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Kubota S, Sun Y, Morii M, Bai J, Ideue T, Hirayama M, Sorin S, Eerdunduleng, Yokomizo-Nakano T, Osato M, Hamashima A, Iimori M, Araki K, Umemoto T, Sashida G. Chromatin modifier Hmga2 promotes adult hematopoietic stem cell function and blood regeneration in stress conditions. EMBO J 2024; 43:2661-2684. [PMID: 38811851 PMCID: PMC11217491 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms governing the response of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to stress insults remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated effects of conditional knock-out or overexpression of Hmga2 (High mobility group AT-hook 2), a transcriptional activator of stem cell genes in fetal HSCs. While Hmga2 overexpression did not affect adult hematopoiesis under homeostasis, it accelerated HSC expansion in response to injection with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or in vitro treatment with TNF-α. In contrast, HSC and megakaryocyte progenitor cell numbers were decreased in Hmga2 KO animals. Transcription of inflammatory genes was repressed in Hmga2-overexpressing mice injected with 5-FU, and Hmga2 bound to distinct regions and chromatin accessibility was decreased in HSCs upon stress. Mechanistically, we found that casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates the Hmga2 acidic domain, promoting its access and binding to chromatin, transcription of anti-inflammatory target genes, and the expansion of HSCs under stress conditions. Notably, the identified stress-regulated Hmga2 gene signature is activated in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells of human myelodysplastic syndrome patients. In sum, these results reveal a TNF-α/CK2/phospho-Hmga2 axis controlling adult stress hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takako Ideue
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirayama
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Supannika Sorin
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eerdunduleng
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kumamoto Kenhoku Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ai Hamashima
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mihoko Iimori
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Chen J, Wen Y, Lin L, Cui Y, Chen Z, Gao J, Zhuang Y, Chen Q. Fosl2 Deficiency Predisposes Mice to Osteopetrosis, Leading to Bone Marrow Failure. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1081-1093. [PMID: 38380993 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Arthritis causes Fos-like 2 (Fosl2) inactivation, and various immune cells contribute to its pathogenesis. However, little is known about the role of Fosl2 in hematopoiesis and the possible pathological role of Fosl2 inactivation in the hematopoietic system in arthritis. In this study, we show that Fosl2 maintains hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence and differentiation while controlling the inflammatory response via macrophages. Fosl2-specific deletion in the hematopoietic system caused the expansion of HSCs and myeloid cell growth while affecting erythroid and B cell differentiation. Fosl2 inactivation enhanced macrophage M1 polarization and stimulated proinflammatory cytokines and myeloid growth factors, skewing HSCs toward myeloid cell differentiation, similar to hematopoietic alterations in arthritic mice. Loss of Fosl2 mediated by Vav-iCre also displays an unexpected deletion in embryonic erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived osteoclasts, leading to osteopetrosis and anemia. The reduced bone marrow cellularity in Vav-iCreFosl2f/f mice is a consequence of the reduced bone marrow space in osteopetrotic mice rather than a direct role of Fosl2 in hematopoiesis. Thus, Fosl2 is indispensable for erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived osteoclasts to maintain the medullary cavity to ensure normal hematopoiesis. These findings improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of bone-destructive diseases and provide important implications for developing therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchen Cui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yifang Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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3
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Yin Z, Ge L, Cha Z, Gao H, A L, Zeng Y, Huang X, Cheng X, Yao K, Tao Z, Xu H. Identifying Hmga2 preserving visual function by promoting a shift of Müller glia cell fate in mice with acute retinal injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:54. [PMID: 38414051 PMCID: PMC10900711 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike in lower vertebrates, Müller glia (MG) in adult mammalian retinas lack the ability to reprogram into neurons after retinal injury or degeneration and exhibit reactive gliosis instead. Whether a transition in MG cell fate from gliosis to reprogramming would help preserve photoreceptors is still under exploration. METHODS A mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was established using MG cell lineage tracing mice by intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate (SI). The critical time point for the fate determination of MG gliosis was determined through immunohistochemical staining methods. Then, bulk-RNA and single-cell RNA seq techniques were used to elucidate the changes in RNA transcription of the retina and MG at that time point, and new genes that may determine the fate transition of MG were screened. Finally, the selected gene was specifically overexpressed in MG cells through adeno-associated viruses (AAV) in the mouse RP model. Bulk-RNA seq technique, immunohistochemical staining methods, and visual function testing were used to elucidate and validate the mechanism of new genes function on MG cell fate transition and retinal function. RESULTS Here, we found the critical time point for MG gliosis fate determination was 3 days post SI injection. Hmga2 was screened out as a candidate regulator for the cell fate transition of MG. After retinal injury caused by SI, the Hmga2 protein is temporarily and lowly expressed in MG cells. Overexpression of Hmga2 in MG down-regulated glial cell related genes and up-regulated photoreceptor related genes. Besides, overexpressing Hmga2 exclusively to MG reduced MG gliosis, made MG obtain cone's marker, and retained visual function in mice with acute retinal injury. CONCLUSION Our results suggested the unique reprogramming properties of Hmga2 in regulating the fate transition of MG and neuroprotective effects on the retina with acute injury. This work uncovers the reprogramming ability of epigenetic factors in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yin
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhe Cha
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Luodan A
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Zui Tao
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Ueda K, Ikeda K. Cellular carcinogenesis in preleukemic conditions:drivers and defenses. Fukushima J Med Sci 2024; 70:11-24. [PMID: 37952978 PMCID: PMC10867434 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2023-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from preleukemic conditions. We have investigated the pathogenesis of typical preleukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and clonal hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells in both preleukemic conditions harbor recurrent driver mutations; additional mutation provokes further malignant transformation, leading to AML onset. Although genetic alterations are defined as the main cause of malignant transformation, non-genetic factors are also involved in disease progression. In this review, we focus on a non-histone chromatin protein, high mobility group AT-hook2 (HMGA2), and a physiological p53 inhibitor, murine double minute X (MDMX). HMGA2 is mainly overexpressed by dysregulation of microRNAs or mutations in polycomb components, and provokes expansion of preleukemic clones through stem cell signature disruption. MDMX is overexpressed by altered splicing balance in myeloid malignancies. MDMX induces leukemic transformation from preleukemia via suppression of p53 and p53-independent activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. We also discuss how these non-genetic factors can be targeted for leukemia prevention therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University
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5
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Kuwayama N, Kujirai T, Kishi Y, Hirano R, Echigoya K, Fang L, Watanabe S, Nakao M, Suzuki Y, Ishiguro KI, Kurumizaka H, Gotoh Y. HMGA2 directly mediates chromatin condensation in association with neuronal fate regulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6420. [PMID: 37828010 PMCID: PMC10570362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of factors that regulate chromatin condensation is important for understanding of gene regulation. High-mobility group AT-hook (HMGA) proteins 1 and 2 are abundant nonhistone chromatin proteins that play a role in many biological processes including tissue stem-progenitor cell regulation, but the nature of their protein function remains unclear. Here we show that HMGA2 mediates direct condensation of polynucleosomes and forms droplets with nucleosomes. Consistently, most endogenous HMGA2 localized to transposase 5- and DNase I-inaccessible chromatin regions, and its binding was mostly associated with gene repression, in mouse embryonic neocortical cells. The AT-hook 1 domain was necessary for chromatin condensation by HMGA2 in vitro and in cellulo, and an HMGA2 mutant lacking this domain was defective in the ability to maintain neuronal progenitors in vivo. Intrinsically disordered regions of other proteins could substitute for the AT-hook 1 domain in promoting this biological function of HMGA2. Taken together, HMGA2 may regulate neural cell fate by its chromatin condensation activity.
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Grants
- This research was supported by AMED-CREST and AMED-PRIME of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP22gm1310004, JP22gm6110021), SECOM Science and Technology Foundation SECOM Science and Technology Foundation (for Y.K.), Platform Project for Supporting Drug Discovery and Life Science Research from AMED JP21am0101076 and (for H.K.), Research Support Project for Life Science and Drug Discovery from AMED JP22ama121009 (for H.K.), Japan Science and Technology Agency ERATO JPMJER1901 (for H.K.) and by KAKENHI grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP21J14115 for N.K.; JP22K15033 for T.K.;16H06279, 20H03179, 21H00242 and 22H04687 for Y.K.; 20K07589 for S.W.; JP20H00449, JP18H05534 for H.K.; JP22H00431, JP16H06279 and JP22H04925 for Y.G.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kuwayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kishi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Rina Hirano
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kenta Echigoya
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Lingyan Fang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sugiko Watanabe
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Ishiguro
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Gotoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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6
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Sano T, Ueda K, Minakawa K, Mori T, Hashimoto Y, Koseki H, Takeishi Y, Ikeda K, Ikezoe T. Impaired Repopulating Ability of Uhrf2-/- Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Mice. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1531. [PMID: 37628583 PMCID: PMC10454722 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UHRF proteins catalyze the ubiquitination of target proteins and are involved in regulating gene expression. Some studies reported a reduced expression of UHRF2 in acute leukemia cells, but the role of UHRF2 in hematopoiesis remains unknown. Here, we generated Uhrf2-/- mice to clarify the role of UHRF2 deletion in hematopoiesis. Compared to Uhrf2+/+ mice, Uhrf2-/- mice showed no differences in complete blood counts, as well as bone marrow (BM) findings and spleen weights. Proportions of cells in progenitor fractions in BM were comparable between Uhrf2+/+ mice and Uhrf2-/- mice. However, in competitive repopulation assays with BM transplants (BMT), the proportions of Uhrf2-/- cells were decreased relative to Uhrf2+/+ cells in all lineages. After the second BMT, Uhrf2-/- neutrophils were few, while 20-30% of Uhrf2-/- T cells and B cells were still detected. RNA sequencing showed downregulation of some genes associated with stem-cell function in Uhrf2-/- hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Interestingly, trimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 was increased in Uhrf2-/- HSPCs in a cleavage under targets and tagmentation assay. While UHRF2 deletion did not cause hematologic malignancy or confer a growth advantage of HSPCs, our results suggest that UHRF2 may play a role in the regulation of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sano
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koki Ueda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiji Minakawa
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mori
- Department of Human Life Sciences; Fukushima Medical University School of Nursing, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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7
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Campbell T, Hawsawi O, Henderson V, Dike P, Hwang BJ, Liadi Y, White EZ, Zou J, Wang G, Zhang Q, Bowen N, Scott D, Hinton CV, Odero-Marah V. Novel roles for HMGA2 isoforms in regulating oxidative stress and sensitizing to RSL3-Induced ferroptosis in prostate cancer cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14810. [PMID: 37113783 PMCID: PMC10126861 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is increased in several cancers including prostate cancer, and is currently being exploited in cancer therapy to induce ferroptosis, a novel nonapoptotic form of cell death. High mobility group A2 (HMGA2), a non-histone protein up-regulated in several cancers, can be truncated due to chromosomal rearrangement or alternative splicing of HMGA2 gene. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of wild-type vs. truncated HMGA2 in prostate cancer (PCa). We analyzed the expression of wild-type vs. truncated HMGA2 and showed that prostate cancer patient tissue and some cell lines expressed increasing amounts of both wild-type and truncated HMGA2 with increasing tumor grade, compared to normal epithelial cells. RNA-Seq analysis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells stably overexpressing wild-type HMGA2 (HMGA2-WT), truncated HMGA2 (HMGA2-TR) or empty vector (Neo) control revealed that HMGA2-TR cells exhibited higher oxidative stress compared to HMGA2-WT or Neo control cells, which was also confirmed by analysis of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) dye, the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and NADP/NADPH using metabolomics. This was associated with increased sensitivity to RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3)-induced ferroptosis that could be antagonized by ferrostatin-1. Additionally, proteomic and immunoprecipitation analyses showed that cytoplasmic HMGA2 protein interacted with Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), a cytoplasmic stress granule protein that responds to oxidative stress, and that G3BP1 transient knockdown increased sensitivity to ferroptosis even further. Endogenous knockdown of HMGA2 or G3BP1 in PC3 cells reduced proliferation which was reversed by ferrostatin-1. In conclusion, we show a novel role for HMGA2 in oxidative stress, particularly the truncated HMGA2, which may be a therapeutic target for ferroptosis-mediated prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taaliah Campbell
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Ohuod Hawsawi
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Veronica Henderson
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Precious Dike
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Bor-Jang Hwang
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Yusuf Liadi
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - ElShaddai Z. White
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Jin Zou
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - GuangDi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Nathan Bowen
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Derrick Scott
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Cimona V. Hinton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- Corresponding author. Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
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8
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PANAGOPOULOS IOANNIS, HEIM SVERRE. Neoplasia-associated Chromosome Translocations Resulting in Gene Truncation. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:647-672. [PMID: 36316036 PMCID: PMC9620447 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations in cancer as well as benign neoplasias typically lead to the formation of fusion genes. Such genes may encode chimeric proteins when two protein-coding regions fuse in-frame, or they may result in deregulation of genes via promoter swapping or translocation of the gene into the vicinity of a highly active regulatory element. A less studied consequence of chromosomal translocations is the fusion of two breakpoint genes resulting in an out-of-frame chimera. The breaks then occur in one or both protein-coding regions forming a stop codon in the chimeric transcript shortly after the fusion point. Though the latter genetic events and mechanisms at first awoke little research interest, careful investigations have established them as neither rare nor inconsequential. In the present work, we review and discuss the truncation of genes in neoplastic cells resulting from chromosomal rearrangements, especially from seemingly balanced translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- IOANNIS PANAGOPOULOS
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - SVERRE HEIM
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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HMGA2 expression defines a subset of AML with immature transcriptional signature and vulnerability to G2/M inhibition. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4793-4806. [PMID: 35797243 PMCID: PMC9631656 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA2 expression associates with immature cells in normal and leukemic context. Poor prognosis HMGA2+ AMLs share a unique transcriptional signature and sensitivity to G2/M inhibitors.
High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a nonhistone chromatin-binding protein that is normally expressed in stem cells of various tissues and aberrantly detected in several tumor types. We recently observed that one-fourth of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) specimens express HMGA2, which associates with a very poor prognosis. We present results indicating that HMGA2+ AMLs share a distinct transcriptional signature representing an immature phenotype. Using single-cell analyses, we showed that HMGA2 is expressed in CD34+ subsets of stem cells and early progenitors, whether normal or derived from AML specimens. Of interest, we found that one of the strongest gene expression signatures associated with HMGA2 in AML is the upregulation of G2/M checkpoint genes. Whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 screening in HMGA2 overexpressing cells further revealed a synthetic lethal interaction with several G2/M checkpoint genes. Accordingly, small molecules that target G2/M proteins were preferentially active in vitro and in vivo on HMGA2+ AML specimens. Together, our findings suggest that HMGA2 is a key functional determinant in AML and is associated with stem cell features, G2/M status, and related drug sensitivity.
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10
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De Ravin SS, Liu S, Sweeney CL, Brault J, Whiting-Theobald N, Ma M, Liu T, Choi U, Lee J, O'Brien SA, Quackenbush P, Estwick T, Karra A, Docking E, Kwatemaa N, Guo S, Su L, Sun Z, Zhou S, Puck J, Cowan MJ, Notarangelo LD, Kang E, Malech HL, Wu X. Lentivector cryptic splicing mediates increase in CD34+ clones expressing truncated HMGA2 in human X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3710. [PMID: 35764638 PMCID: PMC9240040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) due to IL2RG mutations is potentially fatal in infancy where 'emergency' life-saving stem cell transplant may only achieve incomplete immune reconstitution following transplant. Salvage therapy SCID-X1 patients over 2 years old (NCT01306019) is a non-randomized, open-label, phase I/II clinical trial for administration of lentiviral-transduced autologous hematopoietic stem cells following busulfan (6 mg/kg total) conditioning. The primary and secondary objectives assess efficacy in restoring immunity and safety by vector insertion site analysis (VISA). In this ongoing study (19 patients treated), we report VISA in blood lineages from first eight treated patients with longer follow up found a > 60-fold increase in frequency of forward-orientated VIS within intron 3 of the High Mobility Group AT-hook 2 gene. All eight patients demonstrated emergence of dominant HMGA2 VIS clones in progenitor and myeloid lineages, but without disturbance of hematopoiesis. Our molecular analysis demonstrated a cryptic splice site within the chicken β-globin hypersensitivity 4 insulator element in the vector generating truncated mRNA transcripts from many transcriptionally active gene containing forward-oriented intronic vector insert. A two base-pair change at the splice site within the lentiviral vector eliminated splicing activity while retaining vector functional capability. This highlights the importance of functional analysis of lentivectors for cryptic splicing for preclinical safety assessment and a redesign of clinical vectors to improve safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk See De Ravin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Colin L Sweeney
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julie Brault
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Narda Whiting-Theobald
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michelle Ma
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Taylor Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Uimook Choi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Janet Lee
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sandra Anaya O'Brien
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Priscilla Quackenbush
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tyra Estwick
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anita Karra
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ethan Docking
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nana Kwatemaa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shuang Guo
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ling Su
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Zhonghe Sun
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Experimental Cell Therapeutics Lab, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer Puck
- Division of Allergy Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Morton J Cowan
- Division of Allergy Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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11
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Cabriolu A, Odak A, Zamparo L, Yuan H, Leslie CS, Sadelain M. Globin vector regulatory elements are active in early hematopoietic progenitor cells. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2199-2209. [PMID: 35247584 PMCID: PMC9171148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The globin genes are archetypal tissue-specific genes that are silent in most tissues but for late-stage erythroblasts upon terminal erythroid differentiation. The transcriptional activation of the β-globin gene is under the control of proximal and distal regulatory elements located on chromosome 11p15.4, including the β-globin locus control region (LCR). The incorporation of selected LCR elements in lentiviral vectors encoding β and β-like globin genes has enabled successful genetic treatment of the β-thalassemias and sickle cell disease. However, recent occurrences of benign clonal expansions in thalassemic patients and myelodysplastic syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease call attention to the non-erythroid functions of these powerful vectors. Here we demonstrate that lentivirally encoded LCR elements, in particular HS1 and HS2, can be activated in early hematopoietic cells including hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors. This activity is position-dependent and results in the transcriptional activation of a nearby reporter gene in these progenitor cell populations. We further show that flanking a globin vector with an insulator can effectively restrain this non-erythroid activity without impairing therapeutic globin expression. Globin lentiviral vectors harboring powerful LCR HS elements may thus expose to the risk of trans-activating cancer-related genes, which can be mitigated by a suitable insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Cabriolu
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1250 1st Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ashlesha Odak
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1250 1st Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lee Zamparo
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1250 1st Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Han Yuan
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1250 1st Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1250 1st Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1250 1st Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
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12
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Li L, Kim JH, Lu W, Williams DM, Kim J, Cope L, Rampal RK, Koche RP, Xian L, Luo LZ, Vasiljevic M, Matson DR, Zhao ZJ, Rogers O, Stubbs MC, Reddy K, Romero AR, Psaila B, Spivak JL, Moliterno AR, Resar LMS. HMGA1 chromatin regulators induce transcriptional networks involved in GATA2 and proliferation during MPN progression. Blood 2022; 139:2797-2815. [PMID: 35286385 PMCID: PMC9074401 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) transform to myelofibrosis (MF) and highly lethal acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although the actionable mechanisms driving progression remain elusive. Here, we elucidate the role of the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) chromatin regulator as a novel driver of MPN progression. HMGA1 is upregulated in MPN, with highest levels after transformation to MF or AML. To define HMGA1 function, we disrupted gene expression via CRISPR/Cas9, short hairpin RNA, or genetic deletion in MPN models. HMGA1 depletion in JAK2V617F AML cell lines disrupts proliferation, clonogenicity, and leukemic engraftment. Surprisingly, loss of just a single Hmga1 allele prevents progression to MF in JAK2V617F mice, decreasing erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, megakaryocyte hyperplasia, and expansion of stem and progenitors, while preventing splenomegaly and fibrosis within the spleen and BM. RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed HMGA1 transcriptional networks and chromatin occupancy at genes that govern proliferation (E2F, G2M, mitotic spindle) and cell fate, including the GATA2 master regulatory gene. Silencing GATA2 recapitulates most phenotypes observed with HMGA1 depletion, whereas GATA2 re-expression partially rescues leukemogenesis. HMGA1 transactivates GATA2 through sequences near the developmental enhancer (+9.5), increasing chromatin accessibility and recruiting active histone marks. Further, HMGA1 transcriptional networks, including proliferation pathways and GATA2, are activated in human MF and MPN leukemic transformation. Importantly, HMGA1 depletion enhances responses to the JAK2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, preventing MF and prolonging survival in murine models of JAK2V617F AML. These findings illuminate HMGA1 as a key epigenetic switch involved in MPN transformation and a promising therapeutic target to treat or prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Wenyan Lu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Joseph Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Leslie Cope
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Raajit K Rampal
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, NY
| | - Richard P Koche
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, NY
| | | | - Li Z Luo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Daniel R Matson
- Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | | | - Karen Reddy
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Antonio-Rodriguez Romero
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; and
| | - Bethan Psaila
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; and
| | - Jerry L Spivak
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Linda M S Resar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program and
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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13
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The acidic domain of Hmga2 and the domain’s linker region are critical for driving self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cell. Int J Hematol 2022; 115:553-562. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Boulad F, Maggio A, Wang X, Moi P, Acuto S, Kogel F, Takpradit C, Prockop S, Mansilla-Soto J, Cabriolu A, Odak A, Qu J, Thummar K, Du F, Shen L, Raso S, Barone R, Di Maggio R, Pitrolo L, Giambona A, Mingoia M, Everett JK, Hokama P, Roche AM, Cantu VA, Adhikari H, Reddy S, Bouhassira E, Mohandas N, Bushman FD, Rivière I, Sadelain M. Lentiviral globin gene therapy with reduced-intensity conditioning in adults with β-thalassemia: a phase 1 trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:63-70. [PMID: 34980909 PMCID: PMC9380046 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β-Thalassemias are inherited anemias that are caused by the absent or insufficient production of the β chain of hemoglobin. Here we report 6-8-year follow-up of four adult patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia who were infused with autologous CD34+ cells transduced with the TNS9.3.55 lentiviral globin vector after reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) in a phase 1 clinical trial ( NCT01639690) . Patients were monitored for insertional mutagenesis and the generation of a replication-competent lentivirus (safety and tolerability of the infusion product after RIC-primary endpoint) and engraftment of genetically modified autologous CD34+ cells, expression of the transduced β-globin gene and post-transplant transfusion requirements (efficacy-secondary endpoint). No unexpected safety issues occurred during conditioning and cell product infusion. Hematopoietic gene marking was very stable but low, reducing transfusion requirements in two patients, albeit not achieving transfusion independence. Our findings suggest that non-myeloablative conditioning can achieve durable stem cell engraftment but underscore a minimum CD34+ cell transduction requirement for effective therapy. Moderate clonal expansions were associated with integrations near cancer-related genes, suggestive of non-erythroid activity of globin vectors in stem/progenitor cells. These correlative findings highlight the necessity of cautiously monitoring patients harboring globin vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Boulad
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- Department of Hematology and Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Xiuyan Wang
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Moi
- Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemie 'A.Cao', A.O. 'G.Brotzu', Cagliari, Italy
| | - Santina Acuto
- Department of Hematology and Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Friederike Kogel
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chayamon Takpradit
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susan Prockop
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Mansilla-Soto
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annalisa Cabriolu
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashlesha Odak
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinrong Qu
- Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keyur Thummar
- Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fang Du
- Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingbo Shen
- Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simona Raso
- Department of Hematology and Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Department of Hematology and Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Di Maggio
- Department of Hematology and Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorella Pitrolo
- Department of Hematology and Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giambona
- Department of Hematology and Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maura Mingoia
- Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemie 'A.Cao', A.O. 'G.Brotzu', Cagliari, Italy
| | - John K Everett
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pascha Hokama
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aoife M Roche
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vito Adrian Cantu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hriju Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shantan Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Bouhassira
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Laboratory of Red Cell Physiology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabelle Rivière
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Bonner MA, Morales-Hernández A, Zhou S, Ma Z, Condori J, Wang YD, Fatima S, Palmer LE, Janke LJ, Fowler S, Sorrentino BP, McKinney-Freeman S. 3' UTR-truncated HMGA2 overexpression induces non-malignant in vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in non-human primates. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 21:693-701. [PMID: 34141824 PMCID: PMC8181581 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vector-mediated mutagenesis remains a major safety concern for many gene therapy clinical protocols. Indeed, lentiviral-based gene therapy treatments of hematologic disease can result in oligoclonal blood reconstitution in the transduced cell graft. Specifically, clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) highly expressing HMGA2, a chromatin architectural factor found in many human cancers, is reported in patients undergoing gene therapy for hematologic diseases, raising concerns about the safety of these integrations. Here, we show for the first time in vivo multilineage and multiclonal expansion of non-human primate HSCs expressing a 3' UTR-truncated version of HMGA2 without evidence of any hematologic malignancy >7 years post-transplantation, which is significantly longer than most non-human gene therapy pre-clinical studies. This expansion is accompanied by an increase in HSC survival, cell cycle activation of downstream progenitors, and changes in gene expression led by the upregulation of IGF2BP2, a mRNA binding regulator of survival and proliferation. Thus, we conclude that prolonged ectopic expression of HMGA2 in hematopoietic progenitors is not sufficient to drive hematologic malignancy and is not an acute safety concern in lentiviral-based gene therapy clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Bonner
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Sheng Zhou
- Experimental Cell Therapeutics Lab, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jose Condori
- Experimental Cell Therapeutics Lab, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Soghra Fatima
- Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lance E. Palmer
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura J. Janke
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephanie Fowler
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brian P. Sorrentino
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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16
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Minervini A, Coccaro N, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Specchia G, Albano F. HMGA Proteins in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1456. [PMID: 32503270 PMCID: PMC7353061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group AT-Hook (HMGA) proteins are a family of nonhistone chromatin remodeling proteins known as "architectural transcriptional factors". By binding the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences, they interact with the transcription apparatus, altering the chromatin modeling and regulating gene expression by either enhancing or suppressing the binding of the more usual transcriptional activators and repressors, although they do not themselves have any transcriptional activity. Their involvement in both benign and malignant neoplasias is well-known and supported by a large volume of studies. In this review, we focus on the role of the HMGA proteins in hematological malignancies, exploring the mechanisms through which they enhance neoplastic transformation and how this knowledge could be exploited to devise tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (N.C.); (L.A.); (A.Z.); (G.S.)
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17
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HMGA2 promotes long-term engraftment and myeloerythroid differentiation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood Adv 2020; 3:681-691. [PMID: 30808686 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018023986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of determinants of fate choices in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is essential to improve the clinical use of HSCs and to enhance our understanding of the biology of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we show that high-mobility group AT hook 2 (HMGA2), a nonhistone chromosomal-binding protein, is highly and preferentially expressed in HSCs and in the most immature progenitor cell subset of fetal, neonatal, and adult human hematopoiesis. Knockdown of HMGA2 by short hairpin RNA impaired the long-term hematopoietic reconstitution of cord blood (CB)-derived CB CD34+ cells. Conversely, overexpression of HMGA2 in CB CD34+ cells led to overall enhanced reconstitution in serial transplantation assays accompanied by a skewing toward the myeloerythroid lineages. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that enforced HMGA2 expression in CD34+ cells induced gene-expression signatures associated with differentiation toward megakaryocyte-erythroid and myeloid lineages, as well as signatures associated with growth and survival, which at the protein level were coupled with strong activation of AKT. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a key role of HMGA2 in regulation of both proliferation and differentiation of human HSPCs.
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18
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HMGA Genes and Proteins in Development and Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020654. [PMID: 31963852 PMCID: PMC7013770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA (high mobility group A) (HMGA1 and HMGA2) are small non-histone proteins that can bind DNA and modify chromatin state, thus modulating the accessibility of regulatory factors to the DNA and contributing to the overall panorama of gene expression tuning. In general, they are abundantly expressed during embryogenesis, but are downregulated in the adult differentiated tissues. In the present review, we summarize some aspects of their role during development, also dealing with relevant studies that have shed light on their functioning in cell biology and with emerging possible involvement of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in evolutionary biology.
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Parisi S, Piscitelli S, Passaro F, Russo T. HMGA Proteins in Stemness and Differentiation of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E362. [PMID: 31935816 PMCID: PMC6981681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA1 and HMGA2 are chromatin architectural proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, but are able to modify chromatin structure by interacting with the transcriptional machinery and thus negatively or positively regulate the transcription of several genes. They have been extensively studied in cancer where they are often found to be overexpressed but their functions under physiologic conditions have still not been completely addressed. Hmga1 and Hmga2 are expressed during the early stages of mouse development, whereas they are not detectable in most adult tissues. Hmga overexpression or knockout studies in mouse have pointed to a key function in the development of the embryo and of various tissues. HMGA proteins are expressed in embryonic stem cells and in some adult stem cells and numerous experimental data have indicated that they play a fundamental role in the maintenance of stemness and in the regulation of differentiation. In this review, we discuss available experimental data on HMGA1 and HMGA2 functions in governing embryonic and adult stem cell fate. Moreover, based on the available evidence, we will aim to outline how HMGA expression is regulated in different contexts and how these two proteins contribute to the regulation of gene expression and chromatin architecture in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.P.); (T.R.)
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Lobry C, Bains A, Zamechek LB, Ibrahim S, Aifantis I, Araten DJ. Analysis of TET2 mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Exp Hematol Oncol 2019; 8:17. [PMID: 31453016 PMCID: PMC6702710 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-019-0142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large clonal populations of cells bearing PIG-A mutations are the sine qua non of PNH, but the PIG-A mutation itself is insufficient for clonal expansion. The association between PNH and aplastic anemia supports the immune escape model, but not all PNH patients demonstrate a history of aplasia; therefore, second genetic hits driving clonal expansion have been postulated. Based on the previous identification of JAK2 mutations in patients with a myeloproliferative/PNH overlap syndrome, we considered TET2 as a candidate gene in which mutations might be contributing to clonal expansion. Methods Here we sequenced the TET2 and JAK2 genes in 19 patients with large PNH clones. Results We found one patient with a novel somatic nonsense mutation in TET2 in multiple hematopoietic lineages, which was detectable upon repeat testing. This patient has had severe thromboses and has relatively higher peripheral blood counts compared with the other patients—but does not have other features of a myeloproliferative neoplasm. Conclusions We conclude that mutations in TET2 may contribute to clonal expansion in exceptional cases of PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lobry
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ashish Bains
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Leah B Zamechek
- 3Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 901, New York City, USA
| | - Sherif Ibrahim
- Cairo Diagnostics, 244 Westchester Avenue, West Harrison, NY 10604 USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- 5Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - David J Araten
- 6Division of Hematology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health and the NYU School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA.,7Division of Hematology, New York VA Medical Center, 423 East 23rd Street, New York, NY 10010 USA
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21
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Cesana M, Guo MH, Cacchiarelli D, Wahlster L, Barragan J, Doulatov S, Vo LT, Salvatori B, Trapnell C, Clement K, Cahan P, Tsanov KM, Sousa PM, Tazon-Vega B, Bolondi A, Giorgi FM, Califano A, Rinn JL, Meissner A, Hirschhorn JN, Daley GQ. A CLK3-HMGA2 Alternative Splicing Axis Impacts Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Molecular Identity throughout Development. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:575-588.e7. [PMID: 29625070 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While gene expression dynamics have been extensively cataloged during hematopoietic differentiation in the adult, less is known about transcriptome diversity of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during development. To characterize transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes in HSCs during development, we leveraged high-throughput genomic approaches to profile miRNAs, lincRNAs, and mRNAs. Our findings indicate that HSCs manifest distinct alternative splicing patterns in key hematopoietic regulators. Detailed analysis of the splicing dynamics and function of one such regulator, HMGA2, identified an alternative isoform that escapes miRNA-mediated targeting. We further identified the splicing kinase CLK3 that, by regulating HMGA2 splicing, preserves HMGA2 function in the setting of an increase in let-7 miRNA levels, delineating how CLK3 and HMGA2 form a functional axis that influences HSC properties during development. Collectively, our study highlights molecular mechanisms by which alternative splicing and miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation impact the molecular identity and stage-specific developmental features of human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Cesana
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael H Guo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lara Wahlster
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jessica Barragan
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Beatrice Salvatori
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Kendell Clement
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kaloyan M Tsanov
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Patricia M Sousa
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Barbara Tazon-Vega
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Adriano Bolondi
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John L Rinn
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; University of Colorado Boulder Biofrontiers, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) promotes EMT via MAPK pathway in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:196-202. [PMID: 30177390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that High mobility group A2 (HMGA2), a non-histone protein, can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Interestingly, full-length or wild-type HMGA2 and truncated (lacking the 3'UTR) HMGA2 isoforms are overexpressed in several cancers. However, there are no studies investigating the expression and differential roles of WT vs truncated HMGA2 isoforms in prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of prostate tissue microarray revealed low membrane expression in normal epithelial prostate cells, and that expression increased with tumor grade as well as a switch from predominantly cytoplasmic HMGA2 in lower tumor grades, to mostly nuclear in high grade and bone metastatic tissue. LNCaP cells stably overexpressing wild-type HMGA2 displayed nuclear localization of HMGA2 and induction of EMT associated with increased Snail, Twist and vimentin expression compared to LNCaP Neo control cells, as shown by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. This was associated with increased cell migration on collagen shown using boyden chamber assay. Conversely, LNCaP cells overexpressing truncated HMGA2 showed cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression that did not induce EMT yet displayed increased cell proliferation and migration compared to LNCaP Neo. Both wild-type and truncated HMGA2 increased levels of phospho-ERK, and interestingly, treatment with U0126, MAPK inhibitor, antagonized wild-type HMGA2-mediated EMT and cell migration, but did not affect truncated HMGA2-mediated cell proliferation or migration. Therefore, although both wild-type and truncated HMGA2 may promote prostate tumor progression, wild-type HMGA2 acts by inducing EMT via MAPK pathway.
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MicroRNA 33 Regulates the Population of Peripheral Inflammatory Ly6C high Monocytes through Dual Pathways. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00604-17. [PMID: 29712758 PMCID: PMC6024165 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00604-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA 33 (miR-33) targets ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and its deficiency increases serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C) and ameliorates atherosclerosis. Although we previously reported that miR-33 deficiency increased peripheral Ly6Chigh monocytes on an ApoE-deficient background, the effect of miR-33 on the monocyte population has not been fully elucidated, especially in a wild-type (WT) background. We found that Ly6Chigh monocytes in miR-33−/− mice were decreased in peripheral blood and increased in bone marrow (BM). Expansion of myeloid progenitors and decreased apoptosis in Lin− Sca1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) cells were observed in miR-33−/− mice. A BM transplantation study and competitive repopulation assay revealed that hematopoietic miR-33 deficiency caused myeloid expansion and increased peripheral Ly6Chigh monocytes and that nonhematopoietic miR-33 deficiency caused reduced peripheral Ly6Chigh monocytes. Expression of high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) targeted by miR-33 increased in miR-33-deficient LSK cells, and its knockdown abolished the reduction of apoptosis. Transduction of human apolipoprotein A1 and ABCA1 in WT mouse liver increased HDL-C and reduced peripheral Ly6Chigh monocytes. These data indicate that miR-33 deficiency affects distribution of inflammatory monocytes through dual pathways. One pathway involves the enhancement of Hmga2 expression in hematopoietic stem cells to increase Ly6Chigh monocytes, and the other involves the elevation of HDL-C to decrease peripheral Ly6Chigh monocytes.
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Sii-Felice K, Giorgi M, Leboulch P, Payen E. Hemoglobin disorders: lentiviral gene therapy in the starting blocks to enter clinical practice. Exp Hematol 2018; 64:12-32. [PMID: 29807062 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The β-hemoglobinopathies, transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease, are the most prevalent inherited disorders worldwide and affect millions of people. Many of these patients have a shortened life expectancy and suffer from severe morbidity despite supportive therapies, which impose an enormous financial burden to societies. The only available curative therapy is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, although most patients do not have an HLA-matched sibling donor, and those who do still risk life-threatening complications. Therefore, gene therapy by one-time ex vivo modification of hematopoietic stem cells followed by autologous engraftment is an attractive new therapeutic modality. The first proof-of-principle of conversion to transfusion independence by means of a lentiviral vector expressing a marked and anti-sickling βT87Q-globin gene variant was reported a decade ago in a patient with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. In follow-up multicenter Phase II trials with an essentially identical vector (termed LentiGlobin BB305) and protocol, 12 of the 13 patients with a non-β0/β0 genotype, representing more than half of all transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia cases worldwide, stopped red blood cell transfusions with total hemoglobin levels in blood approaching normal values. Correction of biological markers of dyserythropoiesis was achieved in evaluated patients. In nine patients with β0/β0 transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia or equivalent severity (βIVS1-110), median annualized transfusion volume decreased by 73% and red blood cell transfusions were stopped in three patients. Proof-of-principle of therapeutic efficacy in the first patient with sickle cell disease was also reported with LentiGlobin BB305. Encouraging results were presented in children with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia in another trial with the GLOBE lentiviral vector and several other gene therapy trials are currently open for both transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Phase III trials are now under way and should help to determine benefit/risk/cost ratios to move gene therapy toward clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sii-Felice
- UMR E007, Service of Innovative Therapies, Institute of Biology François Jacob and University Paris Saclay, CEA Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie Giorgi
- UMR E007, Service of Innovative Therapies, Institute of Biology François Jacob and University Paris Saclay, CEA Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Leboulch
- UMR E007, Service of Innovative Therapies, Institute of Biology François Jacob and University Paris Saclay, CEA Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emmanuel Payen
- UMR E007, Service of Innovative Therapies, Institute of Biology François Jacob and University Paris Saclay, CEA Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, Paris, France.
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25
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Zhu X, Li W, Meng Q. LncRNA H19 promotes proliferation and invasion in A375 human melanoma cell line. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1063-1073. [PMID: 31938202 PMCID: PMC6958159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of H19 gene on the proliferation and invasion of A375 human melanoma cells. METHODS A375 cells were infected with a lentiviral vector overexpressing H19 or transfected with H19 RNA interference constructs. The proliferation and invasion of A375/H19+ cells were measured by MTT cell viability and transwell assays, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively, and the protein expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Slug and E-cadherin were examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The optical density value of A375/H19+ cells increased after incubation with MTT reagent for 12 h (P < 0.05), and the transwell assay showed that the average penetration rate of A375/H19+ cells significantly increased (P < 0.001). The expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly increased in A375/H19+ cells, as determined by qPCR and Western blotting (P < 0.001). Moreover, A375/H19+ cells had upregulated levels of Slug and p-Akt and downregulated E-cadherin (P < 0.001). The weight and volume of A375/H19+ cell xenografts in nude mice were significantly increased, but its inhibition rate was smaller (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that H19 overexpression promoted the proliferation, invasion, and growth of A375 cells. In addition, it upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9, which in turn promoted cell invasion. Furthermore, H19 appeared to enhance Akt phosphorylation, directly suppress E-cadherin, and upregulate Slug expression to promote A375 cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of HarbinHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of HarbinHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qinggang Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of HarbinHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Hmga2 promotes the development of myelofibrosis in Jak2 V617F knockin mice by enhancing TGF-β1 and Cxcl12 pathways. Blood 2017. [PMID: 28637665 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-757344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a devastating blood disorder. The JAK2V617F mutation has been detected in ∼50% cases of MF. Elevated expression of high-mobility group AT hook 2 (HMGA2) has also been frequently observed in patients with MF. Interestingly, upregulation of HMGA2 expression has been found in association with the JAK2V617F mutation in significant cases of MF. However, the contribution of HMGA2 in the pathogenesis of MF remains elusive. To determine the effects of concurrent expression of HMGA2 and JAK2V617F mutation in hematopoiesis, we transduced bone marrow cells from Jak2V617F knockin mice with lentivirus expressing Hmga2 and performed bone marrow transplantation. Expression of Hmga2 enhanced megakaryopoiesis, increased extramedullary hematopoiesis, and accelerated the development of MF in mice expressing Jak2V617F Mechanistically, the data show that expression of Hmga2 enhances the activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Cxcl12 pathways in mice expressing Jak2V617F In addition, expression of Hmga2 causes upregulation of Fzd2, Ifi27l2a, and TGF-β receptor 2. Forced expression of Cxcl12, Fzd2, or Ifi27l2a increases megakaryocytic differentiation and proliferation in the bone marrow of Jak2V617F mice, whereas TGF-β1 or Cxcl12 stimulation induces collagen deposition in the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that expression of Hmga2 cooperates with Jak2V617F in the pathogenesis of MF.
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Hmga2 collaborates with JAK2V617F in the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1001-1015. [PMID: 29296743 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is crucial for the self-renewal of fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but is downregulated in adult HSCs via repression by MIRlet-7 and the polycomb-recessive complex 2 (PRC2) including EZH2. The HMGA2 messenger RNA (mRNA) level is often elevated in patients with myelofibrosis that exhibits an advanced myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) subtype, and deletion of Ezh2 promotes the progression of severe myelofibrosis in JAK2V617F mice with upregulation of several oncogenes such as Hmga2. However, the direct role of HMGA2 in the pathogenesis of MPNs remains unknown. To clarify the impact of HMGA2 on MPNs carrying the driver mutation, we generated ΔHmga2/JAK2V617F mice overexpressing Hmga2 due to deletion of the 3' untranslated region. Compared with JAK2V617F mice, ΔHmga2/JAK2V617F mice exhibited more severe leukocytosis, anemia and splenomegaly, and shortened survival, whereas severity of myelofibrosis was comparable. ΔHmga2/JAK2V617F cells showed a greater repopulating ability that reproduced the severe MPN compared with JAK2V617F cells in serial bone marrow transplants, indicating that Hmga2 promotes MPN progression at the HSC level. Hmga2 also enhanced apoptosis of JAK2V617F erythroblasts that may worsen anemia. Relative to JAK2V617F hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), over 30% of genes upregulated in ΔHmga2/JAK2V617F HSPCs overlapped with those derepressed by Ezh2 loss in JAK2V617F/Ezh2Δ/Δ HSPCs, suggesting that Hmga2 may facilitate upregulation of Ezh2 targets. Correspondingly, deletion of Hmga2 ameliorated anemia and splenomegaly in JAK2V617F/Ezh2Δ/wild-type mice, and MIRlet-7 suppression and PRC2 mutations correlated with the elevated HMGA2 mRNA levels in patients with MPNs, especially myelofibrosis. These findings suggest the crucial role of HMGA2 in MPN progression.
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Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disease that presents with haemolytic anaemia, thrombosis and smooth muscle dystonias, as well as bone marrow failure in some cases. PNH is caused by somatic mutations in PIGA (which encodes phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A) in one or more HSC clones. The gene product of PIGA is required for the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; thus, PIGA mutations lead to a deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins, such as complement decay-accelerating factor (also known as CD55) and CD59 glycoprotein (CD59), which are both complement inhibitors. Clinical manifestations of PNH occur when a HSC clone carrying somatic PIGA mutations acquires a growth advantage and differentiates, generating mature blood cells that are deficient of GPI-anchored proteins. The loss of CD55 and CD59 renders PNH erythrocytes susceptible to intravascular haemolysis, which can lead to thrombosis and to much of the morbidity and mortality of PNH. The accumulation of anaphylatoxins (such as C5a) from complement activation might also have a role. The natural history of PNH is highly variable, ranging from quiescent to life-threatening. Therapeutic strategies include terminal complement blockade and bone marrow transplantation. Eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody complement inhibitor, is highly effective and the only licensed therapy for PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Hill
- Department of Haematology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Amy E DeZern
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross Research Building, Room 1025, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunoregulation Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Robert A Brodsky
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross Research Building, Room 1025, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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29
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Chen CC, You JY, Lung J, Huang CE, Chen YY, Leu YW, Ho HY, Li CP, Lu CH, Lee KD, Hsu CC, Gau JP. Aberrant let7a/HMGA2 signaling activity with unique clinical phenotype in JAK2-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms. Haematologica 2017; 102:509-518. [PMID: 28057739 PMCID: PMC5394969 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.154385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is an architectural transcription factor that is negatively regulated by let-7 microRNA through binding to it’s 3′-untranslated region. Transgenic mice expressing Hmga2 with a truncation of its 3′-untranslated region has been shown to exhibit a myeloproliferative phenotype. To decipher the let-7-HMGA2 axis in myeloproliferative neoplasms, we employed an in vitro model supplemented with clinical correlation. Ba/F3 cells with inducible JAK2V617F expression (Ton.JAK2.V617F cells) showed upregulation of HMGA2 with concurrent let-7a repression. Ton.JAK2.V617F cells treated with a let-7a inhibitor exhibited further escalation of Hmga2 expression, while a let-7a mimic diminished the Hmga2 transcript level. Hmga2 overexpression conferred JAK2-mutated cells with a survival advantage through inhibited apoptosis. A pan-JAK inhibitor, INC424, increased the expression of let-7a, downregulated the level of Hmga2, and led to increased apoptosis in Ton.JAK2.V617F cells in a dose-dependent manner. In samples from 151 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, there was a modest inverse correlation between the expression levels of let-7a and HMGA2. Overexpression of HMGA2 was detected in 29 (19.2%) of the cases, and it was more commonly seen in patients with essential thrombocythemia than in those with polycythemia vera (26.9% vs. 12.7%, P=0.044). Patients with upregulated HMGA2 showed an increased propensity for developing major thrombotic events, and they were more likely to harbor one of the 3 driver myeloproliferative neoplasm mutations in JAK2, MPL and CALR. Our findings suggest that, in a subset of myeloproliferative neoplasm patients, the let-7-HMGA2 axis plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of the disease that leads to unique clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yu You
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jrhau Lung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cih-En Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Leu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ying Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Pei Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsien Lu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Pyng Gau
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan .,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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Ikeda K, Ueda K, Sano T, Ogawa K, Ikezoe T, Hashimoto Y, Morishita S, Komatsu N, Ohto H, Takeishi Y. The Amelioration of Myelofibrosis with Thrombocytopenia by a JAK1/2 Inhibitor, Ruxolitinib, in a Post-polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis Patient with a JAK2 Exon 12 Mutation. Intern Med 2017; 56:1705-1710. [PMID: 28674362 PMCID: PMC5519475 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Less than 5% of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) show JAK2 exon 12 mutations. Although PV patients with JAK2 exon 12 mutations are known to develop post-PV myelofibrosis (MF) as well as PV with JAK2V617F, the role of JAK inhibitors in post-PV MF patients with JAK2 exon 12 mutations remains unknown. We describe how treatment with a JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, led to the rapid amelioration of marrow fibrosis, erythrocytosis and thrombocytopenia in a 77-year-old man with post-PV MF who carried a JAK2 exon 12 mutation (JAK2H538QK539L). This case suggests that ruxolitinib is a treatment option for post-PV MF in patients with thrombocytopenia or JAK2 exon 12 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
- Department of Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Koki Ueda
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sano
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuei Ogawa
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Soji Morishita
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Department of Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
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Dong AC, Rivella S. Gene Addition Strategies for β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1013:155-176. [PMID: 29127680 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7299-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are two of the most common diseases related to the hemoglobin protein. In these diseases, the beta-globin gene is mutated, causing severe anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Patients can additionally present with a number of life-threatening co-morbidities, such as stroke or spontaneous fractures. Current treatment involves transfusion and iron chelation; allogeneic bone marrow transplant is the only curative option, but is limited by the availability of matching donors and graft-versus-host disease. As these two diseases are monogenic diseases, they make an attractive setting for gene therapy. Gene therapy aims to correct the mutated beta-globin gene or add back a functional copy of beta- or gamma-globin. Initial gene therapy work was done with oncoretroviral vectors, but has since shifted to lentiviral vectors. Currently, there are a few clinical trials underway to test the curative potential of some of these lentiviral vectors. This review will highlight the work done thus far, and present the challenges still facing gene therapy, such as genome toxicity concerns and achieving sufficient transgene expression to cure those with the most severe forms of thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa C Dong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 515 E. 71st St., Room S-709, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 515 E. 71st St., S702, Box 284, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Yu Y, Liao L, Shao B, Su X, Shuai Y, Wang H, Shang F, Zhou Z, Yang D, Jin Y. Knockdown of MicroRNA Let-7a Improves the Functionality of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2016; 25:480-493. [PMID: 28153095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently used in clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases. Practical strategies improving the immunosuppressive property of MSCs are urgently needed for MSC immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to develop a microRNA-based strategy to improve MSC immunotherapy. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that let-7a targeted the 3' UTR of mRNA of Fas and FasL, both of which are essential for MSCs to induce T cell apoptosis. Knockdown of let-7a by specific inhibitor doubled Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) protein levels in MSCs. Because Fas attracts T cell migration and FasL induces T cell apoptosis, knockdown of let-7a significantly promoted MSC-induced T cell migration and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, MSCs knocked down of let-7a were more efficient to reduce the mortality, prevent the weight loss, suppress the inflammation reaction, and alleviate the tissue lesion of experimental colitis and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mouse models. In conclusion, knockdown of let-7a significantly improved the therapeutic effect of MSC cytotherapy on inflammatory bowel diseases and GVHD. With high safety and convenience, knockdown of let-7a is a potential strategy to improve MSC therapy for inflammatory diseases in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bingyi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yi Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Fengqing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhifei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Tibetan Military Region, Lasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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de Vasconcellos JF, Lee YT, Byrnes C, Tumburu L, Rabel A, Miller JL. HMGA2 Moderately Increases Fetal Hemoglobin Expression in Human Adult Erythroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166928. [PMID: 27861570 PMCID: PMC5115839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has therapeutic importance for patients with beta-hemoglobin disorders. Previous studies showed that let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly regulated in erythroid cells during the fetal-to-adult developmental transition, and that targeting let-7 mediated the up-regulation of HbF to greater than 30% of the total globin levels in human adult cultured erythroblasts. HMGA2 is a member of the high-mobility group A family of proteins and a validated target of the let-7 family of miRNAs. Here we investigate whether expression of HMGA2 directly regulates fetal hemoglobin in adult erythroblasts. Let-7 resistant HMGA2 expression was studied after lentiviral transduction of CD34(+) cells. The transgene was regulated by the erythroid-specific gene promoter region of the human SPTA1 gene (HMGA2-OE). HMGA2-OE caused significant increases in gamma-globin mRNA expression and HbF to around 16% of the total hemoglobin levels compared to matched control transductions. Interestingly, no significant changes in KLF1, SOX6, GATA1, ZBTB7A and BCL11A mRNA levels were observed. Overall, our data suggest that expression of HMGA2, a downstream target of let-7 miRNAs, causes moderately increased gamma-globin gene and protein expression in adult human erythroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaira F. de Vasconcellos
- Molecular Genomics and Therapeutics Section, Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Y. Terry Lee
- Molecular Genomics and Therapeutics Section, Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Colleen Byrnes
- Molecular Genomics and Therapeutics Section, Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laxminath Tumburu
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Antoinette Rabel
- Molecular Genomics and Therapeutics Section, Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffery L. Miller
- Molecular Genomics and Therapeutics Section, Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Loeschke S, Ohlmann AK, Bräsen JH, Holst R, Warnke PH. Prognostic value of HMGA2, P16, and HPV in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1422-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Rowe RG, Wang LD, Coma S, Han A, Mathieu R, Pearson DS, Ross S, Sousa P, Nguyen PT, Rodriguez A, Wagers AJ, Daley GQ. Developmental regulation of myeloerythroid progenitor function by the Lin28b-let-7-Hmga2 axis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1497-512. [PMID: 27401346 PMCID: PMC4986532 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Daley and collaborators show that endogenous Lin28b drives erythroid-dominant fetal hematopoiesis and that decreases in Lin28b activate adult granulocyte-predominant hematopoiesis. For appropriate development, tissue and organ system morphogenesis and maturation must occur in synchrony with the overall developmental requirements of the host. Mistiming of such developmental events often results in disease. The hematopoietic system matures from the fetal state, characterized by robust erythrocytic output that supports prenatal growth in the hypoxic intrauterine environment, to the postnatal state wherein granulocytes predominate to provide innate immunity. Regulation of the developmental timing of these myeloerythroid states is not well understood. In this study, we find that expression of the heterochronic factor Lin28b decreases in common myeloid progenitors during hematopoietic maturation to adulthood in mice. This decrease in Lin28b coincides with accumulation of mature let-7 microRNAs, whose biogenesis is regulated by Lin28 proteins. We find that inhibition of let-7 in the adult hematopoietic system recapitulates fetal erythroid-dominant hematopoiesis. Conversely, deletion of Lin28b or ectopic activation of let-7 microRNAs in the fetal state induces a shift toward adult-like myeloid-dominant output. Furthermore, we identify Hmga2 as an effector of this genetic switch. These studies provide the first detailed analysis of the roles of endogenous Lin28b and let-7 in the timing of hematopoietic states during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Leo D Wang
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Silvia Coma
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Areum Han
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ronald Mathieu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel S Pearson
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Samantha Ross
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Patricia Sousa
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Phi T Nguyen
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Antony Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215 Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
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Sashida G, Wang C, Tomioka T, Oshima M, Aoyama K, Kanai A, Mochizuki-Kashio M, Harada H, Shimoda K, Iwama A. The loss of Ezh2 drives the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis and sensitizes tumor-initiating cells to bromodomain inhibition. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1459-77. [PMID: 27401345 PMCID: PMC4986523 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of Ezh2 in the presence of activating mutation in JAK2 (JAK2V617F) cooperatively alters transcriptional programs of hematopoiesis, activates specific oncogenes, and promotes the development of myelofibrosis. EZH2 is a component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and functions as an H3K27 methyltransferase. Loss-of-function mutations in EZH2 are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), particularly those with primary myelofibrosis (MF [PMF]). To determine how EZH2 insufficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of PMF, we generated mice compound for an Ezh2 conditional deletion and activating mutation in JAK2 (JAK2V617F) present in patients with PMF. The deletion of Ezh2 in JAK2V617F mice markedly promoted the development of MF, indicating a tumor suppressor function for EZH2 in PMF. The loss of Ezh2 in JAK2V617F hematopoietic cells caused significant reductions in H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) levels, resulting in an epigenetic switch to H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac). These epigenetic switches were closely associated with the activation of PRC2 target genes including Hmga2, an oncogene implicated in the pathogenesis of PMF. The treatment of JAK2V617F/Ezh2-null mice with a bromodomain inhibitor significantly attenuated H3K27ac levels at the promoter regions of PRC2 targets and down-regulated their expression, leading to the abrogation of MF-initiating cells. Therefore, an EZH2 insufficiency not only cooperated with active JAK2 to induce MF, but also conferred an oncogenic addiction to the H3K27ac modification in MF-initiating cells that was capable of being restored by bromodomain inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Sashida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Changshan Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Takahisa Tomioka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Makiko Mochizuki-Kashio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Treating hemoglobinopathies using gene-correction approaches: promises and challenges. Hum Genet 2016; 135:993-1010. [PMID: 27314256 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies are genetic disorders caused by aberrant hemoglobin expression or structure changes, resulting in severe mortality and health disparities worldwide. Sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia, the most common forms of hemoglobinopathies, are typically treated using transfusions and pharmacological agents. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative therapy, but has limited clinical applicability. Although gene therapy approaches have been proposed based on the insertion and forced expression of wild-type or anti-sickling β-globin variants, safety concerns may impede their clinical application. A novel curative approach is nuclease-based gene correction, which involves the application of precision genome-editing tools to correct the disease-causing mutation. This review describes the development and potential application of gene therapy and precision genome-editing approaches for treating SCD and β-thalassemia. The opportunities and challenges in advancing a curative therapy for hemoglobinopathies are also discussed.
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Mice with a Mutation in the Mdm2 Gene That Interferes with MDM2/Ribosomal Protein Binding Develop a Defect in Erythropoiesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152263. [PMID: 27042854 PMCID: PMC4820113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an important negative regulator of tumor suppressor p53. In turn the Mdm2 gene is a transcriptional target of p53, forming a negative feedback loop that is important in cell cycle control. It has recently become apparent that the ubiquitination of p53 by MDM2 can be inhibited when certain ribosomal proteins, including RPL5 and RPL11, bind to MDM2. This inhibition, and the resulting increase in p53 levels has been proposed to be responsible for the red cell aplasia seen in Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) and in 5q- myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). DBA and 5q- MDS are associated with inherited (DBA) or acquired (5q- MDS) haploinsufficiency of ribosomal proteins. A mutation in Mdm2 causing a C305F amino acid substitution blocks the binding of ribosomal proteins. Mice harboring this mutation (Mdm2C305F), retain a normal p53 response to DNA damage, but lack the p53 response to perturbations in ribosome biogenesis. While studying the interaction between RP haploinsufficiency and the Mdm2C305F mutation we noticed that Mdm2C305F homozygous mice had altered hematopoiesis. These mice developed a mild macrocytic anemia with reticulocytosis. In the bone marrow (BM), these mice showed a significant decrease in Ter119hi cells compared to wild type (WT) littermates, while no decrease in the number of mature erythroid cells (Ter119hiCD71low) was found in the spleen, which showed compensated bone marrow hematopoiesis. In methylcellulose cultures, BFU-E colonies from the mutant mice were slightly reduced in number and there was a significant reduction in CFU-E colony numbers in mutant mice compared with WT controls (p < 0.01). This erythropoietic defect was abrogated by concomitant p53 deficiency (Trp53ko/ko). Further investigation revealed that in Mdm2C305F animals, there was a decrease in Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells, accompanied by significant decreases in multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells (p < 0.01). Competitive BM repopulation experiments showed that donor BM harboring the Mdm2C305F mutation possessed decreased repopulation capacity compared to WT BM, suggesting a functional stem cell deficit. These results suggest that there is a fine tuned balance in the interaction of ribosomal proteins with the MDM2/p53 axis which is important in normal hematopoiesis.
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Oshima M, Hasegawa N, Mochizuki-Kashio M, Muto T, Miyagi S, Koide S, Yabata S, Wendt GR, Saraya A, Wang C, Shimoda K, Suzuki Y, Iwama A. Ezh2 regulates the Lin28/let-7 pathway to restrict activation of fetal gene signature in adult hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:282-96.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Saeidi K. Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Current molecular biology and genetics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 98:375-89. [PMID: 26697989 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders characterized by increased production of mature blood cells. Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPNs (Ph-MPNs) consist of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). A number of stem cell derived mutations have been identified in the past 10 years. These findings showed that JAK2V617F, as a diagnostic marker involving JAK2 exon 14 with a high frequency, is the best molecular characterization of Ph-MPNs. Somatic mutations in an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, named calreticulin (CALR), is the second most common mutation in patients with ET and PMF after JAK2 V617F mutation. Discovery of CALR mutations led to the increased molecular diagnostic of ET and PMF up to 90%. It has been shown that JAK2V617F is not the unique event in disease pathogenesis. Some other genes' location such as TET oncogene family member 2 (TET2), additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1), casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene (CBL), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/IDH2), IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1), DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), tumor protein p53 (TP53), runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) have also identified to be involved in MPNs phenotypes. Here, current molecular biology and genetic mechanisms involved in MNPs with a focus on the aforementioned factors is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Saeidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Benton CB, Nazha A, Pemmaraju N, Garcia-Manero G. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Forefront of the field in 2015. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:222-42. [PMID: 25869097 PMCID: PMC4859155 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) includes components of both myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms and is associated with a characteristic peripheral monocytosis. CMML is caused by the proliferation of an abnormal hematopoietic stem cell clone and may be influenced by microenvironmental changes. The disease is rare and has undergone revisions in its classification. We review the recent classification strategies as well as diagnostic criteria, focusing on CMML's genetic alterations and unique pathophysiology. We also discuss the latest molecular characterization of the disease, including how molecular factors affect current prognostic models. Finally, we focus on available treatment strategies, with a special emphasis on experimental and forthcoming therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Benton
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aziz Nazha
- Leukemia Program, Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Singh I, Ozturk N, Cordero J, Mehta A, Hasan D, Cosentino C, Sebastian C, Krüger M, Looso M, Carraro G, Bellusci S, Seeger W, Braun T, Mostoslavsky R, Barreto G. High mobility group protein-mediated transcription requires DNA damage marker γ-H2AX. Cell Res 2015; 25:837-50. [PMID: 26045162 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic genome is organized into chromatins, the physiological template for DNA-dependent processes including replication, recombination, repair, and transcription. Chromatin-mediated transcription regulation involves DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and histone modifications. However, chromatin also contains non-histone chromatin-associated proteins, of which the high-mobility group (HMG) proteins are the most abundant. Although it is known that HMG proteins induce structural changes of chromatin, the processes underlying transcription regulation by HMG proteins are poorly understood. Here we decipher the molecular mechanism of transcription regulation mediated by the HMG AT-hook 2 protein (HMGA2). We combined proteomic, ChIP-seq, and transcriptome data to show that HMGA2-induced transcription requires phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX at S139 (H2AXS139ph; γ-H2AX) mediated by the protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Furthermore, we demonstrate the biological relevance of this mechanism within the context of TGFβ1 signaling. The interplay between HMGA2, ATM, and H2AX is a novel mechanism of transcription initiation. Our results link H2AXS139ph to transcription, assigning a new function for this DNA damage marker. Controlled chromatin opening during transcription may involve intermediates with DNA breaks that may require mechanisms that ensure the integrity of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrabahadur Singh
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nihan Ozturk
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Aditi Mehta
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Diya Hasan
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Cosentino
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carlos Sebastian
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Division of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Group of Bioinformatics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- 1] Chair for Lung Matrix Remodeling, Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System, University Justus Liebig, 35932 Giessen, Germany [2] Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation [3] Member of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and the German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL)
| | - Werner Seeger
- 1] Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany [2] Member of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and the German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL)
| | - Thomas Braun
- 1] Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany [2] Member of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and the German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL)
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- 1] LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany [2] Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation [3] Member of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and the German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL)
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Finotti A, Breda L, Lederer CW, Bianchi N, Zuccato C, Kleanthous M, Rivella S, Gambari R. Recent trends in the gene therapy of β-thalassemia. J Blood Med 2015; 6:69-85. [PMID: 25737641 PMCID: PMC4342371 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s46256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-thalassemias are a group of hereditary hematological diseases caused by over 300 mutations of the adult β-globin gene. Together with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia syndromes are among the most impactful diseases in developing countries, in which the lack of genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis have contributed to the maintenance of a very high frequency of these genetic diseases in the population. Gene therapy for β-thalassemia has recently seen steadily accelerating progress and has reached a crossroads in its development. Presently, data from past and ongoing clinical trials guide the design of further clinical and preclinical studies based on gene augmentation, while fundamental insights into globin switching and new technology developments have inspired the investigation of novel gene-therapy approaches. Moreover, human erythropoietic stem cells from β-thalassemia patients have been the cellular targets of choice to date whereas future gene-therapy studies might increasingly draw on induced pluripotent stem cells. Herein, we summarize the most significant developments in β-thalassemia gene therapy over the last decade, with a strong emphasis on the most recent findings, for β-thalassemia model systems; for β-, γ-, and anti-sickling β-globin gene addition and combinatorial approaches including the latest results of clinical trials; and for novel approaches, such as transgene-mediated activation of γ-globin and genome editing using designer nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Finotti
- Laboratory for the Development of Gene and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Centre of Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy ; Associazione Veneta per la Lotta alla Talassemia, Rovigo, Italy ; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Breda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carsten W Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus ; Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Laboratory for the Development of Gene and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Centre of Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy ; Associazione Veneta per la Lotta alla Talassemia, Rovigo, Italy ; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Zuccato
- Laboratory for the Development of Gene and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Centre of Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy ; Associazione Veneta per la Lotta alla Talassemia, Rovigo, Italy ; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus ; Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Cell and Development Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Laboratory for the Development of Gene and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Centre of Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy ; Associazione Veneta per la Lotta alla Talassemia, Rovigo, Italy ; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
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Benton CB, Tanaka M, Wilson C, Pierce S, Zhou L, Cortes J, Kantarjian H, Verstovsek S. Increased likelihood of post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis in Ph-negative MPN patients with chromosome 12 abnormalities. Leuk Res 2015; 39:419-23. [PMID: 25687833 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome 12 (Chr12) abnormalities have been described for individual patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-neg MPN), however the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of such patients as a whole have not been investigated. We reviewed a database of 1787 consecutive Ph-neg MPN patients seen at our institution and determined that 2% of Ph-neg MPN patients harbored an alteration involving Chr12 by cytogenetic evaluation. Retrospective chart review revealed that patients with Chr12 abnormalities had a higher likelihood of having myelofibrosis (MF) compared to patients without a Chr12 abnormality, and were more likely to have post-polycythemia vera MF. The most common alterations in Chr12 in MF patients involved 12q13, 12q15, 12q24, and trisomy 12, and >40% of Chr12 Ph-neg MPN patients had cytogenetic evolution. Chr12 abnormalities did not significantly correlate with JAK2 status, progression to acute myeloid leukemia, or survival, however patients with 12q24 abnormalities trended toward poorer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Benton
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lingsha Zhou
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Chiu SC, Liu HH, Chen CL, Chen PR, Liu MC, Lin SZ, Chang KT. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in laboratory animals: offering an insight into stem cell research. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:349-66. [PMID: 25646951 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a pathological process secondary to underlying bone marrow (BM) insufficiency in adults. It is characterized by the emergence of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors scattered around the affected tissue, most likely in the spleen, liver, and lymph node, etc. EMH in patients frequently receives less medical attention and is neglected unless a compressive or obstructive hematopoietic mass appears to endanger the patient's life. However, on a biological basis, EMH reflects the alteration of relationships among hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their original and new microenvironments. The ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to mobilize from the bone marrow and to accommodate and function in extramedullary tissues is rather complicated and far from our current understanding. Fortunately, many reports from the studies of drugs and genetics using animals have incidentally found EMH to be involved. Thereby, the molecular basis of EMH could further be elucidated from those animals after cross-comparison. A deeper understanding of the extramedullary hematopoietic niche could help expand stem cells in vitro and establish a better treatment in patients for stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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HMGA1 silencing restores normal stem cell characteristics in colon cancer stem cells by increasing p53 levels. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3234-45. [PMID: 24833610 PMCID: PMC4102806 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) proteins are architectural chromatinic proteins, abundantly expressed during embryogenesis and in most cancer tissues, but expressed at low levels or absent in normal adult tissues. Several studies have demonstrated that HMGA1 proteins play a causal role in neoplastic cell transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these proteins in the control of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have emerged as a preferred target in cancer therapy, because of their role in cancer recurrence. We observed that HMGA1 is overexpressed in colon tumour stem cell (CTSC) lines compared to normal and colon cancer tissues. We demonstrated that HMGA1 silencing in CTSCs increases stem cell quiescence and reduces self-renewal and sphere-forming efficiency (SFE). The latter, together with the upregulation and asymmetric distribution of NUMB, is indicative of the recovery of an asymmetric division pattern, typical of normal stem cells. We further found that HMGA1 transcriptionally regulates p53, which is known to control the balance between symmetric and asymmetric divisions in CSCs. Therefore, our data indicate a critical role for HMGA1 in regulating both self-renewal and the symmetric/asymmetric division ratio in CSCs, suggesting that blocking HMGA1 function may be an effective anti-cancer therapy.
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Harada-Shirado K, Ikeda K, Ogawa K, Ohkawara H, Kimura H, Kai T, Noji H, Morishita S, Komatsu N, Takeishi Y. Dysregulation of the MIRLET7/HMGA2 axis with methylation of the CDKN2A promoter in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Br J Haematol 2014; 168:338-49. [PMID: 25236537 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (Hmga2), which is negatively regulated by MIRLET7 micro RNAs through 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR), causes proliferative haematopoiesis mimicking myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and contributes to progression of myelofibrosis in mice. Thus, we investigated HMGA2 mRNA expression in 66 patients with MPNs including 23 polycythaemia vera (PV), 33 essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and 10 primary myelofibrosis (PMF). HMGA2 mRNA expression, especially variant 1 with 3'UTR that contains MIRLET7-specific sites, rather than variant 2 lacking 3'UTR, is frequently deregulated due to decreased MIRLET7 expression in granulocytes from over 20% of PV and ET, and in either granulocytes or CD34(+) cells from 100% of PMF. Patients with deregulated HMGA2 mRNA expression were significantly more likely to show splenomegaly, high serum lactate dehydrogenase values, and methylation of the CDKN2A promoter compared with other patients without deregulation of HMGA2. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat, significantly increased MIRLET7 expression and reduced variant 1 of HMGA2 mRNA expression, but not variant 2, in both U937 cells and PMF-derived CD34(+) cells. Moreover, both panobinostat and small interfering RNA of HMGA2 demethylated the CDKN2A promoter in U937 cells. In conclusion, the frequently dysregulated MIRLET7/HMGA2 axis could be a therapeutic target in MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Harada-Shirado
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Ohkawara H, Ishibashi T, Sugimoto K, Ikeda K, Ogawa K, Takeishi Y. Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase/Akt signaling axis modulates TNF-α-induced procoagulant activity and apoptosis in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105697. [PMID: 25162582 PMCID: PMC4146507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane type 1–matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) functions as a signaling molecule in addition to a proteolytic enzyme. Our hypothesis was that MT1-MMP cooperates with protein kinase B (Akt) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced signaling pathways of vascular responses, including tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity and endothelial apoptosis, in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (ECs). TNF-α (10 ng/mL) induced a decrease in Akt phosphorylation within 60 minutes in ECs. A chemical inhibitor of MMP, TIMP-2 and selective small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated suppression of MT1-MMP reversed TNF-α-triggered transient decrease of Akt phosphorylation within 60 minutes, suggesting that MT1-MMP may be a key regulator of Akt phosphorylation in TNF-α-stimulated ECs. In the downstream events, TNF-α increased TF antigen and activity, and suppressed the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) antigen. Inhibition of Akt markedly enhanced TNF-α-induced expression of TF antigen and activity, and further reduced the expression of TM antigen. Silencing of MT1-MMP by siRNA also reversed the changed expression of TF and TM induced by TNF-α. Moreover, TNF-α induced apoptosis of ECs through Akt- and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1)-dependent signaling pathway and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) activation. Knockdown of MT1-MMP by siRNA reversed apoptosis of ECs by inhibiting TNF-α-induced Akt-dependent regulation of FoxO1 in TNF-α-stimulated ECs. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that TNF-α induced the changes in the associations between the cytoplasmic fraction of MT1-MMP and Akt in ECs. In conclusion, we show new evidence that MT1-MMP/Akt signaling axis is a key modifier for TNF-α-induced signaling pathways for modulation of procoagulant activity and apoptosis of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohkawara
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshiyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohara General Hospital Medical Center, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuei Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Hmga2 is a direct target gene of RUNX1 and regulates expansion of myeloid progenitors in mice. Blood 2014; 124:2203-12. [PMID: 25150295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-554543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is a master transcription factor in hematopoiesis and mediates the specification and homeostasis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Disruptions in RUNX1 are well known to lead to hematologic disease. In this study, we sought to identify and characterize RUNX1 target genes in HSPCs by performing RUNX1 chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) using a murine HSPC line and complementing this data with our previously described gene expression profiling of primary wild-type and RUNX1-deficient HSPCs (Lineage(-)/cKit(+)/Sca1(+)). From this analysis, we identified and confirmed that Hmga2, a known oncogene, as a direct target of RUNX1. Hmga2 was strongly upregulated in RUNX1-deficient HSPCs, and the promoter of Hmga2 was responsive in a cell-type dependent manner upon coexpression of RUNX1. Conditional Runx1 knockout mice exhibit expansion of their HSPCs and myeloid progenitors as hallmark phenotypes. To further validate and establish that Hmga2 plays a role in inducing HSPC expansion, we generated mouse models of HMGA2 and RUNX1 deficiency. Although mice lacking both factors continued to display higher frequencies of HSPCs, the expansion of myeloid progenitors was effectively rescued. The data presented here establish Hmga2 as a transcriptional target of RUNX1 and a critical regulator of myeloid progenitor expansion.
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50
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Willenbrock S, Wagner S, Reimann-Berg N, Moulay M, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Nolte I, Escobar HM. Generation and characterisation of a canine EGFP-HMGA2 prostate cancer in vitro model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98788. [PMID: 24914948 PMCID: PMC4051699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The architectural transcription factor HMGA2 is abundantly expressed during embryonic development. In several malignant neoplasias including prostate cancer, high re-expression of HMGA2 is correlated with malignancy and poor prognosis. The let-7 miRNA family is described to regulate HMGA2 negatively. The balance of let-7 and HMGA2 is discussed to play a major role in tumour aetiology. To further analyse the role of HMGA2 in prostate cancer a stable and highly reproducible in vitro model system is precondition. Herein we established a canine CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 prostate cancer cell line stably overexpressing HMGA2 linked to EGFP and in addition the reference cell line CT1258-EGFP expressing solely EGFP to exclude EGFP-induced effects. Both recombinant cell lines were characterised by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The proliferative effect of ectopically overexpressed HMGA2 was determined via BrdU assays. Comparative karyotyping of the derived and the initial CT1258 cell lines was performed to analyse chromosome consistency. The impact of the ectopic HMGA2 expression on its regulator let-7a was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Fluorescence microscopy and immunocytochemistry detected successful expression of the EGFP-HMGA2 fusion protein exclusively accumulating in the nucleus. Gene expression analyses confirmed HMGA2 overexpression in CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 in comparison to CT1258-EGFP and native cells. Significantly higher let-7a expression levels were found in CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 and CT1258-EGFP. The BrdU assays detected an increased proliferation of CT1258-HMGA2-EGFP cells compared to CT1258-EGFP and native CT1258. The cytogenetic analyses of CT1258-EGFP and CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 resulted in a comparable hyperdiploid karyotype as described for native CT1258 cells. To further investigate the impact of recombinant overexpressed HMGA2 on CT1258 cells, other selected targets described to underlie HMGA2 regulation were screened in addition. The new fluorescent CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 cell line is a stable tool enabling in vitro and in vivo analyses of the HMGA2-mediated effects on cells and the development and pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Willenbrock
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Wagner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicola Reimann-Berg
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Medicine, Haematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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