1
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Nakamura A, Masuya M, Shinmei M, Tawara I, Nosaka T, Ono R. Bahcc1 is critical for the aberrant epigenetic program in a mouse model of MLL-ENL-mediated leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2193-2206. [PMID: 38452334 PMCID: PMC11061229 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In leukemogenesis, genotoxic stress in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) drives individual context-dependent programs of malignant transformation. In light of the various differentiation stages of HSPCs based on a recently revised definition using CD150/CD48, our analyses showed that a subpopulation of long-term repopulating HSCs was most susceptible to MLL-ENL-mediated transformation. An analysis of the molecular mechanism identified Bromo-adjacent homology domain and coiled-coil containing 1 (Bahcc1), which encodes a reader molecule of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), as a candidate gene involved in distinct susceptibility to leukemic transformation. Interestingly, Bahcc1 was previously reported to be highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an unfavorable prognosis, including some cases of MLL-rearranged AML. We found that MLL-ENL upregulated Bahcc1 through binding to its promoter, and that Bahcc1 was involved in MLL-ENL-mediated immortalization at least partly through repression of H3K27me3-marked Cdkn1c. Analyses using bone marrow transplantation in mice showed that depletion of Bahcc1 suppressed the leukemogenic activity of MLL-ENL. In a public database, high BAHCC1 expression was found to be associated with a poor prognosis in pediatric AML, in which BAHCC1 expression was significantly lower in MLL-AF9-AML than in other MLL-fusion-AML. These findings shed light on the distinct immortalization potential of HSPCs and suggest a novel MLL-fusion-Bahcc1 axis, which may lead to development of molecular targeted therapy against MLL-fusion-mediated leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Masuya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Makoto Shinmei
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nosaka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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2
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Ma Y, Yang Z, Liu J, Wang D. CD48 suppresses proliferation and migration as an immune-related prognostic signature in the cervical cancer immune microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:57-68. [PMID: 37279525 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in gynecology. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy are two particularly effective treatments. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis and CIBERSORT algorithm that quantifies the composition of immune cells were used to analyze CC expression data based on the GEO database and identify modules related to T cells. Five candidate hub genes were identified by tumor-infiltrating immune cells estimation and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis according to CC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Chemotherapeutic response, methylation, and gene mutation analyses were implemented so that the five candidate hub genes identified may be the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets which were related to T cell infiltration. Moreover, the results of RT-qPCR revealed that CD48 was a tumor suppressor gene, which was negatively correlated with CC stages, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation. Furthermore, the functional study verified that the interference of CD48 was able to boost the proliferation and migration ability in vitro and the growth of transplanted tumors in vivo. Overall, we identified molecular targets related to immune infiltration and prognosis, regarded CD48 as a key molecule involved in the progression of CC, thus providing new insights into the development of molecular therapy and immunotherapeutics against CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P. R. China
| | - Danbo Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P. R. China
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3
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Reichard A, Wanner N, Farha S, Asosingh K. Hematopoietic stem cells and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the lungs. Cytometry A 2023; 103:967-977. [PMID: 37807901 PMCID: PMC10841540 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are key players in hematopoiesis as the body maintains a physiologic steady state, and the signaling pathways and control mechanisms of these dynamic cells are implicated in processes from inflammation to cancer. Although the bone marrow is commonly regarded as the site of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell residence, these cells also circulate in the blood and reside in extramedullary tissues, including the lungs. Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool in evaluating hematopoietic stem cells, revealing their phenotypes and relative abundances in both healthy and diseased states. This review outlines current protocols and cell markers used in flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. Specific niches within the bone marrow are discussed, as are metabolic processes that contribute to stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as the role of hematopoietic stem cells outside of the bone marrow at physiologic steady state. Finally, pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis and its associated disease states are outlined. Hematopoiesis in the lungs is a new and emerging concept, and discovering ways in which the study of lung-resident hematopoietic stem cells can be translated from murine models to patients will impact clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reichard
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samar Farha
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Respiratory Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Flow Cytometry Shared Laboratory Resource, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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4
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Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify CD48 defining susceptibility to NK cytotoxicity in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Blood 2022; 140:1951-1963. [PMID: 35921533 PMCID: PMC9837448 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is one of the aggressive peripheral T-cell neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that escape from adaptive immunity is a hallmark of ATLL pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which ATLL cells evade natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated immunity have been poorly understood. Here we show that CD48 expression in ATLL cells determines the sensitivity for NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against ATLL cells. We performed unbiased genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) screening using 2 ATLL-derived cell lines and discovered CD48 as one of the best-enriched genes whose knockout conferred resistance to YT1-NK cell line-mediated cytotoxicity. The ability of CD48-knockout ATLL cells to evade NK-cell effector function was confirmed using human primary NK cells with reduced interferon-γ (IFNγ) induction and degranulation. We found that primary ATLL cells had reduced CD48 expression along with disease progression. Furthermore, other subgroups among aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) also expressed lower concentrations of CD48 than normal T cells, suggesting that CD48 is a key molecule in malignant T-cell evasion of NK-cell surveillance. Thus, this study demonstrates that CD48 expression is likely critical for malignant T-cell lymphoma cell regulation of NK-cell-mediated immunity and provides a rationale for future evaluation of CD48 as a molecular biomarker in NK-cell-associated immunotherapies.
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5
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Rix B, Maduro AH, Bridge KS, Grey W. Markers for human haematopoietic stem cells: The disconnect between an identification marker and its function. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1009160. [PMID: 36246104 PMCID: PMC9564379 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1009160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system is a classical stem cell hierarchy that maintains all the blood cells in the body. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, highly potent cells that reside at the apex of this hierarchy and are historically some of the most well studied stem cells in humans and laboratory models, with haematopoiesis being the original system to define functional cell types by cell surface markers. Whilst it is possible to isolate HSCs to near purity, we know very little about the functional activity of markers to purify HSCs. This review will focus on the historical efforts to purify HSCs in humans based on cell surface markers, their putative functions and recent advances in finding functional markers on HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William Grey
- *Correspondence: Katherine S. Bridge, ; William Grey,
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6
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Epigenetic modifier SMCHD1 maintains a normal pool of long-term hematopoietic stem cells. iScience 2022; 25:104684. [PMID: 35856023 PMCID: PMC9287190 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SMCHD1 (structural maintenance of chromosomes hinge domain containing 1) is a noncanonical SMC protein that mediates long-range repressive chromatin structures. SMCHD1 is required for X chromosome inactivation in female cells and repression of imprinted and clustered autosomal genes, with SMCHD1 mutations linked to human diseases facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and bosma arhinia and micropthalmia syndrome (BAMS). We used a conditional mouse model to investigate SMCHD1 in hematopoiesis. Smchd1-deleted mice maintained steady-state hematopoiesis despite showing an impaired reconstitution capacity in competitive bone marrow transplantations and age-related hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) loss. This phenotype was more pronounced in Smchd1-deleted females, which showed a loss of quiescent HSCs and fewer B cells. Gene expression profiling of Smchd1-deficient HSCs and B cells revealed known and cell-type-specific SMCHD1-sensitive genes and significant disruption to X-linked gene expression in female cells. These data show SMCHD1 is a regulator of HSCs whose effects are more profound in females. SMCHD1 is not required to maintain steady-state hematopoiesis Smchd1-deletion leads to loss of adult hematopoietic stem cells Smchd1-deleted female mice are more severely affected than males SMCHD1 maintains cellular quiescence in female hematopoietic stem cells
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7
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A robust approach for the generation of functional hematopoietic progenitor cell lines to model leukemic transformation. Blood Adv 2021; 5:39-53. [PMID: 33570624 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of molecular mechanisms of hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis are hampered by the unavailability of progenitor cell lines that accurately mimic the situation in vivo. We now report a robust method to generate and maintain LSK (Lin-, Sca-1+, c-Kit+) cells, which closely resemble MPP1 cells. HPCLSKs reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated recipient mice over >8 months. Upon transformation with different oncogenes including BCR/ABL, FLT3-ITD, or MLL-AF9, their leukemic counterparts maintain stem cell properties in vitro and recapitulate leukemia formation in vivo. The method to generate HPCLSKs can be applied to transgenic mice, and we illustrate it for CDK6-deficient animals. Upon BCR/ABLp210 transformation, HPCLSKsCdk6-/- induce disease with a significantly enhanced latency and reduced incidence, showing the importance of CDK6 in leukemia formation. Studies of the CDK6 transcriptome in murine HPCLSK and human BCR/ABL+ cells have verified that certain pathways depend on CDK6 and have uncovered a novel CDK6-dependent signature, suggesting a role for CDK6 in leukemic progenitor cell homing. Loss of CDK6 may thus lead to a defect in homing. The HPCLSK system represents a unique tool for combined in vitro and in vivo studies and enables the production of large quantities of genetically modifiable hematopoietic or leukemic stem/progenitor cells.
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8
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Tufa DM, Yingst AM, Trahan GD, Shank T, Jones D, Shim S, Lake J, Winkler K, Cobb L, Woods R, Jones K, Verneris MR. Human innate lymphoid cell precursors express CD48 that modulates ILC differentiation through 2B4 signaling. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/53/eaay4218. [PMID: 33219153 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) develop from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), which further differentiate into the common ILC progenitor (CILP) that can give rise to both ILCs and natural killer (NK) cells. Murine ILC intermediates have recently been characterized, but the human counterparts and their developmental trajectories have not yet been identified, largely due to the lack of homologous surface receptors in both organisms. Here, we show that human CILPs (CD34+CD117+α4β7+Lin-) acquire CD48 and CD52, which define NK progenitors (NKPs) and ILC precursors (ILCPs). Two distinct NK cell subsets were generated in vitro from CD34+CD117+α4β7+Lin-CD48-CD52+ and CD34+CD117+α4β7+Lin-CD48+CD52+ NKPs, respectively. Independent of NKPs, ILCPs exist in the CD34+CD117+α4β7+Lin-CD48+CD52+ subset and give rise to ILC1s, ILC2s, and NCR+ ILC3s, whereas CD34+CD117+α4β7+Lin-CD48+CD52- ILCPs give rise to a distinct subset of ILC3s that have lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like properties. In addition, CD48-expressing CD34+CD117+α4β7+Lin- precursors give rise to tissue-associated ILCs in vivo. We also observed that the interaction of 2B4 with CD48 induced differentiation of ILC2s, and together, these findings show that expression of CD48 by human ILCPs modulates ILC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejene M Tufa
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ashley M Yingst
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - George Devon Trahan
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tyler Shank
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dallas Jones
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Seonhui Shim
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica Lake
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kevin Winkler
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laura Cobb
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Renee Woods
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower, 12800 E. 19th Ave., Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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9
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Wong JC, Perez-Mancera PA, Huang TQ, Kim J, Grego-Bessa J, Del Pilar Alzamora M, Kogan SC, Sharir A, Keefe SH, Morales CE, Schanze D, Castel P, Hirose K, Huang GN, Zenker M, Sheppard D, Klein OD, Tuveson DA, Braun BS, Shannon K. KrasP34R and KrasT58I mutations induce distinct RASopathy phenotypes in mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140495. [PMID: 32990679 PMCID: PMC7710308 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic KRAS mutations are highly prevalent in many cancers. In addition, a distinct spectrum of germline KRAS mutations causes developmental disorders called RASopathies. The mutant proteins encoded by these germline KRAS mutations are less biochemically and functionally activated than those in cancer. We generated mice harboring conditional KrasLSL-P34Rand KrasLSL-T58I knock-in alleles and characterized the consequences of each mutation in vivo. Embryonic expression of KrasT58I resulted in craniofacial abnormalities reminiscent of those seen in RASopathy disorders, and these mice exhibited hyperplastic growth of multiple organs, modest alterations in cardiac valvulogenesis, myocardial hypertrophy, and myeloproliferation. By contrast, embryonic KrasP34R expression resulted in early perinatal lethality from respiratory failure due to defective lung sacculation, which was associated with aberrant ERK activity in lung epithelial cells. Somatic Mx1-Cre–mediated activation in the hematopoietic compartment showed that KrasP34R and KrasT58I expression had distinct signaling effects, despite causing a similar spectrum of hematologic diseases. These potentially novel strains are robust models for investigating the consequences of expressing endogenous levels of hyperactive K-Ras in different developing and adult tissues, for comparing how oncogenic and germline K-Ras proteins perturb signaling networks and cell fate decisions, and for performing preclinical therapeutic trials. Mouse models are developed to accurately recapitulate multiple features of RASopathy disorders caused by germline KRASP34R and KRAST581 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pedro A Perez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tannie Q Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jangkyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Pilar Alzamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Amnon Sharir
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan H Keefe
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carolina E Morales
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pau Castel
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Kentaro Hirose
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Physiology, and
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Physiology, and
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin S Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kevin Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Huo J, Wu L, Zang Y. Development and Validation of a Novel Immune-Gene Pairs Prognostic Model Associated with CTNNB1 Alteration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925494. [PMID: 32945289 PMCID: PMC7523420 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy is one of the research hotspots in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Successive clinical trials have shown that patients with CTNNB1 mutations are resistant to immunotherapy, but the mechanism is still unclear. Material/Methods We identified differentially expressed immune genes (DEIGs) in patients with and without CTNNB1 mutations in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and then paired them to explore any correlation with prognosis. Univariate Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis were used to develop the prognostic model. We first divided the TCGA cohort into 29 subgroups for internal validation and then used the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort to conduct external validation. We also used a CIBERSORT algorithm to quantify immune infiltration of the different risk groups. Results The novel prognostic model consisted of 45 immune-gene pairs with general applicability. It was more accurate than the traditional prognostic signature, which is based on gene expression by comparison of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values. The infiltration proportion of B cells, CD8 T lymphocytes, activated natural killer cells, and M1 macrophages in the low-risk group was greater in the high-risk group, while the infiltration proportion of M0 and M2 macrophages was greater in the high-risk group. Conclusions In this study, a novel approach was proposed for evaluating HCC prognosis, which may be useful in evaluatingthe intensity of the immune response in the HCC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Huo
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Liqun Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yunjin Zang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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11
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Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Chen G, Morimoto H, Shinohara T. CD2 is a surface marker for mouse and rat spermatogonial stem cells. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:341-349. [PMID: 32213736 PMCID: PMC7470899 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) population in testis is small, and the lack of SSC markers has severely handicapped research on these cells. During our attempt to identify
genes involved in SSC aging, we found that CD2 is expressed in cultured SSCs. Flow cytometric analysis and spermatogonial transplantation experiments showed that CD2 is expressed
in SSCs from mature adult mouse testes. Cultured SSCs transfected with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CD2 proliferated poorly and showed an increased frequency of apoptosis.
Moreover, functional analysis of transfected cells revealed impairment of SSC activity. Fluorescence activated cell sorting and spermatogonial transplantation experiments showed
that CD2 is expressed not only in mouse but also in rat SSCs. The results indicate that CD2 is a novel SSC surface marker conserved between mouse and rat SSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Guiying Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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12
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Yuan Y, Chen J, Wang J, Xu M, Zhang Y, Sun P, Liang L. Identification Hub Genes in Colorectal Cancer by Integrating Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis and Clinical Validation in vivo and vitro. Front Oncol 2020; 10:638. [PMID: 32426282 PMCID: PMC7203460 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of death in the world. However, the key roles of most molecules in CRC remain unclear. This study aimed to identify key modules and hub genes associated with the progression of CRC. The data of the patients with CRC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and assessed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses performed in R. by WGCNA, several hub genes that regulate the mechanism of tumorigenesis in CRC were identified, which were associated with clinical traits. Next, we screened hub genes related to the progression of CRC authenticated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine databases. Three hub genes (HCLS1, EVI2B, and CD48) were identified, and survival analysis was further performed. Moreover, the results of qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that HCLS1, EVI2B, and CD48 are tumor suppressor genes. Further, the functional study verified that over-expression of HCLS1, EVI2B, and CD48 can reduce the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of CRC cells and significantly suppress CRC tumor growth in vivo. In summary, we identified three hub genes that were associated with the progression of CRC that can be applied in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Aceves JL, López RV, Terán PM, Escobedo CM, Marroquín Muciño MA, Castillo GG, Estrada MM, García FR, Quiroz GD, Montaño Estrada LF. Autologous CXCR4+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells Injected into the Scar Tissue of Chronic Myocardial Infarction Patients Normalizes Tissue Contractility and Perfusion. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:135-144. [PMID: 32113784 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myocardial infarction (CMI), represents a public health and a financial burden. Since stem cell transplant is used to regenerate cardiac tissue after acute myocardial infarction. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine if autologous CXCR4 stem cells could restore damaged myocardial tissue in patients with CMI lesions. METHODS 20 NYHA grade III male patients with CMI defined by clinical, biochemical, ECG and echocardiographic parameters were included. Patients were treated with G-CSF for 6 d before isolating their autologous stem cells from PBMCs. Cell phenotyping was done by cytofluorometry using monoclonal antibodies (anti-CXCR4, -CD34, -48, -117, -133, -Ki67, -SDF1 and CXCR4); CXCR4 cell subpopulations isolated by sorting were adjusted to 1 × 108 cells by subpopulation and injected in a circular pattern into the cicatrix previously defined by echocardiography. RESULTS Patients were followed for 6 and 12 months. Six months after cell implant improvements in left ventricle ejection fraction (from 33-50%), stress rate values (from -3/-9% to -18/-22%), stress tests (from 4-12 METS), and the quantity of left ventricle affected segments (3-9) disappeared according to the G-SPECT images. 12 months evaluations did not show significant differences. Interestingly, 3 months after cell implant the ECG showed normal electrical activity in 9 patients whereas after 6 months it was normal in all the patients. CONCLUSIONS These results ratify that locally injected autologous CXCR4+ bone marrow-derived stem cells have a physiological and a clinical impact in patients with CMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Aceves
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Vilchis López
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paúl Mondragón Terán
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Martínez Escobedo
- Departamento de Cardiología Nuclear, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario A Marroquín Muciño
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo García Castillo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa e Ingeniería de Tejidos, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Marmolejo Estrada
- Unidad de Aféresis, Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rodríguez García
- Unidad de Aféresis, Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Díaz Quiroz
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Montaño Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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14
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Nowlan B, Williams ED, Doran MR, Levesque JP. CD27, CD201, FLT3, CD48, and CD150 cell surface staining identifies long-term mouse hematopoietic stem cells in immunodeficient non-obese diabetic severe combined immune deficient-derived strains. Haematologica 2019; 105:71-82. [PMID: 31073070 PMCID: PMC6939540 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.212910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staining for CD27 and CD201 (endothelial protein C receptor) has been recently suggested as an alternative to stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1) to identify hematopoietic stem cells in inbred mouse strains with low or nil expression of SCA1. However, whether staining for CD27 and CD201 is compatible with low fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) expression and the "SLAM" code defined by CD48 and CD150 to identify mouse long-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells has not been established. We compared the C57BL/6 strain, which expresses a high level of SCA1 on hematopoietic stem cells to non-obese diabetic severe combined immune deficient NOD.CB17-prkdc scid/Sz (NOD-scid) mice and NOD.CB17-prkdc scid il2rg tm1Wj1/Sz (NSG) mice which both express low to negative levels of SCA1 on hematopoietic stem cells. We demonstrate that hematopoietic stem cells are enriched within the linage-negative C-KIT+ CD27+ CD201+ FLT3- CD48-CD150+ population in serial dilution long-term competitive transplantation assays. We also make the novel observation that CD48 expression is up-regulated in Lin- KIT+ progenitors from NOD-scid and NSG strains, which otherwise have very few cells expressing the CD48 ligand CD244. Finally, we report that unlike hematopoietic stem cells, SCA1 expression is similar on bone marrow endothelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells in C57BL/6, NOD-scid and NSG mice. In conclusion, we propose that the combination of Lineage, KIT, CD27, CD201, FLT3, CD48, and CD150 antigens can be used to identify long-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells from mouse strains expressing low levels of SCA1 on hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Nowlan
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, QUT, Kelvin Grove, Queensland.,Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, QUT, Kelvin Grove, Queensland.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland
| | - Michael R Doran
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane .,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, QUT, Kelvin Grove, Queensland.,Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland.,Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba .,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland
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15
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Fouquet G, Marcq I, Debuysscher V, Bayry J, Rabbind Singh A, Bengrine A, Nguyen-Khac E, Naassila M, Bouhlal H. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecules Slam and cancers: friends or foes? Oncotarget 2018; 9:16248-16262. [PMID: 29662641 PMCID: PMC5882332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecules (SLAM) family receptors are initially described in immune cells. These receptors recruit both activating and inhibitory SH2 domain containing proteins through their Immunoreceptor Tyrosine based Switch Motifs (ITSMs). Accumulating evidence suggest that the members of this family are intimately involved in different physiological and pathophysiological events such as regulation of immune responses and entry pathways of certain viruses. Recently, other functions of SLAM, principally in the pathophysiology of neoplastic transformations have also been deciphered. These new findings may prompt SLAM to be considered as new tumor markers, diagnostic tools or potential therapeutic targets for controlling the tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the major observations describing the implications and features of SLAM in oncology and discuss the therapeutic potential attributed to these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Fouquet
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Ingrid Marcq
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Debuysscher
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers-Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eric Nguyen-Khac
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France.,Service Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Mickael Naassila
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Hicham Bouhlal
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
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16
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Akinduro O, Weber TS, Ang H, Haltalli MLR, Ruivo N, Duarte D, Rashidi NM, Hawkins ED, Duffy KR, Lo Celso C. Proliferation dynamics of acute myeloid leukaemia and haematopoietic progenitors competing for bone marrow space. Nat Commun 2018; 9:519. [PMID: 29410432 PMCID: PMC5802720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia progressively invades bone marrow (BM), outcompeting healthy haematopoiesis by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Combining cell number measurements with a short-timescale dual pulse labelling method, we simultaneously determine the proliferation dynamics of primitive haematopoietic compartments and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We observe an unchanging proportion of AML cells entering S phase per hour throughout disease progression, with substantial BM egress at high levels of infiltration. For healthy haematopoiesis, we find haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) make a significant contribution to cell production, but we phenotypically identify a quiescent subpopulation with enhanced engraftment ability. During AML progression, we observe that multipotent progenitors maintain a constant proportion entering S phase per hour, despite a dramatic decrease in the overall population size. Primitive populations are lost from BM with kinetics that are consistent with ousting irrespective of cell cycle state, with the exception of the quiescent HSC subpopulation, which is more resistant to elimination. How leukaemia cells invade the bone marrow by outcompeting haematopoietic cells is still unclear. Here, the authors used detailed cell number measurements in conjunction with a dual pulse labelling method to determine proliferation rates and followed the in vivo dynamics of AML disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Akinduro
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - T S Weber
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, W23 WK26, Ireland.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - H Ang
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M L R Haltalli
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - N Ruivo
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - D Duarte
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1A 1AT, UK
| | - N M Rashidi
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - E D Hawkins
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - K R Duffy
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, W23 WK26, Ireland.
| | - C Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1A 1AT, UK.
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17
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Susek KH, Korpos E, Huppert J, Wu C, Savelyeva I, Rosenbauer F, Müller-Tidow C, Koschmieder S, Sorokin L. Bone marrow laminins influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell cycling and homing to the bone marrow. Matrix Biol 2018; 67:47-62. [PMID: 29360499 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) functions are regulated by a specialized microenvironment in the bone marrow - the hematopoietic stem cell niche - of which the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral component. We describe here the localization of ECM molecules, in particular the laminin α4, α3 and α5 containing isoforms in the bone marrow. Laminin 421 (composed of laminin α4, β2, γ1 chains) is identified as a major component of the bone marrow ECM, occurring abundantly surrounding venous sinuses and in a specialized reticular fiber network of the intersinusoidal spaces of murine bone marrow (BM) in close association with HSPC. Bone marrow from Lama4-/- mice is significantly less efficient in reconstituting the hematopoietic system of irradiated wildtype (WT) recipients in competitive bone marrow transplantation assays and shows reduced colony formation in vitro. This is partially due to retention of Lin-c-kit+Sca-1+CD48- long-term and short-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC/ST-HSC) in the G0 phase of the cell cycle in Lama4-/- bone marrow and hence a more quiescent phenotype. In addition, the extravasation of WT BM cells into Lama4-/- bone marrow is impaired, influencing the recirculation of HSPC. Our data suggest that these effects are mediated by a compensatory expression of laminin α5 containing isoforms (laminin 521/522) in Lama4-/- bone marrow. Collectively, these intrinsic and extrinsic effects lead to reduced HSPC numbers in Lama4-/- bone marrow and reduced hematopoietic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Helene Susek
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Korpos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Jula Huppert
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Chuan Wu
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Savelyeva
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenbauer
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany; Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Medicine A-Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Medicine A-Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany.
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18
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Blume R, Rempel E, Manta L, Saeed BR, Wang W, Raffel S, Ermakova O, Eckstein V, Benes V, Trumpp A, Ho AD, Lutz C. The molecular signature of AML with increased ALDH activity suggests a stem cell origin. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2201-2210. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1422862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blume
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugen Rempel
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Manta
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Borhan R. Saeed
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Raffel
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Ermakova
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lutz
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Heath EM, Chan SM, Minden MD, Murphy T, Shlush LI, Schimmer AD. Biological and clinical consequences of NPM1 mutations in AML. Leukemia 2017; 31:798-807. [PMID: 28111462 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by accumulation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow because of impaired differentiation and proliferation, resulting in hematopoietic insufficiency. NPM1 is one of the most commonly mutated genes in AML, present in 20-30% of cases. Mutations in NPM1 represent a distinct entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and commonly indicate a better risk prognosis. In this review, we discuss the many functions of NPM1, the consequence of mutations in NPM1 and possible mechanisms through which mutations lead to leukemogenesis. We also discuss clinical consequences of mutations, associated gene expression patterns and the role of NPM1 mutations in informing prognosis and therapeutic decisions and predicting relapse in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Heath
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Chan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Murphy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L I Shlush
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Patel SJ, Dao S, Darie CC, Clarkson BD. Defective quorum sensing of acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells: evidence of collective behavior of leukemic populations as semi-autonomous aberrant ecosystems. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1177-230. [PMID: 27429840 PMCID: PMC4937729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a generic term used to describe cell-cell communication and collective decision making by bacterial and social insects to regulate the expression of specific genes in controlling cell density and other properties of the populations in response to nutrient supply or changes in the environment. QS mechanisms also have a role in higher organisms in maintaining homeostasis, regulation of the immune system and collective behavior of cancer cell populations. In the present study, we used a p190(BCR-ABL) driven pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL3) cell line derived from the pleural fluid of a terminally ill patient with ALL to test the QS hypothesis in leukemia. ALL3 cells don't grow at low density (LD) in liquid media but grow progressively faster at increasingly high cell densities (HD) in contrast to other established leukemic cell lines that grow well at very low starting cell densities. The ALL3 cells at LD are poised to grow but shortly die without additional stimulation. Supernates of ALL3 cells (HDSN) and some other primary cells grown at HD stimulate the growth of the LD ALL3 cells without which they won't survive. To get further insight into the activation processes we performed microarray analysis of the LD ALL3 cells after stimulation with ALL3 HDSN at days 1, 3, and 6. This screen identified several candidate genes, and we linked them to signaling networks and their functions. We observed that genes involved in lipid, cholesterol, fatty acid metabolism, and B cell activation are most up- or down-regulated upon stimulation of the LD ALL3 cells using HDSN. We also discuss other pathways that are differentially expressed upon stimulation of the LD ALL3 cells. Our findings suggest that the Ph+ ALL population achieves dominance by functioning as a collective aberrant ecosystem subject to defective quorum-sensing regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapan J Patel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program1275 York Avenue, Box #96, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Su Dao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program1275 York Avenue, Box #96, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Bayard D Clarkson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program1275 York Avenue, Box #96, New York, NY 10065, USA
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21
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Abstract
As calculated by the meta-analysis of Korn et al., the prognosis of metastatic melanoma in the pretarget and immunological therapy era was poor, with a median survival of 6.2 and a 1-year life expectancy of 25.5%. Nowadays, significant advances in melanoma treatment have been gained, and immunotherapy is one of the promising approaches to get to durable responses and survival improvement. The aim of the present review is to highlight the recent innovations in melanoma immunotherapy and to propose a critical perspective of the future directions of this enthralling oncology subspecialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valpione
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Luca G Campana
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
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22
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McArdel SL, Terhorst C, Sharpe AH. Roles of CD48 in regulating immunity and tolerance. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:10-20. [PMID: 26794910 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD48, a member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family, participates in adhesion and activation of immune cells. Although constitutively expressed on most hematopoietic cells, CD48 is upregulated on subsets of activated cells. CD48 can have activating roles on T cells, antigen presenting cells and granulocytes, by binding to CD2 or bacterial FimH, and through cell intrinsic effects. Interactions between CD48 and its high affinity ligand CD244 are more complex, with both stimulatory and inhibitory outcomes. CD244:CD48 interactions regulate target cell lysis by NK cells and CTLs, which are important for viral clearance and regulation of effector/memory T cell generation and survival. Here we review roles of CD48 in infection, tolerance, autoimmunity, and allergy, as well as the tools used to investigate this receptor. We discuss stimulatory and regulatory roles for CD48, its potential as a therapeutic target in human disease, and current challenges to investigation of this immunoregulatory receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L McArdel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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An J, González-Avalos E, Chawla A, Jeong M, López-Moyado IF, Li W, Goodell MA, Chavez L, Ko M, Rao A. Acute loss of TET function results in aggressive myeloid cancer in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10071. [PMID: 26607761 PMCID: PMC4674670 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TET-family dioxygenases oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA, and exert tumour suppressor activity in many types of cancers. Even in the absence of TET coding region mutations, TET loss-of-function is strongly associated with cancer. Here we show that acute elimination of TET function induces the rapid development of an aggressive, fully-penetrant and cell-autonomous myeloid leukaemia in mice, pointing to a causative role for TET loss-of-function in this myeloid malignancy. Phenotypic and transcriptional profiling shows aberrant differentiation of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, impaired erythroid and lymphoid differentiation and strong skewing to the myeloid lineage, with only a mild relation to changes in DNA modification. We also observe progressive accumulation of phospho-H2AX and strong impairment of DNA damage repair pathways, suggesting a key role for TET proteins in maintaining genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun An
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Edahí González-Avalos
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ashu Chawla
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Mira Jeong
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Isaac F López-Moyado
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Computational Oncoepigenomics Group, Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Myunggon Ko
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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24
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Dobrovolsky VN, Revollo J, Pearce MG, Pacheco-Martinez MM, Lin H. CD48-deficient T-lymphocytes from DMBA-treated rats have de novo mutations in the endogenous Pig-a gene. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:674-683. [PMID: 26033714 DOI: 10.1002/em.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A major question concerning the scientific and regulatory acceptance of the rodent red blood cell-based Pig-a gene mutation assay is the extent to which mutants identified by their phenotype in the assay are caused by mutations in the Pig-a gene. In this study, we identified T-lymphocytes deficient for the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored surface marker, CD48, in control and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-treated rats using a flow cytometric assay and determined the spectra of mutations in the endogenous Pig-a gene in these cells. CD48-deficient T-cells were seeded by sorting at one cell per well into 96-well plates, expanded into clones, and exons of their genomic Pig-a were sequenced. The majority (78%) of CD48-deficient T-cell clones from DMBA-treated rats had mutations in the Pig-a gene. The spectrum of DMBA-induced Pig-a mutations was dominated by mutations at A:T, with the mutated A being on the nontranscribed strand and A → T transversion being the most frequent change. The spectrum of Pig-a mutations in DMBA-treated rats was different from the spectrum of Pig-a mutations in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-treated rats, but similar to the spectrum of DMBA mutations for another endogenous X-linked gene, Hprt. Only 15% of CD48-deficient mutants from control animals contained Pig-a mutations; T-cell biology may be responsible for a relatively large fraction of false Pig-a mutant lymphocytes in control animals. Among the verified mutants from control rats, the most common were frameshifts and deletions. The differences in the spectra of spontaneous, DMBA-, and ENU-induced Pig-a mutations suggest that the flow cytometric Pig-a assay detects de novo mutation in the endogenous Pig-a gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N Dobrovolsky
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Javier Revollo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Mason G Pearce
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | | | - Haixia Lin
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
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25
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Zhou X, Crow AL, Hartiala J, Spindler TJ, Ghazalpour A, Barsky LW, Bennett BJ, Parks BW, Eskin E, Jain R, Epstein JA, Lusis AJ, Adams GB, Allayee H. The Genetic Landscape of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Frequency in Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:125-38. [PMID: 26050929 PMCID: PMC4618249 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior efforts to identify regulators of hematopoietic stem cell physiology have relied mainly on candidate gene approaches with genetically modified mice. Here we used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) strategy with the hybrid mouse diversity panel to identify the genetic determinants of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) frequency. Among 108 strains, we observed ∼120- to 300-fold variation in three HSPC populations. A GWAS analysis identified several loci that were significantly associated with HSPC frequency, including a locus on chromosome 5 harboring the homeodomain-only protein gene (Hopx). Hopx previously had been implicated in cardiac development but was not known to influence HSPC biology. Analysis of the HSPC pool in Hopx−/− mice demonstrated significantly reduced cell frequencies and impaired engraftment in competitive repopulation assays, thus providing functional validation of this positional candidate gene. These results demonstrate the power of GWAS in mice to identify genetic determinants of the hematopoietic system. Genetic variation across mouse strains influences hematopoietic stem cell frequency This variation can be exploited for genome-wide association studies Hopx is a regulator of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell function This approach can be used to identify genetic determinants of other stem cell systems
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amanda L Crow
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jaana Hartiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tassja J Spindler
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anatole Ghazalpour
- Departments of Human Genetics, Medicine, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lora W Barsky
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Department of Genetics and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Departments of Human Genetics, Medicine, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science and Inter-Departmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Human Genetics, Medicine, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gregor B Adams
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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26
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Horton JK, Blitzblau RC, Yoo S, Geradts J, Chang Z, Baker JA, Georgiade GS, Chen W, Siamakpour-Reihani S, Wang C, Broadwater G, Groth J, Palta M, Dewhirst M, Barry WT, Duffy EA, Chi JTA, Hwang ES. Preoperative Single-Fraction Partial Breast Radiation Therapy: A Novel Phase 1, Dose-Escalation Protocol With Radiation Response Biomarkers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:846-55. [PMID: 26104938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women with biologically favorable early-stage breast cancer are increasingly treated with accelerated partial breast radiation (PBI). However, treatment-related morbidities have been linked to the large postoperative treatment volumes required for external beam PBI. Relative to external beam delivery, alternative PBI techniques require equipment that is not universally available. To address these issues, we designed a phase 1 trial utilizing widely available technology to 1) evaluate the safety of a single radiation treatment delivered preoperatively to the small-volume, intact breast tumor and 2) identify imaging and genomic markers of radiation response. METHODS AND MATERIALS Women aged ≥55 years with clinically node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive, and/or progesterone receptor-positive HER2-, T1 invasive carcinomas, or low- to intermediate-grade in situ disease ≤2 cm were enrolled (n=32). Intensity modulated radiation therapy was used to deliver 15 Gy (n=8), 18 Gy (n=8), or 21 Gy (n=16) to the tumor with a 1.5-cm margin. Lumpectomy was performed within 10 days. Paired pre- and postradiation magnetic resonance images and patient tumor samples were analyzed. RESULTS No dose-limiting toxicity was observed. At a median follow-up of 23 months, there have been no recurrences. Physician-rated cosmetic outcomes were good/excellent, and chronic toxicities were grade 1 to 2 (fibrosis, hyperpigmentation) in patients receiving preoperative radiation only. Evidence of dose-dependent changes in vascular permeability, cell density, and expression of genes regulating immunity and cell death were seen in response to radiation. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative single-dose radiation therapy to intact breast tumors is well tolerated. Radiation response is marked by early indicators of cell death in this biologically favorable patient cohort. This study represents a first step toward a novel partial breast radiation approach. Preoperative radiation should be tested in future clinical trials because it has the potential to challenge the current treatment paradigm and provide a path forward to identify radiation response biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Horton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Rachel C Blitzblau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sua Yoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jay A Baker
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory S Georgiade
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics: Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Chunhao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gloria Broadwater
- Department of Biostatistics: Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeff Groth
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Manisha Palta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William T Barry
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eileen A Duffy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jen-Tsan A Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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27
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Ross EA, Flores-Langarica A, Bobat S, Coughlan RE, Marshall JL, Hitchcock JR, Cook CN, Carvalho-Gaspar MM, Mitchell AM, Clarke M, Garcia P, Cobbold M, Mitchell TJ, Henderson IR, Jones ND, Anderson G, Buckley CD, Cunningham AF. Resolving Salmonella infection reveals dynamic and persisting changes in murine bone marrow progenitor cell phenotype and function. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2318-30. [PMID: 24825601 PMCID: PMC4209805 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The generation of immune cells from BM precursors is a carefully regulated process. This is essential to limit the potential for oncogenesis and autoimmunity yet protect against infection. How infection modulates this is unclear. Salmonella can colonize systemic sites including the BM and spleen. This resolving infection has multiple IFN-γ-mediated acute and chronic effects on BM progenitors, and during the first week of infection IFN-γ is produced by myeloid, NK, NKT, CD4(+) T cells, and some lineage-negative cells. After infection, the phenotype of BM progenitors rapidly but reversibly alters, with a peak ∼ 30-fold increase in Sca-1(hi) progenitors and a corresponding loss of Sca-1(lo/int) subsets. Most strikingly, the capacity of donor Sca-1(hi) cells to reconstitute an irradiated host is reduced; the longer donor mice are exposed to infection, and Sca-1(hi) c-kit(int) cells have an increased potential to generate B1a-like cells. Thus, Salmonella can have a prolonged influence on BM progenitor functionality not directly related to bacterial persistence. These results reflect changes observed in leucopoiesis during aging and suggest that BM functionality can be modulated by life-long, periodic exposure to infection. Better understanding of this process could offer novel therapeutic opportunities to modulate BM functionality and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A Ross
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adriana Flores-Langarica
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saeeda Bobat
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruth E Coughlan
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer L Marshall
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica R Hitchcock
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Charlotte N Cook
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manuela M Carvalho-Gaspar
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea M Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mary Clarke
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paloma Garcia
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Cobbold
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tim J Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian R Henderson
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nick D Jones
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham Anderson
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of BirminghamEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Ezinne CC, Yoshimitsu M, White Y, Arima N. HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cell function augmented by blockade of 2B4/CD48 interaction in HTLV-1 infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87631. [PMID: 24505299 PMCID: PMC3914814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell response is important in the response to viral infections; this response though is regulated by inhibitory receptors. Expression of inhibitory receptors has been positively correlated with CD8+ T cell exhaustion; the consequent effect of simultaneous blockade of these inhibitory receptors on CD8+ T cell response in viral infections have been studied, however, the role of individual blockade of receptor-ligand pair is unclear. 2B4/CD48 interaction is involved in CD8+T cell regulation, its signal transducer SAP (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein) is required for stimulatory function of 2B4/CD244 on lymphocytes hence, we analyzed 2B4/CD244 (natural killer cell receptor) and SAP (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule(SLAM)-associated protein) on total CD8+ and HTLV-1 specific CD8+T cells in HTLV-1 infection and the effect of blockade of interaction with ligand CD48 on HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cell function. We observed a high expression of 2B4/CD244 on CD8+ T cells relative to uninfected and further upregulation on HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cells. 2B4+ CD8+ T cells exhibited more of an effector and terminally differentiated memory phenotype. Blockade of 2B4/CD48 interaction resulted in improvement in function via perforin expression and degranulation as measured by CD107a surface mobilization on HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cells. In the light of these findings, we thus propose an inhibitory role for 2B4/CD48 interaction on CD8+T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibueze Chioma Ezinne
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yohann White
- Department of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Naomichi Arima
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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29
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Kaczorowski CC, Stodola TJ, Hoffmann BR, Prisco AR, Liu PY, Didier DN, Karcher JR, Liang M, Jacob HJ, Greene AS. Targeting the endothelial progenitor cell surface proteome to identify novel mechanisms that mediate angiogenic efficacy in a rodent model of vascular disease. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:999-1011. [PMID: 24022221 PMCID: PMC3841789 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00097.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote angiogenesis, and clinical trials suggest autologous EPC-based therapy may be effective in treatment of vascular diseases. Albeit promising, variability in the efficacy of EPCs associated with underlying disease states has hindered the realization of EPC-based therapy. Here we first identify and characterize EPC dysfunction in a rodent model of vascular disease (SS/Mcwi rat) that exhibits impaired angiogenesis. To identify molecular candidates that mediate the angiogenic potential of these cells, we performed a broad analysis of cell surface protein expression using chemical labeling combined with mass spectrometry. Analysis revealed EPCs derived from SS/Mcwi rats express significantly more type 2 low-affinity immunoglobulin Fc-gamma (FCGR2) and natural killer 2B4 (CD244) receptors compared with controls. Genome-wide sequencing (RNA-seq) and qt-PCR confirmed isoforms of CD244 and FCGR2a transcripts were increased in SS/Mcwi EPCs. EPCs with elevated expression of FCGR2a and CD244 receptors are predicted to increase the probability of SS/Mcwi EPCs being targeted for death, providing a mechanistic explanation for their reduced angiogenic efficacy in vivo. Pathway analysis supported this contention, as "key" molecules annotated to cell death paths were differentially expressed in the SS/Mcwi EPCs. We speculate that screening and neutralization of cell surface proteins that "tag" and impair EPC function may provide an alternative approach to utilizing incompetent EPCs in greater numbers, as circulating EPCs are depleted in patients with vascular disease. Overall, novel methods to identify putative targets for repair of EPCs using discovery-based technologies will likely provide a major advance in the field of regenerative medicine.
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30
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The Src homology 2 protein Shb promotes cell cycle progression in murine hematopoietic stem cells by regulation of focal adhesion kinase activity. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1852-1864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Rossi L, Lin KK, Boles NC, Yang L, King KY, Jeong M, Mayle A, Goodell MA. Less is more: unveiling the functional core of hematopoietic stem cells through knockout mice. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 11:302-17. [PMID: 22958929 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent one of the first recognized somatic stem cell types. As such, nearly 200 genes have been examined for roles in HSC function in knockout mice. In this review, we compile the majority of these reports to provide a broad overview of the functional modules revealed by these genetic analyses and highlight some key regulatory pathways involved, including cell cycle control, Tgf-β signaling, Pten/Akt signaling, Wnt signaling, and cytokine signaling. Finally, we propose recommendations for characterization of HSC function in knockout mice to facilitate cross-study comparisons that would generate a more cohesive picture of HSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rossi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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