1
|
Zhang Y, Morris R, Brown GJ, Lorenzo AMD, Meng X, Kershaw NJ, Kiridena P, Burgio G, Gross S, Cappello JY, Shen Q, Wang H, Turnbull C, Lea-Henry T, Stanley M, Yu Z, Ballard FD, Chuah A, Lee JC, Hatch AM, Enders A, Masters SL, Headley AP, Trnka P, Mallon D, Fletcher JT, Walters GD, Šestan M, Jelušić M, Cook MC, Athanasopoulos V, Fulcher DA, Babon JJ, Vinuesa CG, Ellyard JI. Rare SH2B3 coding variants in lupus patients impair B cell tolerance and predispose to autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221080. [PMID: 38417019 PMCID: PMC10901239 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with a clear genetic component. While most SLE patients carry rare gene variants in lupus risk genes, little is known about their contribution to disease pathogenesis. Amongst them, SH2B3-a negative regulator of cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling-harbors rare coding variants in over 5% of SLE patients. Here, we show that unlike the variant found exclusively in healthy controls, SH2B3 rare variants found in lupus patients are predominantly hypomorphic alleles, failing to suppress IFNGR signaling via JAK2-STAT1. The generation of two mouse lines carrying patients' variants revealed that SH2B3 is important in limiting the number of immature and transitional B cells. Furthermore, hypomorphic SH2B3 was shown to impair the negative selection of immature/transitional self-reactive B cells and accelerate autoimmunity in sensitized mice, at least in part due to increased IL-4R signaling and BAFF-R expression. This work identifies a previously unappreciated role for SH2B3 in human B cell tolerance and lupus risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyuan Zhang
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Morris
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Grant J. Brown
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Ayla May D. Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Xiangpeng Meng
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Nadia J. Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Pamudika Kiridena
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Gaétan Burgio
- Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Simon Gross
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Jean Y. Cappello
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Qian Shen
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Cynthia Turnbull
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Tom Lea-Henry
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- The Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australia
| | - Maurice Stanley
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Zhijia Yu
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Fiona D. Ballard
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Aaron Chuah
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - James C. Lee
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Maree Hatch
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- The Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australia
| | - Anselm Enders
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Seth L. Masters
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Peter Trnka
- Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Mario Šestan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Jelušić
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matthew C. Cook
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- The Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australia
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - David A. Fulcher
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carola G. Vinuesa
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Julia I. Ellyard
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nasimian A, Al Ashiri L, Ahmed M, Duan H, Zhang X, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. A Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sensitivity Prediction Model Identifies AXL Dependency in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043830. [PMID: 36835239 PMCID: PMC9959897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite incredible progress in cancer treatment, therapy resistance remains the leading limiting factor for long-term survival. During drug treatment, several genes are transcriptionally upregulated to mediate drug tolerance. Using highly variable genes and pharmacogenomic data for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we developed a drug sensitivity prediction model for the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib and achieved more than 80% prediction accuracy. Furthermore, by using Shapley additive explanations for determining leading features, we identified AXL as an important feature for drug resistance. Drug-resistant patient samples displayed enrichment of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, which was also identified in sorafenib-treated FLT3-ITD-dependent AML cell lines by a peptide-based kinase profiling assay. Finally, we show that pharmacological inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity enhances AXL expression, phosphorylation of the PKC-substrate cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) protein, and displays synergy with AXL and PKC inhibitors. Collectively, our data suggest an involvement of AXL in tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and link PKC activation as a possible signaling mediator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasimian
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lina Al Ashiri
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mehreen Ahmed
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hongzhi Duan
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22381 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-462226407
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morris R, Butler L, Perkins A, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. The Role of LNK (SH2B3) in the Regulation of JAK-STAT Signalling in Haematopoiesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010024. [PMID: 35056081 PMCID: PMC8781068 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LNK is a member of the SH2B family of adaptor proteins and is a non-redundant regulator of cytokine signalling. Cytokines are secreted intercellular messengers that bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells to activate the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway. Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway leads to proliferative and often inflammatory effects, and so the amplitude and duration of signalling are tightly controlled. LNK binds phosphotyrosine residues to signalling proteins downstream of cytokines and constrains JAK-STAT signalling. Mutations in LNK have been identified in a range of haematological and inflammatory diseases due to increased signalling following the loss of LNK function. Here, we review the regulation of JAK-STAT signalling via the adaptor protein LNK and discuss the role of LNK in haematological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Morris
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (N.J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Liesl Butler
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (L.B.); (A.P.)
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew Perkins
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (L.B.); (A.P.)
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Nadia J. Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (N.J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (N.J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9345-2960; Fax: +61-3-9347-0852
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
LNK (SH2B3) Inhibition Expands Healthy and Fanconi Anemia Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Blood Adv 2021; 6:731-745. [PMID: 34844262 PMCID: PMC8945310 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for a variety of hematological diseases. Allogenic HSCT requires hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from matched donors and comes with cytotoxicity and mortality. Recent advances in genome modification of HSCs have demonstrated the possibility of using autologous HSCT-based gene therapy to cure monogenic diseases, such as the inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome Fanconi Anemia (FA). However, for FA and other BMF syndromes insufficient HSC numbers with functional defects results in delayed hematopoietic recovery and increased risk of graft failure. We and others previously identified the adaptor protein Lnk (Sh2b3) as a critical negative regulator of murine HSC homeostasis. However, whether LNK (SH2B3) controls human HSCs has not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of LNK via lentiviral expression of miR30-based short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) resulted in robust expansion of transplantable human HSCs that provided balanced multilineage reconstitution in primary and secondary mouse recipients. Importantly, LNK depletion enhanced cytokine mediated JAK/STAT activation in CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Moreover, we demonstrate that LNK depletion expands primary HSPCs associated with FA. In xenotransplant, engraftment defects of FANCD2-depleted FA-like HSCs were markedly improved by LNK inhibition. Finally, targeting LNK in primary bone marrow HSPCs from FA patients enhanced their colony forming potential in vitro. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of targeting LNK to expand HSCs to improve HSCT and HSCT-based gene therapy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Morris R, Zhang Y, Ellyard JI, Vinuesa CG, Murphy JM, Laktyushin A, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. Structural and functional analysis of target recognition by the lymphocyte adaptor protein LNK. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6110. [PMID: 34671038 PMCID: PMC8528861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The SH2B family of adaptor proteins, SH2-B, APS, and LNK are key modulators of cellular signalling pathways. Whilst SH2-B and APS have been partially structurally and biochemically characterised, to date there has been no such characterisation of LNK. Here we present two crystal structures of the LNK substrate recognition domain, the SH2 domain, bound to phosphorylated motifs from JAK2 and EPOR, and biochemically define the basis for target recognition. The LNK SH2 domain adopts a canonical SH2 domain fold with an additional N-terminal helix. Targeted analysis of binding to phosphosites in signalling pathways indicated that specificity is conferred by amino acids one- and three-residues downstream of the phosphotyrosine. Several mutations in LNK showed impaired target binding in vitro and a reduced ability to inhibit signalling, allowing an understanding of the molecular basis of LNK dysfunction in variants identified in patients with myeloproliferative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Morris
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Julia I. Ellyard
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Carola G. Vinuesa
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Nadia J. Kershaw
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- grid.1042.7Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marensi V, Keeshan KR, MacEwan DJ. Pharmacological impact of FLT3 mutations on receptor activity and responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114348. [PMID: 33242449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer characterized by the rapid proliferation of immature myeloid blast cells, resulting in a high mortality rate. The 5-year overall survival rate for AML patients is approximately 25%. Circa 35% of all patients carry a mutation in the FLT3 gene which have a poor prognosis. Targeting FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase has become a treatment strategy in AML patients possessing FLT3 mutations. The most common mutations are internal tandem duplications (ITD) within exon 14 and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to a point mutation in the D835 of the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). Variations in the ITD sequence and the occurrence of other point mutations that lead to ligand-independent FLT3 receptor activation create difficulties in developing personalized therapeutic strategies to overcome observed mutation-driven drug resistance. Midostaurin and quizartinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with inhibitory efficacy against FLT3-ITD, but exhibit limited clinical impact. In this review, we focus on the structural aspects of the FLT3 receptor and correlate those mutations with receptor activation and the consequences for molecular and clinical responsiveness towards therapies targeting FLT3-ITD positive AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Marensi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karen R Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David J MacEwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Transcriptional Regulation of Genes by Ikaros Tumor Suppressor in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041377. [PMID: 32085659 PMCID: PMC7073093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of oncogenic gene expression by transcription factors that function as tumor suppressors is one of the major mechanisms that regulate leukemogenesis. Understanding this complex process is essential for explaining the pathogenesis of leukemia as well as developing targeted therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the role of Ikaros tumor suppressor and its role in regulation of gene transcription in acute leukemia. Ikaros (IKZF1) is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a master regulator of hematopoiesis and the immune system, as well as a tumor suppressor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Genetic alteration or functional inactivation of Ikaros results in the development of high-risk leukemia. Ikaros binds to the specific consensus binding motif at upstream regulatory elements of its target genes, recruits chromatin-remodeling complexes and activates or represses transcription via chromatin remodeling. Over the last twenty years, a large number of Ikaros target genes have been identified, and the role of Ikaros in the regulation of their expression provided insight into the mechanisms of Ikaros tumor suppressor function in leukemia. Here we summarize the role of Ikaros in the regulation of the expression of the genes whose function is critical for cellular proliferation, development, and progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3/FLT3: From Basic Science to Clinical Implications. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1433-1466. [PMID: 31066629 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed almost exclusively in the hematopoietic compartment. Its ligand, FLT3 ligand (FL), induces dimerization and activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Activation of FLT3 leads to its autophosphorylation and initiation of several signal transduction cascades. Signaling is initiated by the recruitment of signal transduction molecules to activated FLT3 through binding to specific phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of FLT3. Activation of FLT3 mediates cell survival, cell proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. It acts in synergy with several other cytokines to promote its biological effects. Deregulated FLT3 activity has been implicated in several diseases, most prominently in acute myeloid leukemia where around one-third of patients carry an activating mutant of FLT3 which drives the disease and is correlated with poor prognosis. Overactivity of FLT3 has also been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The observation that gain-of-function mutations of FLT3 can promote leukemogenesis has stimulated the development of inhibitors that target this receptor. Many of these are in clinical trials, and some have been approved for clinical use. However, problems with acquired resistance to these inhibitors are common and, furthermore, only a fraction of patients respond to these selective treatments. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding structural and functional aspects of FLT3 signaling, both under normal and pathological conditions, and discusses challenges for the future regarding the use of targeted inhibition of these pathways for the treatment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; and Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; and Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sinclair PB, Ryan S, Bashton M, Hollern S, Hanna R, Case M, Schwalbe EC, Schwab CJ, Cranston RE, Young BD, Irving JAE, Vora AJ, Moorman AV, Harrison CJ. SH2B3 inactivation through CN-LOH 12q is uniquely associated with B-cell precursor ALL with iAMP21 or other chromosome 21 gain. Leukemia 2019; 33:1881-1894. [PMID: 30816328 PMCID: PMC6756024 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In more than 30% of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL), chromosome 21 sequence is overrepresented through aneuploidy or structural rearrangements, exemplified by intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21). Although frequent, the mechanisms by which these abnormalities promote B-ALL remain obscure. Intriguingly, we found copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) of 12q was recurrent in iAMP21-ALL, but never observed in B-ALL without some form of chromosome 21 gain. As a consequence of CN-LOH 12q, mutations or deletions of the adaptor protein, SH2B3, were converted to homozygosity. In patients without CN-LOH 12q, bi-allelic abnormalities of SH2B3 occurred, but only in iAMP21-ALL, giving an overall incidence of 18% in this sub-type. Review of published data confirmed a tight association between overrepresentation of chromosome 21 and both CN-LOH 12q and SH2B3 abnormalities in B-ALL. Despite relatively small patient numbers, preliminary analysis linked 12q abnormalities to poor outcome in iAMP21-ALL (p = 0.03). Homology modelling of a leukaemia-associated SH2 domain mutation and in vitro analysis of patient-derived xenograft cells implicated the JAK/STAT pathway as one likely target for SH2B3 tumour suppressor activity in iAMP21-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Sinclair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
| | - Sarra Ryan
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Bashton
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Shaun Hollern
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Hanna
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Marian Case
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Edward C Schwalbe
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire J Schwab
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Ruth E Cranston
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Brian D Young
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julie A E Irving
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Ajay J Vora
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moharram SA, Chougule RA, Su X, Li T, Sun J, Zhao H, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. Src-like adaptor protein 2 (SLAP2) binds to and inhibits FLT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57770-57782. [PMID: 27458164 PMCID: PMC5295388 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) is a frequently mutated oncogene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3 inhibitors display promising results in a clinical setting, but patients relapse after short-term treatment due to the development of resistant disease. Therefore, a better understanding of FLT3 downstream signal transduction pathways will help to identify an alternative target for the treatment of AML patients carrying oncogenic FLT3. Activation of FLT3 results in phosphorylation of FLT3 on several tyrosine residues that recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling proteins. We screened a panel of SH2 domain-containing proteins and identified SLAP2 as a potent interacting partner of FLT3. We demonstrated that interaction occurs when FLT3 is activated, and also, an intact SH2 domain of SLAP2 is required for binding. SLAP2 binding sites in FLT3 mainly overlap with those of SRC. SLAP2 over expression in murine proB cells or myeloid cells inhibited oncogenic FLT3-ITD-mediated cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro, and tumor formation in vivo. Microarray analysis suggests that higher SLAP2 expression correlates with a gene signature similar to that of loss of oncogene function. Furthermore, FLT3-ITD positive AML patients with higher SLAP2 expression displayed better prognosis compared to those with lower expression of SLAP2. Expression of SLAP2 blocked FLT3 downstream signaling cascades including AKT, ERK, p38 and STAT5. Finally, SLAP2 accelerated FLT3 degradation through enhanced ubiquitination. Collectively, our data suggest that SLAP2 acts as a negative regulator of FLT3 signaling and therefore, modulation of SLAP2 expression levels may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for FLT3-ITD positive AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sausan A Moharram
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rohit A Chougule
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xianwei Su
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianfeng Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chougule RA, Cordero E, Moharram SA, Pietras K, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. Expression of GADS enhances FLT3-induced mitogenic signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14112-24. [PMID: 26895103 PMCID: PMC4924701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GADS is a member of a family of SH2 and SH3 domain-containing adaptors that functions in tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling cascades. Its expression is largely restricted to hematopoietic tissues and cell lines. Therefore, GADS is mainly involved in leukocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase signaling. GADS is known to interact with tyrosine-phosphorylated SHC, BCR-ABL and KIT. The SH2 domain of GADS has a similar binding specificity to that of GRB2 but its SH3 domain displays a different binding specificity, and thus it is involved in other downstream signaling pathways than GRB2. In the present study, we examined the role of GADS in FLT3 signaling. FLT3 is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase, which is mutated in more than 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the most common mutations is the internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations. We observed that expression of GADS enhanced oncogenic FLT3-ITD-induced cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. In a mouse xenograft model, GADS accelerated FLT3-ITD-dependent tumor formation. Furthermore, expression of GADS induced a transcriptional program leading to upregulation of MYC and mTORC1 target genes. GADS localizes to the cell membrane and strongly binds to ligand-stimulated wild-type FLT3 or is constitutively associated with the oncogenic mutant FLT3-ITD. We mapped the binding sites in FLT3 to pY955 and pY969 which overlaps with the GRB2 binding sites. Expression of GADS enhanced FLT3-mediated phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, p38 and STAT5. Taken together, our data suggests that GADS is an important downstream component of FLT3 signaling and expression of GADS potentiates FLT3-mediated mitogenic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Chougule
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eugenia Cordero
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sausan A Moharram
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naudin C, Chevalier C, Roche S. The role of small adaptor proteins in the control of oncogenic signalingr driven by tyrosine kinases in human cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11033-55. [PMID: 26788993 PMCID: PMC4905456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues has evolved as an important mechanism to coordinate cell communication in multicellular organisms. The importance of this process has been revealed by the discovery of the prominent oncogenic properties of tyrosine kinases (TK) upon deregulation of their physiological activities, often due to protein overexpression and/or somatic mutation. Recent reports suggest that TK oncogenic signaling is also under the control of small adaptor proteins. These cytosolic proteins lack intrinsic catalytic activity and signal by linking two functional members of a catalytic pathway. While most adaptors display positive regulatory functions, a small group of this family exerts negative regulatory functions by targeting several components of the TK signaling cascade. Here, we review how these less studied adaptor proteins negatively control TK activities and how their loss of function induces abnormal TK signaling, promoting tumor formation. We also discuss the therapeutic consequences of this novel regulatory mechanism in human oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Naudin
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Present address: INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Clément Chevalier
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Present address: SFR Biosit (UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018), MRic Photonics Platform, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Serge Roche
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2014, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yano M, Imamura T, Asai D, Deguchi T, Hashii Y, Endo M, Sato A, Kawasaki H, Kosaka Y, Kato K, Hori H, Yumura-Yagi K, Hara J, Oda M, Horibe K. Clinical significance of SH2B3 (LNK) expression in paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2017; 183:327-330. [PMID: 29082511 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Yano
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asai
- Department of Paediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Deguchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashii
- Department of Paediatrics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiya Endo
- Department of Paediatrics, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirohide Kawasaki
- Department of Paediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kosaka
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Hyogo Prefectural Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Haematology Oncology, Children's Medical Centre, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hori
- Department of Paediatrics, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Hara
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Oda
- Department of Paediatrics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keizo Horibe
- Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V. FLT3–ITD and its current role in acute myeloid leukaemia. Med Oncol 2017; 34:114. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
15
|
FYN expression potentiates FLT3-ITD induced STAT5 signaling in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9964-74. [PMID: 26848862 PMCID: PMC4891096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
FYN is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the SRC family of kinases, which are frequently over-expressed in human cancers, and play key roles in cancer biology. SRC has long been recognized as an important oncogene, but little attention has been given to its other family members. In this report, we have studied the role of FYN in FLT3 signaling in respect to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We observed that FYN displays a strong association with wild-type FLT3 as well as oncogenic FLT3-ITD and is dependent on the kinase activity of FLT3 and the SH2 domain of FYN. We identified multiple FYN binding sites in FLT3, which partially overlapped with SRC binding sites. To understand the role of FYN in FLT3 signaling, we generated FYN overexpressing cells. We observed that expression of FYN resulted in slightly enhanced phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2 and p38 in response to ligand stimulation. Furthermore, FYN expression led to a slight increase in FLT3-ITD-dependent cell proliferation, but potent enhancement of STAT5 phosphorylation as well as colony formation. We also observed that FYN expression is deregulated in AML patient samples and that higher expression of FYN, in combination with FLT3-ITD mutation, resulted in enrichment of the STAT5 signaling pathway and correlated with poor prognosis in AML. Taken together our data suggest that FYN cooperates with oncogenic FLT3-ITD in cellular transformation by selective activation of the STAT5 pathway. Therefore, inhibition of FYN, in combination with FLT3 inhibition, will most likely be beneficial for this group of AML patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
BEX1 acts as a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21395-405. [PMID: 26046670 PMCID: PMC4673273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease of the myeloid lineage. About 35% of AML patients carry an oncogenic FLT3 mutant making FLT3 an attractive target for treatment of AML. Major problems in the development of FLT3 inhibitors include lack of specificity, poor response and development of a resistant phenotype upon treatment. Further understanding of FLT3 signaling and discovery of novel regulators will therefore help to determine additional pharmacological targets in FLT3-driven AML. In this report, we identified BEX1 as a novel regulator of oncogenic FLT3-ITD-driven AML. We showed that BEX1 expression was down-regulated in a group of AML patients carrying FLT3-ITD. Loss of BEX1 expression resulted in poor overall survival (hazard ratio, HR = 2.242, p = 0.0011). Overexpression of BEX1 in mouse pro-B and myeloid cells resulted in decreased FLT3-ITD-dependent cell proliferation, colony and tumor formation, and in increased apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. BEX1 localized to the cytosolic compartment of cells and significantly decreased FLT3-ITD-induced AKT phosphorylation without affecting ERK1/2 or STAT5 phosphorylation. Our data suggest that the loss of BEX1 expression in FLT3-ITD driven AML potentiates oncogenic signaling and leads to decreased overall survival of the patients.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng Y, Chikwava K, Wu C, Zhang H, Bhagat A, Pei D, Choi JK, Tong W. LNK/SH2B3 regulates IL-7 receptor signaling in normal and malignant B-progenitors. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1267-81. [PMID: 26974155 DOI: 10.1172/jci81468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is a high-risk ALL commonly associated with alterations that affect the tyrosine kinase pathway, tumor suppressors, and lymphoid transcription factors. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene-encoding adaptor protein LNK (also known as SH2B3) are found in Ph-like ALLs; however, it is not clear how LNK regulates normal B cell development or promotes leukemogenesis. Here, we have shown that combined loss of Lnk and tumor suppressors Tp53 or Ink4a/Arf in mice triggers a highly aggressive and transplantable precursor B-ALL. Tp53-/-Lnk-/- B-ALLs displayed similar gene expression profiles to human Ph-like B-ALLs, supporting use of this model for preclinical and molecular studies. Preleukemic Tp53-/-Lnk-/- pro-B progenitors were hypersensitive to IL-7, exhibited marked self-renewal in vitro and in vivo, and were able to initiate B-ALL in transplant recipients. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that LNK regulates pro-B progenitor homeostasis by attenuating IL-7-stimuated JAK/STAT5 signaling via a direct interaction with phosphorylated JAK3. Moreover, JAK inhibitors were effective in prolonging survival of mice transplanted with Lnk-/-Tp53-/- leukemia. Additionally, synergistic administration of PI3K/mTOR and JAK inhibitors further abrogated leukemia development. Hence, our results suggest that LNK suppresses IL-7R/JAK/STAT signaling to restrict pro-/pre-B progenitor expansion and leukemia development, providing a pathogenic mechanism and a potential therapeutic approach for B-ALLs with LNK mutations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L. Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) proteins in human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:226-33. [PMID: 26408910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) family proteins are comprised of five human proteins including BEX1, BEX2, BEX3, BEX4 and BEX5. BEX family proteins are expressed in a wide range of tissues and are known to play a role in neuronal development. Recent studies suggest a role of BEX family proteins in cancers. BEX1 expression is lost in a subgroup of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Expression of BEX1 controls cell surface receptor signaling and restores imatinib response in resistant cells. BEX2 is overexpressed in a group of breast cancer patients and also in gliomas. Increased BEX2 expression led to enhanced NF-κB signaling as well as cell proliferation. Although BEX2 acts as tumor promoter in a subset of breast cancer, BEX3 expression displayed an opposite role. Overexpression of BEX3 resulted in inhibition of tumor formation in breast cancer mouse xenograft models. The role of BEX4 and BEX5 in cancer has not yet been defined. Collectively this suggests that BEX family members have distinct roles in cancers. While BEX1 and BEX3 act as tumor suppressors, BEX2 seems to act as an oncogene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404 ,Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh.
| | - Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404 ,Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu X, Fang J, Jiang DS, Zhang P, Zhao GN, Zhu X, Yang L, Wei X, Li H. Exacerbating Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy: Novel Role of Adaptor Molecule Src Homology 2-B3. Hypertension 2015; 66:571-81. [PMID: 26101343 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein Src homology 2-B3 (SH2B3), which belongs to a subfamily of Src homology 2 proteins, is a broad inhibitor of growth factors and cytokine signaling in hematopoietic cells. However, the role of SH2B3 in nonhematopoietic systems, particularly cardiomyocytes, has not been defined. In this study, we observed noticeable increase in SH2B3 protein expression during pathological cardiac remodeling in both humans and rodents. Follow-up in vitro gain- and loss-of-function studies suggested that SH2B3 promotes the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy response. Consistent with the cell phenotype, SH2B3 knockout (SH2B3(-/-)) mice exhibited attenuated cardiac remodeling with preserved cardiac function after chronic pressure overload. Conversely, cardiac-specific SH2B3 overexpression aggravated pressure overload-triggered cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction. Mechanistically, SH2B3 accelerates and exacerbates cardiac remodeling through the activation of focal adhesion kinase, which, in turn, activates the prohypertrophic downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin/glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling pathway. Finally, we generated a novel SH2B3 knockout rat line and further confirmed the protective effects of SH2B3 deficiency on cardiac remodeling across species. Collectively, our data indicate that SH2B3 functions as a novel and effective modulator of cardiac remodeling and failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Jing Fang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Ling Yang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Xiang Wei
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.).
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.).
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee SH, Lee KB, Lee JH, Kang S, Kim HG, Asahara T, Kwon SM. Selective Interference Targeting of Lnk in Umbilical Cord-Derived Late Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improves Vascular Repair, Following Hind Limb Ischemic Injury, via Regulation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1490-500. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University; Cheonan South Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Kyeung Bin Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project; Pusan National University, Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project; Pusan National University, Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Hwi Gon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Pusan National University, School of Medicine; Busan South Korea
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science; Tokai University School of Medicine; Shimokasuya Isehara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology; Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project; Pusan National University, Yangsan Gyeongnam South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Flores-Morales A, Rönnstrand L. SOCS proteins in regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3297-310. [PMID: 24705897 PMCID: PMC11113172 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface receptors that play critical roles in signal transduction from extracellular stimuli. Many in this family of kinases are overexpressed or mutated in human malignancies and thus became an attractive drug target for cancer treatment. The signaling mediated by RTKs must be tightly regulated by interacting proteins including protein-tyrosine phosphatases and ubiquitin ligases. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family proteins are well-known negative regulators of cytokine receptors signaling consisting of eight structurally similar proteins, SOCS1-7, and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS). A key feature of this family of proteins is the presence of an SH2 domain and a SOCS box. Recent studies suggest that SOCS proteins also play a role in RTK signaling. Activation of RTK results in transcriptional activation of SOCS-encoding genes. These proteins associate with RTKs through their SH2 domains and subsequently recruit the E3 ubiquitin machinery through the SOCS box, and thereby limit receptor stability by inducing ubiquitination. In a similar fashion, SOCS proteins negatively regulate mitogenic signaling by RTKs. It is also evident that RTKs can sometimes bypass SOCS regulation and SOCS proteins can even potentiate RTKs-mediated mitogenic signaling. Thus, apart from negative regulation of receptor signaling, SOCS proteins may also influence signaling in other ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Nuzhat N. Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Amilcar Flores-Morales
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin DC, Meng X, Hazawa M, Nagata Y, Varela AM, Xu L, Sato Y, Liu LZ, Ding LW, Sharma A, Goh BC, Lee SC, Petersson BF, Yu FG, Macary P, Oo MZ, Ha CS, Yang H, Ogawa S, Loh KS, Koeffler HP. The genomic landscape of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat Genet 2014; 46:866-71. [PMID: 24952746 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has extremely skewed ethnic and geographic distributions, is poorly understood at the genetic level and is in need of effective therapeutic approaches. Here we determined the mutational landscape of 128 cases with NPC using whole-exome and targeted deep sequencing, as well as SNP array analysis. These approaches revealed a distinct mutational signature and nine significantly mutated genes, many of which have not been implicated previously in NPC. Notably, integrated analysis showed enrichment of genetic lesions affecting several important cellular processes and pathways, including chromatin modification, ERBB-PI3K signaling and autophagy machinery. Further functional studies suggested the biological relevance of these lesions to the NPC malignant phenotype. In addition, we uncovered a number of new druggable candidates because of their genomic alterations. Together our study provides a molecular basis for a comprehensive understanding of, and exploring new therapies for, NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Lin
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
| | - Xuan Meng
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [2] Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [3]
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasunobu Nagata
- 1] Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [2] Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ana Maria Varela
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuke Sato
- 1] Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [2] Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Li-Zhen Liu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arjun Sharma
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [2] Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [2] Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Feng Gang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Macary
- Department of Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Zin Oo
- Department of Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chan Soh Ha
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [2]
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- 1] Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [2] Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. [3]
| | - Kwok Seng Loh
- 1] Department of Otolaryngology, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore. [2]
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3] National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore. [4]
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
LNK (SH2B3) is an adaptor protein studied extensively in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. In these cells, it downregulates activated tyrosine kinases at the cell surface resulting in an antiproliferative effect. To date, no studies have examined activities of LNK in solid tumors. In this study, we found by in silico analysis and staining tissue arrays that the levels of LNK expression were elevated in high-grade ovarian cancer. To test the functional importance of this observation, LNK was either overexpressed or silenced in several ovarian cancer cell lines. Remarkably, overexpression of LNK rendered the cells resistant to death induced by either serum starvation or nutrient deprivation, and generated larger tumors using a murine xenograft model. In contrast, silencing of LNK decreased ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Western blot studies indicated that overexpression of LNK upregulated and extended the transduction of the mitogenic signal, whereas silencing of LNK produced the opposite effects. Furthermore, forced expression of LNK reduced cell size, inhibited cell migration and markedly enhanced cell adhesion. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy identified 14-3-3 as one of the LNK-binding partners. Our results suggest that in contrast to the findings in hematologic malignancies, the adaptor protein LNK acts as a positive signal transduction modulator in ovarian cancers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Janke H, Pastore F, Schumacher D, Herold T, Hopfner KP, Schneider S, Berdel WE, Büchner T, Woermann BJ, Subklewe M, Bohlander SK, Hiddemann W, Spiekermann K, Polzer H. Activating FLT3 mutants show distinct gain-of-function phenotypes in vitro and a characteristic signaling pathway profile associated with prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89560. [PMID: 24608088 PMCID: PMC3946485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
About 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harbour mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3, mostly internal tandem duplications (ITD) and point mutations of the second tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). It was the aim of this study to comprehensively analyze clinical and functional properties of various FLT3 mutants. In 672 normal karyotype AML patients FLT3-ITD, but not FLT3-TKD mutations were associated with a worse relapse free and overall survival in multivariate analysis. In paired diagnosis-relapse samples FLT3-ITD showed higher stability (70%) compared to FLT3-TKD (30%). In vitro, FLT3-ITD induced a strong activating phenotype in Ba/F3 cells. In contrast, FLT3-TKD mutations and other point mutations – including two novel mutations – showed a weaker but clear gain-of-function phenotype with gradual increase in proliferation and protection from apoptosis. The pro-proliferative capacity of the investigated FLT3 mutants was associated with cell surface expression and tyrosine 591 phosphorylation of the FLT3 receptor. Western blot experiments revealed STAT5 activation only in FLT3-ITD positive cell lines, in contrast to FLT3-non-ITD mutants, which displayed an enhanced signal of AKT and MAPK activation. Gene expression analysis revealed distinct difference between FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD for STAT5 target gene expression as well as deregulation of SOCS2, ENPP2, PRUNE2 and ART3. FLT3-ITD and FLT3 point mutations show a gain-of-function phenotype with distinct signalling properties in vitro. Although poor prognosis in AML is only associated with FLT3-ITD, all activating FLT3 mutations can contribute to leukemogenesis and are thus potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Janke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Friederike Pastore
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Büchner
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperative Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan K. Bohlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Polzer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kabir NN, Kazi JU. Grb10 is a dual regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1985-92. [PMID: 24420853 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein Grb10 is a close homolog of Grb7 and Grb14. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich region, a Ras-GTPase binding domain, a PH domain, an SH2 domain and a BPS domain in between the PH and SH2 domains. Human Grb10 gene encodes three splice variants. These variants show differences in functionality. Grb10 associates with multiple proteins including tyrosine kinases in a tyrosine phosphorylation dependent or independent manner. Association with multiple proteins allows Grb10 to regulate different signaling pathways resulting in different biological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Bagura Road, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L. Protein kinase C (PKC) as a drug target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Med Oncol 2013; 30:757. [PMID: 24174318 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) belongs to a family of ten serine/threonine protein kinases encoded by nine genes. This family of proteins plays critical roles in signal transduction which results in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and apoptosis. Due to differential subcellular localization and tissue distribution, each member displays distinct signaling characteristics. In this review, we have summarized the roles of PKC family members in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL is a heterogeneous hematological disorder with survival ranging from months to decades. PKC isoforms are differentially expressed in CLL and play critical roles in CLL pathogenesis. Thus, isoform-specific PKC inhibitors may be an attractive option for CLL treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404:C3, 223 63, Lund, Sweden,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3) gene encodes a negative regulator of cytokine signaling with a critical role in the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors. Here, we report the identification of germline homozygous SH2B3 mutations in 2 siblings affected with developmental delay and autoimmunity, one in whom B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed. Mechanistically, loss of SH2B3 increases Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, promotes lymphoid cell proliferation, and accelerates leukemia development in a mouse model of NOTCH1-induced ALL. Moreover, extended mutation analysis showed homozygous somatic mutations in SH2B3 in 2 of 167 ALLs analyzed. Overall, these results demonstrate a Knudson tumor suppressor role for SH2B3 in the pathogenesis of ALL and highlight a possible link between genetic predisposition factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and leukemogenesis.
Collapse
|
29
|
The Impact of FLT3 Mutations on the Development of Acute Myeloid Leukemias. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2013; 2013:275760. [PMID: 23936658 PMCID: PMC3725705 DOI: 10.1155/2013/275760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of the genetic studies on acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) has led to the identification of some recurrent genetic abnormalities. Their discovery was of fundamental importance not only for a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AMLs, but also for the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this context, it is essential to identify AML-associated “driver” mutations, which have a causative role in leukemogenesis. Evidences accumulated during the last years indicate that activating internal tandem duplication mutations in FLT3 (FLT3-ITD), detected in about 20% of AMLs, represents driver mutations and valid therapeutic targets in AMLs. Furthermore, the screening of FLT3-ITD mutations has also considerably helped to improve the identification of more accurate prognostic criteria and of the therapeutic selection of patients.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kazi JU, Vaapil M, Agarwal S, Bracco E, Påhlman S, Rönnstrand L. The tyrosine kinase CSK associates with FLT3 and c-Kit receptors and regulates downstream signaling. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1852-60. [PMID: 23707526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type III receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), FLT3 and c-Kit play important roles in a variety of cellular processes. A number of SH2-domain containing proteins interact with FLT3 and c-Kit and regulate downstream signaling. The SH2-domain containing non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase CSK is mainly studied in the context of regulating Src family kinases. Here we present an additional role of this kinase in RTK signaling. We show that CSK interacts with FLT3 and c-Kit in a phosphorylation dependent manner. This interaction is facilitated through the SH2-domain of CSK. Under basal conditions CSK is mainly localized throughout the cytosolic compartment but upon ligand stimulation it is recruited to the inner side of cell membrane. CSK association did not alter receptor ubiquitination or phosphorylation but disrupted downstream signaling. Selective depletion of CSK using siRNA, or inhibition with CSK inhibitor, led to increased phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, but not p38, upon FLT3 ligand (FL) stimulation. Stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated Akt and Erk activation was also elevated by CSK inhibition. However, siRNA mediated CSK knockdown increased SCF stimulated Akt phosphorylation but decreased Erk phosphorylation. CSK depletion also significantly increased both FL- and SCF-induced SHC, Gab2 and SHP2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, CSK depletion contributed to oncogenic FLT3- and c-Kit-mediated cell proliferation, but not to cell survival. Thus, the results indicate that CSK association with type III RTKs, FLT3 and c-Kit can have differential impact on receptor downstream signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) associates with FLT3 and negatively regulates downstream signaling. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:693-703. [PMID: 23548639 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a member of the SOCS family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. SOCS2 is known to regulate signal transduction by cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is of importance for proliferation, survival and differentiation of hematopoietic cells and is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia. We observed that SOCS2 associates with activated FLT3 through phosphotyrosine residues 589 and 919, and co-localizes with FLT3 in the cell membrane. SOCS2 increases FLT3 ubiquitination and accelerates receptor degradation in proteasomes. SOCS2 negatively regulates FLT3 signaling by blocking activation of Erk 1/2 and STAT5. Furthermore, SOCS2 expression leads to a decrease in FLT3-ITD-mediated cell proliferation and colony formation. Thus, we suggest that SOCS2 associates with activated FLT3 and negatively regulates the FLT3 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Wallenberg Laboratory, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kazi JU, Agarwal S, Sun J, Bracco E, Rönnstrand L. Src-Like Adaptor Protein (SLAP) differentially regulates normal and oncogenic c-Kit signaling. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:653-62. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src-Like Adaptor Protein (SLAP) is an adaptor protein sharing considerable structural homology with Src. SLAP is expressed in variety of cells regulating receptor tyrosine kinase signaling by direct association. In this report, we show that SLAP associates with both wild-type and oncogenic c-Kit (c-Kit-D816V). The association involves SLAP SH2 domain and receptor phosphotyrosine residues different from those mediating Src interaction. Association of SLAP triggers c-Kit ubiquitination which, in turn, is followed by receptor degradation. Although SLAP depletion potentiates c-Kit downstream signaling by stabilizing the receptor, it remains non-functional in c-Kit-D816V signaling. Ligand-stimulated c-Kit or c-Kit-D816V did not alter membrane localization of SLAP. Interestingly oncogenic c-Kit-D816V, but not wild-type c-Kit, phosphorylates SLAP on Y120, Y258 and Y273 residues. Physical interaction between c-Kit-D816V and SLAP is mandatory for the phosphorylation to take place. Although tyrosine phosphorylated SLAP does not affect c-Kit-D816V signaling, mutation of these tyrosine sites to phenylalanine can restore SLAP activity. Taken together the data demonstrate that SLAP negatively regulates wild-type c-Kit signaling, but not its oncogenic counterpart, indicating a possible mechanism by which the oncogenic c-Kit bypasses the normal cellular negative feedback control.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. Src-Like adaptor protein (SLAP) binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 and modulates receptor stability and downstream signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53509. [PMID: 23300935 PMCID: PMC3534055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is an important growth factor receptor in hematopoiesis. Gain-of-function mutations of the receptor contribute to the transformation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) is an interaction partner of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl that can regulate receptor tyrosine kinases-mediated signal transduction. In this study, we analyzed the role of SLAP in signal transduction downstream of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3. The results show that upon ligand stimulation SLAP stably associates with Flt3 through multiple phosphotyrosine residues in Flt3. SLAP constitutively interacts with oncogenic Flt3-ITD and co-localizes with Flt3 near the cell membrane. This association initiates Cbl-dependent receptor ubiquitination and degradation. Depletion of SLAP expression by shRNA in Flt3-transfected Ba/F3 cells resulted in a weaker activation of FL-induced PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling. Meta-analysis of microarray data from patient samples suggests that SLAP mRNA is differentially expressed in different cancers and its expression was significantly increased in patients carrying the Flt3-ITD mutation. Thus, our data suggest a novel role of SLAP in different cancers and in modulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling apart from its conventional role in regulation of receptor stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U. Kazi
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
FLT3 signals via the adapter protein Grb10 and overexpression of Grb10 leads to aberrant cell proliferation in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Oncol 2012; 7:402-18. [PMID: 23246379 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein Grb10 plays important roles in mitogenic signaling. However, its roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are predominantly unknown. Here we describe the role of Grb10 in FLT3-ITD-mediated AML. We observed that Grb10 physically associates with FLT3 in response to FLT3-ligand (FL) stimulation through FLT3 phospho-tyrosine 572 and 793 residues and constitutively associates with oncogenic FLT3-ITD. Furthermore endogenous Grb10-FLT3 association was observed in OCI-AML-5 cells. Grb10 expression did not alter FLT3 receptor activation or stability in Ba/F3-FLT3 cells. However, expression of Grb10 enhanced FL-induced Akt phosphorylation without affecting Erk or p38 phosphorylation in Ba/F3-FLT3-WT and Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD. Selective Grb10 depletion reduced Akt phosphorylation in Ba/F3-FLT3-WT and OCI-AML-5 cells. Grb10 transduces signal from FLT3 by direct interaction with p85 and Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD cells expressing Grb10 exhibits higher STAT5 activation. Grb10 regulates the cell cycle by increasing cell population in S-phase. Expression of Grb10 furthermore resulted in an increased proliferation and survival of Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD cells as well as increased colony formation in semisolid culture. Grb10 expression was significantly increased in AML patients compared to healthy controls and was also elevated in patients carrying FLT3-ITD mutants. The elevated Grb10 expression partially correlated to relapse as well as to poor prognosis. These results suggest that Grb10 binds to both normal and oncogenic FLT3 and induces PI3K-Akt and STAT5 signaling pathways resulting in an enhanced proliferation, survival and colony formation of hematopoietic cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Gery S, Koeffler HP. Role of the adaptor protein LNK in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Oncogene 2012; 32:3111-8. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|