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Liu H, Wu K, Hu W, Chen X, Tang Y, Ma Y, Chen C, Xie Y, Yu L, Huang J, Shen S, Wang X. Immunophenotypic clustering in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:2275-2286. [PMID: 38639201 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease, exhibiting diverse subtypes according to the characteristics of tumour cells. The immunophenotype is one of the aspects acquired routinely through flow cytometry in the diagnosis of AML. Here, we characterized the antigen expression in paediatric AML cases across both morphological and molecular genetic subgroups. We discovered a subgroup of patients with unfavourable prognosis that can be immunologically characterized, irrespective of morphological FAB results or genetic aberrations. Cox regression analysis unveiled key antigens influencing the prognosis of AML patients. In terms of underlying genotypes, we observed that the antigenic profiles and outcomes of one specific group, primarily composed of CBFA2T3::GLIS2 and FUS::ERG, were analogous to the reported RAM phenotype. Overall, our data highlight the significance of immunophenotype to tailor treatment for paediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kefei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisha Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang P, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Long Q, Pan S, Zhou W, Deng T, Mo W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Chen C. Optimal combination of immune checkpoint and senescence molecule predicts adverse outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Med 2023; 55:2201507. [PMID: 37070487 PMCID: PMC10120552 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2201507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of immune checkpoints (ICs) and senescence molecules (SMs) contributes to T cell dysfunction, tumor escape, and progression, but systematic evaluation of them in co-expression patterns and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was lacking. METHODS Three publicly available datasets (TCGA, Beat-AML, and GSE71014) were first used to explore the effect of IC and SM combinations on prognosis and the immune microenvironment in AML, and bone marrow samples from 68 AML patients from our clinical center (GZFPH) was further used to validate the findings. RESULTS High expression of CD276, Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), and SRC was associated with poor overall survival (OS) of AML patients. CD276/BAG3/SRC combination, standard European Leukemia Net (ELN) risk stratification, age, and French-American-British (FAB) subtype were used to construct a nomogram model. Interestingly, the new risk stratification derived from the nomogram was better than the standard ELN risk stratification in predicting the prognosis for AML. A weighted combination of CD276 and BAG3/SRC positively corrected with TP53 mutation, p53 pathway, CD8+ T cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, T-cell senescence score, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score estimated by T-cell dysfunction. CONCLUSION High expression of ICs and SMs was associated with poor OS of AML patients. The co-expression patterns of CD276 and BAG3/SRC might be potential biomarkers for risk stratification and designing combinational immuno-targeted therapy in AML.Key MessagesHigh expression of CD276, BAG3, and SRC was associated with poor overall survival of AML patients.The co-expression patterns of CD276 and BAG3/SRC might be potential biomarkers for risk stratification and designing combinational immuno-targeted therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Qinghua Cai
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Qingqin Long
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shiyi Pan
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Tingfen Deng
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Wenjian Mo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Shunqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
- Yuping Zhang Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510180, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
- Caixia Wang
| | - Cunte Chen
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
- CONTACT Cunte Chen
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Green JR, Mahalingaiah PKS, Gopalakrishnan SM, Liguori MJ, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG, Van Vleet TR. Off-target pharmacological activity at various kinases: Potential functional and pathological side effects. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107468. [PMID: 37553032 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery, during the lead optimization and candidate characterization stages, novel small molecules are frequently evaluated in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to identify potential unintended, off-target interactions with various receptors, transporters, ion channels, and enzymes, including kinases. Furthermore, these screening panels may also provide utility at later stages of development to provide a mechanistic understanding of unexpected safety findings. Here, we present a compendium of the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interaction(s) to a panel of 95 kinases based on an extensive curation of the scientific literature. This panel of kinases was designed by AbbVie based on safety-related data extracted from the literature, as well as from over 20 years of institutional knowledge generated from discovery efforts. For each kinase, the scientific literature was reviewed using online databases and the most often reported functional and pathological effects were summarized. This work should serve as a practical guide for small molecule drug discovery scientists and clinical investigators to predict and/or interpret adverse effects related to pharmacological interactions with these kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon R Green
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States.
| | | | - Sujatha M Gopalakrishnan
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Michael J Liguori
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Scott W Mittelstadt
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Eric A G Blomme
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Terry R Van Vleet
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
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Zhai J, Li C, Sun B, Wang S, Cui Y, Gao Q, Sang F. Sunitinib-based Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) reduced the protein levels of FLT-3 and c-KIT in leukemia cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 78:129041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Du S, Alvarado JJ, Wales TE, Moroco JA, Engen JR, Smithgall TE. ATP-site inhibitors induce unique conformations of the acute myeloid leukemia-associated Src-family kinase, Fgr. Structure 2022; 30:1508-1517.e3. [PMID: 36115344 PMCID: PMC9637690 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Src-family kinase Fgr is expressed primarily in myeloid hematopoietic cells and contributes to myeloid leukemia. Here, we present X-ray crystal structures of Fgr bound to the ATP-site inhibitors A-419259 and TL02-59, which show promise as anti-leukemic agents. A-419259 induces a closed Fgr conformation, with the SH3 and SH2 domains engaging the SH2-kinase linker and C-terminal tail, respectively. In the Fgr:A-419259 complex, the activation loop of one monomer inserts into the active site of the other, providing a snapshot of trans-autophosphorylation. By contrast, TL02-59 binding induced SH2 domain displacement from the C-terminal tail and SH3 domain release from the linker. Solution studies using HDX MS were consistent with the crystal structures, with A-419259 reducing and TL02-59 enhancing solvent exposure of the SH3 domain. These structures demonstrate that allosteric connections between the kinase and regulatory domains of Src-family kinases are regulated by the ligand bound to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoucheng Du
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 523, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - John J Alvarado
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 523, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie A Moroco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 523, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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6
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Piskorz WM, Cechowska-Pasko M. Senescence of Tumor Cells in Anticancer Therapy—Beneficial and Detrimental Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911082. [PMID: 36232388 PMCID: PMC9570404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence process results in stable cell cycle arrest, which prevents cell proliferation. It can be induced by a variety of stimuli including metabolic stress, DNA damage, telomeres shortening, and oncogenes activation. Senescence is generally considered as a process of tumor suppression, both by preventing cancer cells proliferation and inhibiting cancer progression. It can also be a key effector mechanism for many types of anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both directly and through bioactive molecules released by senescent cells that can stimulate an immune response. Senescence is characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can have both beneficial and detrimental impact on cancer progression. Despite the negatives, attempts are still being made to use senescence to fight cancer, especially when it comes to senolytics. There is a possibility that a combination of prosenescence therapy—which targets tumor cells and causes their senescence—with senotherapy—which targets senescent cells, can be promising in cancer treatment. This review provides information on cellular senescence, its connection with carcinogenesis and therapeutic possibilities linked to this process.
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7
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Novel inhibitor of hematopoietic cell kinase as a potential therapeutic agent for acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:1909-1921. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Kasner MT, Halloran MB, Pan J, Ritchie EK, Fetterly GJ, Kramer D, Hangauer DG, Thompson JE. A phase Ib dose escalation study of oral monotherapy with KX2-391 in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:773-781. [PMID: 35579731 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poor tolerance to standard therapies and multi-drug resistance complicate treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is therefore imperative to explore novel tolerable agents and target alternative pathways. KX2-391 is an oral non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of Src kinase and tubulin polymerization. This multi-center phase Ib open-label safety and activity study involved elderly patients with relapsed or refractory AML, or who declined standard chemotherapy. Twenty-four patients averaging 74 years of age were enrolled. The majority previously received hypomethylating agents. Five doses were tested: 40 mg (n = 1), 80 mg (n = 2), 120 mg (n = 8), 140 mg (n = 12), and 160 mg (n = 1). Seven patients were treated for 12 days or less, nine for 15-29 days, five for 33-58 days, and three for 77-165 days. One patient receiving 120 mg for 165 days had reduced splenomegaly and survived 373 days. Another had no evidence of disease progression for 154 days. One patient receiving 160 mg for 12 days remained treatment-free for about 18 months. Dose-limiting toxicities occurred in eight patients at: 120 mg (transaminitis, hyperbilirubinemia), 140 mg (mucositis, allergic reaction, transaminitis, acute kidney injury), and 160 mg (mucositis). The maximum tolerated dose for KX2-391 was 120 mg once daily. KX2-391 bone marrow concentrations were approximately similar to plasma concentrations. This is the first study to evaluate the safety of KX2-391 in elderly patients with AML. Further studies are warranted, including alternative dosing phase I trials evaluating shorter courses at higher doses and phase II trials. (Clinical Trial Registration:The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01397799 (July 20, 2011)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T Kasner
- Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Molly B Halloran
- Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jonathan Pan
- Cooper University Healthcare, 2 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Ellen K Ritchie
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 530 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Gerald J Fetterly
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Douglas Kramer
- Athenex Pharmaceuticals, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - David G Hangauer
- Athenex Pharmaceuticals, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - James E Thompson
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
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Perez I, Berndt S, Agarwal R, Castro MA, Vishnivetskiy SA, Smith JC, Sanders CR, Gurevich VV, Iverson TM. A Model for the Signal Initiation Complex Between Arrestin-3 and the Src Family Kinase Fgr. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167400. [PMID: 34902430 PMCID: PMC8752512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Arrestins regulate a wide range of signaling events, most notably when bound to active G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among the known effectors recruited by GPCR-bound arrestins are Src family kinases, which regulate cellular growth and proliferation. Here, we focus on arrestin-3 interactions with Fgr kinase, a member of the Src family. Previous reports demonstrated that Fgr exhibits high constitutive activity, but can be further activated by both arrestin-dependent and arrestin-independent pathways. We report that arrestin-3 modulates Fgr activity with a hallmark bell-shaped concentration-dependence, consistent with a role as a signaling scaffold. We further demonstrate using NMR spectroscopy that a polyproline motif within arrestin-3 interacts directly with the SH3 domain of Fgr. To provide a framework for this interaction, we determined the crystal structure of the Fgr SH3 domain at 1.9 Å resolution and developed a model for the GPCR-arrestin-3-Fgr complex that is supported by mutagenesis. This model suggests that Fgr interacts with arrestin-3 at multiple sites and is consistent with the locations of disease-associated Fgr mutations. Collectively, these studies provide a structural framework for arrestin-dependent activation of Fgr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Perez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Sandra Berndt
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Rupesh Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA
| | - Manuel A Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | | | - Jeremy C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA.
| | - T M Iverson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA.
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10
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Li H, Luo Q, Shan W, Cai S, Tie R, Xu Y, Lin Y, Qian P, Huang H. Biomechanical cues as master regulators of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5881-5902. [PMID: 34232331 PMCID: PMC8316214 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) perceive both soluble signals and biomechanical inputs from their microenvironment and cells themselves. Emerging as critical regulators of the blood program, biomechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness, fluid mechanical stress, confined adhesiveness, and cell-intrinsic forces modulate multiple capacities of HSCs through mechanotransduction. In recent years, research has furthered the scientific community's perception of mechano-based signaling networks in the regulation of several cellular processes. However, the underlying molecular details of the biomechanical regulatory paradigm in HSCs remain poorly elucidated and researchers are still lacking in the ability to produce bona fide HSCs ex vivo for clinical use. This review presents an overview of the mechanical control of both embryonic and adult HSCs, discusses some recent insights into the mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, and highlights the application of mechanical cues aiming at HSC expansion or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Catara G, Spano D. Combinatorial Strategies to Target Molecular and Signaling Pathways to Disarm Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689131. [PMID: 34381714 PMCID: PMC8352560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an urgent public health issue with a very huge number of cases all over the world expected to increase by 2040. Despite improved diagnosis and therapeutic protocols, it remains the main leading cause of death in the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a tumor subpopulation defined by ability to self-renewal and to generate the heterogeneous and differentiated cell lineages that form the tumor bulk. These cells represent a major concern in cancer treatment due to resistance to conventional protocols of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. In fact, although partial or complete tumor regression can be achieved in patients, these responses are often followed by cancer relapse due to the expansion of CSCs population. The aberrant activation of developmental and oncogenic signaling pathways plays a relevant role in promoting CSCs therapy resistance. Although several targeted approaches relying on monotherapy have been developed to affect these pathways, they have shown limited efficacy. Therefore, an urgent need to design alternative combinatorial strategies to replace conventional regimens exists. This review summarizes the preclinical studies which provide a proof of concept of therapeutic efficacy of combinatorial approaches targeting the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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12
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Simonetti G, Angeli D, Petracci E, Fonzi E, Vedovato S, Sperotto A, Padella A, Ghetti M, Ferrari A, Robustelli V, Di Liddo R, Conconi MT, Papayannidis C, Cerchione C, Rondoni M, Astolfi A, Ottaviani E, Martinelli G, Gottardi M. Adrenomedullin Expression Characterizes Leukemia Stem Cells and Associates With an Inflammatory Signature in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684396. [PMID: 34150648 PMCID: PMC8208888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a hypotensive and vasodilator peptide belonging to the calcitonin gene-related peptide family. It is secreted in vitro by endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, and is significantly upregulated by a number of stimuli. Moreover, ADM participates in the regulation of hematopoietic compartment, solid tumors and leukemias, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To better characterize ADM involvement in AML pathogenesis, we investigated its expression during human hematopoiesis and in leukemic subsets, based on a morphological, cytogenetic and molecular characterization and in T cells from AML patients. In hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and T lymphocytes from healthy subjects, ADM transcript was barely detectable. It was expressed at low levels by megakaryocytes and erythroblasts, while higher levels were measured in neutrophils, monocytes and plasma cells. Moreover, cells populating the hematopoietic niche, including mesenchymal stem cells, showed to express ADM. ADM was overexpressed in AML cells versus normal CD34+ cells and in the subset of leukemia compared with hematopoietic stem cells. In parallel, we detected a significant variation of ADM expression among cytogenetic subgroups, measuring the highest levels in inv(16)/t(16;16) or complex karyotype AML. According to the mutational status of AML-related genes, the analysis showed a lower expression of ADM in FLT3-ITD, NPM1-mutated AML and FLT3-ITD/NPM1-mutated cases compared with wild-type ones. Moreover, ADM expression had a negative impact on overall survival within the favorable risk class, while showing a potential positive impact within the subgroup receiving a not-intensive treatment. The expression of 135 genes involved in leukemogenesis, regulation of cell proliferation, ferroptosis, protection from apoptosis, HIF-1α signaling, JAK-STAT pathway, immune and inflammatory responses was correlated with ADM levels in the bone marrow cells of at least two AML cohorts. Moreover, ADM was upregulated in CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells from AML patients compared with healthy controls and some ADM co-expressed genes participate in a signature of immune tolerance that characterizes CD4+ T cells from leukemic patients. Overall, our study shows that ADM expression in AML associates with a stem cell phenotype, inflammatory signatures and genes related to immunosuppression, all factors that contribute to therapy resistance and disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Davide Angeli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Petracci
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Eugenio Fonzi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Susanna Vedovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sperotto
- Hematology and Transplant Center Unit, Dipartimento di Area Medica (DAME), Udine University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Padella
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Martina Ghetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Rondoni
- Hematology Unit & Romagna Transplant Network, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ottaviani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michele Gottardi
- Onco Hematology, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV, IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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13
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Zhang P, Kitchen-Smith I, Xiong L, Stracquadanio G, Brown K, Richter PH, Wallace MD, Bond E, Sahgal N, Moore S, Nornes S, De Val S, Surakhy M, Sims D, Wang X, Bell DA, Zeron-Medina J, Jiang Y, Ryan AJ, Selfe JL, Shipley J, Kar S, Pharoah PD, Loveday C, Jansen R, Grochola LF, Palles C, Protheroe A, Millar V, Ebner DV, Pagadala M, Blagden SP, Maughan TS, Domingo E, Tomlinson I, Turnbull C, Carter H, Bond GL. Germline and Somatic Genetic Variants in the p53 Pathway Interact to Affect Cancer Risk, Progression, and Drug Response. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1667-1680. [PMID: 33558336 PMCID: PMC10266546 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insights into oncogenesis derived from cancer susceptibility loci (SNP) hold the potential to facilitate better cancer management and treatment through precision oncology. However, therapeutic insights have thus far been limited by our current lack of understanding regarding both interactions of these loci with somatic cancer driver mutations and their influence on tumorigenesis. For example, although both germline and somatic genetic variation to the p53 tumor suppressor pathway are known to promote tumorigenesis, little is known about the extent to which such variants cooperate to alter pathway activity. Here we hypothesize that cancer risk-associated germline variants interact with somatic TP53 mutational status to modify cancer risk, progression, and response to therapy. Focusing on a cancer risk SNP (rs78378222) with a well-documented ability to directly influence p53 activity as well as integration of germline datasets relating to cancer susceptibility with tumor data capturing somatically-acquired genetic variation provided supportive evidence for this hypothesis. Integration of germline and somatic genetic data enabled identification of a novel entry point for therapeutic manipulation of p53 activities. A cluster of cancer risk SNPs resulted in increased expression of prosurvival p53 target gene KITLG and attenuation of p53-mediated responses to genotoxic therapies, which were reversed by pharmacologic inhibition of the prosurvival c-KIT signal. Together, our results offer evidence of how cancer susceptibility SNPs can interact with cancer driver genes to affect cancer progression and identify novel combinatorial therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: These results offer evidence of how cancer susceptibility SNPs can interact with cancer driver genes to affect cancer progression and present novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Kitchen-Smith
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lingyun Xiong
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Brown
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp H Richter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marsha D Wallace
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Bond
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Moore
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svanhild Nornes
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah De Val
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mirvat Surakhy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Sims
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xuting Wang
- Environmental Epigenomics and Disease Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Douglas A Bell
- Environmental Epigenomics and Disease Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jorge Zeron-Medina
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chey Loveday
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rick Jansen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | | | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Protheroe
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Val Millar
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel V Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Meghana Pagadala
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah P Blagden
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enric Domingo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Gareth L Bond
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Ianevski A, Lahtela J, Javarappa KK, Sergeev P, Ghimire BR, Gautam P, Vähä-Koskela M, Turunen L, Linnavirta N, Kuusanmäki H, Kontro M, Porkka K, Heckman CA, Mattila P, Wennerberg K, Giri AK, Aittokallio T. Patient-tailored design for selective co-inhibition of leukemic cell subpopulations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe4038. [PMID: 33608276 PMCID: PMC7895436 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive drug resistance requires rational approaches to design personalized combinatorial treatments that exploit patient-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities to selectively target disease-driving cell subpopulations. To solve the combinatorial explosion challenge, we implemented an effective machine learning approach that prioritizes patient-customized drug combinations with a desired synergy-efficacy-toxicity balance by combining single-cell RNA sequencing with ex vivo single-agent testing in scarce patient-derived primary cells. When applied to two diagnostic and two refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient cases, each with a different genetic background, we accurately predicted patient-specific combinations that not only resulted in synergistic cancer cell co-inhibition but also were capable of targeting specific AML cell subpopulations that emerge in differing stages of disease pathogenesis or treatment regimens. Our functional precision oncology approach provides an unbiased means for systematic identification of personalized combinatorial regimens that selectively co-inhibit leukemic cells while avoiding inhibition of nonmalignant cells, thereby increasing their likelihood for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jenni Lahtela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Komal K Javarappa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp Sergeev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bishwa R Ghimire
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Turunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nora Linnavirta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kontro
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anil K Giri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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K. Bhanumathy K, Balagopal A, Vizeacoumar FS, Vizeacoumar FJ, Freywald A, Giambra V. Protein Tyrosine Kinases: Their Roles and Their Targeting in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020184. [PMID: 33430292 PMCID: PMC7825731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Protein phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism that controls a wide variety of cellular responses. This process is catalysed by the members of the protein kinase superfamily that are classified into two main families based on their ability to phosphorylate either tyrosine or serine and threonine residues in their substrates. Massive research efforts have been invested in dissecting the functions of tyrosine kinases, revealing their importance in the initiation and progression of human malignancies. Based on these investigations, numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been included in clinical protocols and proved to be effective in targeted therapies for various haematological malignancies. In this review, we provide insights into the role of tyrosine kinases in leukaemia and discuss their targeting for therapeutic purposes with the currently available inhibitory compounds. Abstract Protein kinases constitute a large group of enzymes catalysing protein phosphorylation and controlling multiple signalling events. The human protein kinase superfamily consists of 518 members and represents a complicated system with intricate internal and external interactions. Protein kinases are classified into two main families based on the ability to phosphorylate either tyrosine or serine and threonine residues. Among the 90 tyrosine kinase genes, 58 are receptor types classified into 20 groups and 32 are of the nonreceptor types distributed into 10 groups. Tyrosine kinases execute their biological functions by controlling a variety of cellular responses, such as cell division, metabolism, migration, cell–cell and cell matrix adhesion, cell survival and apoptosis. Over the last 30 years, a major focus of research has been directed towards cancer-associated tyrosine kinases owing to their critical contributions to the development and aggressiveness of human malignancies through the pathological effects on cell behaviour. Leukaemia represents a heterogeneous group of haematological malignancies, characterised by an uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated hematopoietic cells or leukaemia blasts, mostly derived from bone marrow. They are usually classified as chronic or acute, depending on the rates of their progression, as well as myeloid or lymphoblastic, according to the type of blood cells involved. Overall, these malignancies are relatively common amongst both children and adults. In malignant haematopoiesis, multiple tyrosine kinases of both receptor and nonreceptor types, including AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), Mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET), proto-oncogene c-Src (SRC), Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and pro-oncogenic Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 (ABL1) mutants, are implicated in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of practically all types of leukaemia. The role of ABL1 kinase mutants and their therapeutic inhibitors have been extensively analysed in scientific literature, and therefore, in this review, we provide insights into the impact and mechanism of action of other tyrosine kinases involved in the development and progression of human leukaemia and discuss the currently available and emerging treatment options based on targeting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana K. Bhanumathy
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (A.B.); (F.J.V.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (V.G.); Tel.: +1-(306)-716-7456 (K.K.B.); +39-0882-416574 (V.G.)
| | - Amrutha Balagopal
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (A.B.); (F.J.V.)
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (F.S.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (A.B.); (F.J.V.)
- Cancer Research Department, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (F.S.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (V.G.); Tel.: +1-(306)-716-7456 (K.K.B.); +39-0882-416574 (V.G.)
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16
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Targeted inhibition of cooperative mutation- and therapy-induced AKT activation in AML effectively enhances response to chemotherapy. Leukemia 2020; 35:2030-2042. [PMID: 33299144 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most AML patients exhibit mutational activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which promotes downstream effects including growth, survival, DNA repair, and resistance to chemotherapy. Herein we demonstrate that the inv(16)/KITD816Y AML mouse model exhibits constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, which was enhanced by chemotherapy-induced DNA damage through DNA-PK-dependent AKT phosphorylation. Strikingly, inhibitors of either PI3K or DNA-PK markedly reduced chemotherapy-induced AKT phosphorylation and signaling leading to increased DNA damage and apoptosis of inv(16)/KITD816Y AML cells in response to chemotherapy. Consistently, combinations of chemotherapy and PI3K or DNA-PK inhibitors synergistically inhibited growth and survival of clonogenic AML cells without substantially inhibiting normal clonogenic bone marrow cells. Moreover, treatment of inv(16)/KITD816Y AML mice with combinations of chemotherapy and PI3K or DNA-PK inhibitors significantly prolonged survival compared to untreated/single-treated mice. Mechanistically, our findings implicate that constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT signaling driven by mutant KIT, and potentially other mutational activators such as FLT3 and RAS, cooperates with chemotherapy-induced DNA-PK-dependent activation of AKT to promote survival, DNA repair, and chemotherapy resistance in AML. Hence, our study provides a rationale to select AML patients exhibiting constitutive PI3K/AKT activation for simultaneous treatment with chemotherapy and inhibitors of DNA-PK and PI3K to improve chemotherapy response and clinical outcome.
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17
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Heo SK, Noh EK, Yu HM, Kim DK, Seo HJ, Lee YJ, Cheon J, Koh SJ, Min YJ, Choi Y, Jo JC. Radotinib enhances cytarabine (Ara-C)-induced acute myeloid leukemia cell death. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1193. [PMID: 33276759 PMCID: PMC7718665 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease that frequently relapses after standard chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a need for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents that could treat AML effectively. Radotinib, an oral BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was developed as a drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Previously, we reported that radotinib exerts increased cytotoxic effects towards AML cells. However, little is known about the effects of combining radotinib with Ara-C, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent for AML, with respect to cell death in AML cells. Therefore, we investigated combination effects of radotinib and Ara-C on AML in this study. Methods Synergistic anti-cancer effects of radotinib and Ara-C in AML cells including HL60, HEL92.1.7, THP-1 and bone marrow cells from AML patients have been examined. Diverse cell biological assays such as cell viability assay, Annexin V-positive cells, caspase-3 activity, cell cycle distribution, and related signaling pathway have been performed. Results The combination of radotinib and Ara-C was found to induce AML cell apoptosis, which involved the mitochondrial pathway. In brief, combined radotinib and Ara-C significantly induced Annexin V-positive cells, cytosolic cytochrome C, and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax in AML cells including HL60, HEL92.1.7, and THP-1. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-xl protein were markedly decreased by radotinib and Ara-C. Moreover, this combination induced caspase-3 activity. Cleaved caspase-3, 7, and 9 levels were also increased by combined radotinib and Ara-C. Additionally, radotinib and Ara-C co-treatment induced G0/G1 arrest via the induction of CDKIs such as p21 and p27 and the inhibition of CDK2 and cyclin E. Thus, radotinib/Ara-C induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest via the regulation of the CDKI–CDK–cyclin cascade in AML cells. In addition, our results showed that combined treatment with radotinib and Ara-C inhibits AML cell growth, including tumor volumes and weights in vivo. Also, the combination of radotinib and Ara-C can sensitize cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as daunorubicin or idarubicin in AML cells. Conclusions Therefore, our results can be concluded that radotinib in combination with Ara-C possesses a strong anti-AML activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07701-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Yu
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Tremblay CS, Chiu SK, Saw J, McCalmont H, Litalien V, Boyle J, Sonderegger SE, Chau N, Evans K, Cerruti L, Salmon JM, McCluskey A, Lock RB, Robinson PJ, Jane SM, Curtis DJ. Small molecule inhibition of Dynamin-dependent endocytosis targets multiple niche signals and impairs leukemia stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6211. [PMID: 33277497 PMCID: PMC7719179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia can usually induce complete remission, but fails in many patients to eradicate the leukemia stem cells responsible for relapse. There is accumulating evidence that these relapse-inducing cells are maintained and protected by signals provided by the microenvironment. Thus, inhibition of niche signals is a proposed strategy to target leukemia stem cells but this requires knowledge of the critical signals and may be subject to compensatory mechanisms. Signals from the niche require receptor-mediated endocytosis, a generic process dependent on the Dynamin family of large GTPases. Here, we show that Dynole 34-2, a potent inhibitor of Dynamin GTPase activity, can block transduction of key signalling pathways and overcome chemoresistance of leukemia stem cells. Our results provide a significant conceptual advance in therapeutic strategies for acute leukemia that may be applicable to other malignancies in which signals from the niche are involved in disease progression and chemoresistance. The tumour microenvironment provides signals to support leukaemic stem cells (LSC) maintenance and chemoresistance. Here, the authors show that disrupting niche-associated signalling by inhibiting receptor-mediated endocytosis with a dynamin GTPase inhibitor overcomes chemoresistance of LSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric S Tremblay
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sung Kai Chiu
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesslyn Saw
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah McCalmont
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronique Litalien
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Boyle
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan E Sonderegger
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Loretta Cerruti
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica M Salmon
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Tavor S, Shalit T, Chapal Ilani N, Moskovitz Y, Livnat N, Groner Y, Barr H, Minden MD, Plotnikov A, Deininger MW, Kaushansky N, Shlush LI. Dasatinib response in acute myeloid leukemia is correlated with FLT3/ITD, PTPN11 mutations and a unique gene expression signature. Haematologica 2020; 105:2795-2804. [PMID: 33256378 PMCID: PMC7726833 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.240705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel targeted therapies demonstrate improved survival in specific subgroups (defined by genetic variants) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, validating the paradigm of molecularly targeted therapy. However, identifying correlations between AML molecular attributes and effective therapies is challenging. Recent advances in high-throughput in vitro drug sensitivity screening applied to primary AML blasts were used to uncover such correlations; however, these methods cannot predict the response of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Our study aimed to predict in vitro response to targeted therapies, based on molecular markers, with subsequent validation in LSCs. We performed ex vivo sensitivity screening to 46 drugs on 29 primary AML samples at diagnosis or relapse. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis we identified group with sensitivity to several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including the multi-TKI, dasatinib, and searched for correlations between dasatinib response, exome sequencing and gene expression from our dataset and from the Beat AML dataset. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of gene expression resulted in clustering of dasatinib responders and non-responders. In vitro response to dasatinib could be predicted based on gene expression (AUC=0.78). Furthermore, mutations in FLT3/ITD and PTPN11 were enriched in the dasatinib sensitive samples as opposed to mutations in TP53 which were enriched in resistant samples. Based on these results, we selected FLT3/ITD AML samples and injected them to NSG-SGM3 mice. Our results demonstrate that in a subgroup of FLT3/ITD AML (4 out of 9) dasatinib significantly inhibits LSC engraftment. In summary we show that dasatinib has an anti-leukemic effect both on bulk blasts and, more importantly, LSCs from a subset of AML patients that can be identified based on mutational and expression profiles. Our data provide a rational basis for clinical trials of dasatinib in a molecularly selected subset of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Tavor
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- G-INCPM, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Chapal Ilani
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoni Moskovitz
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Livnat
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Haim Barr
- G-INCPM, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (UHN) Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Michael W Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nathali Kaushansky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liran I Shlush
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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20
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Nishiwaki S, Kim JH, Ito M, Maeda M, Okuno Y, Koyama D, Ozawa Y, Gunji M, Osaki M, Kitamura K, Ushijima Y, Ishikawa Y, Miyamura K, Sugiura I, Kiyoi H. Multi-Lineage BCR-ABL Expression in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Associated With Improved Prognosis but No Specific Molecular Features. Front Oncol 2020; 10:586567. [PMID: 33194739 PMCID: PMC7646258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.586567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, various blood cell lineages expressing the BCR-ABL fusion gene in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been reported. However, the biological and clinical significance of these BCR-ABL lineages has not been established; therefore, we aimed to clarify the impacts of these different BCR-ABL-expressing lineages. Patients Multi-lineage BCR-ABL expression (multi-Ph) was defined as BCR-ABL expression outside of the B-lineage compartment, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in peripheral blood neutrophils and bone marrow clots, and flow cytometry-sorted polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We analyzed IKZF1 deletion patterns by PCR, examined gene expression profiles using RNA sequencing, and compared treatment outcomes across different BCR-ABL-expressing lineages. Results Among the 21 multi-Ph patients in our 59-patient cohort (36%), BCR-ABL expression was detected at the multipotential progenitor level. However, no IKZF1 deletion patterns or gene expression profiles were identified that were specific for multi-Ph. However, multi-Ph patients were found to have better survival rates than patients with uni-lineage BCR-ABL expression [event-free survival (EFS): 74 vs. 33%, P = 0.01; overall survival (OS): 79 vs. 44% at 4 years, P = 0.01]. In multivariate analyses, multi-Ph was identified as a good prognostic factor for both EFS and OS. Conclusion We confirmed that more than one-third of Ph+ALL patients could be classified as mutli-Ph. Although no specific molecular characteristics were identified for multi-Ph, this phenotype was associated with better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nishiwaki
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jeong Hui Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Matsuyoshi Maeda
- Division of Pathology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Ozawa
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaharu Gunji
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Osaki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunio Kitamura
- Division of Hematology, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoko Ushijima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyamura
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isamu Sugiura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Voisset E, Brenet F, Lopez S, de Sepulveda P. SRC-Family Kinases in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Mastocytosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071996. [PMID: 32708273 PMCID: PMC7409304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases have been recognized as important actors of cell transformation and cancer progression, since their discovery as products of viral oncogenes. SRC-family kinases (SFKs) play crucial roles in normal hematopoiesis. Not surprisingly, they are hyperactivated and are essential for membrane receptor downstream signaling in hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and mastocytosis. The precise roles of SFKs are difficult to delineate due to the number of substrates, the functional redundancy among members, and the use of tools that are not selective. Yet, a large num ber of studies have accumulated evidence to support that SFKs are rational therapeutic targets in AML and mastocytosis. These two pathologies are regulated by two related receptor tyrosine kinases, which are well known in the field of hematology: FLT3 and KIT. FLT3 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in AML, while KIT oncogenic mutations occur in 80-90% of mastocytosis. Studies on oncogenic FLT3 and KIT signaling have shed light on specific roles for members of the SFK family. This review highlights the central roles of SFKs in AML and mastocytosis, and their interconnection with FLT3 and KIT oncoproteins.
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22
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Paez PA, Kolawole M, Taruselli MT, Ajith S, Dailey JM, Kee SA, Haque TT, Barnstein BO, McLeod JJA, Caslin HL, Kiwanuka KN, Fukuoka Y, Le QT, Schwartz LB, Straus DB, Gewirtz DA, Martin RK, Ryan JJ. Fluvastatin Induces Apoptosis in Primary and Transformed Mast Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:104-112. [PMID: 32434944 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin drugs are widely employed in the clinic to reduce serum cholesterol. Because of their hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase antagonism, statins also reduce isoprenyl lipids necessary for the membrane anchorage and signaling of small G-proteins in the Ras superfamily. We previously found that statins suppress immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cell activation, suggesting these drugs might be useful in treating allergic disease. Although IgE-induced function is critical to allergic inflammation, mast cell proliferation and survival also impact atopic disease and mast cell neoplasia. In this study, we describe fluvastatin-mediated apoptosis in primary and transformed mast cells. An IC50 was achieved between 0.8 and 3.5 μM in both cell types, concentrations similar to the reported fluvastatin serum Cmax value. Apoptosis was correlated with reduced stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated signal transduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase activation. Complementing these data, we found that p53 deficiency or Bcl-2 overexpression reduced fluvastatin-induced apoptosis. We also noted evidence of cytoprotective autophagy in primary mast cells treated with fluvastatin. Finally, we found that intraperitoneal fluvastatin treatment reduced peritoneal mast cell numbers in vivo These findings offer insight into the mechanisms of mast cell survival and support the possible utility of statins in mast cell-associated allergic and neoplastic diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Fluvastatin, a statin drug used to lower cholesterol, induces apoptosis in primary and transformed mast cells by antagonizing protein isoprenylation, effectively inhibiting stem cell factor (SCF)-induced survival signals. This drug may be an effective means of suppressing mast cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Paez
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Motunrayo Kolawole
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Siddarth Ajith
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jordan M Dailey
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sydney A Kee
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tamara T Haque
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Brian O Barnstein
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jamie Josephine Avila McLeod
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Heather L Caslin
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kasalina N Kiwanuka
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yoshihiro Fukuoka
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Quang T Le
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lawrence B Schwartz
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David B Straus
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John J Ryan
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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23
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Cavalcante MB, Saccon TD, Nunes ADC, Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T, Schneider A, Masternak MM. Dasatinib plus quercetin prevents uterine age-related dysfunction and fibrosis in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2711-2722. [PMID: 31955151 PMCID: PMC7041753 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The uterine fibrosis contributes to gestational outcomes. Collagen deposition in the uterus is related to uterine aging. Senolytic therapies are an option for reducing health complications related to aging. We investigated effects of aging and the senolytic drug combination of dasatinib plus quercetin (D+Q) on uterine fibrosis. Forty mice, 20 young females (03-months) and 20 old females (18-months), were analyzed. Young (Y) and old (O) animals were divided into groups of 10 mice, with one treatment (T) group (YT and OT) and another control © group (YC and OC). Comparative analysis of Pi3k/Akt1/mTor and p53 gene expression and related microRNAs (miR34a, miR34b, miR34c, miR146a, miR449a, miR21a, miR126a, and miR181b) among groups was performed to test effects of age and treatment on collagen deposition pathways. Aging promoted downregulation of the Pi3k/Akt1/mTor signaling pathway (P = 0.005, P = 0.031, and P = 0.028, respectively) as well as a reduction in expression of miR34c (P = 0.029), miR126a (P = 0.009), and miR181b (P = 0.007). D+Q treatment increased p53 gene expression (P = 0.041) and decreased miR34a (P = 0.016). Our results demonstrate a role for the Pi3k/Akt1/mTor signaling pathway in uterine aging and suggest for the first time a possible anti-fibrotic effect in the uterus of D+Q senolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo B Cavalcante
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60811-905, CE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana D Saccon
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.,Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Allancer D C Nunes
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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24
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SOCS1: phosphorylation, dimerization and tumor suppression. Oncoscience 2019; 6:386-389. [PMID: 31984217 PMCID: PMC6959930 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are upregulated following JAK-STAT pathway activation by cytokines. SOCS proteins are recognized inhibitors of cytokine signaling playing roles in cell growth and differentiation. Moreover, SOCS1 and SOCS3 have been shown to be involved in tumor suppression through their ability to interact with p53 leading to the activation of its transcriptional program and showing the implication of SOCS family members in the regulation of apoptosis, ferroptosis and senescence. More recently, we demonstrated that the SRC family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (SFK) can phosphorylate SOCS1 leading to its homodimerization and inhibiting its interaction with p53. Then, we reactivated the SOCS1-p53 tumor suppressor axis with the SFK inhibitor dasatinib in combination with the p53 activating compound PRIMA. This work suggests new avenues for cancer treatment and leaves open several new questions that deserve to be addressed.
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25
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Niza E, Noblejas-López MDM, Bravo I, Nieto-Jiménez C, Castro-Osma JA, Canales-Vázquez J, Lara-Sanchez A, Galán Moya EM, Burgos M, Ocaña A, Alonso-Moreno C. Trastuzumab-Targeted Biodegradable Nanoparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Dasatinib in HER2+ Metastasic Breast Cancer. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121793. [PMID: 31888247 PMCID: PMC6955794 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dasatinib (DAS) is a multikinase inhibitor that acts on several signaling kinases. DAS is used as a second-line treatment for chronic accelerated myeloid and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The therapeutic potential of DAS in other solid tumours is under evaluation. As for many other compounds, an improvement in their pharmacokinetic and delivery properties would potential augment the efficacy. Antibody-targeted biodegradable nanoparticles can be useful in targeted cancer therapy. DAS has shown activity in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive tumors, so conjugation of this compound with the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab (TAB) with the use of nanocarriers could improve its efficacy. TAB-targeted DAS-loaded nanoparticles were generated by nanotechnology. The guided nanocarriers enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity of DAS against HER2 human breast cancer cell lines. Cellular mechanistic, release studies and nanoparticles stability were undertaken to provide evidences for positioning DAS-loaded TAB-targeted nanoparticles as a potential strategy for further development in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Niza
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, UCLM, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (E.N.); (J.A.C.-O.)
| | - María del Mar Noblejas-López
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (C.N.-J.); (M.B.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), UCLM, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Iván Bravo
- Dpto. Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, UCLM, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Cristina Nieto-Jiménez
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (C.N.-J.); (M.B.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), UCLM, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Castro-Osma
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, UCLM, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (E.N.); (J.A.C.-O.)
| | | | - Agustín Lara-Sanchez
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas de Ciudad Real, UCLM, 13075 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Eva M. Galán Moya
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), UCLM, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (C.N.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (C.N.-J.); (M.B.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital clínico San Carlos, IdISSC and CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (C.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-96-7599-200 (C.A.-M.)
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, UCLM, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (E.N.); (J.A.C.-O.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (C.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-96-7599-200 (C.A.-M.)
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26
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Patel RK, Weir MC, Shen K, Snyder D, Cooper VS, Smithgall TE. Expression of myeloid Src-family kinases is associated with poor prognosis in AML and influences Flt3-ITD kinase inhibitor acquired resistance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225887. [PMID: 31790499 PMCID: PMC6886798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unregulated protein-tyrosine kinase signaling is a common feature of AML, often involving mutations in Flt3 and overexpression of myeloid Src-family kinases (Hck, Fgr, Lyn). Here we show that high-level expression of these Src kinases predicts poor survival in a large cohort of AML patients. To test the therapeutic benefit of Flt3 and Src-family kinase inhibition, we used the pyrrolopyrimidine kinase inhibitor A-419259. This compound potently inhibits Hck, Fgr, and Lyn as well as Flt3 bearing an activating internal tandem duplication (ITD). Flt3-ITD expression sensitized human TF-1 myeloid cells to growth arrest by A-419259, supporting direct action on the Flt3-ITD kinase domain. Cells transformed with the Flt3-ITD mutants D835Y and F691L were resistant to A-419259, while co-expression of Hck or Fgr restored inhibitor sensitivity to Flt3-ITD D835Y. Conversely, Hck and Fgr mutants with engineered A-419259 resistance mutations decreased sensitivity of TF-1/Flt3-ITD cells. To investigate de novo resistance mechanisms, A-419259-resistant Flt3-ITD+ AML cell populations were derived via long-term dose escalation. Whole exome sequencing identified a distinct Flt3-ITD kinase domain mutation (N676S/T) among all A-419259 target kinases in each of six independent resistant cell populations. These studies show that Hck and Fgr expression influences inhibitor sensitivity and the pathway to acquired resistance in Flt3-ITD+ AML.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Mutation, Missense
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-hck/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-hck/genetics
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Exome Sequencing
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
- src-Family Kinases/biosynthesis
- src-Family Kinases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Weir
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kexin Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vaughn S. Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Dorman HR, Close D, Wingert BM, Camacho CJ, Johnston PA, Smithgall TE. Discovery of Non-peptide Small Molecule Allosteric Modulators of the Src-family Kinase, Hck. Front Chem 2019; 7:822. [PMID: 31850311 PMCID: PMC6893557 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eight mammalian Src-family tyrosine kinases are dynamic, multi-domain structures, which adopt distinct “open” and “closed” conformations. In the closed conformation, the regulatory SH3 and SH2 domains pack against the back of the kinase domain, providing allosteric control of kinase activity. Small molecule ligands that engage the regulatory SH3-SH2 region have the potential to modulate Src-family kinase activity for therapeutic advantage. Here we describe an HTS-compatible fluorescence polarization assay to identify small molecules that interact with the unique-SH3-SH2-linker (U32L) region of Hck, a Src-family member expressed exclusively in cells of myeloid lineage. Hck has significant potential as a drug target in acute myeloid leukemia, an aggressive form of cancer with substantial unmet clinical need. The assay combines recombinant Hck U32L protein with a fluorescent probe peptide that binds to the SH3 domain in U32L, resulting in an increased FP signal. Library compounds that interact with the U32L protein and interfere with probe binding reduce the FP signal, scoring as hits. Automated 384-well high-throughput screening of 60,000 compounds yielded Z'-factor coefficients > 0.7 across nearly 200 assay plates, and identified a series of hit compounds with a shared pyrimidine diamine substructure. Surface plasmon resonance assays confirmed direct binding of hit compounds to the Hck U32L target protein as well as near-full-length Hck. Binding was not observed with the individual SH3 and SH2 domains, demonstrating that these compounds recognize a specific three-dimensional conformation of the regulatory regions. This conclusion is supported by computational docking studies, which predict ligand contacts with a pocket formed by the juxtaposition of the SH3 domain, the SH3-SH2 domain connector, and the SH2-kinase linker. Each of the four validated hits stimulated recombinant, near-full-length Hck activity in vitro, providing evidence for allosteric effects on the kinase domain. These results provide a path to discovery and development of chemical scaffolds to target the regulatory regions of Hck and other Src family kinases as a new approach to pharmacological kinase control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Dorman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bentley M Wingert
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Thomas E Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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28
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Niza E, Nieto-Jiménez C, Noblejas-López MDM, Bravo I, Castro-Osma JA, Cruz-Martínez FDL, Buchaca MMDS, Posadas I, Canales-Vázquez J, Lara-Sanchez A, Hermida-Merino D, Solano E, Ocaña A, Alonso-Moreno C. Poly(Cyclohexene Phthalate) Nanoparticles for Controlled Dasatinib Delivery in Breast Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1208. [PMID: 31461998 PMCID: PMC6780527 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect on the activity in breast cancer models of the small tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib (DAS), either alone or in combination with other antitumoral agents, has been recently explored. However, DAS is characterized by its low and highly pH-dependent solubility, which could lead to poor uptake of the drug limiting its tumoral efficacy. Thus far, the development of safe and efficient delivery vehicles of DAS to improve the therapeutic efficacy minimizing the toxicity profile is still required. In this work, a biodegradable and biocompatible polyester is assessed, for the first time, as raw material for the generation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). NPs of 100 nm with a narrow polydispersity were formulated for the encapsulation of DAS. The enzymatic and cellular degradation of the new drug delivery system has been studied, and the toxicity and blood compatibility evaluated for its potential clinical use. The new material used for the generation of nanoparticles led to encapsulate DAS in an efficient manner with quicker release DAS profile when compared with the FDA-approved biopolymer Polylactide. The new DAS-loaded polymeric nanocarrier gave a superior efficacy when compared to free DAS with no difference in the mechanism of action. The new NPs shown to be a promising DAS delivery system to be further evaluated for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Niza
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica. School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Cristina Nieto-Jiménez
- Oncología traslacional, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of Castilla, La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Iván Bravo
- Dpto. Química Física. School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - José Antonio Castro-Osma
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica. School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica. Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13075 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marc Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica. Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13075 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Posadas
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath CSIC-UCLM, Dpto. de Ciencias Médicas, School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Jesús Canales-Vázquez
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sanchez
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica. Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13075 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Dpto. Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica. School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
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29
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Dynamic regulatory features of the protein tyrosine kinases. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1101-1116. [PMID: 31395755 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The SRC, Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1, TEC and C-terminal SRC Kinase families of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (collectively the Src module kinases) mediate an array of cellular signaling processes and are therapeutic targets in many disease states. Crystal structures of Src modules kinases provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control activation and generate a framework from which drug discovery can advance. The conformational ensembles visited by these multidomain kinases in solution are also key features of the regulatory machinery controlling catalytic activity. Measurement of dynamic motions within kinases substantially augments information derived from crystal structures. In this review, we focus on a body of work that has transformed our understanding of non-receptor tyrosine kinase regulation from a static view to one that incorporates how fluctuations in conformational ensembles and dynamic motions influence activation status. Regulatory dynamic networks are often shared across and between kinase families while specific dynamic behavior distinguishes unique regulatory mechanisms for select kinases. Moreover, intrinsically dynamic regions of kinases likely play important regulatory roles that have only been partially explored. Since there is clear precedence that kinase inhibitors can exploit specific dynamic features, continued efforts to define conformational ensembles and dynamic allostery will be key to combating drug resistance and devising alternate treatments for kinase-associated diseases.
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30
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Targeting Tyrosine Kinases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Why, Who and How? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143429. [PMID: 31336846 PMCID: PMC6679203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid malignancy carrying a heterogeneous molecular panel of mutations participating in the blockade of differentiation and the increased proliferation of myeloid hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The historical "3 + 7" treatment (cytarabine and daunorubicin) is currently challenged by new therapeutic strategies, including drugs depending on the molecular landscape of AML. This panel of mutations makes it possible to combine some of these new treatments with conventional chemotherapy. For example, the FLT3 receptor is overexpressed or mutated in 80% or 30% of AML, respectively. Such anomalies have led to the development of targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this review, we document the history of TKI targeting, FLT3 and several other tyrosine kinases involved in dysregulated signaling pathways.
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31
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Saint-Germain E, Mignacca L, Huot G, Acevedo M, Moineau-Vallée K, Calabrese V, Bourdeau V, Rowell MC, Ilangumaran S, Lessard F, Ferbeyre G. Phosphorylation of SOCS1 Inhibits the SOCS1–p53 Tumor Suppressor Axis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3306-3319. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Naganna N, Opoku-Temeng C, Choi EY, Larocque E, Chang ET, Carter-Cooper BA, Wang M, Torregrosa-Allen SE, Elzey BD, Lapidus RG, Sintim HO. Amino alkynylisoquinoline and alkynylnaphthyridine compounds potently inhibit acute myeloid leukemia proliferation in mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:231-239. [PMID: 30686755 PMCID: PMC6413339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains one of the most lethal, rarely cured cancers, despite decades of active development of AML therapeutics. Currently, the 5-year survival of AML patients is about 30% and for elderly patients, the rate drops to <10%. About 30% of AML patients harbor an activating mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of Fms-Like Tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) or a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). Inhibitors of FLT3, such as Rydapt that was recently approved by the FDA, have shown good initial response but patients often relapse due to secondary mutations in the FLT3 TKD, like D835Y and F691 L mutations. METHODS Alkynyl aminoisoquinoline and naphthyridine compounds were synthesized via Sonogashira coupling. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo effects on leukemia growth. FINDINGS The compounds inhibited FLT3 kinase activity at low nanomolar concentrations. The lead compound, HSN431, also inhibited Src kinase activity. The compounds potently inhibited the viability of MV4-11 and MOLM-14 AML cells with IC50 values <1 nM. Furthermore, the viability of drug-resistant AML cells harboring the D835Y and F691 L mutations were potently inhibited. In vivo efficacy studies in mice demonstrated that the compounds could drastically reduce AML proliferation in mice. INTERPRETATION Compounds that inhibit FLT3 and downstream targets like Src (for example HSN431) are good leads for development as anti-AML agents. FUND: Purdue University, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (PIDD), Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Elks Foundation and NIH P30 CA023168.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Naganna
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eun Yong Choi
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Larocque
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | - Modi Wang
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Bennett D Elzey
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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33
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Calcinotto A, Kohli J, Zagato E, Pellegrini L, Demaria M, Alimonti A. Cellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1047-1078. [PMID: 30648461 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that occurs in proliferating cells subjected to different stresses. Senescence is, therefore, a cellular defense mechanism that prevents the cells to acquire an unnecessary damage. The senescent state is accompanied by a failure to re-enter the cell cycle in response to mitogenic stimuli, an enhanced secretory phenotype and resistance to cell death. Senescence takes place in several tissues during different physiological and pathological processes such as tissue remodeling, injury, cancer, and aging. Although senescence is one of the causative processes of aging and it is responsible of aging-related disorders, senescent cells can also play a positive role. In embryogenesis and tissue remodeling, senescent cells are required for the proper development of the embryo and tissue repair. In cancer, senescence works as a potent barrier to prevent tumorigenesis. Therefore, the identification and characterization of key features of senescence, the induction of senescence in cancer cells, or the elimination of senescent cells by pharmacological interventions in aging tissues is gaining consideration in several fields of research. Here, we describe the known key features of senescence, the cell-autonomous, and noncell-autonomous regulators of senescence, and we attempt to discuss the functional role of this fundamental process in different contexts in light of the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Jaskaren Kohli
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Elena Zagato
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Demaria
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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Tornillo G, Knowlson C, Kendrick H, Cooke J, Mirza H, Aurrekoetxea-Rodríguez I, Vivanco MDM, Buckley NE, Grigoriadis A, Smalley MJ. Dual Mechanisms of LYN Kinase Dysregulation Drive Aggressive Behavior in Breast Cancer Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 25:3674-3692.e10. [PMID: 30590041 PMCID: PMC6315108 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The SRC-family kinase LYN is highly expressed in triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer (TNBC) and in the cell of origin of these tumors, c-KIT-positive luminal progenitors. Here, we demonstrate LYN is a downstream effector of c-KIT in normal mammary cells and protective of apoptosis upon genotoxic stress. LYN activity is modulated by PIN1, a prolyl isomerase, and in BRCA1 mutant TNBC PIN1 upregulation activates LYN independently of c-KIT. Furthermore, the full-length LYN splice isoform (as opposed to the Δaa25-45 variant) drives migration and invasion of aggressive TNBC cells, while the ratio of splice variants is informative for breast cancer-specific survival across all breast cancers. Thus, dual mechanisms-uncoupling from upstream signals and splice isoform ratios-drive the activity of LYN in aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Catherine Knowlson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Howard Kendrick
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Joe Cooke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Hasan Mirza
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Maria D M Vivanco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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35
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Shen K, Moroco JA, Patel RK, Shi H, Engen JR, Dorman HR, Smithgall TE. The Src family kinase Fgr is a transforming oncoprotein that functions independently of SH3-SH2 domain regulation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/553/eaat5916. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fgr is a member of the Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which are overexpressed and constitutively active in many human cancers. Fgr expression is restricted to myeloid hematopoietic cells and is markedly increased in a subset of bone marrow samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we investigated the oncogenic potential of Fgr using Rat-2 fibroblasts that do not express the kinase. Expression of either wild-type or regulatory tail-mutant constructs of Fgr promoted cellular transformation (inferred from colony formation in soft agar), which was accompanied by phosphorylation of the Fgr activation loop, suggesting that the kinase domain of Fgr functions independently of regulation by its noncatalytic SH3-SH2 region. Unlike other family members, recombinant Fgr was not activated by SH3-SH2 domain ligands. However, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry data suggested that the regulatory SH3 and SH2 domains packed against the back of the kinase domain in a Src-like manner. Sequence alignment showed that the activation loop of Fgr was distinct from that of all other Src family members, with proline rather than alanine at the +2 position relative to the activation loop tyrosine. Substitution of the activation loop of Fgr with the sequence from Src partially inhibited kinase activity and suppressed colony formation. Last, Fgr expression enhanced the sensitivity of human myeloid progenitor cells to the cytokine GM-CSF. Because its kinase domain is not sensitive to SH3-SH2–mediated control, simple overexpression of Fgr without mutation may contribute to oncogenic transformation in AML and other blood cancers.
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36
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Seipel K, Marques MAT, Sidler C, Mueller BU, Pabst T. MDM2- and FLT3-inhibitors in the treatment of FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia, specificity and efficacy of NVP-HDM201 and midostaurin. Haematologica 2018; 103:1862-1872. [PMID: 29976747 PMCID: PMC6278968 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.191650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis for FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia with high allelic ratio (>0.5) is poor, particularly in relapse, refractory to or unfit for intensive treatment, thus highlighting an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. The combined use of compounds targeting both the mutated FLT3 receptor and cellular p53 inhibitors might be a promising treatment option for this poor risk leukemia subset. We therefore assessed MDM2 and FLT3 inhibitors as well as cytotoxic compounds used for conventional induction treatment as single agents and in combination for their ability to induce apoptosis and cell death in leukemic cells. Acute myeloid leukemia cells represented all major morphologic and molecular subtypes with normal karyotype, including FLT3-ITD (>0.5) and FLT3 wild type, NPM1 mutant and NPM1 wild type, as well as TP53 mutant and TP53 wild type cell lines. Acute myeloid leukemia cells with mutated or deleted TP53 were resistant to MDM2- and FLT3-inhibitors. FLT3-ITD positive TP53 wild type acute myeloid leukemia cells were significantly more susceptible to FLT3-inhibitors than FLT3-ITD negative TP53 wild type cells. The presence of a NPM1 mutation reduced the susceptibility of TP53 wild type acute myeloid leukemia cells to the MDM2 inhibitor NVP-HDM201. Moreover, the combined use of MDM2- and FLT3-inhibitors was superior to single agent treatment, and the combination of midostaurin and NVP-HDM201 was as specific and effective against FLT3-ITD positive TP53 wild type cells as the combination of midostaurin with conventional induction therapy. In summary, the combined use of the MDM2 inhibitor NVP-HDM201 and the FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin was a most effective and specific treatment to target TP53 and NPM1 wild type acute myeloid leukemia cells with high allelic FLT3-ITD ratio. These data suggest that the combined use of NVP-HDM201 and midostaurin might be a promising treatment option particularly in FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia relapsed or refractory to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Seipel
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern.,Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Beatrice U Mueller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
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37
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Weir MC, Shu ST, Patel RK, Hellwig S, Chen L, Tan L, Gray NS, Smithgall TE. Selective Inhibition of the Myeloid Src-Family Kinase Fgr Potently Suppresses AML Cell Growth in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1551-1559. [PMID: 29763550 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is the most common hematologic malignancy in adults and is often associated with constitutive tyrosine kinase signaling. These pathways involve the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases Fes, Syk, and the three Src-family kinases expressed in myeloid cells (Fgr, Hck, and Lyn). In this study, we report remarkable anti-AML efficacy of an N-phenylbenzamide kinase inhibitor, TL02-59. This compound potently suppressed the proliferation of bone marrow samples from 20 of 26 AML patients, with a striking correlation between inhibitor sensitivity and expression levels of the myeloid Src family kinases Fgr, Hck, and Lyn. No correlation was observed with Flt3 expression or mutational status, with the four most sensitive patient samples being wild-type for Flt3. Kinome-wide target specificity profiling coupled with in vitro kinase assays demonstrated a narrow overall target specificity profile for TL02-59, with picomolar potency against the myeloid Src-family member Fgr. In a mouse xenograft model of AML, oral administration of TL02-59 for 3 weeks at 10 mg/kg completely eliminated leukemic cells from the spleen and peripheral blood while significantly reducing bone marrow engraftment. These results identify Fgr as a previously unrecognized kinase inhibitor target in AML and TL02-59 as a possible lead compound for clinical development in AML cases that overexpress this kinase independent of Flt3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Weir
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sherry T. Shu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ravi K. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sabine Hellwig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Thomas E. Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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38
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Sui X, Cai J, Li H, He C, Zhou C, Dong Y, Chen L, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Shen Y, Wu H, Xiao J, Mason C, Zhu Q, Han S. p53-dependent CD51 expression contributes to characteristics of cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:523. [PMID: 29743605 PMCID: PMC5943274 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is considered to contain cancer stem cells (CSCs), leads to a high relapse rate in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the markers of prostate CSCs are controversial. Here we demonstrate that CD51, in part, correlates with the poor prognosis of PCa patients. Further, we find that CD51 is a functional molecule that is able to promote the malignancy of PCa through enhancing tumor initiation, metastatic potential, and chemoresistance. Moreover, we find that elevated CD51 expression in PCa specimens correlates with p53 loss of function. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that p53 acts via Sp1/3 to repress CD51 transcription, and CD51 is required for PCa stemness and metastasis properties, and is downregulated by p53. Taken together, these results indicate that CD51 is a novel functional marker for PCa, which may provide a therapeutic target for the efficiently restricting PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenchen He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congya Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiping Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinong Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yutian Shen
- Guangzhou Cellgenes Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoxiang Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Clifford Mason
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Abdominal Cancer, West China School of Medicine/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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39
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Adding dasatinib to intensive treatment in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia-results of the AMLSG 11-08 trial. Leukemia 2018; 32:1621-1630. [PMID: 29720733 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this phase Ib/IIa study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00850382) of the German-Austrian AML Study Group (AMLSG) the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib was added to intensive induction and consolidation chemotherapy and administered as single agent for 1-year maintenance in first-line treatment of adult patients with core-binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The primary combined end point in this study was safety and feasibility, and included the rates of early (ED) and hypoplastic (HD) deaths, pleural/pericardial effusion 3°/4° and liver toxicity 3°/4°, and the rate of refractory disease. Secondary end points were cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and death in complete remission (CID), and overall survival (OS). Eighty-nine pts [median age 49.5 years, range: 19-73 years; t(8;21), n = 37; inv (16), n = 52] were included. No unexpected excess in toxicity was observed. The rates of ED/HD and CR/CRi were 4.5% (4/89) and 94% (84/89), respectively. The 4-year estimated CIR, CID, and OS were 33.1% [95%-CI (confidence interval), 22.7-43.4%], 6.0% (95% CI, 0.9-11.2%), and 74.7% (95% CI, 66.1-84.5%), respectively. On the basis of the acceptable toxicity profile and favorable outcome in the AMLSG 11-08 trial, a confirmatory randomized phase III trial with dasatinib in adults with CBF-AML is ongoing (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02013648).
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40
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Chung SS, Eng WS, Hu W, Khalaj M, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Tavakkoli M, Levine RL, Carroll M, Klimek VM, Melnick AM, Park CY. CD99 is a therapeutic target on disease stem cells in myeloid malignancies. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/374/eaaj2025. [PMID: 28123069 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaj2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are initiated and sustained by self-renewing malignant stem cells; thus, eradication of AML and MDS stem cells is required for cure. We identified CD99 as a cell surface protein frequently overexpressed on AML and MDS stem cells. Expression of CD99 allows for prospective separation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) from functionally normal hematopoietic stem cells in AML, and high CD99 expression on AML blasts enriches for functional LSCs as demonstrated by limiting dilution xenotransplant studies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting CD99 induce the death of AML and MDS cells in a SARC family kinase-dependent manner in the absence of immune effector cells or complement, and anti-CD99 mAbs exhibit antileukemic activity in AML xenografts. These data establish CD99 as a marker of AML and MDS stem cells, as well as a promising therapeutic target in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Chung
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William S Eng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mona Khalaj
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Montreh Tavakkoli
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Martin Carroll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Klimek
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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41
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Abstract
Dasatinib is an oral available short-acting inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases. It was designed to inhibit ABL and SRC, but also has activity in multiple other kinases, including c-KIT, PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, and ephrin receptor kinases. Dasatinib is a very potent inhibitor of BCR-ABL and an effective treatment for the BCR-ABL-driven diseases chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL), characterized by the constitutively active tyrosine kinase, BCR-ABL. Dasatinib is approved for the treatment of CML (all phases) including children and for the treatment of Ph+ ALL, resistant or intolerant to prior imatinib treatment. Randomized trials in CML comparing dasatinib with imatinib show that first-line dasatinib causes significantly deeper and faster molecular remissions. In accelerated and blastic phase CML, as well as in Ph+ ALL, dasatinib frequently induces complete hematologic and cytogenetic remissions even in imatinib pretreated patients. Remissions however are often short. Dasatinib is administered independent of food intake as a once-daily dose of 100 mg in chronic phase CML and 140 mg in Ph+ ALL or blastic phase. Side effects of dasatinib are frequent but mostly moderate and manageable and include cytopenias and pleural effusions. The review presents the preclinical and clinical activity of dasatinib with a focus on clinical studies in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lindauer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum am Gesundbrunnen, Am Gesundbrunnen 20-24, 74078, Heilbronn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Abteilung Hämatologie/Onkologie, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740, Jena, Germany
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42
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Targeting c-KIT (CD117) by dasatinib and radotinib promotes acute myeloid leukemia cell death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15278. [PMID: 29127384 PMCID: PMC5681687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib and radotinib are oral BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors that were developed as drugs for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. We report here that the c-KIT (CD117) targeting with dasatinib and radotinib promotes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell death, and c-KIT endocytosis is essential for triggering c-KIT-positive AML cell death by dasatinib and radotinib during the early stages. In addition, dasatinib and radotinib reduce heat shock protein 90β (HSP90β) expression and release Apaf-1 in c-KIT-positive AML cells. Finally, this activates a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in c-KIT-positive AML cells. Moreover, the inhibition of c-KIT endocytosis by dynamin inhibitor (DY) reversed cell viability and c-KIT expression by dasatinib and radotinib. HSP90β expression was recovered by DY in c-KIT-positive AML cells as well. Furthermore, the effect of radotinib on c-KIT and HSP90β showed the same pattern in a xenograft animal model using HEL92.1.7 cells. Therefore, dasatinib and radotinib promote AML cell death by targeting c-KIT. Taken together, these results indicate that dasatinib and radotinib treatment have a potential role in anti-leukemic therapy on c-KIT-positive AML cells.
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43
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Tong J, Helmy M, Cavalli FMG, Jin L, St-Germain J, Karisch R, Taylor P, Minden MD, Taylor MD, Neel BG, Bader GD, Moran MF. Integrated analysis of proteome, phosphotyrosine-proteome, tyrosine-kinome, and tyrosine-phosphatome in acute myeloid leukemia. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28176486 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein-tyrosine phosphorylation is catalyzed by the antagonistic actions of protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and phosphatases (PTPs), and represents a major form of cell regulation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that results from the acquisition of multiple genetic alterations, which in some instances are associated with deregulated protein-phosphotyrosine (pY) mediated signaling networks. However, although individual PTKs and PTPs have been linked to AML and other malignancies, analysis of protein-pY networks as a function of activated PTKs and PTPs has not been done. In this study, MS was used to characterize AML proteomes, and phospho-proteome-subsets including pY proteins, PTKs, and PTPs. AML proteomes resolved into two groups related to high or low degrees of maturation according to French-American-British classification, and reflecting differential expression of cell surface antigens. AML pY proteomes reflect canonical, spatially organized signaling networks, unrelated to maturation, with heterogeneous expression of activated receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. We present the first integrated analysis of the pY-proteome, activated PTKs, and PTPs. Every PTP and most PTKs have both positive and negative associations with the pY-proteome. pY proteins resolve into groups with shared PTK and PTP correlations. These findings highlight the importance of pY turnover and the PTP phosphatome in shaping the pY-proteome in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Tong
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohamed Helmy
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lily Jin
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Robert Karisch
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Taylor
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Departmet of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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44
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Röselová P, Obr A, Holoubek A, Grebeňová D, Kuželová K. Adhesion structures in leukemia cells and their regulation by Src family kinases. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:286-298. [PMID: 28678601 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1344796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of leukemia blasts with the bone marrow extracellular matrix often results in protection of leukemia cells from chemotherapy and in persistence of the residual disease which is on the basis of subsequent relapses. The adhesion signaling pathways have been extensively studied in adherent cells as well as in mature haematopoietic cells, but the adhesion structures and signaling in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, either normal or malignant, are much less explored. We analyzed the interaction of leukemia cells with fibronectin (FN) using interference reflection microscopy, immunofluorescence, measurement of adherent cell fraction, real-time microimpedance measurement and live cell imaging. We found that leukemia cells form very dynamic adhesion structures similar to early stages of focal adhesions. In contrast to adherent cells, where Src family kinases (SFK) belong to important regulators of focal adhesion dynamics, we observed only minor effects of SFK inhibitor dasatinib on leukemia cell binding to FN. The relatively weak involvement of SFK in adhesion structure regulation might be associated with the lack of cytoskeletal mechanical tension in leukemia cells. On the other hand, active Lyn kinase was found to specifically localize to leukemia cell adhesion structures and a less firm cell attachment to FN was often associated with higher Lyn activity (this unexpectedly occurred also after cell treatment with the inhibitor SKI-1). Lyn thus may be important for signaling from integrin-associated complexes to other processes in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Röselová
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Adam Obr
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Holoubek
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Dana Grebeňová
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
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Weir MC, Hellwig S, Tan L, Liu Y, Gray NS, Smithgall TE. Dual inhibition of Fes and Flt3 tyrosine kinases potently inhibits Flt3-ITD+ AML cell growth. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181178. [PMID: 28727840 PMCID: PMC5519068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is often associated with activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase, Flt3, including internal tandem duplications (ITDs) within the regulatory juxtamembrane region. Previous studies have linked Flt3-ITD to the activation of the Fes protein tyrosine kinase in AML, and RNAi-knockdown studies suggest that Fes may be required for Flt3 function. In this study, we tested Fes inhibitors from three different chemical classes for their growth-suppressive activity against Flt3-ITD+ myeloid leukemia cell lines (MV4-11, MOLM-13 and MOLM-14) vs. myeloid cells with wild-type Flt3 (THP-1). All Fes inhibitors selectively inhibited the growth of Flt3-ITD+ AML cells, with IC50 values for diaminopyrimidine and pyrrolopyridine inhibitors ranging from 19 to 166 nM. In contrast, a pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitor was less potent in Flt3-ITD+ AML cells, with IC50 values in the 1.0 μM range. In vitro kinase assays showed that the most potent inhibitors of Flt3-ITD+ AML cell proliferation blocked both Fes and Flt3-ITD kinase activity, while the pyrazolopyrimidine was more selective for Fes vs. Flt3-ITD. All three inhibitors induced significant apoptosis in Flt3-ITD+ AML cells, with potency equivalent to or greater than the established Flt3-ITD inhibitor, tandutinib. Transformation of TF-1 cells with Flt3-ITD resulted in constitutive activation of endogenous Fes, and rendered the cells highly sensitive to all three Fes inhibitors with IC50 values in the 30–500 nM range. The pyrrolopyridine compound also induced apoptotic responses in patient-derived Flt3-ITD+ AML bone marrow cells but not in normal bone marrow mononuclear cells. These results demonstrate that Fes kinase activity contributes to Flt3-ITD signaling in AML, and suggests that dual inhibition of both Flt3 and Fes may provide a therapeutic advantage for the treatment of Flt3-ITD+ AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Weir
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sabine Hellwig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Based on the Shannon's information communication theory, information amount of the entire length of a polymeric macromolecule can be calculated in bits through adding the entropies of each building block. Proteins, DNA and RNA are such macromolecules. When only the building blocks' variation is considered as the source of entropy, there is seemingly lower information in case of the protein if this approach is applied directly on a protein of specific size and the coding sequence size of the mRNA corresponding to the particular length of the protein. This decrease in the information amount seems contradictory but this apparent conflict is resolved by considering the conformational variations in proteins as a new variable in the calculation and balancing the approximated entropy of the coding part of the mRNA and the protein. Probabilities can change therefore we also assigned hypothetical probabilities to the conformational states, which represent the uneven distribution as the time spent in one conformation, providing the probability of the presence in either or one of the possible conformations. Results that are obtained by using hypothetical probabilities are in line with the experimental values of variations in the conformational-state of protein populations. This equalization approach has further biological relevance that it compensates for the degeneracy in the codon usage during protein translation and it leads to the conclusion that the alphabet size for the protein is rather optimal for the proper protein functioning within the thermodynamic milieu of the cell. The findings were also discussed in relation to the codon bias and have implications in relation to the codon evolution concept. Eventually, this work brings the fields of protein structural studies and molecular protein translation processes together with a novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Adiguzel
- Biophysics Department, School of Medicine, Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Aminoisoquinoline benzamides, FLT3 and Src-family kinase inhibitors, potently inhibit proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1213-1225. [PMID: 28490193 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Mutated or overexpressed FLT3 drives about 30% of reported acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Currently, FLT3 inhibitors have shown durable clinical responses but a complete remission of AML with FLT3 inhibitors remains elusive due to mutation-driven resistance mechanisms. The development of FLT3 inhibitors that also target other downstream oncogenic kinases may combat the resistance mechanism. RESULTS 4-substituted aminoisoquinoline benzamides potently inhibit Src-family kinases and FLT3, including secondary mutations, such as FLT3D835. Modifications of aminoisoquinoline benzamide to aminoquinoline or aminoquinazoline abrogated FLT3 and Src-family kinase binding. CONCLUSION The lead aminoisoquinolines potently inhibited FLT3-driven AML cell lines, MV4-11 and MOLM-14. These aminoisoquinoline benzamides represent new kinase scaffolds with high potential to be translated into anticancer agents.
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Kumar B, Kalvala A, Chu S, Rosen S, Forman SJ, Marcucci G, Chen CC, Pullarkat V. Antileukemic activity and cellular effects of the antimalarial agent artesunate in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2017. [PMID: 28646646 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The artimisinins are a class of antimalarial compounds whose antiparasitic activity is mediated by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we report that among the artimisinins, artesunate (ARTS), an orally bioavailable compound has the most potent antileukemic activity in AML models and primary patients' blasts. ARTS was most cytotoxic to the FLT3-ITD+ AML MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells (IC50 values of 1.1 and 0.82μM respectively), inhibited colony formation in primary AML and MDS cells and augmented cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics. ARTS lowered cellular BCL-2 level via ROS induction and increased the cytotoxicity of the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199). ARTS treatment led to cellular and mitochondrial ROS accumulation, double stranded DNA damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic cascade in AML cell lines. The antileukemic activity of ARTS was further confirmed in MV4-11 and FLT3-ITD+ primary AML cell xenografts as well as MLL-AF9 syngeneic murine AML model where ARTS treatment resulted in significant survival prolongation of treated mice compared to control. Our results demonstrate the potent preclinical antileukemic activity of ARTS as well as its potential for a rapid transition to a clinical trial either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy or BCL-2 inhibitor, for treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Kumar
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Arjun Kalvala
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Su Chu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ching-Cheng Chen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Vinod Pullarkat
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Murone M, Radpour R, Attinger A, Chessex AV, Huguenin AL, Schürch CM, Banz Y, Sengupta S, Aguet M, Rigotti S, Bachhav Y, Massière F, Ramachandra M, McAllister A, Riether C. The Multi-kinase Inhibitor Debio 0617B Reduces Maintenance and Self-renewal of Primary Human AML CD34 + Stem/Progenitor Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1497-1510. [PMID: 28468777 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is initiated and maintained by leukemia stem cells (LSC). LSCs are therapy-resistant, cause relapse, and represent a major obstacle for the cure of AML. Resistance to therapy is often mediated by aberrant tyrosine kinase (TK) activation. These TKs primarily activate downstream signaling via STAT3/STAT5. In this study, we analyzed the potential to therapeutically target aberrant TK signaling and to eliminate LSCs via the multi-TK inhibitor Debio 0617B. Debio 0617B has a unique profile targeting key kinases upstream of STAT3/STAT5 signaling such as JAK, SRC, ABL, and class III/V receptor TKs. We demonstrate that expression of phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) in AML blasts is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Furthermore, phospho-STAT5 (pSTAT5) signaling is increased in primary CD34+ AML stem/progenitors. STAT3/STAT5 activation depends on tyrosine phosphorylation, mediated by several upstream TKs. Inhibition of single upstream TKs did not eliminate LSCs. In contrast, the multi-TK inhibitor Debio 0617B reduced maintenance and self-renewal of primary human AML CD34+ stem/progenitor cells in vitro and in xenotransplantation experiments resulting in long-term elimination of human LSCs and leukemia. Therefore, inhibition of multiple TKs upstream of STAT3/5 may result in sustained therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapy in AML and prevent relapses. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1497-510. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Huguenin
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Yara Banz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saumitra Sengupta
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Michel Aguet
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carsten Riether
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Roversi FM, Pericole FV, Machado-Neto JA, da Silva Santos Duarte A, Longhini AL, Corrocher FA, Palodetto B, Ferro KP, Rosa RG, Baratti MO, Verjovski-Almeida S, Traina F, Molinari A, Botta M, Saad STO. Hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) is a potential therapeutic target for dysplastic and leukemic cells due to integration of erythropoietin/PI3K pathway and regulation of erythropoiesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:450-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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