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Hertz E, Perez G, Hao Y, Rytel K, Ma C, Kirby M, Anderson S, Wincovitch S, Andersh K, Ahfeldt T, Blanchard J, Qi YA, Lopez G, Tayebi N, Sidransky E, Chen Y. Comparative study of enriched dopaminergic neurons from siblings with Gaucher disease discordant for parkinsonism. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.25.581985. [PMID: 38529501 PMCID: PMC10962709 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patient samples have significantly enhanced our ability to model neurological diseases. Comparative studies of dopaminergic (DA) neurons differentiated from iPSCs derived from siblings with Gaucher disease discordant for parkinsonism provides a valuable avenue to explore genetic modifiers contributing to GBA1 -associated parkinsonism in disease-relevant cells. However, such studies are often complicated by the inherent heterogeneity in differentiation efficiency among iPSC lines derived from different individuals. To address this technical challenge, we devised a selection strategy to enrich dopaminergic (DA) neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A neomycin resistance gene (neo) was inserted at the C-terminus of the TH gene following a T2A self-cleavage peptide, placing its expression under the control of the TH promoter. This allows for TH+ DA neuron enrichment through geneticin selection. This method enabled us to generate comparable, high-purity DA neuron cultures from iPSC lines derived from three sisters that we followed for over a decade: one sibling is a healthy individual, and the other two have Gaucher disease (GD) with GBA1 genotype N370S/c.203delC+R257X (p.N409S/c.203delC+p.R296X). Notably, the younger sister with GD later developed Parkinson disease (PD). A comprehensive analysis of these high-purity DA neurons revealed that although GD DA neurons exhibited decreased levels of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), there was no substantial difference in GCase protein levels or lipid substrate accumulation between DA neurons from the GD and GD/PD sisters, suggesting that the PD discordance is related to of other genetic modifiers.
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Furderer ML, Berhe B, Chen TC, Wincovitch S, Jiang X, Tayebi N, Sidransky E, Han TU. A Comparative Biochemical and Pathological Evaluation of Brain Samples from Knock-In Murine Models of Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1827. [PMID: 38339105 PMCID: PMC10855869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder stemming from biallelic mutations in GBA1, characterized by glucocerebrosidase dysfunction and glucocerebroside and glucosylsphingosine accumulation. Since phenotypes of murine models of GD often differ from those in patients, the careful characterization of Gba1 mutant mice is necessary to establish their ability to model GD. We performed side-by-side comparative biochemical and pathologic analyses of four murine Gba1 models with genotypes L444P/L444P (p.L483P/p.L483P), L444P/null, D409H/D409H (p.D448H/p.D448H) and D409H/null, along with matched wildtype mice, all with the same genetic background and cage conditions. All mutant mice exhibited significantly lower glucocerebrosidase activity (p < 0.0001) and higher glucosylsphingosine levels than wildtype, with the lowest glucocerebrosidase and the highest glucosylsphingosine levels in mice carrying a null allele. Although glucocerebrosidase activity in L444P and D409H mice was similar, D409H mice showed more lipid accumulation. No Gaucher or storage-like cells were detected in any of the Gba1 mutant mice. Quantification of neuroinflammation, dopaminergic neuronal loss, alpha-synuclein levels and motor behavior revealed no significant findings, even in aged animals. Thus, while the models may have utility for testing the effect of different therapies on enzymatic activity, they did not recapitulate the pathological phenotype of patients with GD, and better models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makaila L. Furderer
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.L.F.); (B.B.); (T.C.C.); (N.T.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Bahafta Berhe
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.L.F.); (B.B.); (T.C.C.); (N.T.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Tiffany C. Chen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.L.F.); (B.B.); (T.C.C.); (N.T.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- Advanced Imaging & Analysis Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Washington University Metabolomics Facility, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.L.F.); (B.B.); (T.C.C.); (N.T.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.L.F.); (B.B.); (T.C.C.); (N.T.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Tae-Un Han
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.L.F.); (B.B.); (T.C.C.); (N.T.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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3
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Bresciani E, Carrington B, Yu K, Kim EM, Zhen T, Guzman VS, Broadbridge E, Bishop K, Kirby M, Harper U, Wincovitch S, Dell’Orso S, Sartorelli V, Sood R, Liu P. Redundant mechanisms driven independently by RUNX1 and GATA2 for hematopoietic development. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4949-4962. [PMID: 34492681 PMCID: PMC9153008 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is essential for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Runx1-null mouse embryos lack definitive hematopoiesis and die in mid-gestation. However, although zebrafish embryos with a runx1 W84X mutation have defects in early definitive hematopoiesis, some runx1W84X/W84X embryos can develop to fertile adults with blood cells of multilineages, raising the possibility that HSCs can emerge without RUNX1. Here, using 3 new zebrafish runx1-/- lines, we uncovered the compensatory mechanism for runx1-independent hematopoiesis. We show that, in the absence of a functional runx1, a cd41-green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ population of hematopoietic precursors still emerge from the hemogenic endothelium and can colonize the hematopoietic tissues of the mutant embryos. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the cd41-GFP+ cells identified a set of runx1-/--specific signature genes during hematopoiesis. Significantly, gata2b, which normally acts upstream of runx1 for the generation of HSCs, was increased in the cd41-GFP+ cells in runx1-/- embryos. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of both gata2b and its paralog gata2a did not affect hematopoiesis. However, knocking out runx1 and any 3 of the 4 alleles of gata2a and gata2b abolished definitive hematopoiesis. Gata2 expression was also upregulated in hematopoietic cells in Runx1-/- mice, suggesting the compensatory mechanism is conserved. Our findings indicate that RUNX1 and GATA2 serve redundant roles for HSC production, acting as each other's safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Yu
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
| | | | - Tao Zhen
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Wincovitch
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raman Sood
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
- Zebrafish Core
| | - Paul Liu
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
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4
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Pei W, Xu L, Chen Z, Slevin CC, Pettie KP, Wincovitch S, Burgess SM. A subset of SMN complex members have a specific role in tissue regeneration via ERBB pathway-mediated proliferation. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:6. [PMID: 32218991 PMCID: PMC7096462 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the most common genetic disease in children. SMA is generally caused by mutations in the gene SMN1. The survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex consists of SMN1, Gemins (2-8), and Strap/Unrip. We previously demonstrated smn1 and gemin5 inhibited tissue regeneration in zebrafish. Here we investigated each individual SMN complex member and identified gemin3 as another regeneration-essential gene. These three genes are likely pan-regenerative, since they affect the regeneration of hair cells, liver, and caudal fin. RNA-Seq analysis reveals that smn1, gemin3, and gemin5 are linked to a common set of genetic pathways, including the tp53 and ErbB pathways. Additional studies indicated all three genes facilitate regeneration by inhibiting the ErbB pathway, thereby allowing cell proliferation in the injured neuromasts. This study provides a new understanding of the SMN complex and a potential etiology for SMA and potentially other rare unidentified genetic diseases with similar symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhong Pei
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lisha Xu
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Zelin Chen
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Claire C. Slevin
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kade P. Pettie
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Shawn M. Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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5
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Clarke A, McQueen PG, Fang HY, Kannan R, Wang V, McCreedy E, Buckley T, Johannessen E, Wincovitch S, Giniger E. Dynamic morphogenesis of a pioneer axon in Drosophila and its regulation by Abl tyrosine kinase. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:452-465. [PMID: 31967935 PMCID: PMC7185889 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental problem in axon growth and guidance is to understand how cytoplasmic signaling modulates the cytoskeleton to produce directed growth cone motility. We here dissect this process using live imaging of the TSM1 axon of the developing Drosophila wing. We find that the growth cone is almost purely filopodial, and that it extends by a protrusive mode of growth. Quantitative analysis reveals two separate groups of growth cone properties that together account for growth cone structure and dynamics. The core morphological features of the growth cone are strongly correlated with one another and define two discrete morphs. Genetic manipulation of a critical mediator of axon guidance signaling, Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase, shows that while Abl weakly modulates the ratio of the two morphs it does not greatly change their properties. Rather, Abl primarily regulates the second group of properties, which report the organization and distribution of actin in the growth cone and are coupled to growth cone velocity. Other experiments dissect the nature of that regulation of actin organization and how it controls the spatial localization of filopodial dynamics and thus axon extension. Together, these observations suggest a novel, probabilistic mechanism by which Abl biases the stochastic fluctuations of growth cone actin to direct axon growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanni Clarke
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine/NIH Graduate Partnership Program, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Philip G McQueen
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hsiao Yu Fang
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ramakrishnan Kannan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Victor Wang
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Evan McCreedy
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tyler Buckley
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Erika Johannessen
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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6
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Clarke A, McQueen PG, Fang HY, Kannan R, Wang V, McCreedy E, Wincovitch S, Giniger E. Abl signaling directs growth of a pioneer axon in Drosophila by shaping the intrinsic fluctuations of actin. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:466-477. [PMID: 31967946 PMCID: PMC7185895 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental problem in axon growth and guidance is understanding how cytoplasmic signaling modulates the cytoskeleton to produce directed growth cone motility. Live imaging of the TSM1 axon of the developing Drosophila wing has shown that the essential role of the core guidance signaling molecule, Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase, is to modulate the organization and spatial localization of actin in the advancing growth cone. Here, we dissect in detail the properties of that actin organization and its consequences for growth cone morphogenesis and motility. We show that advance of the actin mass in the distal axon drives the forward motion of the dynamic filopodial domain that defines the growth cone. We further show that Abl regulates both the width of the actin mass and its internal organization, spatially biasing the intrinsic fluctuations of actin to achieve net advance of the actin, and thus of the dynamic filopodial domain of the growth cone, while maintaining the essential coherence of the actin mass itself. These data suggest a model whereby guidance signaling systematically shapes the intrinsic, stochastic fluctuations of actin in the growth cone to produce axon growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanni Clarke
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine/National Institutes of Health Graduate Partnerships Program, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Philip G McQueen
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hsiao Yu Fang
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ramakrishnan Kannan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Victor Wang
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Evan McCreedy
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Rissone A, Weinacht KG, la Marca G, Bishop K, Giocaliere E, Jagadeesh J, Felgentreff K, Dobbs K, Al-Herz W, Jones M, Chandrasekharappa S, Kirby M, Wincovitch S, Simon KL, Itan Y, DeVine A, Schlaeger T, Schambach A, Sood R, Notarangelo LD, Candotti F. Reticular dysgenesis–associated AK2 protects hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development from oxidative stress. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2015. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2102oia141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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8
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Rissone A, Weinacht KG, la Marca G, Bishop K, Giocaliere E, Jagadeesh J, Felgentreff K, Dobbs K, Al-Herz W, Jones M, Chandrasekharappa S, Kirby M, Wincovitch S, Simon KL, Itan Y, DeVine A, Schlaeger T, Schambach A, Sood R, Notarangelo LD, Candotti F. Reticular dysgenesis-associated AK2 protects hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development from oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1185-202. [PMID: 26150473 PMCID: PMC4516804 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rissone et al. demonstrate that adenylate kinase AK2, an enzyme mutated in reticular dysgenesis (RD) in humans, prevents oxidative stress during hematopoiesis. Using a zebrafish model, as well as induced pluripotent stem cells derived from an RD patient, they find that AK2 deficiency affects hematopoietic stem and progenitor development with increased oxidative stress. Antioxidant treatment rescues the hematopoietic phenotypes. Adenylate kinases (AKs) are phosphotransferases that regulate the cellular adenine nucleotide composition and play a critical role in the energy homeostasis of all tissues. The AK2 isoenzyme is expressed in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and is mutated in reticular dysgenesis (RD), a rare form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in humans. RD is characterized by a maturation arrest in the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, leading to early onset, recurrent, and overwhelming infections. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of RD, we studied the effects of AK2 deficiency using the zebrafish model and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from fibroblasts of an RD patient. In zebrafish, Ak2 deficiency affected hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) development with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. AK2-deficient iPSCs recapitulated the characteristic myeloid maturation arrest at the promyelocyte stage and demonstrated an increased AMP/ADP ratio, indicative of an energy-depleted adenine nucleotide profile. Antioxidant treatment rescued the hematopoietic phenotypes in vivo in ak2 mutant zebrafish and restored differentiation of AK2-deficient iPSCs into mature granulocytes. Our results link hematopoietic cell fate in AK2 deficiency to cellular energy depletion and increased oxidative stress. This points to the potential use of antioxidants as a supportive therapeutic modality for patients with RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rissone
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Katja Gabriele Weinacht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Giancarlo la Marca
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology, and Child Health, University of Florence, 51039 Florence, Italy Meyer Children's University Hospital, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Jayashree Jagadeesh
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kerstin Felgentreff
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Pediatric Department, Al-Sabah Hospital, 70459 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Marypat Jones
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Settara Chandrasekharappa
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Martha Kirby
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karen Lyn Simon
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alex DeVine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thorsten Schlaeger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Axel Schambach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Raman Sood
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch; Zebrafish Core and Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch; Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch; Division of Intramural Research Flow Cytometry Core; and Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, Genetic Disease Research Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Division of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Efthymiou AG, Steiner J, Pavan WJ, Wincovitch S, Larson DM, Porter FD, Rao MS, Malik N. Rescue of an in vitro neuron phenotype identified in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons by modulating the WNT pathway and calcium signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:230-8. [PMID: 25637190 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a familial disorder that has devastating consequences on postnatal development with multisystem effects, including neurodegeneration. There is no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment option for NPC1; however, several potentially therapeutic compounds have been identified in assays using yeast, rodent models, and NPC1 human fibroblasts. Although these discoveries were made in fibroblasts from NPC1 subjects and were in some instances validated in animal models of the disease, testing these drugs on a cell type more relevant for NPC1 neurological disease would greatly facilitate both study of the disease and identification of more relevant therapeutic compounds. Toward this goal, we have generated an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a subject homozygous for the most frequent NPC1 mutation (p.I1061T) and subsequently created a stable line of neural stem cells (NSCs). These NSCs were then used to create neurons as an appropriate disease model. NPC1 neurons display a premature cell death phenotype, and gene expression analysis of these cells suggests dysfunction of important signaling pathways, including calcium and WNT. The clear readout from these cells makes them ideal candidates for high-throughput screening and will be a valuable tool to better understand the development of NPC1 in neural cells, as well as to develop better therapeutic options for NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G Efthymiou
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joe Steiner
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise M Larson
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nasir Malik
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Kannan R, Kuzina I, Wincovitch S, Nowotarski SH, Giniger E. The Abl/enabled signaling pathway regulates Golgi architecture in Drosophila photoreceptor neurons. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2993-3005. [PMID: 25103244 PMCID: PMC4230588 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is optimized separately in different tissues for efficient protein trafficking, but we know little of how cell signaling shapes this organelle. We now find that the Abl tyrosine kinase signaling pathway controls the architecture of the Golgi complex in Drosophila photoreceptor (PR) neurons. The Abl effector, Enabled (Ena), selectively labels the cis-Golgi in developing PRs. Overexpression or loss of function of Ena increases the number of cis- and trans-Golgi cisternae per cell, and Ena overexpression also redistributes Golgi to the most basal portion of the cell soma. Loss of Abl or its upstream regulator, the adaptor protein Disabled, lead to the same alterations of Golgi as does overexpression of Ena. The increase in Golgi number in Abl mutants arises in part from increased frequency of Golgi fission events and a decrease in fusions, as revealed by live imaging. Finally, we demonstrate that the effects of Abl signaling on Golgi are mediated via regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these data reveal a direct link between cell signaling and Golgi architecture. Moreover, they raise the possibility that some of the effects of Abl signaling may arise, in part, from alterations of protein trafficking and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Kannan
- Axon Guidance and Neural Connectivity Unit, Basic Neuroscience Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Irina Kuzina
- Axon Guidance and Neural Connectivity Unit, Basic Neuroscience Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephanie H Nowotarski
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Edward Giniger
- Axon Guidance and Neural Connectivity Unit, Basic Neuroscience Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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11
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Rees MG, Wincovitch S, Schultz J, Waterstradt R, Beer NL, Baltrusch S, Collins FS, Gloyn AL. Cellular characterisation of the GCKR P446L variant associated with type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetologia 2012; 55:114-22. [PMID: 22038520 PMCID: PMC3276843 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Translation of genetic association signals into molecular mechanisms for diabetes has been slow. The glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP; gene symbol GCKR) P446L variant, associated with inverse modulation of glucose- and lipid-related traits, has been shown to alter the kinetics of glucokinase (GCK) inhibition. As GCK inhibition is associated with nuclear sequestration, we aimed to determine whether this variant also alters the direct interaction between GKRP and GCK and their intracellular localisation. METHODS Fluorescently tagged rat and human wild-type (WT)- or P446L-GCKR and GCK were transiently transfected into HeLa cells and mouse primary hepatocytes. Whole-cell and nuclear fluorescence was quantified in individual cells exposed to low- or high-glucose conditions (5.5 or 25 mmol/l glucose, respectively). Interaction between GCK and GKRP was measured by sensitised emission-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency. RESULTS P446L-GKRP had a decreased degree of nuclear localisation, ability to sequester GCK and direct interaction with GCK as measured by FRET compared with WT-GKRP. Decreased interaction was observed between WT-GKRP and GCK at high compared with low glucose, but not between P446L-GKRP and GCK. Rat WT-GKRP and P446L-GKRP behaved quite differently: both variants responded to high glucose by diminished sequestration of GCK but showed no effect of the P446L variant on nuclear localisation or GCK sequestration. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study suggests the common human P446L-GKRP variant protein results in elevated hepatic glucose uptake and disposal by increasing active cytosolic GCK. This would increase hepatic lipid biosynthesis but decrease fasting plasma glucose concentrations and provides a potential mechanism for the protective effect of this allele on type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Rees
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - S. Wincovitch
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - J. Schultz
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - R. Waterstradt
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - N. L. Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
| | - S. Baltrusch
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - F. S. Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - A. L. Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ UK
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12
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Dutra A, Pak E, Wincovitch S, John K, Poirier MC, Olivero OA. Nuclear bud formation: a novel manifestation of Zidovudine genotoxicity. Cytogenet Genome Res 2010; 128:105-10. [PMID: 20407220 DOI: 10.1159/000298794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal diploid somatic mammalian cell division generates 2 daughter cells as a result of a strict and well-controlled mitotic process. However, some defects during the progression of that process could generate an unbalanced distribution of chromosomes, aneuploidy and eventually, a malignant phenotype. Previous observations using a transgenic mouse model with diminished DNA repair capacity revealed the presence of nuclear buds (NBs) induced in vitro by the nucleoside analog zidovudine (Retrovir(R), 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, AZT). Here we used bone marrow mesenchymal cells, taken from mice with the Xpa(-/-)Trp53(+/-) genotype, that were cultured and exposed to 0 and 100 muM AZT for 24 hours. Fixed and denatured cells were processed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome painting probes used to identify chromosomes in cells growing on glass chamber slides (2 probes/slide). A variety of sizes and shapes of NBs were observed. Some NBs had a large connection with the main nucleus (>(1/4) of the NB diameter), others hada smaller connection (<(1/4) of the NB diameter), some were circular and positioned close to the nucleus, while some resided in the cytoplasm separated from the nucleus or connected by a thin chromatin strand. We had hypothesized that NBs would progress in the process of budding until separation occurred, but this was not proven by time-lapse photography studies performed for 20 hours. From 1,126 cells scored in the unexposed cultures, 10.39 % of cells carried NBs, while from 1,108 cells scored in the AZT-exposed cultures 29.16% of cells carried NBs (p = 0.001). In AZT-exposed cells there were a total of 322 NBs scored; 46.6% or 150 NBs contained positive signals for one or both probes used, while 53% or 172 NBs had no probe signal. In addition, FISH analysis showed no preferential localization of any chromosome within the NBs. Among the NBs that carried no probe signal, the presence of positive signals with inversion of DAPI imaging demonstrated centromeric content. It has been hypothesized that NBs occur as a result of expulsion of amplified DNA from the main nucleus; however, this data demonstrates that NBs may contain any chromosome, suggesting that NBs do not consist of just amplified DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutra
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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13
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Sikdar N, Banerjee S, Lee KY, Wincovitch S, Pak E, Nakanishi K, Jasin M, Dutra A, Myung K. DNA damage responses by human ELG1 in S phase are important to maintain genomic integrity. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:3199-207. [PMID: 19755857 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.19.9752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic integrity depends on DNA replication, recombination and repair, particularly in S phase. We demonstrate that a human homologue of yeast Elg1 plays an important role in S phase to preserve genomic stability. The level of ELG1 is induced during recovery from a variety of DNA damage. In response to DNA damage, ELG1 forms distinct foci at stalled DNA replication forks that are different from DNA double strand break foci. Targeted gene knockdown of ELG1 resulted in spontaneous foci formation of gamma-H2AX, 53BP1 and phosphorylated-ATM that mark chromosomal breaks. Abnormal chromosomes including fusions, inversions and hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents were also observed in cells expressing low level of ELG1 by targeted gene knockdown. Knockdown of ELG1 by siRNA reduced homologous recombination frequency in the I-SceI induced double strand break-dependent assay. In contrast, spontaneous homologous recombination frequency and sister chromatin exchange rate were upregulated when ELG1 was silenced by shRNA. Taken together, we propose that ELG1 would be a new member of proteins involved in maintenance of genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilabja Sikdar
- Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Rochman M, Postnikov Y, Correll S, Malicet C, Wincovitch S, Karpova TS, McNally JG, Wu X, Bubunenko NA, Grigoryev S, Bustin M. The interaction of NSBP1/HMGN5 with nucleosomes in euchromatin counteracts linker histone-mediated chromatin compaction and modulates transcription. Mol Cell 2009; 35:642-56. [PMID: 19748358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural changes in specific chromatin domains are essential to the orderly progression of numerous nuclear processes, including transcription. We report that the nuclear protein NSBP1 (HMGN5), a recently discovered member of the HMGN nucleosome-binding protein family, is specifically targeted by its C-terminal domain to nucleosomes in euchromatin. We find that the interaction of NSBP1 with nucleosomes alters the compaction of cellular chromatin and that in living cells, NSBP1 interacts with linker histones. We demonstrate that the negatively charged C-terminal domain of NSBP1 interacts with the positively charged C-terminal domain of H5 and that NSBP1 counteracts the linker histone-mediated compaction of a nucleosomal array. Dysregulation of the cellular levels of NSBP1 alters the transcription level of numerous genes. We suggest that mouse NSBP1 is an architectural protein that binds preferentially to euchromatin and modulates the fidelity of the cellular transcription profile by counteracting the chromatin-condensing activity of linker histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rochman
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Myung K, Banerjee S, Yang K, Sikdar N, Lee K, Cohn M, Wincovitch S, Pak E, Nakanishi K, Jasin M, Dutra A, D'Andrea A. Human ELG1 regulates the level of monoubiquitinated PCNA through interactions with PCNA, USP1, and polymerase η. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.836.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kailin Yang
- Radiation OncobolyHovard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | | | - Martin Cohn
- Radiation OncobolyHovard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Evgenia Pak
- Genetics and Molecular BiologyNHGRI, NIHBethesdaMD
| | - Koji Nakanishi
- Developmental Biology ProgramMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology ProgramMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Amalia Dutra
- Genetics and Molecular BiologyNHGRI, NIHBethesdaMD
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16
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Liao W, Xiao Q, Tchikov V, Fujita KI, Yang W, Wincovitch S, Garfield S, Conze D, El-Deiry WS, Schütze S, Srinivasula SM. CARP-2 is an endosome-associated ubiquitin ligase for RIP and regulates TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation. Curr Biol 2008; 18:641-9. [PMID: 18450452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) elicits cellular responses by signaling through a receptor complex that includes the essential adaptor molecule RIP. One important consequence of signaling is activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, and failure to downregulate TNF-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity results in chronic inflammation and death. Internalization of the receptor complex plays an important regulatory role in TNF signaling. RESULTS We report that CARP-2, a RING domain-containing ubiquitin protein ligase (E3), is a negative regulator of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation. By virtue of its phospholipid-binding FYVE domain, CARP-2 localized to endocytic vesicles, where it interacted with internalized TNF-receptor complex, resulting in RIP ubiquitination and degradation. Knockdown of CARP-2 stabilized TNFR1-associated polyubiquitinated RIP levels after TNF simulation and enhanced activation of NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS CARP-2 acts at the level of endocytic vesicles to limit the intensity of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation by the regulated elimination of a necessary signaling component within the receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Liao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Paterson JK, Shukla S, Black CM, Tachiwada T, Garfield S, Wincovitch S, Ernst DN, Agadir A, Li X, Ambudkar SV, Szakacs G, Akiyama SI, Gottesman MM. Human ABCB6 Localizes to Both the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane and the Plasma Membrane. Biochemistry 2007; 46:9443-52. [PMID: 17661442 DOI: 10.1021/bi700015m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB6 has been associated with multiple cellular functions, including resistance to several cytotoxic agents, iron homeostasis, and porphyrin transport. To further elucidate its physiological function and/or role in drug resistance, we determined the subcellular location of ABCB6. Using three novel ABCB6-specific antibodies, Western blot analysis of cells expressing cDNA-derived or endogenous ABCB6 revealed two distinct molecular weight forms. Confocal microscopy indicates that the protein localizes to both mitochondria and the plasma membrane. Differential centrifugation revealed that the lower molecular weight form predominantly resides in the mitochondria, while the larger protein form is more abundant in the plasma membrane. Preliminary studies indicate that ABCB6 is functionally relevant in the plasma membrane, where its expression prevents the accumulation of specific porphyrins in the cell. Digitonin solubilization of mitochondria demonstrated that ABCB6 is present in the outer mitochondrial membrane, while back-titration assays with the ABCB6-specific antibodies reveal that the nucleotide binding domain of ABCB6 is cytoplasmic. These studies are the first to demonstrate that ABCB6 exists in two molecular weight forms, is localized to both the outer mitochondrial membrane and the plasma membrane, and plays a functional role in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Paterson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256, USA
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18
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Malolanarasimhan K, Kedei N, Sigano DM, Kelley JA, Lai CC, Lewin NE, Surawski RJ, Pavlyukovets VA, Garfield SH, Wincovitch S, Blumberg PM, Marquez VE. Conformationally Constrained Analogues of Diacylglycerol (DAG). 27. Modulation of Membrane Translocation of Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes α and δ by Diacylglycerol Lactones (DAG-lactones) Containing Rigid-Rod Acyl Groups. J Med Chem 2007; 50:962-78. [PMID: 17284021 DOI: 10.1021/jm061289j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Highly rigid and geometrically well-defined rods composed of ethynylene-substituted aromatic spacers [oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene), OPE] were incorporated as acyl moieties on diacylglycerol lactones (DAG-lactones) and investigated for their ability to bind to protein kinase C (PKC) and translocate PKC alpha and delta isoforms to plasma and internal membranes. The kinetics of PKC translocation were correlated with biological responses, viz. ERK phosphorylation, induction of IL-6 secretion, inhibition of cell proliferation, and induction of cellular attachment, that display very different time courses. Because OPE rods assemble through noncovalent forces and form stable films, they may influence the microdomain environment around the DAG-lactone membrane-binding site. A comparison of two DAG-lactones (1 and 10), one with two PE units (1) and the other with an equivalent flexible acyl chain (10) of matching lipophilicity, clearly demonstrated the effect of the rigid OPE chain in substantially prolonging the translocated state of both PKC alpha and delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Malolanarasimhan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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19
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Pu Y, Peach ML, Garfield SH, Wincovitch S, Marquez VE, Blumberg PM. Effects on Ligand Interaction and Membrane Translocation of the Positively Charged Arginine Residues Situated along the C1 Domain Binding Cleft in the Atypical Protein Kinase C Isoforms. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:33773-88. [PMID: 16950780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606560200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The C1 domain zinc finger structure is highly conserved among the protein kinase C (PKC) superfamily members. As the interaction site for the second messenger sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and for the phorbol esters, the C1 domain has been an important target for developing selective ligands for different PKC isoforms. However, the C1 domains of the atypical PKC members are DAG/phorbol ester-insensitive. Compared with the DAG/phorbol ester-sensitive C1 domains, the rim of the binding cleft of the atypical PKC C1 domains possesses four additional positively charged arginine residues (at positions 7, 10, 11, and 20). In this study, we showed that mutation to arginines of the four corresponding sites in the C1b domain of PKCdelta abolished its high potency for phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate in vitro, with only marginal remaining activity for phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in vivo. We also demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo that the loss of potency to ligands was cumulative with the introduction of the arginine residues along the rim of the binding cavity rather than the consequence of loss of a single, specific residue. Computer modeling reveals that these arginine residues reduce access of ligands to the binding cleft and change the electrostatic profile of the C1 domain surface, whereas the basic structure of the binding cleft is still maintained. Finally, mutation of the four arginine residues of the atypical PKC C1 domains to the corresponding residues in the deltaC1b domain conferred response to phorbol ester. We speculate that the arginine residues of the C1 domain of atypical PKCs may provide an opportunity for the design of ligands selective for the atypical PKCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Pu
- Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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20
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Lazar J, Braun DC, Tóth A, Wang Y, Pearce LV, Pavlyukovets VA, Blumberg PM, Garfield SH, Wincovitch S, Choi HK, Lee J. Kinetics of penetration influence the apparent potency of vanilloids on TRPV1. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 69:1166-73. [PMID: 16418338 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.019158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence that the ligand binding site of TRPV1 lies on the inner face of the plasma membrane and that much of the TRPV1 itself is localized to internal membranes suggests that the rate of ligand entry into the cell may be an important determinant of the kinetics of ligand action. In this study, we synthesized a BODIPY TR-labeled fluorescent capsaicin analog (CHK-884) so that we could directly measure ligand entry. We report that CHK-884 penetrated only slowly into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing rat TRPV1, with a t1/2 of 30 +/- 4 min, and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Although CHK-884 was only weakly potent for TRPV1 binding (Ki = 6400 +/- 230 nM), it was appreciably more potent when assayed by intracellular calcium imaging and was 3.2-fold more potent with a 1-h incubation time (37 nM) than with a 5-min incubation time. Olvanil, a highly lipophilic vanilloid, yielded an EC50 of 4.3 nM upon intracellular calcium imaging with an incubation time of 1 h, compared with an EC50 value of 29.5 nM for calcium imaging assayed at 5 min. Likewise, the antagonist 5-iodo-resiniferatoxin (5-iodo-RTX) displayed a Ki of 4.2 pM if incubated with CHO-TRPV1 cells for 2 h before addition of capsaicin compared with 1.5 nM if added simultaneously. We conclude that some vanilloids may have slow kinetics of uptake; this slow uptake may affect assessment of structure activity relations and may represent a significant factor for vanilloid drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Lazar
- Molecular Mechanism of Tumor Promotion, Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive, MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nucleic acid derangements are the hallmark of melanocytic dysplasia, the gold standard for its diagnosis remains the microscopic evaluation of haematoxylin and eosin stained slides. However, light microscopy is subjective and crucial genomic changes do not always show as changes in histology. AIMS To introduce the nucleic acid index (NAI) as a means of analysing nucleic acid derangements in histological sections at the level of the individual cell and within the context of its microenvironment. METHODS Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed on melanocytic lesions stained with acridine orange (AO), a fluorescent stain for DNA and RNA. The NAI, calculated by measuring the fluorescence intensities of AO in nuclei relative to the surrounding cytoplasm, reflects the concentration of DNA relative to RNA. RESULTS When applied to benign naevi, dysplastic naevi, and melanoma, a very strong significant association was seen between lower NAI and malignant potential (p < 0.0001). Strong inverse correlations were found between NAI and both mitotic index and Breslow thickness. Interestingly, the NAI for dysplastic naevi is between that of melanoma and most benign naevi, consistent with their intermediate biological behaviour and histological appearance. CONCLUSION By providing a quantitative measure for melanocytic neoplasia, the NAI may improve the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions and the selection of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Berman
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bldg 10-2N212, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD 20896, USA.
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22
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Liang XJ, Taylor B, Cardarelli C, Yin JJ, Annereau JP, Garfield S, Wincovitch S, Szakács G, Gottesman MM, Aszalos A. Different roles for K+ channels in cisplatin-resistant cell lines argue against a critical role for these channels in cisplatin resistance. Anticancer Res 2005; 25:4113-22. [PMID: 16309205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance has been associated with altered K+ fluxes. Here, we focused our investigations on the detection of K+ channels in a series of cisplatin-resistant (CP-r) cells with increasing resistance and on the functional relationship of these K+ channels to resistance. Microarray analysis and confocal microscopy indicated that there was overexpression of the ether-a-gogo gene (HERG) and the inwardly rectifying potassium channel gene (TWIK) in a human epidermal KB and human liver BEL-7404 carcinoma cell line series selected for cisplatin resistance. With increased resistance, the plasma membrane potential, but not the mitochondrial membrane potential, also increases in these two series. For these reasons, we conducted cell proliferation studies in the presence of either antibodies directed against the detected K+ channels, omeprazole (a H+ pump inhibitor) or a specific inhibitor of the HERG channel (WAY-123398-A-5). The antibodies and omeprazole influenced cell growth only very slightly. The specific K+ channel blocker did not alter cisplatin resistance. We also observed that manipulation of K+ fluxes with antibodies and the H+ pump with omeprazole resulted in opposite effects on cisplatin resistance in these two cell lines. We conclude that K+ and H+ homeostasis are not critical factors in cisplatin resistance since they affect cisplatin resistance differently in KB and BEL-7404 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda 20892-4256, Maryland, USA
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Pedeux R, Sengupta S, Shen JC, Demidov ON, Saito S, Onogi H, Kumamoto K, Wincovitch S, Garfield SH, McMenamin M, Nagashima M, Grossman SR, Appella E, Harris CC. ING2 regulates the onset of replicative senescence by induction of p300-dependent p53 acetylation. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:6639-48. [PMID: 16024799 PMCID: PMC1190357 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.15.6639-6648.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ING2 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene that can activate p53 by enhancing its acetylation. Here, we demonstrate that ING2 is also involved in p53-mediated replicative senescence. ING2 protein expression increased in late-passage human primary cells, and it colocalizes with serine 15-phosphorylated p53. ING2 and p53 also complexed with the histone acetyltransferase p300. ING2 enhanced the interaction between p53 and p300 and acted as a cofactor for p300-mediated p53 acetylation. The level of ING2 expression directly modulated the onset of replicative senescence. While overexpression of ING2 induced senescence in young fibroblasts in a p53-dependent manner, expression of ING2 small interfering RNA delayed the onset of senescence. Hence, ING2 can act as a cofactor of p300 for p53 acetylation and thereby plays a positive regulatory role during p53-mediated replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Pedeux
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg 37, Room 3068, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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