesting that PMVs act as a key transporter and a potential therapeutic target for vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yang-Jing Fan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Liang C, Huang J, Luo P, Wang Z, He J, Wu S, Peng C, Cao X. Platelet-Derived Microparticles Mediate the Intra-Articular Homing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Early-Stage Cartilage Lesions. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:414-424. [PMID: 32000580 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After intra-articular injection, synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) can adhere to damaged cartilage (a process called homing) and then repair the cartilage defect. Nonetheless, the main obstacle of the current method is the insufficient homing ratio of SMSCs, which fails to meet the requirements for cartilage repair and thereby greatly limits the therapeutic effect. In this study, the optimal homing time of SMSCs was determined by evaluating the SMSC homing efficiency at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after injury using a rat cartilage defect model. The ability of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) to promote SMSC homing was evaluated by cartilage/subchondral bone cell adhesion, transmembrane migration, and intra-articular cell distribution assays. SMSCs had an optimal homing efficiency in the very early stage (1 day) after cartilage injury. We found that PMPs, which were abundant in the synovial fluid at this early stage, were responsible for this augmented SMSC homing. An ex vivo cell adhesion assay revealed that the coincubation of SMSCs with PMPs at a 1:50 ratio markedly enhanced cell adhesion to cartilage and the subchondral bone surface. The transmembrane cell migration assay yielded similar results. Further in vivo homing assays revealed that PMPs possess excellent homing capacity, which they transferred, to some extent, to SMSCs by coating the cell surface. We measured the expression of homing-related genes in SMSCs exposed to PMPs and identified several upregulated genes. Moreover, platelet-specific adhesion molecules, particularly GPIIb/IIIa, CXCR4, ITGβ1, and ITGα2, were determined to play a critical role in the homing of SMSC/PMP complexes. This improvement in SMSC homing increased the volume of regenerated tissue in the cartilage defect. In conclusion, PMPs significantly promoted the homing of SMSCs to cartilage, which facilitated cartilage regeneration. These data suggest a safe and promising strategy for improving the outcome of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zili Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinshen He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Intravenous Administration of Allogenic Cell-Derived Microvesicles of Healthy Origins Defend Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Development by a Direct Action on Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020423. [PMID: 32059493 PMCID: PMC7072151 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development is the outcome of intermediate processes where endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation are main protagonists. Cell-derived microvesicles (MVs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are known as biomarkers and potential regulators for atherosclerotic vascular disease, but their role in the complexity of the inflammatory process and in the mechanism of vascular restoration is far from clear. We aimed to evaluate the biological activity and functional role of MVs, in particular of the EPCs-derived MVs (MVEs), of healthy origins in reducing atherosclerotic vascular disease development. The experiments were performed on hamsters divided into the following groups: simultaneously hypertensive–hyperlipidemic (HH group) by combining two feeding conditions for 4 months; HH with retro-orbital sinus injection containing 1 × 105 MVs or MVEs from control hamsters, one dose per month for 4 months of HH diet, to prevent atherosclerosis (HH-MVs or HH-MVEs group); and controls (C group), age-matched normal healthy animals. We found that circulating MV and MVE transplantation of healthy origins significantly reduces atherosclerosis development via (1) the mitigation of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and circulating EPC/cytokine/chemokine levels and (2) the structural and functional remodeling of arterial and left ventricular walls. We also demonstrated that (1) circulating MVs contain miRNAs; this was demonstrated by validating MVs and MVEs as transporters of Ago2-miRNA, Stau1-miRNA, and Stau2-miRNA complexes and (2) MV and MVE administration significantly protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease via transfer of miR-223, miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a to circulating late EPCs. It should be mentioned that the favorable effects of MVEs were greater than those of MVs. Our findings suggest that allogenic MV and MVE administration of healthy origins could counteract HH diet-induced detrimental effects by biologically active miR-10a, miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a transfer to circulating EPCs, mediating their vascular repair function in atherosclerosis processes.
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26
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Sun Y, Chen S, Zhang X, Pei M. Significance of Cellular Cross-Talk in Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue in Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:1034-1044. [PMID: 31018663 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cell-based therapy has been regarded as a promising treatment for tissue ischemia because of its ability to promote new blood vessel formation. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are the most used angiogenic cells for therapeutic neovascularization, yet the side effects and low efficacy have limited their clinical application. Adipose stromal vascular fraction is an easily accessible, heterogeneous cell system comprised of endothelial, stromal, and hematopoietic cell lineages, which has been shown to spontaneously form robust, patent, and functional vasculatures in vivo. However, the characteristics of each cell population and their specific roles in neovascularization remain an area of ongoing investigation. In this review, we summarize the functional capabilities of various stromal vascular fraction constituents during the process of neovascularization and attempt to analyze whether the cross-talk between these constituents generates a synergetic effect, thus contributing to the development of new potential therapeutic strategies to promote neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Song Chen
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Xicheng Zhang
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Ming Pei
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
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27
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Catani MV, Savini I, Tullio V, Gasperi V. The "Janus Face" of Platelets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030788. [PMID: 31991775 PMCID: PMC7037171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their vital role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are also recognized to be involved in cancer, where they play an unexpected central role: They actively influence cancer cell behavior, but, on the other hand, platelet physiology and phenotype are impacted by tumor cells. The existence of this platelet-cancer loop is supported by a large number of experimental and human studies reporting an association between alterations in platelet number and functions and cancer, often in a way dependent on patient, cancer type and treatment. Herein, we shall report on an update on platelet-cancer relationships, with a particular emphasis on how platelets might exert either a protective or a deleterious action in all steps of cancer progression. To this end, we will describe the impact of (i) platelet count, (ii) bioactive molecules secreted upon platelet activation, and (iii) microvesicle-derived miRNAs on cancer behavior. Potential explanations of conflicting results are also reported: Both intrinsic (heterogeneity in platelet-derived bioactive molecules with either inhibitory or stimulatory properties; features of cancer cell types, such as aggressiveness and/or tumour stage) and extrinsic (heterogeneous characteristics of cancer patients, study design and sample preparation) factors, together with other confounding elements, contribute to “the Janus face” of platelets in cancer. Given the difficulty to establish the univocal role of platelets in a tumor, a better understanding of their exact contribution is warranted, in order to identify an efficient therapeutic strategy for cancer management, as well as for better prevention, screening and risk assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valeria Catani
- Correspondence: (M.V.C.); (V.G.); Tel.: +39-06-72596465 (M.V.C.); +39-06-72596465 (V.G.)
| | | | | | - Valeria Gasperi
- Correspondence: (M.V.C.); (V.G.); Tel.: +39-06-72596465 (M.V.C.); +39-06-72596465 (V.G.)
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Burnap
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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29
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Identification of Macrophage Genotype and Key Biological Pathways in Circulating Angiogenic Cell Transcriptome. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9545261. [PMID: 31191690 PMCID: PMC6525806 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9545261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) have been identified as important regulators of vascular biology. However, there is still considerable debate about the genotype and function of CAC. Methods and Results Data from publicly available gene expression data sets were used to analyse the transcriptome of in vitro cultured CAC (CACiv). Genes and pathways of interest were further evaluated using qPCR comparing CACiv versus CD14+ monocytic cells. The CACiv transcriptome strongly related to tissue macrophages, and more specifically to regulatory M2c macrophages. The cytokine expression profile of CACiv was predominantly immune modulatory and resembled the cytokine expression of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Pathway analysis revealed previously unrecognized biological processes in CACiv, such as riboflavin metabolism and liver X receptor (LXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) pathways. Analysis of endothelial-specific genes did not show evidence for endothelial transdifferentiation. Conclusions CACiv are genotypically similar to regulatory M2c macrophages and lack signs of endothelial differentiation.
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30
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Asghar S, Parvaiz F, Manzoor S. Multifaceted role of cancer educated platelets in survival of cancer cells. Thromb Res 2019; 177:42-50. [PMID: 30849514 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, the derivatives of megakaryocytes, pose dynamic biological functions such as homeostasis and wound healing. The mechanisms involved in these processes are utilized by cancerous cells for proliferation and metastasis. Platelets through their activation establish an aggregate termed as Tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) that aids in establishing a niche for the primary tumor at secondary site while recruiting granulocytes and monocytes. The study of these close interactions between the tumor and the platelets can be exploited as biomarkers in liquid biopsy for early cancer detection, thereby increasing the life expectancy of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Asghar
- Atta-ur -Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
| | - Fahed Parvaiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
For over 100 years, a link has been recognized between thrombosis and cancer. However, whether this was a causal or correlational relationship was debated. It is now well established that cancer and thrombosis are mechanistically related in intricate ways and can directly fuel each other. Here, we present an historical perspective of platelets and how their physiological function in hemostasis can contribute to tumor development and metastasis. This emerging field has garnered great interest as aspirin therapy has been proposed as a prevention strategy for some malignancies. We highlight the advances that have been made, presenting platelets as a key component that supports many of the hallmarks of cancer that have been described and conclude with future directions and studies that are needed to clarify the role of platelets in cancer and solidify platelet modulating therapies within oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime T Franco
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 505, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Jerry Ware
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 505, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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33
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Endovascular Interventions Permit Isolation of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells from Peripheral Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113453. [PMID: 30400266 PMCID: PMC6274882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Isolation of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) is difficult due to the extremely low concentration of their precursors in the peripheral blood (PB). We hypothesized that mechanical injury to the arterial wall during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may increase the release of circulating ECFC precursors and induce their growth in vitro. Methods: PB samples from patients with coronary artery disease were collected before, immediately after, and 24 h after the surgery in the CABG group. In the PCI group, PB was isolated before, immediately after the insertion of the catheter, immediately after balloon angioplasty, and 24 h after the PCI. A mononuclear fraction of PB was isolated and differentiated into ECFCs with the following immunophenotyping and evaluation of angiogenic properties. Results. The obtained cultures corresponded to the phenotype and tube forming potential consistent with ECFCs. The isolation of ECFCs in the PCI group was successful in 75% of cases (six out of eight patients) after catheter insertion and in 87.5% (seven out of eight patients) after the balloon inflation and stent deployment. These cultures had high/medium proliferative activity in contrast to those obtained before or 24 h after the intervention. Conclusions: Mechanical injury during PCI increases the release of ECFC precursors to the PB and, hence, the efficacy of ECFC isolation.
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Teraa M, Gremmels H, Wijnand JGJ, Verhaar MC. Cell Therapy for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:842-846. [PMID: 30070050 PMCID: PMC6265636 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell‐based therapies have gained interest as a potential treatment method in cardiovascular disease in the past two decades, peripheral artery disease amongst others. Initial pre‐clinical and small pilot clinical studies showed promising effects of cell therapy in peripheral artery disease and chronic limb‐threatening ischemia in particular. However, these promising results were not corroborated in larger high quality blinded randomized trials. This has led to a shift of the field towards more sophisticated cell products, especially mesenchymal stromal cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells have some important benefits, making these cells ideal for regenerative medicine, e.g., potential for allogeneic application, loss of disease‐mediated cell dysfunction, reduced production costs, off‐the‐shelf availability. Future high quality and large clinical studies have to prove the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of peripheral artery disease. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:842–846
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Teraa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Gremmels
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep G J Wijnand
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW. Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:425-532. [PMID: 29766399 PMCID: PMC6237663 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Hugh F Bender
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory (INSERM U1029), University Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara C Böck
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil P Dufton
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Metabolomics Expertise Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hynda K Kleinmann
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kuczynski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jussi Nurro
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.)
| | - Ye Fan
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.).
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37
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Schurgers LJ, Akbulut AC, Kaczor DM, Halder M, Koenen RR, Kramann R. Initiation and Propagation of Vascular Calcification Is Regulated by a Concert of Platelet- and Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:36. [PMID: 29682509 PMCID: PMC5897433 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing population continues to suffer from its primary killer, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite recent advances in interventional medicinal and surgical therapies towards the end of the 20th century, the epidemic of cardiovascular disease has not been halted. Yet, rather than receding globally, the burden of CVD has risen to become a top cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most CVD arises from thrombotic rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, the pathologic thickening of coronary and carotid artery segments and subsequent distal ischemia in heart or brain. In fact, one-fifth of deaths are directly attributable to thrombotic rupture of a vulnerable plaque. Atherosclerotic lesion formation is caused by a concert of interactions between circulating leukocytes and platelets, interacting with the endothelial barrier, signalling into the arterial wall by the release of cytokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Both platelet- and cell-derived EVs represent a novel mechanism of cellular communication, particularly by the transport and transfer of cargo and by reprogramming of the recipient cell. These interactions result in phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) causing migration and proliferation, and subsequent secretion of EVs. Loss of VSMCs attracts perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from the adventitia, which are a source of VSMCs and contribute to repair after vascular injury. However, continuous stress stimuli eventually switch phenotype of cells into osteochondrogenic VSMCs facilitating vascular calcification. Although Virchow’s triad is over 100 years old, it is a reality that is accurate today. It can be briefly summarised as changes in the composition of blood (platelet EVs), alterations in the vessel wall (VSMC phenotypic switching, MSC infiltration and EV release) and disruption of blood flow (atherothrombosis). In this paper, we review the latest relevant advances in the identification of extracellular vesicle pathways as well as VSMCs and pericyte/MSC phenotypic switching, underlying vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Asim C Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dawid M Kaczor
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Halder
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
There has been remarkable insight into the importance of platelets in a wide range of pathophysiologic events, including inflammation and cancer progression. Thrombocytosis in cancer patients is a common finding. Tumor cells induce platelet activation and subsequent aggregation through direct and indirect mechanisms. Platelets are recognized to contribute to metastatic dissemination. There is plenty of evidence that components of the hemostatic system contribute to the process of angiogenesis. Furthermore, there are accumulated data on the substantial influence of blood platelets in the process of blood vessel formation during malignancy. Platelets appear to be the main physiologic transporters of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Moreover, they influence the process of angiogenesis through platelet-derived microparticles, microRNA, lipids, and variety of surface receptors. Platelets contribute to early and late stages of angiogenesis. Available data support the overall stimulatory effect of platelets on tumor angiogenesis. It raises the possibility that interfering with platelet function may be an effective antineoplastic treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-027, Bialystok, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-027, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Hempel
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-027, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stephanie C Tucker
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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Shear stress: An essential driver of endothelial progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 118:46-69. [PMID: 29549046 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood flow through vessels produces a tangential, or shear, stress sensed by their innermost layer (i.e., endothelium) and representing a major hemodynamic force. In humans, endothelial repair and blood vessel formation are mainly performed by circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) characterized by a considerable expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), CD34, and CD133, pronounced tube formation activity in vitro, and strong reendothelialization or neovascularization capacity in vivo. EPCs have been proposed as a promising agent to induce reendothelialization of injured arteries, neovascularization of ischemic tissues, and endothelialization or vascularization of bioartificial constructs. A number of preconditioning approaches have been suggested to improve the regenerative potential of EPCs, including the use of biophysical stimuli such as shear stress. However, in spite of well-defined influence of shear stress on mature endothelial cells (ECs), articles summarizing how it affects EPCs are lacking. Here we discuss the impact of shear stress on homing, paracrine effects, and differentiation of EPCs. Unidirectional laminar shear stress significantly promotes homing of circulating EPCs to endothelial injury sites, induces anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic phenotype of EPCs, increases their capability to form capillary-like tubes in vitro, and enhances differentiation of EPCs into mature ECs in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are mediated by VEGFR2, Tie2, Notch, and β1/3 integrin signaling and can be abrogated by means of complementary siRNA/shRNA or selective pharmacological inhibitors of the respective proteins. Although the testing of sheared EPCs for vascular tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications is still an unaccomplished task, favorable effects of unidirectional laminar shear stress on EPCs suggest its usefulness for their preconditioning.
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Koutsoulidou A, Photiades M, Kyriakides TC, Georgiou K, Prokopi M, Kapnisis K, Lusakowska A, Nearchou M, Christou Y, Papadimas GK, Anayiotos A, Kyriakou K, Kararizou E, Zamba Papanicolaou E, Phylactou LA. Identification of exosomal muscle-specific miRNAs in serum of myotonic dystrophy patients relating to muscle disease progress. Hum Mol Genet 2018. [PMID: 28637233 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, which is characterised by progressive muscle wasting and the discovery of reliable blood-based biomarkers could be useful for the disease progress monitoring. There have been some reports showing that the presence of specific miRNAs in blood correlates with DM1. In one of these, our group identified four muscle-specific miRNAs, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b and miR-206, which correlated with the progression of muscle wasting observed in DM1 patients. The levels of the four muscle-specific miRNAs were elevated in the serum of DM1 patients compared to healthy participants and were also elevated in the serum of progressive muscle wasting DM1 patients compared to disease-stable DM1 patients. The aim of this work was to characterise the ontology of these four muscle-specific miRNAs in the blood circulation of DM1 patients. Here we show that the four muscle-specific miRNAs are encapsulated within exosomes isolated from DM1 patients. Our results show for the first time, the presence of miRNAs encapsulated within exosomes in blood circulation of DM1 patients. More interestingly, the levels of the four exosomal muscle-specific miRNAs are associated with the progression of muscle wasting in DM1 patients. We propose that exosomal muscle-specific miRNAs may be useful molecular biomarkers for monitoring the progress of muscle wasting in DM1 patients. There has been a growing interest regarding the clinical applications of exosomes and their role in prognosis and therapy of various diseases and the above results contribute towards this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrie Koutsoulidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marinos Photiades
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Tassos C Kyriakides
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristia Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marianna Prokopi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,Theramir Ltd, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Anna Lusakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marianna Nearchou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yiolanda Christou
- Neurology Clinic D, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George K Papadimas
- Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Kyriakou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evangelia Kararizou
- Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leonidas A Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Badimon L, Suades R, Arderiu G, Peña E, Chiva-Blanch G, Padró T. Microvesicles in Atherosclerosis and Angiogenesis: From Bench to Bedside and Reverse. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:77. [PMID: 29326946 PMCID: PMC5741657 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AT) is a progressive chronic disease involving lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and inflammation in medium and large-sized arteries, and it is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). AT is caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite lipid-lowering drugs have shown to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs), there is a significant burden of AT-related morbidity and mortality. Identification of subjects at increased risk for CVE as well as discovery of novel therapeutic targets for improved treatment strategies are still unmet clinical needs in CVD. Microvesicles (MVs), small extracellular plasma membrane particles shed by activated and apoptotic cells have been widely linked to the development of CVD. MVs from vascular and resident cells by facilitating exchange of biological information between neighboring cells serve as cellular effectors in the bloodstream and play a key role in all stages of disease progression. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of MVs in AT and CVD. Attention is focused on novel aspects of MV-mediated regulatory mechanisms from endothelial dysfunction, vascular wall inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis to coagulation and thrombosis in the progression and development of atherothrombosis. MV contribution to vascular remodeling is also discussed, with a particular emphasis on the effect of MVs on the crosstalk between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and their role regulating the active process of AT-driven angiogenesis and neovascularization. This review also highlights the latest findings and main challenges on the potential prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic value of cell-derived MVs in CVD. In summary, MVs have emerged as new regulators of biological functions in atherothrombosis and might be instrumental in cardiovascular precision medicine; however, significant efforts are still needed to translate into clinics the latest findings on MV regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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Ball S, Nugent K. Microparticles in Hematological Malignancies: Role in Coagulopathy and Tumor Pathogenesis. Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:207-214. [PMID: 29549921 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MP) are submicron vesicles released from various cells in response to activation, injury or apoptosis. They contain different structural and functional proteins and RNAs, which contribute to physiological intercellular "crosstalk" and to the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. In hematological malignancies, these MPs participate in the initiation and propagation of thrombosis through different pathways. They have a role in the angiogenesis, malignant cell survival and metastasis. MPs act as a mediator of resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapy. The number of MPs is one of the prognostic factors following stem cell transplant, and studies have also found they contribute to the pathogenesis of graft versus host disease. MPs are being tested as therapeutic options in leukemias and graft versus host disease. Future studies should help us understand the interactions between MPs and cancer cells better, thereby opening new approaches for treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somedeb Ball
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Bentzon JF, Daemen M, Falk E, Garcia-Garcia HM, Herrmann J, Hoefer I, Jukema JW, Krams R, Kwak BR, Marx N, Naruszewicz M, Newby A, Pasterkamp G, Serruys PWJC, Waltenberger J, Weber C, Tokgözoglu L, Ylä-Herttuala S. Stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaques. Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:1-19. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-12-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SummaryPlaque rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery account for as many as three quarters of myocardial infarctions. The concept of plaque stabilisation emerged about 20 years ago to explain the discrepancy between the reduction of cardiovascular events in patients receiving lipid lowering therapy and the small decrease seen in angiographic evaluation of atherosclerosis. Since then, the concept of a vulnerable plaque has received a lot of attention in basic and clinical research leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the vulnerable plaque and acute coronary syndromes. From pathological and clinical observations, plaques that have recently ruptured have thin fibrous caps, large lipid cores, exhibit outward remodelling and invasion by vasa vasorum. Ruptured plaques are also focally inflamed and this may be a common denominator of the other pathological features. Plaques with similar characteristics, but which have not yet ruptured, are believed to be vulnerable to rupture. Experimental studies strongly support the validity of anti-inflammatory approaches to promote plaque stability. Unfortunately, reliable non-invasive methods for imaging and detection of such plaques are not yet readily available. There is a strong biological basis and supportive clinical evidence that low-density lipoprotein lowering with statins is useful for the stabilisation of vulnerable plaques. There is also some clinical evidence for the usefulness of antiplatelet agents, beta blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors for plaque stabilisation. Determining the causes of plaque rupture and designing diagnostics and interventions to prevent them are urgent priorities for current basic and clinical research in cardiovascular area.
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Vergori L, Lauret E, Soleti R, Andriantsitohaina R, Carmen Martinez M. Microparticles Carrying Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Restore the Reduced Differentiation and Functionality of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Induced by High-Fat Diet. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:135-145. [PMID: 29080294 PMCID: PMC5746153 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathologies such as diabetes and obesity are associated with decreased level of circulating and bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). It is known that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) may stimulate cell differentiation. In addition, microparticles (MPs), small membrane vesicles produced by activated and apoptotic cells, are able to reprogram EPCs. Here, we evaluated the role of MPs carrying PPARα on both phenotype and function of progenitor cells from mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD reduced circulating EPCs and, after 7 days of culture, BM-derived EPCs and monocytic progenitor cells from HFD-fed mice displayed impaired differentiation. At the same time, we show that MPs bearing PPARα, MPsPPARα+/+ , increased the differentiation of EPCs and monocytic progenitors from HFD-fed mice, whereas MPs taken from PPARα knockout mice (MPsPPARα-/- ) had no effect on the differentiation of all types of progenitor cells. Furthermore, MPsPPARα+/+ increased the ability of progenitor cells to promote in vivo angiogenesis in mice fed with HFD. The in vitro and in vivo effects of MPsPPARα+/+ were abolished in presence of MK886, a specific inhibitor of PPARα. Collectively, these data highlight the ability of MPs carrying PPARα to restore the failed differentiation and functionality of BM-derived cells induced by HFD. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:135-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vergori
- INSERM U1063, Stress oxydant et pathologies métaboliques, Faculté de Médecine, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Emilie Lauret
- INSERM U1063, Stress oxydant et pathologies métaboliques, Faculté de Médecine, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Raffaella Soleti
- INSERM U1063, Stress oxydant et pathologies métaboliques, Faculté de Médecine, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM U1063, Stress oxydant et pathologies métaboliques, Faculté de Médecine, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martinez
- INSERM U1063, Stress oxydant et pathologies métaboliques, Faculté de Médecine, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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Abstract
During the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, have emerged as important players in cell-to-cell communication in normal physiology and pathological conditions. EVs encapsulate and convey various bioactive molecules that are further transmitted to neighboring or more distant cells, where they induce various signaling cascades. The message delivered to the target cells is dependent on EV composition, which, in turn, is determined by the cell of origin and the surrounding microenvironment during EV biogenesis. Among their multifaceted role in the modulation of biological responses, the involvement of EVs in vascular development, growth, and maturation has been widely documented and their potential therapeutic application in regenerative medicine or angiogenesis-related diseases is drawing increasing interest. EVs derived from various cell types have the potential to deliver complex information to endothelial cells and to induce either pro- or antiangiogenic signaling. As dynamic systems, in response to changes in the microenvironment, EVs adapt their cargo composition to fine-tune the process of blood vessel formation. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of microvesicles and exosomes from various cellular origins in angiogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms, and discusses the main challenges and prerequisites for their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyana Todorova
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.)
| | - Stéphanie Simoncini
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.)
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.)
| | - Florence Sabatier
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.).
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.)
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Tao SC, Guo SC, Zhang CQ. Platelet-derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Therapeutic Approach. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:828-834. [PMID: 28808416 PMCID: PMC5555101 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a newly-discovered way by which cells communicate with their neighbors, as well as transporting cargos which once were considered to be limited by membrane barriers, including membrane proteins, cytosolic proteins and RNA. The discovery of platelet-derived EVs (P-EVs), the most abundant EVs in human blood, has been a very tortuous process. At first, P-EVs were identified as nothing but 'platelet dust', and subsequent research did not progress smoothly because of the limited research techniques to study EVs. Following leaps and bounds of technical progress in studying EVs, more and more attractive features of P-EVs were revealed and they began to be further researched. The aim of this review is to present the latest knowledge about the role of P-EVs in tissue repair and tumor progression. The potential mechanism of P-EVs is emphasized. Then the limitations of the present study and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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Sunderland N, Skroblin P, Barwari T, Huntley RP, Lu R, Joshi A, Lovering RC, Mayr M. MicroRNA Biomarkers and Platelet Reactivity: The Clot Thickens. Circ Res 2017; 120:418-435. [PMID: 28104774 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, several groups have evaluated the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for cardiometabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the emerging literature on the role of miRNAs and other small noncoding RNAs in platelets and in the circulation, and the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for platelet activation. Platelets are a major source of miRNAs, YRNAs, and circular RNAs. By harnessing multiomics approaches, we may gain valuable insights into their potential function. Because not all miRNAs are detectable in the circulation, we also created a gene ontology annotation for circulating miRNAs using the gene ontology term extracellular space as part of blood plasma. Finally, we share key insights for measuring circulating miRNAs. We propose ways to standardize miRNA measurements, in particular by using platelet-poor plasma to avoid confounding caused by residual platelets in plasma or by adding RNase inhibitors to serum to reduce degradation. This should enhance comparability of miRNA measurements across different cohorts. We provide recommendations for future miRNA biomarker studies, emphasizing the need for accurate interpretation within a biological and methodological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sunderland
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.)
| | - Philipp Skroblin
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.)
| | - Temo Barwari
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.)
| | - Rachael P Huntley
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.)
| | - Ruifang Lu
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.)
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.)
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.).
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Medina RJ, Barber CL, Sabatier F, Dignat‐George F, Melero‐Martin JM, Khosrotehrani K, Ohneda O, Randi AM, Chan JK, Yamaguchi T, Van Hinsbergh VW, Yoder MC, Stitt AW. Endothelial Progenitors: A Consensus Statement on Nomenclature. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1316-1320. [PMID: 28296182 PMCID: PMC5442722 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) nomenclature remains ambiguous and there is a general lack of concordance in the stem cell field with many distinct cell subtypes continually grouped under the term "EPC." It would be highly advantageous to agree on standards to confirm an endothelial progenitor phenotype and this should include detailed immunophenotyping, potency assays, and clear separation from hematopoietic angiogenic cells which are not endothelial progenitors. In this review, we seek to discourage the indiscriminate use of "EPCs," and instead propose precise terminology based on defining cellular phenotype and function. Endothelial colony forming cells and myeloid angiogenic cells are examples of two distinct and well-defined cell types that have been considered EPCs because they both promote vascular repair, albeit by completely different mechanisms of action. It is acknowledged that scientific nomenclature should be a dynamic process driven by technological and conceptual advances; ergo the ongoing "EPC" nomenclature ought not to be permanent and should become more precise in the light of strong scientific evidence. This is especially important as these cells become recognized for their role in vascular repair in health and disease and, in some cases, progress toward use in cell therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1316-1320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold J. Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Chad L. Barber
- Department of Biology, California Lutheran UniversityThousand OaksCaliforniaUSA
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Vascular Research Centre Marseille, INSERM, Aix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Juan M. Melero‐Martin
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBoston Children's HospitalMassachusettsUSA
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research InstituteWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Anna M. Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Vascular Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jerry K.Y. Chan
- Department of Reproductive MedicineKK Women's and Children's HospitalSingapore
| | | | - Victor W.M. Van Hinsbergh
- Department of PhysiologyInstitute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Department of PediatricsIndiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
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Emontzpohl C, Simons D, Kraemer S, Goetzenich A, Marx G, Bernhagen J, Stoppe C. Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287533 DOI: 10.3791/55192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited from the bone marrow under pathological conditions like hypoxia and are crucially involved in the neovascularization of ischemic tissues. The origin, classification and characterization of EPCs are complex; notwithstanding, two prominent sub-types of EPCs have been established: so-called "early" EPCs (subsequently referred to as early-EPCs) and late-outgrowth EPCs (late-EPCs). They can be classified by biological properties as well as by their appearance during in vitro culture. While "early" EPCs appear in less than a week after culture of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells in EC-specific media, late-outgrowth EPCs can be found after 2-3 weeks. Late-outgrowth EPCs have been recognized to be directly involved in neovascularization, mainly through their ability to differentiate into mature endothelial cells, whereas "early" EPCs express various angiogenic factors as endogenous cargo to promote angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. During myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), various factors control the homing of EPCs to regions of blood vessel formation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a chemokine-like pro-inflammatory and ubiquitously expressed cytokine and was recently described to function as key regulator of EPCs migration at physiological concentrations1. Interestingly, MIF is stored in intracellular pools and can rapidly be released into the blood stream after several stimuli (e.g. myocardial infarction). This protocol describes a method for the reliable isolation and culture of early-EPCs from adult human peripheral blood based on CD34-positive selection with subsequent culture in medium containing endothelial growth factors on fibronectin-coated plates for use in in vitro migration assays against serum samples of cardiac surgical patients. Furthermore, the migratory influence of MIF on chemotaxis of EPCs compared to other well-known angiogenesis-stimulating cytokines is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Emontzpohl
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Aachen
| | - David Simons
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Aachen
| | - Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Aachen
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-/Kreislaufkrankheiten (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen;
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50
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Meikle CKS, Kelly CA, Garg P, Wuescher LM, Ali RA, Worth RG. Cancer and Thrombosis: The Platelet Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 4:147. [PMID: 28105409 PMCID: PMC5214375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are critical to hemostatic and immunological function, and are key players in cancer progression, metastasis, and cancer-related thrombosis. Platelets interact with immune cells to stimulate anti-tumor responses and can be activated by immune cells and tumor cells. Platelet activation can lead to complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells. Platelets facilitate cancer progression and metastasis by: (1) forming aggregates with tumor cells; (2) inducing tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasion; (3) shielding circulating tumor cells from immune surveillance and killing; (4) facilitating tethering and arrest of circulating tumor cells; and (5) promoting angiogenesis and tumor cell establishment at distant sites. Tumor cell-activated platelets also predispose cancer patients to thrombotic events. Tumor cells and tumor-derived microparticles lead to thrombosis by secreting procoagulant factors, resulting in platelet activation and clotting. Platelets play a critical role in cancer progression and thrombosis, and markers of platelet-tumor cell interaction are candidates as biomarkers for cancer progression and thrombosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire K S Meikle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Clare A Kelly
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Leah M Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Randall G Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
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