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Chen Q, Zheng Y, Jiang X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wu D. Nature's carriers: leveraging extracellular vesicles for targeted drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2361165. [PMID: 38832506 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2361165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of drug delivery systems, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising stars for improving targeting abilities and realizing effective delivery. Numerous studies have shown when compared to conventional strategies in targeted drug delivery (TDD), EVs-based strategies have several distinguished advantages besides targeting, such as participating in cell-to-cell communications and immune response, showing high biocompatibility and stability, penetrating through biological barriers, etc. In this review, we mainly focus on the mass production of EVs including the challenges and strategies for scaling up EVs production in a cost-effective and reproducible manner, the loading and active targeting methods, and examples of EVs as vehicles for TDD in consideration of potential safety and regulatory issues associated. We also conclude and discuss the rigor and reproducibility of EVs production, the current research status of the application of EVs-based strategies to targeted drug delivery, clinical conversion prospects, and existing chances and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Medical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Jiang
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Duval C, Wyse BA, Tsang BK, Librach CL. Extracellular vesicles and their content in the context of polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis: a review. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:160. [PMID: 39103867 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particles enriched in bioactive molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and play key roles in various physiological and pathological processes. EVs have been shown to be involved in ovarian follicular function and to be altered in two prevalent gynecological disorders; polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis.Ovarian follicles are complex microenvironments where folliculogenesis takes place with well-orchestrated interactions between granulosa cells, oocytes, and their surrounding stromal cells. Recent research unveiled the presence of EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, in the follicular fluid (FFEVs), which constitutes part of the developing oocyte's microenvironment. In the context of PCOS, a multifaceted endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic disorder, studies have explored the dysregulation of these FFEVs and their cargo. Nine PCOS studies were included in this review and two miRNAs were commonly reported in two different studies, miR-379 and miR-200, both known to play a role in female reproduction. Studies have also demonstrated the potential use of EVs as diagnostic tools and treatment options.Endometriosis, another prevalent gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue, has also been linked to aberrant EV signaling. EVs in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis carry molecules that modulate the immune response and promote the establishment and maintenance of endometriosis lesions. EVs derived from endometriosis lesions, serum and peritoneal fluid obtained from patients with endometriosis showed no commonly reported biomolecules between the eleven reviewed studies. Importantly, circulating EVs have been shown to be potential biomarkers, also reflecting the severity of the pathology.Understanding the interplay of EVs within human ovarian follicles may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of both PCOS and endometriosis. Targeting EV-mediated communication may open avenues for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these common gynecological disorders. More research is essential to unravel the mechanisms underlying EV involvement in folliculogenesis and its dysregulation in PCOS and endometriosis, ultimately leading to more effective and personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia Duval
- CReATe Fertility Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Inflammation and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Babaei A, Yazdi AT, Ranji R, Bahadoran E, Taheri S, Nikkhahi F, Ghorbani S, Abbasi A. Therapeutic Effects of Exosomal miRNA-4731-5p from Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Human Glioblastoma Cells. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103061. [PMID: 39098111 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed and serve as tumor suppressors in glioblastoma (GBM). The present study aimed to elucidate the function of exosomal microRNA-4731-5p (miR-4731-5p) from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in the activity of human GBM cell lines. METHOD First, GBM-related miRNAs, their expression, and potential target genes and cytokines of miR-4731-5p were identified using bioinformatic datasets. Subsequently, purified AD-MSCs were transfected with a miRNA-4731-5p expression plasmid, and exosomes were isolated and characterized. Next, the transfection process was confirmed and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the overexpressed exosomal miRNA-4731-5p was inhibited for cancer cells. The probable anticancer action of exosomal miRNA-4731-5p on U-87 and U-251 GBM cell lines was verified by flow cytometry, DAPI staining, cell cycle, real-time PCR, and wound healing assays. RESULTS A concentration of 50 ng/mL of miRNA-4731-5p-transfected exosomes was the safe dose for anticancer settings. The results showed that the exosomal miR-4731-5p exerted an inhibitory effect on the cell cycle and migration and induced apoptosis in GBM cell lines by regulating the phosphoinositide-3-kinase-AKT (PI3K-AKT) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the expression of exosomal miRNA-4731-5p has favorable antitumor properties for the treatment of GBM cell lines and may be a fundamental therapeutic option for this type of brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Babaei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Amin Torabi Yazdi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Ranji
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Bahadoran
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shiva Taheri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Payandeh Z, Tangruksa B, Synnergren J, Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Nordin JZ, Andaloussi SE, Borén J, Wiseman J, Bohlooly-Y M, Lindfors L, Valadi H. Extracellular vesicles transport RNA between cells: Unraveling their dual role in diagnostics and therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 99:101302. [PMID: 39094449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Modern methods of molecular diagnostics and therapy have revolutionized the field of medicine in recent years by providing more precise and effective tools for detecting and treating diseases. This progress includes a growing exploration of the body's secreted vesicles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. EVs are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by almost every cell type studied so far. They are detected in body fluids and conditioned culture media from living cells. EVs play a crucial role in communication between cells and organs, both locally and over long distances. They are recognized for their ability to transport endogenous RNA and proteins between cells, including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), misfolded neurodegenerative proteins, and several other biomolecules. This review explores the dual utilization of EVs, serving not only for diagnostic purposes but also as a platform for delivering therapeutic molecules to cells and tissues. Through an exploration of their composition, biogenesis, and selective cargo packaging, we elucidate the intricate mechanisms behind RNA transport between cells via EVs, highlighting their potential use for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Finally, it addresses challenges and outlines prospective directions for the clinical utilization of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41346, Sweden
| | - Benyapa Tangruksa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41346, Sweden; Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden; Global Patient Safety - Biopharma, AstraZeneca, 431 83, Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Wiseman
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lennart Lindfors
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41346, Sweden.
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Schioppa T, Gaudenzi C, Zucchi G, Piserà A, Vahidi Y, Tiberio L, Sozzani S, Del Prete A, Bosisio D, Salvi V. Extracellular vesicles at the crossroad between cancer progression and immunotherapy: focus on dendritic cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:691. [PMID: 39075551 PMCID: PMC11288070 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized heat-stable vesicles released by virtually all cells in the body, including tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs). By carrying molecules from originating cells, EVs work as cell-to-cell communicators in both homeostasis and cancer but may also represent valuable therapeutic and diagnostic tools. This review focuses on the role of tumor-derived EVs (TEVs) in the modulation of DC functions and on the therapeutic potential of both tumor- and DC-derived EVs in the context of immunotherapy and DC-based vaccine design. TEVs were originally characterized for their capability to transfer tumor antigens to DCs but are currently regarded as mainly immunosuppressive because of the expression of DC-inhibiting molecules such as PD-L1, HLA-G, PGE2 and others. However, TEVs may still represent a privileged system to deliver antigenic material to DCs upon appropriate engineering to reduce their immunosuppressive cargo or increase immunogenicity. DC-derived EVs are more promising than tumor-derived EVs since they expose antigen-loaded MHC, costimulatory molecules and NK cell-activating ligands in the absence of an immunosuppressive cargo. Moreover, DC-derived EVs possess several advantages as compared to cell-based drugs such as a higher antigen/MHC concentration and ease of manipulation and a lower sensitivity to immunosuppressive microenvironments. Preclinical models showed that DC-derived EVs efficiently activate tumor-specific NK and T cell responses either directly or indirectly by transferring antigens to tumor-infiltrating DCs. By contrast, however, phase I and II trials showed a limited clinical efficacy of EV-based anticancer vaccines. We discuss that the future of EV-based therapy depends on our capability to overcome major challenges such as a still incomplete understanding of their biology and pharmacokinetic and the lack of standardized methods for high-throughput isolation and purification. Despite this, EVs remain in the limelight as candidates for cancer immunotherapy which may outmatch cell-based strategies in the fullness of their time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Gaudenzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zucchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur- Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Piserà
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur- Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Yasmin Vahidi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur- Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
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Dong K, Chen F, Wang L, Lin C, Ying M, Li B, Huang T, Wang S. iMSC exosome delivers hsa-mir-125b-5p and strengthens acidosis resilience through suppression of ASIC1 protein in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107568. [PMID: 39019215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) is critical in acidotoxicity and significantly contributes to neuronal death in cerebral stroke. Pharmacological inhibition of ASIC1 has been shown to reduce neuronal death. However, the potential of utilizing exosomes derived from pluripotent stem cells to achieve inhibition of Asic1 remains to be explored. Developing qualified exosome products with precise and potent active ingredients suitable for clinical application is also ongoing. Here, we adopt small RNA-seq to interrogate the miRNA contents in exosomes of pluripotent stem cell induced mesenchymal stem cell (iMSC). RNA-seq was used to compare the oxygen-glucose deprivation-damaged neurons before and after the delivery of exosomes. We used Western blot to quantify the Asic1 protein abundance in neurons before and after exosome treatment. An in vivo test on rats validated the neuroprotective effect of iMSC-derived exosome and its active potent miRNA hsa-mir-125b-5p. We demonstrate that pluripotent stem cell-derived iMSCs produce exosomes with consistent miRNA contents and sustained expression. These exosomes efficiently rescue injured neurons, alleviate the pathological burden, and restore neuron function in rats under oxygen-glucose deprivation stress. Furthermore, we identify hsa-mir-125b-5p as the active component responsible for inhibiting the Asic1a protein and protecting neurons. We validated a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance acidosis resilience in cerebral stroke by utilizing exosomes derived from pluripotent stem cells with specific miRNA content. This holds promise for cerebral stroke treatment with the potential to reduce neuronal damage and improve clinical patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Chen
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Quality Control, Guidon Pharmaceutics, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Lin
- Department of Quality Control, Guidon Pharmaceutics, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bingnan Li
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Sun M, Tang M, Qian Y, Zong G, Zhu G, Jiang Y, Mu Y, Zhou M, Ding Q, Wang H, Zhu F, Yang C. Extracellular vesicles-derived ferritin from lipid-induced hepatocytes regulates activation of hepatic stellate cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33741. [PMID: 39027492 PMCID: PMC11255497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objectives: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in intercellular communication within the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to explore the intricate crosstalk between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) mediated by EVs in NAFLD. Materials and methods EVs ferritin was detected in hepatocytes stimulated with free fatty acids (FFA) as well as in NAFLD mice. Deferoxamine (DFO) was employed to reduce ferritin levels, while GW4869 was utilized to inhibit EVs. The impact of EVs ferritin on the HSCs activation was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, serum EVs ferritin levels were compared between NAFLD patients and controls. Results FFA treatment induces the formation and secretion of EVs and facilitates the release of ferritin from hepatocytes via EVs. Subsequently, EVs ferritin is hijacked by HSCs, prompting accelerated HSCs activation. Silencing ferritin with DFO and inhibiting EVs formation and secretion with GW4869 can reverse the effects of FFA treatment and disrupt the communication between hepatocytes and HSCs. Accumulation of ferritin leads to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, promoting HSCs fibrogenesis. Conversely, depleting EVs ferritin cargo restores liver function, concurrently mitigating NAFLD-associated fibrosis. Notably, NAFLD patients exhibit significantly elevated levels of serum EVs ferritin. Conclusions This study unveils a previously underestimated role of ferritin in HSCs upon its release from hepatocytes, emphasizing DFO as a promising compound to impede NAFLD advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guannan Zong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaowang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Mu
- Department of Cadre Ward, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjun Zhou
- Kunshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Ding
- Nutrition Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengshang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia & Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Satheeshan G, Si AK, Rutta J, Venkatesh T. Exosome theranostics: Comparative analysis of P body and exosome proteins and their mutations for clinical applications. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:124. [PMID: 38995459 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid-bilayered vesicles, originating from early endosomes that capture cellular proteins and genetic materials to form multi-vesicular bodies. These exosomes are secreted into extracellular fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, blood, urine, and cell culture supernatants. They play a key role in intercellular communication by carrying active molecules like lipids, cytokines, growth factors, metabolites, proteins, and RNAs. Recently, the potential of exosomal delivery for therapeutic purposes has been explored due to their low immunogenicity, nano-scale size, and ability to cross cellular barriers. This review comprehensively examines the biogenesis of exosomes, their isolation techniques, and their diverse applications in theranostics. We delve into the mechanisms and methods for loading exosomes with mRNA, miRNA, proteins, and drugs, highlighting their transformative role in delivering therapeutic payloads. Additionally, the utility of exosomes in stem cell therapy is discussed, showcasing their potential in regenerative medicine. Insights into exosome cargo using pre- or post-loading techniques are critical for exosome theranostics. We review exosome databases such as ExoCarta, Expedia, and ExoBCD, which document exosome cargo. From these databases, we identified 25 proteins common to both exosomes and P-bodies, known for mutations in the COSMIC database. Exosome databases do not integrate with mutation analysis programs; hence, we performed mutation analysis using additional databases. Accounting for the mutation status of parental cells and exosomal cargo is crucial in exosome theranostics. This review provides a comprehensive report on exosome databases, proteins common to exosomes and P-bodies, and their mutation analysis, along with the latest studies on exosome-engineered theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Satheeshan
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Krishna building, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Ayan Kumar Si
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Krishna building, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Joel Rutta
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Krishna building, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Krishna building, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India.
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Biondi A, Vacante M, Catania R, Sangiorgio G. Extracellular Vesicles and Immune System Function: Exploring Novel Approaches to Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1473. [PMID: 39062046 PMCID: PMC11275211 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating immune system function and their application in novel cancer immunotherapy strategies, with a focus on colorectal cancer (CRC). EVs, as carriers of bioactive molecules, have shown potential in enhancing immune responses and overcoming the limitations of traditional therapies. We discuss the biogenesis, types, and functional roles of immune cell-derived EVs, their interactions with cancer cells, and their implications in antitumor immunity. Challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion are addressed, alongside the promising therapeutic prospects of EV-based strategies. This comprehensive analysis underscores the transformative potential of EVs in cancer treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Marco Vacante
- Unit of Internal Medicine Critical Area—ARNAS Garibaldi, Piazza Santa Maria di Gesù, 5, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Roberta Catania
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Sangiorgio
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.B.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Li H, Zhang J, Tan M, Yin Y, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yan L, Li N, Zhang X, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. Exosomes based strategies for cardiovascular diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122544. [PMID: 38579591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), are secreted by all types of cells to facilitate intercellular communication in living organisms. After being taken up by neighboring or distant cells, exosomes can alter the expression levels of target genes in recipient cells and thereby affect their pathophysiological outcomes depending on payloads encapsulated therein. The functions and mechanisms of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have attracted much attention in recent years and are thought to have cardioprotective and regenerative potential. This review summarizes the biogenesis and molecular contents of exosomes and details the roles played by exosomes released from various cells in the progression and recovery of cardiovascular disease. The review also discusses the current status of traditional exosomes in cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, pointing out several limitations in their application. It emphasizes that some of the existing emerging industrial or bioengineering technologies are promising to compensate for these shortcomings, and the combined application of exosomes and biomaterials provides an opportunity for mutual enhancement of their performance. The integration of exosome-based cell-free diagnostic and therapeutic options will contribute to the further development of cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Cardiovascular Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, PR China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
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11
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Wardhani K, Levina A, Grau GER, Lay PA. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6779-6829. [PMID: 38828885 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00238h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Various labeling strategies, such as lipid membrane, surface protein, luminal, nucleic acid, radionuclide, quantum dot labels, and metal complex-based stains, are evaluated for visualizing and characterizing EVs. Direct labelling with fluorescent lipophilic dyes is simple but generally lacks specificity, while surface protein labelling offers selectivity but may affect EV-cell interactions. Luminal and nucleic acid labelling strategies have their own advantages and challenges. Each labelling approach has strengths and weaknesses, which require a suitable probe and technique based on research goals, but new tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as phosphorescent probes have strong phosphorescence, selective staining, and stability. Future research should prioritize the design of novel fluorescent probes and labelling platforms that can significantly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and specificity of EV labeling, while preserving their composition and functionality. It is crucial to reduce false positive signals and explore the potential of multimodal imaging techniques to gain comprehensive insights into EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology (B-TEK) Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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12
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Li B, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Feng X, Gu G, Han S, Cheng N, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Liu J. Neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis and restore abnormal protein distribution in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1593-1601. [PMID: 38051904 PMCID: PMC10883488 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202407000-00040/figure1/v/2023-11-20T171125Z/r/image-tiff
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Because Alzheimer's disease affects the entire brain, further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole. Here, we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing, immunostaining, and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution. Additionally, to clarify whether the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-derived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes, we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knockout APP/PS1 mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-derived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels, enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors, and inhibit astrocyte activation, but do not suppress amyloid-β production. Thus, neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1α signaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease, and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect, indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Morphology and Spatial Multi-Omics Technology Platform, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanran Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Gu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Morphology and Spatial Multi-Omics Technology Platform, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianhao Cheng
- Morphology and Spatial Multi-Omics Technology Platform, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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13
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McGinn M, Rabender C, Mikkelsen R, Yakovlev V. Hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles regulate liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600679. [PMID: 38979255 PMCID: PMC11230358 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
While significant progress has been made in understanding different aspects of liver regeneration, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and termination of cell proliferation in the liver after massive loss or injury of liver tissue remain unknown. The loss of liver mass affects tissue-specific mitogenic inhibitors in the blood, which in turn regulate the proliferation of remaining hepatocytes and liver regeneration. Although well described in a number of publications, which inhibitory substances or "sensor molecules" control the regeneration mechanisms to properly maintain liver size remain unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membrane-limited structures secreted by cells into the extracellular space. Their proposed role is stable intercellular carriers of proteins and RNAs, mostly micro-RNA, from secreted to recipient cells. Taken up by the recipient cells, EVs can significantly modulate their biological functions. In the present study, using in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration are regulated by EVs secreted by hepatocytes into the bloodstream. This regulation is carried out through a negative feedback mechanism, which explains the very precise regeneration of liver tissue after massive damage. We also demonstrate that an essential component of this mechanism is RNA carried by hepatocyte-derived EVs. These findings open up a new and unexplored area of biology regarding the mechanisms involved in the homeostasis regulation of various constantly renewing tissues by maintaining the optimal size and correct ratio between differentiating and proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina McGinn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher Rabender
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ross Mikkelsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vasily Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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14
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Rai A, Claridge B, Lozano J, Greening DW. The Discovery of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emergence as a Next-Generation Therapy. Circ Res 2024; 135:198-221. [PMID: 38900854 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
From their humble discovery as cellular debris to cementing their natural capacity to transfer functional molecules between cells, the long-winded journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) now stands at the precipice as a next-generation cell-free therapeutic tool to revolutionize modern-day medicine. This perspective provides a snapshot of the discovery of EVs to their emergence as a vibrant field of biology and the renaissance they usher in the field of biomedical sciences as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular pathologies. Rapid development of bioengineered EVs is providing innovative opportunities to overcome biological challenges of natural EVs such as potency, cargo loading and enhanced secretion, targeting and circulation half-life, localized and sustained delivery strategies, approaches to enhance systemic circulation, uptake and lysosomal escape, and logistical hurdles encompassing scalability, cost, and time. A multidisciplinary collaboration beyond the field of biology now extends to chemistry, physics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology, allowing rapid development of designer therapeutic EVs that are now entering late-stage human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
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15
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Zheng T, Li S, Zhang T, Fu W, Liu S, He Y, Wang X, Ma T. Exosome-shuttled miR-150-5p from LPS-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells down-regulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway via Irs1 to enhance M2 macrophage polarization and confer protection against sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397722. [PMID: 38957471 PMCID: PMC11217356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction and lack of effective measures in the current. Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reported to alleviate inflammation during sepsis, and the preconditioning of MSCs could enhance their paracrine potential. Therefore, this study investigated whether exosomes secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pretreated MSCs exert superior antiseptic effects, and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Exosomes were isolated and characterized from the supernatants of MSCs. The therapeutic efficacy of normal exosomes (Exo) and LPS-pretreated exosomes (LPS-Exo) were evaluated in terms of survival rates, inflammatory response, and organ damage in an LPS-induced sepsis model. Macrophages were stimulated with LPS and treated with Exo or LPS-Exo to confirm the results of the in vivo studies, and to explain the potential mechanisms. Results LPS-Exo were shown to inhibit aberrant pro-inflammatory cytokines, prevent organ damages, and improve survival rates of the septic mice to a greater extent than Exo. In vitro, LPS-Exo significantly promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages exposed to inflammation. miRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis identified the remarkable expression of miR-150-5p in LPS-Exo compared to that in Exo, and exosomal miR-150-5p was transferred into recipient macrophages and mediated macrophage polarization. Further investigation demonstrated that miR-150-5p targets Irs1 in recipient macrophages and subsequently modulates macrophage plasticity by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusion The current findings highly suggest that exosomes derived from LPS pre-conditioned MSCs represent a promising cell-free therapeutic method and highlight miR-150-5p as a novel molecular target for regulating immune hyperactivation during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sipeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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16
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Kodali MC, Salim C, Ismael S, Lebovitz SG, Lin G, Liao FF. Characterization of exosome-mediated propagation of systemic inflammatory responses into the Central Nervous System. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4423565. [PMID: 38883721 PMCID: PMC11177953 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4423565/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms through which systemic inflammation exerts its effect on the CNS are still not completely understood. Exosomes are small (30 to 100 nanometers) membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by most of the mammalian cells. Exosomes play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication. This includes regulation of inflammatory responses by shuttling mRNAs, miRNAs, and cytokines both locally and systemically to the neighboring as well as distant cells to further modulate their transcriptional and/or translational states and affect the functional phenotype of those cells that have taken up these exosomes. The role of circulating blood exosomes leading to neuroinflammation during systemic inflammatory conditions was further characterized. Serum-derived exosomes from LPS-challenged mice (SDEL) were freshly isolated from the sera of the mice that were earlier treated with LPS and used to study SDEL effects on neuroinflammation. Exosomes isolated from the sera of the mice injected with saline were used as a control. In-vitro studies showed that the SDEL upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the murine cell lines of microglia (BV-2), astrocytes (C8-D1A), and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3). To further study their effects in-vivo, SDEL were intravenously injected into normal adult mice. Elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in the brains of SDEL recipient mice. Proteomic analysis of the SDEL confirmed the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in them. Together, these results further demonstrate and strengthen the novel role of peripheral circulating exosomes in causing neuroinflammation during systemic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Grace Lebovitz
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine: The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine
| | - Geng Lin
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine: The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine
| | - Francesca-Fang Liao
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine: The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine
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17
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Li A, Xie J, Lv L, Zheng Z, Yang W, Zhuo W, Yang S, Cai D, Duan J, Liu P, Min J, Wei J. RPL9 acts as an oncogene by shuttling miRNAs through exosomes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2024; 64:58. [PMID: 38639179 PMCID: PMC11087036 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The exosomal pathway is an essential mechanism that regulates the abnormal content of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The directional transport of miRNAs requires the assistance of RNA‑binding proteins (RBPs). The present study found that RBPs participate in the regulation of miRNA content through the exosomal pathway in HCC cells. First, differential protein expression profiles in the serum exosomes of patients with HCC and benign liver disease were detected using mass spectrometry. The results revealed that ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9) was highly expressed in serum exosomes of patients with HCC. In addition, the downregulation of RPL9 markedly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells and reduced the biological activity of HCC‑derived exosomes. In addition, using miRNA microarrays, the changes in exosomal miRNA profiles in HCC cells caused by RPL9 knockdown were examined. miR‑24‑3p and miR‑185‑5p were most differentially expressed, as verified by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Additionally, using RNA immunoprecipitation, it was found that RPL9 was directly bound to the two miRNAs and immunofluorescence assays confirmed that RPL9 was able to carry miRNAs into recipient cells via exosomes. Overexpression of miR‑24‑3p in cells increased the accumulation of miR‑24‑3p in exosomes and simultaneously upregulated RPL9. Excessive expression of miR‑24‑3p in exosomes also increased their bioactivity. Exosome‑mediated miRNA regulation and transfer require the involvement of RBPs. RPL9 functions as an oncogene, can directly bind to specific miRNAs and can be co‑transported to receptor cells through exosomes, thereby exerting its biological functions. These findings provide a novel approach for modulating miRNA profiles in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Jiyan Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036
| | - Lihong Lv
- Clinical Trial Institution of Pharmaceuticals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Weibang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260
| | - Wenfeng Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 528406, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Diankui Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Jinxin Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Jun Min
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
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18
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Manni G, Gargaro M, Ricciuti D, Fontana S, Padiglioni E, Cipolloni M, Mazza T, Rosati J, di Veroli A, Mencarelli G, Pieroni B, Silva Barcelos EC, Scalisi G, Sarnari F, di Michele A, Pascucci L, de Franco F, Zelante T, Antognelli C, Cruciani G, Talesa VN, Romani R, Fallarino F. Amniotic fluid stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles educate type 2 conventional dendritic cells to rescue autoimmune disorders in a multiple sclerosis mouse model. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12446. [PMID: 38844736 PMCID: PMC11156524 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential orchestrators of immune responses and represent potential targets for immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases. Human amniotic fluid secretome is abundant in immunoregulatory factors, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) being a significant component. However, the impact of these EVs on dendritic cells subsets remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated the interaction between highly purified dendritic cell subsets and EVs derived from amniotic fluid stem cell lines (HAFSC-EVs). Our results suggest that HAFSC-EVs are preferentially taken up by conventional dendritic cell type 2 (cDC2) through CD29 receptor-mediated internalization, resulting in a tolerogenic DC phenotype characterized by reduced expression and production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, treatment of cDC2 cells with HAFSC-EVs in coculture systems resulted in a higher proportion of T cells expressing the regulatory T cell marker Foxp3 compared to vehicle-treated control cells. Moreover, transfer of HAFSC-EV-treated cDC2s into an EAE mouse model resulted in the suppression of autoimmune responses and clinical improvement. These results suggest that HAFSC-EVs may serve as a promising tool for reprogramming inflammatory cDC2s towards a tolerogenic phenotype and for controlling autoimmune responses in the central nervous system, representing a potential platform for the study of the effects of EVs in DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Manni
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Doriana Ricciuti
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D) School of MedicineUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | | | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Alessandra di Veroli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Alessandro di Michele
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Department of Physics and GeologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Rita Romani
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
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19
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Jiang Q, Liu Y, Si X, Wang L, Gui H, Tian J, Cui H, Jiang H, Dong W, Li B. Potential of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers for Oral Delivery of Active Phytoconstituents. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:431-454. [PMID: 38359948 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have the potential to serve as in vivo carriers for delivering active molecules. The biocompatibility advantages of EVs over artificial nanocarriers create new frontiers for delivering modern active molecules. Milk is a favorable source of EVs because of its high bioavailability, low immunogenicity, and commercial producibility. In this review, we analyzed the advantages of milk-derived EVs in the oral delivery of active molecules, discussed their research progress in delivering active phytoconstituents, and summarized the necessary technologies and critical unit operations required for the development of an oral delivery system based on EVs. The review aims to provide innovative ideas and fundamental quality control guidelines for developing the next-generation oral drug delivery system based on milk-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China;
| | - Yubo Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China;
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China;
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hailong Gui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China;
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China;
| | - Huijun Cui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China;
| | - Hongzhou Jiang
- Anhui Ziyue Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhu, China
| | - Wenjiang Dong
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China;
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20
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Sneider A, Liu Y, Starich B, Du W, Nair PR, Marar C, Faqih N, Ciotti GE, Kim JH, Krishnan S, Ibrahim S, Igboko M, Locke A, Lewis DM, Hong H, Karl MN, Vij R, Russo GC, Gómez-de-Mariscal E, Habibi M, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Gu L, Eisinger-Mathason TK, Wirtz D. Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Stiffness-mediated Metastasis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1240-1252. [PMID: 38630893 PMCID: PMC11080964 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Tissue stiffness is a critical prognostic factor in breast cancer and is associated with metastatic progression. Here we show an alternative and complementary hypothesis of tumor progression whereby physiologic matrix stiffness affects the quantity and protein cargo of small extracellular vesicles (EV) produced by cancer cells, which in turn aid cancer cell dissemination. Primary patient breast tissue released by cancer cells on matrices that model human breast tumors (25 kPa; stiff EVs) feature increased adhesion molecule presentation (ITGα2β1, ITGα6β4, ITGα6β1, CD44) compared with EVs from softer normal tissue (0.5 kPa; soft EVs), which facilitates their binding to extracellular matrix proteins including collagen IV, and a 3-fold increase in homing ability to distant organs in mice. In a zebrafish xenograft model, stiff EVs aid cancer cell dissemination. Moreover, normal, resident lung fibroblasts treated with stiff and soft EVs change their gene expression profiles to adopt a cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype. These findings show that EV quantity, cargo, and function depend heavily on the mechanical properties of the extracellular microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE Here we show that the quantity, cargo, and function of breast cancer-derived EVs vary with mechanical properties of the extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ying Liu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bartholomew Starich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wenxuan Du
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Praful R. Nair
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn Marar
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Najwa Faqih
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabrielle E. Ciotti
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joo Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sejal Krishnan
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Salma Ibrahim
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Muna Igboko
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexus Locke
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel M. Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanna Hong
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle N. Karl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raghav Vij
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabriella C. Russo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Estibaliz Gómez-de-Mariscal
- Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mehran Habibi
- Johns Hopkins Breast Center, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T.S. Karin Eisinger-Mathason
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Wang R, Shi Y, Lv Y, Xie C, Hu Y. The novel insights of epithelial-derived exosomes in various fibrotic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116591. [PMID: 38631144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of fibrosis include the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and abnormal tissue repair caused by injury, infection, and inflammation, leading to a significant increase in organ failure and mortality. Effective and precise treatments are urgently needed to halt and reverse the progression of fibrotic diseases. Exosomes are tiny vesicles derived from endosomes, spanning from 40 to 160 nanometers in diameter, which are expelled into the extracellular matrix environment by various cell types. They play a crucial role in facilitating cell-to-cell communication by transporting a variety of cargoes, including proteins, RNA, and DNA. Epithelial cells serve as the primary barrier against diverse external stimuli that precipitate fibrotic diseases. Numerous research suggests that exosomes from epithelial cells have a significant impact on several fibrotic diseases. An in-depth comprehension of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of epithelial cell-derived exosomes in fibrosis holds promise for advancing the exploration of novel diagnostic biomarkers and clinical drug targets. In this review, we expand upon the pathogenic mechanisms of epithelium-derived exosomes and highlight their role in the fibrotic process by inducing inflammation and activating fibroblasts. In addition, we are particularly interested in the bioactive molecules carried by epithelial-derived exosomes and their potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis and delineate the clinical utility of exosomes as an emerging therapeutic modality, highlighting their potential application in addressing various medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifu Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonglin Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yanjia Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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22
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Wang J, Shi R, Yin Y, Luo H, Cao Y, Lyu Y, Luo H, Zeng X, Wang D. Clinical significance of small extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1334592. [PMID: 38665948 PMCID: PMC11043544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1334592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy originating from the bile duct epithelium. It is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. The global incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is rising, and there is an urgent need for effective early diagnosis and treatment strategies to reduce the burden of this devastating tumor. Small extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microparticles, are nanoscale vesicles formed by membranes that are released both normally and pathologically from cells, mediating the intercellular transfer of substances and information. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of small extracellular vesicles in numerous biological processes, as well as the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. The present review summarizes the tumorigenic roles of small extracellular vesicles in the cholangiocarcinoma microenvironment. Owing to their unique composition, accessibility, and stability in biological fluids, small extracellular vesicles have emerged as ideal biomarkers for use in liquid biopsies for diagnosing and outcome prediction of cholangiocarcinoma. Specific tissue tropism, theoretical biocompatibility, low clearance, and strong biological barrier penetration of small extracellular vesicles make them suitable drug carriers for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the potential value of small extracellular vesicle-based therapies for cholangiocarcinoma is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Ruizi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yun Lyu
- Departmant of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Huiwen Luo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Xintao Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Decai Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
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23
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Wu J, Li Z, Wu Y, Cui N. The crosstalk between exosomes and ferroptosis: a review. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:170. [PMID: 38594265 PMCID: PMC11004161 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles composed of bioactive molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes are generated by the fusion of intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the cell membrane and subsequently released into the extracellular space to participate in intercellular communication and diverse biological processes within target cells. As a crucial mediator, exosomes have been implicated in regulating ferroptosis-an iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation induced by reactive oxygen species. The involvement of exosomes in iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism contributes to their regulatory role in specific mechanisms underlying how exosomes modulate ferroptosis, which remains incompletely understood, and some related studies are still preliminary. Therefore, targeting the regulation of ferroptosis by exosomes holds promise for future clinical treatment strategies across various diseases. This review aims to provide insights into the pathophysiology and mechanisms governing the interaction between exosomes and ferroptosis and their implications in disease development and treatment to serve as a reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Oncology Department of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- Oncology Department of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Cui
- Oncology Department of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Xu YP, Jiang T, Yang XF, Chen ZB. Methods, Mechanisms, and Application Prospects for Enhancing Extracellular Vesicle Uptake. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:247-260. [PMID: 38622425 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be a new generation of bioinspired nanoscale drug delivery systems due to their low immunogenicity, natural functionality, and excellent biocompatibility. However, limitations such as low uptake efficiency, insufficient production, and inhomogeneous performance undermine their potential. To address these issues, numerous researchers have put forward various methods and applications for enhancing EV uptake in recent decades. In this review, we introduce various methods for the cellular uptake of EVs and summarize recent advances on the methods and mechanisms for enhancing EV uptake. In addition, we provide further understanding regarding enhancing EV uptake and put forward prospects and challenges for the development of EV-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Peng Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhen-Bing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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25
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Huang Q, Zhong X, Li J, Hu R, Yi J, Sun J, Xu Y, Zhou X. Exosomal ncRNAs: Multifunctional contributors to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116409. [PMID: 38460375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant liver cancer characterized by aggressive progression, unfavorable prognosis, and an increasing global health burden. Therapies that precisely target immunological checkpoints and immune cells have gained significant attention as possible therapeutics in recent years. In truth, the efficacy of immunotherapy is heavily contingent upon the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have indicated that exosomes serve as a sophisticated means of communication among biomolecules, executing an essential part in the TME of immune suppression. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can induce the activation of tumor cells and immunosuppressive immune cells that suppress the immune system, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), CD+8 T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and regulatory B cells (Bregs). This cell-cell crosstalk triggered by exosomal ncRNAs promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis, angiogenesis, malignant phenotype transformation, and drug resistance. Hence, it is imperative to comprehend how exosomal ncRNAs regulate tumor cells or immune cells within the TME to devise more comprehensive and productive immunotherapy programs. This study discusses the features of exosomal ncRNAs in HCC and how the activation of the exosomes redefines the tumor's immunosuppressive microenvironment, hence facilitating the advancement of HCC. Furthermore, we also explored the potential of exosomal ncRNAs as a viable biological target or natural vehicle for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jinyu Yi
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China.
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China.
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26
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Yin T, Wang N, Jia F, Wu Y, Gao L, Zhang J, Hou R. Exosome-based WTAP siRNA delivery ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114218. [PMID: 38367759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is the primary cause of postischemicheartfailure. The increased expression of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has been implicated in MI/R injury, although the detailed mechanism remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we observed the up-regulation of the m6A mRNA methylation complex component Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) in MI/R mice, which led to the m6A modification of TXNIP mRNA and an increase in mRNA abundance. Knock-down of WTAP resulted in a significant reduction in the m6A level of TXNIP mRNA and down-regulated TXNIP expression. Moreover, exosomes engineered with ischemic myocardium-targeting peptide (IMTP) were able to deliver WTAP siRNA into ischemic myocardial tissues, resulting in a specific gene knockdown and myocardial protection. In summary, our findings demonstrate that the WTAP-TXNIP regulatory axis plays a significant role in postischemicheartfailure, and the use of engineered exosomes targeting the ischemic heart shows promise as a strategy for siRNA therapy to protect the heart from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongrong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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27
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Giri BR, Li S, Cheng G. Exogenous modification of EL-4 T cell extracellular vesicles with miR-155 induce macrophage into M1-type polarization. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:934-944. [PMID: 37817019 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promising potential to be used as therapeutics, disease biomarkers, and drug delivery vehicles. We aimed to modify EVs with miR-155 to modulate macrophage immune response that can be potentially used against infectious diseases. Primarily, we characterized T cells (EL-4) EVs by several standardized techniques and confirmed that the EVs could be used for experimental approaches. The bioactivities of the isolated EVs were confirmed by the uptake assessment, and the results showed that target cells can successfully uptake EVs. To standardize the loading protocol by electroporation for effective biological functionality, we chose fluorescently labelled miR-155 mimics because of its important roles in the immune regulations to upload them into EVs. The loading procedure showed that the dosage of 1 µg of miRNA mimics can be efficiently loaded to the EVs at 100 V, further confirmed by flow cytometry. The functional assay by incubating these modified EVs (mEVs) with in vitro cultured cells led to an increased abundance of miR-155 and decreased the expressions of its target genes such as TSHZ3, Jarid2, ZFP652, and WWC1. Further evaluation indicated that these mEVs induced M1-type macrophage polarization with increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS expression. The bioavailability analysis revealed that mEVs could be detected in tissues of the livers. Overall, our study demonstrated that EVs can be engineered with miR-155 of interest to modulate the immune response that may have implications against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R Giri
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 500 Zhen-Nan Road, Shanghai, 200311, China
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India
| | - Shun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 500 Zhen-Nan Road, Shanghai, 200311, China.
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28
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Sneider A, Liu Y, Starich B, Du W, Marar C, Faqih N, Ciotti GE, Kim JH, Krishnan S, Ibrahim S, Igboko M, Locke A, Lewis DM, Hong H, Karl M, Vij R, Russo GC, Nair P, Gómez-de-Mariscal E, Habibi M, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Gu L, Eisinger-Mathason TSK, Wirtz D. Small extracellular vesicles promote stiffness-mediated metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.01.545937. [PMID: 37425743 PMCID: PMC10327142 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.545937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue stiffness is a critical prognostic factor in breast cancer and is associated with metastatic progression. Here we show an alternative and complementary hypothesis of tumor progression whereby physiological matrix stiffness affects the quantity and protein cargo of small EVs produced by cancer cells, which in turn drive their metastasis. Primary patient breast tissue produces significantly more EVs from stiff tumor tissue than soft tumor adjacent tissue. EVs released by cancer cells on matrices that model human breast tumors (25 kPa; stiff EVs) feature increased adhesion molecule presentation (ITGα 2 β 1 , ITGα 6 β 4 , ITGα 6 β 1 , CD44) compared to EVs from softer normal tissue (0.5 kPa; soft EVs), which facilitates their binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen IV, and a 3-fold increase in homing ability to distant organs in mice. In a zebrafish xenograft model, stiff EVs aid cancer cell dissemination through enhanced chemotaxis. Moreover, normal, resident lung fibroblasts treated with stiff and soft EVs change their gene expression profiles to adopt a cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. These findings show that EV quantity, cargo, and function depend heavily on the mechanical properties of the extracellular microenvironment.
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29
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He Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Liu B, Shao X, Fang D, Lin J, Liu N, Lou Y, Qin J, Jiang Q, Guo B. Elimination of Senescent Osteocytes by Bone-Targeting Delivery of β-Galactose-Modified Maytansinoid Prevents Age-Related Bone Loss. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302972. [PMID: 38063283 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells in bone during aging contributes to senile osteoporosis, and clearance of senescent cells by senolytics could effectively alleviate bone loss. However, the applications of senolytics are limited due to their potential toxicities. Herein, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been modified by incorporating bone-targeting peptide, specifically (AspSerSer)6, to encapsulate galactose-modified Maytansinoids (DM1). These modified vesicles are referred to as (AspSerSer)6-sEVs/DM1-Gal, and they have been designed to specifically clear the senescent osteocytes in bone tissue. In addition, the elevated activity of lysosomal β-galactosidase in senescent osteocytes, but not normal cells in bone tissue, could break down DM1-Gal to release free DM1 for selective elimination of senescent osteocytes. Mechanically, DM1 could disrupt tubulin polymerization, subsequently inducing senescent osteocytes apoptosis. Further, administration of bone-targeting senolytics to aged mice could alleviate aged-related bone loss without non-obvious toxicity. Overall, this bone-targeting senolytics could act as a novel candidate for specific clearance of senescent osteocytes, ameliorating age-related bone loss, with a promising therapeutic potential for senile osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Depeng Fang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Jiaquan Lin
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Na Liu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yabing Lou
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Jianghui Qin
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
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Zhao Q, Zhang X, Li Y, He Z, Qin K, Buhl EM, Mert Ü, Horst K, Hildebrand F, Balmayor ER, Greven J. Porcine Mandibular Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BMSC)-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Can Promote the Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity of Porcine Tibial-Derived BMSCs. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:279. [PMID: 38399333 PMCID: PMC10893405 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Existing research suggests that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may promote endogenous bone repair. This may be through the secretion of factors that stimulate repair processes or directly through differentiation into osteoblast-progenitor cells. However, the osteogenic potential of BMSCs varies among different tissue sources (e.g., mandibular versus long BMSCs). The main aim of this study was to investigate the difference in osteogenic differentiation capacity between mandibular BMSCs (mBMSCs) and tibial BMSCs (tBMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioinformatics analysis of the GSE81430 dataset taken from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was performed using GEO2R. BMSCs were isolated from mandibular and tibial bone marrow tissue samples. Healthy pigs (n = 3) (registered at the State Office for Nature, Environment, and Consumer Protection, North Rhine-Westphalia (LANUV) 81-02.04.2020.A215) were used for this purpose. Cell morphology and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated in mBMSCs and tBMSCs. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively. In addition, mBMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (mBMSC-EVs) were gained and used as osteogenic stimuli for tBMSCs. Cell morphology and osteogenic differentiation capacity were assessed after mBMSC-EV stimulation. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the difference in the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway was more pronounced compared to all other examined genes. Specifically, this demonstrated significant downregulation, whereas only 5-7 upregulated genes displayed significant variances. The mBMSC group showed stronger osteogenic differentiation capacity compared to the tBMSC group, confirmed via ALP, ARS, and von Kossa staining. Furthermore, qPCR and WB analysis revealed a significant decrease in the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the mBMSC group compared to the tBMSC group (TLR4 fold changes: mBMSCs vs. tBMSCs p < 0.05; NF-κB fold changes: mBMSCs vs. tBMSCs p < 0.05). The osteogenic differentiation capacity was enhanced, and qPCR and WB analysis revealed a significant decrease in the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the tBMSC group with mBMSC-EVs added compared to tBMSCs alone (TLR4 fold changes: p < 0.05; NF-κB fold changes: p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that mBMSC-EVs can promote the osteogenic differentiation of tBMSCs in vitro. The results also provide insights into the osteogenic mechanism of mBMSCs via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. This discovery promises a fresh perspective on the treatment of bone fractures or malunions, potentially offering a novel therapeutic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Xing Zhang
- Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - You Li
- Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhizhen He
- Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kang Qin
- Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology and Medical Clinic II, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ümit Mert
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth R. Balmayor
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Greven
- Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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AboulFotouh K, Almanza G, Yu YS, Joyce R, Davenport GJ, Cano C, Williams Iii RO, Zanetti M, Cui Z. Inhalable dry powders of microRNA-laden extracellular vesicles prepared by thin-film freeze-drying. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123757. [PMID: 38160992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous vesicles that comprise a variety of submicron vesicular structures. Among these, exosomes have been widely investigated as delivery systems for small and large molecules. Herein, the thin-film freeze-drying technology was utilized to engineer aerosolizable dry powders of miR-335-laden induced EVs (iEV-335) generated in B cells for potential delivery into the lung to treat primary lung cancer and/or pulmonary metastases. The size distribution, structure, and morphology of iEV-335 were preserved after they were subjected to thin-film freeze-drying with the proper excipients. Importantly, iEV-335, in liquid or reconstituted from thin-film freeze-dried powders, were equally effective in downregulating SOX4 gene expression in LM2 human triple-negative mammary cancer cells. The iEV-335 dry powder compositions showed mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) of around 1.2 µm with > 60 % of the emitted doses had an MMAD of ≤ 3 µm, indicating that the powders can potentially achieve efficient deposition within the alveolar region following oral inhalation, which is desirable for treatment of primary lung cancer and pulmonary metastases. Overall, it is concluded that it is feasible to apply thin-film freeze-drying to prepare aerosolizable dry powders of iEVs for pulmonary delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AboulFotouh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gonzalo Almanza
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; FutuRNA Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Yu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Robert Joyce
- FutuRNA Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gregory J Davenport
- TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1751 River Run, Suite 400, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Chris Cano
- TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1751 River Run, Suite 400, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert O Williams Iii
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; FutuRNA Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Asfiya R, Xu L, Paramanantham A, Kabytaev K, Chernatynskaya A, McCully G, Yang H, Srivastava A. Physio-chemical Modifications to Re-engineer Small Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Anticancer Therapeutics Delivery and Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:697-722. [PMID: 38241003 PMCID: PMC10956554 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer theranostics developed through nanoengineering applications are essential for targeted oncologic interventions in the new era of personalized and precision medicine. Recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as an attractive nanoengineering platform for tumor-directed anticancer therapeutic delivery and imaging of malignant tumors. These natural nanoparticles have multiple advantages over synthetic nanoparticle-based delivery systems, such as intrinsic targeting ability, less immunogenicity, and a prolonged circulation time. Since the inception of sEVs as a viable replacement for liposomes (synthetic nanoparticles) as a drug delivery vehicle, many studies have attempted to further the therapeutic efficacy of sEVs. This article discusses engineering strategies for sEVs using physical and chemical methods to enhance their anticancer therapeutic delivery performance. We review physio-chemical techniques of effective therapeutic loading into sEV, sEV surface engineering for targeted entry of therapeutics, and its cancer environment sensitive release inside the cells/organ. Next, we also discuss the novel hybrid sEV systems developed by a combination of sEVs with lipid and metal nanoparticles to garner each component's benefits while overcoming their drawbacks. The article extensively analyzes multiple sEV labeling techniques developed and investigated for live tracking or imaging sEVs. Finally, we discuss the theranostic potential of engineered sEVs in future cancer care regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Lei Xu
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Kuanysh Kabytaev
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Anna Chernatynskaya
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Grace McCully
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Centre, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
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Jung I, Shin S, Baek MC, Yea K. Modification of immune cell-derived exosomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: current advances and therapeutic applications. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:19-31. [PMID: 38172594 PMCID: PMC10834411 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the approach to cancer treatment of malignant tumors by harnessing the body's immune system to selectively target cancer cells. Despite remarkable advances, there are still challenges in achieving successful clinical responses. Recent evidence suggests that immune cell-derived exosomes modulate the immune system to generate effective antitumor immune responses, making them a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. However, natural exosomes are limited in clinical application due to their low drug delivery efficiency and insufficient antitumor capacity. Technological advancements have allowed exosome modifications to magnify their intrinsic functions, load different therapeutic cargoes, and preferentially target tumor sites. These engineered exosomes exert potent antitumor effects and have great potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe ingenious modification strategies to attain the desired performance. Moreover, we systematically summarize the tumor-controlling properties of engineered immune cell-derived exosomes in innate and adaptive immunity. Collectively, this review provides a comprehensive and intuitive guide for harnessing the potential of modified immune cell-derived exosome-based approaches, offering valuable strategies to enhance and optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Jung
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 43024, Republic of Korea.
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Noguchi S, Tozawa S, Sakurai T, Ohkuchi A, Takahashi H, Fujiwara H, Takizawa T. BeWo exomeres are enriched for bioactive extracellular placenta-specific C19MC miRNAs. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104187. [PMID: 38199177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are carriers of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs). Exomeres, non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs), are novel extracellular cargo carriers. However, little is known of the characteristics of placental trophoblast-derived exomeres. In this study, we characterized trophoblast-derived exomeres and investigated the cell-cell communication of placenta-specific miRNAs carried by those exomeres using an in vitro model system (BeWo trophoblasts and Jurkat T cells). BeWo exomeres (∼ 40 nm diameter) had pilling-like nanoparticle structures, which were distinct from cup-shaped exosomes (∼ 90-110 nm diameter). BeWo cells secreted more exomeres than exosomes. Exomeres were positive for AGO2 but negative for exosome markers (CD63, CD9, CD81, FLOT1, and TSG101). The levels of placenta-specific miRNAs in exomeres were significantly higher than in exosomes. In a cell-cell communication analysis using a placenta-specific miRNA, BeWo exomeres delivered significantly more miR-517a-3p to recipient Jurkat cells compared with exosomes. Moreover, exomere-miR-517a-3p significantly reduced the expression of PRKG1 in miR-517a-3p-inhibitor (-) Jurkat cells compared with miR-517a-3p-inhibitor (+) cells, suggesting that miR-517a-3p inhibition reversed the exomere-miR-517a-3p-mediated repression of PRKG1 expression in recipient cells. Therefore, BeWo trophoblast exomeres are enriched with bioactive extracellular placenta-specific miRNAs, which were formerly considered to be carried by exosomes. Our findings provide insight into trophoblast-derived NVEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunya Noguchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Shohei Tozawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takanobu Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
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Mattera V, Occhiuzzi F, Correale J, Pasquini JM. Remyelinating effect driven by transferrin-loaded extracellular vesicles. Glia 2024; 72:338-361. [PMID: 37860913 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in diverse cellular functions, playing a significant role in cell-to-cell communication in both physiological conditions and pathological scenarios. Therefore, EVs represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating glial cells developed from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and damaged in chronic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Glycoprotein transferrin (Tf) plays a critical role in iron homeostasis and has pro-differentiating effects on OLs in vivo and in vitro. In the current work, we evaluated the use of EVs as transporters of Tf to the central nervous system (CNS) through the intranasal (IN) route. For the in vitro mechanistic studies, we used rat plasma EVs. Our results show that EVTf enter OPCs through clathrin-caveolae and cholesterol-rich lipid raft endocytic pathways, releasing the cargo and exerting a pro-maturation effect on OPCs. These effects were also observed in vivo using the animal model of demyelination induced by cuprizone (CPZ). In this model, IN administered Tf-loaded EVs isolated from mouse plasma reached the brain parenchyma, internalizing into OPCs, promoting their differentiation, and accelerating remyelination. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs protected the Tf cargo and significantly reduced the amount of Tf required to induce remyelination as compared to soluble Tf. Collectively, these findings unveil EVs as functional nanocarriers of Tf to induce remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Occhiuzzi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Correale
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chatterjee S, Kordbacheh R, Sin J. Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses. Microorganisms 2024; 12:274. [PMID: 38399678 PMCID: PMC10892846 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-enclosed structures that have gained much attention from researchers across varying scientific fields in the past few decades. Cells secrete diverse types of EVs into the extracellular milieu which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. These EVs play a crucial role in facilitating intracellular communication via the transport of proteins, lipids, DNA, rRNA, and miRNAs. It is well known that a number of viruses hijack several cellular pathways involved in EV biogenesis to aid in their replication, assembly, and egress. On the other hand, EVs can also trigger host antiviral immune responses by carrying immunomodulatory molecules and viral antigens on their surface. Owing to this intricate relationship between EVs and viruses, intriguing studies have identified various EV-mediated viral infections and interrogated how EVs can alter overall viral spread and longevity. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the EV-virus relationship, and details various modes of EV-mediated viral spread in the context of clinically relevant enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon Sin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 1325 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA; (S.C.); (R.K.)
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Martínez-Santos M, Ybarra M, Oltra M, Muriach M, Romero FJ, Pires ME, Sancho-Pelluz J, Barcia JM. Role of Exosomal miR-205-5p Cargo in Angiogenesis and Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:934. [PMID: 38256008 PMCID: PMC10815498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) represent a pivotal component in intercellular communication, carrying a diverse array of biomolecules. Several factors can affect sEVs release dynamics, as occurs in hyperglycemia or inflammation. In fact, sEVs release has been associated with the promotion of physio-pathological processes. Among the sEVs cargo, microRNAs play an essential role in cell-to-cell regulation. More concretely, miR-205-5p is related to angiogenesis and cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to understand the specific role of sEVs containing miR-205-5p under high glucose conditions. ARPE-19 cells were cultured with high glucose (HG) for 5 days. sEVs were isolated and characterized. sEVs from ARPE-19 were used for angiogenesis and cell proliferation. HG increased sEVs release but downregulated miR-205-5p cargo expression compared to the control. sEVs from HG-treated ARPE-19 cells promoted tube formation and migration processes. In contrast, miR-205-5p overexpression (by mimic transfection) decreased angiogenesis and cell migration. Our results demonstrate how ARPE-19 cells respond to HG challenge by increasing sEVs with weak miR-205-5p cargo. The absence of this miRNA in sEVs is enough to promote angiogenesis. In contrast, restoring sEVs-miR-205-5p levels decreased it. These findings open new possibilities in sEVs-based therapies containing miR-205-5p against angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martínez-Santos
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Ybarra
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Oltra
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Muriach
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Jaime I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12006 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Romero
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Maria E. Pires
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge M. Barcia
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Kesidou D, Bennett M, Monteiro JP, McCracken IR, Klimi E, Rodor J, Condie A, Cowan S, Caporali A, Wit JBM, Mountford JC, Brittan M, Beqqali A, Baker AH. Extracellular vesicles from differentiated stem cells contain novel proangiogenic miRNAs and induce angiogenic responses at low doses. Mol Ther 2024; 32:185-203. [PMID: 38096818 PMCID: PMC10787168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from healthy endothelial cells (ECs) have shown potential for promoting angiogenesis, but their therapeutic efficacy remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that transplantation of a human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cell product (hESC-ECP), promotes new vessel formation in acute ischemic disease in mice, likely via paracrine mechanism(s). Here, we demonstrated that EVs from hESC-ECPs (hESC-eEVs) significantly increased EC tube formation and wound closure in vitro at ultralow doses, whereas higher doses were ineffective. More important, EVs isolated from the mesodermal stage of the differentiation (hESC-mEVs) had no effect. Small RNA sequencing revealed that hESC-eEVs have a unique transcriptomic profile and are enriched in known proangiogenic microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). Moreover, an in silico analysis identified three novel hESC-eEV-miRNAs with potential proangiogenic function. Differential expression analysis suggested that two of those, miR-4496 and miR-4691-5p, are highly enriched in hESC-eEVs. Overexpression of miR-4496 or miR-4691-5p resulted in increased EC tube formation and wound closure in vitro, validating the novel proangiogenic function of these miRNAs. In summary, we demonstrated that hESC-eEVs are potent inducers of EC angiogenic response at ultralow doses and contain a unique EV-associated miRNA repertoire, including miR-4496 and miR-4691-5p, with novel proangiogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Kesidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Matthew Bennett
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - João P Monteiro
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian R McCracken
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Eftychia Klimi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Julie Rodor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alison Condie
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Scott Cowan
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jan B M Wit
- Mirabilis Therapeutics BV, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; CARIM Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht 6229HX, the Netherlands.
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Wies Mancini VSB, Mattera VS, Pasquini JM, Pasquini LA, Correale JD. Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles in homeostasis and demyelination/remyelination processes. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3-25. [PMID: 38055776 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia (MG) play a crucial role as the predominant myeloid cells in the central nervous system and are commonly activated in multiple sclerosis. They perform essential functions under normal conditions, such as actively surveying the surrounding parenchyma, facilitating synaptic remodeling, engulfing dead cells and debris, and protecting the brain against infectious pathogens and harmful self-proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that originate from intracellular endocytic trafficking or the plasma membrane. They are released by cells into the extracellular space and can be found in various bodily fluids. EVs have recently emerged as a communication mechanism between cells, enabling the transfer of functional proteins, lipids, different RNA species, and even fragments of DNA from donor cells. MG act as both source and recipient of EVs. Consequently, MG-derived EVs are involved in regulating synapse development and maintaining homeostasis. These EVs also directly influence astrocytes, significantly increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, resulting in a robust inflammatory response. Furthermore, EVs derived from inflammatory MG have been found to inhibit remyelination, whereas Evs produced by pro-regenerative MG effectively promote myelin repair. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of MG-derived Evs, their impact on neighboring cells, and the cellular microenvironment in normal conditions and pathological states, specifically focusing on demyelination and remyelination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S B Wies Mancini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V S Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J D Correale
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Xie Q, Hao Y, Li N, Song H, Chen X, Zhou Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li H, Han P, Wang X. Cellular Uptake of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: Biomechanisms, Engineered Strategies, and Disease Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302280. [PMID: 37812035 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-enclosed nanosized membrane vesicles, are regarded as new vehicles and therapeutic agents in intercellular communication. During internal circulation, if EVs are not effectively taken up by recipient cells, they will be cleared as "cellular waste" and unable to deliver therapeutic components. It can be seen that cells uptake EVs are the prerequisite premise for sharing intercellular biological information. However, natural EVs have a low rate of absorption by their recipient cells, off-target delivery, and rapid clearance from circulation, which seriously reduces the utilization rate. Affecting the uptake rate of EVs through engineering technologies is essential for therapeutic applications. Engineering strategies for customizing EV uptake can potentially overcome these limitations and enable desirable therapeutic uses of EVs. In this review, the mechanism and influencing factors of natural EV uptake will be described in detail. Targeting each EV uptake mechanism, the strategies of engineered EVs and their application in diseases will be emphatically discussed. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives of engineered EVs are presented multidimensionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpeng Xie
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yujia Hao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Na Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Haoyue Song
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zilan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huifei Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Pengcheng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Sun Y, Liu Q, Qin Y, Xu Y, Zhao J, Xie Y, Li C, Qin T, Jin Y, Jiang L, Cao Y, Lu H, Hu J. Exosomes derived from CD271 +CD56 + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell subpopoulation identified by single-cell RNA sequencing promote axon regeneration after spinal cord injury. Theranostics 2024; 14:510-527. [PMID: 38169566 PMCID: PMC10758065 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neural tissue damage. However, the limited regenerative capacity of adult mammals' axons upon SCI leads to persistent neurological dysfunction. Thus, exploring the pathways that can enhance axon regeneration in injured spinal cord is of great significance. Methods: Through the utilization of single-cell RNA sequencing in this research, a distinct subpopulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) that exhibits the capacity to facilitate axon regeneration has been discovered. Subsequently, the CD271+CD56+ BMSCs subpopulation was isolated using flow cytometry, and the exosomes derived from this subpopulation (CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos) were extracted and incorporated into a hydrogel to create a sustained release system. The aim was to investigate the therapeutic effects of CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in promoting axon regeneration and neural function recovery. Results: The findings indicate that CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos share similar physical and chemical properties with conventional exosomes. Importantly, in an SCI model, in situ implantation of CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos hydrogel resulted in increased expression of NF and synaptophysin, markers associated with axon regeneration and synapse formation, respectively. This intervention also contributed to improved neural function recovery. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos treatment significantly enhanced axon extension distance and increased the number of branches in dorsal root ganglion axons. Moreover, further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos-mediated axon regeneration revealed the crucial involvement of the miR-431-3p/RGMA axis. Conclusion: In summary, the implantation of CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos hydrogel presents a promising and effective therapeutic approach for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Quanbo Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, China
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Ahmed W, Huang S, Chen L. Engineered exosomes derived from stem cells: a new brain-targeted strategy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:91-110. [PMID: 38258509 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2306877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using engineered exosomes produced from stem cells is an experimental therapeutic approach for treating brain diseases. According to reports, preclinical research has demonstrated notable neurogenesis and angiogenesis effects using modified stem cell-derived exosomes. These biological nanoparticles have a variety of anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that make them very promising for treating nervous system disorders. AREAS COVERED This review examines different ways to enhance the delivery of modified stem cell-derived exosomes, how they infiltrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and how they facilitate their access to the brain. We would also like to determine whether these nanoparticles have the most significant transmission rates through BBB when targeting brain lesions. EXPERT OPINION Using engineered stem cell-derived exosomes for treating brain disorders has generated considerable attention toward clinical research and application. However, stem cell-derived exosomes lack consistency, and their mechanisms of action are uncertain. Therefore, upcoming research needs to prioritize examining the underlying mechanisms and strategies via which these nanoparticles combat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songze Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wang Y, Xiao T, Zhao C, Li G. The Regulation of Exosome Generation and Function in Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:255. [PMID: 38203424 PMCID: PMC10779122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle with a diameter of approximately 100 nm that is secreted by all cells, regulate the phenotype and function of recipient cells by carrying molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids and are important mediators of intercellular communication. Exosomes are involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as immunomodulation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Due to their excellent properties, exosomes have shown their potential application in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease. The functions of exosomes depend on their biogenesis, uptake, and composition. Thus, a deeper understanding of these processes and regulatory mechanisms can help to find new targets for disease diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, this review summarizes and integrates the recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of the entire biological process of exosomes, starting from the formation of early-sorting endosomes (ESCs) by plasma membrane invagination to the release of exosomes by fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane, as well as the regulatory process of the interactions between exosomes and recipient cells. We also describe and discuss the regulatory mechanisms of exosome production in tumor cells and the potential of exosomes used in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (T.X.); (C.Z.)
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Kim G, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Jeon H, Wang Y. Fluorescent Chiral Quantum Dots to Unveil Origin-Dependent Exosome Uptake and Cargo Release. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572689. [PMID: 38187632 PMCID: PMC10769435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. Yet, it is challenging to apply exosomes in clinical use due to the limited understanding of their physiological functions. While cellular uptake of exosomes is generally known through endocytosis and/or membrane fusion, the mechanisms of origin-dependent cellular uptake and subsequent cargo release of exosomes into recipient cells are still unclear. Herein, we investigated the intricate mechanisms of exosome entry into recipient cells and the intracellular cargo release. In this study, we utilized chiral graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as representatives of exosomal cargo, taking advantage of the superior permeability of chiral GQDs into lipid membranes, as well as their excellent optical properties for tracking analysis. We observed a higher uptake rate of exosomes in their parental recipient cells. However, these exosomes were predominantly entrapped in lysosomes through endocytosis (intraspecies endocytic uptake). On the other hand, in non-parental recipient cells, exosomes exhibited a greater inclination for cellular uptake through membrane fusion, followed by direct cargo release into the cytosol (cross-species direct fusion uptake). We revealed the underlying mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake and the subsequent cargo release of exosomes depending on their cell-of-origin and recipient cell types. This study envisions valuable insights into further advancements in the effective drug delivery using exosomes, as well as a comprehensive understanding of cellular communication, including disease pathogenesis.
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Hioki KA, Ryan DJ, Thesmar I, Lynch AC, Pobezinsky LA, Pobezinskaya EL. The mosquito effect: regulatory and effector T cells acquire cytoplasmic material from tumor cells through intercellular transfer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272918. [PMID: 38179041 PMCID: PMC10765531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of intercellular transfer of cellular material, including membranes, cytoplasm, and even organelles, has been observed for decades. The functional impact and molecular mechanisms of such transfer in the immune system remain largely elusive due to the absence of a robust in vivo model. Here, we introduce a new tumor mouse model, where tumor cells express the soluble ultra-bright fluorescent protein ZsGreen, which allows detection and measurement of intercellular transfer of cytoplasm from tumor cells to infiltrating immune cells. We found that in addition to various types of myeloid lineage cells, a large fraction of T regulatory cells and effector CD8 T cells acquire tumor material. Based on the distribution of tumor-derived ZsGreen, the majority of T cells integrate captured cytoplasm into their own, while most myeloid cells store tumor material in granules. Furthermore, scRNA-seq analysis revealed significant alterations in transcriptomes of T cells that acquired tumor cell cytoplasm, suggesting potential impact on T cell function. We identified that the participation of T cells in intercellular transfer requires cell-cell contact and is strictly dependent on the activation status of T lymphocytes. Finally, we propose to name the described phenomenon of intercellular transfer for tumor infiltrating T cells the "mosquito effect".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito A. Hioki
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- UMass Biotech Training Program (BTP), University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Ryan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Iris Thesmar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Adam C. Lynch
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Leonid A. Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Elena L. Pobezinskaya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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Ávila Morales G, De Leonardis D, Filipe J, Furioso Ferreira R, Agazzi A, Sauerwein H, Comi M, Mrljak V, Lecchi C, Ceciliani F. Porcine milk exosomes modulate the immune functions of CD14 + monocytes in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21447. [PMID: 38052991 PMCID: PMC10698175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate near and long-distance intercellular communication by transferring their molecular cargo to recipient cells, altering their biological response. Milk exosomes (MEx) are internalized by immune cells and exert immunomodulatory functions in vitro. Porcine MEx can accumulate in the small intestine, rich in macrophages. No information is available on the immunomodulatory ability of porcine MEx on porcine monocytes, which are known precursors of gut macrophages. Therefore, this study aims at (1) assessing the in vitro uptake of porcine MEx by porcine monocytes (CD14+), and (2) evaluating the in vitro impact of porcine MEx on porcine monocytes immune functions. MEx were purified by ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. The monocytes' internalization of PKH26-labeled MEx was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Monocytes were incubated with increasing exosome concentrations and their apoptosis and viability were measured. Lastly, the ability of MEx to modulate the cells' immune activities was evaluated by measuring monocytes' phagocytosis, the capacity of killing bacteria, chemotaxis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. MEx were internalized by porcine monocytes in vitro. They also decreased their chemotaxis and phagocytosis, and increased ROS production. Altogether, this study provides insights into the role that MEx might play in pigs' immunity by demonstrating that MEx are internalized by porcine monocytes in vitro and exert immunomodulatory effects on inflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ávila Morales
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Daria De Leonardis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Rafaela Furioso Ferreira
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alessandro Agazzi
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Alimentary Security, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcello Comi
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Han W, Zhang H, Feng L, Dang R, Wang J, Cui C, Jiang P. The emerging role of exosomes in communication between the periphery and the central nervous system. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e410. [PMID: 37916034 PMCID: PMC10616655 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-enclosed vesicles, are secreted by all types of cells. Exosomes can transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and microRNAs, and can be circulated to various recipient cells, leading to the production of local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Numerous studies have proved that exosomes can pass through the blood-brain barrier, thus, enabling the transfer of peripheral substances into the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, exosomes may be a vital factor in the exchange of information between the periphery and CNS. This review will discuss the structure, biogenesis, and functional characterization of exosomes and summarize the role of peripheral exosomes deriving from tissues like the lung, gut, skeletal muscle, and various stem cell types in communicating with the CNS and influencing the brain's function. Then, we further discuss the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes in brain diseases and the clinical opportunities and challenges. Gaining a clearer insight into the communication between the CNS and the external areas of the body will help us to ascertain the role of the peripheral elements in the maintenance of brain health and illness and will facilitate the design of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosing and treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Han
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
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Szatmári T, Balázs K, Csordás IB, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Effect of radiotherapy on the DNA cargo and cellular uptake mechanisms of extracellular vesicles. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1191-1213. [PMID: 37347291 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, plenty of evidence has gathered pointing to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by irradiated cells in the development of radiation-induced non-targeted effects. EVs are complex natural structures composed of a phospholipid bilayer which are secreted by virtually all cells and carry bioactive molecules. They can travel certain distances in the body before being taken up by recipient cells. In this review we discuss the role and fate of EVs in tumor cells and highlight the importance of DNA specimens in EVs cargo in the context of radiotherapy. The effect of EVs depends on their cargo, which reflects physiological and pathological conditions of donor cell types, but also depends on the mode of EV uptake and mechanisms involved in the route of EV internalization. While the secretion and cargo of EVs from irradiated cells has been extensively studied in recent years, their uptake is much less understood. In this review, we will focus on recent knowledge regarding the EV uptake of cancer cells and the effect of radiation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Balázs
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
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Zhang X, Ding P, Chen Y, Lin Z, Zhao X, Xie H. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel to promote fractional laser injury wound healing. Int Wound J 2023; 20:4040-4049. [PMID: 37429607 PMCID: PMC10681517 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel are beneficial in promoting healing of laser-injured skin wounds in mice. Supernatants of cultured human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) were collected to obtain human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes (HUC-MSCs-Exos), which were combined with GelMA hydrogel complex to treat a mouse fractional laser injury model. The study was divided into PBS group, EX (HUC-MSCs-Exos) group, GEL (GelMA hydrogel) group and EX+GEL (HUC-MSCs-Exos combined with GelMA hydrogel) group. The healing of laser-injured skin in each group was observed by gross view and dermatoscopy, and changes in skin structure, angiogenesis and proliferation-related indexes were observed during the healing process of laser-injured skin in each group. The results of the animal experiments showed that the EX and GEL groups alone and the EL+EX group exhibited less inflammatory response compared to the PBS group. The EX and GEL groups showed marked tissue proliferation and favourable angiogenesis, which promoted the wound healing well. The GEL+EX group had the most significant promotion of wound healing compared to the PBS group. qPCR results showed that the expression levels of proliferation-related factors, including KI67 and VEGF and angiogenesis-related factor CD31, were significantly higher in the GEL+EX group than in the other groups, with a time-dependent effect. The combination of HUC-MSCs-Exos and GelMA hydrogel is beneficial in reducing the early inflammatory response of laser-injured skin in mice and promoting its proliferation and angiogenesis, which in turn promotes wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Pengbing Ding
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyu Lin
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xun Zhao
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hongbin Xie
- Department of Plastic SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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Chen J, Zhang G, Wan Y, Xia B, Ni Q, Shan S, Hu Z, Liang XJ. Immune cell-derived exosomes as promising tools for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 364:508-528. [PMID: 37939852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with a size of 30-150 nm secreted by living cells. They are vital players in cellular communication as they can transport proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and etc. Immune cell-derived exosomes (imEXOs) have great potential for tumor therapy because they have many of the same functions as their parent cells. Especially, imEXOs display unique constitutive characteristics that are directly involved in tumor therapy. Herein, we begin by the biogenesis, preparation, characterization and cargo loading strategies of imEXOs. Next, we focus on therapeutic potentials of imEXOs from different kinds of immune cells against cancer from preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we discuss advantages of engineered imEXOs and potential risks of imEXOs in cancer treatment. The advantages of engineered imEXOs are highlighted, including selective killing effect, effective tumor targeting, effective lymph node targeting, immune activation and regulation, and good biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yichen Wan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bozhang Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Qiankun Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Shaobo Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhongbo Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
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