1
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Pan Y, Wang C, Zhou W, Shi Y, Meng X, Muhammad Y, Hammer RD, Jia B, Zheng H, Li DP, Liu Z, Hildebrandt G, Kang X. Inhibiting AGTR1 reduces AML burden and protects the heart from cardiotoxicity in mouse models. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadl5931. [PMID: 38896605 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adl5931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Clinical treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) largely relies on intensive chemotherapy. However, the application of chemotherapy is often hindered by cardiotoxicity. Patient sequence data revealed that angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1) is a shared target between AML and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We found that inhibiting AGTR1 sensitized AML to chemotherapy and protected the heart against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in a human AML cell-transplanted mouse model. These effects were regulated by the AGTR1-Notch1 axis in AML cells and cardiomyocytes from mice. In mouse cardiomyocytes, AGTR1 was hyperactivated by AML and chemotherapy. AML leukemogenesis increased the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and led to increased production of angiotensin II, the ligand of AGTR1, in an MLL-AF9-driven AML mouse model. In this model, the AGTR1-Notch1 axis regulated a variety of genes involved with cell stemness and chemotherapy resistance. AML cell stemness was reduced after Agtr1a deletion in the mouse AML cell transplant model. Mechanistically, Agtr1a deletion decreased γ-secretase formation, which is required for transmembrane Notch1 cleavage and release of the Notch1 intracellular domain into the nucleus. Using multiomics, we identified AGTR1-Notch1 signaling downstream genes and found decreased binding between these gene sequences with Notch1 and chromatin enhancers, as well as increased binding with silencers. These findings describe an AML/CVD association that may be used to improve AML treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism
- Cardiotoxicity/metabolism
- Cardiotoxicity/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart/drug effects
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - WenXuan Zhou
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yao Shi
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - XiaDuo Meng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yasir Muhammad
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Richard D Hammer
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Bei Jia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - De-Pei Li
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gerhard Hildebrandt
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - XunLei Kang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at MU Health Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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2
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Weijts B, Robin C. Capturing embryonic hematopoiesis in temporal and spatial dimensions. Exp Hematol 2024:104257. [PMID: 38897373 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the ability to sustain the continuous production of all blood cell types throughout an organism's lifespan. Although primarily located in the bone marrow of adults, HSCs originate during embryonic development. Visualization of the birth of HSCs, their developmental trajectory, and the specific interactions with their successive niches have significantly contributed to our understanding of the biology and mechanics governing HSC formation and expansion. Intravital techniques applied to live embryos or non-fixed samples have remarkably provided invaluable insights into the cellular and anatomical origins of HSCs. These imaging technologies have also shed light on the dynamic interactions between HSCs and neighboring cell types within the surrounding microenvironment or niche, such as endothelial cells or macrophages. This review delves into the advancements made in understanding the origin, production, and cellular interactions of HSCs, particularly during the embryonic development of mice and zebrafish, focusing on studies employing (live) imaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Gomez AR, Byun HR, Wu S, Muhammad AG, Ikbariyeh J, Chen J, Muro A, Li L, Bernstein KE, Ainsworth R, Tourtellotte WG. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) expression in microglia reduces amyloid β deposition and neurodegeneration by increasing SYK signaling and endolysosomal trafficking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590837. [PMID: 38712251 PMCID: PMC11071489 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many gene polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of developing Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD). Many of these LOAD risk-associated alleles alter disease pathogenesis by influencing microglia innate immune responses and lipid metabolism. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), a GWAS LOAD risk-associated gene best known for its role in regulating systemic blood pressure, also enhances innate immunity and lipid processing in peripheral myeloid cells, but a role for ACE in modulating the function of myeloid-derived microglia remains unexplored. Using novel mice engineered to express ACE in microglia and CNS associated macrophages (CAMs), we find that ACE expression in microglia reduces Aβ plaque load, preserves vulnerable neurons and excitatory synapses, and greatly reduces learning and memory abnormalities in the 5xFAD amyloid mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). ACE-expressing microglia show enhanced Aβ phagocytosis and endolysosomal trafficking, increased clustering around amyloid plaques, and increased SYK tyrosine kinase activation downstream of the major Aβ receptors, TREM2 and CLEC7A. Single microglia sequencing and digital spatial profiling identifies downstream SYK signaling modules that are expressed by ACE expression in microglia that mediate endolysosomal biogenesis and trafficking, mTOR and PI3K/AKT signaling, and increased oxidative phosphorylation, while gene silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of SYK activity in ACE-expressing microglia abrogates the potentiated Aβ engulfment and endolysosomal trafficking. These findings establish a role for ACE in enhancing microglial immune function and they identify a potential use for ACE-expressing microglia as a cell-based therapy to augment endogenous microglial responses to Aβ in AD.
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4
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Scarfò R, Randolph LN, Abou Alezz M, El Khoury M, Gersch A, Li ZY, Luff SA, Tavosanis A, Ferrari Ramondo G, Valsoni S, Cascione S, Didelon E, Passerini L, Amodio G, Brandas C, Villa A, Gregori S, Merelli I, Freund JN, Sturgeon CM, Tavian M, Ditadi A. CD32 captures committed haemogenic endothelial cells during human embryonic development. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:719-730. [PMID: 38594587 PMCID: PMC11098737 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
During embryonic development, blood cells emerge from specialized endothelial cells, named haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). As HECs are rare and only transiently found in early developing embryos, it remains difficult to distinguish them from endothelial cells. Here we performed transcriptomic analysis of 28- to 32-day human embryos and observed that the expression of Fc receptor CD32 (FCGR2B) is highly enriched in the endothelial cell population that contains HECs. Functional analyses using human embryonic and human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells revealed that robust multilineage haematopoietic potential is harboured within CD32+ endothelial cells and showed that 90% of CD32+ endothelial cells are bona fide HECs. Remarkably, these analyses indicated that HECs progress through different states, culminating in FCGR2B expression, at which point cells are irreversibly committed to a haematopoietic fate. These findings provide a precise method for isolating HECs from human embryos and human pluripotent stem cell cultures, thus allowing the efficient generation of haematopoietic cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Scarfò
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lauren N Randolph
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monah Abou Alezz
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mahassen El Khoury
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amélie Gersch
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhong-Yin Li
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie A Luff
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Tavosanis
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrari Ramondo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Valsoni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cascione
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Didelon
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Passerini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Amodio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Brandas
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1256-NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Tavian
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Andrea Ditadi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Maheshwari A. Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:60-79. [PMID: 37206580 PMCID: PMC10193650 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as the primary mediators of innate immunity starting from embryonic/fetal development. Macrophage-mediated defenses may not be as antigen-specific as adaptive immunity, but increasing information suggests that these responses do strengthen with repeated immunological triggers. The concept of innate memory in macrophages has been described as "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory (IIM)." As currently understood, this cellular memory is rooted in epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. The recognition of IIM may be particularly important in the fetus and the young neonate who are yet to develop protective levels of adaptive immunity, and could even be of preventive/therapeutic importance in many disorders. There may also be a possibility of therapeutic enhancement with targeted vaccination. This article presents a review of the properties, mechanisms, and possible clinical significance of macrophage-mediated IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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6
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Yvernogeau L, Dainese G, Jaffredo T. Dorsal aorta polarization and haematopoietic stem cell emergence. Development 2023; 150:286251. [PMID: 36602140 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of the aorta microenvironment in the generation of the first haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from specialized haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Despite more than two decades of investigations, we require a better understanding of the cellular and molecular events driving aorta formation and polarization, which will be pivotal to establish the mechanisms that operate during HEC specification and HSC competency. Here, we outline the early mechanisms involved in vertebrate aorta formation by comparing four different species: zebrafish, chicken, mouse and human. We highlight how this process, which is tightly controlled in time and space, requires a coordinated specification of several cell types, in particular endothelial cells originating from distinct mesodermal tissues. We also discuss how molecular signals originating from the aorta environment result in its polarization, creating a unique entity for HSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Yvernogeau
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Dainese
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Maheshwari A. The Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Organ-specific Differentiation of Macrophages in the Developing Intestine. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2022; 1:340-355. [PMID: 36698382 PMCID: PMC9872774 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are large highly motile phagocytic leukocytes that appear early during embryonic development and have been conserved during evolution. The developmental roles of macrophages were first described nearly a century ago, at about the time these cells were being identified as central effectors in phagocytosis and elimination of microbes. Since then, we have made considerable progress in understanding the development of various subsets of macrophages and the diverse roles these cells play in both physiology and disease. This article reviews the phylogeny and the ontogeny of macrophages with a particular focus on the gastrointestinal tract, and the role of these mucosal macrophages in immune surveillance, innate immunity, homeostasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and repair of damaged tissues. We also discuss the importance of these macrophages in the inflammatory changes in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This article presents a combination of our own peer-reviewed clinical and preclinical studies, with an extensive review of the literature using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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8
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Development of the immune system in the human embryo. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:951-955. [PMID: 35042957 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The fetal immune system is highly specialized which is to generate both tolerogenic and protective immune responses to tolerate both self- and maternal-antigens. Fetal T cells with pro-inflammatory potential are born in a tolerogenic environment and are tightly controlled by both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. Fetal B-1 and B-2 B cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively, arise in staggered waves of development from distinct progenitors. Innate immune responses are the key to the protection against infection and adaptive immunity creates memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen. This review aims to discuss the recent advances in understanding the development of immune system in fetus. IMPACT: During gestation, essential developmental changes occur to survive the neonates. At early stage, developmental signals and changes may be influenced due to immune deficiencies.
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9
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Ge Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. Fate of hematopoietic stem cells determined by Notch1 signaling (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:170. [PMID: 35069851 PMCID: PMC8764575 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including silencing, self-renewal or differentiation into blood line cells, is crucial to maintain the homeostasis of the human blood system and prevent leukemia. Notch1, a key receptor in the Notch signaling pathway, plays an important regulatory role in these properties of HSCs, particularly in the maintenance of the stemness of HSCs. In recent decades, the ubiquitination modification of Notch1 has been gradually revealed, and also demonstrated to affect the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs. Therefore, a detailed elucidation of Notch1 and its ubiquitination modification may help to improve understanding of the maintenance of HSC properties and the pathogenesis of leukemia. In addition, it may aid in identifying potential therapeutic targets for specific leukemias and provide potential prognostic indicators for HSC transplantation (HSCT). In the present review, the association between Notch1 and HSCs and the link between the ubiquitination modification of Notch1 and HSCs were described. In addition, the association between abnormal HSCs mediated by Notch1 or ubiquitinated Notch1and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) was also examined, which provides a promising direction for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Ge
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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10
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Sharma GP, Fish BL, Frei AC, Narayanan J, Gasperetti T, Scholler D, Pierce L, Szalewski N, Blue N, Medhora M, Himburg HA. Pharmacological ACE-inhibition Mitigates Radiation-Induced Pneumonitis by Suppressing ACE-expressing Lung Myeloid Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:177-191. [PMID: 35093482 PMCID: PMC9018504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced lung injury is a major dose-limiting toxicity for thoracic radiotherapy patients. In experimental models, treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors mitigates radiation pneumonitis; however, the mechanism of action is not well understood. Here, we evaluate the direct role of ACE inhibition on lung immune cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS ACE expression and activity were determined in the lung immune cell compartment of irradiated adult rats following either high dose fractionated radiation therapy (RT) to the right lung (5 fractions x 9 Gy) or a single dose of 13.5 Gy partial body irradiation (PBI). Mitigation of radiation-induced pneumonitis with the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril was evaluated in the 13.5 Gy rat PBI model. During pneumonitis, we characterized inflammation and immune cell content in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In vitro mechanistic studies were performed using primary human monocytes and the human monocytic THP-1 cell line. RESULTS In both the PBI and fractionated RT models, radiation increased ACE activity in lung immune cells. Treatment with lisinopril improved survival during radiation pneumonitis (p=0.0004). Lisinopril abrogated radiation-induced increases in BALF MCP-1 (CCL2) and MIP-1α cytokine levels (p < 0.0001). Treatment with lisinopril reduced both ACE expression (p=0.006) and frequency of CD45+CD11b+ lung myeloid cells (p=0.004). In vitro, radiation injury acutely increased ACE activity (p=0.045) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (p=0.004) in human monocytes, whereas treatment with lisinopril blocked radiation-induced increases in both ACE and ROS. Interestingly, radiation-induced ROS generation was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of either NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) (p=0.012) or the type 1 angiotensin receptor (AGTR1) (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate radiation-induced ACE activation within the immune compartment promotes the pathogenesis of radiation pneumonitis, while ACE inhibition suppresses activation of pro-inflammatory immune cell subsets. Mechanistically, our in vitro data demonstrate radiation directly activates the ACE/AGTR1 pathway in immune cells and promotes generation of ROS via Nox2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prasad Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Brian L Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Anne C Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Jayashree Narayanan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Dana Scholler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Lauren Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Nathan Szalewski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Noah Blue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Meetha Medhora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Heather A Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin.
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11
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Wang T, Zhang H, Wang K, Cao M, Zhang M, Sun R, Pu Y, Zhang J. The effects of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on benzene-induced hematotoxicity in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112803. [PMID: 34571417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzyme deficiency. Our previous study revealed the level of G6PD changed in wild type (WT) mice after benzene exposure. In this study, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in regulation of benzene-induced hematotoxicity was investigated and other potential pathways were discovered in a G6PD deficiency mouse model. WT and G6PD mutation (G6PDmut) mice were exposed to benzene (diluted in corn oil) at doses of 0 and 160 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection for 5 days/week, 4 weeks. Peripheral blood samples and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were obtained and measured. The levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH),reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected and comet assay was analyzed for DNA damage in BMCs. Finally, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of BMCs was performed. The results showed that white blood cells decreased significantly in G6PDmut mice compared with WT mice after benzene treatment. The ratio of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells significantly decreased in G6PDmut mice exposed to benzene. The reduction of NADPH and GSH revealed the effect on PPP with G6PD deficiency, which then caused the increase of MDA and DNA damage. Finally, RNA-seq results suggested potential genes including SHROOM4, CAMK2B and REN1 played potential roles of G6PD deficiency on benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Renin-angiotensin system and cAMP signaling pathway were potentially involved in the process. Our study provides a better understanding for the effects of G6PD deficiency on benzene-induced hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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12
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Savage AM, Alberio R, Johnson AD. Germline competent mesoderm: the substrate for vertebrate germline and somatic stem cells? Biol Open 2021; 10:272478. [PMID: 34648017 PMCID: PMC8524722 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro production of tissue-specific stem cells [e.g. haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)] is a key goal of regenerative medicine. However, recent efforts to produce fully functional tissue-specific stem cells have fallen short. One possible cause of shortcomings may be that model organisms used to characterize basic vertebrate embryology (Xenopus, zebrafish, chick) may employ molecular mechanisms for stem cell specification that are not conserved in humans, a prominent example being the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs). Germ plasm irreversibly specifies PGCs in many models; however, it is not conserved in humans, which produce PGCs from tissue termed germline-competent mesoderm (GLCM). GLCM is not conserved in organisms containing germ plasm, or even in mice, but understanding its developmental potential could unlock successful production of other stem cell types. GLCM was first discovered in embryos from the axolotl and its conservation has since been demonstrated in pigs, which develop from a flat-disc embryo like humans. Together these findings suggest that GLCM is a conserved basal trait of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, the immortal nature of germ cells suggests that immortality is retained during GLCM specification; here we suggest that the demonstrated pluripotency of GLCM accounts for retention of immortality in somatic stem cell types as well. This article has an associated Future Leaders to Watch interview with the author of the paper. Summary: Recent findings that germline and stem cell specification may differ between species may have important implications for regenerative medicine and the future of stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Savage
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences, Stem Cell Biology, Reprogramming and Pluripotency, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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13
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Murine AGM single-cell profiling identifies a continuum of hemogenic endothelium differentiation marked by ACE. Blood 2021; 139:343-356. [PMID: 34517413 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro generation and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) holds great promise for the treatment of any ailment that relies on bone marrow or blood transplantation. To achieve this, it is essential to resolve the molecular and cellular pathways that govern HSC formation in the embryo. HSCs first emerge in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM) where a rare subset of endothelial cells, hemogenic endothelium (HE), undergoes an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). Here, we present full-length single-cell-RNA-sequencing of the EHT process with a focus on HE and dorsal aorta niche cells. By using Runx1b and Gfi1/1b transgenic reporter mouse models to isolate HE, we uncovered that the pre-HE to HE continuum is specifically marked by Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) expression. We established that HE cells begin to enter the cell cycle near the time of EHT initiation when their morphology still resembles endothelial cells. We further demonstrated that RUNX1 AGM niche cells consist of vascular smooth muscle cells and PDGFRa+ mesenchymal cells and can functionally support hematopoiesis. Overall, our study provides new insights into HE differentiation towards HSC and the role of AGM RUNX1+ niche cells in this process. Our expansive scRNA-seq datasets represents a powerful resource to investigate these processes further.
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14
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Role of macrophages in fetal development and perinatal disorders. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:513-523. [PMID: 33070164 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the fetus and the neonate, altered macrophage function has been implicated not only in inflammatory disorders but also in developmental abnormalities marked by altered onset, interruption, or imbalance of key structural changes. The developmental role of macrophages were first noted nearly a century ago, at about the same time when these cells were being identified as central effectors in phagocytosis and elimination of microbes. Since that time, we have made considerable progress in understanding the diverse roles that these cells play in both physiology and disease. Here, we review the role of fetal and neonatal macrophages in immune surveillance, innate immunity, homeostasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and repair of damaged tissues. We also discuss the possibility of therapeutic manipulation of the relative abundance and activation status of macrophage subsets in various diseases. This article combines peer-reviewed evidence from our own studies with results of an extensive literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. IMPACT: We have reviewed the structure, differentiation, and classification of macrophages in the neonatal period. Neonatal macrophages are derived from embryonic, hepatic, and bone marrow precursors. Macrophages play major roles in tissue homeostasis, innate immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and apoptosis of various cellular lineages in various infectious and inflammatory disorders. Macrophages and related inflammatory mediators could be important therapeutic targets in several neonatal diseases.
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15
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CDX2 regulates ACE expression in blood development and leukemia cells. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2012-2016. [PMID: 33843985 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key PointsExpression of caudal-related homeobox gene 2 (CDX2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) correlates during hematopoietic emergence. This emergence occurs in human and mouse embryos and in human acute myeloid leukemia; CDX2 homeoprotein also binds to the ACE promoter.
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16
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Canu G, Ruhrberg C. First blood: the endothelial origins of hematopoietic progenitors. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:199-211. [PMID: 33783643 PMCID: PMC8205888 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in vertebrate embryos occurs in temporally and spatially overlapping waves in close proximity to blood vascular endothelial cells. Initially, yolk sac hematopoiesis produces primitive erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages. Thereafter, sequential waves of definitive hematopoiesis arise from yolk sac and intraembryonic hemogenic endothelia through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, the endothelial and hematopoietic transcriptional programs are tightly co-regulated to orchestrate a shift in cell identity. In the yolk sac, EHT generates erythro-myeloid progenitors, which upon migration to the liver differentiate into fetal blood cells, including erythrocytes and tissue-resident macrophages. In the dorsal aorta, EHT produces hematopoietic stem cells, which engraft the fetal liver and then the bone marrow to sustain adult hematopoiesis. Recent studies have defined the relationship between the developing vascular and hematopoietic systems in animal models, including molecular mechanisms that drive the hemato-endothelial transcription program for EHT. Moreover, human pluripotent stem cells have enabled modeling of fetal human hematopoiesis and have begun to generate cell types of clinical interest for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Canu
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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17
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Julien E, Biasch K, El Omar R, Freund JN, Gachet C, Lanza F, Tavian M. Renin-angiotensin system is involved in embryonic emergence of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:636-649. [PMID: 33480126 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key element of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), has recently been identified as a new marker of both adult and embryonic human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, whether a full renin-angiotensin pathway is locally present during the hematopoietic emergence is still an open question. In the present study, we show that this enzyme is expressed by hematopoietic progenitors in the developing mouse embryo. Furthermore, ACE and the other elements of RAS-namely angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors-are expressed in the paraaortic splanchnopleura (P-Sp) and in its derivative, the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, both in human and mouse embryos. Their localization is compatible with the existence of a local autocrine and/or paracrine RAS in these hemogenic sites. in vitro perturbation of the RAS by administration of a specific AT1 receptor antagonist inhibits almost totally the generation of blood CD45-positive cells from dissected P-Sp, implying that angiotensin II signaling is necessary for the emergence of hematopoietic cells. Conversely, addition of exogenous angiotensin II peptide stimulates hematopoiesis in culture, with an increase in the number of immature c-Kit+ CD41+ CD31+ CD45+ hematopoietic progenitors, compared to the control. These results highlight a novel role of local-RAS during embryogenesis, suggesting that angiotensin II, via activation of AT1 receptor, promotes the emergence of undifferentiated hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Julien
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katia Biasch
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, ITI InnoVec, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Reine El Omar
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France.,IMoPA, UMR7365 CNRS-University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, ITI InnoVec, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lanza
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuela Tavian
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, ITI InnoVec, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Zhengqi Q, Zezhi G, Lei J, He Q, Jinyao P, Ying A. Prognostic role of PHYH for overall survival (OS) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:9. [PMID: 33468235 PMCID: PMC7816304 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study attempts to evaluate the prognostic role of PHYH for overall survival (OS) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by means of publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Clinical pathologic features and PHYH expression were downloaded from the TCGA database and relationships between them were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and gene–gene interactions were also performed between tissues with different PHYH expression levels. PHYH expression levels were significantly lower in patient with ccRCC compared with normal tissues (p = 1.156e−19). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of PHYH had a better prognosis than low expression (p = 9e−05). Moreover, PHYH expression was also significantly associated with high grade (G2-4, p = 0.025), high stage (StageIII & IV, p = 5.604e−05), and high level of stage_T (T3-4, p = 4.373e−05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that PHYH could be acted as an independent prognostic factor (p < 0.05). Nomogram including clinical pathologic features and PHYH expression were also provided. GSEA revealed that butanoate metabolism, histidine metabolism, propanoate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, PPAR signalling pathway, and renin–angiotensin system were differentially enriched in PHYH high-expression phenotype. ICGC database was utilized to verify the expression level and survival benefit of PHYH (both p < 0.05). We suspect that elevated PHYH expression may be served as a potential prognostic molecular marker of better survival in ccRCC. Besides, alpha-oxidation was closely regulated by PHYH, and PPAR signalling, pyruvate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and RAS might be the key pathways regulated by PHYH in CCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhengqi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Guo Zezhi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiang Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiu He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Pan Jinyao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ao Ying
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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19
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Renin angiotensin system genes are biomarkers for personalized treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with Doxorubicin as well as etoposide. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242497. [PMID: 33237942 PMCID: PMC7688131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of various treatment protocols, response to therapy in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) remains largely unpredictable. Transcriptomic profiling studies have thus far revealed the presence of molecular subtypes of AML that are not accounted for by standard clinical parameters or by routinely used biomarkers. Such molecular subtypes of AML are predicted to vary in response to chemotherapy or targeted therapy. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is an important group of proteins that play a critical role in regulating blood pressure, vascular resistance and fluid/electrolyte balance. RAS pathway genes are also known to be present locally in tissues such as the bone marrow, where they play an important role in leukemic hematopoiesis. In this study, we asked if the RAS genes could be utilized to predict drug responses in patients with AML. We show that the combined in silico analysis of up to five RAS genes can reliably predict sensitivity to Doxorubicin as well as Etoposide in AML. The same genes could also predict sensitivity to Doxorubicin when tested in vitro. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of TNF-alpha and type-I IFN response genes among sensitive, and TGF-beta and fibronectin related genes in resistant cancer cells. However, this does not seem to reflect an epithelial to mesenchymal transition per se. We also identified that RAS genes can stratify patients with AML into subtypes with distinct prognosis. Together, our results demonstrate that genes present in RAS are biomarkers for drug sensitivity and the prognostication of AML.
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20
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Crosse EI, Gordon-Keylock S, Rybtsov S, Binagui-Casas A, Felchle H, Nnadi NC, Kirschner K, Chandra T, Tamagno S, Webb DJ, Rossi F, Anderson RA, Medvinsky A. Multi-layered Spatial Transcriptomics Identify Secretory Factors Promoting Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:822-839.e8. [PMID: 32946788 PMCID: PMC7671940 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first emerge in the embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Studies of model organisms defined intersecting signaling pathways that converge to promote HSC emergence predominantly in the ventral domain of the dorsal aorta. Much less is known about mechanisms driving HSC development in humans. Here, to identify secreted signals underlying human HSC development, we combined spatial transcriptomics analysis of dorsoventral polarized signaling in the aorta with gene expression profiling of sorted cell populations and single cells. Our analysis revealed a subset of aortic endothelial cells with a downregulated arterial signature and a predicted lineage relationship with the emerging HSC/progenitor population. Analysis of the ventrally polarized molecular landscape identified endothelin 1 as an important secreted regulator of human HSC development. The obtained gene expression datasets will inform future studies on mechanisms of HSC development in vivo and on generation of clinically relevant HSCs in vitro. Spatial transcriptome profiling of the human HSC developmental niche Characterization of an HSC precursor population at single-cell resolution Cardiac EGF pathway is ventrally enriched next to developing IAHCs/HSCs Ventrally secreted endothelin promotes development of HSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie I Crosse
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anahi Binagui-Casas
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hannah Felchle
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Nneka C Nnadi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden G61 1QH, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sara Tamagno
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David J Webb
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Fiona Rossi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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21
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Maillard L, Sanfilippo S, Domenech C, Kasmi N, Petit L, Jacques S, Delezoide AL, Guimiot F, Eladak S, Moison D, Nicolas N, Rouiller-Fabre V, Pozzi-Godin S, Mennesson B, Brival ML, Letourneur F, Jaffredo T, Chomienne C, Souyri M. CD117 hi expression identifies a human fetal hematopoietic stem cell population with high proliferation and self-renewal potential. Haematologica 2020; 105:e43-e47. [PMID: 31248971 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.207811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Maillard
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1131, Paris.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7622, Paris.,Centre National de la recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité 7622 et INSERM Unité 1156, Paris
| | - Sandra Sanfilippo
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7622, Paris.,Centre National de la recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité 7622 et INSERM Unité 1156, Paris.,present adress: Diagnostica Stago, Gennevilliers
| | - Carine Domenech
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1131, Paris.,present adress: Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Université Lyon 1, Lyon
| | - Nassima Kasmi
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1131, Paris
| | - Laurence Petit
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7622, Paris.,Centre National de la recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité 7622 et INSERM Unité 1156, Paris
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Genomic, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Anne-Lise Delezoide
- Service de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris.,present adress: Service de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal, Paris
| | | | - Soria Eladak
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), INSERM UMR 967, Laboratoire du Développement des Gonades (LDG), Fontenay-aux-Roses
| | - Delphine Moison
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), INSERM UMR 967, Laboratoire du Développement des Gonades (LDG), Fontenay-aux-Roses
| | - Nour Nicolas
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), INSERM UMR 967, Laboratoire du Développement des Gonades (LDG), Fontenay-aux-Roses
| | - Virginie Rouiller-Fabre
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), INSERM UMR 967, Laboratoire du Développement des Gonades (LDG), Fontenay-aux-Roses
| | | | | | | | - Franck Letourneur
- Genomic, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7622, Paris.,Centre National de la recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité 7622 et INSERM Unité 1156, Paris
| | - Christine Chomienne
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1131, Paris
| | - Michèle Souyri
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1131, Paris.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7622, Paris.,Centre National de la recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité 7622 et INSERM Unité 1156, Paris
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22
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Ciftciler R, Haznedaroglu IC. Pathobiological Interactions of Local Bone Marrow Renin-Angiotensin System and Central Nervous System in Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:425. [PMID: 32903745 PMCID: PMC7438890 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and local paracrin-autocrin-intracrin tissue-based RAS participate in numerous pathobiological events. Pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and pro-thrombotic consequences associated with local RAS activation have been detected at cellular and molecular level. Regenerative progenitor cell therapy in response to RAS modulating pharmacotherapy has emerged as an adjunct in the context of endothelial cell injury and regeneration to improve regeneration of the vascular endothelium. Local hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) RAS symbolizes the place of cross-interaction between vascular biology and cellular events from embryogenesis to definitive hematopoiesis underlying vascular atherosclerosis. The BM microenvironment also contains Mas receptors, which control the proliferative role of Ang 1-7 on hematopoietic stem cells. Ang 1-7 is produced from Ang-II or Ang-I with the help of ACE2. Various tissues and organs also have an effect on the RAS system. The leukocytes contain and synthesize immunoreactive angiotensinogen species capable of producing angiotensin in the basal state or after incubation with renin. The significance of RAS employment in atherosclerosis and hypertension was indicated by novel bidirectional Central Nervous System (CNS) RAS-BM RAS communications. Myeloid cells generated within the context of hematopoietic BM RAS are considered as the initiators and decision shapers in atherosclerosis. Macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesions contain angiotensin peptides by which RAS blockers inhibit monocyte activation and adherence. Furthermore, vascular biology in relation to inflammation and neoplasia is also affected by local tissue RAS. The purpose of this article is to outline interactions of circulating and local angiotensin systems, especially local bone marrow RAS, in the vascular pathobiological microenvironment of CNS.
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23
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Zhao L, Han F, Wang J, Chen J. Current understanding of the administration of mesenchymal stem cells in acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition: a review with a focus on preclinical models. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 31843011 PMCID: PMC6916462 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) can result in long-term functional deficits and has been recognized as a major contributor to chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is termed the AKI-CKD transition. Currently, an effective intervention for this disorder is still lacking. Principally, therapeutic strategies targeting the AKI-CKD transition can be divided into those reducing the severity of AKI or promoting the regenerative process towards beneficially adaptive repair pathways. Considering the fact that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to address both aspects, therapeutic regimens based on MSCs have a promising future. In light of this information, we focus on the currently available evidence associated with MSC therapy involved in the treatment of the AKI-CKD transition and the underlying mechanisms. All of these discussions will contribute to the establishment of a reliable therapeutic strategy for patients with this problem, who can be easily ignored by physicians, and will lead to a better clinical outcome for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junni Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Gomes AM, Kurochkin I, Chang B, Daniel M, Law K, Satija N, Lachmann A, Wang Z, Ferreira L, Ma'ayan A, Chen BK, Papatsenko D, Lemischka IR, Moore KA, Pereira CF. Cooperative Transcription Factor Induction Mediates Hemogenic Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2821-2835.e7. [PMID: 30517869 PMCID: PMC6571141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from specialized endothelial cells by a process termed endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). The genetic program driving human HSPC emergence remains largely unknown. We previously reported that the generation of hemogenic precursor cells from mouse fibroblasts recapitulates developmental hematopoiesis. Here, we demonstrate that human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into hemogenic cells by the same transcription factors. Induced cells display dynamic EHT transcriptional programs, generate hematopoietic progeny, possess HSPC cell surface phenotype, and repopulate immunodeficient mice for 3 months. Mechanistically, GATA2 and GFI1B interact and co-occupy a cohort of targets. This cooperative binding is reflected by engagement of open enhancers and promoters, initiating silencing of fibroblast genes and activating the hemogenic program. However, GATA2 displays dominant and independent targeting activity during the early phases of reprogramming. These findings shed light on the processes controlling human HSC specification and support generation of reprogrammed HSCs for clinical applications. Gomes et al. show that specification of hemogenesis in human fibroblasts is mediated by cooperative transcription factor binding. GATA2 displays dominance, interacts with GFI1B, and recruits FOS to open chromatin, simultaneously silencing the fibroblast program and initiating an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition to definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Gomes
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Betty Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth Law
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Namita Satija
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Lachmann
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin K Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dmitri Papatsenko
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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25
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Cell Adhesion-Mediated Actomyosin Assembly Regulates the Activity of Cubitus Interruptus for Hematopoietic Progenitor Maintenance in Drosophila. Genetics 2019; 212:1279-1300. [PMID: 31138608 PMCID: PMC6707476 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The actomyosin network is involved in crucial cellular processes including morphogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and collective cell migration in Drosophila, Caenorhabditiselegans, and mammals. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila larval blood stem-like progenitors require actomyosin activity for their maintenance. Genetic loss of the actomyosin network from progenitors caused a decline in their number. Likewise, the progenitor population increased upon sustained actomyosin activation via phosphorylation by Rho-associated kinase. We show that actomyosin positively regulates larval blood progenitors by controlling the maintenance factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). Overexpression of the maintenance signal via a constitutively activated construct (ci.HA) failed to sustain Ci-155 in the absence of actomyosin components like Zipper (zip) and Squash (sqh), thus favoring protein kinase A (PKA)-independent regulation of Ci activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a change in cortical actomyosin assembly mediated by DE-cadherin modulates Ci activity, thereby determining progenitor status. Thus, loss of cell adhesion and downstream actomyosin activity results in desensitization of the progenitors to Hh signaling, leading to their differentiation. Our data reveal how cell adhesion and the actomyosin network cooperate to influence patterning, morphogenesis, and maintenance of the hematopoietic stem-like progenitor pool in the developing Drosophila hematopoietic organ.
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26
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Zhang Y, Clay D, Mitjavila-Garcia MT, Alama A, Mennesson B, Berseneff H, Louache F, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Oberlin E. VE-Cadherin and ACE Co-Expression Marks Highly Proliferative Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Human Embryonic Liver. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:165-185. [PMID: 30426841 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances to engineer transplantable hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for research and therapy, an in-depth characterization of the developing human hematopoietic system is still lacking. The human embryonic liver is at the crossroad of several hematopoietic sites and harbors a complex hematopoietic hierarchy, including the first actively dividing HSPCs that will further seed the definitive hematopoietic organs. However, few are known about the phenotypic and functional HSPC organization operating at these stages of development. In this study, using a combination of four endothelial and hematopoietic surface markers, that is, the endothelial-specific marker vascular endothelial-cadherin (Cdh5, CD144), the pan-leukocyte antigen CD45, the hemato-endothelial marker CD34, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143), we identified distinct HSPC subsets, and among them, a population co-expressing the four markers that uniquely harbored an outstanding proliferation potential both ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, we traced back this population to the yolk sac (YS) and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) sites of hematopoietic emergence. Taken together, our data will help to identify human HSPC self-renewal and amplification mechanisms for future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1170, Villejuif, France.,2 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,3 Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Denis Clay
- 4 Inserm UMS 33, Villejuif, France.,5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Teresa Mitjavila-Garcia
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélie Alama
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoit Mennesson
- 8 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, René-Dubos Hospital, Pontoise, France
| | - Helene Berseneff
- 8 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, René-Dubos Hospital, Pontoise, France
| | - Fawzia Louache
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1170, Villejuif, France.,2 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,3 Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Estelle Oberlin
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
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27
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Duan Y, Beli E, Li Calzi S, Quigley JL, Miller RC, Moldovan L, Feng D, Salazar TE, Hazra S, Al-Sabah J, Chalam KV, Phuong Trinh TL, Meroueh M, Markel TA, Murray MC, Vyas RJ, Boulton ME, Parsons-Wingerter P, Oudit GY, Obukhov AG, Grant MB. Loss of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Exacerbates Diabetic Retinopathy by Promoting Bone Marrow Dysfunction. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1430-1440. [PMID: 29761600 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the primary enzyme of the vasoprotective axis of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). We tested the hypothesis that loss of ACE2 would exacerbate diabetic retinopathy by promoting bone marrow dysfunction. ACE2-/y were crossed with Akita mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. When comparing the bone marrow of the ACE2-/y -Akita mice to that of Akita mice, we observed a reduction of both short-term and long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells, a shift of hematopoiesis toward myelopoiesis, and an impairment of lineage- c-kit+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HS/PC) migration and proliferation. Migratory and proliferative dysfunction of these cells was corrected by exposure to angiotensin-1-7 (Ang-1-7), the protective peptide generated by ACE2. Over the duration of diabetes examined, ACE2 deficiency led to progressive reduction in electrical responses assessed by electroretinography and to increases in neural infarcts observed by fundus photography. Compared with Akita mice, ACE2-/y -Akita at 9-months of diabetes showed an increased number of acellular capillaries indicative of more severe diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic and control human subjects, CD34+ cells, a key bone marrow HS/PC population, were assessed for changes in mRNA levels for MAS, the receptor for Ang-1-7. Levels were highest in CD34+ cells from diabetics without retinopathy. Higher serum Ang-1-7 levels predicted protection from development of retinopathy in diabetics. Treatment with Ang-1-7 or alamandine restored the impaired migration function of CD34+ cells from subjects with retinopathy. These data support that activation of the protective RAS within HS/PCs may represents a therapeutic strategy for prevention of diabetic retinopathy. Stem Cells 2018;36:1430-1440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Duan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Eleni Beli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Judith L Quigley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rehae C Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Leni Moldovan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Dongni Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Tatiana E Salazar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sugata Hazra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Jude Al-Sabah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kakarla V Chalam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Thao Le Phuong Trinh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Marya Meroueh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Troy A Markel
- Riley Hospital for Children, Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew C Murray
- Space Life Sciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Ruchi J Vyas
- Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, California, USA
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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28
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Kohlstedt K, Trouvain C, Frömel T, Mudersbach T, Henschler R, Fleming I. Role of the angiotensin-converting enzyme in the G-CSF-induced mobilization of progenitor cells. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:18. [PMID: 29549541 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being a peptidase, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) can be phosphorylated and involved in signal transduction. We evaluated the role of ACE in granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) mobilization and detected a significant increase in mice-lacking ACE. Transplantation experiments revealed that the loss of ACE in the HPC microenvironment rather than in the HPCs increased mobilization. Indeed, although ACE was expressed by a small population of bone-marrow cells, it was more strongly expressed by endosteal bone. Interestingly, there was a physical association of ACE with the G-CSF receptor (CD114), and G-CSF elicited ACE phosphorylation on Ser1270 in vivo and in vitro. A transgenic mouse expressing a non-phosphorylatable ACE (ACES/A) mutant demonstrated increased G-CSF-induced HPC mobilization and decreased G-CSF-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. These results indicate that ACE expression/phosphorylation in the bone-marrow niche interface negatively regulates G-CSF-induced signaling and HPC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kohlstedt
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Caroline Trouvain
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Mudersbach
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Blood Donor Services Zürich and Chur, Swiss Red Cross, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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29
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Narayan R, Agarwal T, Mishra D, Maiti TK, Mohanty S. Goat tendon collagen-human fibrin hydrogel for comprehensive parametric evaluation of HUVEC microtissue-based angiogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 163:291-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Amati E, Perbellini O, Rotta G, Bernardi M, Chieregato K, Sella S, Rodeghiero F, Ruggeri M, Astori G. High-throughput immunophenotypic characterization of bone marrow- and cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells reveals common and differentially expressed markers: identification of angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) as a marker differentially expressed between adult and perinatal tissue sources. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:10. [PMID: 29338788 PMCID: PMC5771027 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a heterogeneous population of multipotent progenitors used in the clinic because of their immunomodulatory properties and their ability to differentiate into multiple mesodermal lineages. Although bone marrow (BM) remains the most common MSC source, cord blood (CB) can be collected noninvasively and without major ethical concerns. Comparative studies comprehensively characterizing the MSC phenotype across several tissue sources are still lacking. This study provides a 246-antigen immunophenotypic analysis of BM- and CB-derived MSC aimed at identifying common and strongly expressed MSC markers as well as the existence of discriminating markers between the two sources. METHODS BM-MSC (n = 4) were expanded and analyzed as bulk (n = 6) or single clones isolated from the bulk culture (n = 3). CB-MSC (n = 6) were isolated and expanded as single clones in 5/6 samples. The BM-MSC and CB-MSC phenotype was investigated by flow cytometry using a panel of 246 monoclonal antibodies. To define the markers common to both sources, those showing the smallest variation between samples (coefficient of variation of log2 fold increase ≤ 0.5, n = 59) were selected for unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (HCL). Differentially expressed markers were identified by directly comparing the expression of all 246 antigens between BM-MSC and CB-MSC. RESULTS Based on HCL, 18 markers clustered as strongly expressed in BM-MSC and CB-MSC, including alpha-smooth muscle antigen (SMA), beta-2-microglobulin, CD105, CD13, CD140b, CD147, CD151, CD276, CD29, CD44, CD47, CD59, CD73, CD81, CD90, CD98, HLA-ABC, and vimentin. All except CD140b and alpha-SMA were suitable for the specific identification of ex-vivo expanded MSC. Notably, only angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) was exclusively expressed on BM-MSC. CD143 expression was tested on 10 additional BM-MSC and CB-MSC and on 10 umbilical cord- and adipose tissue-derived MSC samples, confirming that its expression is restricted to adult sources. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that has comprehensively compared the phenotype of BM-MSC and CB-MSC. We have identified markers that could complement the minimal panel proposed for the in-vitro MSC definition, being shared and strongly expressed by BM- and CB-derived MSC. We have also identified CD143 as a marker exclusively expressed on MSC derived from adult tissue sources. Further studies will elucidate the biological role of CD143 and its potential association with tissue-specific MSC features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ruggeri
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
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Ivanovs A, Rybtsov S, Ng ES, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Medvinsky A. Human haematopoietic stem cell development: from the embryo to the dish. Development 2017; 144:2323-2337. [PMID: 28676567 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge during embryogenesis and give rise to the adult haematopoietic system. Understanding how early haematopoietic development occurs is of fundamental importance for basic biology and medical sciences, but our knowledge is still limited compared with what we know of adult HSCs and their microenvironment. This is particularly true for human haematopoiesis, and is reflected in our current inability to recapitulate the development of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells in vitro In this Review, we discuss what is known of human haematopoietic development: the anatomical sites at which it occurs, the different temporal waves of haematopoiesis, the emergence of the first HSCs and the signalling landscape of the haematopoietic niche. We also discuss the extent to which in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells recapitulates bona fide human developmental haematopoiesis, and outline some future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Ivanovs
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.,Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Ng
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia .,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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Dóra D, Fejszák N, Goldstein AM, Minkó K, Nagy N. Ontogeny of ramified CD45 cells in chicken embryo and their contribution to bursal secretory dendritic cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:353-370. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to HOXA+ hemogenic vasculature that resembles the aorta-gonad-mesonephros. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:1168-1179. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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34
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Julien E, El Omar R, Tavian M. Origin of the hematopoietic system in the human embryo. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3987-4001. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Julien
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
| | - Reine El Omar
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
| | - Manuela Tavian
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
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Kim S, Zingler M, Harrison JK, Scott EW, Cogle CR, Luo D, Raizada MK. Angiotensin II Regulation of Proliferation, Differentiation, and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Hypertension 2016; 67:574-84. [PMID: 26781279 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that differentiation and mobilization of hematopoietic cell are critical in the development and establishment of hypertension and hypertension-linked vascular pathophysiology. This, coupled with the intimate involvement of the hyperactive renin-angiotensin system in hypertension, led us to investigate the hypothesis that chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion affects hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulation at the level of the bone marrow. Ang II infusion resulted in increases in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (83%) and long-term HSC (207%) in the bone marrow. Interestingly, increases of HSCs and long-term HSCs were more pronounced in the spleen (228% and 1117%, respectively). Furthermore, we observed higher expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 2 in these HSCs, indicating there was increased myeloid differentiation in Ang II-infused mice. This was associated with accumulation of C-C chemokine receptor type 2(+) proinflammatory monocytes in the spleen. In contrast, decreased engraftment efficiency of GFP(+) HSC was observed after Ang II infusion. Time-lapse in vivo imaging and in vitro Ang II pretreatment demonstrated that Ang II induces untimely proliferation and differentiation of the donor HSC resulting in diminished HSC engraftment and bone marrow reconstitution. We conclude that (1) chronic Ang II infusion regulates HSC proliferation, mediated by angiotensin receptor type 1a, (2) Ang II accelerates HSC to myeloid differentiation resulting in accumulation of C-C chemokine receptor type 2(+) HSCs and inflammatory monocytes in the spleen, and (3) Ang II impairs homing and reconstitution potentials of the donor HSCs. These observations highlight the important regulatory roles of Ang II on HSC proliferation, differentiation, and engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbum Kim
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Michael Zingler
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Jeffrey K Harrison
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Edward W Scott
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Defang Luo
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville.
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Belyea BC, Xu F, Pentz ES, Medrano S, Li M, Hu Y, Turner S, Legallo R, Jones CA, Tario JD, Liang P, Gross KW, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA. Identification of renin progenitors in the mouse bone marrow that give rise to B-cell leukaemia. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3273. [PMID: 24549417 PMCID: PMC3929784 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell of origin and triggering events for leukaemia are mostly unknown. Here we show that the bone marrow contains a progenitor that expresses renin throughout development and possesses a B-lymphocyte pedigree. This cell requires RBP-J to differentiate. Deletion of RBP-J in these renin-expressing progenitors enriches the precursor B-cell gene programme and constrains lymphocyte differentiation, facilitated by H3K4me3 activating marks in genes that control the pre-B stage. Mutant cells undergo neoplastic transformation, and mice develop a highly penetrant B-cell leukaemia with multi-organ infiltration and early death. These renin-expressing cells appear uniquely vulnerable as other conditional models of RBP-J deletion do not result in leukaemia. The discovery of these unique renin progenitors in the bone marrow and the model of leukaemia described herein may enhance our understanding of normal and neoplastic haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Belyea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Ellen S Pentz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Silvia Medrano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Minghong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Stephen Turner
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Robin Legallo
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Craig A Jones
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Joseph D Tario
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | | | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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37
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Exacerbation of acute kidney injury by bone marrow stromal cells from rats with persistent renin–angiotensin system activation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:735-47. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) severely abated the therapeutic functionality of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Because BMSCs contribute to tissue repair and regeneration, end-organ damage associated with overtly active RAS and hypertension may be exacerbated by BMSC dysfunctionality.
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Uz B, Tatonyan SÇ, Sayitoğlu M, Erbilgin Y, Hatırnaz O, Aksu S, Büyükaşık Y, Sayınalp N, Göker H, Ozcebe Oİ, Ozbek U, Haznedaroğlu IC. Local Renin-Angiotensin system in normal hematopoietic and multiple myeloma-related progenitor cells. Turk J Haematol 2014; 31:136-42. [PMID: 25035670 PMCID: PMC4102040 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2013.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The prominent functions of the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in primitive hematopoiesis further support the hypothesis that local autocrine bone marrow RAS could also be active in neoplastic hematopoiesis. The aim of this study is to examine critical RAS elements in normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and multiple myeloma (MM)-related progenitor cells. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised the total bone marrow cells (CBM) of 10 hematologically normal people, the CD34+ stem cell samples (CD34+CBM) of 9 healthy donors for allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation, and the CD34+ stem cell samples (CD34+MM) of 9 MM patients undergoing autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. We searched for the gene expression of the major RAS components in healthy hematopoietic cells and myeloma cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: RENIN, angiotensinogen (ANGTS), and angiotensin converting enzyme-I (ACE I) mRNA expression levels of CBM were significantly higher than those in myeloma patients (p=0.03, p=0.002, and p=0.0008, respectively). Moreover, RENIN and ANGTS mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in CD34+ stem cell samples of healthy allogeneic donors compared to those in myeloma patients (p=0.001 and p=0.01). However, ACE I expression levels were similar in CD34+CBM and CD34+MM hematopoietic cells (p=0.89). Conclusion: Although found to be lower than in the CBM and CD34+CBM hematopoietic cells, the local RAS components were also expressed in CD34+MM hematopoietic cells. This point should be kept in mind while focusing on the immunobiology of MM and the processing of autologous cells during the formation of transplantation treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Uz
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suzin Çatal Tatonyan
- İstanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Müge Sayitoğlu
- İstanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yücel Erbilgin
- İstanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozden Hatırnaz
- İstanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Salih Aksu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yahya Büyükaşık
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Sayınalp
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Göker
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman İ Ozcebe
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Ozbek
- İstanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Department of Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim C Haznedaroğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
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Rodgers KE, diZerega GS. Contribution of the Local RAS to Hematopoietic Function: A Novel Therapeutic Target. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:157. [PMID: 24167502 PMCID: PMC3805949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has long been a known endocrine system that is involved in regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. Over the last two decades, evidence has accrued that shows that there are local RAS that can affect cellular activity, tissue injury, and tissue regeneration. There are locally active ligand peptides, mediators, receptors, and signaling pathways of the RAS in the bone marrow (BM). This system is fundamentally involved and controls the essential steps of primitive and definitive blood-cell production. Hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, formation of monocytic and lymphocytic lineages, as well as stromal elements are regulated by the local BM RAS. The expression of a local BM RAS has been shown in very early, primitive embryonic hematopoiesis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-1, CD143) is expressed on the surface of hemangioblasts and isolation of the CD143 positive cells allows for recovery of all hemangioblast activity, the first endothelial and hematopoietic cells, forming the marrow cavity in the embryo. CD143 expression also marks long-term blood-forming CD34+ BM cells. Expression of receptors of the RAS is modified in the BM with cellular maturation and by injury. Ligation of the receptors of the RAS has been shown to modify the status of the BM resulting in accelerated hematopoiesis after injury. The aim of the present review is to outline the known functions of the local BM RAS within the context of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis as well as modification of BM recovery by administration of exogenous ligands of the RAS. Targeting the actions of local RAS molecules could represent a valuable therapeutic option for the management of BM recovery after injury as well as neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Rodgers
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Kathleen E. Rodgers, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics Policy, School of Pharmacy University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA e-mail:
| | - Gere S. diZerega
- US Biotest, Inc., San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pereira CF, Chang B, Qiu J, Niu X, Papatsenko D, Hendry CE, Clark NR, Nomura-Kitabayashi A, Kovacic JC, Ma'ayan A, Schaniel C, Lemischka IR, Moore K. Induction of a hemogenic program in mouse fibroblasts. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:205-18. [PMID: 23770078 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Definitive hematopoiesis emerges during embryogenesis via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. We attempted to induce this process in mouse fibroblasts by screening a panel of factors for hemogenic activity. We identified a combination of four transcription factors, Gata2, Gfi1b, cFos, and Etv6, that efficiently induces endothelial-like precursor cells, with the subsequent appearance of hematopoietic cells. The precursor cells express a human CD34 reporter, Sca1, and Prominin1 within a global endothelial transcription program. Emergent hematopoietic cells possess nascent hematopoietic stem cell gene-expression profiles and cell-surface phenotypes. After transgene silencing and reaggregation culture, the specified cells generate hematopoietic colonies in vitro. Thus, we show that a simple combination of transcription factors is sufficient to induce a complex, dynamic, and multistep developmental program in vitro. These findings provide insights into the specification of definitive hemogenesis and a platform for future development of patient-specific stem and progenitor cells, as well as more-differentiated blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Generation of CD34+ cells from human embryonic stem cells using a clinically applicable methodology and engraftment in the fetal sheep model. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:749-758.e5. [PMID: 23612043 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Until now, ex vivo generation of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) mostly involved use of feeder cells of nonhuman origin. Although they provided invaluable models to study hematopoiesis, in vivo engraftment of hESC-derived HSCs remains a challenging task. In this study, we used a novel coculture system composed of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and peripheral blood CD14(+) monocyte-derived macrophages to generate CD34(+) cells from hESCs in vitro. Human ESC-derived CD34(+) cells generated using this method expressed surface makers associated with adult human HSCs and upregulated hematopoietic stem cell genes comparable to human bone marrow-derived CD34(+) cells. Finally, transplantation of purified hESC-derived CD34(+) cells into the preimmune fetal sheep, primed with transplantation of MSCs derived from the same hESC line, demonstrated multilineage hematopoietic activity with graft presence up to 16 weeks after transplantation. This in vivo demonstration of engraftment and robust multilineage hematopoietic activity by hESC-derived CD34(+) cells lends credence to the translational value and potential clinical utility of this novel differentiation and transplantation protocol.
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42
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Pham H, Schwartz BM, Delmore JE, Reed E, Cruickshank S, Drummond L, Rodgers KE, Peterson KJ, diZerega GS. Pharmacodynamic stimulation of thrombogenesis by angiotensin (1–7) in recurrent ovarian cancer patients receiving gemcitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:965-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Local bone marrow renin-angiotensin system in primitive, definitive and neoplastic haematopoiesis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 124:307-23. [PMID: 23157407 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The locally active ligand peptides, mediators, receptors and signalling pathways of the haematopoietic BM (bone marrow) autocrine/paracrine RAS (renin-angiotensin system) affect the essential steps of definitive blood cell production. Haematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, formation of monocytic and lymphocytic lineages, thrombopoiesis and other stromal cellular elements are regulated by the local BM RAS. The local BM RAS is present and active even in primitive embryonic haematopoiesis. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) is expressed on the surface of the first endothelial and haematopoietic cells, forming the marrow cavity in the embryo. ACE marks early haematopoietic precursor cells and long-term blood-forming CD34(+) BM cells. The local autocrine tissue BM RAS may also be active in neoplastic haematopoiesis. Critical RAS mediators such as renin, ACE, AngII (angiotensin II) and angiotensinogen have been identified in leukaemic blast cells. The local tissue RAS influences tumour growth and metastases in an autocrine and paracrine fashion via the modulation of numerous carcinogenic events, such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, immune responses, cell signalling and extracellular matrix formation. The aim of the present review is to outline the known functions of the local BM RAS within the context of primitive, definitive and neoplastic haematopoiesis. Targeting the actions of local RAS molecules could represent a valuable therapeutic option for the management of neoplastic disorders.
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Bernstein KE, Ong FS, Blackwell WLB, Shah KH, Giani JF, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Shen XZ, Fuchs S, Touyz RM. A modern understanding of the traditional and nontraditional biological functions of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 65:1-46. [PMID: 23257181 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent peptidase responsible for converting angiotensin I into the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. However, ACE is a relatively nonspecific peptidase that is capable of cleaving a wide range of substrates. Because of this, ACE and its peptide substrates and products affect many physiologic processes, including blood pressure control, hematopoiesis, reproduction, renal development, renal function, and the immune response. The defining feature of ACE is that it is composed of two homologous and independently catalytic domains, the result of an ancient gene duplication, and ACE-like genes are widely distributed in nature. The two ACE catalytic domains contribute to the wide substrate diversity of ACE and, by extension, the physiologic impact of the enzyme. Several studies suggest that the two catalytic domains have different biologic functions. Recently, the X-ray crystal structure of ACE has elucidated some of the structural differences between the two ACE domains. This is important now that ACE domain-specific inhibitors have been synthesized and characterized. Once widely available, these reagents will undoubtedly be powerful tools for probing the physiologic actions of each ACE domain. In turn, this knowledge should allow clinicians to envision new therapies for diseases not currently treated with ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Bernstein
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis 2021, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Uz B, Tatonyan SC, Sayitoglu M, Erbilgin Y, Ng OH, Buyukasik Y, Sayinalp N, Aksu S, Goker H, Ozcebe OI, Ozbek U, Haznedaroglu IC. Local hematopoietic renin-angiotensin system in myeloid versus lymphoid hematological neoplastic disorders. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:308-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320312464677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Uz
- Hacettepe University, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Turkey
| | - Suzin Catal Tatonyan
- Istanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Genetics Department, Turkey
| | - Muge Sayitoglu
- Istanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Genetics Department, Turkey
| | - Yucel Erbilgin
- Istanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Genetics Department, Turkey
| | - Ozden Hatirnaz Ng
- Istanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Genetics Department, Turkey
| | - Yahya Buyukasik
- Hacettepe University, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Sayinalp
- Hacettepe University, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Turkey
| | - Salih Aksu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Turkey
| | - Hakan Goker
- Hacettepe University, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Turkey
| | - Osman I Ozcebe
- Hacettepe University, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozbek
- Istanbul University, Institute for Experimental Medicine Research, Genetics Department, Turkey
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46
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Park TS, Zimmerlin L, Zambidis ET. Efficient and simultaneous generation of hematopoietic and vascular progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cytometry A 2012; 83:114-26. [PMID: 22736485 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic and vascular lineages are intimately entwined as they arise together from bipotent hemangioblasts and hemogenic endothelial precursors during human embryonic development. In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells toward these lineages provides opportunities for elucidating the mechanisms of hematopoietic genesis. We previously demonstrated the stepwise in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to definitive erythromyelopoiesis through clonogenic bipotent primitive hemangioblasts. This system recapitulates an orderly hematopoiesis similar to human yolk sac development via the generation of mesodermal-hematoendothelial progenitor cells that give rise to endothelium followed by embryonic primitive and definitive hematopoietic cells. Here, we report that under modified feeder-free endothelial culture conditions, multipotent CD34⁺ CD45⁺ hematopoietic progenitors arise in mass quantities from differentiated hESC and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). These hematopoietic progenitors arose directly from adherent endothelial/stromal cell layers in a manner resembling in vivo hematopoiesis from embryonic hemogenic endothelium. Although fibroblast-derived hiPSC lines were previously found inefficient in hemato-endothelial differentiation capacity, our culture system also supported robust hiPSC hemato-vascular differentiation at levels comparable to hESC. We present comparative differentiation results for simultaneously generating hematopoietic and vascular progenitors from both hESC and fibroblast-hiPSC. This defined, optimized, and low-density differentiation system will be ideal for direct single-cell time course studies of the earliest hematopoietic events using time-lapse videography, or bulk kinetics using flow cytometry analyses on emerging hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Soon Park
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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