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Ferron E, David G, Willem C, Legrand N, Salameh P, Anquetil L, Walencik A, Gendzekhadze K, Gagne K, Retière C. Multifactorial determinants of NK cell repertoire organization: insights into age, sex, KIR genotype, HLA typing, and CMV influence. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389358. [PMID: 38736873 PMCID: PMC11082329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polymorphisms in the KIR and HLA genes contribute to the diversity of the NK cell repertoire. Extrinsic factors also play a role in modifying this repertoire. The best example is cytomegalovirus, which promotes the expansion of memory-like NK cells. However, the mechanisms governing this phenotypic structure are poorly understood. Furthermore, the influence of age and sex has been understudied. Methods In this study, we examined these parameters in a cohort of 200 healthy volunteer blood donors, focusing on the major inhibitory KIR receptors and CD94/NKG2A, as well as the differentiation marker CD57 and the memory-like population marker NKG2C. Flow cytometry and two joint analyses, unsupervised and semi-supervised, helped define the impact of various intrinsic and extrinsic markers on the phenotypic structure of the NK cell repertoire. Results In the KIR NK cell compartment, the KIR3DL1 gene is crucial, as unexpressed alleles lead to a repertoire dominated by KIR2D interacting only with HLA-C ligands, whereas an expressed KIR3DL1 gene allows for a greater diversity of NK cell subpopulations interacting with all HLA class I ligands. KIR2DL2 subsequently favors the KIR2D NK cell repertoire specific to C1/C2 ligands, whereas its absence promotes the expression of KIR2DL1 specific to the C2 ligand. The C2C2Bw4+ environment, marked by strong -21T motifs, favors the expansion of the NK cell population expressing only CD57, whereas the absence of HLA-A3/A11 ligands favors the population expressing only NKG2A, a population highly represented within the repertoire. The AA KIR genotype favors NK cell populations without KIR and NKG2A receptors, whereas the KIR B+ genotypes favor populations expressing KIR and NKG2A. Interestingly, we showed that women have a repertoire enriched in CD57- NK cell populations, while men have more CD57+ NK cell subpopulations. Discussion Overall, our data demonstrate that the phenotypic structure of the NK cell repertoire follows well-defined genetic rules and that immunological history, sex, and age contribute to shaping this NK cell diversity. These elements can contribute to the better selection of hematopoietic stem cell donors and the definition of allogeneic NK cells for cell engineering in NK cell-based immunotherapy approaches.cters are displayed correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enora Ferron
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, team 12, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle David
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, team 12, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Willem
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, team 12, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Nolwenn Legrand
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, team 12, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Perla Salameh
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, team 12, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Anquetil
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d’histocompatibilité de l’Etablissement Français du Sang de Centre-Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandre Walencik
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d’histocompatibilité de l’Etablissement Français du Sang de Centre-Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Ketevan Gendzekhadze
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem cell Transplantation (HCT), Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Laboratory, City of Hope, Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Katia Gagne
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, team 12, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
- LabEx Transplantex, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christelle Retière
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, team 12, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
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Surcel M, Neamtiu IA, Muresan D, Goidescu I, Staicu A, Marta MM, Nemeti G, Harsa R, Doroftei B, Capilna ME, Caracostea G. Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genotypes and Reproductive Outcomes in a Group of Infertile Women: A Romanian Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3048. [PMID: 37835791 PMCID: PMC10572162 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that endometrial immune disorders may be responsible for endometrial dysfunctions that can lead to gynecological and obstetrical pathology. The aim of this study was to explore the potential relationship between different killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes and reproductive outcomes. We conducted a prospective cohort study that included 104 infertile patients undergoing an in vitro fertilization procedure. All participants underwent clinical and ultrasound examination, genetic evaluation (KIR genotyping), endometrial washing fluid sampling for cytokine determination, endometrial tissue sampling for histologic assessment and hysteroscopic evaluation. Our analysis showed statistically significant lower levels of uterine cytokines TNF-α (p = 0.001) and IL-1beta (p = 0.000) in the KIR AA genotype group as compared to KIR AB and BB among study participants with chronic endometritis. The study results suggest that the KIR AA genotype population subgroups may be more susceptible to developing endometrial disorders such as chronic endometritis. The changes in the behavior of NK cells seem to be subtle and expressed as an altered regulatory pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Surcel
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (D.M.); (I.G.); (A.S.); (G.N.); (G.C.)
| | - Iulia Adina Neamtiu
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Part of ALS, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Muresan
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (D.M.); (I.G.); (A.S.); (G.N.); (G.C.)
| | - Iulian Goidescu
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (D.M.); (I.G.); (A.S.); (G.N.); (G.C.)
| | - Adelina Staicu
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (D.M.); (I.G.); (A.S.); (G.N.); (G.C.)
| | - Monica Mihaela Marta
- Department of Medical Education, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Nemeti
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (D.M.); (I.G.); (A.S.); (G.N.); (G.C.)
| | - Radu Harsa
- In Vitro fertilization Department, “Regina Maria” Hospital, 29 Dorobantilor Street, 400117 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mihai Emil Capilna
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Caracostea
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (D.M.); (I.G.); (A.S.); (G.N.); (G.C.)
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Beksac M, Akin HY, Cengiz Seval G, Yurdakul Mesutoglu P, Anliacik RG, Anliacik E, Gurman G, Karaagaoglu E, Dalva K. A Novel Hypothesis: Certain KIR/Cognate Ligand Containing Genotypes Differ in Frequency Among Patients With Myeloma and Have an Effect on Age of Disease Onset. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:394-400.e1. [PMID: 36918304 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are known to have cytotoxic effects mediated through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their cognate ligands. Role of KIRs in myeloma is yet unresolved. PATIENTS AND METHODS KIR genotypes and ligands of 204 newly diagnosed MM patients are compared with 424 healthy subjects. Statistical analysis included t-test, chi-square and binary logistic regression. RESULTS KIR ligands were significantly more (C2C2: 27.5% vs 15.1%; OR 2.128; 95% CI, 1.417-3.196; P < .001) or less (C1C2: 40.2% vs 51.9%; OR 0.623; 95% CI, 0.444-0.874; P = .006) frequent among MM. Co-occurrence of genotype AA with C2C2 was also higher in frequency among MM (OR 2.509; 95% CI, 1.171-5.378; P = .015) likewise cAB1 with C1C2 was less frequent (OR 0.553; 95% CI, 0.333-0.919; P = .021). Genotypes AA with C1C1, cAB1 with C1C2 or C1C2 alone were associated with a delay (median age: 61 [48-73]; P = .044; 62 [31-81]; P = .030 or 59 [31-85]; P = .028), but AA with C2C2 with an earlier age of onset (48 [29-77]; P = .042). In multivariate analysis including R-ISS, light chain, KIR genotype/ligands; ligand C1C2 (P = .02) and genotype AA-C1C1 (P = .037) were independently associated with age of onset ≥60. CONCLUSION C1C2 and C2C2 alone or in combination with KIR genotype (cAB1 and AA, respectively), is observed in less or higher frequency among MM cases and associated with delayed/earlier age of onset, respectively. Genotype AA-C1C1 although in similar frequency between patients and healthy subjects, is also associated with delay. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating an association between KIR and MM onset age, independent from R-ISS or light chain type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Yalim Akin
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Rıdvan Goksel Anliacik
- Department of Hematology, Immunogenetics Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Anliacik
- Department of Hematology, Immunogenetics Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunhan Gurman
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ergun Karaagaoglu
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Klara Dalva
- Department of Hematology, Immunogenetics Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Arellano-Ballestero H, Sabry M, Lowdell MW. A Killer Disarmed: Natural Killer Cell Impairment in Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:633. [PMID: 36831300 PMCID: PMC9954109 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) treatment remains a big challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease and its ability to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The only curative option is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but most patients are unfit for this procedure and are left with only palliative treatment options, causing a big unmet need in the context of this disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are attractive candidates for MDS immunotherapy due to their ability to target myeloid leukemic cells without prior sensitization, and in recent years we have seen an arising number of clinical trials in AML and, recently, MDS. NK cells are reported to be highly dysfunctional in MDS patients, which can be overcome by adoptive NK cell immunotherapy or activation of endogenous NK cells. Here, we review the role of NK cells in MDS, the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to NK cell impairment, and the most recent data from NK cell-based clinical trials in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - May Sabry
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London NW3 5PF, UK
- InmuneBio Inc., Boca Raton, FL 33432, USA
- Novamune Ltd., London WC2R 1DJ, UK
| | - Mark W. Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London NW3 5PF, UK
- InmuneBio Inc., Boca Raton, FL 33432, USA
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Harnessing natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: dispatching the first responders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:559-577. [PMID: 35314852 PMCID: PMC10019065 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have crucial roles in the innate immunosurveillance of cancer and viral infections. They are 'first responders' that can spontaneously recognize abnormal cells in the body, rapidly eliminate them through focused cytotoxicity mechanisms and potently produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate other immune cells to initiate an adaptive response. From the initial discovery of the diverse cell surface receptors on NK cells to the characterization of regulatory events that control their function, our understanding of the basic biology of NK cells has improved dramatically in the past three decades. This advanced knowledge has revealed increased mechanistic complexity, which has opened the doors to the development of a plethora of exciting new therapeutics that can effectively manipulate and target NK cell functional responses, particularly in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the basic mechanisms that regulate NK cell biology, review a wide variety of drugs, cytokines and antibodies currently being developed and used to stimulate NK cell responses, and outline evolving NK cell adoptive transfer approaches to treat cancer.
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Zuo W, Yu XX, Liu XF, Chang YJ, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Xu LP, Liu KY, Zhao XS, Huang XJ, Zhao XY. The Interaction of HLA-C1/KIR2DL2/L3 Promoted KIR2DL2/L3 Single-Positive/NKG2C-Positive Natural Killer Cell Reconstitution, Raising the Incidence of aGVHD after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814334. [PMID: 35572602 PMCID: PMC9101514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2C+ natural killer (NK) cell plays a vital role in CMV infection control after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, the modulation on NKG2C+ NK cell reconstitution is still unclear. NK cell education is affected by the interactions of HLA-I/killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR). Our aim is to figure out which HLA-I/KIR interaction plays a dominant role in NKG2C+ NK education. Based on allogeneic haploidentical HSCT, we investigated the expansion and function of single KIR positive NKG2C+ NK cells via the interaction of KIR with both donor HLA and recipient HLA at days 30, 90, and 180 after HSCT. KIR2DL2/L3 single-positive/NKG2C+ cells were significantly expanded compared with KIR2DL1 or KIR3DL1 single-positive/NKG2C+ cells when donors and recipients were both HLA-C1/C1 or HLA-C1C1BW4 (p < 0.05), with higher NKp30 expression (p < 0.05). Moreover, the proportion of single KIR positive NK cells increased in both NKG2C+/NKG2A- NK cells and conventional NKG2C-/NKG2A- NK cells over time. We also observed that increased proportion of KIR2DL2/L3 single-positive/NKG2C+ NK cells correlated with higher incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Our study allows a better understanding of HLA-I/KIR interaction in the NKG2C+ NK cell education after HSCT.
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David G, Willem C, Legrand N, Djaoud Z, Mérieau P, Walencik A, Guillaume T, Gagne K, Chevallier P, Retière C. Deciphering the biology of KIR2DL3 + T lymphocytes that are associated to relapse in haploidentical HSCT. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15782. [PMID: 34349169 PMCID: PMC8338934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KIR are mainly expressed on NK cells and to a lesser extent on T lymphocytes. Although the KIR NK cell repertoire was well explored in haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), KIR T cell compartment remains to be investigated in this context. In this study, the investigation of NK receptors on T lymphocytes during immune reconstitution after T-cell-replete haploidentical HSCT with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has shown a significant increase of KIR2DL2/3+ T cell frequency at day 25. This was especially observed at day 30 in recipients who relapsed. IL-15 but not IL-12 increased in vitro KIR+ T cell expansion suggesting that the raised IL-15 serum concentration observed after PTCy in haploidentical HSCT might increase KIR+ T cell frequency. Moreover, investigations from healthy blood donors showed a higher inhibiting effect of KIR2DL3 on CMV specific T cell response against allogeneic than autologous C1+ target cells. The association of KIR+ T cell subset with relapse may suggest that inhibitory KIR2DL2/3 limit anti-leukemic effect of specific T lymphocytes at this early step of immune reconstitution. Further phenotypic and mechanistic investigations on this cell subset from a broader cohort of HSCT recipients should clarify its potential implication in relapse occurrence. Our results demonstrate that KIR-HLA interactions known to modulate NK cell functions also modulate T cell immune responses in the context of allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle David
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, Blood Bank, 34 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44011, Nantes Cedex 01, France
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Willem
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, Blood Bank, 34 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44011, Nantes Cedex 01, France
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Nolwenn Legrand
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, Blood Bank, 34 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44011, Nantes Cedex 01, France
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Zakia Djaoud
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, Blood Bank, 34 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44011, Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Pierre Mérieau
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, Blood Bank, 34 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44011, Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Alexandre Walencik
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, Blood Bank, 34 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44011, Nantes Cedex 01, France
- LabEx Transplantex, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Guillaume
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", 44000, Nantes, France
- Hematology Clinic, CHU, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Katia Gagne
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, Blood Bank, 34 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44011, Nantes Cedex 01, France
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", 44000, Nantes, France
- LabEx Transplantex, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Chevallier
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", 44000, Nantes, France
- Hematology Clinic, CHU, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Retière
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, Blood Bank, 34 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44011, Nantes Cedex 01, France.
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", 44000, Nantes, France.
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Relevance of Polymorphic KIR and HLA Class I Genes in NK-Cell-Based Immunotherapies for Adult Leukemic Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153767. [PMID: 34359667 PMCID: PMC8345033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapies are promising approaches to curing different acute leukemias. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that are efficient in the elimination of leukemic cells. NK-cell-based immunotherapies are particularly attractive, but the landscape of the heterogeneity of NK cells must be deciphered. This review provides an overview of the polymorphic KIR and HLA class I genes that modulate the NK cell repertoire and how these markers can improve the outcomes of patients with acute leukemia. A better knowledge of these genetic markers that are linked to NK cell subsets that are efficient against hematological diseases will optimize hematopoietic stem-cell donor selection and NK immunotherapy design. Abstract Since the mid-1990s, the biology and functions of natural killer (NK) cells have been deeply investigated in healthy individuals and in people with diseases. These effector cells play a particularly crucial role after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) through their graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, which is mainly mediated through polymorphic killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their cognates, HLA class I ligands. In this review, we present how KIRs and HLA class I ligands modulate the structural formation and the functional education of NK cells. In particular, we decipher the current knowledge about the extent of KIR and HLA class I gene polymorphisms, as well as their expression, interaction, and functional impact on the KIR+ NK cell repertoire in a physiological context and in a leukemic context. In addition, we present the impact of NK cell alloreactivity on the outcomes of HSCT in adult patients with acute leukemia, as well as a description of genetic models of KIRs and NK cell reconstitution, with a focus on emergent T-cell-repleted haplo-identical HSCT using cyclosphosphamide post-grafting (haplo-PTCy). Then, we document how the immunogenetics of KIR/HLA and the immunobiology of NK cells could improve the relapse incidence after haplo-PTCy. Ultimately, we review the emerging NK-cell-based immunotherapies for leukemic patients in addition to HSCT.
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Structural plasticity of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 enables altered docking geometries atop HLA-C. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2173. [PMID: 33846289 PMCID: PMC8041999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The closely related inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3, regulate the activation of natural killer cells (NK) by interacting with the human leukocyte antigen-C1 (HLA-C1) group of molecules. KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3 and HLA-C1 are highly polymorphic, with this variation being associated with differences in the onset and progression of some human diseases. However, the molecular bases underlying these associations remain unresolved. Here, we determined the crystal structures of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 in complex with HLA-C*07:02 presenting a self-epitope. KIR2DL2 differed from KIR2DL3 in docking modality over HLA-C*07:02 that correlates with variabilty of recognition of HLA-C1 allotypes. Mutagenesis assays indicated differences in the mechanism of HLA-C1 allotype recognition by KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3. Similarly, HLA-C1 allotypes differed markedly in their capacity to inhibit activation of primary NK cells. These functional differences derive, in part, from KIR2DS2 suggesting KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 binding geometries combine with other factors to distinguish HLA-C1 functional recognition.
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Centromeric KIR AA Individuals Harbor Particular KIR Alleles Conferring Beneficial NK Cell Features with Implications in Haplo-Identical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123595. [PMID: 33271841 PMCID: PMC7760878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown a broad disparity of Natural Killer (NK) cell responses against leukemia highlighting good and bad responders resting on the Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) and HLA genetics. In this study, we deeply studied KIR2D allele expression, HLA-C recognition and functional effect on NK cells in 108 blood donors in combining high-resolution KIR allele typing and multicolor flow cytometry. The KIR2DL1*003 allotype is associated with centromeric (cen) AA motif and confers the highest NK cell frequency, expression level and strength of KIR/HLA-C interactions compared to the KIR2DL1*002 and KIR2DL1*004 allotypes respectively associated with cenAB and BB motifs. KIR2DL2*001 and *003 allotypes negatively affect the frequency of KIR2DL1+ and KIR2DL3+ NK cells. Altogether, our data suggest that cenAA individuals display more efficient KIR2DL alleles (L1*003 and L3*001) to mount a consistent frequency of KIR2DL+ NK cells and to confer an effective NK cell responsiveness. The transposition of our in vitro observations in the T-replete haplo-identical HSCT context led us to observe that cenAA HSC grafts limit significantly the incidence of relapse in patients with myeloid diseases after T-replete haplo-identical HSCT. As NK cells are crucial in HSCT reconstitution, one could expect that the consideration of KIR2DL1/2/3 allelic polymorphism could help to refine scores used for HSC donor selection.
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Pugh J, Nemat-Gorgani N, Djaoud Z, Guethlein LA, Norman PJ, Parham P. In vitro education of human natural killer cells by KIR3DL1. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/6/e201900434. [PMID: 31723004 PMCID: PMC6856763 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using NK cells isolated from individuals who lack the Bw4 epitope on HLA-B, Pugh et al reveal that KIR3DL1+ NK cells can be educated in vitro by co-culturing them with target cells that display the missing epitope. During development, NK cells are “educated” to respond aggressively to cells with low surface expression of HLA class I, a hallmark of malignant and infected cells. The mechanism of education involves interactions between inhibitory killer immunoglobulin–like receptors (KIRs) and specific HLA epitopes, but the details of this process are unknown. Because of the genetic diversity of HLA class I genes, most people have NK cells that are incompletely educated, representing an untapped source of human immunity. We demonstrate how mature peripheral KIR3DL1+ human NK cells can be educated in vitro. To accomplish this, we trained NK cells expressing the inhibitory KIR3DL1 receptor by co-culturing them with target cells that expressed its ligand, Bw4+HLA-B. After this training, KIR3DL1+ NK cells increased their inflammatory and lytic responses toward target cells lacking Bw4+HLA-B, as though they had been educated in vivo. By varying the conditions of this basic protocol, we provide mechanistic and translational insights into the process NK cell education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pugh
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zakia Djaoud
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter Parham
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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NK cell development in a human stem cell niche: KIR expression occurs independently of the presence of HLA class I ligands. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2452-2461. [PMID: 30266820 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mature natural killer (NK) cells expressing killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) depends on cell contact-dependent signals from nonhematopoietic cells. So far, detailed studies of this process have been hampered by the lack of an appropriate in vitro model. Here, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), generated under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions, are established as a supportive niche for in vitro NK cell differentiation. In the presence of MSCs, cord blood and bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) effectively and reproducibly differentiated into mature KIR-expressing NK cells. Notably, the novel in vitro differentiation assay enabled us to analyze the impact of HLA class I ligands on KIR repertoire development. To this end, a panel of MSC lines divergent for expression of the major KIR ligands C1, C2, and Bw4 was used for NK cell differentiation. The resulting NK cell repertoires were independent of the presence of specific KIR ligands on MSCs and were, in fact, invariably dominated by expression of the C1-specific inhibitory KIR2DL3. Similarly, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of HLA class I ligands on MSCs did not delay or change the course of KIR expression. Our data suggest that the initial acquisition of KIRs during NK cell development is biased toward recognition of C1 ligands, irrespective of the presence of self-ligands. Altogether, the MSC/HSPC model constitutes a novel platform to study NK cell development in a human stem cell niche. Moreover, the system constitutes a promising GMP-compliant platform to develop clinical-grade NK cell products from cord blood HSPCs.
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are bone marrow-derived large granular lymphocytes defined by CD3negCD56pos and represent 5% to 25% of peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of the healthy humans. NK cells have a highly specific and sophisticated target cell recognition receptor system arbitrated by the integration of signals triggered by a multitude of inhibitory and activating receptors. Human NK cells express distinct families of receptors, including (1) killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, (2) killer cell lectin-like receptors, (3) leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, and (4) natural cytotoxicity receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Surgery, Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 150, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
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Huhn O, Chazara O, Ivarsson MA, Retière C, Venkatesan TC, Norman PJ, Hilton HG, Jayaraman J, Traherne JA, Trowsdale J, Ito M, Kling C, Parham P, Ghadially H, Moffett A, Sharkey AM, Colucci F. High-Resolution Genetic and Phenotypic Analysis of KIR2DL1 Alleles and Their Association with Pre-Eclampsia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:2593-2601. [PMID: 30249807 PMCID: PMC6258046 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Killer-cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes are inherited as haplotypes. They are expressed by NK cells and linked to outcomes of infectious diseases and pregnancy in humans. Understanding how genotype relates to phenotype is difficult because of the extensive diversity of the KIR family. Indeed, high-resolution KIR genotyping and phenotyping in single NK cells in the context of disease association is lacking. In this article, we describe a new method to separate NK cells expressing allotypes of the KIR2DL1 gene carried by the KIR A haplotype (KIR2DL1A) from those expressing KIR2DL1 alleles carried by the KIR B haplotype (KIR2DL1B). We find that in KIR AB heterozygous individuals, different KIR2DL1 allotypes can be detected in both peripheral blood and uterine NK cells. Using this new method, we demonstrate that both blood and uterine NK cells codominantly express KIR2DL1A and KIR2DL1B allotypes but with a predominance of KIR2DL1A variants, which associate with enhanced NK cell function. In a case-control study of pre-eclampsia, we show that KIR2DL1A, not KIR2DL1B, associates with increased disease risk. This method will facilitate our understanding of how individual KIR2DL1 allelic variants affect NK cell function and contribute to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisín Huhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Olympe Chazara
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Ivarsson
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christelle Retière
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Université de Nantes, 44011 Nantes, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, INSERM U1232, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 49035 Angers, France
| | - Timothy C Venkatesan
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Norman
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hugo G Hilton
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jyothi Jayaraman
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - James A Traherne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - John Trowsdale
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Mitsutero Ito
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom;
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom;
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
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Wilk AJ, Blish CA. Diversification of human NK cells: Lessons from deep profiling. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:629-641. [PMID: 29350874 PMCID: PMC6133712 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ri0917-390r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes with important roles in immunoregulation, immunosurveillance, and cytokine production. Originally defined on the functional basis of their "natural" ability to lyse tumor targets and thought to be a relatively homogeneous group of lymphocytes, NK cells possess a remarkable degree of phenotypic and functional diversity due to the combinatorial expression of an array of activating and inhibitory receptors. Diversification of NK cells is multifaceted: mechanisms of NK cell education that promote self-tolerance result in a heterogeneous repertoire that further diversifies upon encounters with viral pathogens. Here, we review the genetic, developmental, and environmental sources of NK cell diversity with a particular focus on deep profiling and single-cell technologies that will enable a more thorough and accurate dissection of this intricate and poorly understood lymphocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Wilk
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, and Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Shan Z, Huang J, Liao Q, Huang K, Wang M, Xu R, Tang X, Zhang W, Nelson K, Fu Y, Li C, Rong X. Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in the Chinese population. Transfusion 2018; 58:1028-1035. [PMID: 29446443 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are critical components in innate immune response to viral infection. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are involved in regulating the balance of activation or inhibitory function of NK cells. However, the association of KIRs with the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains unclear in the Chinese population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 407 HCV-seropositive voluntary blood donors were recruited, including 203 with spontaneous viral clearance and 204 with chronic infection. The presence of KIR genes was detected individually by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Data of HLA and interleukin-28B (IL28B) genotypes were extracted from our previous study. RESULTS Our results showed that KIR2DL2, 2DS2, 2DL2/2DL3, and 2DL5A-/2DL5B+ were more frequent in subjects with HCV clearance than those with chronic infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.640, p = 0.034; OR, 1.664, p = 0.032; OR, 1.636, p = 0.040; and OR, 2.601, p = 0.012, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that KIR2DL5A-/2DL5B+ associated with HCV clearance (OR, 2.448, p = 0.027), independent of sex, IL28B, and other KIRs. In contrast, KIR2DL3/2DL3 (OR, 0.610, p = 0.034) as well as 2DL3/2DL3+HLA-C1 or C1C1 (OR, 0.580, p = 0.017; and OR, 0.639, p = 0.025, respectively) was found associated with chronic HCV infection. The presence of the homozygous KIR2DL3 with or without its HLA ligand increased the OR of developing chronic HCV infection in the context of IL28B. CONCLUSIONS In this study we identified KIR2DL5A-/2DL5B+ associated with HCV spontaneous clearance, while KIR2DL3/2DL3, 2DL3/2DL3+HLA-C1, or C1C1 associated with chronic infection. Our study highlighted the fact that the roles of KIR and KIR-HLA contributed to the control of HCV infection by innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Tang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University; and
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University; and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kenrad Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Guangzhou Blood Center
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University; and
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University; and
| | - Xia Rong
- Guangzhou Blood Center
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University; and
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Feyaerts D, Kuret T, van Cranenbroek B, van der Zeeuw-Hingrez S, van der Heijden OWH, van der Meer A, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. Endometrial natural killer (NK) cells reveal a tissue-specific receptor repertoire. Hum Reprod 2018; 33:441-451. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Feyaerts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T Kuret
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B van Cranenbroek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S van der Zeeuw-Hingrez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O W H van der Heijden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A van der Meer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Selected biological issues affecting relapse after stem cell transplantation: role of T-cell impairment, NK cells and intrinsic tumor resistance. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:949-959. [PMID: 29367714 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-017-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The graft vs. leukemia (GvL) effect as a method of preventing relapse is well described after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but the mechanisms to this effect and how tumor sometimes develops resistance to GvL are just beginning to be understood. This article reviews and expands upon data presented at the Third International Workshop on Biology, Prevention and Treatment of Relapse after Stem Cell Transplantation held in Hamburg, Germany, in November 2016. We first discuss in detail the role that T-cell impairment early after HCT plays in relapse by looking at data from T cell-depleted approaches as well as the clear role that early T-cell recovery has shown in improving outcomes. We then review key findings regarding the role of specific KIR donor/recipient pairings that contribute to relapse prevention after HCT for several tumor types. Finally, we discuss a unique mouse model following the development of tumor resistance to GvL. Detailed molecular characterization of events marking the development of tumor resistance to the immunotherapy of GvL may help in developing future strategies to overcome immune escape.
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Impact of Graft-Versus-Graft Natural Killer Cell Alloreactivity on Single Unit Dominance After Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 101:2092-2101. [PMID: 27798515 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity is favored after double umbilical cord blood transplantation (dUCBT) in which cord blood (UCB) units and patients are often HLA class I mismatched. Generally, only 1 UCB unit persists after dUCBT. We hypothesize, that NK cell alloreactivity mediated by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-HLA interactions may explain the dominance of 1UCB unit over the other after dUCBT. METHODS We investigated the impact of KIR NK cell alloreactivities on the dominance of 1 full UCB unit in 50 dUCBT. We analyzed the effects of the KIR/HLA genetic incompatibilities and studied cord blood cells at both the phenotypic and functional levels. RESULTS The genetic combination of KIR3DL1 loser UCB unit/Bw4 winner UCB unit determined both the dominance of 1 UCB unit (hazards ratio, 2.88 [1.32-6.27], P = 0.0077) and correlated with an increased incidence of relapse (hazards ratio, 4.91 [1.39-17.3], P = 0.0134). It is interesting to note that cord blood cells exhibited extremely low HLA class I expression. Moreover, resting cord blood KIR3DL1 NK cells exhibited a basal alloreactivity against Bw4 target cells that increased upon activation, thus triggering death by apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our unicentric study suggests, for the first time, the significant impact of KIR NK cell alloreactivity in the determination of which UCB unit will dominate in dUCBT.
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Baltner K, Kübler A, Pal M, Balvočiūte M, Mezger M, Handgretinger R, André MC. Expression of KIR2DS1 does not significantly contribute to NK cell cytotoxicity in HLA-C1/C2 heterozygous haplotype B donors. Int Immunol 2017; 29:423-429. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Baltner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayline Kübler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina Pal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Balvočiūte
- Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maya C André
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children’s Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Ries M, Reynolds MR, Bashkueva K, Crosno K, Capuano S, Prall TM, Wiseman R, O’Connor DH, Rakasz EG, Uno H, Lifson JD, Evans DT. KIR3DL01 upregulation on gut natural killer cells in response to SIV infection of KIR- and MHC class I-defined rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006506. [PMID: 28708886 PMCID: PMC5529027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells provide an important early defense against viral pathogens and are regulated in part by interactions between highly polymorphic killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their MHC class I ligands on target cells. We previously identified MHC class I ligands for two rhesus macaque KIRs: KIR3DL01 recognizes Mamu-Bw4 molecules and KIR3DL05 recognizes Mamu-A1*002. To determine how these interactions influence NK cell responses, we infected KIR3DL01+ and KIR3DL05+ macaques with and without defined ligands for these receptors with SIVmac239, and monitored NK cell responses in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. NK cell responses in blood were broadly stimulated, as indicated by rapid increases in the CD16+ population during acute infection and sustained increases in the CD16+ and CD16-CD56- populations during chronic infection. Markers of proliferation (Ki-67), activation (CD69 & HLA-DR) and antiviral activity (CD107a & TNFα) were also widely expressed, but began to diverge during chronic infection, as reflected by sustained CD107a and TNFα upregulation by KIR3DL01+, but not by KIR3DL05+ NK cells. Significant increases in the frequency of KIR3DL01+ (but not KIR3DL05+) NK cells were also observed in tissues, particularly in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues, where this receptor was preferentially upregulated on CD56+ and CD16-CD56- subsets. These results reveal broad NK cell activation and dynamic changes in the phenotypic properties of NK cells in response to SIV infection, including the enrichment of KIR3DL01+ NK cells in tissues that support high levels of virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ries
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Reynolds
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ksenia Bashkueva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristin Crosno
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Trent M. Prall
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Roger Wiseman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hajime Uno
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Rathmann S, Keck C, Kreutz C, Weit N, Müller M, Timmer J, Glatzel S, Follo M, Malkovsky M, Werner M, Handgretinger R, Finke J, Fisch P. Partial break in tolerance of NKG2A−/LIR-1− single KIR+ NK cells early in the course of HLA-matched, KIR-mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1144-1155. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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23
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Rajalingam R. The Impact of HLA Class I-Specific Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors on Antibody-Dependent Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Organ Allograft Rejection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:585. [PMID: 28066408 PMCID: PMC5165035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system are cytotoxic lymphocytes that play an important roles following transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells. Recognition of self-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules by inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) is involved in the calibration of NK cell effector capacities during the developmental stage, allowing the subsequent recognition and elimination of target cells with decreased expression of self-HLA class I (due to virus infection or tumor transformation) or HLA class I disparities (in the setting of allogeneic transplantation). NK cells expressing an inhibitory KIR-binding self-HLA can be activated when confronted with allografts lacking a ligand for the inhibitory receptor. Following the response of the adaptive immune system, NK cells can further destroy allograft endothelium by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), triggered through cross-linking of the CD16 Fc receptor by donor-specific antibodies bound to allograft. Upon recognizing allogeneic target cells, NK cells also secrete cytokines and chemokines that drive maturation of dendritic cells to promote cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses against the allograft. The cumulative activating and inhibitory signals generated by ligation of the receptors regulates mature NK cell killing of target cells and their production of cytokines and chemokines. This review summarizes the role of NK cells in allograft rejection and proposes mechanistic concepts that indicate a prominent role for KIR-HLA interactions in facilitating NK cells for Fc receptor-mediated ADCC effector function involved in antibody-mediated rejection of solid organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
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24
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Béziat V, Hilton HG, Norman PJ, Traherne JA. Deciphering the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor system at super-resolution for natural killer and T-cell biology. Immunology 2016; 150:248-264. [PMID: 27779741 PMCID: PMC5290243 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are components of two fundamental biological systems essential for human health and survival. First, they contribute to host immune responses, both innate and adaptive, through their expression by natural killer cells and T cells. Second, KIR play a key role in regulating placentation, and hence reproductive success. Analogous to the diversity of their human leucocyte antigen class I ligands, KIR are extremely polymorphic. In this review, we describe recent developments, fuelled by methodological advances, that are helping to decipher the KIR system in terms of haplotypes, polymorphisms, expression patterns and their ligand interactions. These developments are delivering deeper insight into the relevance of KIR in immune system function, evolution and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hugo G Hilton
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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25
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Mehta RS, Rezvani K. Can we make a better match or mismatch with KIR genotyping? HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2016; 2016:106-118. [PMID: 27913469 PMCID: PMC6142490 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell function is regulated by a fine balance between numerous activating and inhibitory receptors, of which killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are among the most polymorphic and comprehensively studied. KIRs allow NK cells to recognize downregulation or the absence of HLA class I molecules on target cells (known as missing-self), a phenomenon that is commonly observed in virally infected cells or cancer cells. Because KIR and HLA genes are located on different chromosomes, in an allogeneic environment such as after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, donor NK cells that express an inhibitory KIR for an HLA class I molecule that is absent on recipient targets (KIR/KIR-ligand mismatch), can recognize and react to this missing self and mediate cytotoxicity. Accumulating data indicate that epistatic interactions between KIR and HLA influence outcomes in several clinical conditions. Herein, we discuss the genetic and functional features of KIR/KIR-ligand interactions in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and how these data can guide donor selection. We will also review clinical studies of adoptive NK cell therapy in leukemia and emerging data on the use of genetically modified NK cells that could broaden the scope of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohtesh S Mehta
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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26
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Sips M, Liu Q, Draghi M, Ghebremichael M, Berger CT, Suscovich TJ, Sun Y, Walker BD, Carrington M, Altfeld M, Brouckaert P, De Jager PL, Alter G. HLA-C levels impact natural killer cell subset distribution and function. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1147-1153. [PMID: 27521484 PMCID: PMC6684021 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Differences in HLA-C expression are inversely correlated with HIV viral load set-point and slower progression to AIDS, linked to enhanced cytotoxic T cell immunity. Yet, beyond T cells, HLA-C serves as a dominant ligand for natural killer (NK) cell killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Thus, we speculated that HLA-C expression levels may also impact NK activity, thereby modulating HIV antiviral control. Phenotypic and functional profiling was performed on freshly isolated PBMCs. HLA-C expression was linked to changes in NK subset distribution and licensing, particularly in HLA-C1/C1, KIR2DL3+2DL2-individuals. Moreover, high levels of HLA-C, were associated with reduced frequencies of anergic CD56neg NKs and lower frequencies of KIR2DL1/2/3+ NK cells, pointing to an HLA-C induced influence on the NK cell development in the absence of disease. In HIV infection, several spontaneous controllers, that expressed higher levels of HLA-C demonstrated robust NK-IFN-γ secretion in response to target cells, highlighting a second disease induced licensing phenotype. Thus this population study points to a potential role for HLA-C levels both in NK cell education and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sips
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Monia Draghi
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Christoph T Berger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yongtao Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA; Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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27
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Kandilarova SM, Paschen A, Mihaylova A, Ivanova M, Schadendorf D, Naumova E. The Influence of HLA and KIR Genes on Malignant Melanoma Development and Progression. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:73-81. [PMID: 28083606 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have described the role of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their cognate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands in the immune protection against melanoma, but the effect of these markers on intra-individual variations in tumor development and progression has remained less clear. We performed KIR, HLA, and KIR/ligand analysis in 283 patients with malignant melanoma in order to evaluate their integrated influence on disease stage and progression. The patients were grouped according to AJCC staging, histological type of the primary tumor, progression, and survival rate. Analysis of HLA class I alleles revealed positive association of HLA-C*14 (Pc = 0.026, OR = 5.99) and negative association of HLA-C*02 (Pc = 0.026, OR = 0.43) with the disease. Decreased frequency of KIR2DS5 was observed in patients with rapid progression, as compared to those with slow progression. KIR BB genotype was prevalent in patients with metastasis (p = 0.004, OR = 0.025). KIR AA genotype was nearly twice as frequent in rapidly progressive cases, but without statistical relevance (p = 0.055, OR = 2.6). Significantly increased frequency of KIR2DL2 in the presence of C1 ligand (strong inhibition) was found in patients with AJCC III and IV, as compared to individuals with AJCC I stage (p = 0.045, OR = 1.93). In summary, our data imply that KIR/ligand gene content in patients could modulate the disease course towards unfavorable tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezhina Mihailova Kandilarova
- Department of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anastassia Mihaylova
- Department of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Ivanova
- Department of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elissaveta Naumova
- Department of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
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28
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Walter L, Petersen B. Diversification of both KIR and NKG2 natural killer cell receptor genes in macaques - implications for highly complex MHC-dependent regulation of natural killer cells. Immunology 2016; 150:139-145. [PMID: 27565739 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) as well as their MHC class I ligands display enormous genetic diversity and polymorphism in macaque species. Signals resulting from interaction between KIR or CD94/NKG2 receptors and their cognate MHC class I proteins essentially regulate the activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Macaque and human KIR share many features, such as clonal expression patterns, gene copy number variations, specificity for particular MHC class I allotypes, or epistasis between KIR and MHC class I genes that influence susceptibility and resistance to immunodeficiency virus infection. In this review article we also annotated publicly available rhesus macaque BAC clone sequences and provide the first description of the CD94-NKG2 genomic region. Besides the presence of genes that are orthologous to human NKG2A and NKG2F, this region contains three NKG2C paralogues. Hence, the genome of rhesus macaques contains moderately expanded and diversified NKG2 genes in addition to highly diversified KIR genes. The presence of two diversified NK cell receptor families in one species has not been described before and is expected to require a complex MHC-dependent regulation of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Beatrix Petersen
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Horowitz A, Djaoud Z, Nemat-Gorgani N, Blokhuis J, Hilton HG, Béziat V, Malmberg KJ, Norman PJ, Guethlein LA, Parham P. Class I HLA haplotypes form two schools that educate NK cells in different ways. Sci Immunol 2016; 1. [PMID: 27868107 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aag1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes having vital functions in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as placental reproduction. Controlling education and functional activity of human NK cells are various receptors that recognize HLA class I on the surface of tissue cells. Epitopes of polymorphic HLA-A,-B and -C are recognized by equally diverse killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). In addition, a peptide cleaved from the leader sequence of HLA-A,-B or -C must bind to HLA-E for it to become a ligand for the conserved CD94:NKG2A receptor. Methionine/threonine dimorphism at position -21 of the leader sequence divides HLA-B allotypes into a majority having -21T that do not supply HLA-E binding peptides and a minority having -21M, that do. Genetic analysis of human populations worldwide shows how haplotypes with -21M HLA-B rarely encode the KIR ligands: Bw4+HLA-B and C2+HLA-C KIR. Thus there are two fundamental forms of HLA haplotype: one preferentially supplying CD94:NKG2A ligands, the other preferentially supplying KIR ligands. -21 HLA-B dimorphism divides the human population into three groups: M/M, M/T and T/T. Mass cytometry and assays of immune function, shows how M/M and M/T individuals have CD94:NKG2A+ NK cells which are better educated, phenotypically more diverse and functionally more potent than those in T/T individuals. Fundamental new insights are given to genetic control of NK cell immunity and the evolution that has limited the number of NK cell receptor ligands encoded by an HLA haplotype. These finding suggest new ways to dissect the numerous clinical associations with HLA class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Horowitz
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zakia Djaoud
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jeroen Blokhuis
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hugo G Hilton
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul J Norman
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Parham
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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30
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Waggoner SN, Mavilio D. Editorial: Natural killer cells "strike" a new cord. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:449-51. [PMID: 27587377 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ce0416-181rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Wang W, Erbe AK, Alderson KA, Phillips E, Gallenberger M, Gan J, Campana D, Hank JA, Sondel PM. Human NK cells maintain licensing status and are subject to killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and KIR-ligand inhibition following ex vivo expansion. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1047-59. [PMID: 27392940 PMCID: PMC5477646 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Infusion of allogeneic NK cells is a potential immunotherapy for both hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors. Interactions between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) on human NK cells and KIR-ligands on tumor cells influence the magnitude of NK function. To obtain sufficient numbers of activated NK cells for infusion, one potent method uses cells from the K562 human erythroleukemia line that have been transfected to express activating 41BB ligand (41BBL) and membrane-bound interleukin 15 (mbIL15). The functional importance of KIRs on ex vivo expanded NK cells has not been studied in detail. We found that after a 12-day co-culture with K562-mbIL15-41BBL cells, expanded NK cells maintained inhibition specificity and prior in vivo licensing status determined by KIR/KIR-ligand interactions. Addition of an anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) induced NK-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and augmented killing of CD20+ target cells. However, partial inhibition induced by KIR/KIR-ligand interactions persisted. Finally, we found that extended co-cultures of NK cells with stimulatory cells transduced to express various KIR-ligands modified both the inhibitory and activating KIR repertoires of the expanded NK cell product. These studies demonstrate that the licensing interactions known to occur during NK ontogeny also influence NK cell function following NK expansion ex vivo with HLA-null stimulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg. UW-Madison Campus, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg. UW-Madison Campus, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kory A Alderson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg. UW-Madison Campus, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Emily Phillips
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg. UW-Madison Campus, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mikayla Gallenberger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg. UW-Madison Campus, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jacek Gan
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg. UW-Madison Campus, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dario Campana
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg. UW-Madison Campus, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg. UW-Madison Campus, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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32
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Sohlberg E, Pfefferle A, Andersson S, Baumann BC, Hellström-Lindberg E, Malmberg KJ. Imprint of 5-azacytidine on the natural killer cell repertoire during systemic treatment for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34178-90. [PMID: 26497557 PMCID: PMC4741444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-azacytidine (5-aza) is a hypomethylating agent approved for the treatment of high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It is assumed to act by demethylating tumor suppressor genes and via direct cytotoxic effects on malignant cells. In vitro treatment with hypomethylating agents has profound effects on the expression of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like (KIR) receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, as these receptors are epigenetically regulated via methylation of the promoters. Here we investigated the influence of 5-aza on the NK-cell repertoire during cytokine-induced proliferation in vitro and homeostatic proliferation in vivo in patients with high-risk MDS. In vitro treatment of NK cells from both healthy donors and MDS patients with low doses of 5-aza led to a significant increase in expression of multiple KIRs, but only in cells that had undergone several rounds of cell division. Proliferating 5-aza exposed NK cells exhibited increased IFN-γ production and degranulation towards tumor target cells. MDS patients had lower proportions of educated KIR-expressing NK cells than healthy controls but after systemic treatment with 5-aza, an increased proportion of Ki-67+ NK cells expressed multiple KIRs suggesting uptake of 5-aza in cycling cells in vivo. Hence, these results suggest that systemic treatment with 5-aza may shape the NK cell repertoire, in particular during homeostatic proliferation, thereby boosting NK cell-mediated recognition of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Sohlberg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aline Pfefferle
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bettina C Baumann
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Hellström-Lindberg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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33
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Goodridge JP, Önfelt B, Malmberg KJ. Newtonian cell interactions shape natural killer cell education. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:197-213. [PMID: 26284479 PMCID: PMC4832384 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Newton's third law of motion states that for every action on a physical object there is an equal and opposite reaction. The dynamic change in functional potential of natural killer (NK) cells during education bears many features of such classical mechanics. Cumulative physical interactions between cells, under a constant influence of homeostatic drivers of differentiation, lead to a reactive spectrum that ultimately shapes the functionality of each NK cell. Inhibitory signaling from an array of self‐specific receptors appear not only to suppress self‐reactivity but also aid in the persistence of effector functions over time, thereby allowing the cell to gradually build up a functional potential. Conversely, the frequent non‐cytolytic interactions between normal cells in the absence of such inhibitory signaling result in continuous stimulation of the cells and attenuation of effector function. Although an innate cell, the degree to which the fate of the NK cell is predetermined versus its ability to adapt to its own environment can be revealed through a Newtonian view of NK cell education, one which is both chronological and dynamic. As such, the development of NK cell functional diversity is the product of qualitatively different physical interactions with host cells, rather than simply the sum of their signals or an imprint based on intrinsically different transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie P Goodridge
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Rettman P, Willem C, David G, Riou R, Legrand N, Esbelin J, Cesbron A, Senitzer D, Gagne K, Retière C. New insights on the natural killer cell repertoire from a thorough analysis of cord blood cells. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:471-9. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1hi0116-036r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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35
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Manser AR, Uhrberg M. Age-related changes in natural killer cell repertoires: impact on NK cell function and immune surveillance. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:417-26. [PMID: 26288343 PMCID: PMC11028690 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A key feature of human natural killer (NK) cells, which enables efficient recognition of infected and malignant target cells, is the expression of HLA class I-specific receptors of the KIR and NKG2 gene families. Cell-to-cell variability in receptor expression leads to the formation of complex NK cell repertoires. As outlined here, NK cells go through major changes from newborns to adults characterized by downregulation of the inhibitory NKG2A receptor and concomitant upregulation of KIR family members. This process is completed in young adults, and in the majority of individuals, KIR/NKG2A repertoires remain remarkably stable until old age. Nonetheless, age-related factors have the potential to majorly influence the complexity of NK cell repertoires: Firstly infection with HCMV is associated with major clonal expansions of terminally differentiated NKG2C- and KIR-expressing NK cells in certain individuals. Secondly, ineffective hematopoiesis can lead to immature and less diversified NK cell repertoires as observed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a malignant disease of the elderly. Thus, whereas in the majority of elderly the NK cell compartment appears to be highly stable in terms of function and phenotype, in a minority of subjects a breakdown of NK cell repertoire diversity is observed that might influence immune surveillance and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Bari R, Thapa R, Bao J, Li Y, Zheng J, Leung W. KIR2DL2/2DL3-E(35) alleles are functionally stronger than -Q(35) alleles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23689. [PMID: 27030405 PMCID: PMC4814820 DOI: 10.1038/srep23689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 segregate as alleles of a single locus in the centromeric motif of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene family. Although KIR2DL2/L3 polymorphism is known to be associated with many human diseases and is an important factor for donor selection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the molecular determinant of functional diversity among various alleles is unclear. In this study we found that KIR2DL2/L3 with glutamic acid at position 35 (E35) are functionally stronger than those with glutamine at the same position (Q35). Cytotoxicity assay showed that NK cells from HLA-C1 positive donors with KIR2DL2/L3-E35 could kill more target cells lacking their ligands than NK cells with the weaker -Q35 alleles, indicating better licensing of KIR2DL2/L3+ NK cells with the stronger alleles. Molecular modeling analysis reveals that the glutamic acid, which is negatively charged, interacts with positively charged histidine located at position 55, thereby stabilizing KIR2DL2/L3 dimer and reducing entropy loss when KIR2DL2/3 binds to HLA-C ligand. The results of this study will be important for future studies of KIR2DL2/L3-associated diseases as well as for donor selection in allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafijul Bari
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rajoo Thapa
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ju Bao
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wing Leung
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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The early onset of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis has a strong genetic influence: role of HLA and KIR genes. Genes Immun 2016; 17:187-92. [PMID: 26890333 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported a strong association between HLA-DRB1*1301 and type 1 pediatric autoimmune hepatitis (PAH) and between HLA-DR*0405 and adult autoimmune hepatitis (AAH). Because human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors are known to be associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, we investigated the frequencies of HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and KIR genes in 144 type 1 PAH and 86 AAH patients, which were compared with 273 healthy controls. We demonstrated in PAH the increased frequency of the functional form of KIR2DS4-Full Length (KIR2DS4-FL), which in combination with HLA-DRB1*1301 revealed a strong synergistic effect (odds ratio=36.5). PAH-KIR2DS4-FL+ subjects have shown an increased frequency of their putative HLA-C*02, 04 and 06 ligands. KIR analysis of PAH also revealed a decreased frequency of KIR2DL2 gene and its ligand. In contrast, AAH cases have shown a weaker increased frequency of KIR2DS4-FL, a lack of synergistic effect with HLA class II antigens and a moderate association with HLA-DRB1*0405. Of note, we demonstrated that liver T cells have a unique pattern of KIR expression. These results show a KIR gene involved in autoimmune hepatitis and suggest a stronger genetic influence for the early onset type I autoimmune hepatitis.
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Naranbhai V, de Assis Rosa D, Werner L, Moodley R, Hong H, Kharsany A, Mlisana K, Sibeko S, Garrett N, Chopera D, Carr WH, Abdool Karim Q, Hill AVS, Abdool Karim SS, Altfeld M, Gray CM, Ndung'u T. Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) gene profiles modify HIV disease course, not HIV acquisition in South African women. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:27. [PMID: 26809736 PMCID: PMC4727384 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) interact with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) to modify natural killer- and T-cell function. KIR are implicated in HIV acquisition by small studies that have not been widely replicated. A role for KIR in HIV disease progression is more widely replicated and supported by functional studies. METHODS To assess the role of KIR and KIR ligands in HIV acquisition and disease course, we studied at-risk women in South Africa between 2004-2010. Logistic regression was used for nested case-control analysis of 154 women who acquired vs. 155 who did not acquire HIV, despite high exposure. Linear mixed-effects models were used for cohort analysis of 139 women followed prospectively for a median of 54 months (IQR 31-69) until 2014. RESULTS Neither KIR repertoires nor HLA alleles were associated with HIV acquisition. However, KIR haplotype BB was associated with lower viral loads (-0.44 log10 copies/ml; SE = 0.18; p = 0.03) and higher CD4+ T-cell counts (+80 cells/μl; SE = 42; p = 0.04). This was largely explained by the protective effect of KIR2DL2/KIR2DS2 on the B haplotype and reciprocal detrimental effect of KIR2DL3 on the A haplotype. CONCLUSIONS Although neither KIR nor HLA appear to have a role in HIV acquisition, our data are consistent with involvement of KIR2DL2 in HIV control. Additional studies to replicate these findings are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Naranbhai
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - D de Assis Rosa
- National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa. .,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - L Werner
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - R Moodley
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - H Hong
- Division of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - A Kharsany
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - K Mlisana
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - S Sibeko
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - N Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - D Chopera
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - W H Carr
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,City University of New York - Medgar Evers College, New York, USA. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Boston, USA.
| | - Q Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - A V S Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - S S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - M Altfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Boston, USA. .,Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - C M Gray
- National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa. .,University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - T Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Boston, USA. .,KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Della Chiesa M, Sivori S, Carlomagno S, Moretta L, Moretta A. Activating KIRs and NKG2C in Viral Infections: Toward NK Cell Memory? Front Immunol 2015; 6:573. [PMID: 26617607 PMCID: PMC4638145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important players in the immune defense against viral infections. The contribution of activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and CD94/NKG2C in regulating anti-viral responses has recently emerged. Thus, in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting, the presence of donor activating KIRs (aKIRs) may protect against viral infections, while in HIV-infected individuals, KIR3DS1, in combination with HLA-Bw4-I80, results in reduction of viral progression. Since, studies have been performed mainly at the genetic or transcriptional level, the effective size, the function, and the "licensing" status of NK cells expressing aKIRs, as well as the nature of their viral ligands, require further investigation. Certain viral infections, mainly due to Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), can deeply influence the NK cell development and function by inducing a marked expansion of mature NKG2C(+) NK cells expressing self-activating KIRs. This suggests that NKG2C and/or aKIRs are involved in the selective proliferation of this subset. The persistent, HCMV-induced, imprinting suggests that NK cells may display unexpected adaptive immune traits. The role of aKIRs and NKG2C in regulating NK cell responses and promoting a memory-like response to certain viruses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Della Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Simona Sivori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Simona Carlomagno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Dipartimento di Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Bambin Gesù , Roma , Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova , Genoa , Italy
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40
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Martínez-Sánchez MV, Periago A, Legaz I, Gimeno L, Mrowiec A, Montes-Barqueros NR, Campillo JA, Bolarin JM, Bernardo MV, López-Álvarez MR, González C, García-Garay MC, Muro M, Cabañas-Perianes V, Fuster JL, García-Alonso AM, Moraleda JM, Álvarez-Lopez MR, Minguela A. Overexpression of KIR inhibitory ligands (HLA-I) determines that immunosurveillance of myeloma depends on diverse and strong NK cell licensing. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1093721. [PMID: 27141379 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1093721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Missing self recognition makes cancer sensitive to natural killer cell (NKc) reactivity. However, this model disregards the NKc licensing effect, which highly increases NKc reactivity through interactions of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIR) with their cognate HLA-I ligands. The influence of iKIR/HLA-ligand (HLA-C1/C2) licensing interactions on the susceptibility to and progression of plasma cell (PC) dyscrasias was evaluated in 164 Caucasian patients and 286 controls. Compared to controls, myeloma accumulates KIR2DL1-L2+L3- genotypes (2.8% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.01, OR = 5.29) and less diverse peripheral repertoires of NKc clones. Less diverse and weaker-affinity repertoires of iKIR2D/HLA-C licensing interactions increased myeloma susceptibility. Thus, the complete absence of conventional iKIR2D/HLA-C licensing interactions (KIR2DL1-L2+L3-/C2C2, 2.56% vs. 0.35%; p < 0.05; OR = 15.014), single-KIR2DL3+/C1+ (20.51% vs. 10.84%; p < 0.05; OR = 2.795) and single-KIR2DL2+/C1+ (12.82% vs. 4.9%; p < 0.01; OR = 5.18) interactions were over-represented in myeloma, compared to controls. Additionally, KIR2DL1-L2+L3- (20% vs. 83%, p < 0.00001) as well as KIR3DL1- (23% vs. 82%, p < 0.00001) genotypes had a dramatic negative impact on the 3-y progression-free survival (PFS), particularly in patients with low-tumor burden. Remarkably, myeloma-PCs, compared to K562 and other hematological cancers, showed substantial over-expression of HLA-I ("increasing-self" instead of missing-self), including HLA-C, and mild expression of ligands for NKc activating receptors (aRec) CD112, CD155, ULBP-1 and MICA/B, which apparently renders myeloma-PCs susceptible to lysis mainly by licensed NKc. KIR2DL1-L2+L3-/C2C2 patients (with no conventional iKIR2D/HLA-C licensing interactions) lyse K562 but barely lyse myeloma-PCs (4% vs. 15%; p < 0.05, compared to controls). These results support a model where immunosurveillance of no-missing-self cancers, e.g., myeloma, mainly depends on NKc licensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Martínez-Sánchez
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - Adela Periago
- Hematology Service, Hospital Rafael Méndez , Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gimeno
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Mrowiec
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - Natividad R Montes-Barqueros
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Campillo
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Bolarin
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - María V Bernardo
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - María R López-Álvarez
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Jose L Fuster
- Hematology Service, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía , Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Alonso
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María R Álvarez-Lopez
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), El Palmar , Murcia, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayajit Das
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine; The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics and Physics; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
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42
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Manser AR, Weinhold S, Uhrberg M. Human KIR repertoires: shaped by genetic diversity and evolution. Immunol Rev 2015; 267:178-96. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf Germany
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43
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Graffmann N, Brands J, Görgens A, Vitoriano da Conceição Castro S, Santourlidis S, Reckert A, Michele I, Ritz-Timme S, Fischer JC, Adjaye J, Kögler G, Giebel B, Uhrberg M. Age-Related Increase of EED Expression in Early Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells is Associated with Global Increase of the Histone Modification H3K27me3. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2018-31. [PMID: 25961873 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from umbilical cord blood exhibit higher differentiation potential and repopulation capacity compared to adult HSPCs. The molecular basis for these functional differences is currently unknown. Upon screening for epigenetic effector genes being differentially expressed in neonatal and adult HSPC subpopulations, the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EED was identified. Even though EED is expressed at comparable amounts in neonatal and adult multipotent HSPCs, early adult lineage committed progenitors of the lymphomyeloid (LM) and erythromyeloid lineages expressed higher EED amounts than neonatal HPCs. We demonstrate that EED overexpression directly leads to higher H3K27me3 levels, a repressive histone modification that is mediated by the PRC2 complex. Quantitative analysis of H3K27me3 levels by FPLC-based ELISA revealed elevated levels in primary blood cells from adults. Besides quantitative changes, gene ontology analysis of the genome-wide H3K27me3 distribution revealed qualitative changes in adult HSPCs with elevated levels in genes associated with nonhematopoietic development pathways. In contrast, H3K4me3 which labels active chromatin was enriched on hematopoietic genes. In vitro differentiation of EED-transfected neonatal HSPCs revealed aberrant expression of the myelopoietic marker CD14, suggesting that EED affects the lymphoid versus myeloid decision processes within the lymphomyeloid lineage. This is in line with LM progenitors having the most pronounced differences in EED expression. Highlighting the dynamic roles of epigenetic modifications in human hematopoiesis, the present data demonstrate shifts in the PRC2-associated histone modification H3K27me3 from birth to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Graffmann
- 1 Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany .,2 Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Brands
- 2 Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- 3 Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Symone Vitoriano da Conceição Castro
- 3 Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany .,4 CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- 2 Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Reckert
- 5 Institute of Forensic Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Michele
- 5 Institute of Forensic Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ritz-Timme
- 5 Institute of Forensic Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes C Fischer
- 2 Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- 1 Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gesine Kögler
- 2 Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- 3 Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- 2 Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Schönberg K, Rudolph J, Vonnahme M, Parampalli Yajnanarayana S, Cornez I, Hejazi M, Manser AR, Uhrberg M, Verbeek W, Koschmieder S, Brümmendorf TH, Brossart P, Heine A, Wolf D. JAK Inhibition Impairs NK Cell Function in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2187-99. [PMID: 25832652 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ruxolitinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of the JAK kinases, which has been approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis, a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), but clinical trials are also being conducted in inflammatory-driven solid tumors. Increased infection rates have been reported in ruxolitinib-treated patients, and natural killer (NK) cells are immune effector cells known to eliminate both virus-infected and malignant cells. On this basis, we sought to compare the effects of JAK inhibition on human NK cells in a cohort of 28 MPN patients with or without ruxolitinib treatment and 24 healthy individuals. NK cell analyses included cell frequency, receptor expression, proliferation, immune synapse formation, and cytokine signaling. We found a reduction in NK cell numbers in ruxolitinib-treated patients that was linked to the appearance of clinically relevant infections. This reduction was likely due to impaired maturation of NK cells, as reflected by an increased ratio in immature to mature NK cells. Notably, the endogenous functional defect of NK cells in MPN was further aggravated by ruxolitinib treatment. In vitro data paralleled these in vivo results, showing a reduction in cytokine-induced NK cell activation. Further, reduced killing activity was associated with an impaired capacity to form lytic synapses with NK target cells. Taken together, our findings offer compelling evidence that ruxolitinib impairs NK cell function in MPN patients, offering an explanation for increased infection rates and possible long-term side effects associated with ruxolitinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schönberg
- Medical Clinic, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Janna Rudolph
- Medical Clinic, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Vonnahme
- Medical Clinic, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Cornez
- Medical Clinic, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Maryam Hejazi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela R Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Medical Clinic, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Medical Clinic, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany.
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Dunphy SE, Guinan KJ, Chorcora CN, Jayaraman J, Traherne JA, Trowsdale J, Pende D, Middleton D, Gardiner CM. 2DL1, 2DL2 and 2DL3 all contribute to KIR phenotype variability on human NK cells. Genes Immun 2015; 16:301-10. [PMID: 25950617 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that function as part of the innate immune system. Their activity is controlled by a range of inhibitory and activating receptors, including the important killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). The KIR are a multi-gene family of receptors that interact with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I family of molecules and are characterised by extensive allelic polymorphism. Their expression on the cell surface of NK cells is highly variable, but the factors responsible for this variability are not yet clearly understood. In the current study, we investigated KIR expression in a healthy human cohort that we had previously characterised in depth at a genetic level, with KIR allele typing and HLA class I ligand genotypes available for all donors (n=198). Allelic polymorphism significantly affected the phenotypic expression of all KIR analysed, whereas HLA ligand background influenced the expression levels of 2DL1 and 2DL3. In particular, we found that although 2DL2 may influence 2DL1 expression, this appears to be owing to variation in 2DL1 copy number. Finally, the inhibitory receptor LILRB1 had higher expression levels in individuals with B/B KIR genotypes, suggesting a possible relationship between KIR and non-KIR receptors, which serves to balance NK cell activation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Dunphy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K J Guinan
- Current address: BioAtlantis Ltd., Kerry Technology Park, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - C Ní Chorcora
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J Jayaraman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge; Division of Immunology, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Traherne
- 1] Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge; Division of Immunology, Cambridge, UK [2] Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Pende
- Immunology Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, Italy
| | - D Middleton
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - C M Gardiner
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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46
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Foley B, Felices M, Cichocki F, Cooley S, Verneris MR, Miller JS. The biology of NK cells and their receptors affects clinical outcomes after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Immunol Rev 2015; 258:45-63. [PMID: 24517425 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their capacity to reject bone marrow allografts in lethally irradiated mice without prior sensitization. Subsequently, human NK cells were detected and defined by their non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxicity toward transformed or virally infected target cells. Karre et al. later proposed 'the missing self hypothesis' to explain the mechanism by which self-tolerant cells could kill targets that had lost self MHC class I. Subsequently, the receptors that recognize MHC class I to mediate tolerance in the host were identified on NK cells. These class I-recognizing receptors contribute to the acquisition of function by a dynamic process known as NK cell education or licensing. In the past, NK cells were assumed to be short lived, but more recently NK cells have been shown to mediate immunologic memory to secondary exposures to cytomegalovirus infection. Because of their ability to lyse tumors with aberrant MHC class I expression and to produce cytokines and chemokines upon activation, NK cells may be primed by many stimuli, including viruses and inflammation, to contribute to a graft-versus-tumor effect. In addition, interactions with other immune cells support the therapeutic potential of NK cells to eradicate tumor and to enhance outcomes after hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree Foley
- Adult, Oncology and Transplantation, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Martin Felices
- Adult, Oncology and Transplantation, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Frank Cichocki
- Adult, Oncology and Transplantation, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Cooley
- Adult, Oncology and Transplantation, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Adult, Oncology and Transplantation, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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47
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De Re V, Caggiari L, De Zorzi M, Repetto O, Zignego AL, Izzo F, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Mangia A, Sansonno D, Racanelli V, De Vita S, Pioltelli P, Vaccher E, Beretta M, Mazzaro C, Libra M, Gini A, Zucchetto A, Cannizzaro R, De Paoli P. Genetic diversity of the KIR/HLA system and susceptibility to hepatitis C virus-related diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117420. [PMID: 25700262 PMCID: PMC4336327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The variability in the association of host innate immune response to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection requires ruling out the possible role of host KIR and HLA genotypes in HCV-related disorders: therefore, we therefore explored the relationships between KIR/HLA genotypes and chronic HCV infection (CHC) as they relate to the risk of HCV-related hepatocarcinoma (HCC) or lymphoproliferative disease progression. Methods and Findings We analyzed data from 396 HCV-positive patients with CHC (n = 125), HCC (118), and lymphoproliferative diseases (153), and 501 HCV-negative patients. All were HIV and HBV negative. KIR-SSO was used to determine the KIR typing. KIR2DL5 and KIR2DS4 variants were performed using PCR and GeneScan analysis. HLA/class-I genotyping was performed using PCR-sequence-based typing. The interaction between the KIR gene and ligand HLA molecules was investigated. Differences in frequencies were estimated using Fisher’s exact test, and Cochran-Armitage trend test. The non-random association of KIR alleles was estimated using the linkage disequilibrium test. We found an association of KIR2DS2/KIR2DL2 genes, with the HCV-related lymphoproliferative disorders. Furthermore, individuals with a HLA-Bw6 KIR3DL1+ combination of genes showed higher risk of developing lymphoma than cryoglobulinemia. KIR2DS3 gene was found to be the principal gene associated with chronic HCV infection, while a reduction of HLA-Bw4 + KIR3DS1+ was associated with an increased risk of developing HCC. Conclusions Our data highlight a role of the innate-system in developing HCV-related disorders and specifically KIR2DS3 and KIR2D genes demonstrated an ability to direct HCV disease progression, and mainly towards lymphoproliferative disorders. Moreover the determination of KIR3D/HLA combination of genes direct the HCV progression towards a lymphoma rather than an hepatic disease. In this contest IFN-α therapy, a standard therapy for HCV-infection and lymphoproliferative diseases, known to be able to transiently enhance the cytotoxicity of NK-cells support the role of NK cells to counterstain HCV-related and lymphoproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valli De Re
- Facility Bio-proteomica/Dir. Sc, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Caggiari
- Facility Bio-proteomica/Dir. Sc, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mariangela De Zorzi
- Facility Bio-proteomica/Dir. Sc, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Ombretta Repetto
- Facility Bio-proteomica/Dir. Sc, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepatobiliary Unit, National Cancer Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, National Cancer Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Maria Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, National Cancer Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Domenico Sansonno
- Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Vita
- Medical and Biological Sciences, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Pietro Pioltelli
- Hematology and Transplant Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vaccher
- Medical Oncology, Centro di riferimento oncologico, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Mazzaro
- Medical Oncology, Centro di riferimento oncologico, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Gini
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Gastroenterology, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Paolo De Paoli
- Facility Bio-proteomica/Dir. Sc, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
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48
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Hejazi M, Manser AR, Fröbel J, Kündgen A, Zhao X, Schönberg K, Germing U, Haas R, Gattermann N, Uhrberg M. Impaired cytotoxicity associated with defective natural killer cell differentiation in myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2015; 100:643-52. [PMID: 25682594 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are well known to mediate anti-leukemic responses in myeloid leukemia but their role in myelodysplastic syndromes is not well understood. Here, in a cohort of newly diagnosed patients (n=75), widespread structural and functional natural killer cell defects were identified. One subgroup of patients (13%) had a selective deficiency of peripheral natural killer cells (count <10/mm(3) blood) with normal frequencies of T and natural killer-like T cells. Natural killer cell-deficient patients were predominantly found in high-risk subgroups and deficiency of these cells was significantly associated with poor prognosis. In the second subgroup, comprising the majority of patients (76%), natural killer cells were present but exhibited poor cytotoxicity. The defect was strongly associated with reduced levels of perforin and granzyme B. Notably, natural killer cell function and arming of cytotoxic granules could be fully reconstituted by in vitro stimulation. Further phenotypic analysis of these patients revealed an immature natural killer cell compartment that was biased towards CD56(bright) cells. The residual CD56(dim) cells exhibited a significant increase of the unlicensed NKG2A(-)KIR(-) subset and a striking reduction in complexity of the repertoire of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that the widespread defects in natural killer cell function occurring in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes are mostly due to either unsuccessful or inefficient generation of mature, functionally competent natural killer cells, which might contribute to disease progression through impaired immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hejazi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela R Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Kündgen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schönberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gattermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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49
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Kuśnierczyk P, Mozer-Lisewska I, Zwolińska K, Kowala-Piaskowska AE, Bura M, Bereszyńska I, Pauli A, Żeromski J. Contribution of genes for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) to the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection and to viremia. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:102-8. [PMID: 25636579 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are an important element of innate immunity against viruses, although their numbers decrease in the liver during chronic HCV infection. NK cells express a large panel of inhibitory and activating receptors. The most polymorphic of these are killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) which are encoded by multiple genes that may be present or absent in given individuals depending on their genotype. This variability results in differential susceptibility to viral infections and diseases, including HCV infection and its consequences. AIMS AND METHODS The aim of this study was to test whether chronical infection with HCV and the viremia levels are associated with any KIR gene in the Polish population. We typed 301 chronically HCV-infected patients and 425 non-infected healthy individuals for the presence or absence of KIR genes and their ligands, HLA-C C1 and C2 groups as well as HLA-B and HLA-A Bw4-positive alleles. RESULTS We found that males, but not females, possessing KIR2DS2 and KIR2DL2 genes had a 1.7 higher probability to become chronically HCV-infected than males negative for these genes (p=0.0213). In accord with this, centromeric B region, containing KIR2DS2 and KIR2DL2 genes, was also associated with chronic HCV infection in males. In addition, patients of both genders possessing KIR2DS3 but not KIR2DS5 gene exhibited, on average, 2.6 lower level of viremia than HCV-infected individuals with other genotypes (p=0.00282). This was evident in those infected at a young age. KIR2DS3-positive patients also had lower mean levels of bilirubin than KIR2DS3-negative ones (p=0.02862). CONCLUSION Our results suggest a contribution of the KIR2DS2 and KIR2DL2 genes (cenB haplotype) to the susceptibility to chronic HCV infection, and an association of the KIR2DS3 gene in the absence of KIR2DS5 with low viremia levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Iwona Mozer-Lisewska
- Chair and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zwolińska
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Bura
- Chair and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Bereszyńska
- Chair and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Pauli
- Chair and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Żeromski
- Chair of Clinical Immunology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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50
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Pical-Izard C, Crocchiolo R, Granjeaud S, Kochbati E, Just-Landi S, Chabannon C, Frassati C, Picard C, Blaise D, Olive D, Fauriat C. Reconstitution of natural killer cells in HLA-matched HSCT after reduced-intensity conditioning: impact on clinical outcome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:429-39. [PMID: 25579888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.11.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) have allowed a broader range of patients to access allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Reconstitution of an effective immune system post-transplant, including natural killer (NK) cells, is critical for both tumor control and infectious disease control or prevention. The development and functions of NK cells in such settings remain elusive. Here we analyzed NK cell development in HLA-matched HSCT from related or unrelated donors, after RIC that included antithymocyte globulin (N = 45 patients). Our data reveal that NK cells quickly recover after RIC-HSCT, irrespective of donor type. Rapidly re-emerging NK cells, however, remain immature for more than 6 months. Effector functions resemble that of immature NK cells because they poorly produce IFN-γ and TNF-α in response to target cell stimulation, despite a rapid acquisition of degranulation ability and MIP-1β production. Strikingly, rapid reconstitution of cytokine production correlates with a lower relapse incidence (P = .01) and a better survival rate (P < .0001) at 1 year post-transplant, whereas degranulation capacity was associated with less relapse (P = .05). Our study demonstrates rapid quantitative reconstitution of the NK cell compartment despite administration of potent immune suppressive drugs as part of the conditioning regimen and after transplantation. However, there is a prolonged persistence of functional defects, the correction of which positively correlates with clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pical-Izard
- Inserm, U1068, Centre Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Roberto Crocchiolo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Onco-Hematology Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- Inserm, U1068, Centre Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eloise Kochbati
- Inserm, U1068, Centre Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvaine Just-Landi
- Inserm, U1068, Centre Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Chabannon
- Inserm, U1068, Centre Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Centre de Thérapie Cellulaire, Département de Biologie du Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Inserm CIC-1049, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapie, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Frassati
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, UMR 7268 ADÉS, Aix-Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Picard
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, UMR 7268 ADÉS, Aix-Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Blaise
- Inserm, U1068, Centre Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Daniel Olive
- Inserm, U1068, Centre Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Fauriat
- Inserm, U1068, Centre Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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