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Gioacchino E, Zhang W, Koyunlar C, Zink J, de Looper H, Gussinklo KJ, Hoogenboezem R, Bosch D, Bindels E, Touw IP, de Pater E. GATA2 heterozygosity causes an epigenetic feedback mechanism resulting in myeloid and erythroid dysplasia. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:580-593. [PMID: 38887897 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 has a pivotal role in haematopoiesis. Heterozygous germline GATA2 mutations result in a syndrome characterized by immunodeficiency, bone marrow failure and predispositions to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia. Clinical symptoms in these patients are diverse and mechanisms driving GATA2-related phenotypes are largely unknown. To explore the impact of GATA2 haploinsufficiency on haematopoiesis, we generated a zebrafish model carrying a heterozygous mutation of gata2b (gata2b+/-), an orthologue of GATA2. Morphological analysis revealed myeloid and erythroid dysplasia in gata2b+/- kidney marrow. Because Gata2b could affect both transcription and chromatin accessibility during lineage differentiation, this was assessed by single-cell (sc) RNA-seq and single-nucleus (sn) ATAC-seq. Sn-ATAC-seq showed that the co-accessibility between the transcription start site (TSS) and a -3.5-4.1 kb putative enhancer was more robust in gata2b+/- zebrafish HSPCs compared to wild type, increasing gata2b expression and resulting in higher genome-wide Gata2b motif use in HSPCs. As a result of increased accessibility of the gata2b locus, gata2b+/- chromatin was also more accessible during lineage differentiation. scRNA-seq data revealed myeloid differentiation defects, that is, impaired cell cycle progression, reduced expression of cebpa and cebpb and increased signatures of ribosome biogenesis. These data also revealed a differentiation delay in erythroid progenitors, aberrant proliferative signatures and down-regulation of Gata1a, a master regulator of erythropoiesis, which worsened with age. These findings suggest that cell-intrinsic compensatory mechanisms, needed to obtain normal levels of Gata2b in heterozygous HSPCs to maintain their integrity, result in aberrant lineage differentiation, thereby representing a critical step in the predisposition to MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Gioacchino
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Zink
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Looper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genome Editing Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten J Gussinklo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genome Editing Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Rao C, Hu R, Hu Y, Jiang Y, Zou X, Tang H, Chen X, He X, Hu G. Theoretical exploring of potential mechanisms of antithrombotic ingredients in danshen-chishao herb-pair by network pharmacological study, molecular docking and zebrafish models. Chin Med 2024; 19:100. [PMID: 39014502 PMCID: PMC11253416 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen, DS) and Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao, CS) herbal pair (DS-CS) is a famous traditional Chinese combination which has been used as antithrombotic formular for centuries. However, there is still lack of sufficient scientific evidence to illustrate its underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antithrombotic effects of DS-CS extract in zebrafish and explore its possible mechanism of action. METHODS The quality of traditional Chinese medicines DS and CS granules was evaluated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Subsequently, the therapeutic effect of the DS-CS combination and its components, Salvianolic Acid A (SAA) and Paeoniflorin (PF), in various concentrations on thrombosis was experimentally validated. Moreover, the interaction between DS-CS and the thrombosis disease targets was analyzed through network pharmacology, predicting the potential antithrombotic mechanism of DS-CS. Molecular docking and in vivo zebrafish experiments were conducted to validate the predicted targets, with qRT-PCR utilized for target validation. RESULTS DS-CS exhibited anti-thrombotic effect in zebrafish with concentrations ranging from 25 to 300 μg/mL. The co-administration of PF and SAA at 25 μg/mL each revealed a synergistic antithrombotic effect exceeding that of individual components when contrasted with PHZ treatment. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified key genes, including Albumin (ALB), Proto-oncogene tyro-sine-protein kinase Src (SRC), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), Caspase-3 (CASP3), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR), Matrix metalloprotein-ase-2(MMP2), Thrombin (F2), and Coagulation factor Xa (F10), associated with the antithrombotic action of PF and SAA. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis indicated involvement of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis pathways. Molecular docking revealed strong binding of PF and SAA to pivotal hub genes, such as SRC, EGFR, and F10. The experimental findings demonstrated that DS-CS could upregulate the mRNA expression levels of EGFR while inhibiting F10 and SRC mRNA levels, thereby ameliorating thrombotic conditions. CONCLUSION This research provided valuable insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the antithrombotic activity of DS-CS. Our findings suggested that PF and SAA could be the key active ingredients responsible for this activity. The antithrombotic effects of DS-CS appeared to be mediated through the regulation of mRNA expression of SRC, EGFR, and F10. These results enhanced our understanding of DS-CS's therapeutic potential and lay the groundwork for future studies to further elucidate its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Rao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Ruixue Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Xu Zou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Huilan Tang
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
- Children's Hospital of Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
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Resseguier J, Nguyen-Chi M, Wohlmann J, Rigaudeau D, Salinas I, Oehlers SH, Wiegertjes GF, Johansen FE, Qiao SW, Koppang EO, Verrier B, Boudinot P, Griffiths G. Identification of a pharyngeal mucosal lymphoid organ in zebrafish and other teleosts: Tonsils in fish? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj0101. [PMID: 37910624 PMCID: PMC10619939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The constant exposure of the fish branchial cavity to aquatic pathogens causes local mucosal immune responses to be extremely important for their survival. Here, we used a marker for T lymphocytes/natural killer (NK) cells (ZAP70) and advanced imaging techniques to investigate the lymphoid architecture of the zebrafish branchial cavity. We identified a sub-pharyngeal lymphoid organ, which we tentatively named "Nemausean lymphoid organ" (NELO). NELO is enriched in T/NK cells, plasma/B cells, and antigen-presenting cells embedded in a network of reticulated epithelial cells. The presence of activated T cells and lymphocyte proliferation, but not V(D)J recombination or hematopoiesis, suggests that NELO is a secondary lymphoid organ. In response to infection, NELO displays structural changes including the formation of T/NK cell clusters. NELO and gill lymphoid tissues form a cohesive unit within a large mucosal lymphoid network. Collectively, we reveal an unreported mucosal lymphoid organ reminiscent of mammalian tonsils that evolved in multiple teleost fish families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Resseguier
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Departments of Biosciences and Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai Nguyen-Chi
- LPHI, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Electron-Microscopy laboratory, Departments of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Stefan H. Oehlers
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #05-13, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Finn-Eirik Johansen
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erling O. Koppang
- Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR 5305, IBCP, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Mahony CB, Copper L, Vrljicak P, Noyvert B, Constantinidou C, Browne S, Pan Y, Palles C, Ott S, Higgs MR, Monteiro R. Lineage skewing and genome instability underlie marrow failure in a zebrafish model of GATA2 deficiency. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112571. [PMID: 37256751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure associated with heterozygous mutations in GATA2 predisposes toward hematological malignancies, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanistic basis of marrow failure in a zebrafish model of GATA2 deficiency. Single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility assays reveal that loss of gata2a leads to skewing toward the erythroid lineage at the expense of myeloid cells, associated with loss of cebpa expression and decreased PU.1 and CEBPA transcription factor accessibility in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Furthermore, gata2a mutants show impaired expression of npm1a, the zebrafish NPM1 ortholog. Progressive loss of npm1a in HSPCs is associated with elevated levels of DNA damage in gata2a mutants. Thus, Gata2a maintains myeloid lineage priming through cebpa and protects against genome instability and marrow failure by maintaining expression of npm1a. Our results establish a potential mechanism underlying bone marrow failure in GATA2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy Copper
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pavle Vrljicak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Boris Noyvert
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chrystala Constantinidou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sofia Browne
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yi Pan
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sascha Ott
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin R Higgs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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5
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Fraint E, Lv P, Liu F, Bowman TV, Tamplin OJ. Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Identification and Transplantation in Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2567:233-249. [PMID: 36255705 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2679-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish as a model organism is well known for its versatile genetics, rapid development, and straightforward live imaging. It is an excellent model to study hematopoiesis because of its highly conserved ontogeny and gene regulatory networks. Recently developed highly specific transgenic reporter lines have allowed direct imaging and tracking of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in live zebrafish. These reporter lines can also be used for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of HSPCs. Similar to mammalian models, HSPCs can be transplanted to reconstitute the entire hematopoietic system of zebrafish recipients. However, the zebrafish provides unique advantages to study HSPC biology, such as transplants into embryos and high-throughput chemical screening. This chapter will outline the methods needed to identify, isolate, and transplant HSPCs in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fraint
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular Therapy) and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Owen J Tamplin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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6
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Pagán AJ, Lee LJ, Edwards-Hicks J, Moens CB, Tobin DM, Busch-Nentwich EM, Pearce EL, Ramakrishnan L. mTOR-regulated mitochondrial metabolism limits mycobacterium-induced cytotoxicity. Cell 2022; 185:3720-3738.e13. [PMID: 36103894 PMCID: PMC9596383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis of macrophages in the granuloma, the hallmark immunological structure of tuberculosis, is a major pathogenic event that increases host susceptibility. Through a zebrafish forward genetic screen, we identified the mTOR kinase, a master regulator of metabolism, as an early host resistance factor in tuberculosis. We found that mTOR complex 1 protects macrophages from mycobacterium-induced death by enabling infection-induced increases in mitochondrial energy metabolism fueled by glycolysis. These metabolic adaptations are required to prevent mitochondrial damage and death caused by the secreted mycobacterial virulence determinant ESAT-6. Thus, the host can effectively counter this early critical mycobacterial virulence mechanism simply by regulating energy metabolism, thereby allowing pathogen-specific immune mechanisms time to develop. Our findings may explain why Mycobacterium tuberculosis, albeit humanity's most lethal pathogen, is successful in only a minority of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Pagán
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Lauren J. Lee
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Cecilia B. Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Erika L. Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Corresponding author
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7
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Agarwala S, Kim KY, Phan S, Ju S, Kong YE, Castillon GA, Bushong EA, Ellisman MH, Tamplin OJ. Defining the ultrastructure of the hematopoietic stem cell niche by correlative light and electron microscopy. eLife 2022; 11:64835. [PMID: 35943143 PMCID: PMC9391045 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood system is supported by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) found in a specialized microenvironment called the niche. Many different niche cell types support HSPCs, however how they interact and their ultrastructure has been difficult to define. Here, we show that single endogenous HSPCs can be tracked by light microscopy, then identified by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) at multiscale levels. Using the zebrafish larval kidney marrow (KM) niche as a model, we followed single fluorescently labeled HSPCs by light sheet microscopy, then confirmed their exact location in a 3D SBEM dataset. We found a variety of different configurations of HSPCs and surrounding niche cells, suggesting there could be functional heterogeneity in sites of HSPC lodgement. Our approach also allowed us to identify dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dbh) positive ganglion cells as a previously uncharacterized functional cell type in the HSPC niche. By integrating multiple imaging modalities, we could resolve the ultrastructure of single rare cells deep in live tissue and define all contacts between an HSPC and its surrounding niche cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhika Agarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Sebastien Phan
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Saeyeon Ju
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ye Eun Kong
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Guillaume A Castillon
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Eric A Bushong
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Owen J Tamplin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
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8
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Stosik M, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. Haematopoiesis in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). Front Immunol 2022; 13:902941. [PMID: 35720291 PMCID: PMC9201100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis in fish and mammals is a complex process, and many aspects regarding its model and the differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) still remain enigmatic despite advanced studies. The effects of microenvironmental factors or HSCs niche and signalling pathways on haematopoiesis are also unclear. This review presents Danio rerio as a model organism for studies on haematopoiesis in vertebrates and discusses the development of this process during the embryonic period and in adult fish. It describes the role of the microenvironment of the haematopoietic process in regulating the formation and function of HSCs/HSPCs (hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells) and highlights facts and research areas important for haematopoiesis in fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Stosik
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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9
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Fallatah W, De R, Burks D, Azad RK, Jagadeeswaran P. Analysis of transcribed sequences from young and mature zebrafish thrombocytes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264776. [PMID: 35320267 PMCID: PMC8942222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is an excellent model system to study thrombocyte function and development. Due to the difficulties in separating young and mature thrombocytes, comparative transcriptomics between these two cell types has not been performed. It is important to study these differences in order to understand the mechanism of thrombocyte maturation. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of the young and mature zebrafish thrombocytes and compared the two datasets for young and mature thrombocyte transcripts. We found a total of 9143 genes expressed cumulatively in both young and mature thrombocytes, and among these, 72% of zebrafish thrombocyte-expressed genes have human orthologs according to the Ensembl human genome annotation. We also found 397 uniquely expressed genes in young and 2153 uniquely expressed genes in mature thrombocytes. Of these 397 and 2153 genes, 272 and 1620 corresponded to human orthologous genes, respectively. Of all genes expressed in both young and mature thrombocytes, 4224 have been reported to be expressed in human megakaryocytes, and 1603 were found in platelets. Among these orthologs, 156 transcription factor transcripts in thrombocytes were found in megakaryocytes and 60 transcription factor transcripts were found in platelets including a few already known factors such as Nfe2 and Nfe212a (related to Nfe2) that are present in both megakaryocytes, and platelets. These results indicate that thrombocytes have more megakaryocyte features and since platelets are megakaryocyte fragments, platelets also appear to be thrombocyte equivalents. In conclusion, our study delineates the differential gene expression patterns of young and mature thrombocytes, highlighting the processes regulating thrombocyte maturation. Future knockdown studies of these young and mature thrombocyte-specific genes are feasible and will provide the basis for understanding megakaryocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam Fallatah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Ronika De
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - David Burks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Rajeev K. Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Pudur Jagadeeswaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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He Y, Zhu W, Xu T, Liao Z, Su J. Identification and immune responses of thrombocytes in bacterial and viral infections in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:314-323. [PMID: 35306178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytes are an important component in peripheral blood cells and play a crucial role in immune regulation. CD41 is one of the biomarkers of thrombocytes. In this study, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) CD41 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Subsequently, New Zealand rabbits were immunized with this protein via subcutaneous injection. The antibody titer examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was 1:12800. The concentration of rabbit polyclonal antibody purified by HiTrap-rprotein-AFF affinity chromatography column was 1.9 mg/mL. The specificity was identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, flow cytometry, and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The purified antibody was used to screen grass carp thrombocytes, and CD41+ cells were 14.13%. CD41+ cells were further verified by Giemsa staining, transmission electron microscopy and RT-PCR. mRNA expression of CD41 in thrombocytes was not affected by viral or bacterial challenge in vitro, while CD41 transcripts were remarkably induced post pathogenic infections in vivo, which results from the immature hematopoietic stem cells and thrombocytes. Indirect immunofluorescence assay revealed that grass carp reovirus (GCRV) could not invade thrombocytes; however, mRNA expressions of some representative innate immune genes (IFN1, IL-1β, TNFα and Mx2) were significantly up-regulated post GCRV challenge. Meanwhile, the transcripts of some innate immune genes (IL-6 and TNFα) were swiftly increased post bacterial infection. These results indicated that the rabbit anti-CD41 polyclonal antibody possesses good specificity and can effectively bind to the CD41 protein on the surface of grass carp thrombocytes. Grass carp thrombocytes participate in immune regulation in viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianbing Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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11
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Bresciani E, Carrington B, Yu K, Kim EM, Zhen T, Guzman VS, Broadbridge E, Bishop K, Kirby M, Harper U, Wincovitch S, Dell’Orso S, Sartorelli V, Sood R, Liu P. Redundant mechanisms driven independently by RUNX1 and GATA2 for hematopoietic development. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4949-4962. [PMID: 34492681 PMCID: PMC9153008 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is essential for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Runx1-null mouse embryos lack definitive hematopoiesis and die in mid-gestation. However, although zebrafish embryos with a runx1 W84X mutation have defects in early definitive hematopoiesis, some runx1W84X/W84X embryos can develop to fertile adults with blood cells of multilineages, raising the possibility that HSCs can emerge without RUNX1. Here, using 3 new zebrafish runx1-/- lines, we uncovered the compensatory mechanism for runx1-independent hematopoiesis. We show that, in the absence of a functional runx1, a cd41-green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ population of hematopoietic precursors still emerge from the hemogenic endothelium and can colonize the hematopoietic tissues of the mutant embryos. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the cd41-GFP+ cells identified a set of runx1-/--specific signature genes during hematopoiesis. Significantly, gata2b, which normally acts upstream of runx1 for the generation of HSCs, was increased in the cd41-GFP+ cells in runx1-/- embryos. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of both gata2b and its paralog gata2a did not affect hematopoiesis. However, knocking out runx1 and any 3 of the 4 alleles of gata2a and gata2b abolished definitive hematopoiesis. Gata2 expression was also upregulated in hematopoietic cells in Runx1-/- mice, suggesting the compensatory mechanism is conserved. Our findings indicate that RUNX1 and GATA2 serve redundant roles for HSC production, acting as each other's safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Yu
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
| | | | - Tao Zhen
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Wincovitch
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raman Sood
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
- Zebrafish Core
| | - Paul Liu
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
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12
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Tang H, Qin N, Rao C, Zhu J, Wang H, Hu G. Screening of Potential Anti-Thrombotic Ingredients from Salvia miltiorrhiza in Zebrafish and by Molecular Docking. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226807. [PMID: 34833900 PMCID: PMC8621365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Danshen (DS), the dry root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for many years to promote blood circulation and to inhibit thrombosis. However, the active ingredients responsible for the anti-thrombotic effect and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Methods: Molecular docking was used to predict the active ingredients in DS and their potential targets by calculating the scores of docking between DS ingredients and thrombosis-related proteins. Then, a chemical-induced zebrafish thrombosis model was applied to confirm their anti-thrombotic effects. Result: The molecular docking results indicated that compared to the control ligand, higher docking scores were observed for several compounds in DS, among which salvianolic acid B (SAB), lithospermic acid (LA), rosmarinic acid (MA), and luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (LG) could attenuate zebrafish caudal vein thrombosis and recover the decrease in heart red blood cells (RBCs) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Our study showed that it is possible to screen the potential active components in natural products by combining the molecular docking method and zebrafish in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (H.T.); (C.R.); (J.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Ningyi Qin
- Chongqing Pharmaceutical Group Huamosheng Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400050, China;
| | - Chang Rao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (H.T.); (C.R.); (J.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (H.T.); (C.R.); (J.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (H.T.); (C.R.); (J.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (H.T.); (C.R.); (J.Z.); (H.W.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-150-2308-8936
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13
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Peña OA, Lubin A, Rowell J, Hoade Y, Khokhar N, Lemmik H, Mahony C, Dace P, Umamahesan C, Payne EM. Differential Requirement of Gata2a and Gata2b for Primitive and Definitive Myeloid Development in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:708113. [PMID: 34589480 PMCID: PMC8475954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.708113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline loss or mutation of one copy of the transcription factor GATA2 in humans leads to a range of clinical phenotypes affecting hematopoietic, lymphatic and vascular systems. GATA2 heterozygous mice show only a limited repertoire of the features observed in humans. Zebrafish have two copies of the Gata2 gene as a result of an additional round of ancestral whole genome duplication. These genes, Gata2a and Gata2b, show distinct but overlapping expression patterns, and between them, highlight a significantly broader range of the phenotypes observed in GATA2 deficient syndromes, than each one alone. In this manuscript, we use mutants for Gata2a and Gata2b to interrogate the effects on hematopoiesis of these two ohnologs, alone and in combination, during development in order to further define the role of GATA2 in developmental hematopoiesis. We define unique roles for each ohnolog at different stages of developmental myelopoiesis and for the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These effects are not additive in the haploinsufficient state suggesting a redundancy between these two genes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Rescue studies additionally support that Gata2b can compensate for the effects of Gata2a loss. Finally we show that adults with loss of combined heterozygosity show defects in the myeloid compartment consistent with GATA2 loss in humans. These results build on existing knowledge from other models of GATA2 deficiency and refine our understanding of the early developmental effects of GATA2. In addition, these studies shed light on the complexity and potential structure-function relationships as well as sub-functionalization of Gata2 genes in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Peña
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Lubin
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yvette Hoade
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noreen Khokhar
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Lemmik
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Mahony
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Phoebe Dace
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chianna Umamahesan
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elspeth M. Payne
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/UCLH Clinical Research Facility, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Telomerase RNA recruits RNA polymerase II to target gene promoters to enhance myelopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015528118. [PMID: 34353901 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015528118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in telomerase or telomeric proteins. Here, we report that zebrafish telomerase RNA (terc) binds to specific DNA sequences of master myeloid genes and controls their expression by recruiting RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). Zebrafish terc harboring the CR4-CR5 domain mutation found in DC patients hardly interacted with Pol II and failed to regulate myeloid gene expression in vivo and to increase their transcription rates in vitro. Similarly, TERC regulated myeloid gene expression and Pol II promoter occupancy in human myeloid progenitor cells. Strikingly, induced pluripotent stem cells derived from DC patients with a TERC mutation in the CR4-CR5 domain showed impaired myelopoiesis, while those with mutated telomerase catalytic subunit differentiated normally. Our findings show that TERC acts as a transcription factor, revealing a target for therapeutic intervention in DC patients.
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15
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Gioacchino E, Koyunlar C, Zink J, de Looper H, de Jong M, Dobrzycki T, Mahony CB, Hoogenboezem R, Bosch D, van Strien PMH, van Royen ME, French PJ, Bindels E, Gussinklo KJ, Monteiro R, Touw IP, de Pater E. Essential role for Gata2 in modulating lineage output from hematopoietic stem cells in zebrafish. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2687-2700. [PMID: 34170285 PMCID: PMC8288679 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is tightly controlled to ensure a proper balance between myeloid and lymphoid cell output. GATA2 is a pivotal hematopoietic transcription factor required for generation and maintenance of HSCs. GATA2 is expressed throughout development, but because of early embryonic lethality in mice, its role during adult hematopoiesis is incompletely understood. Zebrafish contains 2 orthologs of GATA2: Gata2a and Gata2b, which are expressed in different cell types. We show that the mammalian functions of GATA2 are split between these orthologs. Gata2b-deficient zebrafish have a reduction in embryonic definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers, but are viable. This allows us to uniquely study the role of GATA2 in adult hematopoiesis. gata2b mutants have impaired myeloid lineage differentiation. Interestingly, this defect arises not in granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, but in HSPCs. Gata2b-deficient HSPCs showed impaired progression of the myeloid transcriptional program, concomitant with increased coexpression of lymphoid genes. This resulted in a decrease in myeloid-programmed progenitors and a relative increase in lymphoid-programmed progenitors. This shift in the lineage output could function as an escape mechanism to avoid a block in lineage differentiation. Our study helps to deconstruct the functions of GATA2 during hematopoiesis and shows that lineage differentiation flows toward a lymphoid lineage in the absence of Gata2b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Zink
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Looper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genome Editing Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon de Jong
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Dobrzycki
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher B. Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Dennis Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin E. van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Erasmus MC Optical Imaging Centre, and
| | - Pim J. French
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ivo P. Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genome Editing Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Cai Y, Wang J, Jin D, Liu Q, Chen X, Pan L, Li Y, Wang X, Qian F, Wang J, Zhong TP, Wang S. Dhx15 regulates zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis through the unfolded protein response pathway. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3884-3894. [PMID: 34077586 PMCID: PMC8409414 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene alterations are recognized as important events in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression. Studies on hematopoiesis of altered genes contribute to a better understanding on their roles in AML progression. Our previous work reported a DEAH box helicase 15 (DHX15) R222G mutation in AML patients, and we showed DHX15 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in AML patients. In this work, we further study the role of dhx15 in zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis by generating dhx15−/− zebrafish using transcription activator‐like effector nuclease technology. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis showed hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were dramatically perturbed when dhx15 was deleted. Immunofluorescence staining indicated inhibited hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation instead of accelerated apoptosis were detected in dhx15−/− zebrafish. Furthermore, our data showed that HSPC defect is mediated through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. DHX15 R222G mutation, a recurrent mutation identified in AML patients, displayed a compromised function in restoring HSPC failure in dhx15−/−; Tg (hsp: DHX15 R222G) zebrafish. Collectively, this work revealed a vital role of dhx15 in the maintenance of definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish through the unfolded protein respone pathway. The study of DHX15 and DHX15 R222G mutation could hold clinical significance for evaluating prognosis of AML patients with aberrant DHX15 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Cai
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Daqing Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianglei Chen
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Peter Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaoyuan Wang
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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17
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A novel conditioning-free hematopoietic stem cell transplantation model in zebrafish. Blood Adv 2021; 4:6189-6198. [PMID: 33351115 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is the most common assay for measuring the in vivo functionality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although various HSC transplantation strategies have been developed in zebrafish, they are underutilized because of challenges related to immune matching and preconditioning toxicity. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a simple and robust transplantation model using HSC-deficient hosts. Homozygous runx1W84X mutants are devoid of definitive hematopoietic cells, including HSCs and adaptive immune cells; thus, they require no preconditioning regimen for transplantation. Marrow cell transplantation into runx1-mutant zebrafish 2 days after fertilization significantly improved their survival to adulthood and resulted in robust, multilineage, long-lasting, serially repopulating engraftment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that engraftment into runx1 homozygous mutants was significantly higher than into runx1 heterozygotes, demonstrating that the improved transplantation success is attributable to the empty HSC niche in mutants and not just the embryonic environment. Competitive transplantation of marrow cells into runx1 mutants revealed a stem cell frequency similar to that of murine marrow cells, which demonstrates the utility of this model for quantifying HSC function. The streamlined approach and robustness of this assay will help broaden its feasibility for future high-throughput transplantation experiments in zebrafish and will enable further novel discoveries in the biology of HSCs.
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18
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Smarca5-mediated epigenetic programming facilitates fetal HSPC development in vertebrates. Blood 2021; 137:190-202. [PMID: 32756943 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nascent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) acquire definitive hematopoietic characteristics only when they develop into fetal HSPCs; however, the mechanisms underlying fetal HSPC development are poorly understood. Here, we profiled the chromatin accessibility and transcriptional features of zebrafish nascent and fetal HSPCs using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq and revealed dynamic changes during HSPC transition. Functional assays demonstrated that chromatin remodeler-mediated epigenetic programming facilitates fetal HSPC development in vertebrates. Systematical screening of chromatin remodeler-related genes identified that smarca5 is responsible for the maintenance of chromatin accessibility at promoters of hematopoiesis-related genes in fetal HSPCs. Mechanistically, Smarca5 interacts with nucleolin to promote chromatin remodeling, thereby facilitating genomic binding of transcription factors to regulate expression of hematopoietic regulators such as bcl11ab. Our results unravel a new role of epigenetic regulation and reveal that Smarca5-mediated epigenetic programming is responsible for fetal HSPC development, which will provide new insights into the generation of functional HSPCs both in vivo and in vitro.
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19
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Wiggans M, Pearson BJ. One stem cell program to rule them all? FEBS J 2020; 288:3394-3406. [PMID: 33063917 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many species of animals have stem cells that they maintain throughout their lives, which suggests that stem cells are an ancestral feature of all animals. From this, we take the viewpoint that cells with the biological properties of 'stemness'-self-renewal and multipotency-may share ancestral genetic circuitry. However, in practice is it very difficult to identify and compare stemness gene signatures across diverse animals and large evolutionary distances? First, it is critical to experimentally demonstrate self-renewal and potency. Second, genomic methods must be used to determine specific gene expression in stem cell types compared with non-stem cell types to determine stem cell gene enrichment. Third, gene homology must be mapped between diverse animals across large evolutionary distances. Finally, conserved genes that fulfill these criteria must be tested for role in stem cell function. It is our viewpoint that by comparing stem cell-specific gene signatures across evolution, ancestral programs of stemness can be uncovered, and ultimately, the dysregulation of stemness programs drives the state of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Wiggans
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bret J Pearson
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Spreafico M, Gruszka AM, Valli D, Mazzola M, Deflorian G, Quintè A, Totaro MG, Battaglia C, Alcalay M, Marozzi A, Pistocchi A. HDAC8: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:844. [PMID: 33015043 PMCID: PMC7498549 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a class I HDAC that modifies non-histone proteins such as p53, is highly expressed in different hematological neoplasms including a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bearing inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)]. To investigate HDAC8 contribution to hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and myeloid leukemic transformation, we generated a zebrafish model with Hdac8 overexpression and observed an increase in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, a phenotype that could be reverted using a specific HDAC8 inhibitor, PCI-34051 (PCI). In addition, we demonstrated that AML cell lines respond differently to PCI treatment: HDAC8 inhibition elicits cytotoxic effect with cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis in THP-1 cells, and cytostatic effect in HL60 cells that lack p53. A combination of cytarabine, a standard anti-AML chemotherapeutic, with PCI resulted in a synergistic effect in all the cell lines tested. We, then, searched for a mechanism behind cell cycle arrest caused by HDAC8 inhibition in the absence of functional p53 and demonstrated an involvement of the canonical WNT signaling in zebrafish and in cell lines. Together, we provide the evidence for the role of HDAC8 in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in zebrafish and AML cell lines, suggesting HDAC8 inhibition as a therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Accordingly, we demonstrated the utility of a highly specific HDAC8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in combination with standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spreafico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alicja M Gruszka
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Valli
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Myriam Alcalay
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Lv P, Ma D, Gao S, Zhang Y, Bae YK, Liang G, Gao S, Choi JH, Kim CH, Wang L, Liu F. Generation of foxn1/Casper Mutant Zebrafish for Allograft and Xenograft of Normal and Malignant Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:749-760. [PMID: 32822590 PMCID: PMC7486299 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation into immunodeficient recipients is a widely used approach to study stem cell and cancer biology; however, studying cell states post transplantation in vivo is inconvenient in mammals. Here, we generated a foxn1/Casper mutant zebrafish that is transparent and exhibits T cell deficiency. By employing the line for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT), we could achieve nonconditioned transplantation. Meanwhile, we found that fetal HSCs from 3 days post fertilization zebrafish embryos produce a better transplant outcome in foxn1/Casper mutants, compared with adult HSCs. In addition to HSCT, the foxn1/Casper mutant is feasible for allografts of myelodysplastic syndrome-like and muscle cells, as well as xenografts of medaka muscle cells. In summary, foxn1/Casper mutants permit the nonconditioned engraftment of multiple cell types and visualized characterization of transplanted cells in vivo. foxn1/Casper mutant zebrafish permit unconditioned and visualized cell transplantation Zebrafish fetal HSCs possess more robust engraftment ability than adult HSCs foxn1/Casper mutant zebrafish permit allogeneic MDS-like cell transplantation Allograft and xenograft of muscle cells can be monitored in foxn1/Casper mutant zebrafish
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Young-Ki Bae
- Comparative Biomedical Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Guixian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Frame JM, Kubaczka C, Long TL, Esain V, Soto RA, Hachimi M, Jing R, Shwartz A, Goessling W, Daley GQ, North TE. Metabolic Regulation of Inflammasome Activity Controls Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Production. Dev Cell 2020; 55:133-149.e6. [PMID: 32810442 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) robustly proliferate while maintaining multilineage potential in vivo; however, an incomplete understanding of spatiotemporal cues governing their generation has impeded robust production from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. Using the zebrafish model, we demonstrate that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) signaling drives HSPC production in response to metabolic activity. Genetic induction of active IL1β or pharmacologic inflammasome stimulation increased HSPC number as assessed by in situ hybridization for runx1/cmyb and flow cytometry. Loss of inflammasome components, including il1b, reduced CD41+ HSPCs and prevented their expansion in response to metabolic cues. Cell ablation studies indicated that macrophages were essential for initial inflammasome stimulation of Il1rl1+ HSPCs. Significantly, in human iPSC-derived hemogenic precursors, transient inflammasome stimulation increased multilineage hematopoietic colony-forming units and T cell progenitors. This work establishes the inflammasome as a conserved metabolic sensor that expands HSPC production in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Frame
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline Kubaczka
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy L Long
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca A Soto
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariam Hachimi
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ran Jing
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arkadi Shwartz
- Genetics Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genetics Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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23
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Baron CS, Barve A, Muraro MJ, van der Linden R, Dharmadhikari G, Lyubimova A, de Koning EJP, van Oudenaarden A. Cell Type Purification by Single-Cell Transcriptome-Trained Sorting. Cell 2020; 179:527-542.e19. [PMID: 31585086 PMCID: PMC6863042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Much of current molecular and cell biology research relies on the ability to purify cell types by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). FACS typically relies on the ability to label cell types of interest with antibodies or fluorescent transgenic constructs. However, antibody availability is often limited, and genetic manipulation is labor intensive or impossible in the case of primary human tissue. To date, no systematic method exists to enrich for cell types without a priori knowledge of cell-type markers. Here, we propose GateID, a computational method that combines single-cell transcriptomics with FACS index sorting to purify cell types of choice using only native cellular properties such as cell size, granularity, and mitochondrial content. We validate GateID by purifying various cell types from zebrafish kidney marrow and the human pancreas to high purity without resorting to specific antibodies or transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé S Baron
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aditya Barve
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mauro J Muraro
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Single Cell Discoveries, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier van der Linden
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gitanjali Dharmadhikari
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Lyubimova
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Section of Nephrology and Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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24
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Rochon ER, Missinato MA, Xue J, Tejero J, Tsang M, Gladwin MT, Corti P. Nitrite Improves Heart Regeneration in Zebrafish. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:363-377. [PMID: 31724431 PMCID: PMC6985782 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nitrite is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) under physiological and pathological hypoxic conditions to modulate angiogenesis and improve ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although adult mammals lack the ability to regenerate the heart after injury, this is preserved in neonates and efforts to reactivate this process are of great interest. Unlike mammals, the adult zebrafish maintain the innate ability to regenerate their hearts after injury, providing an important model to study cardiac regeneration. We thus explored the effects of physiological levels of nitrite on cardiac and fin regeneration and downstream cellular and molecular signaling pathways in response to amputation and cryoinjury. Results: Nitrite treatment of zebrafish after ventricular amputation or cryoinjury to the heart in hypoxic water (∼3 parts per million of oxygen) increases cardiomyocyte proliferation, improves angiogenesis, and enhances early recruitment of thrombocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils to the injury. When tested in a fin regeneration model, neutrophil recruitment to the injury site was found to be dependent on NO. Innovation: This is the first study to evaluate effects of physiological levels of nitrite on cardiac regeneration in response to cardiac injury, with the observation that nitrite in water accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration. Conclusion: Physiological and therapeutic levels of nitrite increase thrombocyte, neutrophil, and macrophage recruitment to the heart after amputation and cryoinjury in zebrafish, resulting in accelerated cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. Translation of this finding to mammalian models of injury during early development may provide an opportunity to improve outcomes during intrauterine fetal or neonatal cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jianmin Xue
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paola Corti
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
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25
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Dobrzycki T, Mahony CB, Krecsmarik M, Koyunlar C, Rispoli R, Peulen-Zink J, Gussinklo K, Fedlaoui B, de Pater E, Patient R, Monteiro R. Deletion of a conserved Gata2 enhancer impairs haemogenic endothelium programming and adult Zebrafish haematopoiesis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:71. [PMID: 32054973 PMCID: PMC7018942 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gata2 is a key transcription factor required to generate Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) from haemogenic endothelium (HE); misexpression of Gata2 leads to haematopoietic disorders. Here we deleted a conserved enhancer (i4 enhancer) driving pan-endothelial expression of the zebrafish gata2a and showed that Gata2a is required for HE programming by regulating expression of runx1 and of the second Gata2 orthologue, gata2b. By 5 days, homozygous gata2aΔi4/Δi4 larvae showed normal numbers of HSPCs, a recovery mediated by Notch signalling driving gata2b and runx1 expression in HE. However, gata2aΔi4/Δi4 adults showed oedema, susceptibility to infections and marrow hypo-cellularity, consistent with bone marrow failure found in GATA2 deficiency syndromes. Thus, gata2a expression driven by the i4 enhancer is required for correct HE programming in embryos and maintenance of steady-state haematopoietic stem cell output in the adult. These enhancer mutants will be useful in exploring further the pathophysiology of GATA2-related deficiencies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dobrzycki
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christopher B Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Monika Krecsmarik
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rossella Rispoli
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joke Peulen-Zink
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bakhta Fedlaoui
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Rui Monteiro
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK.
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26
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Kobayashi I, Kondo M, Yamamori S, Kobayashi-Sun J, Taniguchi M, Kanemaru K, Katakura F, Traver D. Enrichment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the zebrafish kidney. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14205. [PMID: 31578390 PMCID: PMC6775131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the entire blood system throughout life and are utilized in therapeutic approaches for blood diseases. Prospective isolation of highly purified HSCs is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of HSCs. The zebrafish is an elegant genetic model for the study of hematopoiesis due to its many unique advantages. It has not yet been possible, however, to purify HSCs in adult zebrafish due to a lack of specific HSC markers. Here we show the enrichment of zebrafish HSCs by a combination of two HSC-related transgenes, gata2a:GFP and runx1:mCherry. The double-positive fraction of gata2a:GFP and runx1:mCherry (gata2a+runx1+) was detected at approximately 0.16% in the kidney, the main hematopoietic organ in teleosts. Transcriptome analysis revealed that gata2a+runx1+ cells showed typical molecular signatures of HSCs, including upregulation of gata2b, gfi1aa, runx1t1, pbx1b, and meis1b. Transplantation assays demonstrated that long-term repopulating HSCs were highly enriched within the gata2a+runx1+ fraction. In contrast, colony-forming assays showed that gata2a−runx1+ cells abundantly contain erythroid- and/or myeloid-primed progenitors. Thus, our purification method of HSCs in the zebrafish kidney is useful to identify molecular cues needed to regulate self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Mao Kondo
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamamori
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanemaru
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katakura
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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27
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Peng L, Zhou Y, Xu W, Jiang M, Li H, Long M, Liu W, Liu J, Zhao X, Xiao Y. Generation of Stable Induced Pluripotent Stem-like Cells from Adult Zebra Fish Fibroblasts. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2340-2349. [PMID: 31595152 PMCID: PMC6775306 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.34010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells provide a powerful platform for the study of development, regeneration, and disease. Although many stable iPS cell lines have been established for mammals, few attempts have been made to induce iPS cells in nonmammalian species. Because of technical advantages over other vertebrates on stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells from fish could be of value for research. In this paper, stable iPS-like cell lines were generated from adult zebra fish fibroblasts by combining the doxycycline inducible lentiviral delivery system and chemical treatment. RT-PCR analysis, alkaline phosphatase staining, and immunofluorescence indicated that adult zebra fish fibroblasts were successfully reprogrammed into iPS-like cells (ziPSCs). The ziPSCs exhibited stable growth and manifested many features of fish embryonic stem cells with pluripotency in vitro and in vivo. Because of easy maintenance, the developed technology in this study for generating zebra fish iPS-like cells could be extended to investigating other genera of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Minggui Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huajin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Mindi Long
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yamei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
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28
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Paul CD, Bishop K, Devine A, Paine EL, Staunton JR, Thomas SM, Thomas JR, Doyle AD, Miller Jenkins LM, Morgan NY, Sood R, Tanner K. Tissue Architectural Cues Drive Organ Targeting of Tumor Cells in Zebrafish. Cell Syst 2019; 9:187-206.e16. [PMID: 31445892 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells encounter a myriad of physical cues upon arrest and extravasation in capillary beds. Here, we examined the role of physical factors in non-random organ colonization using a zebrafish xenograft model. We observed a two-step process by which mammalian mammary tumor cells showed non-random organ colonization. Initial homing was driven by vessel architecture, where greater numbers of cells became arrested in the topographically disordered blood vessels of the caudal vascular plexus (CVP) than in the linear vessels in the brain. Following arrest, bone-marrow- and brain-tropic clones exhibited organ-specific patterns of extravasation. Extravasation was mediated by β1 integrin, where knockdown of β1 integrin reduced extravasation in the CVP but did not affect extravasation of a brain-tropic clone in the brain. In contrast, silencing myosin 1B redirected early colonization from the brain to the CVP. Our results suggest that organ selectivity is driven by both vessel topography and cell-type-dependent extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Paul
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexus Devine
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elliott L Paine
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack R Staunton
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah M Thomas
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna R Thomas
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole Y Morgan
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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29
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Primitive macrophages are dispensable for HSPC mobilization and definitive hematopoiesis. Blood 2019; 134:782-784. [PMID: 31311814 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018893974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Wysoczynski M, Moore JB, Uchida S. A novel macrophage subtype directs hematopoietic stem cell homing and retention. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S79. [PMID: 31576288 PMCID: PMC6685852 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joseph B. Moore
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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31
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Gacha-Garay MJ, Niño-Joya AF, Bolaños NI, Abenoza L, Quintero G, Ibarra H, Gonzalez JM, Akle V, Garavito-Aguilar ZV. Pilot Study of an Integrative New Tool for Studying Clinical Outcome Discrimination in Acute Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:245. [PMID: 31024847 PMCID: PMC6465644 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemia is a heterogeneous set of diseases affecting children and adults. Current prognostic factors are not accurate predictors of the clinical outcome of adult patients and the stratification of risk groups remains insufficient. For that reason, this study proposes a multifactorial analysis which integrates clinical parameters, ex vivo tumor characterization and behavioral in vivo analysis in zebrafish. This model represents a new approach to understand leukemic primary cells behavior and features associated with aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Xenotransplantation of primary samples from patients newly diagnosed with acute leukemia in zebrafish embryos at 48 hpf was used to asses survival rate, dissemination pattern, and metastatic potential. Seven samples from young adults classified in adverse, favorable or intermediate risk group were characterized. Tumor heterogeneity defined by Leukemic stem cell (LSC) proportion, was performed by metabolic and cell membrane biomarkers characterization. Thus, our work combines all these parameters with a robust quantification strategy that provides important information about leukemia biology, their relationship with specific niches and the existent inter and intra-tumor heterogeneity in acute leukemia. In regard to prognostic factors, leukemic stem cell proportion and Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) migration into zebrafish were the variables with highest weights for the prediction analysis. Higher ALDH activity, less differentiated cells and a broader and random migration pattern are related with worse clinical outcome after induction chemotherapy. This model also recapitulates multiple aspects of human acute leukemia and therefore is a promising tool to be employed not only for preclinical studies but also supposes a new tool with a higher resolution compared to traditional methods for an accurate stratification of patients into worse or favorable clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Gacha-Garay
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Felipe Niño-Joya
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia I Bolaños
- Biomedical Sciences Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina Abenoza
- Department of Oncology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Humberto Ibarra
- Microscopy Core, Vice-Presidency of Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John M Gonzalez
- Biomedical Sciences Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Verónica Akle
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Circadian Rhythms, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Zayra V Garavito-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Fathi E, Farahzadi R, Sheikhzadeh N. Immunophenotypic characterization, multi-lineage differentiation and aging of zebrafish heart and liver tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a novel approach in stem cell-based therapy. Tissue Cell 2019; 57:15-21. [PMID: 30947959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a good model for preclinical and clinical investigations, and alternative sources of MSCs are subject to intensive experiments. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from heart and liver tissue of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). The flow-cytometry as well as RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of a panel of cell surface markers CD44, CD90, CD31 and CD34. In the following, alizarin red, oil red-O and toluidine blue staining were carried out to evaluate the multi-lineage differentiation of zebrafish heart and liver tissue-derived MSCs. Subsequently, the gene and protein expression of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as pluri-potent markers were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. In addition, MTT assay was used for cell proliferation potential and population doubling time (PDT) assessment. Also, the aging of cells was investigated by β-galactosidase activity assay. The results showed that, like other MSCs, zebrafish heart and liver tissue-derived MSCs were positive for mesenchymal, negative for hematopoietic markers and expressed pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. Moreover, these cells were differentiated to osteocyte, adipocyte, and chondrocyte lineages following directed differentiation. It was found that PDT of zebrafish heart and liver tissue-derived MSCs were 50.67 and 46.61 h, respectively. These cells had significantly more rapid growth on day 4. Our results show that zebrafish heart and liver tissue-derived MSCs exhibited typical MSC characteristics including fibroblast morphology, multi-lineage differentiation capacity, pluripotency potential and expression of a typical set of classic MSC surface markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Berrun A, Harris E, Stachura DL. Isthmin 1 (ism1) is required for normal hematopoiesis in developing zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196872. [PMID: 29758043 PMCID: PMC5951578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an essential and highly regulated biological process that begins with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In healthy organisms, HSCs are responsible for generating a multitude of mature blood cells every day, yet the molecular pathways that instruct HSCs to self-renew and differentiate into post-mitotic blood cells are not fully known. To understand these molecular pathways, we investigated novel genes expressed in hematopoietic-supportive cell lines from the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model system increasingly utilized to uncover molecular pathways important in the development of other vertebrate species. We performed RNA sequencing of the transcriptome of three stromal cell lines derived from different stages of embryonic and adult zebrafish and identified hundreds of highly expressed transcripts. For our studies, we focused on isthmin 1 (ism1) due to its shared synteny with its human gene ortholog and because it is a secreted protein. To characterize ism1, we performed loss-of-function experiments to identify if mature blood cell production was disrupted. Myeloid and erythroid lineages were visualized and scored with transgenic zebrafish expressing lineage-specific markers. ism1 knockdown led to reduced numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and erythrocytes. Analysis of clonal methylcellulose assays from ism1 morphants also showed a reduction in total hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Overall, we demonstrate that ism1 is required for normal generation of HSPCs and their downstream progeny during zebrafish hematopoiesis. Further investigation into ism1 and its importance in hematopoiesis may elucidate evolutionarily conserved processes in blood formation that can be further investigated for potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Berrun
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
| | - Elena Harris
- Department of Computer Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
| | - David L Stachura
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
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Gore AV, Pillay LM, Venero Galanternik M, Weinstein BM. The zebrafish: A fintastic model for hematopoietic development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e312. [PMID: 29436122 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process with a variety of different signaling pathways influencing every step of blood cell formation from the earliest precursors to final differentiated blood cell types. Formation of blood cells is crucial for survival. Blood cells carry oxygen, promote organ development and protect organs in different pathological conditions. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for generating all adult differentiated blood cells. Defects in HSPCs or their downstream lineages can lead to anemia and other hematological disorders including leukemia. The zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system to study hematopoiesis. The developmental processes and molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish hematopoiesis are conserved with higher vertebrates, and the genetic and experimental accessibility of the fish and the optical transparency of its embryos and larvae make it ideal for in vivo analysis of hematopoietic development. Defects in zebrafish hematopoiesis reliably phenocopy human blood disorders, making it a highly attractive model system to screen small molecules to design therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the key developmental processes and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish hematopoiesis. We also discuss recent findings highlighting the strengths of zebrafish as a model system for drug discovery against hematopoietic disorders. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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35
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Lin KH, Li MW, Chang YC, Lin YN, Ho YH, Weng WC, Huang CJ, Chang BE, Yao CL, Lee H. Activation of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3 Inhibits Megakaryopoiesis in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Zebrafish. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:216-224. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Ho
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Chun Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jen Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bei-En Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kafina MD, Paw BH. Using the Zebrafish as an Approach to Examine the Mechanisms of Vertebrate Erythropoiesis. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1698:11-36. [PMID: 29076082 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7428-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a powerful model for the study of erythropoiesis and defining the genetic basis of hematological diseases. The mechanisms of erythroid differentiation are highly conserved in the zebrafish, permitting translational research studies and the modeling of erythropoiesis in higher vertebrates. An advantage of the system is the ability to manipulate gene expression and observe the effect on erythroid development in vivo, with relative ease and rapidity. The production of optically transparent embryos also makes it an attractive tool for visual analysis of circulating erythrocytes that can be used to study erythropoiesis. Through large-scale chemical mutagenesis screens, a variety of zebrafish blood mutants have been identified that are used for gene discoveries and the recapitulation of human diseases. Experimental techniques including in situ hybridization, o-dianisidine staining, flow cytometry, and microinjection are now commonly employed to study red blood cell biochemistry and erythropoiesis in the zebrafish. These techniques have been applied for identifying novel genes required for the hemoglobin synthesis, isolating blood cell lineages, visualizing genetic expression within erythroid tissues, and characterizing the phenotype of blood disorders. The applications of zebrafish methodology to the study of erythropoiesis and optimized step-by-step protocols are discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Kafina
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Barry H Paw
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,BWH Hematology, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Room 616, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115-5727, USA.
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Athanasiadis EI, Botthof JG, Andres H, Ferreira L, Lio P, Cvejic A. Single-cell RNA-sequencing uncovers transcriptional states and fate decisions in haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2045. [PMID: 29229905 PMCID: PMC5725498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of marker-based approaches for dissecting haematopoiesis in mouse and human is reliant on the presence of well-defined cell surface markers specific for diverse progenitor populations. An inherent problem with this approach is that the presence of specific cell surface markers does not directly reflect the transcriptional state of a cell. Here, we used a marker-free approach to computationally reconstruct the blood lineage tree in zebrafish and order cells along their differentiation trajectory, based on their global transcriptional differences. Within the population of transcriptionally similar stem and progenitor cells, our analysis reveals considerable cell-to-cell differences in their probability to transition to another committed state. Once fate decision is executed, the suppression of transcription of ribosomal genes and upregulation of lineage-specific factors coordinately controls lineage differentiation. Evolutionary analysis further demonstrates that this haematopoietic programme is highly conserved between zebrafish and higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jan G Botthof
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Helena Andres
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK
| | - Lauren Ferreira
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa
| | - Pietro Lio
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK
| | - Ana Cvejic
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
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38
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Berrun AC, Stachura DL. Development of an In Vitro Assay to Quantitate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) in Developing Zebrafish Embryos. J Vis Exp 2017:56836. [PMID: 29286381 PMCID: PMC5755513 DOI: 10.3791/56836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an essential cellular process in which hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) differentiate into the multitude of different cell lineages that comprise mature blood. Isolation and identification of these HSPCs is difficult because they are defined ex post facto; they can only be defined after their differentiation into specific cell lineages. Over the past few decades, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a model organism to study hematopoiesis. Zebrafish embryos develop ex utero, and by 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) have generated definitive HSPCs. Assays to assess HSPC differentiation and proliferation capabilities have been developed, utilizing transplantation and subsequent reconstitution of the hematopoietic system in addition to visualizing specialized transgenic lines with confocal microscopy. However, these assays are cost prohibitive, technically difficult, and time consuming for many laboratories. Development of an in vitro model to assess HSPCs would be cost effective, quicker, and present fewer difficulties compared to previously described methods, allowing laboratories to quickly assess mutagenesis and drug screens that affect HSPC biology. This novel in vitro assay to assess HSPCs is performed by plating dissociated whole zebrafish embryos and adding exogenous factors that promote only HSPC differentiation and proliferation. Embryos are dissociated into single cells and plated with HSPC-supportive colony stimulating factors that cause them to generate colony forming units (CFUs) that arise from a single progenitor cell. These assays should allow more careful examination of the molecular pathways responsible for HSPC proliferation, differentiation, and regulation, which will allow researchers to understand the underpinnings of vertebrate hematopoiesis and its dysregulation during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Berrun
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico
| | - D L Stachura
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico;
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39
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Identification of a Quality Marker (Q-Marker) of Danhong Injection by the Zebrafish Thrombosis Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091443. [PMID: 28858254 PMCID: PMC6151580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality-marker (Q-marker) is an emerging concept to ensure the quality and batch-to-batch consistency of Chinese medicine (CM). However, significant difficulties remain in the identification of Q-markers due to the unclear relationship between complex chemical compositions and the pharmacological efficacy of CM. In the present study, we proposed a novel strategy to identify the potential Q-marker of danhong injection (DHI) by an in vivo zebrafish thrombosis model. The anti-thrombotic effects of DHI and its major constituents were evaluated by the zebrafish model of arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombosis. The results indicated that DHI can attenuate tail venous thrombus and recover the decrease of heart red blood cell (RBC) intensity in a dose-dependent manner. The result that DHI prevented the formulation of thrombosis in zebrafish was also validated in the zebrafish thrombosis model with green fluorescence protein (GFP)-labeled hemoglobin. The major components of DHI, namely danshen (DS) and honghua (HH), as well as the major chemical constituents of DHI, also exerted anti-thrombotic effects, among which rosmarinic acid (RA) and p-coumaric acid (pCA) showed moderate anti-thrombotic effects. This is the first time that pCA from HH has been found as an active compound exerting an anti-thrombotic effect in a dose-dependent manner, whose IC50 value is approximately 147 μg/mL. By analyzing 10 batches of normal DHI samples and five abnormal samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we found the contents of pCA and RA can be positively correlated to the anti-thrombotic effect of DHI, suggesting that pCA and RA could be potential Q-markers of DHI to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. Our findings illustrated that discovering major active compounds from CM by in vivo pharmacological models can be a useful approach to identifying Q-markers of CM, and in vivo pharmacological models can be a potential tool to evaluate batch-to-batch consistency of CMs.
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40
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Klaus A, Robin C. Embryonic hematopoiesis under microscopic observation. Dev Biol 2017; 428:318-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rowe RG, Mandelbaum J, Zon LI, Daley GQ. Engineering Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Lessons from Development. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 18:707-720. [PMID: 27257760 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell engineering has brought us tantalizingly close to the goal of deriving patient-specific hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While directed differentiation and transcription factor-mediated conversion strategies have generated progenitor cells with multilineage potential, to date, therapy-grade engineered HSCs remain elusive due to insufficient long-term self-renewal and inadequate differentiated progeny functionality. A cross-species approach involving zebrafish and mammalian systems offers complementary methodologies to improve understanding of native HSCs. Here, we discuss the role of conserved developmental timing processes in vertebrate hematopoiesis, highlighting how identification and manipulation of stage-specific factors that specify HSC developmental state must be harnessed to engineer HSCs for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Mandelbaum
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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42
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Craft CS, Scheller EL. Evolution of the Marrow Adipose Tissue Microenvironment. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:461-475. [PMID: 27364342 PMCID: PMC5618436 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes of the marrow adipose tissue (MAT) are distributed throughout the skeleton, are embedded in extracellular matrix, and are surrounded by cells of the hematopoietic and osteogenic lineages. MAT is a persistent component of the skeletal microenvironment and has the potential to impact local processes including bone accrual and hematopoietic function. In this review, we discuss the initial evolution of MAT in vertebrate lineages while emphasizing comparisons to the development of peripheral adipose, hematopoietic, and skeletal tissues. We then apply these evolutionary clues to define putative functions of MAT. Lastly, we explore the regulation of MAT by two major components of its microenvironment, the extracellular matrix and the nerves embedded within. The extracellular matrix and nerves contribute to both rapid and continuous modification of the MAT niche and may help to explain evolutionary conserved mechanisms underlying the coordinated regulation of blood, bone, and MAT within the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has well been studied as a genetic disorder in children (primary HLH). Mutations in the regulatory complex of the cellular immune synapse lead to a loss of function of cytotoxic T‑cells and natural killer cells with excessive inflammation based on a cytokine storm. During the last decade, an increasing number of adult HLH patients without a family history of HLH (secondary or acquired HLH) have been reported. Various triggers - infections, malignancies or autoimmune diseases - result in an acquired loss of function of these cells and a sepsis-like disease. Missed or late diagnosis is believed to be a major cause of the high mortality. OBJECTIVES To describe the current knowledge on HLH and to raise awareness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analysis of case reports, current studies, and expert recommendations. RESULTS Increased vigilance in identifying the adult form of HLH resulted in an increasing number of case reports over the past few years. HLH patients typically present with a clinical phenotype resembling severe sepsis or septic shock with fever, cytopenia, and organomegaly, which do not or insufficiently respond to anti-infective treatment. Early recognition of HLH distinction from sepsis, and prompt initiation of treatment - which is fundamentally different from sepsis - are crucial for improved outcome. A promising diagnostic parameter is ferritin, which has gained sufficient specificity, but only in the context of the triad of fever, cytopenia, and organomegaly. Treatment of adult HLH patients requires immunosuppression, with strict therapeutic guidance derived from the triggering disease. CONCLUSIONS Because of the similar clinical presentation to that of sepsis, HLH is often not recognized, resulting in a fatal outcome. In "sepsis" patients on the ICU with deterioration despite a standard of care, HLH needs to be considered by testing for ferritin when considering differential diagnoses. The complexity of the illness requires interdisciplinary patient care with specific integration of the hematologist in the diagnostic workup and therapeutic management, because of the frequent use of chemotherapy-based immunosuppression.
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44
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Sorting zebrafish thrombocyte lineage cells with a Cd41 monoclonal antibody enriches hematopoietic stem cell activity. Blood 2017; 129:1394-1397. [PMID: 28126924 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-759993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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45
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Avagyan S, Zon LI. Fish to Learn: Insights into Blood Development and Blood Disorders from Zebrafish Hematopoiesis. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:287-94. [PMID: 27018965 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction in early 1980s, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an invaluable vertebrate animal model system to study many human disorders in almost all systems, from hepatic and brain pathology, to autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. Hematopoiesis between zebrafish and mammals is highly conserved, making the zebrafish an attractive model to study hematopoietic development and blood disorders. Unique attributes of the zebrafish include the ability to perform large-scale genetic and chemical screens in vivo, study development at the cellular level, and use transgenic fish to dissect mechanisms of disease or drug effects. This review summarizes major discoveries that helped define molecular control of hematopoiesis in vertebrates and specific contributions from studies in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serine Avagyan
- 1 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonard I Zon
- 1 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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46
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Henninger J, Santoso B, Hans S, Durand E, Moore J, Mosimann C, Brand M, Traver D, Zon L. Clonal fate mapping quantifies the number of haematopoietic stem cells that arise during development. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 19:17-27. [PMID: 27870830 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise in the developing aorta during embryogenesis. The number of HSC clones born has been estimated through transplantation, but experimental approaches to assess the absolute number of forming HSCs in a native setting have remained challenging. Here, we applied single-cell and clonal analysis of HSCs in zebrafish to quantify developing HSCs. Targeting creERT2 in developing cd41:eGFP+ HSCs enabled long-term assessment of their blood contribution. We also applied the Brainbow-based multicolour Zebrabow system with drl:creERT2 that is active in early haematopoiesis to induce heritable colour barcoding unique to each HSC and its progeny. Our findings reveal that approximately 21 HSC clones exist prior to HSC emergence and 30 clones are present during peak production from aortic endothelium. Our methods further reveal that stress haematopoiesis, including sublethal irradiation and transplantation, reduces clonal diversity. Our findings provide quantitative insights into the early clonal events that regulate haematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Henninger
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Buyung Santoso
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Stefan Hans
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ellen Durand
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jessica Moore
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Brand
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Traver
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0380, USA
| | - Leonard Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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47
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Establishment of a congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia model and a thrombocyte–specific reporter line in zebrafish. Leukemia 2016; 31:1206-1216. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Deveau AP, Bentley VL, Berman JN. Using zebrafish models of leukemia to streamline drug screening and discovery. Exp Hematol 2016; 45:1-9. [PMID: 27720937 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for acute leukemias largely rely on nonspecific cytotoxic drugs that result in high therapy-related morbidity and mortality. Cost-effective, pertinent animal models are needed to link in vitro studies with the development of new therapeutic agents in clinical trials on a high-throughput scale. However, targeted therapies have had limited success moving from bench to clinic, often due to unexpected off-target effects. The zebrafish has emerged as a reliable in vivo tool for modeling human leukemia. Zebrafish genetic and xenograft models of acute leukemia provide an unprecedented opportunity to conduct rapid, phenotype-based screens. This allows for the identification of relevant therapies while simultaneously evaluating drug toxicity, thus circumventing the limitations of target-centric approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Deveau
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Victoria L Bentley
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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49
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Robertson AL, Avagyan S, Gansner JM, Zon LI. Understanding the regulation of vertebrate hematopoiesis and blood disorders - big lessons from a small fish. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4016-4033. [PMID: 27616157 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all differentiated blood cells. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and lineage specification of HSCs is key for developing treatments for many human diseases. Zebrafish have emerged as an excellent model for studying vertebrate hematopoiesis. This review will highlight the unique strengths of zebrafish and important findings that have emerged from studies of blood development and disorders using this system. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of hematopoiesis, including the origin of HSCs, molecular control of their development, and key signaling pathways involved in their regulation. We highlight significant findings from zebrafish models of blood disorders and discuss their application for investigating stem cell dysfunction in disease and for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Robertson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Serine Avagyan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MA, USA
| | - John M Gansner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Abstract
Tissue or cell transplantation is an invaluable technique with a multitude of applications including studying the developmental potential of certain cell populations, dissecting cell-environment interactions, and identifying stem cells. One key technical requirement for performing transplantation assays is the capability of distinguishing the transplanted donor cells from the endogenous host cells and tracing the donor cells over time. The zebrafish has emerged as an excellent model organism for performing transplantation assays, thanks in part to the transparency of embryos and even adults when pigment mutants are employed. Using transgenic techniques and fast-evolving imaging technology, fluorescence-labeled donor cells can be readily identified and studied during development in vivo. In this chapter, we will discuss the rationale of different types of zebrafish transplantation in both embryos and adults and then focus on four detailed methods of transplantation: blastula/gastrula transplantation for mosaic analysis, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, chemical screening using a transplantation model, and tumor transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gansner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M Dang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M Ammerman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - L I Zon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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