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Josefsson EC. Platelet intrinsic apoptosis. Thromb Res 2023; 231:206-213. [PMID: 36739256 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a healthy individual, the lifespan of most platelets is tightly regulated by intrinsic, or mitochondrial, apoptosis. This is a special form of programmed cell death governed by the BCL-2 family of proteins, where the prosurvival protein BCL-XL maintains platelet viability by restraining the prodeath proteins BAK and BAX. Restriction of platelet lifespan by activation of BAK and BAX mediated intrinsic apoptosis is essential to maintain a functional, haemostatically reactive platelet population. This review focuses on the molecular regulation of intrinsic apoptosis in platelets, reviews conditions linked to enhanced platelet death, discusses ex vivo storage of platelets and describes caveats associated with the assessment of platelet apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Josefsson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Gothenburg, Sweden; The University of Gothenburg, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, 1G Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia.
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2
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Tang Y, Qian C, Zhou Y, Yu C, Song M, Zhang T, Min X, Wang A, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Activated platelets facilitate hematogenous metastasis of breast cancer by modulating the PDGFR-β/COX-2 axis. iScience 2023; 26:107704. [PMID: 37680480 PMCID: PMC10480622 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been widely recognized as a bona fide mediator of malignant diseases, and they play significant roles in influencing various aspects of tumor progression. Paracrine interactions between platelets and tumor cells have been implicated in promoting the dissemination of malignant cells to distant sites. However, the underlying mechanisms of the platelet-tumor cell interactions for promoting hematogenous metastasis are not yet fully understood. We found that activated platelets with high expression of CD36 were prone to release a plethora of growth factors and cytokines, including high levels of PDGF-B, compared to resting platelets. PDGF-B activated the PDGFR-β/COX-2 signaling cascade, which elevated an array of pro-inflammatory factors levels, thereby aggravating tumor metastasis. The collective administration of CD36 inhibitor and COX-2 inhibitor resolved the interactions between platelets and tumor cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that targeting the crosstalk between platelets and tumor cells offers potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuewen Min
- Department of Outpatient, Jurong People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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El Filaly H, Desterke C, Outlioua A, Badre W, Rabhi M, Karkouri M, Riyad M, Khalil A, Arnoult D, Akarid K. CXCL-8 as a signature of severe Helicobacter pylori infection and a stimulator of stomach region-dependent immune response. Clin Immunol 2023; 252:109648. [PMID: 37209806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is involved in development of diverse gastro-pathologies. Our aim is to investigate potential signature of cytokines-chemokine levels (IL-17A, IL-1β, and CXCL-8) in H. pylori-infected patients and their impact on immune response in both corpus and antrum. Multivariate level analysis with machine learning model were carried out using cytokines/chemokine levels of infected Moroccan patients. In addition, Geo dataset was used to run enrichment analysis following CXCL-8 upregulation. Our analysis showed that combination of cytokines-chemokine levels allowed prediction of positive H. pylori density score with <5% of miss-classification error, with fundus CXCL-8 being the most important variable for this discrimination. Furthermore, CXCL-8 dependent expression profile was mainly associated to IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling in the antrum, interferons alpha and gamma responses in the corpus and commonly induced transcriptional /proliferative activities. To conclude, CXCL-8 level might be a signature of Moroccan H. pylori-infected patients and an inducer of regional-dependent immune response at the gastric level. Larger trials must be carried out to validate the relevance of these results for diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar El Filaly
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UMRS-1311, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Outlioua
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wafaa Badre
- Gastroenterology Department, CHU IbnRochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Moncef Rabhi
- Diagnostic Center, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, CHU Ibn Rochd/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, UH2C, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Myriam Riyad
- Research Team on Immunopathology of Infectious and Systemic Diseases, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, UH2C, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Arnoult
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Akarid
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Zhou XH, Cheng ZP, Lu M, Lin WY, Luo LL, Ming ZY, Hu Y. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon modulates human and mouse platelet function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:356-366. [PMID: 35918410 PMCID: PMC9889809 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine secreted by adipocytes, has anti-atherosclerotic and antithrombotic activities. AdipoRon is synthetic small molecule adiponectin receptor agonist. In this study, we investigated the effect of AdipoRon on platelet activation and thrombus formation. Washed human platelets were prepared from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. In a series of in vitro platelet functional assays, pre-treatment with AdipoRon (10, 20, 40 µg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited the aggregation, granule secretion and spreading of washed human platelets. We showed that AdipoRon (20, 40 µg/mL) significantly inhibited AMPK, Syk, PLCγ2, PI3K, Akt, p38-MAPK and ERK1/2 signalling pathways in washed human platelets. In addition, we demonstrated that the phosphorylation of CKII at Tyr255 was an important mechanism of the integrin αIIbβ3-mediated platelet activation. Meanwhile, AdipoR1 deficiency impaired the inhibitory effect of AdipoRon on mouse platelets. In ferric chloride-induced carotid injury model, injection of AdipoRon (5 or 12.5 mg/kg, iv) significantly attenuated arterial thrombosis. In conclusion, AdipoRon attenuates platelet function via the AdipoR1/AMPK/CKII/PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, while exerting a protective effect against arterial thrombosis. This study offers new insights into the fields of cardiovascular disease and antiplatelet drug discovery.Schematic model of AdipoRon regulating platelet activation. (BioRender.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li-Li Luo
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhang-Yin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Tong L, Wang BB, Li FH, Lv SP, Pan FF, Dong XJ. An Updated Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:794445. [PMID: 35571162 PMCID: PMC9098821 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.794445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Although the traditional risk factors for CHD have been identified, it seems that there are still many CHD cases without these factors. Previous studies have hypothesized that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was associated with the risk of CHD. Objective The association between H. pylori infection and the risk of CHD was studied using a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis method. Methods In order to find relevant studies, four electronic databases were systematically searched until August 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were screened and data were extracted. Under the random-effects or the fixed-effects model, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were combined. All analyses were conducted using Review Manager software (RevMan 5.4). Results Among the included studies, 2 studies were analyzed for H. pylori stool antigen test, 2 studies were analyzed for H. pylori histological staining test, 13 studies were analyzed for the anti-CagA test, and 38 studies were analyzed for the anti-H. pylori IgG test. The pooled results revealed that positive anti-H. pylori IgG was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD (OR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.34–1.87). Similarly, positive anti-CagA, positive H. pylori stool antigen, and positive H. pylori histological staining were significantly associated with the development of CHD with (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16–1.53), (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.60–7.66), and (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.12–2.83), respectively. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that H. pylori infection increased the risk of CHD. However, more studies are needed to further investigate whether early eradication of H. pylori may reduce the morbidity of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong, China
| | - Fei-Hong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Shu-Ping Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei-Fei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Jiang Dong,
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6
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Xiao W, Zhou K, Yang M, Sun C, Dai L, Gu J, Yan R, Dai K. Carbamazepine Induces Platelet Apoptosis and Thrombocytopenia Through Protein Kinase A. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749930. [PMID: 34658890 PMCID: PMC8513130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamazepine is extensively used worldwide to treat a wide range of disorders such as epilepsy, peripheral neuralgia and bipolar disorder. Thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage have been identified in multiple carbamazepine-treated patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that platelets undergo apoptosis after carbamazepine treatment. The apoptotic platelets induced by carbamazepine are rapidly removed in vivo, which accounts for thrombocytopenia. We found that carbamazepine treatment attenuates the phosphorylation level of bcl-xl/bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), vasodilator-associated stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and GPIbβ in platelets, indicating an inhibition effect on protein kinase A (PKA). We further demonstrated that carbamazepine reduced PKA activity through PI3K/Akt/PDE3A signaling pathway. Pharmacological activation of PKA or inhibition of PI3K/Akt/PDE3A protects platelets from apoptosis induced by carbamazepine. Importantly, PDE3A inhibitors or PKA activator ameliorates carbamazepine-mediated thrombocytopenia in vivo. These findings shed light on a possible mechanism of carbamazepine-induced thrombocytopenia, designating PDE3A/PKA as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of carbamazepine-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Xiao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kangxi Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Lan Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Hematology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
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7
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Ebermeyer T, Cognasse F, Berthelot P, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelet Innate Immune Receptors and TLRs: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157894. [PMID: 34360659 PMCID: PMC8347377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are hematopoietic cells whose main function has for a long time been considered to be the maintenance of vascular integrity. They have an essential role in the hemostatic response, but they also have functional capabilities that go far beyond it. This review will provide an overview of platelet functions. Indeed, stress signals may induce platelet apoptosis through proapoptotis or hemostasis receptors, necrosis, and even autophagy. Platelets also interact with immune cells and modulate immune responses in terms of activation, maturation, recruitment and cytokine secretion. This review will also show that platelets, thanks to their wide range of innate immune receptors, and in particular toll-like receptors, and can be considered sentinels actively participating in the immuno-surveillance of the body. We will discuss the diversity of platelet responses following the engagement of these receptors as well as the signaling pathways involved. Finally, we will show that while platelets contribute significantly, via their TLRs, to immune response and inflammation, these receptors also participate in the pathophysiological processes associated with various pathogens and diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Ebermeyer
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 25 bd Pasteur, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Team GIMAP, CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, U1111, UMR5308, F-69007 Lyon, France;
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Therapeutics, INNOVTE, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Jaime-Pérez JC, Ramos-Dávila EM, Meléndez-Flores JD, Gómez-De León A, Gómez-Almaguer D. Insights on chronic immune thrombocytopenia pathogenesis: A bench to bedside update. Blood Rev 2021; 49:100827. [PMID: 33771403 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a heterogeneous disease with an unpredictable course. Chronicity can develop in up to two-thirds of adults and 20-25% of children, representing a significant burden on patients' quality of life. Despite acceptable responses to treatment, precise etiology and pathophysiology phenomena driving evolution to chronicity remain undefined. We analyzed reported risk factors for chronic ITP and associated them with proposed underlying mechanisms in its pathogenesis, including bone marrow (BM) microenvironment disturbances, clinical features, and immunological markers. Their understanding has diagnostic implications, such as screening for the presence of specific antibodies or BM examination employing molecular tools, which could help predict prognosis and recognize main pathogenic pathways in each patient. Identifying these underlying mechanisms could guide the use of personalized therapies such as all-trans retinoic acid, mTor inhibitors, FcRn inhibitors, oseltamivir, and others. Further research should lead to tailored treatments and chronic course prevention, improving patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Jaime-Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr. Jose E. González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Eugenia M Ramos-Dávila
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr. Jose E. González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jesús D Meléndez-Flores
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr. Jose E. González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Andrés Gómez-De León
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr. Jose E. González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - David Gómez-Almaguer
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr. Jose E. González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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9
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Gonciarz W, Lechowicz Ł, Urbaniak M, Kaca W, Chmiela M. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Artificial Neural Networks Applied to Investigate Quantitative Changes of Selected Soluble Biomarkers, Correlated with H. pylori Infection in Children and Presumable Consequent Delayed Growth. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123852. [PMID: 33260854 PMCID: PMC7759849 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infections causing gastroduodenal disorders are a common medical problem. The aim of this study was to determine the specific motives of infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectra of sera from H. pylori-infected and uninfected children applied to investigate quantitatively-selected soluble biomarkers correlated with H. pylori infection in children and presumable consequent delayed growth. Sera from 41 children infected with H. pylori (Hp(+)) and 43 uninfected (Hp(-)) under the care of the Polish Mother's Hospital in Lodz, Poland, were analyzed. The H. pylori status was confirmed by gastroscopy, 13C urea breath testing, and anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies. Infrared spectra were measured using an FTIR/FT-NIR Spectrum 400 spectrometer (PerkinElmer). The IR spectrum was measured in the wavenumber range 3000-750 cm-1 and subjected to mathematical calculation of the first derivative. Based on the chi-square test, 10 wavenumbers of spectra correlating with H. pylori infection were selected for use in designing an artificial neural network. Ten parts of the IR spectra correlating with H. pylori infection were identified in the W2 and W3 windows associated mainly with proteins and the W4 window related to nucleic acids and hydrocarbons. Artificial neural networks for H. pylori infection were developed based on chemometric data. By mathematical modeling, children were classified towards H. pylori infection in conjunction with elevated levels of selected biomarkers in serum potentially related to growth retardation. The study concludes that IR spectroscopy and artificial neural networks may help to confirm H. pylori-driven growth disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Lechowicz
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.K.)
| | - Mariusz Urbaniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Kaca
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.K.)
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Gautam I, Storad Z, Filipiak L, Huss C, Meikle CK, Worth RG, Wuescher LM. From Classical to Unconventional: The Immune Receptors Facilitating Platelet Responses to Infection and Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E343. [PMID: 33092021 PMCID: PMC7589078 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized for their role in maintaining the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. While their contributions to blood clotting have been well established, it has been increasingly evident that their roles extend to both innate and adaptive immune functions during infection and inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we describe the various ways in which platelets interact with different microbes and elicit immune responses either directly, or through modulation of leukocyte behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah M. Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.G.); (Z.S.); (L.F.); (C.H.); (C.K.M.); (R.G.W.)
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11
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Belizaire R, Makar RS. Non-Alloimmune Mechanisms of Thrombocytopenia and Refractoriness to Platelet Transfusion. Transfus Med Rev 2020; 34:242-249. [PMID: 33129606 PMCID: PMC7494440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Refractoriness to platelet transfusion is a common clinical problem encountered by the transfusion medicine specialist. It is well recognized that most causes of refractoriness to platelet transfusion are not a consequence of alloimmunization to human leukocyte, platelet-specific, or ABO antigens, but are a consequence of platelet sequestration and consumption. This review summarizes the clinical factors that result in platelet refractoriness and highlights recent data describing novel biological mechanisms that contribute to this clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Belizaire
- Associate Director, Adult Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Robert S Makar
- Director, Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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12
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Kerrigan SW, Devine T, Fitzpatrick G, Thachil J, Cox D. Early Host Interactions That Drive the Dysregulated Response in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1748. [PMID: 31447831 PMCID: PMC6691039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. While many individual cells and systems in the body are involved in driving the excessive and sometimes sustained host response, pathogen engagement with endothelial cells and platelets early in sepsis progression, are believed to be key. Significant progress has been made in establishing key molecular interactions between platelets and pathogens and endothelial cells and pathogens. This review will explore the growing number of compensatory connections between bacteria and viruses with platelets and endothelial cells and how a better understanding of these interactions are informing the field of potential novel ways to treat the dysregulated host response during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Kerrigan
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tatyana Devine
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glenn Fitzpatrick
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot Cox
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Esteghamat F, Broughton JS, Smith E, Cardone R, Tyagi T, Guerra M, Szabó A, Ugwu N, Mani MV, Azari B, Kayingo G, Chung S, Fathzadeh M, Weiss E, Bender J, Mane S, Lifton RP, Adeniran A, Nathanson MH, Gorelick FS, Hwa J, Sahin-Tóth M, Belfort-DeAguiar R, Kibbey RG, Mani A. CELA2A mutations predispose to early-onset atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome and affect plasma insulin and platelet activation. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1233-1243. [PMID: 31358993 PMCID: PMC6675645 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Factors that underlie the clustering of metabolic syndrome traits are not fully known. We performed whole exome sequence analysis in kindreds with extreme phenotypes of early-onset atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome and identified novel loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the pancreatic elastase CELA2A. We further show that CELA2A is a circulating enzyme that reduces platelet hyperactivation, triggers both insulin secretion and degradation, and increases insulin sensitivity. CELA2A plasma levels rise postprandially and parallel insulin levels in humans. Loss of these functions by the mutant proteins provides insight into disease mechanisms and suggests that CELA2A could be an attractive therapeutic target. Exome sequencing identifies loss-of-function CELA2A mutations in families with early-onset atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Functional studies show that CELA2A is a circulating enzyme that reduces platelet activation, triggers insulin secretion and degradation, and increases insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James S Broughton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tarun Tyagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mateus Guerra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - András Szabó
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nelson Ugwu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mitra V Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bani Azari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald Kayingo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunny Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mohsen Fathzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ephraim Weiss
- Department of Medicine, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bender
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael H Nathanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fred S Gorelick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Hwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Hepatoma-derived growth factor participates in Helicobacter Pylori-induced neutrophils recruitment, gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:6461-6477. [PMID: 31332288 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and overexpression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between Hp-induced gastric diseases and HDGF upregulation is not yet completely clear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of HDGF in Hp-induced gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. HDGF expression in gastric biopsy and serum from patients was analyzed by immunohistochemical and ELISA analysis, respectively. Hp and gastric cells coculture system was employed to delineate the mechanism underlying HDGF overexpression during Hp infection. The gastric pathologies of wild type and HDGF knockout mice after Hp infection were investigated by immunohistochemical, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses. HDGF level was significantly elevated in patients with Hp infection or intestinal metaplasia (IM, a precancerous lesion), and HDGF overexpression was positively correlated with Hp load, IM, and neutrophil infiltration in gastric biopsy. Consistently, patients with Hp infection or IM had significantly higher serum HDGF level. By using coculture assay, Hp infection led to HDGF upregulation and secretion in gastric cells. In mice model, HDGF ablation significantly suppressed the Hp-induced neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory TNF-α/COX-2 signaling, thereby relieving the tissue damage in stomach. This was further supported by that recombinant HDGF (rHDGF) stimulated the differentiation/chemotaxis of cultured neutrophils and oncogenic behaviors of gastric cells. Time series studies showed that Hp infection elicited an inflammatory TNF-α/HDGF/COX-2 cascade in stomach. HDGF secretion by Hp infection promotes the neutrophils infiltration and relays Hp-induced inflammatory signaling. Thus, HDGF may constitute a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for Hp-induced gastritis and carcinogenesis.
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15
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Vishalakshi GJ, NaveenKumar SK, Hemshekhar M, Mahendra M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Para-tertiary butyl catechol (PTBC), an industrial antioxidant induces human platelet apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:262-270. [PMID: 30461186 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The catecholic derivative para-tertiary butyl catechol (PTBC) is a conventional antioxidant and polymerization inhibitor, which exhibits melanocytotoxic effects and contact dermatitis often leading to occupational leucoderma or vitiligo. Although numerous industrial workers will be in constant exposure to PTBC and its chances of getting entry into blood are most expected, its effect on blood components is still undisclosed. As platelets play a prominent role in dermatitis, inflammation, and immunity, in this study we have evaluated the effect of PTBC on human platelets in vitro. Exposure of platelets to PTBC showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular calcium, cardiolipin oxidation, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation, activation of caspases, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, there was a significant decrease in cellular glutathione level, increased γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and cell death. These findings demonstrate that PTBC could induce toxic effects on blood components, which is often ignored field of research. Since dermal exposure of humans to toxic chemicals covers an important issue in various industries, there is a need of such work to understand and update the long-term toxicities induced by PTBC usage in industrial sectors and public domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- DOS in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, India
| | - Kesturu S Girish
- DOS in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, India
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, India
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16
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17
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Impact of Escherichia coli K12 and O18:K1 on human platelets: Differential effects on platelet activation, RNAs and proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16145. [PMID: 30385858 PMCID: PMC6212526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets can interact with bacteria, possibly leading to platelet activation, cytokine and microparticle release and immune signalling. Besides, bacteria can also affect the platelet RNA content. We investigated the impact of non-pathogenic K12 and pathogenic O18:K1 Escherichia (E.) coli strains on platelet activation, RNA expression patterns, and selected proteins. Depending on bacteria concentration, contact of platelets with E. coli K12 lead to an increase of P-selectin (24–51.3%), CD63 (15.9–24.3%), PAC-1 (3.8–14.9%) and bound fibrinogen (22.4–39%) on the surface. E. coli O18:K1 did not affect these markers. Sequencing analysis of total RNA showed that E. coli K12 caused a significant concentration change of 103 spliced mRNAs, of which 74 decreased. For the RNAs of HMBS (logFC = +5.73), ATP2C1 (logFC = −3.13) and LRCH4 (logFC = −4.07) changes were detectable by thromboSeq and Tuxedo pipelines. By Western blot we observed the conversion of HMBS protein from a 47 kDA to 40 kDa product by E. coli K12, O18:K1 and by purified lipopolysaccharide. While ATP2C1 protein was released from platelets, E. coli either reduced the secretion or broke down the released protein making it undetectable by antibodies. Our results demonstrate that different E. coli strains influence activation, RNA and protein levels differently which may affect platelet-bacteria crosstalk.
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18
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Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae infections induce platelet aggregation and apoptosis and inhibit maturation of megakaryocytes. Thromb Res 2018; 171:45-54. [PMID: 30248660 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carry different virulence factors and antibiotic resistance and may cause thrombocytopenia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different infections caused by K. pneumoniae on platelets. METHODS Two hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae strains and two classic strains were collected from clinical blood culture, and in both groups, there was a carbapenem-resistant strain and a carbapenem-sensitive strain. Mouse infection models were constructed by intraperitoneally injecting different strains, and mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline served as a control. Count, aggregation rate and apoptosis proportion of platelets within 12 h were examined. CD41 expression was measured in bone marrow cells to determine the maturation of megakaryocytes. The concentrations of lipopolysaccharides and related signaling molecules were also measured. RESULTS The platelet aggregation rate was much significantly higher in the two hypermucoviscous groups, while it showed no difference in the classic groups compared to the control group. All infections induced apoptosis of platelets, among which the highest apoptosis proportions were observed in infections caused by the hypermucoviscous carbapenem-sensitive strain. In both hypermucoviscous groups the CD41 mean fluorescence intensity was much lower than that in the control group, indicating that the maturation of megakaryocytes in the hypermucoviscous groups was significantly inhibited. Lipopolysaccharides were significantly higher and TLR4/Myd88 and JNK/MAPK pathways were strongly activated in hypermucoviscous groups. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae can reduce platelet count by several pathways. Although antibiotic resistance is rapidly emerging worldwide, it has little influence on the decrease in platelets.
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19
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SUMOs Mediate the Nuclear Transfer of p38 and p-p38 during Helicobacter Pylori Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092482. [PMID: 30135361 PMCID: PMC6163533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has been suggested to play a significant role in the gastric mucosal inflammatory response to chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Nuclear translocation is thought to be important for p38 function, but no nuclear translocation signals have been found in the protein and no nuclear carrier proteins have been identified for p38. We have investigated the role of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) in the nuclear transfer of p38 in response to H. pylori infection. Exposure of human AGS cells to H. pylori induced the activation of p38 and the expression of SUMOs, especially SUMO-2. SUMO knockdown counteracted the effect of H. pylori infection by decreasing the resulting p38 mediated cellular apoptosis through a reduction in the nuclear fraction of phosphorylated p38. We identified a non-covalent interaction between SUMOs and p38 via SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs), and showed that SUMO-dependent nuclear transfer of p38 was decreased upon mutation of its SIMs. This study has identified a new pathway of p38 nuclear translocation, in response to H. pylori infection. We conclude that in the presence of H. pylori SUMO-2 has a major role in regulating nuclear levels of p38, through non-covalent SUMO-p38 interactions, independent of the p38 phosphorylation state.
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20
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Bao H, Chen YX, Huang K, Zhuang F, Bao M, Han Y, Chen XH, Shi Q, Yao QP, Qi YX. Platelet-derived microparticles promote endothelial cell proliferation in hypertension via miR-142-3p. FASEB J 2018; 32:3912-3923. [PMID: 29481306 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701073r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are located at the interface between flowing blood and the vessel wall, and abnormal EC proliferation induced by pathologic environments plays an important role in vascular remodeling in hypertensive conditions. Exchanges of information between blood components and ECs are important for EC function. Hence, the present study sought to determine how platelets induce EC dysfunction under hypertensive conditions. EC proliferation was increased in renal hypertensive rats established by abdominal aortic coarctation compared with control rats and that elevated thrombin in plasma promoted platelet activation, which may induce the release of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs). MicroRNA (MiR) array and qPCR revealed a higher level of miR-142-3p in platelets and PMPs. In vitro, PMPs delivered miR-142-3p into ECs and enhanced their proliferation via Bcl-2-associated transcription factor (BCLAF)1 and its downstream genes. These results indicate that PMPs deliver miR-142-3p from activated platelets into ECs and that miR-142-3p may play important roles in EC dysfunction in hypertensive conditions and may be a novel therapeutic target for maintaining EC homeostasis in hypertension.-Bao, H., Chen, Y.-X., Huang, K., Zhuang, F., Bao, M., Han, Y., Chen, X.-H., Shi, Q., Yao, Q.-P., Qi, Y.-X. Platelet-derived microparticles promote endothelial cell proliferation in hypertension via miR-142-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Xiu Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhuang
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hu Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shi
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zhao L, Liu J, He C, Yan R, Zhou K, Cui Q, Meng X, Li X, Zhang Y, Nie Y, Zhang Y, Hu R, Liu Y, Zhao L, Chen M, Xiao W, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cao L, Zhou L, Lin A, Ruan C, Dai K. Protein kinase A determines platelet life span and survival by regulating apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4338-4351. [PMID: 29083324 DOI: 10.1172/jci95109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis delimits platelet life span in the circulation and leads to storage lesion, which severely limits the shelf life of stored platelets. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that platelet apoptosis provoked by various pathological stimuli results in thrombocytopenia in many common diseases. However, little is known about how platelet apoptosis is initiated or regulated. Here, we show that PKA activity is markedly reduced in platelets aged in vitro, stored platelets, and platelets from patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), diabetes, and bacterial infections. Inhibition or genetic ablation of PKA provoked intrinsic programmed platelet apoptosis in vitro and rapid platelet clearance in vivo. PKA inhibition resulted in dephosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein BAD at Ser155, resulting in sequestration of prosurvival protein BCL-XL in mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. Notably, PKA activation protected platelets from apoptosis induced by storage or pathological stimuli and elevated peripheral platelet levels in normal mice and in a murine model of ITP. Therefore, these findings identify PKA as a homeostatic regulator of platelet apoptosis that determines platelet life span and survival. Furthermore, these results suggest that regulation of PKA activity represents a promising strategy for extending platelet shelf life and has profound implications for the treatment of platelet number-related diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Kangxi Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingya Cui
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingjun Meng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumei Nie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Renping Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yancai Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengxing Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiling Xiao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingluan Tian
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Anning Lin
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
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22
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Chmiela M, Gonciarz W. Molecular mimicry in Helicobacter pylori infections. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3964-3977. [PMID: 28652651 PMCID: PMC5473117 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonize gastric mucosa in humans and increase the risk of serious diseases such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, stomach cancers and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of several extragastric diseases has been suggested including immune thrombocytopenic purpura, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and dermatological disorders. Also neurological diseases and even lung cancer have attracted researchers concern. The relation between H. pylori infection and a growth retardation in children has also been suggested. Many mechanisms of molecular mimicry between H. pylori and the host have been proposed as a pathogen strategy to manipulate the immune system of the host in order to remain unrecognized and avoid eradication. A lot of effort has been put into the demonstration of homologous sequences between H. pylori and host compounds. However, knowledge about how often autoantibodies or autoreactive T lymphocytes induced during H. pylori infections cause pathological disorders is insufficient. This review provides data on H. pylori antigenic mimicry and possible deleterious effects due to the induction of immune response to the components common to these bacteria and the host.
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Prakash P, Nayak MK, Chauhan AK. P-selectin can promote thrombus propagation independently of both von Willebrand factor and thrombospondin-1 in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:388-394. [PMID: 27943541 PMCID: PMC5305620 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The main receptor for platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα is von Willebrand factor (VWF). P-selectin and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) have been suggested as counter receptors for GPIbα. In a laser injury model, P-selectin promotes thrombus propagation independently of VWF and TSP1. In a laser injury model, thrombus persists in interleukin-4 receptor α/GPIbα-transgenic mice. SUMMARY Background P-selectin and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) have been suggested as counter ligands that may mediate GPIbα-dependent thrombus growth independently of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in vitro. However, residual thrombus formation still persists in Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice, suggesting existence of other mechanisms that modulate thrombus propagation. Objective We determined whether P-selectin modulates thrombus propagation in injured arterioles independently of TSP1 and VWF. Methods CD-62P blocking antibody in Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice was used to inhibit P-selectin. We determined thrombus growth kinetics in two models of thrombosis: FeCl3 injury-induced and laser injury-induced thrombosis. Results In a 10% FeCl3 injury-induced thrombosis model, the initial platelet adhesion, time to form first thrombus, and non-occlusive residual thrombus growth kinetics were comparable between P-selectin-blocking antibody-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice and control IgG-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice. On the other hand, in a laser injury-induced thrombosis model, residual thrombus growth kinetics were significantly decreased in P-selectin-blocking antibody-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice vs. control IgG-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice. Because P-selectin has been suggested as a counter ligand for platelet GPIbα, we determined the role of GPIbα in a laser injury-induced thrombosis model. Surprisingly, in a laser injury model, unlike in a FeCl3 injury model, thrombus formation was not completely inhibited in IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg mice. Residual thrombus growth kinetics were comparable between P-selectin-blocking antibody-treated IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg mice and control IgG-treated IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg mice. Comparison of slopes over time showed that residual thrombus growth kinetics were comparable in P-selectin-blocking antibody-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- and control IgG-treated IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg mice Conclusion In a laser injury-induced thrombosis model, P-selectin modulates thrombus propagation independently of VWF and TSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M K Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A K Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Zhang S, Wang J, Chen S, Yin J, Pan Z, Liu K, Li L, Zheng Y, Yuan Y, Jiang Y. Effects of Suilysin on Streptococcus suis-Induced Platelet Aggregation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:128. [PMID: 27800304 PMCID: PMC5065993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets play important roles during pathological thrombocytopenia in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Streptococcus suis (S. suis) an emerging human pathogen, can cause STSS similarly to S. pyogenes. However, S. suis interactions with platelets are poorly understood. Here, we found that suilysin (SLY), different from other bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), was the sole stimulus that induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, the inside-out activation of GPIIb/IIIa of platelets mediated SLY-induced platelet aggregation. This process was triggered by Ca2+ influx that depend on the pore forming on platelets by SLY. Additionally, although SLY induced α-granule release occurred via the MLCK-dependent pathway, PLC-β-IP3/DAG-MLCK and Rho-ROCK-MLCK signaling were not involved in SLY-induced platelet aggregation. Interestingly, the pore dependent Ca2+ influx was also found to participate in the induction of platelet aggregation with pneumolysin (PLY) and streptolysin O (SLO), two other CDCs. It is possible that the CDC-mediated platelet aggregation we observed in S. suis is a similar response mechanism to that used by a wide range of bacteria. These findings might lead to the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for S. suis-associated STSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | | | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Keke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
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Wong WT, Ismail M, Imam MU, Zhang YD. Modulation of platelet functions by crude rice (Oryza sativa) bran policosanol extract. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:252. [PMID: 27465266 PMCID: PMC4964039 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Rice bran is bioactive-rich and has proven health benefits for humans. Moreover, its source, the brown rice has antioxidant, hypolipidemic and other functional properties that are increasingly making it a nutritional staple especially in Asian countries. This study investigated the antiplatelet aggregation mechanisms of crude hexane/methanolic rice bran extract, in which policosanol was the targeted bioactive. Platelets play a vital role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, and their increased activities could potentially cause arterial thrombus formation or severe bleeding disorders. Thus, in this study, platelet aggregation and adhesion of platelets to major components of basal lamina were examined in vitro. In addition, cellular protein secretion was quantified as a measurement of platelet activation. Methods Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation were studied using the microtiter technique. Rat platelets were pre-treated with various concentrations of policosanol extract, and the adhesion of platelets onto collagen- and laminin-coated surface (extracellular matrix) was studied using the acid phosphatase assay. The effect of crude policosanol extract on released proteins from activated platelets was measured using modified Lowry determination method. Results Rice bran policosanol extract significantly inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation induced by different agonists in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 of ADP-, collagen-, and AA-induced platelet aggregation were 533.37 ± 112.16, 635.94 ± 78.45 and 693.86 ± 70.57 μg/mL, respectively. The present study showed that crude rice bran policosanol extract significantly inhibited platelet adhesion to collagen in a dose dependent manner. Conversely, at a low concentration of 15.625 μg/mL, the extract significantly inhibited platelet adhesion to laminin stimulated by different platelet agonists. In addition to the alteration of cell adhesive properties, cellular protein secretion of the treated platelets towards different stimulants were decreased upon crude extract treatment. Conclusion Our results showed that crude rice bran policosanol extract could inhibit in vitro platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion upon activation using agonists. These findings serve as a scientific platform to further explore alternative therapies in cardiovascular diseases related to platelet malfunction.
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Abstract
The lifespan of platelets in circulation is brief, close to 10 days in humans and 5 days in mice. Bone marrow residing megakaryocytes produce around 100 billion platelets per day. In a healthy individual, the majority of platelets are not consumed by hemostatic processes, but rather their lifespan is controlled by programmed cell death, a canonical intrinsic apoptosis program. In the last decade, insights from genetically manipulated mouse models and pharmacological developments have helped to define the components of the intrinsic, or mitochondrial, apoptosis pathway that controls platelet lifespan. This review focuses on the molecular regulation of apoptosis in platelet survival, reviews thrombocytopenic conditions linked to enhanced platelet death, examines implications of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia through apoptosis-inducing drugs in cancer therapy as well as discusses ex vivo aging of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lebois
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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Franceschi F, Tortora A, Di Rienzo T, D’Angelo G, Ianiro G, Scaldaferri F, Gerardi V, Tesori V, Lopetuso LR, Gasbarrini A. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection on nutrition and metabolism. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12809-12817. [PMID: 25278679 PMCID: PMC4177464 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative pathogen that is widespread all over the world, infecting more than 50% of the world’s population. It is etiologically associated with non-atrophic and atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and shows a deep association with primary gastric B-cell lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Recently, the medical research focused on the modification of the gastric environment induced by H. pylori infection, possibly affecting the absorption of nutrients and drugs as well as the production of hormones strongly implicated in the regulation of appetite and growth. Interestingly, the absorption of iron and vitamin B12 is impaired by H. pylori infection, while infected subjects have lower basal and fasting serum levels of ghrelin and higher concentration of leptin compared to controls. Since leptin is an anorexigenic hormone, and ghrelin stimulates powerfully the release of growth hormone in humans, H. pylori infection may finally induce growth retardation if acquired very early in the childhood and in malnourished children. This review is focused on the nutritional effects of H. pylori infection, such as the reduced bioavailability or the malabsorbption of essential nutrients, and of gastrointestinal hormones, as well as on the relationship between H. pylori and the metabolic syndrome.
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Mondal NK, Sorensen EN, Hiivala NJ, Feller ED, Pham SM, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. Intraplatelet reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage and platelet apoptosis augment non-surgical bleeding in heart failure patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. Platelets 2014; 26:536-44. [PMID: 25167344 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2014.948840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-surgical bleeding (NSB) is the most common clinical complication among heart failure (HF) patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Understanding the role of platelet functionality contributing to NSB after CF-LVAD implantation is crucial for prevention and management of this adverse event. The aim of this study was to examine the role of intraplatelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) and platelet damage on the incidence of bleeding events after CF-LVAD implantation in HF patients. We recruited 25 HF patients implanted with CF-LVADs and 11 healthy volunteers as the control. Intraplatelet ROS generation, platelet mitochondrial damage and platelet apoptosis were quantified by flow cytometry. Among 25 patients, 8 patients developed non-surgical bleeding within one month after CF-LVAD implantation. Intraplatelet ROS, depolarized and apoptotic platelet were found to be pre-existing conditions in all baseline samples of the 25 HF patients when compared to the healthy volunteers. There was no significant difference in the levels of ROS between the non-bleeder and the bleeder groups prior to CF-LVAD implantation, although we noticed 2-fold and 1.5-fold rise in depolarized and apoptotic platelets, respectively, in the bleeder group compared to those in the non-bleeder group. Post implant levels of intraplatelet ROS, depolarized and apoptotic platelets increased and remained elevated in the bleeder group, whereas periodic decreases were noticed in the non-bleeder group, suggesting the potential role of platelet damage on bleeding incidence. ROS generation after CF-LVAD implantation positively associated with platelet apoptosis (ρ = 0.4263, p = 0.0023) and depolarized platelets (ρ = 0.4774, p = 0.0002), especially the latter. In conclusion, elevated intraplatelet ROS and platelet damage may be linked to the NSB among HF patients supported by CF-LVAD. These results provide mechanistic insights into the bleeding complication in patients with CF-LVAD support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan K Mondal
- Department of Surgery, Artificial Organs Laboratory, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA
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Brito HSH, Braga JAP, Loggetto SR, Machado RS, Granato CFH, Kawakami E. Helicobacter pylori infection & immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children and adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Platelets 2014; 26:336-41. [PMID: 24832381 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2014.911836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) association is not well established in chronic ITP (cITP) in children, although the cure of thrombocytopenia in approximately half of H. pylori eradicated adult patients has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of H. pylori eradication on platelet (PLT) recovery in cITP children and adolescents through a randomized, controlled trial. A total of 85 children (mean age 11.4 years) with cITP were prospectively enrolled. Diagnosis of H. pylori was established by two locally validated tests, (13)C-urea breath test and monoclonal stool antigen test. Twenty-two infected patients were identified, and randomly allocated into two groups: H. pylori treatment group (n = 11) and the non-intervention control group (n = 11). The control group was offered treatment if the thrombocytopenia persisted after the follow-up. At baseline, there were no differences regarding age, sex, duration of disease, and PLT count between groups. Sixty three of 85 patients were uninfected. PLT response was classified as complete response: PLT > 150 × 10(9 )l(-1); partial response: PLT 50-150 × 10(9 )l(-1), or an increase of 20-30 × 10(9 )l(-1); no response: PLT < 50 × 10(9 )l(-1) or an increase of <20 × 10(9 )l(-1) after at least 6 months of follow-up. Complete response was observed in 60.0% (6/10, one excluded) H. pylori eradicated patients vs. 18.2% (2/11) in non-eradicated patients (p = 0.08; OR = 6.75) after 6-9 months of follow-up. Among uninfected patients, only 13.8% (8/58) presented complete response. Two non-treated controls were treated after 6-12 months of follow-up, and PLT response was observed in 61.5% (8/13) of H. pylori eradicated patients, and in 19.0% (11/58) of uninfected patients (p = 0.004). Cytotoxin associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin gene A IgG antibodies were present in almost all infected patients. Therefore, the study suggests that H. pylori eradication plays a role in the management of H. pylori infected cITP children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Shino Hanai Brito
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP , Brazil
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Budzyński J, Koziński M, Kłopocka M, Kubica JM, Kubica J. Clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an overview of current evidence. Clin Res Cardiol 2014; 103:855-86. [PMID: 24817551 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-014-0720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although Helicobacter pylori (Hp) primarily colonizes gastric mucosa, it can occasionally inhabit in atherosclerotic plaques. Both forms of Hp infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via activation of a systemic or local inflammatory host reaction and induction of plaque progression and/or instability, possibly leading to coronary syndromes. The association between Hp infection and cardiovascular endpoint prevalence remains uncertain; however, it has been reported in many epidemiological investigations and may be reasonably explained by pathophysiological mechanisms. Besides the inflammatory pathway, Hp infection may trigger acute coronary syndromes by enhanced platelet reactivity and increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (type 2 myocardial infarction). The former seems to be predominantly related to the stimulatory effect of Hp infection on von Willebrand factor-binding and P-selectin activation, and the latter results from cytotoxic bacteria properties and aggravation of digestive tract injury related to aspirin or dual antiplatelet therapy. Despite these premises, the role of Hp infection in cardiovascular syndromes should still be recognized as controversial and requiring randomized, controlled trials to evaluate the outcome of Hp eradication in both cardiac and gastroenterological endpoints. Such need is also justified by potential bias of previous studies resulting from (1) using different diagnostic methods for identification of Hp infection, since only a small number of studies required confirmation of active Hp infection; and from (2) common lack of adjustment for important confounders such as socioeconomic status, smoking and effectiveness of eradication therapy, as well as the genetic characteristics of both the host and the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Budzyński
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland,
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Helicobacter pylori and Systemic Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:358494. [PMID: 24772167 PMCID: PMC3977557 DOI: 10.1155/2014/358494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Zhao YJ, Yang X, Ren L, Cai AS, Zhang YF. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Correlations of SELE and SELP genetic polymorphisms with myocardial infarction risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4521-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Platelet production proceeds independently of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3455. [PMID: 24632563 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3 mimetic drugs that target BCL-2 family pro-survival proteins to induce tumour cell apoptosis represent a new era in cancer therapy. Clinical trials of navitoclax (ABT-263, which targets BCL-2, BCL-XL and BCL-W) have shown great promise, but encountered dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. Recent work has demonstrated that this is due to the inhibition of BCL-XL, which is essential for platelet survival. These findings raise new questions about the established model of platelet shedding by megakaryocytes, which is thought to be an apoptotic process. Here we generate mice with megakaryocyte-specific deletions of the essential mediators of extrinsic (Caspase-8) and intrinsic (BAK/BAX) apoptosis. We show that megakaryocytes possess a Fas ligand-inducible extrinsic apoptosis pathway. However, Fas activation does not stimulate platelet production, rather, it triggers Caspase-8-mediated killing. Combined loss of Caspase-8/BAK/BAX does not impair thrombopoiesis, but can protect megakaryocytes from death in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Thus, apoptosis is dispensable for platelet biogenesis.
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Abstract
The role of apoptotic pathways in the development and function of the megakaryocyte lineage has generated renewed interest in recent years. This has been driven by the advent of BH3 mimetic drugs that target BCL2 family proteins to induce apoptosis in tumour cells: agents such as ABT-263 (navitoclax, which targets BCL2, BCL-XL [BCL2L1] and BCL2L2) and ABT-199 (a BCL2-specific agent) are showing great promise in early stage clinical trials. However, the major dose-limiting toxicity of navitoclax has proven to be thrombocytopenia, an on-target effect of inhibiting BCL-XL . It transpires that the anucleate platelet contains a classical intrinsic apoptosis pathway, which at steady state regulates its life span in the circulation. BCL-XL is the critical pro-survival protein that restrains apoptosis and maintains platelet viability. These findings have paved the way to a deeper understanding of apoptotic pathways and processes in platelets, and their precursor cell, the megakaryocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Gyulkhandanyan AV, Mutlu A, Freedman J, Leytin V. Selective triggering of platelet apoptosis, platelet activation or both. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:245-54. [PMID: 23398569 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anucleate platelets perform two fundamental processes, activation and apoptosis. We elaborated an approach for selective and concurrent stimulation of platelet apoptosis and/or activation, processes important in haemostasis and platelet clearance. Human platelets were treated with BH3 mimetic ABT-737, thrombin, calcium ionophore A23187 and matched diluents. Apoptosis was determined as mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and activation as P-selectin exposure. At optimal treatment conditions (90-180 min, 37°C), ABT-737 predominantly induced apoptosis, when 77-81% platelets undergo only ΔΨm depolarization. The ABT-737 impact on ΔΨm depolarization is strongly time- and temperature-dependent, and much higher at 37°C than at room temperature. In contrast, when platelets were treated with thrombin for 15-90 min at either temperature, activation-only was predominantly (79-85%) induced, whereas A23187 triggers both apoptosis and activation (73-81%) when platelets were treated for 15-60 min at 37°C or 15-90 min at room temperature. These data demonstrate that, depending on the triggering stimulus, platelets predominantly undergo ΔΨm depolarization-only, P-selectin exposure-only, or both responses, indicating that platelet apoptosis and activation are different phenomena driven by different mechanisms. The described model provides a basis for studying differential pharmacological manipulation of platelet apoptosis and activation and their role in haemostasis, thrombosis and platelet clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen V Gyulkhandanyan
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhang S, Ye J, Zhang Y, Xu X, Liu J, Zhang SH, Kunapuli SP, Ding Z. P2Y12 protects platelets from apoptosis via PI3k-dependent Bak/Bax inactivation. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:149-60. [PMID: 23140172 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet ADP receptor P2Y(12) is well studied and recognized as a key player in platelet activation, hemostasis and thrombosis. However, the role of P2Y(12) in platelet apoptosis remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of the P2Y(12) receptor in platelet apoptosis. METHODS We used flow cytometry and Western blotting to assess apoptotic events in platelets treated with ABT-737 or ABT-263, and stored at 37°C, combined with P2Y(12) receptor antagonists or P2Y(12) -deficient mice. RESULTS P2Y(12) activation attenuated apoptosis induced by ABT-737 in human and mouse platelets in vitro, evidenced by reduced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, diminished depolarization of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and decreased caspase-3 activation. Through increasing the phosphorylation level of Akt and Bad, and changing the interaction between different Bcl-2 family proteins, P2Y(12) activation inactivated Bak/Bax. This antiapoptotic effect could be abolished by P2Y(12) antagonism or PI3K inhibition. We also observed the antiapoptotic effect of P2Y(12) activation in platelets stored at 37°C. P2Y(12) activation improved the impaired activation responses of apoptotic platelets stressed by ABT-737. In platelets from mice dosed with ABT-263 in vivo, clopidogrel or deficiency of P2Y(12) receptor enhanced apoptosis along with increased Bak/Bax activation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that P2Y(12) activation protects platelets from apoptosis via PI3k-dependent Bak/Bax inactivation, which may be physiologically important to counter the proapoptotic challenge. Our findings that P2Y(12) blockade exaggerates platelet apoptosis induced by ABT-263 (Navitoclax) also imply a novel drug interaction of ABT-263 and P2Y(12) antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Abstract
Idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common autoimmune disorder resulting in isolated thrombocytopenia. ITP can present either alone (primary) or in the setting of other conditions (secondary) such as infections or altered immune states. ITP is associated with a loss of tolerance to platelet antigens and a phenotype of accelerated platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Although the etiology of ITP remains unknown, complex dysregulation of the immune system is observed in ITP patients. Antiplatelet antibodies mediate accelerated clearance from the circulation in large part via the reticuloendothelial (monocytic phagocytic) system. In addition, cellular immunity is perturbed and T-cell and cytokine profiles are significantly shifted toward a type 1 and Th17 proinflammatory immune response. Further clues into immune dysregulation in ITP may be gleaned from studies of secondary ITP. Some infections can induce antiplatelet Abs by molecular mimicry, and there may be common elements involved in breaking tolerance with other autoimmune disorders. There is also evidence for a genetic predisposition to both ITP and responsiveness to therapy, which may in part lie within immune-related genes. Lastly, treatment with immunomodulatory agents remains the mainstay of ITP therapies.
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Gyulkhandanyan AV, Mutlu A, Freedman J, Leytin V. Markers of platelet apoptosis: methodology and applications. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 33:397-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saito A, Yokohama A, Osaki Y, Ogawa Y, Nakahashi H, Toyama K, Mitsui T, Hashimoto Y, Koiso H, Uchiumi H, Saitoh T, Handa H, Sawamura M, Karasawa M, Murakami H, Tsukamoto N, Nojima Y. Circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with primary and Helicobacter pylori-associated immune thrombocytopenia. Eur J Haematol 2012; 88:340-9. [PMID: 22221143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoreactive antibodies against platelet antigens. Although dysfunction of multiple aspects of cellular immunity is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of ITP, it has not been clarified which cell types play a principal role. METHODS We enrolled 46 untreated patients with chronic ITP and 47 healthy adult volunteers, and investigated by flow cytometry the percentage and absolute number of cells in their peripheral blood that participate in the regulation of cellular immunity. These included plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and Th17 cells. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in the absolute number of pDCs, but not of mDCs, in patients with ITP when compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). Reduced numbers of circulating pDCs were observed in both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative patients with ITP. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the numbers of circulating Treg cells, Th17 cells, NK cells, or NKT cells. Interestingly, we observed increases in the number of pDCs after H. pylori eradication by antibiotics in responders but not in non-responders, while pDCs and mDCs decreased markedly after prednisolone therapy in both responders and non-responders. In patients without treatment, low pDC numbers persisted during the observational period. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the number of circulating pDCs is low in patients with primary and H. pylori-associated ITP and that it changes depending on treatment modality. Further investigation is warranted with regard to the role of pDCs in the immunopathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Saito
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma
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Abstract
For many years, programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, was attributed exclusively to nucleated cells. Currently, however, apoptosis is also well-documented in anucleate platelets. This review describes extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in nucleated cells and in platelets, platelet apoptosis induced by multiple chemical stimuli and shear stresses, markers of platelet apoptosis, mitochodrial control of platelet apoptosis, and apoptosis mediated by platelet surface receptors PAR-1, GPIIbIIIa and GPIbα. In addition, this review presents data on platelet apoptosis provoked by aging of platelets in vitro during platelet storage, platelet apoptosis in pathological settings in humans and animal models, and inhibition of platelet apoptosis by cyclosporin A, intravenous immunoglobulin and GPIIbIIIa antagonist drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Leytin
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Cox D, Kerrigan SW, Watson SP. Platelets and the innate immune system: mechanisms of bacterial-induced platelet activation. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1097-107. [PMID: 21435167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has become clear that platelets are not simply cell fragments that plug the leak in a damaged blood vessel; they are, in fact, also key components in the innate immune system, which is supported by the presence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on platelets. As the cells that respond first to a site of injury, they are well placed to direct the immune response to deal with any resulting exposure to pathogens. The response is triggered by bacteria binding to platelets, which usually triggers platelet activation and the secretion of antimicrobial peptides. The main platelet receptors that mediate these interactions are glycoprotein (GP)IIb-IIIa, GPIbα, FcγRIIa, complement receptors, and TLRs. This process may involve direct interactions between bacterial proteins and the receptors, or can be mediated by plasma proteins such as fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, complement, and IgG. Here, we review the variety of interactions between platelets and bacteria, and look at the potential for inhibiting these interactions in diseases such as infective endocarditis and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Zavos C, Deretzi G. The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and insulin resistance: a systematic review. Helicobacter 2011; 16:79-88. [PMID: 21435084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with diverse extradigestive morbidity, including insulin resistance (IR) syndrome. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the epidemiologic evidence concerning the association between H. pylori infection and IR quantitative indexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized literature search in PubMed electronic databases and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed. RESULTS Nine studies reporting data on 2120 participants were finally eligible for this systematic review. Seven of them were cross-sectional studies and two were nonrandomized, open-label, controlled trials investigating the effect of H. pylori eradication on IR. Homeostatic model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used in all studies to quantify IR. There seems to be a trend toward a positive association between H. pylori infection and HOMA-IR, strengthened by regression analysis in one study. However, there was significant heterogeneity between studies regarding the method(s) of H. pylori infection diagnosis based on and the study populations. The studies for the effect of H. pylori eradication on HOMA-IR revealed conflicting results. CONCLUSIONS Although data seem to indicate a potential association between H. pylori infection and IR, further studies are needed to strengthen this association and to clarify whether there is a causative link between them. If a causal link is confirmed in the future, this may have a major impact on the pathophysiology and management of IR syndrome, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- Second Medical Clinic, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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Toltl LJ, Arnold DM. Pathophysiology and management of chronic immune thrombocytopenia: focusing on what matters. Br J Haematol 2010; 152:52-60. [PMID: 21083652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by low platelet counts and an increased risk of bleeding. Antibody-mediated platelet destruction has been the prevailing hypothesis to explain ITP pathogenesis, supported by the efficacy of B-cell depletion therapy; however, the recent success of thrombopoietin receptor agonists lends support to the notion that platelet production is also insufficient. Best practice for the management of chronic ITP has not yet been established because data from comparative trials are lacking. Despite renewed interest in novel drugs capable of increasing platelet counts, ultimate treatment goals for ITP patients must be kept in mind: to improve patients' health and well-being. In this article, the pathophysiology of ITP is reviewed and key remaining questions about mechanism are explored. A rational approach to the management of ITP in adults is outlined, acknowledging evidence and evidence gaps, and highlighting the need for clinically important endpoints in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Toltl
- Department of Medicine, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University Canadian Blood Services, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, the meticulous study by Yeh and colleagues offers new insight into the mechanism of “immune” TP associated with H pylori infection.
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