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Raucci F, Vernieri C, Di Tano M, Ligorio F, Blaževitš O, Lazzeri S, Shmahala A, Fragale G, Salvadori G, Varano G, Casola S, Buono R, Visco E, de Braud F, Longo VD. Cyclic Fasting-Mimicking Diet Plus Bortezomib and Rituximab Is an Effective Treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1133-1148. [PMID: 38241703 PMCID: PMC10982641 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) is an experimental nutritional intervention with potent antitumor activity in preclinical models of solid malignancies. FMD cycles are also safe and active metabolically and immunologically in cancer patients. Here, we reported on the outcome of FMD cycles in two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and investigated the effects of fasting and FMD cycles in preclinical CLL models. Fasting-mimicking conditions in murine CLL models had mild cytotoxic effects, which resulted in apoptosis activation mediated in part by lowered insulin and IGF1 concentrations. In CLL cells, fasting conditions promoted an increase in proteasome activity that served as a starvation escape pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of this escape mechanism with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib resulted in a strong enhancement of the proapoptotic effects of starvation conditions in vitro. In mouse CLL models, combining cyclic fasting/FMD with bortezomib and rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, delayed CLL progression and resulted in significant prolongation of mouse survival. Overall, the effect of proteasome inhibition in combination with FMD cycles in promoting CLL death supports the targeting of starvation escape pathways as an effective treatment strategy that should be tested in clinical trials. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells resist fasting-mimicking diet by inducing proteasome activation to escape starvation, which can be targeted using proteasome inhibition by bortezomib treatment to impede leukemia progression and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Raucci
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maira Di Tano
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Ligorio
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Blaževitš
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuel Lazzeri
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Fragale
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Salvadori
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Varano
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Buono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Euplio Visco
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter D. Longo
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Zhao Q, Huang S, Yang L, Chen T, Qiu X, Huang R, Dong L, Liu W. Biomarkers and coptis chinensis activity for rituximab-resistant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Combination of bioinformatics analysis, network pharmacology and molecular docking. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:2091-2105. [PMID: 38517810 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rituximab resistance is one of the great challenges in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but relevant biomarkers and signalling pathways remain to be identified. Coptis chinensis and its active ingredients have antitumour effects; thus, the potential bioactive compounds and mechanisms through which Coptis chinensis acts against rituximab-resistant DLBCL are worth exploring. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the core genes involved in rituximab-resistant DLBCL and the potential therapeutic targets of candidate monomers of Coptis chinensis. METHODS Using the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), the Similarity Ensemble Approach and Swiss Target Prediction, the main ingredients and pharmacological targets of Coptis chinensis were identified through database searches. Through the overlap between the pharmacological targets of Coptis chinensis and the core targets of rituximab-resistant DLBCL, we identified the targets of Coptis chinensis against rituximab-resistant DLBCL and constructed an active compound-target interaction network. The targets and their corresponding active ingredients of Coptis chinensis against rituximab-resistant DLBCL were molecularly docked. RESULTS Berberine, quercetin, epiberberine and palmatine, the active components of Coptis chinensis, have great potential for improving rituximab-resistant DLBCL via PIK3CG. CONCLUSION This study revealed biomarkers and Coptis chinensis-associated molecular functions for rituximab-resistant DLBCL.
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Suzuki K, Yano S. IMiD-Free Interval and IMiDs Sequence: Which Strategy Is Better Suited for Lenalidomide-Refractory Myeloma? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2229. [PMID: 38004369 PMCID: PMC10672235 DOI: 10.3390/life13112229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses immunomodulatory drug (IMiDs) sequencing and IMiD-free interval strategies for lenalidomide-refractory myeloma. IMiDs and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) improve clinical outcomes in patients with myeloma; however, refractoriness to lenalidomide, a category of IMiD, predicts poor outcomes. Next-generation IMiDs, such as pomalidomide, are effective even for lenalidomide-refractory myeloma. Therefore, an IMiD-sequencing strategy from lenalidomide to pomalidomide would be desirable. PIs are an antimyeloma therapeutic agent with another mode of action that might restore cereblon, a target of IMiDs; therefore, an IMiD-free interval via class switching from lenalidomide to PIs may be a promising alternative for lenalidomide-refractory myeloma. Additionally, the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody is a key drug for salvage therapy in anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody-naïve patients. In clinical practice, safety profiles and social convenience can play important roles in the choice of combination therapy. In the future, the selection of optimal treatments should be based on the status of the immunological environment and genetic alterations. This review aims to discuss IMiDs sequencing and IMiD-free interval strategies for lenalidomide- refractory myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
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Sul OJ, Choi HW, Oh J, Ra SW. GSPE attenuates CSE-induced lung inflammation and emphysema by regulating autophagy via the reactive oxygen species/TFEB signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113795. [PMID: 37116776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke can enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in inflammatory and epithelial cells. Subsequently, ROS enhance autophagy-induced inflammation due to alveolar macrophages (AMs), the primary source of cytokines implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), an effective antioxidant, could inhibit emphysema and airway inflammation by ameliorating cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced autophagy via suppressing oxidative stress in macrophages. We observed that GSPE significantly attenuated histological changes observed in CSE-induced emphysema and airway inflammation in the lungs of mice. Moreover, GSPE ameliorated lung inflammation by reducing the number of cells, macrophages, and neutrophils and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels measured in bronchioloalveolar lavage fluid. ROS levels increased after CSE instillation and significantly decreased with in vitro GSPE treatment. GSPE decreased transcription factor EB (TFEB) oxidation by reducing ROS, inhibiting TFEB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, GSPE inhibited ROS-induced autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and AMs. Inhibiting autophagy through GSPE treatment diminishes CSE-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study demonstrates that GSPE can ameliorate CSE-induced inflammation and emphysema via autophagy-induced NLRP3 inflammasome regulation through the ROS/TFEB signaling pathway in a COPD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Joo Sul
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Choi
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimi Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Ra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
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Blincoe A, Labrosse R, Abraham RS. Acquired B-cell deficiency secondary to B-cell-depleting therapies. J Immunol Methods 2022; 511:113385. [PMID: 36372267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The advantage of the newer biological therapies is that the immunosuppressive effect is targeted, in contrast, to the standard, traditional immunomodulatory agents, which have a more global effect. However, there are unintended targets and consequences, even to these "precise" therapeutics, leading to acquired or secondary immunodeficiencies. Besides depleting specific cellular immune subsets, these biological agents, which include monoclonal antibodies against biologically relevant molecules, often have broader functional immune consequences, which become apparent over time. This review focuses on acquired B-cell immunodeficiency, secondary to the use of B-cell depleting therapeutic agents. Among the many adverse consequences of B-cell depletion is the risk of hypogammaglobulinemia, failure of B-cell recovery, impaired B-cell differentiation, and risk of infections. Factors, which modulate the outcomes of B-cell depleting therapies, include the intrinsic nature of the underlying disease, the concomitant use of other immunomodulatory agents, and the clinical status of the patient and other co-existing morbidities. This article seeks to explore the mechanism of action of B-cell depleting agents, the clinical utility and adverse effects of these therapies, and the relevance of systematic and serial laboratory immune monitoring in identifying patients at risk for developing immunological complications, and who may benefit from early intervention to mitigate the secondary consequences. Though these biological drugs are gaining widespread use, a harmonized approach to immune evaluation pre-and post-treatment has not yet gained traction across multiple clinical specialties, because of which, the true prevalence of these adverse events cannot be determined in the treated population, and a systematic and evidence-based dosing schedule cannot be developed. The aim of this review is to bring these issues into focus, and initiate a multi-specialty, data-driven approach to immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliesse Blincoe
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Allergy, Starship Child Health, Auckland, NZ, New Zealand
| | - Roxane Labrosse
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Li G, Park JN, Park HJ, Suh JH, Choi HS. High Cholesterol-Induced Bone Loss Is Attenuated by Arctiin via an Action in Osteoclasts. Nutrients 2022; 14:4483. [PMID: 36364745 PMCID: PMC9657919 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High cholesterol-induced bone loss is highly associated with oxidative stress, which leads to the generation of oxysterols, such as 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC). Here, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to determine whether arctiin prevents high cholesterol diet-induced bone loss by decreasing oxidative stress. First, arctiin was orally administered to atherogenic diet (AD)-fed C57BL/6J male mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 6 weeks. Micro-computerized tomography (μCT) analysis showed that arctiin attenuated AD-induced boss loss. For our in vitro experiments, the anti-oxidant effects of arctiin were evaluated in 7-KC-stimulated osteoclasts (OCs). Arctiin decreased the number and activity of OCs and inhibited autophagy by disrupting the nuclear localization of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and downregulating the oxidized TFEB signaling pathway in OCs upon 7-KC stimulation. Furthermore, arctiin decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), all of which affected OC differentiation. Conversely, silencing of Nrf2 or HO-1/catalase attenuated the effects of arctiin on OCs. Collectively, our findings suggested that arctiin attenuates 7-KC-induced osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression of ROS scavenging genes in the Nrf2/HO-1/catalase signaling pathway, thereby decreasing OC autophagy. Moreover, arctiin inhibits the oxidation and nuclear localization of TFEB, thus protecting mice from AD-induced bone loss. Our findings thus demonstrate the therapeutic potential of arctiin for the prevention of cholesterol-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoen Li
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Jung-Nam Park
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Suh
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44030, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
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7
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Doxorubicin Induces Bone Loss by Increasing Autophagy through a Mitochondrial ROS/TRPML1/TFEB Axis in Osteoclasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081476. [PMID: 36009195 PMCID: PMC9404930 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, has been linked to an increased risk of bone damage in human patients and induces bone loss in mice. DOX induces autophagy, which contributes to bone homeostasis and excess autophagy in osteoclasts (OCs), resulting in bone loss. We hypothesized that DOX-induced bone loss is caused by the induction of autophagy in OCs. In vitro, DOX significantly increased the area of OCs and bone resorption activity, whereas it decreased OC number through apoptosis. DOX enhanced the level of LC3II and acidic vesicular organelles-containing cells in OCs, whereas an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), reversed these, indicating that enhanced autophagy was responsible for the effects of DOX. Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) by DOX oxidized transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) on the lysosomal membrane, which led to nuclear localization of transcription factor EB (TFEB), an autophagy-inducing transcription factor. In vivo, micro-computerized tomography analysis revealed that the injection of 3-MA reversed DOX-induced bone loss, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining showed that 3-MA reduced the area of OCs on the bone surface, which was enhanced upon DOX administration. Collectively, DOX-induced bone loss is at least partly attributable to autophagy upregulation in OCs via an mROS/TRPML1/TFEB axis.
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Kusowska A, Kubacz M, Krawczyk M, Slusarczyk A, Winiarska M, Bobrowicz M. Molecular Aspects of Resistance to Immunotherapies-Advances in Understanding and Management of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031501. [PMID: 35163421 PMCID: PMC8835809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the unquestionable success achieved by rituximab-based regimens in the management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the high incidence of relapsed/refractory disease still remains a challenge. The widespread clinical use of chemo-immunotherapy demonstrated that it invariably leads to the induction of resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Rituximab-mediated therapeutic effect primarily relies on complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and their outcome is often compromised following the development of resistance. Factors involved include inherent genetic characteristics and rituximab-induced changes in effectors cells, the role of ligand/receptor interactions between target and effector cells, and the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on summarizing the emerging advances in the understanding of the molecular basis responsible for the resistance induced by various forms of immunotherapy used in DLBCL. We outline available models of resistance and delineate solutions that may improve the efficacy of standard therapeutic protocols, which might be essential for the rational design of novel therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kusowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matylda Kubacz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Slusarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Sul OJ, Li G, Kim JE, Kim ES, Choi HS. 7-ketocholesterol enhances autophagy via the ROS-TFEB signaling pathway in osteoclasts. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108783. [PMID: 34023424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols play a critical role in human health and diseases associated with high cholesterol and oxidative stress. Given that a positive correlation was observed between cholesterol and collagen type 1 fragment (CTX-1) or serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) in humans, we hypothesized that oxidized cholesterol metabolites may participate in cholesterol-induced bone loss. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the metabolite responsible for cholesterol-associated bone loss and evaluate its effect on osteoclasts (OCs) leading to bone loss. An atherogenic diet in mice increased the levels of the oxysterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) in bone, as well as serum ROS. 7-KC increased the number and activity of OCs by enhancing autophagy via the ROS-transcription factor EB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that 7-KC acts as a cholesterol metabolite and is at least partially responsible for cholesterol-induced bone loss by inducing autophagy in OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Joo Sul
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Guoen Li
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Kim
- Department of Endocrinology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea.
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Jiang D, Mo Q, Sun X, Wang X, Dong M, Zhang G, Chen F, Zhao Q. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4-mediated metabolic reprogramming is involved in rituximab resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by affecting the expression of MS4A1/CD20. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3585-3597. [PMID: 34252986 PMCID: PMC8409406 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) heterogeneity promotes recurrence and anti‐CD20‐based therapeutic resistance. Previous studies have shown that downregulation of MS4A1/CD20 expression after chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab leads to rituximab resistance. However, the mechanisms of CD20 loss remain unknown. We identified that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is markedly elevated in DLBCL cells derived from both patients and cell lines with R‐CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) resistance. We found that overexpression of PDK4 in DLBCL cells resulted in cell proliferation and resistance to rituximab in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, loss of PDK4 expression or treatment with the PDK4 inhibitor dichloroacetate was able to significantly increase rituximab‐induced cell apoptosis in DLBCL cells. Further studies suggested PDK4 mediates a metabolic shift, in that the main energy source was changed from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, and the metabolic changes could play an important role in rituximab resistance. Importantly, by knocking down or overexpressing PDK4 in DLBCL cells, we showed that PDK4 has a negative regulation effect on MS4A1/CD20 expression. Collectively, this is the first study showing that targeting PDK4 has the potential to overcome rituximab resistance in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanfeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiuyu Mo
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Zou L, Song G, Gu S, Kong L, Sun S, Yang L, Cho WC. Mechanism and Treatment of Rituximab Resistance in Diffuse Large Bcell Lymphoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:681-687. [PMID: 31142246 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190126125251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype B non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. After rituximab being introduced to treat DLBCL, the current first-line treatment is R-CHOP regimen. This regimen greatly improves patient's prognosis, however, relapsed or refractory cases are commonly seen, mainly due to the resistance to rituximab. Although a large number of experiments have been conducted to investigate rituximab resistance, the exac mechanisms and solutions are still unclear. This review mainly explores the possible mechanisms oft rituximab resistance and current new effective treatments for rituximab resistance in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Zou
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Siyu Gu
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lingling Kong
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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12
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Azizian NG, Liu Y, Pham LV, Li Y. Rational targeted therapeutics for double-hit lymphoma. Int J Hematol Oncol 2019; 8:IJH19. [PMID: 31850145 PMCID: PMC6912852 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
“Double-hit lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 translocations can be effectively treated by combined targeting of the driver oncogenes”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy G Azizian
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuanhui Liu
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lan V Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulin Li
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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13
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Zhang JY, Zhang PP, Zhou WP, Yu JY, Yao ZH, Chu JF, Yao SN, Wang C, Lone W, Xia QX, Ma J, Yang SJ, Liu KD, Dong ZG, Guo YJ, Smith LM, McKeithan TW, Chan WC, Iqbal J, Liu YY. L-Type Cav 1.2 Calcium Channel-α-1C Regulates Response to Rituximab in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4168-4178. [PMID: 30824586 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One third of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) succumb to the disease partly due to rituximab resistance. Rituximab-induced calcium flux is an important inducer of apoptotic cell death, and we investigated the potential role of calcium channels in rituximab resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The distinctive expression of calcium channel members was compared between patients sensitive and resistant to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone (RCHOP) regimen. The observation was further validated through mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. RESULTS A significant inverse correlation was observed between CACNA1C expression and RCHOP resistance in two independent DLBCL cohorts, and CACNA1C expression was an independent prognostic factor for RCHOP resistance after adjusting for International Prognostic Index, cell-of-origin classification, and MYC/BCL2 double expression. Loss of CACNA1C expression reduced rituximab-induced apoptosis and tumor shrinkage. We further demonstrated direct interaction of CACNA1C with CD20 and its role in CD20 stabilization. Functional modulators of L-type calcium channel showed expected alteration in rituximab-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CACNA1C expression was directly regulated by miR-363 whose high expression is associated with worse prognosis in DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS We identified the role of CACNA1C in rituximab resistance, and modulating its expression or activity may alter rituximab sensitivity in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Zhi-Hua Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Feng Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Na Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Waseem Lone
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Qing-Xin Xia
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Jun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kang-Dong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Gang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Jun Guo
- Department of Molecule and Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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14
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Sul OJ, Sung YB, Rajasekaran M, Ke K, Yu R, Back SH, Choi HS. MicroRNA-155 induces autophagy in osteoclasts by targeting transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1-binding protein 2 upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Bone 2018; 116:279-289. [PMID: 30144578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy pathway has been suggested to influence skeletal structure by modulating bone metabolism. Recent findings suggest that microRNAs (miR) play a critical role in autophagy. We hypothesized that inflammation induces miR-155, which enhances autophagy in osteoclasts (OC), leading to inflammatory bone loss. The expression of miR-155 was elevated in tibiae from LPS-injected mice and in OC stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with vehicle treatment. Overexpression of miR-155 enhanced autophagy as well as differentiation in OC, whereas inhibition of endogenous miR-155 decreased both. Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1-binding protein 2 (TAB2) was identified as a target gene of miR-155 via binding to the 3'-UTR of TAB2, which directly interacts with BECLIN1. BECLIN1 was dissociated from TAB2, which started to associate with TAK1 when autophagy was induced. Our data demonstrate that LPS-induced miR-155 promoted autophagy to increase OC formation via decreased TAB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Joo Sul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Bin Sung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Monisha Rajasekaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ke Ke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Back
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Repetto-Llamazares AHV, Malenge MM, O'Shea A, Eiríksdóttir B, Stokke T, Larsen RH, Dahle J. Combination of177Lu-lilotomab with rituximab significantly improves the therapeutic outcome in preclinical models of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:522-531. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion M. Malenge
- Nordic Nanovector ASA; Oslo Norway
- Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | | | | | - Trond Stokke
- Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
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16
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Abstract
After initial concerns regarding the association of statins with increased incidences of cancer and elevated cancer-related mortality, there are now plenty of data on the antitumor, cytostatic and cytotoxic effectiveness of this class of drugs. Here, we present a short review of possible mechanisms of antineoplastic activity obtained from preclinical research and the influence of statins on cancer treatment. In the second part of the article, we focus on the most recent data from observational clinical trials, as well as meta-analyses regarding cancer incidence and mortality in patients treated with statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Zaleska
- Department of Cardiology & Hypertension, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior & Administration, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Mozenska
- Department of Cardiology & Hypertension, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior & Administration, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Bil
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior & Administration, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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4-Phenylbutyric acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss by modulating autophagy in osteoclasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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HDAC6 inhibition upregulates CD20 levels and increases the efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Blood 2017; 130:1628-1638. [PMID: 28830887 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-736066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of CD20, a molecular target for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is a clinical problem leading to decreased efficacy of anti-CD20-based therapeutic regimens. The epigenetic modulation of CD20 coding gene (MS4A1) has been proposed as a mechanism for the reduced therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD20 antibodies and confirmed with nonselective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Because the use of pan-HDACis is associated with substantial adverse effects, the identification of particular HDAC isoforms involved in CD20 regulation seems to be of paramount importance. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the role of HDAC6 in the regulation of CD20 levels. We show that inhibition of HDAC6 activity significantly increases CD20 levels in established B-cell tumor cell lines and primary malignant cells. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we confirm that HDAC6 inhibition augments in vitro efficacy of anti-CD20 mAbs and improves survival of mice treated with rituximab. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that HDAC6 influences synthesis of CD20 protein independently of the regulation of MS4A1 transcription. We further demonstrate that translation of CD20 mRNA is significantly enhanced after HDAC6 inhibition, as shown by the increase of CD20 mRNA within the polysomal fraction, indicating a new role of HDAC6 in the posttranscriptional mechanism of CD20 regulation. Collectively, our findings suggest HDAC6 inhibition is a rational therapeutic strategy to be implemented in combination therapies with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and open up novel avenues for the clinical use of HDAC6 inhibitors.
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19
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Bortezomib induces neuropathic pain through protein kinase C-mediated activation of presynaptic NMDA receptors in the spinal cord. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:477-487. [PMID: 28663117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs, including bortezomib, often cause painful peripheral neuropathy, which is a severe dose-limiting adverse effect experienced by many cancer patients. The glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at the spinal cord level are critically involved in the synaptic plasticity associated with neuropathic pain. In this study, we determined whether treatment with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, affects the NMDAR activity of spinal dorsal horn neurons. Systemic treatment with bortezomib in rats did not significantly affect postsynaptic NMDAR currents elicited by puff application of NMDA directly to dorsal horn neurons. Bortezomib treatment markedly increased the baseline frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which was completely normalized by the NMDAR antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5). AP5 also reduced the amplitude of monosynaptic EPSCs evoked by dorsal root stimulation in bortezomib-treated, but not vehicle-treated, rats. Furthermore, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with chelerythrine fully reversed the increased frequency of miniature EPSCs and the amplitude of evoked EPSCs in bortezomib-treated rats. Intrathecal injection of AP5 and chelerythrine both profoundly attenuated mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by systemic treatment with bortezomib. In addition, treatment with bortezomib induced striking membrane translocation of PKC-βII, PKC-δ, and PKC-ε in the dorsal root ganglion. Our findings indicate that bortezomib treatment potentiates nociceptive input from primary afferent nerves via PKC-mediated tonic activation of presynaptic NMDARs. Targeting presynaptic NMDARs and PKC at the spinal cord level may be an effective strategy for treating chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
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20
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Tomita A. Genetic and Epigenetic Modulation of CD20 Expression in B-Cell Malignancies: Molecular Mechanisms and Significance to Rituximab Resistance. J Clin Exp Hematop 2017; 56:89-99. [PMID: 27980307 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.56.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD20 is a differentiation related cell surface phosphoprotein that is expressed during early pre-B cell stages until plasma cell differentiation, and is a suitable molecular target for B-cell malignancies by monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab and others. CD20 expression is confirmed in most B-cell malignancies; however, the protein expression level varies in each patient, even in de novo tumors, and down-modulation of CD20 expression after chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab, resulting in rituximab resistance, has been recognized in the clinical setting. Recent reports suggest that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are correlated with aberrantly low CD20 expression in de novo tumors and relapsed/refractory disease after using rituximab. Furthermore, some targeting drugs, such as lenalidomide, bortezomib and ibrutinib, directly or indirectly affect CD20 protein expression. CD20-negative phenotypically-changed DLBCL after rituximab use tends to show an aggressive clinical course and poor outcome with resistance to not only rituximab, but also conventional salvage chemo-regimens. Understanding of the mechanisms of CD20-negative phenotype may contribute to establish strategies for overcoming chemo-refractory B-cell malignancies. In this manuscript, recent progress of research on molecular and clinical features of CD20 protein and CD20-negative B-cell malignancies was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tomita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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21
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Emruli VK, Olsson R, Ek F, Ek S. Identification of V-ATPase as a molecular sensor of SOX11-levels and potential therapeutic target for mantle cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:493. [PMID: 27430213 PMCID: PMC4949756 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive disease with short median survival. Molecularly, MCL is defined by the t(11;14) translocation leading to overexpression of the CCND1 gene. However, recent data show that the neural transcription factor SOX11 is a disease defining antigen and several involved signaling pathways have been pin-pointed, among others the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that is of importance for proliferation in MCL. Therefore, we evaluated a compound library focused on the Wnt pathway with the aim of identifying Wnt-related targets that regulate growth and survival in MCL, with particular focus on SOX11-dependent growth regulation. Methods An inducible SOX11 knock-down system was used to functionally screen a library of compounds (n = 75) targeting the Wnt signaling pathway. A functionally interesting target, vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), was further evaluated by western blot, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Results We show that 15 out of 75 compounds targeting the Wnt pathway reduce proliferation in all three MCL cell lines tested. Furthermore, three substances targeting two different targets (V-ATPase and Dkk1) showed SOX11-dependent activity. Further validation analyses were focused on V-ATPase and showed that two independent V-ATPase inhibitors (bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A) are sensitive to SOX11 levels, causing reduced anti-proliferative response in SOX11 low cells. We further show, using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry, that V-ATPase is mainly localized to the plasma membrane in primary and MCL cell lines. Conclusions We show that SOX11 status affect V-ATPase dependent pathways, and thus may be involved in regulating pH in intracellular and extracellular compartments. The plasma membrane localization of V-ATPase indicates that pH regulation of the immediate extracellular compartment may be of importance for receptor functionality and potentially invasiveness in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2550-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Kuci Emruli
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 8, 223 87, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ek
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 8, 223 87, Lund, Sweden.
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22
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Hayashi K, Nagasaki E, Kan S, Ito M, Kamata Y, Homma S, Aiba K. Gemcitabine enhances rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity to B cell lymphoma by CD20 upregulation. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:682-9. [PMID: 26920337 PMCID: PMC4970836 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to CD20, has significantly improved the prognosis for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), one-third of DLBCL patients demonstrate resistance to rituximab or relapse after rituximab treatment. Thus, a novel approach to rituximab-based treatment is likely to be required to improve the efficacy of DLBCL treatment. As complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is a key mechanism mediating rituximab's tumoricidal activity, rituximab binding to CD20 on tumor cells is a critical factor for effective rituximab-based treatments against DLBCL. We found that gemcitabine (GEM), but not lenalidomide (LEN) or azacitidine (AZA), can upregulate CD20 expression in TK and KML-1 cells, two human DLBCL cell lines. Treatment of TK and KML-1 cells with GEM enhanced CD20 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. CD20 upregulation by GEM treatment was accompanied by increased rituximab binding to CD20. In TK cells, GEM treatment synergistically increased rituximab-mediated CDC activity in a dose-dependent manner. In KML cells, GEM treatment also induced upregulation of complement regulatory proteins, possibly leading to resistance to CDC. Treatment with LEN, a drug that did not upregulate CD20, did not enhance rituximab-mediated CDC activity. GEM treatment activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling in these cells. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor to NF-kB suppressed GEM-induced CD20 upregulation, indicating that GEM-induced NF-kB activation is closely associated with CD20 upregulation. These results suggest that when used in combination, GEM might enhance the antitumor efficacy of rituximab against DLBCL due to its unique ability to upregulate CD20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Hayashi
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijiro Nagasaki
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kan
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamata
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadamu Homma
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aiba
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Singh V, Gupta D, Almasan A. Development of Novel Anti-Cd20 Monoclonal Antibodies and Modulation in Cd20 Levels on Cell Surface: Looking to Improve Immunotherapy Response. JOURNAL OF CANCER SCIENCE & THERAPY 2015; 7:347-358. [PMID: 27413424 PMCID: PMC4939752 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab has been revolutionized and validated CD20 targeting monoclonal antibody. Although, it is widely used for lymphoma therapy and many patients have been benefited. However significant numbers of patients are refractory or developed resistance to current therapies due to low level of CD20 expression and/or availability on cells surface. Thus development of novel anti-CD20 mAbs with great cell killing ability and enhance CD20 levels on cell surface can potentially exploit lymphoma therapy. In this scenario, we are summarizing the recently developed mAbs against CD20 and compounds that have ability to induce CD20 expression at significant level. We also are providing information regarding combination strategy for use of radiation and anti-CD20 mAbs in vitro. However, it will need to be determined by rigorous at pre-clinical and clinic testing. We hope this review will be beneficial for current research in the area of immunotherapy or radio-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Metabolic Cell Signaling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Damodar Gupta
- Metabolic Cell Signaling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Alexandru Almasan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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24
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Doubek M, Šmída M. Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with monoclonal antibodies, where are we heading? Expert Rev Hematol 2015; 8:743-64. [PMID: 26306923 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2015.1079123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in the western world and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are important part of CLL treatment. The goal of this article was to summarize current literature on the position of mAbs in CLL treatment and to mention factors influencing effectiveness of mAbs in CLL. Several new mAbs have been developed and investigated in CLL over the past few years. Mainly anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are still used routinely in CLL therapy. Unfortunately, the clinical application of mAbs needs to be further improved. Novel combinations and sequences of mAbs with other compounds need to be studied in clinical trials in order to increase overall response rate and prolong remission duration. Mechanisms of action of mAbs or mechanisms of resistance to mAbs have to be also investigated to predict effectiveness of mAb in particular patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doubek
- a 1 Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic.,b 2 Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šmída
- b 2 Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Winiarska M, Bojarczuk K, Pyrzynska B, Bil J, Siernicka M, Dwojak M, Bobrowicz M, Miazek N, Zapala P, Zagozdzon A, Krol M, Syta A, Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Pilch Z, Dabrowska-Iwanicka A, Juszczynski P, Efremov DG, Slabicki M, Zenz T, Le Roy A, Olive D, Rygiel TP, Leusen JHW, Golab J. Inhibitors of SRC kinases impair antitumor activity of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2014; 6:1300-13. [PMID: 25517315 PMCID: PMC4622538 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.32106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials with SRC family kinases (SFKs) inhibitors used alone or in a combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently underway in the treatment of B-cell tumors. However, molecular interactions between these therapeutics have not been studied so far. A transcriptional profiling of tumor cells incubated with SFKs inhibitors revealed strong downregulation of MS4A1 gene encoding CD20 antigen. In a panel of primary and established B-cell tumors we observed that SFKs inhibitors strongly affect CD20 expression at the transcriptional level, leading to inhibition of anti-CD20 mAbs binding and increased resistance of tumor cells to complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Activation of the AKT signaling pathway significantly protected cells from dasatinib-triggered CD20 downregulation. Additionally, SFKs inhibitors suppressed antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by direct inhibition of natural killer cells. Abrogation of antitumor activity of rituximab was also observed in vivo in a mouse model. Noteworthy, the effects of SFKs inhibitors on NK cell function are largely reversible. The results of our studies indicate that development of optimal combinations of novel treatment modalities with anti-CD20 mAbs should be preceded by detailed preclinical evaluation of their effects on target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Winiarska
- a Department of Immunology; Center for Biostructure Research ; Medical University of Warsaw ; Warsaw , Poland
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26
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Meshcheryakova A, Tamandl D, Bajna E, Stift J, Mittlboeck M, Svoboda M, Heiden D, Stremitzer S, Jensen-Jarolim E, Grünberger T, Bergmann M, Mechtcheriakova D. B cells and ectopic follicular structures: novel players in anti-tumor programming with prognostic power for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99008. [PMID: 24905750 PMCID: PMC4048213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkably limited information is available about biological mechanisms that determine the disease entity of metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver (CRCLM) with no good clinical parameters to estimate prognosis. For the last few years, understanding the relationship between tumor characteristics and local immune response has gained increasing attention. Given the multifaceted roles of B-cell-driven responses, we aimed to elucidate the immunological imprint of B lymphocytes at the metastatic site, the interrelation with macrophages, and their prognostic relevance. Here we present novel algorithm allowing to assess a link between the local patient-specific immunological capacity and clinical outcome. The microscopy-based imaging platform was used for automated scanning of large-scale tissue sections and subsequent qualitative and quantitative analyses of immune cell subtypes using lineage markers and single-cell recognition strategy. Results indicate massive infiltration of CD45-positive leukocytes confined to the metastatic border. We report for the first time the accumulation of CD20-positive B lymphocytes at the tumor – liver interface comprising the major population within the large CD45-positive aggregates. Strikingly, functionally active, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-positive ectopic lymphoid structures were found to be assembled within the metastatic margin. Furthermore, the CD20-based data set revealed a strong prognostic power: patients with high CD20 content and/or ectopic follicles had significantly lower risk for disease recurrence as revealed by univariate analysis (p<0.001 for both) and in models adjusted for clinicopathological variables (p<0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively), and showed prolonged overall survival. In contrast, CD68 staining-derived data set did not show an association with clinical outcome. Taken together, we nominate the magnitude of B lymphocytes, including those organized in ectopic follicles, as novel prognostic marker which is superior to clinicopathological parameters. Findings emphasize anti-tumoral role of B cell-driven mechanism(s) and thus indicate a new way of thinking about potential treatment strategies for CRCLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Meshcheryakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Tamandl
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (DT); (DM)
| | - Erika Bajna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Stift
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Mittlboeck
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Svoboda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Heiden
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Stremitzer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the Medical University of Vienna, Veterinary University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Grünberger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (DT); (DM)
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Vinayek N, Sharma V. A combination of bortezomib and rituximab yields a dramatic response in a woman with highly refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:19. [PMID: 24428822 PMCID: PMC3917596 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura can be a challenging condition to treat. By definition, the standard first and second line treatments have failed in these patients and modalities such as thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents and more intensive immunosuppressive drugs are therefore used. However, there still remains a subset of patients who continue to be refractory to treatment. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 30-year-old Hispanic woman with recurrent intracranial bleeds, in whom multiple lines of treatment had failed. She was treated with a combination of bortezomib and rituximab based on previously published data that suggested this therapy effectively blocks all antibody-producing cells. Our patient's platelet counts rapidly improved and subsequently normalized following this treatment. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report of the effective use of bortezomib and rituximab in highly refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura. We believe further study of this therapy is warranted in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Vinayek
- University of Louisville, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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28
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Fan J, Zeng X, Li Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Sun Y, Gao H, Zhang G, Feng M, Ju D. Autophagy plays a critical role in ChLym-1-induced cytotoxicity of non-hodgkin's lymphoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72478. [PMID: 24015249 PMCID: PMC3756084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical mechanism in both cancer therapy resistance and tumor suppression. Monoclonal antibodies have been documented to kill tumor cells via apoptosis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In this study, we report for the first time that chLym-1, a chimeric anti-human HLA-DR monoclonal antibody, induces autophagy in Raji Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) cells. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors (3-methyladenine and NH4Cl) or genetic approaches (siRNA targeting Atg5) suppresses chLym-1-induced growth inhibition, apoptosis, ADCC and CDC in Raji cells, while induction of autophagy could accelerate cytotoxic effects of chLym-1 on Raji cells. Furthermore, chLym-1-induced autophagy can mediate apoptosis through Caspase 9 activation, demonstrating the tumor-suppressing role of autophagy in antilymphoma effects of chLym-1. Moreover, chLym-1 can activate several upstream signaling pathways of autophagy including Akt/mTOR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). These results elucidate the critical role of autophagy in cytotoxicity of chLym-1 antibody and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy of NHL therapy by monoclonal antibody chLym-1 in combination with autophagy inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (DJ); (MF)
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biosynthesis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (DJ); (MF)
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29
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Gu JJ, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Kaufman GP, Czuczman NM, Mavis C, Skitzki JJ, Czuczman MS. The novel proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and potentiates the anti-tumour activity of chemotherapy in rituximab-resistant lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:657-69. [PMID: 23826755 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the proteasome system with bortezomib (BTZ) results in anti-tumour activity and potentiates the effects of chemotherapy/biological agents in multiple myeloma and B-cell lymphoma. Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a more selective proteasome inhibitor that is structurally distinct from BTZ. In an attempt to characterize its biological activity, we evaluated CFZ in several lymphoma pre-clinical models. Rituximab-sensitive cell lines (RSCL), rituximab-resistant cell lines (RRCL), and primary tumour cells derived from B-cell lymphoma patients were exposed to CFZ or BTZ. Cell viability and changes in cell cycle were determined. Western blots were performed to detect PARP-cleavage and/or changes in Bcl-2 (BCL2) family members. CFZ was 10 times more active than BTZ and exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. CFZ exposure induced apoptosis by upregulation of Bak (BAK1) and subsequent PARP cleavage in RSCL and RRCL; it was also partially caspase-dependent. CFZ induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in RSCL. CFZ demonstrated the ability to overcome resistance to chemotherapy in RRCL and potentiated the anti-tumour activity of chemotherapy agents. Our data suggest that CFZ is able to overcome resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, upregulate pro-apoptotic proteins to promote apoptosis, and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in lymphoma cells. Our pre-clinical data supports future clinical evaluation of CFZ in B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Gu
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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30
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Kempin S. Update on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Overview of New Agents and Comparative Analysis. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2013; 14:144-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-013-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Wang K, Jiang Y, Zheng W, Liu Z, Li H, Lou J, Gu M, Wang X. Silencing of human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 enhances rituximab-induced death and chemosensitization in B-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56829. [PMID: 23451095 PMCID: PMC3581549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is the first line drug to treat non Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) alone or in combination with chemotherapy. However, 30-40% of B-NHL patients are unresponsive to rituximab or resistant after therapy. Human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (hPEBP4) is a novel member of PEBP family and functions as an anti-apoptotic molecule. In this study, we found hPEBP4 to be expressed in up to 90% of B-cell lymphoma patients, but in only 16.7% of normal lymph nodes. Interestingly, hPEBP4 overexpression inhibited rituximab-mediated complement dependent cytotoxicity (R-CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in B-NHL cells while downregulation of hPEBP4 augmented the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, hPEBP4 silencing sensitized the primary B-acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) cells to R-CDC. During rituximab-mediated complement dependent cytotoxicity, hPEBP4 was recruited to the cell membrane in a PE-binding domain dependent manner and inhibited R-CDC induced calcium flux and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These events contributed to the decrease of cell death induced by R-CDC in B-cell lymphomas. Meanwhile, hPEBP4 knockdown potentiated the chemosensitization of the rituximab in B-cell lymphoma cells by regulating the expression of Bcl-xl, Cycline E, p21(waf/cip1) and p53 and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Considering that hPEBP4 conferred cellular resistance to rituximab treatment and was preferentially expressed in lymphoma tissue, it could be a potential valuable target for adjuvant therapy for B-cell lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein/genetics
- Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Rituximab
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhou Lou
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meidi Gu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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32
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Verbrugge SE, Al M, Assaraf YG, Niewerth D, van Meerloo J, Cloos J, van der Veer M, Scheffer GL, Peters GJ, Chan ET, Anderl JL, Kirk CJ, Zweegman S, Dijkmans BA, Lems WF, Scheper RJ, de Gruijl TD, Jansen G. Overcoming bortezomib resistance in human B cells by anti-CD20/rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity and epoxyketone-based irreversible proteasome inhibitors. Exp Hematol Oncol 2013; 2:2. [PMID: 23305345 PMCID: PMC3560160 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical and experimental settings, antibody-based anti-CD20/rituximab and small molecule proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib (BTZ) treatment proved effective modalities for B cell depletion in lymphoproliferative disorders as well as autoimmune diseases. However, the chronic nature of these diseases requires either prolonged or re-treatment, often with acquired resistance as a consequence. Methods Here we studied the molecular basis of acquired resistance to BTZ in JY human B lymphoblastic cells following prolonged exposure to this drug and examined possibilities to overcome resistance by next generation PIs and anti-CD20/rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Results Characterization of BTZ-resistant JY/BTZ cells compared to parental JY/WT cells revealed the following features: (a) 10–12 fold resistance to BTZ associated with the acquisition of a mutation in the PSMB5 gene (encoding the constitutive β5 proteasome subunit) introducing an amino acid substitution (Met45Ile) in the BTZ-binding pocket, (b) a significant 2–4 fold increase in the mRNA and protein levels of the constitutive β5 proteasome subunit along with unaltered immunoproteasome expression, (c) full sensitivity to the irreversible epoxyketone-based PIs carfilzomib and (to a lesser extent) the immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX 0914. Finally, in association with impaired ubiquitination and attenuated breakdown of CD20, JY/BTZ cells harbored a net 3-fold increase in CD20 cell surface expression, which was functionally implicated in conferring a significantly increased anti-CD20/rituximab-mediated CDC. Conclusions These results demonstrate that acquired resistance to BTZ in B cells can be overcome by next generation PIs and by anti-CD20/rituximab-induced CDC, thereby paving the way for salvage therapy in BTZ-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ellen Verbrugge
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Engelberts PJ, Badoil C, Beurskens FJ, Boulay-Moine D, Grivel K, Parren PWHI, Moulard M. A quantitative flow cytometric assay for determining binding characteristics of chimeric, humanized and human antibodies in whole blood: proof of principle with rituximab and ofatumumab. J Immunol Methods 2012. [PMID: 23183273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinical successes of antibody-based drugs has led to extensive (pre-) clinical development of human(ized) monoclonal antibodies in a great number of diseases. The high specificity of targeted therapy with antibodies makes it ideally suited for personalized medicine approaches in which treatments needs are tailored to individual patients. One aspect of patient stratification pertains to the accurate determination of target occupancy and target expression to determine individual pharmacodynamic properties as well as the therapeutic window. The availability of reliable tools to measure target occupancy and expression on diseased and normal cells is therefore essential. Here, we evaluate a novel human antibody detection assay (Human-IgG Calibrator assay), which allows the flow cytometric quantification of therapeutic antibodies bound to the surface of cells circulating in whole blood. This assay not only permits the determination of the number of specific antibody bound per cell (sABC), but, when combined with quantification of exogenously added mouse antibody, also provides information on binding kinetics and antigen modulation. Our data indicate that the calibrator assay has all properties required for a pharmacodynamic tool to quantify target occupancy of chimeric, humanized and human therapeutic antibodies during therapy, as well as to collect valuable information on both antibody and antigen kinetics.
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Winiarska M, Nowis D, Bil J, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Muchowicz A, Wanczyk M, Bojarczuk K, Dwojak M, Firczuk M, Wilczek E, Wachowska M, Roszczenko K, Miaczynska M, Chlebowska J, Basak GW, Golab J. Prenyltransferases regulate CD20 protein levels and influence anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody-mediated activation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31983-93. [PMID: 22843692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.374751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are successfully used in the management of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We have reported previously that statins induce conformational changes in CD20 molecules and impair rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Here we investigated in more detail the influence of farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) on CD20 expression and antitumor activity of anti-CD20 mAbs. Among all FTIs studied, L-744,832 had the most significant influence on CD20 levels. It significantly increased rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity against primary tumor cells isolated from patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and increased CD20 expression in the majority of primary lymphoma/leukemia cells. Incubation of Raji cells with L-744,832 led to up-regulation of CD20 at mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that inhibition of farnesyltransferase activity was associated with increased binding of PU.1 and Oct-2 to the CD20 promoter sequences. These studies indicate that CD20 expression can be modulated by FTIs. The combination of FTIs with anti-CD20 mAbs is a promising therapeutic approach, and its efficacy should be examined in patients with B-cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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36
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Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4, which normally regulates stromal stem cell interactions in the bone marrow, is highly expressed on a variety of malignant hematologic cells, including lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemias. A new treatment concept has arisen wherein CXCR4 may be an effective therapeutic target as an adjunct to treatment of hematologic neoplasms with chemo- and immunotherapy. In the present study, we developed pepducins, cell-penetrating lipopeptide antagonists of CXCR4, to interdict CXCL12-CXCR4 transmembrane signaling to intracellular G-proteins. We demonstrate that pepducins targeting the first (i1) or third (i3) intracellular loops of CXCR4 completely abrogate CXCL12-mediated cell migration of lymphocytic leukemias and lymphomas. Stromal-cell coculture protects lymphoma cells from apoptosis in response to treatment with the CD20-targeted Ab rituximab. However, combination treatment with CXCR4 pepducins and rituximab significantly increases the apoptotic effect of rituximab. Furthermore, treatment of mice bearing disseminated lymphoma xenografts with pepducins alone or in combination with rituximab significantly increased their survival. These data demonstrate that CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling can be effectively inhibited by cell-penetrating pepducins, which represents a potential new treatment strategy for lymphoid malignancies.
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Abstract
Rituximab has become a ubiquitous component of treatment regimens for follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite widespread clinical use, the mechanisms by which tumor cells resist rituximab-mediated destruction remain unclear. Rituximab relies in part on immune effector mechanisms for its antitumor effect, and thus resistance may be mediated not only by intrinsic tumor-cell alterations but also by the host immunological environment. In this article, we explore the mechanisms of action of rituximab, the incidence of rituximab resistance, and potential mechanisms of resistance. Finally, we discuss novel approaches to modulate the antibody, the tumor cell, and the host immunologic environment to overcome rituximab resistance. Further research into the mechanisms of rituximab resistance will be essential to improving the efficacy of anti-CD20 therapy in NHL, and may also pay dividends in the optimization of monoclonal antibody therapy across a wide range of diseases.
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Rushworth SA, Bowles KM, MacEwan DJ. High basal nuclear levels of Nrf2 in acute myeloid leukemia reduces sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Res 2011; 71:1999-2009. [PMID: 21212410 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib exhibit clinical efficacy in multiple myeloma, but studies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been disappointing to date. The apparent failure in AML likely reflects a lack of biological understanding that might clarify applications of proteosome inhibitors in this disease. Here we show that AML cells are considerably less sensitive than control noncancerous cells to bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity, permitting most bortezomib-treated AML cells to survive treatment. We traced reduced bortezomib sensitivity to increased basal levels of nuclear Nrf2, a transcription factor that stimulates protective antioxidant enzymes. Bortezomib stimulates cytotoxicity through accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but elevated basal levels of nuclear Nrf2 present in AML cells reduced ROS levels, permitting AML cells to survive drug treatment. We further found that the Nrf2 transcriptional repressor Bach1 is rapidly inactivated by bortezomib, allowing rapid induction of Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective and detoxification genes that protect AML cells from bortezomib-induced apoptosis. By contrast, nonmalignant control cells lacked constitutive activation of Nrf2, such that bortezomib-mediated inactivation of Bach1 led to a delay in induction of Nrf2-regulated genes, effectively preventing the manifestation of apoptotic protection that is seen in AML cells. Together, our findings argue that AML might be rendered sensitive to proteasome inhibitors by cotreatment with either an Nrf2-inhibitory or Bach1-inhibitory treatment, rationalizing a targeted therapy against AML.
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