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Nicholas SAE, Helming SR, Ménoret A, Pathoulas C, Xu MM, Hensel J, Kimble AL, Heineman B, Jellison ER, Reese B, Zhou B, Rodriguez-Oquendo A, Vella AT, Murphy PA. Endothelial Immunosuppression in Atherosclerosis : Translational Control by Elavl1/HuR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.605922. [PMID: 39131295 PMCID: PMC11312609 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.605922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques are defined by the accumulation of lipids and immune cells beneath the endothelium of the arterial intima. CD8 T cells are among the most abundant immune cell types in plaque, and conditions linked to their activation correlate with increased levels of cardiovascular disease. As lethal effectors of the immune response, CD8 T cell activation is suppressed at multiple levels. These checkpoints are critical in dampening autoimmune responses, and limiting damage in cardiovascular disease. Endothelial cells are well known for their role in recruiting CD8 T and other hematopoietic cells to low and disturbed flow (LDF) arterial regions that develop plaque, but whether they locally influence CD8 effector functions is unclear. Here, we show that endothelial cells can actively suppress CD8 T cell responses in settings of chronic plaque inflammation, but that this behavior is governed by expression of the RNA-binding protein Embryonic Lethal, Abnormal Vision-Like 1 (Elavl1). In response to immune cell recruitment in plaque, the endothelium dynamically shifts splicing of pre-mRNA and their translation to enhance expression of immune-regulatory proteins including C1q and CD27. This program is immuno-suppressive, and limited by Elavl1. We show this by Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2-mediated deletion of Elavl1 (ECKO), and analysis of changes in translation by Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP). In ECKO mice, the translational shift in chronic inflammation is enhanced, leading to increased ribosomal association of C1q components and other critical regulators of immune response and resulting in a ~70% reduction in plaque CD8 T cells. CITE-seq analysis of the remaining plaque T cells shows that they exhibit lower levels of markers associated with T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, survival, and activation. To understand whether the immunosuppressive mechanism occurred through failed CD8 recruitment or local modulation of T cell responses, we used a novel in vitro co-culture system to show that ECKO endothelial cells suppress CD8 T cell expansion-even in the presence of wild-type myeloid antigen-presenting cells, antigen-specific CD8 T cells, and antigen. Despite the induction of C1q mRNA by T cell co-culture in both wild-type and ECKO endothelial cells, we find C1q protein abundantly expressed only in co-culture with ECKO cells. Together, our data define a novel immune-suppressive transition in the endothelium, reminiscent of the transition of T cells to T-regs, and demonstrate the regulation of this process by Elavl1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Anne E Nicholas
- Center for Vascular Biology and Calhoun Cardiology Center, UCONN Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Stephen R Helming
- Center for Vascular Biology and Calhoun Cardiology Center, UCONN Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Christopher Pathoulas
- Center for Vascular Biology and Calhoun Cardiology Center, UCONN Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Jessica Hensel
- Center for Vascular Biology and Calhoun Cardiology Center, UCONN Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Amy L Kimble
- Center for Vascular Biology and Calhoun Cardiology Center, UCONN Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Brent Heineman
- Center for Vascular Biology and Calhoun Cardiology Center, UCONN Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Bo Reese
- Institute for Systems Genomics - Center for Genome Innovation, UCONN, Storrs, CT
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology and Calhoun Cardiology Center, UCONN Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
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Baek KI, Ryu K. Role of Flow-Sensitive Endothelial Genes in Atherosclerosis and Antiatherogenic Therapeutics Development. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:609-623. [PMID: 38010480 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease which initiates from endothelial dysfunction from genetic and environmental risk factors, including biomechanical forces: blood flow. Endothelial cells (ECs) lining the inner arterial wall regions exposed to disturbed flow are prone to atherosclerosis development, whereas the straight regions exposed to stable flow are spared from the disease. These flow patterns induce genome- and epigenome-wide changes in gene expression in ECs. Through the sweeping changes in gene expression, disturbed flow reprograms ECs from athero-protected cell types under the stable flow condition to pro-atherogenic cell conditions. The pro-atherogenic changes induced by disturbed flow, in combination with additional risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, lead to the progression of atherosclerosis. The flow-sensitive genes and proteins are critical in understanding the mechanisms and serve as novel targets for antiatherogenic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kitae Ryu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, 17, Wauan-Gil, Bongdam-Eup, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18323, Republic of Korea.
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Zang T, Fear MW, Parker TJ, Holland AJA, Martin L, Langley D, Kimble R, Wood FM, Cuttle L. Inflammatory proteins and neutrophil extracellular traps increase in burn blister fluid 24h after burn. Burns 2024; 50:1180-1191. [PMID: 38490838 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Burn wound blister fluid is a valuable matrix for understanding the biological pathways associated with burn injury. In this study, 152 blister fluid samples collected from paediatric burn wounds at three different hospitals were analysed using mass spectrometry proteomic techniques. The protein abundance profile at different days after burn indicated more proteins were associated with cellular damage/repair in the first 24 h, whereas after this point more proteins were associated with antimicrobial defence. The inflammatory proteins persisted at a high level in the blister fluid for more than 7 days. This may indicate that removal of burn blisters prior to two days after burn is optimal to prevent excessive or prolonged inflammation in the wound environment. Additionally, many proteins associated with the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) pathway were increased after burn, further implicating NETs in the post-burn inflammatory response. NET inhibitors may therefore be a potential treatment to reduce post-burn inflammation and coagulation pathology and enhance burn wound healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zang
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tony J Parker
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Burns Unit, Kids Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Martin
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Donna Langley
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy Kimble
- Children's Health Queensland, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leila Cuttle
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Li S, Xu Z, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang X, Zhou Y, Lei D, Zang G, Wang G. Recent advances of mechanosensitive genes in vascular endothelial cells for the formation and treatment of atherosclerosis. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101046. [PMID: 38292174 PMCID: PMC10825297 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its complications are a high-incidence disease worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that blood flow shear has a huge impact on the function of vascular endothelial cells, and it plays an important role in gene regulation of pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic, pro-oxidative stress, and cell permeability. Many important endothelial cell mechanosensitive genes have been discovered, including KLK10, CCN gene family, NRP2, YAP, TAZ, HIF-1α, NF-κB, FOS, JUN, TFEB, KLF2/KLF4, NRF2, and ID1. Some of them have been intensively studied, whereas the relevant regulatory mechanism of other genes remains unclear. Focusing on these mechanosensitive genes will provide new strategies for therapeutic intervention in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Thus, this article reviews the mechanosensitive genes affecting vascular endothelial cells, including classical pathways and some newly screened genes, and summarizes the latest research progress on their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to reveal effective therapeutic targets of drugs and provide new insights for anti-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zichen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yanghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Daoxi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Tamargo IA, Baek KI, Xu C, Kang DW, Kim Y, Andueza A, Williams D, Demos C, Villa-Roel N, Kumar S, Park C, Choi R, Johnson J, Chang S, Kim P, Tan S, Jeong K, Tsuji S, Jo H. HEG1 Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Regulating Stable Flow-Induced KLF2/4 Expression in Endothelial Cells. Circulation 2024; 149:1183-1201. [PMID: 38099436 PMCID: PMC11001532 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in arterial regions of disturbed blood flow, and stable flow (s-flow) protects against atherosclerosis by incompletely understood mechanisms. METHODS Our single-cell RNA-sequencing data using the mouse partial carotid ligation model was reanalyzed, which identified Heart-of-glass 1 (HEG1) as an s-flow-induced gene. HEG1 expression was studied by immunostaining, quantitive polymerase chain reaction, hybridization chain reaction, and Western blot in mouse arteries, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and human coronary arteries. A small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of HEG1 was used to study its function and signaling mechanisms in HAECs under various flow conditions using a cone-and-plate shear device. We generated endothelial-targeted, tamoxifen-inducible HEG1 knockout (HEG1iECKO) mice. To determine the role of HEG1 in atherosclerosis, HEG1iECKO and littermate-control mice were injected with an adeno-associated virus-PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] and fed a Western diet to induce hypercholesterolemia either for 2 weeks with partial carotid ligation or 2 months without the surgery. RESULTS S-flow induced HEG1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in vivo and in vitro. S-flow stimulated HEG1 protein translocation to the downstream side of HAECs and release into the media, followed by increased messenger RNA and protein expression. HEG1 knockdown prevented s-flow-induced endothelial responses, including monocyte adhesion, permeability, and migration. Mechanistically, HEG1 knockdown prevented s-flow-induced KLF2/4 (Kruppel-like factor 2/4) expression by regulating its intracellular binding partner KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped protein 1) and the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5-MEF2 pathway in HAECs. Compared with littermate controls, HEG1iECKO mice exposed to hypercholesterolemia for 2 weeks and partial carotid ligation developed advanced atherosclerotic plaques, featuring increased necrotic core area, thin-capped fibroatheroma, inflammation, and intraplaque hemorrhage. In a conventional Western diet model for 2 months, HEG1iECKO mice also showed an exacerbated atherosclerosis development in the arterial tree in both sexes and the aortic sinus in males but not in females. Moreover, endothelial HEG1 expression was reduced in human coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HEG1 is a novel mediator of atheroprotective endothelial responses to flow and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Tamargo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program (I.A.T., D.W., H.J.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Chenbo Xu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Dong Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Yerin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Aitor Andueza
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Darian Williams
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program (I.A.T., D.W., H.J.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Catherine Demos
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Christian Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Rachel Choi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Janie Johnson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Seowon Chang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Paul Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Sheryl Tan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Kiyoung Jeong
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Shoutaro Tsuji
- Medical Technology & Clinical Engineering, Gunma University of Health and Welfare, Maebashi, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program (I.A.T., D.W., H.J.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (H.J.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Tanaka LY, Kumar S, Gutierre LF, Magnun C, Kajihara D, Kang DW, Laurindo FRM, Jo H. Disturbed flow regulates protein disulfide isomerase A1 expression via microRNA-204. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1327794. [PMID: 38638277 PMCID: PMC11024637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1327794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox processes can modulate vascular pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) is overexpressed during vascular proliferative diseases, regulating thrombus formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress adaptation, and structural remodeling. However, both protective and deleterious vascular effects have been reported for PDIA1, depending on the cell type and underlying vascular condition. Further understanding of this question is hampered by the poorly studied mechanisms underlying PDIA1 expression regulation. Here, we showed that PDIA1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated (average 5-fold) in the intima and media/adventitia following partial carotid ligation (PCL). Our search identified that miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p (miR-204/211), two broadly conserved miRNAs, share PDIA1 as a potential target. MiR-204/211 was downregulated in vascular layers following PCL. In isolated endothelial cells, gain-of-function experiments of miR-204 with miR mimic decreased PDIA1 mRNA while having negligible effects on markers of endothelial activation/stress response. Similar effects were observed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, PDIA1 downregulation by miR-204 decreased levels of the VSMC contractile differentiation markers. In addition, PDIA1 overexpression prevented VSMC dedifferentiation by miR-204. Collectively, we report a new mechanism for PDIA1 regulation through miR-204 and identify its relevance in a model of vascular disease playing a role in VSMC differentiation. This mechanism may be regulated in distinct stages of atherosclerosis and provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y. Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lucas F. Gutierre
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Magnun
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Francisco R. M. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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7
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Chen LJ, Li JYS, Nguyen P, He M, Chen ZB, Subramaniam S, Shyy JYJ, Chien S. Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils unique transcriptomic signatures of endothelial cells and role of ENO1 in response to disturbed flow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318904121. [PMID: 38261622 PMCID: PMC10835041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318904121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Flow patterns exert significant effects on vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to lead to the focal nature of atherosclerosis. Using a step flow chamber to investigate the effects of disturbed shear (DS) and pulsatile shear (PS) on ECs in the same flow channel, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analyses to explore the distinct transcriptomic profiles regulated by DS vs. PS. Integrated analysis identified eight cell clusters and demonstrated that DS induces EC transition from atheroprotective to proatherogenic phenotypes. Using an automated cell type annotation algorithm (SingleR), we showed that DS promoted endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) by inducing the transcriptional phenotypes for inflammation, hypoxia responses, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling, glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. Enolase 1 (ENO1), a key gene in glycolysis, was one of the top-ranked genes in the DS-induced EndMT cluster. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed that the kinetic expression of ENO1 was significantly associated with EndMT and that ENO1 silencing repressed the DS- and TGF-β-induced EC inflammation and EndMT. Consistent with these findings, ENO1 was highly expressed in ECs at the inner curvature of the mouse aortic arch (which is exposed to DS) and atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting its proatherogenic role in vivo. In summary, we present a comprehensive single-cell atlas of ECs in response to different flow patterns within the same flow channel. Among the DS-regulated genes, ENO1 plays an important role in DS-induced EC inflammation and EndMT. These results provide insights into how hemodynamic forces regulate vascular endothelium in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Julie Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Phu Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ming He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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8
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Kotlyarov S. Identification of Important Genes Associated with the Development of Atherosclerosis. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:29-45. [PMID: 36999180 DOI: 10.2174/1566523223666230330091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important medical problems due to its prevalence and significant contribution to the structure of temporary and permanent disability and mortality. Atherosclerosis is a complex chain of events occurring in the vascular wall over many years. Disorders of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and impaired hemodynamics are important mechanisms of atherogenesis. A growing body of evidence strengthens the understanding of the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in individual predisposition and development of atherosclerosis and its clinical outcomes. In addition, hemodynamic changes, lipid metabolism abnormalities, and inflammation are closely related and have many overlapping links in regulation. A better study of these mechanisms may improve the quality of diagnosis and management of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University Named After Academician I.P. Pavlov, Russian Federation
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9
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Tamargo IA, Baek KI, Kim Y, Park C, Jo H. Flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:738-753. [PMID: 37225873 PMCID: PMC10206587 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease continue to be leading causes of death worldwide despite the success of treatments with cholesterol-lowering drugs and drug-eluting stents, raising the need to identify additional therapeutic targets. Interestingly, atherosclerosis preferentially develops in curved and branching arterial regions, where endothelial cells are exposed to disturbed blood flow with characteristic low-magnitude oscillatory shear stress. By contrast, straight arterial regions exposed to stable flow, which is associated with high-magnitude, unidirectional shear stress, are relatively well protected from the disease through shear-dependent, atheroprotective endothelial cell responses. Flow potently regulates structural, functional, transcriptomic, epigenomic and metabolic changes in endothelial cells through mechanosensors and mechanosignal transduction pathways. A study using single-cell RNA sequencing and chromatin accessibility analysis in a mouse model of flow-induced atherosclerosis demonstrated that disturbed flow reprogrammes arterial endothelial cells in situ from healthy phenotypes to diseased ones characterized by endothelial inflammation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-to-immune cell-like transition and metabolic changes. In this Review, we discuss this emerging concept of disturbed-flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells (FIRE) as a potential pro-atherogenic mechanism. Defining the flow-induced mechanisms through which endothelial cells are reprogrammed to promote atherosclerosis is a crucial area of research that could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets to combat the high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Tamargo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yerin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Tang C, Chen G, Wu F, Cao Y, Yang F, You T, Liu C, Li M, Hu S, Ren L, Lu Q, Deng W, Xu Y, Wang G, Jo H, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zabel BA, Zhu L. Endothelial CCRL2 induced by disturbed flow promotes atherosclerosis via chemerin-dependent β2 integrin activation in monocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1811-1824. [PMID: 37279540 PMCID: PMC10405567 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chemoattractants and their cognate receptors are essential for leucocyte recruitment during atherogenesis, and atherosclerotic plaques preferentially occur at predilection sites of the arterial wall with disturbed flow (d-flow). In profiling the endothelial expression of atypical chemoattractant receptors (ACKRs), we found that Ackr5 (CCRL2) was up-regulated in an endothelial subpopulation by atherosclerotic stimulation. We therefore investigated the role of CCRL2 and its ligand chemerin in atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS By analysing scRNA-seq data of the left carotid artery under d-flow and scRNA-seq datasets GSE131776 of ApoE-/- mice from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we found that CCRL2 was up-regulated in one subpopulation of endothelial cells in response to d-flow stimulation and atherosclerosis. Using CCRL2-/-ApoE-/- mice, we showed that CCRL2 deficiency protected against plaque formation primarily in the d-flow areas of the aortic arch in ApoE-/- mice fed high-fat diet. Disturbed flow induced the expression of vascular endothelial CCRL2, recruiting chemerin, which caused leucocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Surprisingly, instead of binding to monocytic CMKLR1, chemerin was found to activate β2 integrin, enhancing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and monocyte adhesion. Moreover, chemerin was found to have protein disulfide isomerase-like enzymatic activity, which was responsible for the interaction of chemerin with β2 integrin, as identified by a Di-E-GSSG assay and a proximity ligation assay. For clinical relevance, relatively high serum levels of chemerin were found in patients with acute atherothrombotic stroke compared to healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that d-flow-induced CCRL2 promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation via a novel CCRL2-chemerin-β2 integrin axis, providing potential targets for the prevention or therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Guona Chen
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiren Cao
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao You
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chu Liu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuhong Hu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiongyu Lu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS), Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- The Ninth Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Rm 509, Bldg 703, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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11
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Rezvan A. PHACTR1 and Atherosclerosis: It's Complicated. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1409-1411. [PMID: 37317846 PMCID: PMC10527601 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rezvan
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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12
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Qin X, Zhu L, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Wu G, Qiu J, Wang G, Qu K, Zhang K, Wu W. Spontaneously Right-Side-Out-Orientated Coupling-Driven ROS-Sensitive Nanoparticles on Cell Membrane Inner Leaflet for Efficient Renovation in Vascular Endothelial Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205093. [PMID: 36703487 PMCID: PMC9951580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic cell membrane camouflaged technology has drawn extensive attention as a feasible and efficient way to realize the biological functions of nanoparticles from the parent cells. As the burgeoning nanotherapeutic, the right-side-out orientation self-assembly and pathological dependent "on-demand" cargo release of cell membrane camouflaged nanocarriers remarkably limit further development for practical applications. In the present study, a spontaneously right-side-out-orientated coupling-driven ROS-sensitive nanotherapeutic has been constructed for target endothelial cells (ECs) repair through the synergistic effects of spontaneously right-side-out-orientated camouflaging. This condition results from the specific affinity between the intracellular domain of key transmembrane receptors band 3 on cell membrane inner leaflet and the corresponding P4.2 peptide-modified nanoparticles without the additional coextrusion. The "on-demand" cargo release results from the pathological ROS-cleavable prodrug. Particularly, the red blood cell camouflaged nanotherapeutics (RBC-LVTNPs) can enhance target drug delivery through low oscillatory shear stress (LSS) blood flow in the injured ECs lesion. Both in vitro and in vivo results collectively confirm that RBC-LVTNPs can restore the damaged ECs and function with the recovered vascular permeability and low inflammation microenvironment. The findings provide a powerful and universal approach for developing the biomimetic cell membrane camouflaged nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesChongqing University Three Gorges HospitalChongqing404000China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesChongqing University Three Gorges HospitalChongqing404000China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
- JinFeng LaboratoryChongqing401329China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesChongqing University Three Gorges HospitalChongqing404000China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesChongqing University Three Gorges HospitalChongqing404000China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
- JinFeng LaboratoryChongqing401329China
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13
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Patel A, Pietromicca JG, Venkatesan M, Maity S, Bard JE, Madesh M, Alevriadou BR. Modulation of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter complex subunit expression by different shear stress patterns in vascular endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15588. [PMID: 36754446 PMCID: PMC9908435 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (m Ca2+ ) uptake occurs via the Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) complex and plays a critical role in mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and apoptosis. MCU complex activity is in part modulated by the expression of its regulatory subunits. Cardiovascular disease models demonstrated altered gene/protein expression of one or multiple subunits in different cells, including vascular endothelial cells (ECs). MCU complex activity was found necessary for stable flow (s-flow)-induced mitophagy and promotion of an atheroprotective EC phenotype. Disturbed flow (d-flow) is known to lead to an atheroprone phenotype. Despite the role of MCU in flow-regulated EC function, flow-induced alterations in MCU complex subunit expression are currently unknown. We exposed cultured human ECs to atheroprotective (steady shear stress, SS) or atheroprone flow (oscillatory shear stress, OS) and measured mRNA and protein levels of the MCU complex members. SS and OS differentially modulated subunit expression at gene/protein levels. Protein expression changes of the core MCU, m Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1) and MCU regulator 1 (MCUR1) subunits in SS- and OS-exposed, compared to static, ECs suggested an enhanced m Ca2+ influx under each flow and a potential contribution to EC dysfunction under OS. In silico analysis of a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset was employed to extract transcript values of MCU subunits in mouse carotid ECs from regions exposed to s-flow or d-flow. Mcu and Mcur1 genes showed significant differences in expression after prolonged exposure to each flow. The differential expression of MCU complex subunits indicated a tight regulation of the complex activity under physiological and pathological hemodynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshar Patel
- Vascular Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Cell, Gene, and Tissue EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo – The State University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Julia G. Pietromicca
- Vascular Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Cell, Gene, and Tissue EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo – The State University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial MedicineUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Soumya Maity
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial MedicineUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Jonathan E. Bard
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at Buffalo – The State University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial MedicineUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - B. Rita Alevriadou
- Vascular Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Cell, Gene, and Tissue EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo – The State University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
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14
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Demos C, Johnson J, Andueza A, Park C, Kim Y, Villa-Roel N, Kang DW, Kumar S, Jo H. Sox13 is a novel flow-sensitive transcription factor that prevents inflammation by repressing chemokine expression in endothelial cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:979745. [PMID: 36247423 PMCID: PMC9561411 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.979745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and occurs preferentially in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow (d-flow) while the stable flow (s-flow) regions are spared. D-flow induces endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis by regulating endothelial gene expression partly through the flow-sensitive transcription factors (FSTFs). Most FSTFs, including the well-known Kruppel-like factors KLF2 and KLF4, have been identified from in vitro studies using cultured endothelial cells (ECs). Since many flow-sensitive genes and pathways are lost or dysregulated in ECs during culture, we hypothesized that many important FSTFs in ECs in vivo have not been identified. We tested the hypothesis by analyzing our recent gene array and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and chromatin accessibility sequencing (scATACseq) datasets generated using the mouse partial carotid ligation model. From the analyses, we identified 30 FSTFs, including the expected KLF2/4 and novel FSTFs. They were further validated in mouse arteries in vivo and cultured human aortic ECs (HAECs). These results revealed 8 FSTFs, SOX4, SOX13, SIX2, ZBTB46, CEBPβ, NFIL3, KLF2, and KLF4, that are conserved in mice and humans in vivo and in vitro. We selected SOX13 for further studies because of its robust flow-sensitive regulation, preferential expression in ECs, and unknown flow-dependent function. We found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of SOX13 increased endothelial inflammatory responses even under the unidirectional laminar shear stress (ULS, mimicking s-flow) condition. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted an RNAseq study in HAECs treated with SOX13 siRNA under shear conditions (ULS vs. oscillatory shear mimicking d-flow). We found 94 downregulated and 40 upregulated genes that changed in a shear- and SOX13-dependent manner. Several cytokines, including CXCL10 and CCL5, were the most strongly upregulated genes in HAECs treated with SOX13 siRNA. The robust induction of CXCL10 and CCL5 was further validated by qPCR and ELISA in HAECs. Moreover, the treatment of HAECs with Met-CCL5, a specific CCL5 receptor antagonist, prevented the endothelial inflammation responses induced by siSOX13. In addition, SOX13 overexpression prevented the endothelial inflammation responses. In summary, SOX13 is a novel conserved FSTF, which represses the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines in ECs under s-flow. Reduction of endothelial SOX13 triggers chemokine expression and inflammatory responses, a major proatherogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Demos
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Janie Johnson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aitor Andueza
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christian Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yerin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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15
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Zhang Y, Guan Q, Wang Z. PTP1B inhibition ameliorates inflammatory injury and dysfunction in ox‑LDL‑induced HUVECs by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway via negative regulation of KLF2. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:467. [PMID: 35747159 PMCID: PMC9204542 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a key pathogenic factor of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated vascular endothelial cells remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible physiological roles and mechanism of PTP1B in atherosclerosis using HUVECs as an in vitro model. PTP1B expression was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase activity assays. Levels of inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and oxidative stress factors, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, were assessed using ELISA and commercially available kits, respectively. Furthermore, TUNEL assay and western blotting were performed to assess the extent of apoptosis-related factors, including Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and Caspase-3. Tube formation assay was used to assess tubule formation ability and western blotting was to analyze VEGFA protein level. Binding sites for the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) on the PTP1B promoter were predicted using the JASPAR database and verified using luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The protein levels of phosphorylated 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), AMPK and SIRT1 were measured using western blotting. The results demonstrated that the PTP1B mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced HUVECs. In addition, ox-LDL-induced HUVECs transfected with short hairpin RNA against PTP1B exhibited a significant increase in cell viability, reduced inflammatory factor levels, apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as increased tubule formation ability. KLF2 was found to negatively regulate the transcriptional activity of PTP1B. KLF2 knockdown reversed the protective effects of PTP1B knockdown on ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. KLF2 knockdown also abolished PTP1B knockdown-triggered AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway activation in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. To conclude, the results of the present study suggested that PTP1B knockdown can prevent ox-LDL-induced inflammatory injury and dysfunction in HUVECs, which is regulated at least in part by the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway through KLF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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16
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Qiu J, Li Y, Wang B, Sun X, Qian D, Ying Y, Zhou J. The Role and Research Progress of Inhibitor of Differentiation 1 in Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:71-79. [PMID: 35049366 PMCID: PMC8863915 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of differentiation 1 has a helix-loop-helix (HLH) structure, belongs to a class of molecules known as the HLH trans-acting factor family, and plays an important role in advancing the cell cycle, promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting cell differentiation. Recent studies have confirmed that inhibitor of differentiation 1 plays an important role in the endothelial-mesenchymal transition of vascular endothelial cells, angiogenesis, reendothelialization after injury, and the formation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. An in-depth understanding of the role of inhibitor of differentiation 1 in atherosclerosis will provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering (NIIME), Ningbo, China
| | - Youhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - BingYu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering (NIIME), Ningbo, China
| | - XinYi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering (NIIME), Ningbo, China
| | - Dingding Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuchen Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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17
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Williams D, Mahmoud M, Liu R, Andueza A, Kumar S, Kang DW, Zhang J, Tamargo I, Villa-Roel N, Baek KI, Lee H, An Y, Zhang L, Tate EW, Bagchi P, Pohl J, Mosnier LO, Diamandis EP, Mihara K, Hollenberg MD, Dai Z, Jo H. Stable flow-induced expression of KLK10 inhibits endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis. eLife 2022; 11:e72579. [PMID: 35014606 PMCID: PMC8806187 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow (d-flow), while regions exposed to stable flow (s-flow) are protected. The proatherogenic and atheroprotective effects of d-flow and s-flow are mediated in part by the global changes in endothelial cell (EC) gene expression, which regulates endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Previously, we identified kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (Klk10, a secreted serine protease) as a flow-sensitive gene in mouse arterial ECs, but its role in endothelial biology and atherosclerosis was unknown. Here, we show that KLK10 is upregulated under s-flow conditions and downregulated under d-flow conditions using in vivo mouse models and in vitro studies with cultured ECs. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and scATAC sequencing (scATACseq) study using the partial carotid ligation mouse model showed flow-regulated Klk10 expression at the epigenomic and transcription levels. Functionally, KLK10 protected against d-flow-induced permeability dysfunction and inflammation in human artery ECs, as determined by NFκB activation, expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte adhesion. Furthermore, treatment of mice in vivo with rKLK10 decreased arterial endothelial inflammation in d-flow regions. Additionally, rKLK10 injection or ultrasound-mediated transfection of Klk10-expressing plasmids inhibited atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. Moreover, KLK10 expression was significantly reduced in human coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerotic plaques compared to those with less severe plaques. KLK10 is a flow-sensitive endothelial protein that serves as an anti-inflammatory, barrier-protective, and anti-atherogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Williams
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Renfa Liu
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Aitor Andueza
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Ian Tamargo
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Kyung-In Baek
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | | | | | - Leran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaUnited States
| | - Laurent O Mosnier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research InstituteSan DiegoUnited States
| | | | - Koichiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
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18
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Li B, Zhang T, Liu M, Cui Z, Zhang Y, Liu M, Liu Y, Sun Y, Li M, Tian Y, Yang Y, Jiang H, Liang D. RNA N6-methyladenosine modulates endothelial atherogenic responses to disturbed flow in mice. eLife 2022; 11:e69906. [PMID: 35001873 PMCID: PMC8794471 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in atheroprone vasculature where human umbilical vein endothelial cells are exposed to disturbed flow. Disturbed flow is associated with vascular inflammation and focal distribution. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of epigenetic regulation in atherosclerosis progression. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA, but its function in endothelial atherogenic progression remains unclear. Here, we show that m6A mediates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway during EC activation to regulate the atherosclerotic process. Oscillatory stress (OS) reduced the expression of methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), the primary m6A methyltransferase. Through m6A sequencing and functional studies, we determined that m6A mediates the mRNA decay of the vascular pathophysiology gene EGFR which leads to EC dysfunction. m6A modification of the EGFR 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) accelerated its mRNA degradation. Double mutation of the EGFR 3'UTR abolished METTL3-induced luciferase activity. Adenovirus-mediated METTL3 overexpression significantly reduced EGFR activation and endothelial dysfunction in the presence of OS. Furthermore, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), an EGFR ligand, was specifically expressed in atheroprone regions without being affected by METTL3. Inhibition of the TSP-1/EGFR axis by using shRNA and AG1478 significantly ameliorated atherogenesis. Overall, our study revealed that METTL3 alleviates endothelial atherogenic progression through m6A-dependent stabilization of EGFR mRNA, highlighting the important role of RNA transcriptomics in atherosclerosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Center for BioinformationBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mengxia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Center for BioinformationBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mingming Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yanan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yongqiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Center for BioinformationBeijingChina
| | - Mengqi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yikui Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Center for BioinformationBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Degang Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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19
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Kumar S, Sur S, Perez J, Demos C, Kang DW, Kim CW, Hu S, Xu K, Yang J, Jo H. Atorvastatin and blood flow regulate expression of distinctive sets of genes in mouse carotid artery endothelium. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:97-130. [PMID: 34696890 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-known pro-atherogenic risk factor and statin is the most effective anti-atherogenic drug that lowers blood cholesterol levels. However, despite systemic hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow (d-flow), while the stable flow (s-flow) regions are spared. Given their predominant effects on endothelial function and atherosclerosis, we tested whether (1) statin and flow regulate the same or independent sets of genes and (2) statin can rescue d-flow-regulated genes in mouse artery endothelial cells in vivo. To test the hypotheses, C57BL/6 J mice (8-week-old male, n=5 per group) were pre-treated with atorvastatin (10mg/kg/day, Orally) or vehicle for 5 days. Thereafter, partial carotid ligation (PCL) surgery to induce d-flow in the left carotid artery (LCA) was performed, and statin or vehicle treatment was continued. The contralateral right carotid artery (RCA) remained exposed to s-flow to be used as the control. Two days or 2 weeks post-PCL surgery, endothelial-enriched RNAs from the LCAs and RCAs were collected and subjected to microarray gene expression analysis. Statin treatment in the s-flow condition (RCA+statin versus RCA+vehicle) altered the expression of 667 genes at 2-day and 187 genes at 2-week timepoint, respectively (P<0.05, fold change (FC)≥±1.5). Interestingly, statin treatment in the d-flow condition (LCA+statin versus LCA+vehicle) affected a limited number of genes: 113 and 75 differentially expressed genes at 2-day and 2-week timepoint, respectively (P<0.05, FC≥±1.5). In contrast, d-flow in the vehicle groups (LCA+vehicle versus RCA+vehicle) differentially regulated 4061 genes at 2-day and 3169 genes at 2-week timepoint, respectively (P<0.05, FC≥±1.5). Moreover, statin treatment did not reduce the number of flow-sensitive genes (LCA+statin versus RCA+statin) compared to the vehicle groups: 1825 genes at 2-day and 3788 genes at 2-week, respectively, were differentially regulated (P<0.05, FC≥±1.5). These results revealed that both statin and d-flow regulate expression of hundreds or thousands of arterial endothelial genes, respectively, in vivo. Further, statin and d-flow regulate independent sets of endothelial genes. Importantly, statin treatment did not reverse d-flow-regulated genes except for a small number of genes. These results suggest that both statin and flow play important independent roles in atherosclerosis development and highlight the need to consider their therapeutic implications for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sanjoli Sur
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Julian Perez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Catherine Demos
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sarah Hu
- Thrombosis Research Unit, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrence, NJ, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Thrombosis Research Unit, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrence, NJ, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Thrombosis Research Unit, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrence, NJ, United States
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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20
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Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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21
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Jank M, von Niessen N, Olivier CB, Schmitt H, Anto-Michel N, Hilgendorf I, Bode C, Moser M, Esser JS, Zhou Q. Platelet Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Mediates Vascular Inflammation and Neointima Formation after Arterial Injury. Cells 2021; 10:2027. [PMID: 34440796 PMCID: PMC8394465 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of platelet bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-4 during vascular inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of carotid wire injury. Transgenic mice with a platelet-specific deletion of BMP-4 (BMP4Plt-/-) were generated. Intravital microscopy was performed to evaluate leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall. Expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines were analyzed. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) were evaluated using flow cytometry. For carotid wire injury, BMP4Plt-/- mice were further crossed with LDLr-/- mice (BMP4Plt-/-/LDLr-/-) and fed with a high cholesterol diet for 2-weeks. Carotid wire injury was performed, and re-endothelialization and neointimal formation were evaluated. In comparison to the control mice, stimulation with TNFα resulted in fewer rolling and adherent leukocytes to the vessel wall in the BMP4Plt-/- mice. mRNA and protein expression of P-selectin and adhesion molecules were reduced in the aorta of the BMP4Plt-/- mice. In platelets from the BMP4Plt-/- mice, the expression of P-selectin was reduced, and fewer PLA formations were measured than in the control mice. Loss of platelet BMP-4 further prevented neointima formation after carotid wire injury. Endothelial regeneration after injury was decelerated in the BMP4Plt-/- mice, and confirmed in-vitro, where the deletion of platelet BMP-4 inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and migration. We demonstrate for the first time that platelet BMP-4 is involved during vascular inflammation and remodeling. This is partially mediated by the inhibition of platelet activation, reduced expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory responses. Our findings identify platelet BMP-4 as a mediator of vascular inflammation in early atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Jank
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
| | - Nikolaus von Niessen
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
| | - Christoph B. Olivier
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
| | - Hannah Schmitt
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
| | - Nathaly Anto-Michel
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
| | - Martin Moser
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
| | - Jennifer S. Esser
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
| | - Qian Zhou
- University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.J.); (N.v.N.); (C.B.O.); (H.S.); (N.A.-M.); (I.H.); (C.B.); (M.M.); (J.S.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Li F, Yan K, Wu L, Zheng Z, Du Y, Liu Z, Zhao L, Li W, Sheng Y, Ren L, Tang C, Zhu L. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals cellular heterogeneity of mouse carotid artery under disturbed flow. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:180. [PMID: 34282126 PMCID: PMC8290019 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed blood flow (d-flow) has been known to induce changes of the cells in the arterial wall, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. However, the heterogeneity of the vascular cell populations under d-flow remains less understood. To generate d-flow in vivo, partial carotid artery ligation (PCL) was performed. Seven days after ligation, single-cell RNA sequencing of nine left carotid arteries (LCA) from the PCL group (10,262 cells) or control group (14,580 cells) was applied and a single-cell atlas of gene expression was constructed. The integrated analysis identified 15 distinct carotid cell clusters, including 10 d-flow-relevant subpopulations. Among endothelial cells, at least four subpopulations were identified, including Klk8hi ECs, Lrp1hi ECs, Dkk2hi ECs, and Cd36hi ECs. Analysis of GSVA and single-cell trajectories indicated that the previously undescribed Dkk2hi ECs subpopulation was mechanosensitive and potentially transformed from Klk8hi ECs under d-flow. D-flow-induced Spp1hi VSMCs subpopulation that appeared to be endowed with osteoblast differentiation, suggesting a role in arterial stiffness. Among the infiltrating cell subpopulations, Trem2hi Mφ, Birc5hi Mφ, DCs, CD4+ T cells, CXCR6+ T cells, NK cells, and granulocytes were identified under d-flow. Of note, the novel Birc5hi Mφ was identified as a potential contributor to the accumulation of macrophages in atherosclerosis. Finally, Dkk2hi ECs, and Cd36hi ECs were also found in the proatherosclerotic area of the aorta where the d-flow occurs. In conclusion, we presented a comprehensive single-cell atlas of all cells in the carotid artery under d-flow, identified previously unrecognized cell subpopulations and their gene expression signatures, and suggested their specialized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchan Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunmin Yan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Du
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziting Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulan Sheng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Koh JS, Gogas BD, Kumar S, Benham JJ, Sur S, Spilias N, Kumar A, Giddens DP, Rapoza R, Kereiakes DJ, Stone G, Jo H, Samady H. Very late vasomotor responses and gene expression with bioresorbable scaffolds and metallic drug-eluting stents. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 98:723-732. [PMID: 34164905 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the long-term vasomotor response and inflammatory changes in Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) and metallic drug-eluting stent (DES) implanted artery. BACKGROUND Clinical evidence has demonstrated that compared to DES, BVS is associated with higher rates of target lesion failure. However, it is not known whether the higher event rates observed with BVS are related to endothelial dysfunction or inflammation associated with polymer degradation. METHODS Ten Absorb BVS and six Xience V DES were randomly implanted in the main coronaries of six nonatherosclerotic swine. At 4-years, vasomotor response was evaluated in vivo by quantitative coronary angiography response to intracoronary infusion of Ach and ex vivo by the biomechanical response to prostaglandin F2-α (PGF2-α), substance P and bradykinin and gene expression analysis. RESULTS Absorb BVS implanted arteries showed significantly restored vasoconstrictive responses after Ach compared to in-stent Xience V. The contractility of Absorb BVS treated segments induced by PGF2-α was significantly greater compared to Xience V treated segments and endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation was greater with Absorb BVS compared to Xience V. Gene expression analyses indicated the pro-inflammatory lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTβR) signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in arteries treated with a metallic stent compared to Absorb BVS treated arterial segments. CONCLUSIONS At 4 years, arteries treated with Absorb BVS compared with Xience V, demonstrate significantly greater restoration of vasomotor responses. Genetic analysis suggests mechanobiologic reparation of Absorb BVS treated arteries at 4 years as opposed to Xience V treated vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sin Koh
- The Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bill D Gogas
- The Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sanjoli Sur
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikolaos Spilias
- The Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arnav Kumar
- The Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Don P Giddens
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Dean J Kereiakes
- The Ohio Heart and Vascular Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregg Stone
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- The Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, GA, USA
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24
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Cheng M, Liu Q, Liu W, Yuan F, Feng J, Jin Y, Tu L. Engineering micelles for the treatment and diagnosis of atherosclerosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Zhang H, Cheng S, Wen W, Xu L, Zhang F, Yang Y, Wang L, Chen J. Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients and validation of atherosclerosis associated critical regulatory network. Genomics 2021; 113:2572-2582. [PMID: 34052320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare, life-threatening genetic disorder characterized by an extremely elevated serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and accelerated premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, the detailed mechanism of how the pathogenic mutations of HoFH trigger the acceleration of ASCVD is not well understood. Therefore, we performed high-throughput RNA and small RNA sequencing on the peripheral blood RNA samples of six HoFH patients and three healthy controls. The gene and miRNA expression differences were analyzed, and seven miRNAs and six corresponding genes were screened out through regulatory network analysis. Validation through quantitative PCR of genes and miRNAs from 52 HoFH patients and 20 healthy controls revealed that the expression levels of hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-941, and BIRC5 were significantly upregulated in HoFH, while ID1, PLA2G4C, and CACNA2D2 were downregulated. Spearman correlation analysis found that the levels of ID1, hsa-miR-941, and hsa-miR-486-3p were significantly correlated with additional ASCVD risk factors in HoFH patients. This study represents the first integrated analysis of transcriptome and miRNA expression profiles in patients with HoFH, a rare disease, and as a result, six differentially expressed miRNAs/genes that may be related to atherosclerosis in HoFH are reported. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network may be the critical regulation mechanism by which ASCVD is accelerated in HoFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Cardiovascular, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006,China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shitong Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenhui Wen
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liyuan Xu
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Luya Wang
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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26
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Murphy PA, Jailkhani N, Nicholas SA, Del Rosario AM, Balsbaugh JL, Begum S, Kimble A, Hynes RO. Alternative Splicing of FN (Fibronectin) Regulates the Composition of the Arterial Wall Under Low Flow. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e18-e32. [PMID: 33207933 PMCID: PMC8428803 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure of the arterial endothelium to low and disturbed flow is a risk factor for the erosion and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and aneurysms. Circulating and locally produced proteins are known to contribute to an altered composition of the extracellular matrix at the site of lesions, and to contribute to inflammatory processes within the lesions. We have previously shown that alternative splicing of FN (fibronectin) protects against flow-induced hemorrhage. However, the impact of alternative splicing of FN on extracellular matrix composition remains unknown. Approach and Results: Here, we perform quantitative proteomic analysis of the matrisome of murine carotid arteries in mice deficient in the production of FN splice isoforms containing alternative exons EIIIA and EIIIB (FN-EIIIAB null) after exposure to low and disturbed flow in vivo. We also examine serum-derived and endothelial-cell contributions to the matrisome in a simplified in vitro system. We found flow-induced differences in the carotid artery matrisome that were impaired in FN-EIIIAB null mice. One of the most interesting differences was reduced recruitment of FBLN1 (fibulin-1), abundant in blood and not locally produced in the intima. This defect was validated in our in vitro assay, where FBLN1 recruitment from serum was impaired by the absence of these alternatively spliced segments. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the extent of the dynamic alterations in the matrisome in the acute response to low and disturbed flow and show how changes in the splicing of FN, a common response in vascular inflammation and remodeling, can affect matrix composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Murphy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Noor Jailkhani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | | | - Shahinoor Begum
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | | | - Richard O. Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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27
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Andueza A, Kumar S, Kim J, Kang DW, Mumme HL, Perez JI, Villa-Roel N, Jo H. Endothelial Reprogramming by Disturbed Flow Revealed by Single-Cell RNA and Chromatin Accessibility Study. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108491. [PMID: 33326796 PMCID: PMC7801938 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed flow (d-flow) induces atherosclerosis by regulating gene expression in endothelial cells (ECs). For further mechanistic understanding, we carried out a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and scATAC-seq study using endothelial-enriched single cells from the left- and right carotid artery exposed to d-flow (LCA) and stable-flow (s-flow in RCA) using the mouse partial carotid ligation (PCL) model. We find eight EC clusters along with immune cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Analyses of marker genes, pathways, and pseudotime reveal that ECs are highly heterogeneous and plastic. D-flow induces a dramatic transition of ECs from atheroprotective phenotypes to pro-inflammatory cells, mesenchymal (EndMT) cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial stem/progenitor cells, and an unexpected immune cell-like (EndICLT) phenotypes. While confirming KLF4/KLF2 as an s-flow-sensitive transcription factor binding site, we also find those sensitive to d-flow (RELA, AP1, STAT1, and TEAD1). D-flow reprograms ECs from atheroprotective to proatherogenic phenotypes, including EndMT and potentially EndICLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Andueza
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hope L Mumme
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julian I Perez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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28
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Karthika CL, Ahalya S, Radhakrishnan N, Kartha CC, Sumi S. Hemodynamics mediated epigenetic regulators in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:125-143. [PMID: 32844345 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium of blood vessels is continuously exposed to various hemodynamic forces. Flow-mediated epigenetic plasticity regulates vascular endothelial function. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of mechanosensing-related epigenetics in localized endothelial dysfunction and the regional susceptibility for lesions in vascular diseases. In this article, we review the epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA de/methylation, histone modifications, as well as non-coding RNAs in promoting endothelial dysfunction in major arterial and venous diseases, consequent to hemodynamic alterations. We also discuss the current challenges and future prospects for the use of mechanoepigenetic mediators as biomarkers of early stages of vascular diseases and dysregulated mechanosensing-related epigenetic regulators as therapeutic targets in various vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Karthika
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - S Ahalya
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - N Radhakrishnan
- St.Thomas Institute of Research on Venous Diseases, Changanassery, Kerala, India
| | - C C Kartha
- Society for Continuing Medical Education & Research (SOCOMER), Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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29
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Effect of statin therapy on plasma C-type Natriuretic Peptides and Endothelin-1 in males with and without symptomatic coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7927. [PMID: 32404888 PMCID: PMC7220949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) have reciprocal roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis and are acutely modulated by statins in human cultured endothelial cells. Whether these actions of statins in vitro are reflected in studies in vivo is unknown. In a prospective study of 66 subjects with or without post- acute coronary syndrome (ACS), plasma concentrations of bioactive CNP and bio-inactive aminoterminal proCNP (NTproCNP), ET-1, B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and high sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) were measured together with lipids before and at intervals of 1, 2 and 7 days after commencing atorvastatin 40 mg/day - and for a further period of 6months in those with ACS. Plasma lipids fell significantly in all subjects but plasma CNP, NTproCNP and ET-1 were unchanged by atorvastatin. In ACS, baseline hsCRP, BNP and CNP but not NTproCNP or ET-1 were significantly raised compared to values in age-matched controls. The ratio of NTproCNP to CNP was significantly lower in ACS throughout the study and was unaffected by statin therapy. We conclude that conventional doses of atorvastatin do not affect plasma CNP products or ET-1. Elevated CNP after cardiac injury likely results from regulated changes in clearance, not enhanced production.
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30
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Harding IC, Mitra R, Mensah SA, Nersesyan A, Bal NN, Ebong EE. Endothelial barrier reinforcement relies on flow-regulated glycocalyx, a potential therapeutic target. Biorheology 2020; 56:131-149. [PMID: 30988234 DOI: 10.3233/bir-180205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of many disease processes depends on the function of the endothelial cell (EC) glycocalyx (GCX) which acts as a flow-dependent barrier to cellular infiltration and molecular transport across the blood vessel wall. OBJECTIVE This review aims to examine these processes with the potential end goal of implementing GCX repair to restore EC barrier function and slow the progression of disease. METHODS Cell and mouse studies were employed to examine the state of EC GCX in healthy versus disruptive flow conditions. Correlations of observations of the GCX with a number of EC functions were sought with an emphasis on studies of trans-endothelial barrier integrity against vessel wall infiltration of cells and molecules from the circulation. To demonstrate the importance of GCX as a regulator of trans-endothelial infiltration, assays were performed using ECs with an intact GCX and compared to assays of ECs with an experimentally degraded GCX. Studies were also conducted of ECs in which a degraded GCX was repaired. RESULTS In healthy flow conditions, the EC GCX was found to be thick and substantially covered the endothelial surface. GCX expression dropped significantly in complex flow conditions and coincided with a disease-like cellular and molecular accumulation in the endothelium or within the blood vessel wall. Therapeutic repair of the GCX abolished this accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Regenerating the degraded GCX reverses EC barrier dysfunction and may attenuate the progression of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Harding
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronodeep Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Solomon A Mensah
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alina Nersesyan
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nandita N Bal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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31
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Sangha GS, Goergen CJ. Label-free photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging for murine atherosclerosis characterization. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:026102. [PMID: 32266325 PMCID: PMC7127913 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-modality photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and 4D ultrasound (4DUS) imaging have shown promise for cardiovascular applications, but their use in murine atherosclerosis imaging is limited. This study used PAT and 4DUS to correlate altered arterial strain and hemodynamics to morphological changes and lipid localization in a murine partial carotid ligation (PCL) model of atherosclerosis. Validation experiments showed a positive correlation between the PAT signal-to-noise ratio and plaque lipid composition obtained from oil-red O histology. Cross-sectional in situ PAT and longitudinal in vivo ultrasound imaging was performed using a 40 MHz transducer. Ultrasound timepoints included days 0, 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 for hemodynamic and strain assessment, and 1100 nm and 1210 nm PAT was implemented at the study end point for hemoglobin and lipid characterization. These study groups were then separated into day 4 post-PCL with (n = 5) and without (n = 6) Western diet feeding, as well as days 7 (n = 8), 10 (n = 8), and 14 (n = 8) post-PCL, in addition to a sham control group on a Western diet (n = 5). Overall, our data revealed a substantial decrease in left carotid artery pulsatility by day 7. The hemodynamic results suggested greater disturbed flow in the caudal regions resulting in earlier vessel stenosis and greater lipid deposition than cranial regions. Morphological and compositional data revealed heterogeneous vascular remodeling between days 0 and 7, with a rapid decrease in the vessel volume/length and the presence of both intraplaque hematoma and lipid deposition at day 10 post-PCL. These results highlight the utility of utilizing dual-modality PAT and 4DUS to study atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet S Sangha
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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32
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Triggle CR, Ding H, Marei I, Anderson TJ, Hollenberg MD. Why the endothelium? The endothelium as a target to reduce diabetes-associated vascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:415-430. [PMID: 32150686 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 66 years, our knowledge of the role of the endothelium in the regulation of cardiovascular function and dysfunction has advanced from the assumption that it is a single layer of cells that serves as a barrier between the blood stream and vascular smooth muscle to an understanding of its role as an essential endocrine-like organ. In terms of historical contributions, we pay particular credit to (1) the Canadian scientist Dr. Rudolf Altschul who, based on pathological changes in the appearance of the endothelium, advanced the argument in 1954 that "one is only as old as one's endothelium" and (2) the American scientist Dr. Robert Furchgott, a 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine, who identified the importance of the endothelium in the regulation of blood flow. This review provides a brief history of how our knowledge of endothelial function has advanced and now recognize that the endothelium produces a plethora of signaling molecules possessing paracrine, autocrine, and, arguably, systemic hormone functions. In addition, the endothelium is a therapeutic target for the anti-diabetic drugs metformin, glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) that offset the vascular disease associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hong Ding
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra Marei
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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33
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Mahmoud M, Souilhol C, Serbanovic-Canic J, Evans P. GATA4-Twist1 Signalling in Disturbed Flow-Induced Atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 33:231-237. [PMID: 30809744 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction (enhanced inflammation, proliferation and permeability) is the initial trigger for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis shows preferential development near branches and bends exposed to disturbed blood flow. By contrast, sites that are exposed to non-disturbed blood flow are atheroprotected. Disturbed flow promotes atherosclerosis by promoting EC dysfunction. Blood flow controls EC function through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that are incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified the developmental transcription factors Twist1 and GATA4 as being enriched in EC at disturbed flow, atheroprone regions of the porcine aorta in a microarray study. Further work using the porcine and murine aortae demonstrated that Twist1 and GATA4 expression was enhanced at the atheroprone, disturbed flow sites in vivo. Using controlled in vitro flow systems, the expression of Twist1 and GATA4 was enhanced under disturbed compared to non-disturbed flow in cultured cells. Disturbed flow promoted Twist1 expression through a GATA4-mediated transcriptional mechanism as revealed by a series of in vivo and in vitro studies. GATA4-Twist1 signalling promoted EC proliferation, inflammation, permeability and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) under disturbed flow, leading to atherosclerosis development, as shown in a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies using GATA4 and Twist1-specific siRNA and EC-specific GATA4 and Twist1 Knock out (KO) mice. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that GATA4-Twist1-Snail signalling triggers EC dysfunction and atherosclerosis; this work could lead to the development of novel anti-atherosclerosis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jovana Serbanovic-Canic
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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34
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Seo Y, Park J, Choi W, Ju Son D, Sung Kim Y, Kim MK, Yoon BE, Pyee J, Tae Hong J, Go YM, Park H. Antiatherogenic Effect of Resveratrol Attributed to Decreased Expression of ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:675-684. [PMID: 30786743 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Increasing evidence shows that resveratrol has antiatherogenic effects, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. Thus, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiatherogenic effect of resveratrol. Approach and Results- Using the previously established mouse atherosclerosis model of partial ligation of the left carotid artery, we evaluated the role of resveratrol in antiatherosclerosis. We attempted to determine the mechanisms associated with focal adhesions using vascular endothelial cells. The results showed that resveratrol stimulated focal adhesion kinase cleavage via resveratrol-increased expression of lactoferrin in endothelial cells. Furthermore, we found that an N-terminal focal adhesion kinase fragment cleaved by resveratrol contained the FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, and moesin)-kinase domain. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated adhesion of THP-1 human monocytes by decreased expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). A decreased ICAM-1 level was also observed in the left carotid artery of mice treated with resveratrol. To understand the relationship between resveratrol-induced antiinflammation and focal adhesion disruption, endothelial cells were transfected with FERM-kinase. Ectopically expressed FERM-kinase, the resveratrol-cleaved focal adhesion kinase fragment, was found in the nuclear fraction and inhibited the transcription level of icam-1 via the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)-antioxidant response element complex. Finally, ectopically expressed FERM-kinase blocked tumor necrosis factor-α- or IL- (interleukin) stimulated monocytic binding to endothelial cells. Conclusions- Our results show that resveratrol inhibits the expression of ICAM-1 via transcriptional regulation of the FERM-kinase and Nrf2 interaction, thereby blocking monocyte adhesion. These suppressive effects on the inflammatory mechanism suggest that resveratrol delayed the onset of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsik Seo
- From the Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea (Y.S., J. Park, W.C., Y.S.K., M.-K.K., B.-E.Y., J. Pyee, H.P.)
| | - Jinsun Park
- From the Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea (Y.S., J. Park, W.C., Y.S.K., M.-K.K., B.-E.Y., J. Pyee, H.P.)
| | - Woosoung Choi
- From the Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea (Y.S., J. Park, W.C., Y.S.K., M.-K.K., B.-E.Y., J. Pyee, H.P.)
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, South Korea (D.J.S., J.T.H.)
| | - Yoo Sung Kim
- From the Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea (Y.S., J. Park, W.C., Y.S.K., M.-K.K., B.-E.Y., J. Pyee, H.P.)
| | - Min-Kyun Kim
- From the Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea (Y.S., J. Park, W.C., Y.S.K., M.-K.K., B.-E.Y., J. Pyee, H.P.)
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- From the Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea (Y.S., J. Park, W.C., Y.S.K., M.-K.K., B.-E.Y., J. Pyee, H.P.)
| | - Jaeho Pyee
- From the Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea (Y.S., J. Park, W.C., Y.S.K., M.-K.K., B.-E.Y., J. Pyee, H.P.)
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, South Korea (D.J.S., J.T.H.)
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-M.G.)
| | - Heonyong Park
- From the Department of Molecular Biology & Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea (Y.S., J. Park, W.C., Y.S.K., M.-K.K., B.-E.Y., J. Pyee, H.P.)
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Souilhol C, Serbanovic-Canic J, Fragiadaki M, Chico TJ, Ridger V, Roddie H, Evans PC. Endothelial responses to shear stress in atherosclerosis: a novel role for developmental genes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:52-63. [PMID: 31366922 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-41019-40239-41565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flowing blood generates a frictional force called shear stress that has major effects on vascular function. Branches and bends of arteries are exposed to complex blood flow patterns that exert low or low oscillatory shear stress, a mechanical environment that promotes vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Conversely, physiologically high shear stress is protective. Endothelial cells are critical sensors of shear stress but the mechanisms by which they decode complex shear stress environments to regulate physiological and pathophysiological responses remain incompletely understood. Several laboratories have advanced this field by integrating specialized shear-stress models with systems biology approaches, including transcriptome, methylome and proteome profiling and functional screening platforms, for unbiased identification of novel mechanosensitive signalling pathways in arteries. In this Review, we describe these studies, which reveal that shear stress regulates diverse processes and demonstrate that multiple pathways classically known to be involved in embryonic development, such as BMP-TGFβ, WNT, Notch, HIF1α, TWIST1 and HOX family genes, are regulated by shear stress in arteries in adults. We propose that mechanical activation of these pathways evolved to orchestrate vascular development but also drives atherosclerosis in low shear stress regions of adult arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jovana Serbanovic-Canic
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria Fragiadaki
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy J Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Bateson Centre for Lifecourse Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Roddie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Bateson Centre for Lifecourse Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Souilhol C, Serbanovic-Canic J, Fragiadaki M, Chico TJ, Ridger V, Roddie H, Evans PC. Endothelial responses to shear stress in atherosclerosis: a novel role for developmental genes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:52-63. [PMID: 31366922 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Flowing blood generates a frictional force called shear stress that has major effects on vascular function. Branches and bends of arteries are exposed to complex blood flow patterns that exert low or low oscillatory shear stress, a mechanical environment that promotes vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Conversely, physiologically high shear stress is protective. Endothelial cells are critical sensors of shear stress but the mechanisms by which they decode complex shear stress environments to regulate physiological and pathophysiological responses remain incompletely understood. Several laboratories have advanced this field by integrating specialized shear-stress models with systems biology approaches, including transcriptome, methylome and proteome profiling and functional screening platforms, for unbiased identification of novel mechanosensitive signalling pathways in arteries. In this Review, we describe these studies, which reveal that shear stress regulates diverse processes and demonstrate that multiple pathways classically known to be involved in embryonic development, such as BMP-TGFβ, WNT, Notch, HIF1α, TWIST1 and HOX family genes, are regulated by shear stress in arteries in adults. We propose that mechanical activation of these pathways evolved to orchestrate vascular development but also drives atherosclerosis in low shear stress regions of adult arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jovana Serbanovic-Canic
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria Fragiadaki
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy J Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Bateson Centre for Lifecourse Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Roddie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Bateson Centre for Lifecourse Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Singh MV, Kotla S, Le NT, Ae Ko K, Heo KS, Wang Y, Fujii Y, Thi Vu H, McBeath E, Thomas TN, Jin Gi Y, Tao Y, Medina JL, Taunton J, Carson N, Dogra V, Doyley MM, Tyrell A, Lu W, Qiu X, Stirpe NE, Gates KJ, Hurley C, Fujiwara K, Maggirwar SB, Schifitto G, Abe JI. Senescent Phenotype Induced by p90RSK-NRF2 Signaling Sensitizes Monocytes and Macrophages to Oxidative Stress in HIV-Positive Individuals. Circulation 2019; 139:1199-1216. [PMID: 30586719 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cardiovascular disease is higher in HIV-positive (HIV+) patients than it is in the average population, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that link cART and cardiovascular disease are currently unknown. Our study explores the role of the activation of p90RSK, a reactive oxygen species-sensitive kinase, in engendering senescent phenotype in macrophages and accelerating atherogenesis in patients undergoing cART. METHODS Peripheral whole blood from cART-treated HIV+ individuals and nontreated HIV-negative individuals was treated with H2O2 (200 µmol/L) for 4 minutes, and p90RSK activity in CD14+ monocytes was measured. Plaque formation in the carotids was also analyzed in these individuals. Macrophage senescence was determined by evaluating their efferocytotic ability, antioxidation-related molecule expression, telomere length, and inflammatory gene expression. The involvement of p90RSK-NRF2 signaling in cART-induced senescence was assessed by p90RSK-specific inhibitor (FMK-MEA) or dominant-negative p90RSK (DN-p90RSK) and NRF2 activator (NRF2A). Further, the severity of atherosclerosis was determined in myeloid cell-specific wild-type and DN-p90RSK transgenic mice. RESULTS Monocytes from HIV+ patients exhibited higher levels of p90RSK activity and were also more sensitive to reactive oxygen species than monocytes from HIV-negative individuals. A multiple linear regression analysis involving cART, Reynolds cardiovascular risk score, and basal p90RSK activity revealed that cART and basal p90RSK activity were the 2 significant determinants of plaque formation. Many of the antiretroviral drugs individually activated p90RSK, which simultaneously triggered all components of the macrophage senescent phenotype. cART inhibited antioxidant response element reporter activity via ERK5 S496 phosphorylation. NRF2A reversed the H2O2-induced overactivation of p90RSK in cART-treated macrophages by countering the induction of senescent phenotype. Last, the data obtained from our gain- or loss-of-function mice conclusively showed the crucial role of p90RSK in inducing senescent phenotype in macrophages and atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS cART increased monocyte/macrophage sensitivity to reactive oxygen species- in HIV+ individuals by suppressing NRF2-ARE activity via p90RSK-mediated ERK5 S496 phosphorylation, which coordinately elicited senescent phenotypes and proinflammatory responses. As such, our report underscores the importance of p90RSK regulation in monocytes/macrophages as a viable biomarker and therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular disease, especially in HIV+ patients treated with cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera V Singh
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (N.-T.L.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX.,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (K.-S.H.)
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Yuka Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Hang Thi Vu
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Elena McBeath
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Tamlyn N Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Yunting Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Jan L Medina
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco (J.T.)
| | - Nancy Carson
- Imaging Sciences (N.C., V.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Vikram Dogra
- Imaging Sciences (N.C., V.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Marvin M Doyley
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (M.M.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Alicia Tyrell
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Wang Lu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Xing Qiu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Nicole E Stirpe
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Kathleen J Gates
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Christine Hurley
- Medicine, Infectious Disease (C.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
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Wang X, Gao S, Dai L, Wang Z, Wu H. Identification of key microRNAs in the carotid arteries of ApoE -/- mice exposed to disturbed flow. Hereditas 2019; 156:35. [PMID: 31719822 PMCID: PMC6833270 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the main causes of cardiovascular disease. AS plaques often occur in blood vessels with oscillatory blood flow and their formation can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). The aim of this study is to identify the key miRNAs and molecular pathways involved in this pathological process. Methods In this study, gene chip data obtained from the GEO database was analyzed using the LIMMA package to find differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) in the carotid arteries of ApoE−/− mice exposed to different blood flow rates. Predicted targets of the DE miRNAs were identified using the TargetScan, miRDB, and DIANA databases respectively, and the potential target genes (PTGs) were found by analyzing the common results of three databases. The DAVID database was used to enrich the PTGs based on gene ontology (GO) and pathway (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG), and the STRING database was used to uncover any protein-protein interactions (PPI) of the PTGs. Results The networks of the DE miRNAs-PTGs, Pathway-PTGs-DE miRNAs, and PTGs PPI, were constructed using Cytoscape, and 11 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated DE miRNAs and 1479 PTGs were found. GO results showed that PTGs were significantly enriched in functions such as transcriptional regulation and DNA binding. KEGG results showed that PTGs were significantly enriched in inflammation-related mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AS-related FOXO pathways. The PPI network revealed some key target genes in the PTGs. Conclusions The analysis of key miRNAs and molecular pathways that regulate the formation of AS plaques induced by oscillatory blood flow will provide new ideas for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Wang
- 1Laboratory of Cell Imaging, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Dongfeng Rd, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Shuibo Gao
- 1Laboratory of Cell Imaging, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Dongfeng Rd, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Liping Dai
- 2School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Zhentao Wang
- 3Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Hong Wu
- 1Laboratory of Cell Imaging, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Dongfeng Rd, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China.,3Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion Alleviates Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Injury Through Regulating P-selectin-dependent and -independent Pathways in Mice. Transplantation 2019; 103:918-928. [PMID: 31033856 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) has been shown to improve the quality of liver donation after circulatory death (DCD) compared to cold storage (CS). However, the mechanism by which HOPE works is unclear. In this study, a mouse liver HOPE system was developed to characterize the role of P-selectin in the protective effect of HOPE on DCD livers. METHODS A warm ischemia model of the liver and an isolated perfused liver system were established to determine a suitable flow rate for HOPE. Perfusate and tissue samples from wild-type and P-selectin knockout (KO) mice were used to determine liver function, apoptosis and necrosis rates, deoxyribonucleic acid injury and oxidative stress levels, leukocyte and endothelial cell activation, and inflammatory reactions. RESULTS A mouse liver HOPE system was successfully established. HOPE at flow rates between 0.1 and 0.5 mL/min · g were shown to have a protective effect on the DCD liver. P-selectin KO improved the quality of the DCD liver in the CS group, and reduction of P-selectin expression in the wild-type HOPE group had similar protective effects. Moreover, there was a reduction in the degree of oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid injury in the P-selectin KO HOPE group compared with the P-selectin KO CS group. CONCLUSIONS We established a mouse HOPE system and determined its suitable flow. We also proved that P-selectin deficiency alleviated DCD liver injury. HOPE protected the DCD liver through regulating P-selectin-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Dehnavi S, Sadeghi M, Penson PE, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The Role of Protein SUMOylation in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1856. [PMID: 31684100 PMCID: PMC6912227 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive, inflammatory cardiovascular disorder characterized by the development of lipid-filled plaques within arteries. Endothelial cell dysfunction in the walls of blood vessels results in an increase in vascular permeability, alteration of the components of the extracellular matrix, and retention of LDL in the sub-endothelial space, thereby accelerating plaque formation. Epigenetic modification by SUMOylation can influence the surface interactions of target proteins and affect cellular functionality, thereby regulating multiple cellular processes. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) can modulate NFκB and other proteins such as p53, KLF, and ERK5, which have critical roles in atherogenesis. Furthermore, SUMO regulates leukocyte recruitment and cytokine release and the expression of adherence molecules. In this review, we discuss the regulation by SUMO and SUMOylation modifications of proteins and pathways involved in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Dehnavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran.
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz 93-338, Poland.
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz 93-338, Poland.
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9188617871, Iran.
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Caradu C, Couffinhal T, Chapouly C, Guimbal S, Hollier PL, Ducasse E, Bura-Rivière A, Dubois M, Gadeau AP, Renault MA. Restoring Endothelial Function by Targeting Desert Hedgehog Downstream of Klf2 Improves Critical Limb Ischemia in Adults. Circ Res 2019; 123:1053-1065. [PMID: 30355159 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Klf (kruppel-like factor) 2 is critical to establish and maintain endothelial integrity. OBJECTIVE Therefore, determining upstream and downstream mediators of Klf2 would lead to alternative therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease management. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we identify Dhh (desert hedgehog) as a downstream effector of Klf2, whose expression in endothelial cells (ECs) is upregulated by shear stress and decreased by inflammatory cytokines. Consequently, we show that Dhh knockdown in ECs promotes endothelial permeability and EC activation and that Dhh agonist prevents TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) or glucose-induced EC dysfunction. Moreover, we demonstrate that human critical limb ischemia, a pathological condition linked to diabetes mellitus and inflammation, is associated to major EC dysfunction. By recreating a complex model of critical limb ischemia in diabetic mice, we found that Dhh-signaling agonist significantly improved EC function without promoting angiogenesis, which subsequently improved muscle perfusion. CONCLUSION Restoring EC function leads to significant critical limb ischemia recovery. Dhh appears to be a promising target, downstream of Klf2, to prevent the endothelial dysfunction involved in ischemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Caradu
- From the Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (C. Caradu, T.C., C. Chapouly, S.G., P.-L.H., E.D., A.-P.G., M.-A.R.)
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- From the Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (C. Caradu, T.C., C. Chapouly, S.G., P.-L.H., E.D., A.-P.G., M.-A.R.)
| | - Candice Chapouly
- From the Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (C. Caradu, T.C., C. Chapouly, S.G., P.-L.H., E.D., A.-P.G., M.-A.R.)
| | - Sarah Guimbal
- From the Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (C. Caradu, T.C., C. Chapouly, S.G., P.-L.H., E.D., A.-P.G., M.-A.R.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Hollier
- From the Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (C. Caradu, T.C., C. Chapouly, S.G., P.-L.H., E.D., A.-P.G., M.-A.R.)
| | - Eric Ducasse
- From the Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (C. Caradu, T.C., C. Chapouly, S.G., P.-L.H., E.D., A.-P.G., M.-A.R.)
| | | | - Mathilde Dubois
- Inserm U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-thoracique, University of Bordeaux, France (M.D.)
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- From the Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (C. Caradu, T.C., C. Chapouly, S.G., P.-L.H., E.D., A.-P.G., M.-A.R.)
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- From the Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (C. Caradu, T.C., C. Chapouly, S.G., P.-L.H., E.D., A.-P.G., M.-A.R.)
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Yuan S, Yurdagul A, Peretik JM, Alfaidi M, Al Yafeai Z, Pardue S, Kevil CG, Orr AW. Cystathionine γ-Lyase Modulates Flow-Dependent Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2126-2136. [PMID: 30002061 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Flow patterns differentially regulate endothelial cell phenotype, with laminar flow promoting vasodilation and disturbed flow promoting endothelial proinflammatory activation. CSE (cystathionine γ-lyase), a major source of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in endothelial cells, critically regulates cardiovascular function, by both promoting vasodilation and reducing endothelial activation. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of CSE in the endothelial response to flow. Approach and Results- Wild-type C57Bl/6J and CSE knockout ( CSE-/-) mice underwent partial carotid ligation to induce disturbed flow in the left carotid. In addition, endothelial cells isolated from wild-type and CSE -/- mice were exposed to either laminar or oscillatory flow, an in vitro model of disturbed flow. Interestingly, laminar flow significantly reduced CSE expression in vitro, and only disturbed flow regions show discernable CSE protein expression in vivo, correlating with enhanced H2S production in wild-type C57BL/6J but not CSE-/- mice. Lack of CSE limited disturbed flow-induced proinflammatory gene expression (ICAM-1[intercellular adhesion molecule 1], VCAM-1 [vascular cell adhesion molecular 1]) and monocyte infiltration and CSE-/- endothelial cells showed reduced NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation and proinflammatory gene expression in response to oscillatory flow in vitro. In addition, CSE-/- mice showed reduced inward remodeling after partial carotid ligation. CSE-/- mice showed elevated vascular nitrite levels (measure of nitric oxide [NO]) in the unligated carotids, suggesting an elevation in baseline NO production, and the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxy-3-oxide normalized the reduced inward remodeling, but not inflammation, of ligated carotids in CSE-/- mice. Conclusions- CSE expression in disturbed flow regions critically regulates both endothelial activation and flow-dependent vascular remodeling, in part through altered NO availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy (S.Y., A.Y., C.G.K., A.W.O.)
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy (S.Y., A.Y., C.G.K., A.W.O.)
| | - Jonette M Peretik
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.P., M.A., S.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.)
| | - Mabruka Alfaidi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.P., M.A., S.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.)
| | - Zaki Al Yafeai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (Z.A.Y., C.G.K., A.W.O.)
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.P., M.A., S.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.)
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy (S.Y., A.Y., C.G.K., A.W.O.).,Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.P., M.A., S.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.).,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (Z.A.Y., C.G.K., A.W.O.).,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences (C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - A Wayne Orr
- From the Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy (S.Y., A.Y., C.G.K., A.W.O.).,Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.P., M.A., S.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.).,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (Z.A.Y., C.G.K., A.W.O.).,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences (C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
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Warboys CM, Ghim M, Weinberg PD. Understanding mechanobiology in cultured endothelium: A review of the orbital shaker method. Atherosclerosis 2019; 285:170-177. [PMID: 31096159 PMCID: PMC6570700 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A striking feature of atherosclerosis is its highly non-uniform distribution within the arterial tree. This has been attributed to variation in the haemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) experienced by endothelial cells, but the WSS characteristics that are important and the mechanisms by which they lead to disease remain subjects of intensive investigation despite decades of research. In vivo evidence suggests that multidirectional WSS is highly atherogenic. This possibility is increasingly being studied by culturing endothelial cells in wells that are swirled on an orbital shaker. The method is simple and cost effective, has high throughput and permits chronic exposure, but interpretation of the results can be difficult because the fluid mechanics are complex; hitherto, their description has largely been restricted to the engineering literature. Here we review the findings of such studies, which indicate that putatively atherogenic flow characteristics occur at the centre of the well whilst atheroprotective ones occur towards the edge, and we describe simple mathematical methods for choosing experimental variables that avoid resonance, wave breaking and uncovering of the cells. We additionally summarise a large number of studies showing that endothelium cultured at the centre of the well expresses more pro-inflammatory and fewer homeostatic genes, has higher permeability, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence, and shows more endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition than endothelium at the edge. This simple method, when correctly interpreted, has the potential to greatly increase our understanding of the homeostatic and pathogenic mechanobiology of endothelial cells and may help identify new therapeutic targets in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mean Ghim
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
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Kumar S, Williams D, Sur S, Wang JY, Jo H. Role of flow-sensitive microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 114:76-92. [PMID: 30300747 PMCID: PMC6905428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying cause of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease. The disease preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow, in part, by altering expression of flow-sensitive coding- and non-coding genes. In this review, we summarize the role of noncoding RNAs, [microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)], as regulators of gene expression and outline their relationship to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. While miRNAs are small noncoding genes that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA transcripts, the lncRNAs regulate gene expression by diverse mechanisms, which are still emerging and incompletely understood. We focused on multiple flow-sensitive miRNAs such as, miR-10a, -19a, -23b, -17~92, -21, -663, -92a, -143/145, -101, -126, -712, -205, and -155 that play a critical role in endothelial function and atherosclerosis by targeting inflammation, cell cycle, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and nitric oxide signaling. Flow-dependent regulation of lncRNAs is just emerging, and their role in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis is unknown. Here, we discuss the flow-sensitive lncRNA STEEL along with other lncRNAs studied in the context of vascular pathophysiology and atherosclerosis such as MALAT1, MIAT1, ANRIL, MYOSLID, MEG3, SENCR, SMILR, LISPR1, and H19. Also discussed is the use of these noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutics to reduce and regress atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Darian Williams
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sanjoli Sur
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jun-Yao Wang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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Aavik E, Babu M, Ylä-Herttuala S. DNA methylation processes in atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis 2019; 281:168-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Henn D, Abu-Halima M, Wermke D, Falkner F, Thomas B, Köpple C, Ludwig N, Schulte M, Brockmann MA, Kim YJ, Sacks JM, Kneser U, Keller A, Meese E, Schmidt VJ. MicroRNA-regulated pathways of flow-stimulated angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in vivo. J Transl Med 2019; 17:22. [PMID: 30635008 PMCID: PMC6330440 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular shear stress promotes endothelial cell sprouting in vitro. The impact of hemodynamic forces on microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression within growing vascular networks in vivo, however, remain poorly investigated. Arteriovenous (AV) shunts are an established model for induction of neoangiogenesis in vivo and can serve as a tool for analysis of hemodynamic effects on miRNA and gene expression profiles over time. METHODS AV shunts were microsurgically created in rats and explanted on postoperative days 5, 10 and 15. Neoangiogenesis was confirmed by histologic analysis and micro-computed tomography. MiRNA and gene expression profiles were determined in tissue specimens from AV shunts by microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared with sham-operated veins by bioinformatics analysis. Changes in protein expression within AV shunt endothelial cells were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Samples from AV shunts exhibited a strong overexpression of proangiogenic cytokines, oxygenation-associated genes (HIF1A, HMOX1), and angiopoetic growth factors. Significant inverse correlations of the expressions of miR-223-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-449a-5p, and miR-511-3p which were up-regulated in AV shunts, and miR-27b-3p, miR-10b-5p, let-7b-5p, and let-7c-5p, which were down-regulated in AV shunts, with their predicted interacting targets C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A), ephrin receptor kinase 2 (EPHA2), synaptojanin-2 binding protein (SYNJ2BP), forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) were present. CXCL2 and IL1A overexpression in AV shunt endothelium was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that flow-stimulated angiogenesis is determined by an upregulation of cytokines, oxygenation associated genes and miRNA-dependent regulation of FOXC1, EPHA2 and SYNJ2BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Henn
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Masood Abu-Halima
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Dominik Wermke
- Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Florian Falkner
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Christoph Köpple
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulte
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Institute of Pathology, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Justin M Sacks
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Volker J Schmidt
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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ZBTB46 is a shear-sensitive transcription factor inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation via gene expression regulation of cell cycle proteins. J Transl Med 2019; 99:305-318. [PMID: 29884909 PMCID: PMC6286701 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ZBTB46 is a transcription factor identified in classical dendritic cells and keeps dendritic cells in a quiescent state. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in dendritic cells has identified over 1300 potential gene targets of ZBTB46, affecting many processes including cell cycle. Endothelial cells (ECs) also express ZBTB46 and are mostly in a quiescent non-proliferative state. While EC proliferation is a critical process in development, dysregulation of EC proliferation as seen in areas of disturbed flow play an important role in many disease processes such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, transplant vasculopathy, neointimal hyperplasia, and in-stent restenosis. We studied the role of ZBTB46 in ECs, hypothesizing that it inhibits EC proliferation. Using a model of disturbed flow in mice, we found that ZBTB46 is expressed in murine arterial ECs in vivo, and is downregulated by disturbed flow. In vitro results using HAECs showed that cell confluence and laminar shear stress, both known physiological conditions promoting EC quiescence, led to upregulation of ZBTB46 expression. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of ZBTB46 in vitro caused reduced EC proliferation, and increased number of cells in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, without affecting apoptosis or senescence, while siRNA knockdown of ZBTB46 negated the known inhibitory role of unidirectional laminar shear stress on EC proliferation. ZBTB46 overexpression also led to a broad suppression of genes involved in cell cycle progression including multiple cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, but an increase in the CDK inhibitor CDKN1A. Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein was also decreased as assessed by Western blot. Tube formation on Matrigel was reduced, suggesting an inhibitory role for ZBTB46 in angiogenesis. Further research is required to investigate the potential role of ZBTB46 in specific pathologic conditions and whether it can be targeted in a therapeutic manner.
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Hitzel J, Lee E, Zhang Y, Bibli SI, Li X, Zukunft S, Pflüger B, Hu J, Schürmann C, Vasconez AE, Oo JA, Kratzer A, Kumar S, Rezende F, Josipovic I, Thomas D, Giral H, Schreiber Y, Geisslinger G, Fork C, Yang X, Sigala F, Romanoski CE, Kroll J, Jo H, Landmesser U, Lusis AJ, Namgaladze D, Fleming I, Leisegang MS, Zhu J, Brandes RP. Oxidized phospholipids regulate amino acid metabolism through MTHFD2 to facilitate nucleotide release in endothelial cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2292. [PMID: 29895827 PMCID: PMC5997752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (oxPAPC) induce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Here we show that oxPAPC induce a gene network regulating serine-glycine metabolism with the mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (MTHFD2) as a causal regulator using integrative network modeling and Bayesian network analysis in human aortic endothelial cells. The cluster is activated in human plaque material and by atherogenic lipoproteins isolated from plasma of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MTHFD2-controlled cluster associate with CAD. The MTHFD2-controlled cluster redirects metabolism to glycine synthesis to replenish purine nucleotides. Since endothelial cells secrete purines in response to oxPAPC, the MTHFD2-controlled response maintains endothelial ATP. Accordingly, MTHFD2-dependent glycine synthesis is a prerequisite for angiogenesis. Thus, we propose that endothelial cells undergo MTHFD2-mediated reprogramming toward serine-glycine and mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism to compensate for the loss of ATP in response to oxPAPC during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hitzel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Sema4 Genomics (a Mount Sinai venture), Stamford, 06902, CT, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Sofia Iris Bibli
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Beatrice Pflüger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Andrea Estefania Vasconez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - James A Oo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Adelheid Kratzer
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, 12203, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Berlin), Berlin, 13316, Germany
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, 30332, GA, USA
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Ivana Josipovic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Hector Giral
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, 12203, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Berlin), Berlin, 13316, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Germany
| | - Christian Fork
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Fragiska Sigala
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, 11364, Greece
| | - Casey E Romanoski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85724, AZ, USA
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, 30332, GA, USA
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, 12203, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Berlin), Berlin, 13316, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, 10178, Germany
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
- Sema4 Genomics (a Mount Sinai venture), Stamford, 06902, CT, USA.
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (Partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany.
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Sala S, Ampe C. An emerging link between LIM domain proteins and nuclear receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1959-1971. [PMID: 29428964 PMCID: PMC11105726 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that partake in several biological processes including development, reproduction and metabolism. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that group 2, 3 and 4 LIM domain proteins, primarily known for their roles in actin cytoskeleton organization, also partake in gene transcription regulation. They shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, amongst other as a consequence of triggering cells with ligands of nuclear receptors. LIM domain proteins act as important coregulators of nuclear receptor-mediated gene transcription, in which they can either function as coactivators or corepressors. In establishing interactions with nuclear receptors, the LIM domains are important, yet pleiotropy of LIM domain proteins and nuclear receptors frequently occurs. LIM domain protein-nuclear receptor complexes function in diverse physiological processes. Their association is, however, often linked to diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sala
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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A multi-step transcriptional cascade underlies vascular regeneration in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5430. [PMID: 29615716 PMCID: PMC5882937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying vascular regeneration and repair are largely unknown. To gain insight into this process, we developed a method of intima denudation, characterized the progression of endothelial healing, and performed transcriptome analysis over time. Next-generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq) provided a quantitative and unbiased gene expression profile during in vivo regeneration following denudation injury. Our data indicate that shortly after injury, cells immediately adjacent to the wound mount a robust and rapid response with upregulation of genes like Jun, Fos, Myc, as well as cell adhesion genes. This was quickly followed by a wave of proliferative genes. After completion of endothelial healing a vigorous array of extracellular matrix transcripts were upregulated. Gene ontology enrichment and protein network analysis were used to identify transcriptional profiles over time. Further data mining revealed four distinct stages of regeneration: shock, proliferation, acclimation, and maturation. The transcriptional signature of those stages provides insight into the regenerative machinery responsible for arterial repair under normal physiologic conditions.
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