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Liman N, Lanasa D, Meylan F, Park JH. The ever-expanding role of cytokine receptor DR3 in T cells. Cytokine 2024; 176:156540. [PMID: 38359559 PMCID: PMC10895922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Death Receptor 3 (DR3) is a cytokine receptor of the Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor superfamily that plays a multifaceted role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the death domain motif in its cytosolic tail, DR3 had been proposed and functionally affirmed as a trigger of apoptosis. Further studies, however, also revealed roles of DR3 in other cellular pathways, including inflammation, survival, and proliferation. DR3 is expressed in various cell types, including T cells, B cells, innate lymphocytes, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and even outside the immune system. Because DR3 is mainly expressed on T cells, DR3-mediated immune perturbations leading to autoimmunity and other diseases were mostly attributed to DR3 activation of T cells. However, which T cell subset and what T effector functions are controlled by DR3 to drive these processes remain incompletely understood. DR3 engagement was previously found to alter CD4 T helper subset differentiation, expand the Foxp3+ Treg cell pool, and maintain intraepithelial γδ T cells in the gut. Recent studies further unveiled a previously unacknowledged aspect of DR3 in regulating innate-like invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activation, expanding the scope of DR3-mediated immunity in T lineage cells. Importantly, in the context of iNKT cells, DR3 ligation exerted costimulatory effects in agonistic TCR signaling, unveiling a new regulatory framework in T cell activation and proliferation. The current review is aimed at summarizing such recent findings on the role of DR3 on conventional T cells and innate-like T cells and discussing them in the context of immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcin Liman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dominic Lanasa
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Françoise Meylan
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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2
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Thiolat A, Pilon C, Caudana P, Moatti A, To NH, Sedlik C, Leclerc M, Maury S, Piaggio E, Cohen JL. Treg-targeted IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex controls graft- versus-host disease and supports anti-tumor effect in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2024; 109:129-142. [PMID: 37706355 PMCID: PMC10772500 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating an immune response in opposite directions represents the holy grail in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to avoid insufficient reactivity of donor T cells and hematologic malignancy relapse while controlling the potential development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), in which donor T cells attack the recipient's tissues. IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes (IL-2Cx) represent a therapeutic option to selectively accentuate or dampen the immune response. In dedicated experimental models of allo-HSCT, including also human cells injected in immunodeficient NSG mice, we evaluated side-by-side the therapeutic effect of two IL-2Cx designed either to boost regulatory T cells (Treg) or alternatively to activate effector T cells (Teff), on GVHD occurrence and tumor relapse. We also evaluated the effect of the complexes on the phenotype and function of immune cells in vivo. Unexpectedly, both pro-Treg and pro-Teff IL-2Cx prevented GVHD development. They both induced Treg expansion and reduced CD8+ T-cell numbers, compared to untreated mice. However, only mice treated with the pro-Treg IL-2Cx, showed a dramatic reduction of exhausted CD8+ T cells, consistent with a potent anti-tumor effect. When evaluated on human cells, pro-Treg IL-2Cx also preferentially induced Treg expansion in vitro and in vivo, while allowing the development of a potent anti-tumor effect in NSG mice. Our results demonstrate the clinical relevance of using a pro-Treg, but not a pro-Teff IL2Cx to modulate alloreactivity after HSCT, while promoting a graft-versus-leukemia effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Thiolat
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil
| | - Caroline Pilon
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalo-universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Fédération hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE, F-94010 Créteil
| | - Pamela Caudana
- INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris
| | - Audrey Moatti
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil
| | - Nhu Hanh To
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil
| | - Christine Sedlik
- INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, F-94010 Créteil
| | - Sébastien Maury
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalo-universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Fédération hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE, F-94010 Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, F-94010 Créteil
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris
| | - José L Cohen
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalo-universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Fédération hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE, F-94010 Créteil.
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3
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Christofi P, Pantazi C, Psatha N, Sakellari I, Yannaki E, Papadopoulou A. Promises and Pitfalls of Next-Generation Treg Adoptive Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5877. [PMID: 38136421 PMCID: PMC10742252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are fundamental to maintaining immune homeostasis by inhibiting immune responses to self-antigens and preventing the excessive activation of the immune system. Their functions extend beyond immune surveillance and subpopulations of tissue-resident Treg cells can also facilitate tissue repair and homeostasis. The unique ability to regulate aberrant immune responses has generated the concept of harnessing Tregs as a new cellular immunotherapy approach for reshaping undesired immune reactions in autoimmune diseases and allo-responses in transplantation to ultimately re-establish tolerance. However, a number of issues limit the broad clinical applicability of Treg adoptive immunotherapy, including the lack of antigen specificity, heterogeneity within the Treg population, poor persistence, functional Treg impairment in disease states, and in vivo plasticity that results in the loss of suppressive function. Although the early-phase clinical trials of Treg cell therapy have shown the feasibility and tolerability of the approach in several conditions, its efficacy has remained questionable. Leveraging the smart tools and platforms that have been successfully developed for primary T cell engineering in cancer, the field has now shifted towards "next-generation" adoptive Treg immunotherapy, where genetically modified Treg products with improved characteristics are being generated, as regards antigen specificity, function, persistence, and immunogenicity. Here, we review the state of the art on Treg adoptive immunotherapy and progress beyond it, while critically evaluating the hurdles and opportunities towards the materialization of Tregs as a living drug therapy for various inflammation states and the broad clinical translation of Treg therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Christofi
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Pantazi
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Psatha
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Sakellari
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
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4
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Zhai N, Liu W, Jin CH, Ding Y, Sun L, Zhang D, Wang Z, Tang Y, Zhao W, LeGuern C, Mapara MY, Wang H, Yang YG. Lack of IFN-γ Receptor Signaling Inhibits Graft-versus-Host Disease by Potentiating Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Conversion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:885-894. [PMID: 37486211 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
IFN-γ is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a controversial role in regulatory T cell (Treg) activity. In this study, we sought to understand how IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) signaling affects donor Tregs following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT), a potentially curative therapy for leukemia. We show that IFN-γR signaling inhibits Treg expansion and conversion of conventional T cells (Tcons) to peripheral Tregs in both mice and humans. Mice receiving IFN-γR-deficient allo-HCT showed markedly reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects, a trend associated with increased frequencies of Tregs, compared with recipients of wild-type allo-HCT. In mice receiving Treg-depleted allo-HCT, IFN-γR deficiency-induced peripheral Treg conversion was effective in preventing persistent GVHD while minimally affecting GVL effects. Thus, impairing IFN-γR signaling in Tcons may offer a promising strategy for achieving GVL effects without refractory GVHD. Similarly, in a human PBMC-induced xenogeneic GVHD model, significant inhibition of GVHD and an increase in donor Tregs were observed in mice cotransferred with human CD4 T cells that were deleted of IFN-γR1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, providing proof-of-concept support for using IFN-γR-deficient T cells in clinical allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Hui Jin
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Ding
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Liguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Christian LeGuern
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Markus Y Mapara
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hui Wang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Miao X, Jiang Y, Kong D, Wu Z, Liu H, Ye X, Gong W. Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 Ameliorates BEZ235-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis and Prolongs Cardiac Transplant Survival. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0079422. [PMID: 35862958 PMCID: PMC9430965 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00794-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac allograft rejection remains a major factor limiting long-term engraftment after transplantation. A novel phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR dual inhibitor, BEZ235, prolonged cardiac allograft survival by effectively suppressing activation of the PI3K/serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mTOR pathway. However, long-term usage of pharmacological immunosuppressant drugs can cause intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. We established mouse models of allogeneic heterotopic heart transplantation with different treatments. Fecal samples were collected and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted fecal metabolomic analysis. Graft samples were taken for immune cell detection by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines in serum were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared to single-target approaches (IC-87114 and rapamycin), BEZ235 more efficiently prolongs cardiac transplant survival. Interestingly, BEZ235 reduces the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota community. We demonstrated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 rescues the intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by BEZ235. IMPORTANCE Our data confirmed that the combination of BEZ235 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 significantly prolongs cardiac transplant survival. A main metabolic product of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, propionic acid (PA), enriches regulatory T (Treg) cells and serves as a potent immunomodulatory supplement to BEZ235. Our study provides a novel and efficient therapeutic strategy for transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Miao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuancong Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deqiang Kong
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zelai Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Ye
- Städtisches Klinikum Wolfenbüttel, Wolfenbüttel, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Weihua Gong
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Zhou RQ, Wang X, Ye YB, Lu B, Wang J, Guo ZW, Mo WJ, Yang Z, Srisuk P, Yan LP, Xu XJ. Prevention of acute graft‑vs.‑host disease by targeting glycolysis and mTOR pathways in activated T cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:448. [PMID: 35720623 PMCID: PMC9199067 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Bin Ye
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University and Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Nanfang‑Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology and Oncology, TaiXin Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523128, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Wen Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University and Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jian Mo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Pathomthat Srisuk
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Le-Ping Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
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7
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Campe J, Ullrich E. T Helper Cell Lineage-Defining Transcription Factors: Potent Targets for Specific GVHD Therapy? Front Immunol 2022; 12:806529. [PMID: 35069590 PMCID: PMC8766661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.806529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents a potent and potentially curative treatment for many hematopoietic malignancies and hematologic disorders in adults and children. The donor-derived immunity, elicited by the stem cell transplant, can prevent disease relapse but is also responsible for the induction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The pathophysiology of acute GVHD is not completely understood yet. In general, acute GVHD is driven by the inflammatory and cytotoxic effect of alloreactive donor T cells. Since several experimental approaches indicate that CD4 T cells play an important role in initiation and progression of acute GVHD, the contribution of the different CD4 T helper (Th) cell subtypes in the pathomechanism and regulation of the disease is a central point of current research. Th lineages derive from naïve CD4 T cell progenitors and lineage commitment is initiated by the surrounding cytokine milieu and subsequent changes in the transcription factor (TF) profile. Each T cell subtype has its own effector characteristics, immunologic function, and lineage specific cytokine profile, leading to the association with different immune responses and diseases. Acute GVHD is thought to be mainly driven by the Th1/Th17 axis, whereas Treg cells are attributed to attenuate GVHD effects. As the differentiation of each Th subset highly depends on the specific composition of activating and repressing TFs, these present a potent target to alter the Th cell landscape towards a GVHD-ameliorating direction, e.g. by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 differentiation. The finding, that targeting of Th1 and Th17 differentiation appears more effective for GVHD-prevention than a strategy to inhibit Th1 and Th17 cytokines supports this concept. In this review, we shed light on the current advances of potent TF inhibitors to alter Th cell differentiation and consecutively attenuate GVHD. We will focus especially on preclinical studies and outcomes of TF inhibition in murine GVHD models. Finally, we will point out the possible impact of a Th cell subset-specific immune modulation in context of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campe
- Experimental Immunology, Children's University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Children's University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Experimental Immunology, Children's University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Children's University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Mhandire K, Saggu K, Buxbaum NP. Immunometabolic Therapeutic Targets of Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD). Metabolites 2021; 11:736. [PMID: 34822394 PMCID: PMC8619522 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative option in the treatment of aggressive malignant and non-malignant blood disorders. However, the benefits of allo-HSCT can be compromised by graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a prevalent and morbid complication of allo-HSCT. GvHD occurs when donor immune cells mount an alloreactive response against host antigens due to histocompatibility differences between the donor and host, which may result in extensive tissue injury. The reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a feature of GvHD that is associated with the differentiation of donor CD4+ cells into the pathogenic Th1 and Th17 subsets along with the dysfunction of the immune-suppressive protective T regulatory cells (Tregs). The activation of glycolysis and glutaminolysis with concomitant changes in fatty acid oxidation metabolism fuel the anabolic activities of the proliferative alloreactive microenvironment characteristic of GvHD. Thus, metabolic therapies such as glycolytic enzyme inhibitors and fatty acid metabolism modulators are a promising therapeutic strategy for GvHD. We comprehensively review the role of cellular metabolism in GvHD pathogenesis, identify candidate therapeutic targets, and describe potential strategies for augmenting immunometabolism to ameliorate GvHD.
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9
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Jiang H, Fu D, Bidgoli A, Paczesny S. T Cell Subsets in Graft Versus Host Disease and Graft Versus Tumor. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761448. [PMID: 34675938 PMCID: PMC8525316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an essential therapeutic modality for patients with hematological malignancies and other blood disorders. Unfortunately, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major source of morbidity and mortality following allo-HCT, which limits its use in a broader spectrum of patients. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) also remains the most common long-term complication of allo-HCT, occurring in reportedly 30-70% of patients surviving more than 100 days. Chronic GVHD is also the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) occurring more than 2 years after HCT for malignant disease. Graft versus tumor (GVT) is a major component of the overall beneficial effects of allogeneic HCT in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Better understanding of GVHD pathogenesis is important to identify new therapeutic targets for GVHD prevention and therapy. Emerging data suggest opposing roles for different T cell subsets, e.g., IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Th1 and Tc1), IL-4 producing T cells (Th2 and Tc2), IL-17 producing T cells (Th17 and Tc17), IL-9 producing T cells (Th9 and Tc9), IL-22 producing T cells (Th22), T follicular helper cells (Tfh), regulatory T-cells (Treg) and tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) in GVHD and GVT etiology. In this review, we first summarize the general description of the cytokine signals that promote the differentiation of T cell subsets and the roles of these T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Next, we extensively explore preclinical findings of T cell subsets in both GVHD/GVT animal models and humans. Finally, we address recent findings about the roles of T-cell subsets in clinical GVHD and current strategies to modulate T-cell differentiation for treating and preventing GVHD in patients. Further exploring and outlining the immune biology of T-cell differentiation in GVHD that will provide more therapeutic options for maintaining success of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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10
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Hefazi M, Bolivar-Wagers S, Blazar BR. Regulatory T Cell Therapy of Graft-versus-Host Disease: Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9676. [PMID: 34575843 PMCID: PMC8469916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers an exciting option to prevent and/or treat GVHD as these cells naturally function to maintain immune homeostasis, can induce tolerance following HSCT, and have a tissue reparative function. Studies to date have established a clinical safety profile for polyclonal Tregs. Functional enhancement through genetic engineering offers the possibility of improved potency, specificity, and persistence. In this review, we provide the most up to date preclinical and clinical data on Treg cell therapy with a particular focus on GVHD. We discuss the different Treg subtypes and highlight the pharmacological and genetic approaches under investigation to enhance the application of Tregs in allo-HSCT. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges for optimal clinical translation and provide insights as to future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
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11
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Delia M, Carluccio P, Mestice A, Chiusolo P, Metafuni E, Bellesi S, Arpinati M, Milone GA, Martino M, Mazza P, Ingrosso C, Vacca A, Saporiti G, Zallio F, Attolico I, Pastore D, Specchia G, Albano F, Musto P. The Impact of Graft CD3 Cell/Regulatory T Cell Ratio on Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease and Post-Transplantation Outcome: A Prospective Multicenter Study of Patients with Acute Leukemia Undergoing Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:918.e1-918.e9. [PMID: 34403789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that tumor site- or bone marrow-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) might be correlated with worse outcomes in solid tumors and acute leukemias by promoting immune surveillance escape, their contribution to the immediate post-allogeneic transplantation phase by peripheral blood (PB) allografts remains unclear. Moreover, the Treg content in stem cells harvested from PB has been suggested to be correlated with acute graft versus-host-disease (aGVHD) and immunologic recovery after allogeneic PB stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT). This study aimed to investigate the impact of the graft content of Tregs, as graft CD3+/Tregs ratio (gCD3/TregsR), on acute GVHD and post-allo-PBSCT outcomes. We prospectively enrolled 94 consecutive patients at 9 Italian centers of the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo (GITMO) with acute myelogenous (n = 71; 75%) or lymphoblastic (n = 23; 25%) leukemia in complete remission who underwent matched related donor (n = 35; 37%) or unrelated donor (n = 59; 63%) allo-PBSCT. The median graft CD3+ cell, Treg, and gCD3/TregsR values were 196 × 106/kg body weight (range, 17 to 666 × 106/kg), 3 × 106/kg (range, 0.1 to 35 × 106/kg), and 71 (range, 1 to 1883), respectively. The discriminatory power of the gCD3/TregsR value to predict grade ≥II aGVHD was assessed by estimating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Any grade and grade ≥II aGVHD occurred in 24 (26%) and 17 (18%) allo-PBSCT recipients, respectively. By ROC analysis, AUC (0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.608 to 0.866; P = .002) identified 70 as the optimal gCD3/TregsR cutoff value predicting the appearance of grade ≥II aGVHD with 76% sensitivity and 71% specificity. Patients were subdivided into a high (ROC curve value ≥70) gCD3/TregsR group (HR; n = 48) and a low (ROC curve value <70) gCD3/TregsR group (LR; n = 46). The incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD was lower in the LR group compared with the HR group (9% [4 of 46] versus 27% [13 of 48]) in both univariate analysis (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% CI, 1.44 to 16.17; P = .015) and multivariate analysis (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.34 to 18.93; P = .017), whereas no differences were documented taking into account aGVHD of any grade. The overall survival, disease-free survival, nonrelapse mortality, and relapse rates at 2 and 3 years were 61% and 54%, 62% and 55%, 15% and 23%, and 27% and 30%, respectively. Of note, gCD3/TregsR did not significantly correlate with relapse (P = .135). Taken together, our data from this prospective multicenter study confirm the value of Tregs in preventing aGVHD while maintaining the graft-versus-leukemia effect. © 2021 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Delia
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy.
| | - Paola Carluccio
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Mestice
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Chiusolo
- Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Bellesi
- Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Arpinati
- Hematology and BMT, AOU Policlinico S Orsola Malpighi IRCCS, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Antonio Milone
- Metropolitan Hematopoietic Transplantation Program, Azienda Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Martino
- Bone Marrow Transplantation, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Patrizio Mazza
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Ospedale S. G. Moscati, Taranto, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Vacca
- Hematology and BMT, Presidio Ospedaliero A. Businco, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Saporiti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano-Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Zallio
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ospedale SS Biagio e Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Immacolata Attolico
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Albano
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
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12
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Immunotherapeutic strategy based on anti-OX40L and low dose of IL-2 to prolong graft survival in sensitized mice by inducing the generation of CD4 + and CD8 + Tregs. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107663. [PMID: 33887578 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alloreactive memory cells play a critical role after a second transplant and are difficult to suppress. This study investigated the effect of an immunotherapeutic strategy that combines anti-OX40L, rapamycin (Rapa), and a low dose of IL-2 in a memory cell-based adoptive model. In this model, the median survival time (MST) of the grafts of the combined treatment group was significantly extended compared to that of the control group and other treatment groups. A similar effect was observed regarding a reduction in memory T cells (Tm) and inflammatory cytokines production. Also, the percentages of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased in our model. In addition, mounting evidence has shown CD8+CD122+ T cells are also Tregs. We found that the group of CD8+CD122+PD1+ T cells was markedly increased in the combined treatment group, especially in the graft. We further demonstrated that CD8+CD122+PD1+ T cells could suppress activated T cells. Our data suggest that anti-OX40L combined with Rapa and a low dose of IL-2 can suppress Tm, modulate CD4 and CD8 Tregs, and induce long-term heart allograft survival in sensitized mice.
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13
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Hui Z, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Yang L, Yu W, An Y, Wei F, Ren X. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Transcriptome and TCR Characteristics of pTregs and in vitro Expanded iTregs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:619932. [PMID: 33868236 PMCID: PMC8044526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.619932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of immune tolerance and tumor evasion. However, the relative low proportion of these cells in peripheral blood and tissues has hindered many studies. We sought to establish a rapamycin-based in vitro Treg expansion procedure in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and perform single-cell sequencing to explore the characteristics of Treg cells. CD25+ cells enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of colorectal tumor patients were cultured in X-VIVO15 medium, supplemented with 5% human AB serum, L-glutamine, rapamycin, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Dynabeads human Treg expander for 21 days to expand Tregs. Treg cells with satisfactory phenotype and function were successfully expanded from CD4+CD25+ cells in patients with colorectal cancer. The median expansion fold was 75 (range, 20-105-fold), and >90.0% of the harvest cells were CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells. The ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells exceeded 60%. Functional assays showed that iTregs significantly inhibited CD8+T cell proliferation in vitro. Single-cell sequencing showed that the transcriptome of pTreg (CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells isolated from PBMC of colorectal cancer patients) and iTreg (CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells expanded in vitro according to the above regimen) cells were interlaced. pTregs exhibited enhanced suppressive function, whereas iTregs exhibited increased proliferative capacity. TCR repertoire analysis indicated minimal overlap between pTregs and iTregs. Pseudo-time trajectory analysis of Tregs revealed that pTregs were a continuum composed of three main branches: activated/effector, resting and proliferative Tregs. In contrast, in vitro expanded iTregs were a mixture of proliferating and activated/effector cells. The expression of trafficking receptors was also different in pTregs and iTregs. Various chemokine receptors were upregulated in pTregs. Activated effector pTregs overexpressed the chemokine receptor CCR10, which was not expressed in iTregs. The chemokine CCL28 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and associated with poor prognosis. CCR10 interacted with CCL28 to mediate the recruitment of Treg into tumors and accelerated tumor progression. Depletion of CCR10+Treg cells from tumor microenvironment (TME) could be used as an effective treatment strategy for colorectal cancer patients. Our data distinguished the transcriptomic characteristics of different subsets of Treg cells and revealed the context-dependent functions of different populations of Treg cells, which was crucial to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies for Treg cells in autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Hui
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang An
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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14
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Zhao Y, Hu W, Chen P, Cao M, Zhang Y, Zeng C, Hara H, Cooper DKC, Mou L, Luan S, Gao H. Immunosuppressive and metabolic agents that influence allo‐ and xenograft survival by in vivo expansion of T regulatory cells. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12640. [PMID: 32892428 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center Institute of Translational Medicine Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen Second People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | | | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Mengtao Cao
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Yingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - David K. C. Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center Institute of Translational Medicine Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen Second People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Shaodong Luan
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Department of Nephrology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center Institute of Translational Medicine Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen Second People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen China
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15
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Kashiwakura Y, Kojima H, Kanno Y, Hashiguchi M, Kobata T. Heparin affects the induction of regulatory T cells independent of anti-coagulant activity and suppresses allogeneic immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:119-135. [PMID: 32562271 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin is a widely used anti-coagulant that enhances anti-thrombin (AT) activity. However, heparin also suppresses immune and inflammatory responses in various rodent models and clinical trials, respectively. The mechanism by which heparin suppresses immune responses is unclear. The effect of heparin on regulatory T cells (Tregs ) in allogeneic immune responses was analysed using an acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) mouse model and mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs). In-vitro culture systems were utilized to study the effects of heparin on Tregs . Heparin administration reduced mortality rates and increased the proportion of Tregs in the early post-transplantation period of aGVHD mice. In both murine and human MLRs, heparin increased Tregs and inhibited responder T cell proliferation. Heparin promoted functional CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ Treg generation from naive CD4+ T cells, increased interleukin (IL)-2 production and enhanced the activation of pre-existing Tregs with IL-2. Heparin-induced Treg increases were not associated with anti-coagulant activity through AT, but required negatively charged sulphation of heparin. Importantly, N-acetyl heparin, a chemically modified heparin without anti-coagulant activity, induced Tregs and decreased mortality in aGVHD mice. Our results indicate that heparin contributes to Treg -mediated immunosuppression through IL-2 production and suggest that heparin derivatives may be useful for immunopathological control by efficient Treg induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - H Kojima
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Y Kanno
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - M Hashiguchi
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - T Kobata
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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16
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Diaz MF, Horton PD, Kumar A, Livingston M, Mohammadalipour A, Xue H, Skibber MA, Ewere A, Toledano Furman NE, Aroom KR, Zhang S, Gill BS, Cox CS, Wenzel PL. Injury intensifies T cell mediated graft-versus-host disease in a humanized model of traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10729. [PMID: 32612177 PMCID: PMC7330041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays critical roles in promoting tissue repair during recovery from neurotrauma but is also responsible for unchecked inflammation that causes neuronal cell death, systemic stress, and lethal immunodepression. Understanding the immune response to neurotrauma is an urgent priority, yet current models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) inadequately recapitulate the human immune response. Here, we report the first description of a humanized model of TBI and show that TBI places significant stress on the bone marrow. Hematopoietic cells of the marrow are regionally decimated, with evidence pointing to exacerbation of underlying graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) linked to presence of human T cells in the marrow. Despite complexities of the humanized mouse, marrow aplasia caused by TBI could be alleviated by cell therapy with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We conclude that MSCs could be used to ameliorate syndromes triggered by hypercytokinemia in settings of secondary inflammatory stimulus that upset marrow homeostasis such as TBI. More broadly, this study highlights the importance of understanding how underlying immune disorders including immunodepression, autoimmunity, and GVHD might be intensified by injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Diaz
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paulina D Horton
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Akshita Kumar
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megan Livingston
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amina Mohammadalipour
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hasen Xue
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Max A Skibber
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adesuwa Ewere
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Naama E Toledano Furman
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin R Aroom
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brijesh S Gill
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles S Cox
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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17
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Sato Y, Keino H, Nakayama M, Kano M, Okada AA. Effect of In Vivo Expansion of Regulatory T Cells with IL-2/anti-IL-2 Antibody Complex Plus Rapamycin on Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1520-1529. [PMID: 32459545 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1757119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of injection of IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody (IL-2 complex) together with rapamycin on the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU).Methods: C57BL/6J mice were immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide. The immunized mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS, IL-2 complex, rapamycin, or IL-2 complex/rapamycin on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 (induction phase) or days 10, 11, 12, and 13 (effector phase) after immunization.Results: Expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in draining lymph nodes was observed in IL-2 complex and IL-2 complex/rapamycin-treated mice. Although injection of IL-2 complex alone was not capable of decreasing the clinical score of EAU, injection of IL-2 complex/rapamycin significantly delayed the onset of EAU. In contrast, the treatment with IL-2 complex alone or IL-2 complex/rapamycin during effector phase failed to suppress EAU.Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential limitations of IL-2 complex or IL-2 complex/rapamycin during EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Radioisotope Research, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mirai Kano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annabelle A Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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McBride DA, Kerr MD, Wai SL, Yee YY, Ogbonna DA, Shah NJ. Characterization of regulatory T cell expansion for manufacturing cellular immunotherapies. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4186-4198. [PMID: 32441280 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00622j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of peripheral immune tolerance. Tregs suppress immune activation against self-antigens and are the focus of cell-based therapies for autoimmune diseases. However, Tregs circulate at a very low frequency in blood, limiting the number of cells that can be isolated by leukapheresis. To effectively expand Tregsex vivo for cell therapy, we report the metabolic modulation of T cells using mono-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (βCD-NH2) encapsulated rapamycin (Rapa). Encapsulating Rapa in β-cyclodextrin increased its aqueous solubility ∼154-fold and maintained bioactivity for at least 30 days. βCD-NH2-Rapa complexes (CRCs) enriched the fraction of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ mouse T (mT) cells and human T (hT) cells up to 6-fold and up to 2-fold respectively and suppressed the overall expansion of effector T cells by 5-fold in both species. Combining CRCs and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) synergistically promoted the expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells. CRCs significantly reduced the fraction of pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expressing CD4+ T cells, suppressing this Th1-associated cytokine while enhancing the fraction of IFN-γ- tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expressing CD4+ T cells. We developed a model using kinetic rate equations to describe the influence of the initial fraction of naïve T cells on the enrichment of Tregsin vitro. The model related the differences in the expansion kinetics of mT and hT cells to their susceptibility for immunophenotypic modulation. CRCs may be an effective and potent means for phenotypic modulation of T cells and the enrichment of Tregsin vitro. Our findings contribute to the development of experimental and analytical techniques for manufacturing Treg based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A McBride
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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19
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Furlan SN, Singh K, Lopez C, Tkachev V, Hunt DJ, Hibbard J, Betz KM, Blazar BR, Trapnell C, Kean LS. IL-2 enhances ex vivo-expanded regulatory T-cell persistence after adoptive transfer. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1594-1605. [PMID: 32311015 PMCID: PMC7189290 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As regulatory T cell (Treg) adoptive therapy continues to develop clinically, there is a need to determine which immunomodulatory agents pair most compatibly with Tregs to enable persistence and stabilize suppressor function. Prior work has shown that mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition can increase the stability of thymic Tregs. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic signatures of ex vivo-expanded Tregs after adoptive transfer in the setting of clinically relevant immunosuppression using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model as a prelude to future transplant studies. Here, we found that adding interleukin-2 (IL-2) to rapamycin in vivo supported a logarithmic increase in the half-life of adoptively transferred carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled, autologous NHP Tregs, effectively doubling the number of cells in the peripheral blood Treg compartment compared with Treg infusion when rapamycin was given alone. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we found that transferred ex vivo-expanded Tregs initially exhibit a gene expression signature consistent with an activated state. Moreover, those cells with the highest levels of activation also expressed genes associated with p53-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, transferred Tregs interrogated at day +20 posttransfer demonstrated a gene signature more similar to published profiles of resting Tregs. Together, these preclinical data further support combining IL-2 and rapamycin in vivo as adjunctive therapy for ex vivo-expanded adoptively transferred Tregs and suggest that the activation status of ex vivo-expanded Tregs is critical to their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Furlan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Christina Lopez
- Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Joel Hunt
- Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James Hibbard
- Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kayla M Betz
- Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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20
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Hippen KL, Aguilar EG, Rhee SY, Bolivar-Wagers S, Blazar BR. Distinct Regulatory and Effector T Cell Metabolic Demands during Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:77-91. [PMID: 31791718 PMCID: PMC6934920 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylactic agents, the success and wider utilization of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is limited by GVHD. Increasing donor graft regulatory T cell (Treg):effector T cell (Teff) ratios can substantially reduce GVHD in cancer patients, but pre-HSCT conditioning regimens and GVHD create a challenging inflammatory environment for Treg stability, persistence, and function. Metabolism plays a crucial role in T cell and Treg differentiation, and development of effector function. Although glycolysis is a main driver of allogeneic T cell-driven GVHD, oxidative phosphorylation is a main driver of Treg suppressor function. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of Treg metabolism in the context of GVHD, and discusses potential therapeutic applications of Tregs in the prevention or treatment of GVHD in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli L Hippen
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ethan G Aguilar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephanie Y Rhee
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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21
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Zeiser R. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:563-572. [PMID: 31588560 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major complication after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The emergence of different immuno-prophylaxis strategies, such as post-transplant cyclophosphamide or anti-thymocyteglobulin has reduced the incidence of acute GVHD in recent years. The biology of the acute GVHD we observe in the clinic may change due to the use of novel immuno-stimulatory agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors or anti-neoplastic immune-modifiers, like lenalidomide, given before or after allo-HSCT. Here we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of acute GVHD with a focus on early events of the disease, including tissue damaging factors, innate immune cells, costimulatory pathways, immune cell signalling, immuno-regulatory cell types, biomarkers of GVHD and regenerative approaches. New insight in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD has revealed the role of pro-inflammatory intracellular signalling, defects in intestinal tissue regeneration and anti-bacterial defence, as well as a reduced diversity of the microbiome, which will be the basis for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zeiser
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) represent a CD4+ T-cell lineage that plays a critical role in restraining immune responses to self and foreign antigens and associated inflammation. Due to the suppressive function of Treg cells, inhibition or ablation of these cells can be used to boost the immunity against malignant cells. On the other hand, augmenting the activity of Treg cells can be employed for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases and allogeneic conflicts associated with transplantation. Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this review, we describe basic biological properties of Treg cells and their role in GvHD. We focus on the application of adoptive transfer of Treg cells and the therapeutic modulation of their activity for the prevention and treatment of GvHD in pre-clinical models and in clinical settings. We also discuss the main obstacles to applying Treg cell-based therapies for GvHD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Elias
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Copsel S, Wolf D, Komanduri KV, Levy RB. The promise of CD4 +FoxP3 + regulatory T-cell manipulation in vivo: applications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2019; 104:1309-1321. [PMID: 31221786 PMCID: PMC6601084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.198838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a non-redundant population critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. Over the past decade, the use of these cells for therapeutic purposes in transplantation and autoimmune disease has emerged based on their capacity to inhibit immune activation. Basic science discoveries have led to identifying key receptors on Tregs that can regulate their proliferation and function. Notably, the understanding that IL-2 signaling is crucial for Treg homeostasis promoted the hypothesis that in vivo IL-2 treatment could provide a strategy to control the compartment. The use of low-dose IL-2 in vivo was shown to selectively expand Tregs versus other immune cells. Interestingly, a number of other Treg cell surface proteins, including CD28, CD45, IL-33R and TNFRSF members, have been identified which can also induce activation and proliferation of this population. Pre-clinical studies have exploited these observations to prevent and treat mice developing autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings support the development of translational strategies to expand Tregs in patients. Excitingly, the use of low-dose IL-2 for patients suffering from graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disease has demonstrated increased Treg levels together with beneficial outcomes. To date, promising pre-clinical and clinical studies have directly targeted Tregs and clearly established the ability to increase their levels and augment their function in vivo. Here we review the evolving field of in vivo Treg manipulation and its application to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine
| | - Robert B Levy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology .,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
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24
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Sofi MH, Wu Y, Schutt SD, Dai M, Daenthanasanmak A, Heinrichs Voss J, Nguyen H, Bastian D, Iamsawat S, Selvam SP, Liu C, Maulik N, Ogretmen B, Jin J, Mehrotra S, Yu XZ. Thioredoxin-1 confines T cell alloresponse and pathogenicity in graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2760-2774. [PMID: 31045571 DOI: 10.1172/jci122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is elevated in the recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HCT) and likely contributes to the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD is characterized by activation, expansion, cytokine production and migration of alloreactive donor T cells, and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allo-HCT. Hence, strategies to limit oxidative stress in GVHD are highly desirable. Thioredoxin1 (Trx1) counteracts oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating other enzymes that metabolize H2O2. The present study sought to elucidate the role of Trx1 in the pathophysiology of GVHD. Using murine and xenograft models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) and genetic (human Trx1-transgenic, Trx1-Tg) as well as pharmacologic (human recombinant Trx1, RTrx1) strategies; we found that Trx1-Tg donor T cells or administration of the recipients with RTrx1 significantly reduced GVHD severity. Mechanistically, we observed RTrx1 reduced ROS accumulation and cytokine production of mouse and human T cells in response to alloantigen stimulation in vitro. In allo-BMT settings, we found that Trx1-Tg or RTrx1 decreased downstream signaling molecules including NFκB activation and T-bet expression, and reduced proliferation, IFN-γ production and ROS accumulation in donor T cells within GVHD target organs. More importantly, administration of RTrx1 did not impair the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Taken together, the current work provides a strong rationale and demonstrates feasibility to target the ROS pathway, which can be readily translated into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | - Min Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | | | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | | | - Shanmugam Panneer Selvam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nilanjana Maulik
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | | | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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25
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Tijaro-Ovalle NM, Karantanos T, Wang HT, Boussiotis VA. Metabolic Targets for Improvement of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:295. [PMID: 30891031 PMCID: PMC6411635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of the adaptive immune system against malignancies, both by immune-based therapies to activate T cells in vivo to attack cancer and by T-cell therapies to transfer effector cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) to the cancer patient, represent major novel therapeutic advancements in oncologic therapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) is a form of cell-based therapy, which replaces the HSC in the patient's bone marrow but also serves as a T-cell therapy due to the Graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by donor T cells transferred with the graft. Allogeneic HSCT provides one potentially curative option to patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia but Graft-vs.-Host-Disease (GVHD) is the main cause of non-relapse mortality and limits the therapeutic benefit of allogeneic HSCT. Metabolism is a common cellular feature and has a key role in the differentiation and function of T cells during the immune response. Naïve T cells and memory T cells that mediate GVHD and GVL, respectively, utilize distinct metabolic programs to obtain their immunological and functional specification. Thus, metabolic targets that mediate immunosuppression might differentially affect the functional program of GVHD-mediating or GVL-mediating T cells. Components of the innate immune system that are indispensable for the activation of alloreactive T cells are also subjected to metabolism-dependent regulation. Metabolic alterations have also been implicated in the resistance to chemotherapy and survival of malignant cells such as leukemia and lymphoma, which are targeted by GVL-mediating T cells. Development of novel approaches to inhibit the activation of GVHD-specific naïve T cell but maintain the function of GVL-specific memory T cells will have a major impact on the therapeutic benefit of HSCT. Here, we will highlight the importance of metabolism on the function of GVHD-inducing and GVL-inducing alloreactive T cells as well as on antigen presenting cells (APC), which are required for presentation of host antigens. We will also analyze the metabolic alterations involved in the leukemogenesis which could differentiate leukemia initiating cells from normal HSC, providing potential therapeutic opportunities. Finally, we will discuss the immuno-metabolic effects of key drugs that might be repurposed for metabolic management of GVHD without compromising GVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Tijaro-Ovalle
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hong-Tao Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Zhang H, Lin S, Chen X, Gu L, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Reyes K, Wang B, Jin K. The effect of age, sex and strains on the performance and outcome in animal models of stroke. Neurochem Int 2018; 127:2-11. [PMID: 30291954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the majority of cerebral stroke is caused by occlusion of cerebral circulation, which eventually leads to brain infarction. Although stroke occurs mainly in the aged population, most animal models for experimental stroke in vivo almost universally rely on young-adult rodents for the evaluation of neuropathological, neurological, or behavioral outcomes after stroke due to their greater availability, lower cost, and fewer health problems. However, it is well established that aged animals differ from young animals in terms of physiology, neurochemistry, and behavior. Stroke-induced changes are more pronounced with advancing age. Therefore, the overlooked role of age in animal models of stroke could have an impact on data quality and hinder the translation of rodent models to humans. In addition to aging, other factors also influence functional performance after ischemic stroke. In this article, we summarize the differences between young and aged animals, the impact of age, sex and animal strains on performance and outcome in animal models of stroke and emphasize age as a key factor in preclinical stroke studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Siyang Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Kassandra Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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27
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Utility of IL-2 Complexes in Promoting the Survival of Murine Orthotopic Forelimb Vascularized Composite Allografts. Transplantation 2018; 102:70-78. [PMID: 29272255 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascularized composite allografts (VCA) are novel, life-enhancing forms of transplantation (Tx). However, host immune responses to the various VCA components, especially those involving skin, are complex and make selection of appropriate therapy challenging. Although the interplay between Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells and CD4 and CD8 effector T cells is of central importance in determining the acceptance or rejection of solid organ allografts, there is little information available concerning the contribution of Treg cells to VCA survival. In addition, the effects of therapeutic expansion in vivo of host Treg cell populations on VCA survival are unknown. METHODS We established a fully major histocompatibility complex-disparate (BALB/c- > C57BL/6) murine orthotopic forelimb Tx model to explore the benefits of pre- and post-Tx IL-2/anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody complex (IL-2C) administration to expand the host Treg cell population and thereby attempt to promote Treg cell-dependent VCA survival. RESULTS Both strategies expanded the Treg cell population in vivo and prolonged VCA survival (P < 0.001), but IL-2C administration pre-Tx led to significantly longer survival compared with IL-2C administration post-Tx (P < 0.01). In addition, compared with post-Tx therapy, pre-Tx therapy resulted in an increased ratio of Treg cells to CD8+ T cells (P < 0.001), reduced proliferation of CD4 and CD8 effector T cells, and reduced production of IFN-γ. Optimal effects were seen when combined with rapamycin therapy, whereas the combination of IL-2C therapy plus calcineurin inhibitor was counterproductive. CONCLUSIONS Our studies involving different IL-2C-mediated Treg cell expansion strategies demonstrate that pre-Tx IL-2C therapy may be a useful component for developing strategies to promote VCA survival.
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28
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Li Z, Lu H, Gu J, Liu J, Zhu Q, Lu Y, Wang X. Chitinase 3-Like-1-Deficient Splenocytes Deteriorated the Pathogenesis of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease via Regulating Differentiation of Tfh Cells. Inflammation 2018; 40:1576-1588. [PMID: 28656528 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is an intractable complication in transplant patients, limiting the efficacy of this therapy. Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family that lacks chitinase activity, plays a critical role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of CHI3L1 on the development of aGVHD. In this study, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) in vitro showed that CHI3L1 deficiency in CD4+ T cell promoted the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and T follicular helper (Tfh)-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-21 (IL-21). Meanwhile, the inducible Tfh cell population increased remarkably in CHI3L1-KO CD4+ T cells' induction group, compared with WT group. Then, in the murine acute GVHD model, we found that CHI3L1 deficiency in donor splenocytes dramatically increased the severity of aGVHD through enhancing Tfh cell differentiation. Moreover, at mRNA and protein levels, we defined several molecules that may account for the enhanced ability of CHI3L1-KO splenocytes to migrate into target organs and produce IFN-γ and Tfh-related cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-21, and CXCL13. Expression of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) increased in the skin, the intestine, the lung, and the liver from CHI3L1-KO splenocyte-treated aGVHD mice. Therefore, these results strongly imply that CHI3L1 levels in donor cells may be related to the risk of aGVHD and targeting CHI3L1 represents a novel therapeutic strategy for controlling aGVHD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyao Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
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29
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Periasamy R, Surbek DV, Schoeberlein A. In vitro-microenvironment directs preconditioning of human chorion derived MSC promoting differentiation of OPC-like cells. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Zhang L, Yu J, Wei W. Advance in Targeted Immunotherapy for Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1087. [PMID: 29868032 PMCID: PMC5964137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious and deadly complication of patients, who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite prophylactic treatment with immunosuppressive agents, 20–80% of recipients develop acute GVHD after HSCT. And the incidence rates of chronic GVHD range from 6 to 80%. Standard therapeutic strategies are still lacking, although considerable advances have been gained in knowing of the predisposing factors, pathology, and diagnosis of GVHD. Targeting immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, as well as tolerogenic dendritic cells or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display considerable benefit in the relief of GVHD through the deletion of alloactivated T cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines or signaling molecules have been demonstrated to be beneficial for the prevention of GVHD. However, these remain to be verified in clinical therapy. It is also important and necessary to consider adopting individualized treatment based on GVHD subtypes, pathological mechanisms involved and stages. In the future, it is hoped that the identification of novel therapeutic targets and systematic research strategies may yield novel safe and effective approaches in clinic to improve outcomes of GVHD further. In this article, we reviewed the current advances in targeted immunotherapy for the prevention of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education, Ministry of China, Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education, Ministry of China, Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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31
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Milward KF, Wood KJ, Hester J. Enhancing human regulatory T cells in vitro for cell therapy applications. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Li Z, Gu J, Zhu Q, Liu J, Lu H, Lu Y, Wang X. Obese donor mice splenocytes aggravated the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease via regulating differentiation of Tregs and CD4 + T cell induced-type I inflammation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74880-74896. [PMID: 29088831 PMCID: PMC5650386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains one of the most severe complications in organ and bone marrow transplantation, leading to much morbidity and mortality. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of development of various inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of obese donor splenocytes on the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). In this study, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) in vitro showed that obese donor mouse CD4+ T cell promoted the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Meanwhile, the inducible Tregs population decreased greatly in obese donor mouse CD4+ T cells' induction group, compared with normal group. Then in the murine aGVHD model, we found that obese donor splenocytes dramatically increased the severity of aGVHD through down-regulating immune tolerance while enhancing systemic and local immunity. Moreover, we showed that aGVHD induced by obese donors resulted in massive expansion of donor CD3+ T cells, release of Th1-related cytokines, interleukin-17 (IL-17) and chemokines, significant increase of Th17 cells and inhibition of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impaired suppressive ability of donor Tregs. Expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Raptor increased, while the phosphorylation level of SMAD3 was decreased in the skin, intestine, lung and liver from obese donor splenocytes-treated aGVHD mice. Furthermore, at mRNA and protein levels, we defined several molecules that may account for the enhanced ability of obese donor splenocytes to migrate into target organs, such as IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCR3, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL3. Therefore, these results imply that obese donor cells may be related to the risk of aGVHD and helping obese donor individuals lose weight represent a compulsory clinical strategy before implementing transplantation to control aGVHD of recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyao Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Betts BC, Pidala J, Kim J, Mishra A, Nishihori T, Perez L, Ochoa-Bayona JL, Khimani F, Walton K, Bookout R, Nieder M, Khaira DK, Davila M, Alsina M, Field T, Ayala E, Locke FL, Riches M, Kharfan-Dabaja M, Fernandez H, Anasetti C. IL-2 promotes early Treg reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Haematologica 2017; 102:948-957. [PMID: 28104702 PMCID: PMC5477614 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.153072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a major cause of transplant-related mortality. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) plus sirolimus (SIR) synergistically reduces acute GvHD in rodents and promotes regulatory T cells. This phase II trial tested the hypothesis that IL-2 would facilitate STAT5 phosphorylation in donor T cells, expand regulatory T cells, and ameliorate GvHD. Between 16th April 2014 and 19th December 2015, 20 patients received IL-2 (200,000 IU/m2 thrice weekly, days 0 to +90) with SIR (5-14 ng/mL) and tacrolimus (TAC) (3-7 ng/mL) after HLA-matched related or unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The study was designed to capture an increase in regulatory T cells from 16.0% to more than 23.2% at day +30. IL-2/SIR/TAC significantly increased regulatory T cells at day +30 compared to our published data with SIR/TAC (23.8% vs. 16.0%, P=0.0016; 0.052 k/uL vs. 0.037 k/uL, P=0.0163), achieving the primary study end point. However, adding IL-2 to SIR/TAC led to a fall in regulatory T cells by day +90 and did not reduce acute or chronic GvHD. Patients who discontinued IL-2 before day +100 showed a suggested trend toward less grade II-IV acute GvHD (16.7% vs. 50%, P=0.1475). We surmise that the reported accumulation of IL-2 receptors in circulation over time may neutralize IL-2, lead to progressive loss of regulatory T cells, and offset its clinical efficacy. The amount of phospho-STAT3+ CD4+ T cells correlated with donor T-cell activation and acute GvHD incidence despite early T-cell STAT5 phosphorylation by IL-2. Optimizing IL-2 dosing and overcoming cytokine sequestration by soluble IL-2 receptor may sustain lasting regulatory T cells after transplantation. However, an approach to target STAT3 is needed to enhance GvHD prevention. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 01927120).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Betts
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Pidala
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Asmita Mishra
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lia Perez
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Farhad Khimani
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kelly Walton
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Bookout
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Nieder
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Divis K Khaira
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marco Davila
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melissa Alsina
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Field
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ernesto Ayala
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Frederick L Locke
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marcie Riches
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Hugo Fernandez
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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da Silva MB, da Cunha FF, Terra FF, Camara NOS. Old game, new players: Linking classical theories to new trends in transplant immunology. World J Transplant 2017; 7:1-25. [PMID: 28280691 PMCID: PMC5324024 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary emergence of an efficient immune system has a fundamental role in our survival against pathogenic attacks. Nevertheless, this same protective mechanism may also establish a negative consequence in the setting of disorders such as autoimmunity and transplant rejection. In light of the latter, although research has long uncovered main concepts of allogeneic recognition, immune rejection is still the main obstacle to long-term graft survival. Therefore, in order to define effective therapies that prolong graft viability, it is essential that we understand the underlying mediators and mechanisms that participate in transplant rejection. This multifaceted process is characterized by diverse cellular and humoral participants with innate and adaptive functions that can determine the type of rejection or promote graft acceptance. Although a number of mediators of graft recognition have been described in traditional immunology, recent studies indicate that defining rigid roles for certain immune cells and factors may be more complicated than originally conceived. Current research has also targeted specific cells and drugs that regulate immune activation and induce tolerance. This review will give a broad view of the most recent understanding of the allogeneic inflammatory/tolerogenic response and current insights into cellular and drug therapies that modulate immune activation that may prove to be useful in the induction of tolerance in the clinical setting.
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Fasching P, Stradner M, Graninger W, Dejaco C, Fessler J. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Th17/Treg Axis in Autoimmune Disorders. Molecules 2017; 22:E134. [PMID: 28098832 PMCID: PMC6155880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A disruption of the crucial balance between regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and Th17-cells was recently implicated in various autoimmune disorders. Tregs are responsible for the maintenance of self-tolerance, thus inhibiting autoimmunity, whereas pro-inflammatory Th17-cells contribute to the induction and propagation of inflammation. Distortion of the Th17/Treg balance favoring the pro-inflammatory Th17 side is hence suspected to contribute to exacerbation of autoimmune disorders. This review aims to summarize recent data and advances in targeted therapeutic modification of the Th17/Treg-balance, as well as information on the efficacy of candidate therapeutics with respect to the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Pyrroles/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Ustekinumab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Fasching
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Stradner
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Winfried Graninger
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christian Dejaco
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Johannes Fessler
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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Targeting Cytokines in GVHD Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2017; 2:90-99. [PMID: 28819653 PMCID: PMC5557058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of donor-derived allogeneic hematopoietic cells causes increased survival in patients suffering from various blood cancers and other hematologic and immunologic diseases. However, this health benefit is limited to certain patients. One major complication is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that occurs when donor-derived immune cells recognize host cells/tissues as foreign and perpetrate subsequent destruction. Cytokines are a major class of effector molecules that are involved in GVHD pathogenesis. Proinflammatory cytokines released by activated immune cells including T cells lead to the onset of GVHD. T cell depletion (TCD) is an effective approach for GVHD prevention. Several immune suppressive drugs are also used to treat GVHD. However, these prophylactic and treatment strategies often lead to an immune compromised state that increases the risk for infection and cancer relapse. Considering the adverse effects of TCD and overall immune suppression, more selective managements such as approaches targeting proinflammatory cytokines have emerged as a promising strategy to control GVHD. Therefore, this work is dedicated to review recent development in the studies of cytokines and their future implication in GVHD therapy.
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Iyama S, Sato T, Ohnishi H, Kanisawa Y, Ohta S, Kondo T, Mori A, Tsutsumi Y, Kuroda H, Kakinoki Y, Yamamoto S, Takahashi T, Shindo M, Torimoto Y, Sato K, Iwasaki H, Haseyama Y, Kohda K, Nagamachi Y, Hirayama Y, Sakai H, Hirata Y, Fukuhara T, Ikeda H, Kobune M, Kato J, Kurosawa M. A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Mogamulizumab Efficacy in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:23-30.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Shen XF, Jiang JP, Yang JJ, Wang WZ, Guan WX, Du JF. Donor-Specific Regulatory T Cells Acquired from Tolerant Mice Bearing Cardiac Allograft Promote Mixed Chimerism and Prolong Intestinal Allograft Survival. Front Immunol 2016; 7:511. [PMID: 27909438 PMCID: PMC5113131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of donor-specific transplant tolerance has always been a central problem for small bowel transplantation (SBT), which is thought to be the best therapy for end-stage bowel failure. With the development of new tolerance-inducing strategies, mixed chimerism induced by co-stimulation blockade has become most potent for tolerance of allografts, such as skin, kidney, and heart. However, a lack of clinically available co-stimulation blockers has hindered efficient application in humans. Furthermore, unlike those for other types of solid organ transplantation, strategies to induce robust mixed chimerism for intestinal allografts have not been fully developed. To improve current mixed chimerism induction protocols for future clinical application, we developed a new protocol using donor-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells from mice with heart allograft tolerance, immunosuppressive drugs which could be used clinically and low doses of irradiation. Our results demonstrated that donor-specific Treg cells acquired from tolerant mice after in vitro expansion generate stable chimerism and lead to acceptance of intestinal allograft. Increased intragraft Treg cells and clonal deletion contribute to the development of SBT tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Jin-Peng Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PLA Army General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wen-Xian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Jun-Feng Du
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Army General Hospital , Beijing , China
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Xiao W, Yin M, Wu K, Lu G, Deng B, Zhang Y, Qian L, Jia X, Ding Y, Gong W. High-dose wogonin exacerbates DSS-induced colitis by up-regulating effector T cell function and inhibiting Treg cell. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:286-298. [PMID: 27641629 PMCID: PMC5264153 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wogonin exerts anti‐tumour activities via multiple mechanisms. We have identified that high‐dose wogonin (50 or 100 mg/kg) could inhibit the growth of transplanted tumours by directly inducing tumour apoptosis and promoting DC, T and NK cell recruitment into tumour tissues to enhance immune surveillance. However, wogonin (20–50 μM) ex vivo prevents inflammation by inhibiting NF‐κB and Erk signalling of macrophages and epithelial cells. It is elusive whether high‐dose wogonin promotes or prevents inflammation. To investigate the effects of high‐dose wogonin on murine colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), mice were co‐treated with DSS and various doses of wogonin. Intraperitoneal administration of wogonin (100 mg/kg) exacerbated DSS‐induced murine colitis. More CD4+CD44+ and CD8+CD44+ cells were located in the inflamed colons in the wogonin (100 mg/kg) treatment group than in the other groups. Frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127− and CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ cells in the colons and spleen respectively, were reduced by wogonin treatment. Ex vivo stimulations with high‐dose wogonin (50–100 μg/ml equivalent to 176–352 μM) could synergize with IL‐2 to promote the functions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. However, regulatory T cell induction was inhibited. Wogonin stimulated the activation of NF‐κB and Erk but down‐regulated STAT3 phosphorylation in the CD4+ T cells. Wogonin down‐regulated Erk and STAT3‐Y705 phosphorylation in the regulatory T cells but promoted NF‐κB and STAT3‐S727 activation. Our study demonstrated that high‐dose wogonin treatments would enhance immune activity by stimulating the effector T cells and by down‐regulating regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Keyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Theory and Treatment on Toxicity of Stomach Cancer, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
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40
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Boieri M, Shah P, Dressel R, Inngjerdingen M. The Role of Animal Models in the Study of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and GvHD: A Historical Overview. Front Immunol 2016; 7:333. [PMID: 27625651 PMCID: PMC5003882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only therapeutic option for many hematological malignancies, but its applicability is limited by life-threatening complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The last decades have seen great advances in the understanding of BMT and its related complications; in particular GvHD. Animal models are beneficial to study complex diseases, as they allow dissecting the contribution of single components in the development of the disease. Most of the current knowledge on the therapeutic mechanisms of BMT derives from studies in animal models. Parallel to BMT, the understanding of the pathophysiology of GvHD, as well as the development of new treatment regimens, has also been supported by studies in animal models. Pre-clinical experimentation is the basis for deep understanding and successful improvements of clinical applications. In this review, we retrace the history of BMT and GvHD by describing how the studies in animal models have paved the way to the many advances in the field. We also describe how animal models contributed to the understanding of GvHD pathophysiology and how they are fundamental for the discovery of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Boieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pranali Shah
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Alsuliman A, Appel SH, Beers DR, Basar R, Shaim H, Kaur I, Zulovich J, Yvon E, Muftuoglu M, Imahashi N, Kondo K, Liu E, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. A robust, good manufacturing practice-compliant, clinical-scale procedure to generate regulatory T cells from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for adoptive cell therapy. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1312-24. [PMID: 27497700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a fundamental role in the maintenance of self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Defects in Treg function and/or frequencies have been reported in multiple disease models. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons. Compelling evidence supports a neuroprotective role for Tregs in this disease. Indeed, rapid progression in ALS patients is associated with decreased FoxP3 expression and Treg frequencies. Thus, we propose that strategies to restore Treg number and function may slow disease progression in ALS. In this study, we developed a robust, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant procedure to enrich and expand Tregs from ALS patients. Tregs isolated from these patients were phenotypically similar to those from healthy individuals but were impaired in their ability to suppress T-cell effector function. In vitro expansion of Tregs for 4 weeks in the presence of GMP-grade anti-CD3/CD28 beads, interleukin (IL)-2 and rapamcyin resulted in a 25- to 200-fold increase in their number and restored their immunoregulatory activity. Collectively, our data facilitate and support the implementation of clinical trials of adoptive therapy with ex vivo expanded and highly suppressive Tregs in patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsuliman
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stanley H Appel
- Peggy and Gary Edwards ALS Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David R Beers
- Peggy and Gary Edwards ALS Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafet Basar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hila Shaim
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Indresh Kaur
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jane Zulovich
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Yvon
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Muharrem Muftuoglu
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Imahashi
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kayo Kondo
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Enli Liu
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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42
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In Vivo Expansion of Regulatory T Cells by Low-Dose Interleukin-2 Treatment Increases Allograft Survival in Corneal Transplantation. Transplantation 2016; 100:525-32. [PMID: 26881788 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal allograft survival dramatically decreases in hosts with inflamed or vascularized recipient beds. We have previously shown that in rejected corneal allografts regulatory T cells (Treg) demonstrate diminished Foxp3 expression and immunoregulatory function. Treatment with low doses of IL-2 selectively expands Treg and has been proposed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of low-dose IL-2 administration on Treg function and corneal allograft survival. METHODS Allogeneic corneal transplantation was performed on inflamed host beds. Low-dose systemic IL-2 was administered starting 3 days before grafting until 6 weeks after transplantation. Frequencies of Treg and their immunosuppressive function and antigen specificity were assessed using flow cytometry, in vitro proliferation assays, and adoptive transfer experiments. Frequencies of effector T cells (Teff) and graft infiltrating immune cells were measured at 2 weeks posttransplantation. Long-term allograft survival was evaluated for up to 9 weeks using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Treatment with low-dose IL-2 significantly increased frequencies of CD4CD25Foxp3 Treg and their immunosuppressive function. It also suppressed alloimmune response as shown by the decreased CD4 IFNγ T cell frequencies and graft infiltration of CD45 and CD4 cells. Clinical evaluation of the grafts showed significant improvement in long-term corneal allograft survival in the IL-2 treated group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to report that treatment with low-dose IL-2 increases survival of corneal allografts. We propose that IL-2-mediated Treg expansion can be an effective tool to prevent alloimmunity and to improve long-term allograft survival in transplantation.
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Corruption of dendritic cell antigen presentation during acute GVHD leads to regulatory T-cell failure and chronic GVHD. Blood 2016; 128:794-804. [PMID: 27338097 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-680876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major cause of late mortality following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and is characterized by tissue fibrosis manifesting as scleroderma and bronchiolitis obliterans. The development of acute GVHD (aGVHD) is a powerful clinical predictor of subsequent cGVHD, suggesting that aGVHD may invoke the immunologic pathways responsible for cGVHD. In preclinical models in which sclerodermatous cGVHD develops after a preceding period of mild aGVHD, we show that antigen presentation within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II of donor dendritic cells (DCs) is markedly impaired early after BMT. This is associated with a failure of regulatory T-cell (Treg) homeostasis and cGVHD. Donor DC-restricted deletion of MHC class II phenocopied this Treg deficiency and cGVHD. Moreover, specific depletion of donor Tregs after BMT also induced cGVHD, whereas adoptive transfer of Tregs ameliorated it. These data demonstrate that the defect in Treg homeostasis seen in cGVHD is a causative lesion and is downstream of defective antigen presentation within MHC class II that is induced by aGVHD.
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Gu L, Deng WS, Sun XF, Zhou H, Xu Q. Rapamycin ameliorates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice through reciprocal regulation of the Th17/Treg cell balance. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1153-61. [PMID: 27315465 PMCID: PMC4940054 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations have suggested that the activation of Th17 cells and/or deficiency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of rapamycin on immune responses in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced murine liver fibrosis model. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration with CCl4. Following injection of CCl4, the mice were treated intraperitoneally with rapamycin (1.25 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used for histological examination. The protein levels of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor P3, retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-γt in liver tissue were determined by western blotting, the frequency of Th17 and Treg cells in the liver was evaluated by flow cytometry, and a suppression assay was measured by incorporating [3H]-thymidine. In addition, to explore the effect of Tregs expanded with rapamycin on hepatic stellate cells (HSC), HSCs were co-cultured with Tregs from rapamycin or phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice. It was found that rapamycin treatment led to a significant reduction in the number of Th17 cells and in the expression levels of ROR-γt in the liver tissues. Simultaneously, the results of the present study showed a significant increase in the frequency of Tregs and a marked enhancement in the expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor P3 in the rapamycin-treated mice. Furthermore, the Tregs in rapamycin-treated mice had significantly higher suppressive effects, compared with the cells from mice treated with phospphate-buffered saline. Consequently, rapamycin treatment prevented the development of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, which was shown by its histological appearances. These results suggested that the immunosuppressive effect of rapamycin on liver fibrosis was associated with the suppression of hepatic fibrogenesis and regulation of the Th17/Treg cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Sheng Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fei Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Yu M, Wang J, Fang Q, Liu P, Chen S, Zhe N, Lin X, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou Z. High expression of heme oxygenase-1 in target organs may attenuate acute graft-versus-host disease through regulation of immune balance of TH17/Treg. Transpl Immunol 2016; 37:10-17. [PMID: 27168057 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Grades III and IV aGVHD are the leading causes of death in allo-HSCT recipients. Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) has anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory functions. In this study, we evaluated the none GVHD and grade I-IV patients samples which were collected at the first re-examination after successful allo-HSCT, we found that expressions of HO-1 mRNA in the bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allo-HSCT recipients who had subsequent non-GVHD and grade I aGVHD were significantly higher than those in patients with Grade III-IV aGVHD. We then demonstrated that enhanced expression of HO-1 in target organs by infusing HO-1-gene-modified Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviated the clinical and histopathological severity of aGVHD in experimental mice. Flow cytometry revealed a higher expression of Treg cells and a lower expression of TH17 cells in splenic and lymph node tissues of mice with enhanced HO-1 expression, as compared to that in the aGVHD mice. This was further substantiated by lower expression levels of ROR-Υt and IL-17A mRNA, and higher levels of Foxp3 mRNA in the splenic tissue of mice with enhanced HO-1 expression. Our results indicate that high expression of HO-1 may reduce the severity of aGVHD by regulation of the TH17/Treg balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisheng Yu
- Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Guizhou Province Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, PR China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China.
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550058, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Nana Zhe
- Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Guizhou Province Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, PR China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhao
- Guizhou Province Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550058, PR China
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Hu S, Chen M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Pei Y, Fan R, Liu X, Wang L, Zhou J, Zheng S, Zhang T, Lin Y, Zhang M, Tao R, Zhong J. mTOR Inhibition Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Suppressing T Cell Proliferation and Balancing TH1/TH17/Treg Profile. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154564. [PMID: 27128484 PMCID: PMC4851424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been established that mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have anti-inflammatory effects in models of experimental colitis. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this research, we investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of AZD8055, a potent mTOR inhibitor, on T cell response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, a commonly used animal model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Severity of colitis is evaluated by changing of body weight, bloody stool, fecal consistency, histology evaluation and cytokine expression. We find that AZD8055 treatment attenuates DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and pathological damage of the colon. And AZD8055 treatment decreases colonic expression of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a and increases colonic expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10. We show that AZD8055 treatment decreases the percentages of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in spleen, lymph nodes and peripheral blood of mice. We also find that AZD8055 treatment significantly reduces the number of T helper 1(TH1) cells and TH17 cells and increases regulatory T (Treg) cells in the lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, we demonstrates that AZD8055 suppresses the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the differentiation of TH1/TH17 cells and expands Treg cells in vitro. The results suggest that, in experimental colitis, AZD8055 exerts anti-inflammatory effect by regulating T helper cell polarization and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Cancer hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yaofei Pei
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sichang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Maochen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (RT)
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (RT)
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Hashimoto A, Sato T, Iyama S, Yoshida M, Ibata S, Tatekoshi A, Kamihara Y, Horiguchi H, Murase K, Kawano Y, Takada K, Miyanishi K, Kobune M, Ichimiya S, Kato J. Narrow-Band Ultraviolet B Phototherapy Ameliorates Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Intestine by Expansion of Regulatory T Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152823. [PMID: 27031239 PMCID: PMC4816442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) has been widely used in dermatological phototherapy. As for the application of NB-UVB phototherapy to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), we previously reported that it was highly efficacious for cutaneous lesions of acute GVHD (aGVHD) and that expansion of regulatory T (Treg) cells induced by NB-UVB might be one of the mechanisms. In order to examine whether NB-UVB irradiation through expansion of Treg cells is effective for the treatment of not only cutaneous aGVHD but also aGVHD of inner organs such as the intestine or liver, we conducted experiments in which a murine lethal aGVHD model, characterized by severe involvement of the intestine, was irradiated with NB-UVB. We found that NB-UVB irradiation improved the clinical score and survival rate. The pathological score of aGVHD was improved in all affected organs: intestine, liver, and skin. In the serum of mice irradiated with NB-UVB, the levels of Treg cells-associated cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated. The numbers of infiltrating Treg cells in inflamed tissue of the intestine and those in spleen were increased in mice treated with NB-UVB. This is the first report demonstrating that NB-UVB phototherapy has the ability to ameliorate intestinal aGVHD through the expansion of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Hashimoto
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iyama
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soushi Ibata
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tatekoshi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamihara
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Horiguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Murase
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Miyanishi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobune
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Kato
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Enhancement of the immunoregulatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells by treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1188-99. [PMID: 26276002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into a number of stromal derivatives of interest for regenerative medicine, but they also have immunoregulatory properties that are being tested in a number of clinical settings. METHODS We show that brief incubations with rapamycin, everolimus, FK506 or cyclosporine A increase the immunosuppressive potency of MSCs and other cell types. RESULTS The treated MSCs are up to 5-fold more potent at inhibiting the induced proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro. We show that this effect probably is due to adsorption of the drug by the MSCs during pre-treatment, with subsequent diffusion into co-cultures at concentrations sufficient to inhibit T-cell proliferation. MSCs contain measurable amounts of rapamycin after a 15-min exposure, and the potentiating effect is blocked by a neutralizing antibody to the drug. With the use of a pre-clinical model of acute graft-versus-host disease, we demonstrate that a low dose of rapamycin-treated but not untreated umbilical cord-derived MSCs significantly inhibit the onset of disease. CONCLUSIONS The use of treated MSCs may achieve clinical end points not reached with untreated MSCs and allow for infusion of fewer cells to reduce costs and minimize potential side effects.
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Yan Z, Xiaoyu Z, Zhixin S, Di Q, Xinyu D, Jing X, Jing H, Wang D, Xi Z, Chunrong Z, Daoxin W. Rapamycin attenuates acute lung injury induced by LPS through inhibition of Th17 cell proliferation in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20156. [PMID: 26888095 PMCID: PMC4757870 DOI: 10.1038/srep20156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells have been confirmed to increase neutrophils through cytokine secretions. ALI/ARDS are characterized as neutrophil infiltration in inflammation cases; however, there is conflicting information concerning the role of Th17 cells in ALI/ARDS, as well as their potential treatment value. We measured Th17-linear cytokines in the plasma of patients with sepsis-related ARDS. The consistently high levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in the nonsurvivors suggested that overreaction of the Th17-mediated immune response may be a risk factor for poor outcomes. Th17 linear cytokines were also increased in an LPS-induced murine model of acute lung injury, along with neutrophil accumulation. The mice that completely lacked IL-17 failed to accumulate and activate neutrophils. Lung inflammation was obviously attenuated in the IL-17(-)/(-) mice. Meanwhile, the neutrophil count was markedly increased in the healthy WT mice challenged with recombinant IL-22 and IL-17. Rapamycin attenuated lung injury by inhibiting the differentiation of Th17 cells through RORγt and STAT3 dysfunction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SOCS3 and Gfi1, which were responsible for the molecular suppression of RORγt and STAT3, were up-regulated by rapamycin. These results point toward a pivotal view to treatment of ALI through weakening the proliferation of Th17 cells with rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhang Xiaoyu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Song Zhixin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qi Di
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Deng Xinyu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xia Jing
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - He Jing
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Deng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhong Xi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhang Chunrong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Yongchuan Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Wang Daoxin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
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Kim N, Jeon YW, Nam YS, Lim JY, Im KI, Lee ES, Cho SG. Therapeutic potential of low-dose IL-2 in a chronic GVHD patient by in vivo expansion of regulatory T cells. Cytokine 2016; 78:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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