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Wang K, Kong F, Qiu Y, Chen T, Fu J, Jin X, Su Y, Gu Y, Hu Z, Li J. Autophagy regulation and protein kinase activity of PIK3C3 controls sertoli cell polarity through its negative regulation on SCIN (scinderin). Autophagy 2023; 19:2934-2957. [PMID: 37450577 PMCID: PMC10549198 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2235195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells are highly polarized testicular cells that provide a nurturing environment for germ cell development and maturation during spermatogenesis. The class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) plays core roles in macroautophagy in various cell types; however, its role in Sertoli cells remains unclear. Here, we generated a mouse line in which the gene encoding the catalytic subunit, Pik3c3, was specifically deleted in Sertoli cells (cKO) and found that after one round of normal spermatogenesis, the cKO mice quickly became infertile and showed disruption of Sertoli cell polarity and impaired spermiogenesis. Subsequent proteomics and phosphoproteomics analyses enriched the F-actin cytoskeleton network involved in the disorganized Sertoli-cell structure in cKO testis which we identified a significant increase of the F-actin negative regulator SCIN (scinderin) and the reduced phosphorylation of HDAC6, an α-tubulin deacetylase. Our results further demonstrated that the accumulation of SCIN in cKO Sertoli cells caused the disorder and disassembly of the F-actin cytoskeleton, which was related to the failure of SCIN degradation through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Additionally, we found that the phosphorylation of HDAC6 at site S59 by PIK3C3 was essential for its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. As a result, the HDAC6 that accumulated in cKO Sertoli cells deacetylated SCIN at site K189 and led to a disorganized F-actin cytoskeleton. Taken together, our findings elucidate a new mechanism for PIK3C3 in maintaining the polarity of Sertoli cells, in which both its autophagy regulation or protein kinase activities are required for the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; AR: androgen receptor; ATG14: autophagy related 14; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; BTB: blood-testis barrier; CASP3: caspase 3; CDC42: cell division cycle 42; CDH2: cadherin 2; CHX: cycloheximide; CTNNA1: catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha 1; CYP11A1: cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; ES: ectoplasmic specialization; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GCNA: germ cell nuclear acidic protein; GJA1: gap junction protein, alpha 1; H2AX: H2A.X variant histone; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; KIT: KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP3K5: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; OCLN: occludin; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PIK3R4: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; PNA: arachis hypogaea lectin; RAC1: Rac family small GTPase 1; SCIN: scinderin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SSC: spermatogonia stem cell; STK11: serine/threonine kinase 11; TJP1: tight junction protein 1; TubA: tubastatin A; TUBB3: tubulin beta 3 class III; TUNEL: TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling; UB: ubiquitin; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated gene; VIM: vimentin; WT1: WT1 transcription factor; ZBTB16: zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Kong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuexin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Center of Reproductive Medicine, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youqiang Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Shi X, Jiang X, Chen C, Zhang Y, Sun X. The interconnections between the microtubules and mitochondrial networks in cardiocerebrovascular diseases: Implications for therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106452. [PMID: 36116706 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules, a highly dynamic cytoskeleton, participate in many cellular activities including mechanical support, organelles interactions, and intracellular trafficking. Microtubule organization can be regulated by modification of tubulin subunits, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) or agents modulating microtubule assembly. Increasing studies demonstrate that microtubule disorganization correlates with various cardiocerebrovascular diseases including heart failure and ischemic stroke. Microtubules also mediate intracellular transport as well as intercellular transfer of mitochondria, a power house in cells which produce ATP for various physiological activities such as cardiac mechanical function. It is known to all that both microtubules and mitochondria participate in the progression of cancer and Parkinson's disease. However, the interconnections between the microtubules and mitochondrial networks in cardiocerebrovascular diseases remain unclear. In this paper, we will focus on the roles of microtubules in cardiocerebrovascular diseases, and discuss the interplay of mitochondria and microtubules in disease development and treatment. Elucidation of these issues might provide significant diagnostic value as well as potential targets for cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuan Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congwei Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Isoda R, Morita I, Isida A, Mikami Y, Monobe Y, Sato Y, Moriya T. Pathological Study on the Expression of Vasohibins in Peripheral Artery Disease. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 258:121-128. [PMID: 35922907 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Isoda
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School.,Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Ichiro Morita
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Atsuhisa Isida
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Yuka Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School
| | | | - Yasufumi Sato
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University
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Müller M, Gorek L, Kamm N, Jacob R. Manipulation of the Tubulin Code Alters Directional Cell Migration and Ciliogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901999. [PMID: 35903547 PMCID: PMC9315229 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunction of epithelial cells into monolayer sheets implies the ability to migrate and to undergo apicobasal polarization. Both processes comprise reorganization of cytoskeletal elements and rearrangements of structural protein interactions. We modulated expression of tubulin tyrosin ligase (TTL), the enzyme that adds tyrosine to the carboxy terminus of detyrosinated α-tubulin, to study the role of tubulin detyrosination/-tyrosination in the orientation of cell motility and in epithelial morphogenesis. Oriented cell migration and the organization of focal adhesions significantly lose directionality with diminishing amounts of microtubules enriched in detyrosinated tubulin. On the other hand, increasing quantities of detyrosinated tubulin results in faster plus end elongation of microtubules in migrating and in polarized epithelial cells. These plus ends are decorated by the plus end binding protein 1 (EB1), which mediates interaction between microtubules enriched in detyrosinated tubulin and the integrin-ILK complex at focal adhesions. EB1 accumulates at the apical cell pole at the base of the primary cilium following apicobasal polarization. Polarized cells almost devoid of detyrosinated tubulin form stunted primary cilia and multiluminal cysts in 3D-matrices. We conclude that the balance between detyrosinated and tyrosinated tubulin alters microtubule dynamics, affects the orientation of focal adhesions and determines the organization of primary cilia on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Müller
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodelling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lena Gorek
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Kamm
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodelling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ralf Jacob,
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Sun Z, Kemp SS, Lin PK, Aguera KN, Davis GE. Endothelial k-RasV12 Expression Induces Capillary Deficiency Attributable to Marked Tube Network Expansion Coupled to Reduced Pericytes and Basement Membranes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:205-222. [PMID: 34879709 PMCID: PMC8792373 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine how endothelial cell (EC) expression of the activating k-Ras (kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog) mutation, k-RasV12, affects their ability to form lumens and tubes and interact with pericytes during capillary assembly Approach and Results: Using defined bioassays where human ECs undergo observable tubulogenesis, sprouting behavior, pericyte recruitment to EC-lined tubes, and pericyte-induced EC basement membrane deposition, we assessed the impact of EC k-RasV12 expression on these critical processes that are necessary for proper capillary network formation. This mutation, which is frequently seen in human ECs within brain arteriovenous malformations, was found to markedly accentuate EC lumen formation mechanisms, with strongly accelerated intracellular vacuole formation, vacuole fusion, and lumen expansion and with reduced sprouting behavior, leading to excessively widened tube networks compared with control ECs. These abnormal tubes demonstrate strong reductions in pericyte recruitment and pericyte-induced EC basement membranes compared with controls, with deficiencies in fibronectin, collagen type IV, and perlecan deposition. Analyses of signaling during tube formation from these k-RasV12 ECs reveals strong enhancement of Src (Src proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase), Pak2 (P21 [RAC1 (Rac family small GTPase 1)] activated kinase 2), b-Raf (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1), Erk (extracellular signal-related kinase), and Akt (AK strain transforming) activation and increased expression of PKCε (protein kinase C epsilon), MT1-MMP (membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase), acetylated tubulin and CDCP1 (CUB domain-containing protein 1; most are known EC lumen regulators). Pharmacological blockade of MT1-MMP, Src, Pak, Raf, Mek (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases, Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42)/Rac1, and Notch markedly interferes with lumen and tube formation from these ECs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this novel work demonstrates that EC expression of k-RasV12 disrupts capillary assembly due to markedly excessive lumen formation coupled with strongly reduced pericyte recruitment and basement membrane deposition, which are critical pathogenic features predisposing the vasculature to develop arteriovenous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Sun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Scott S. Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Prisca K. Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Kalia N. Aguera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - George E. Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
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Kemp SS, Lin PK, Sun Z, Castaño MA, Yrigoin K, Penn MR, Davis GE. Molecular basis for pericyte-induced capillary tube network assembly and maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943533. [PMID: 36072343 PMCID: PMC9441561 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we address the functional importance and role of pericytes in capillary tube network assembly, an essential process that is required for vascularized tissue development, maintenance, and health. Healthy capillaries may be directly capable of suppressing human disease. Considerable advances have occurred in our understanding of the molecular and signaling requirements controlling EC lumen and tube formation in 3D extracellular matrices. A combination of SCF, IL-3, SDF-1α, FGF-2 and insulin ("Factors") in conjunction with integrin- and MT1-MMP-induced signaling are required for EC sprouting behavior and tube formation under serum-free defined conditions. Pericyte recruitment to the abluminal EC tube surface results in elongated and narrow tube diameters and deposition of the vascular basement membrane. In contrast, EC tubes in the absence of pericytes continue to widen and shorten over time and fail to deposit basement membranes. Pericyte invasion, recruitment and proliferation in 3D matrices requires the presence of ECs. A detailed analysis identified that EC-derived PDGF-BB, PDGF-DD, ET-1, HB-EGF, and TGFβ1 are necessary for pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and basement membrane deposition. Blockade of these individual factors causes significant pericyte inhibition, but combined blockade profoundly interferes with these events, resulting in markedly widened EC tubes without basement membranes, like when pericytes are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Prisca K Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Zheying Sun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Maria A Castaño
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ksenia Yrigoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Marlena R Penn
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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7
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Lin PK, Salvador J, Xie J, Aguera KN, Koller GM, Kemp SS, Griffin CT, Davis GE. Selective and Marked Blockade of Endothelial Sprouting Behavior Using Paclitaxel and Related Pharmacologic Agents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2245-2264. [PMID: 34563512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whether alterations in the microtubule cytoskeleton affect the ability of endothelial cells (ECs) to sprout and form branching networks of tubes was investigated in this study. Bioassays of human EC tubulogenesis, where both sprouting behavior and lumen formation can be rigorously evaluated, were used to demonstrate that addition of the microtubule-stabilizing drugs, paclitaxel, docetaxel, ixabepilone, and epothilone B, completely interferes with EC tip cells and sprouting behavior, while allowing for EC lumen formation. In bioassays mimicking vasculogenesis using single or aggregated ECs, these drugs induce ring-like lumens from single cells or cyst-like spherical lumens from multicellular aggregates with no evidence of EC sprouting behavior. Remarkably, treatment of these cultures with a low dose of the microtubule-destabilizing drug, vinblastine, led to an identical result, with complete blockade of EC sprouting, but allowing for EC lumen formation. Administration of paclitaxel in vivo markedly interfered with angiogenic sprouting behavior in developing mouse retina, providing corroboration. These findings reveal novel biological activities for pharmacologic agents that are widely utilized in multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of human malignant cancers. Overall, this work demonstrates that manipulation of microtubule stability selectively interferes with the ability of ECs to sprout, a necessary step to initiate and form branched capillary tube networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jocelynda Salvador
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jun Xie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kalia N Aguera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gretchen M Koller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
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Bowers SLK, Kemp SS, Aguera KN, Koller GM, Forgy JC, Davis GE. Defining an Upstream VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Priming Signature for Downstream Factor-Induced Endothelial Cell-Pericyte Tube Network Coassembly. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2891-2909. [PMID: 33086871 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this work, we have sought to define growth factor requirements and the signaling basis for different stages of human vascular morphogenesis and maturation. Approach and Results: Using a serum-free model of endothelial cell (EC) tube morphogenesis in 3-dimensional collagen matrices that depends on a 5 growth factor combination, SCF (stem cell factor), IL (interleukin)-3, SDF (stromal-derived factor)-1α, FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-2, and insulin (factors), we demonstrate that VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) pretreatment of ECs for 8 hours (ie, VEGF priming) leads to marked increases in the EC response to the factors which includes; EC tip cells, EC tubulogenesis, pericyte recruitment and proliferation, and basement membrane deposition. VEGF priming requires VEGFR2, and the effect of VEGFR2 is selective to the priming response and does not affect factor-dependent tubulogenesis in the absence of priming. Key molecule and signaling requirements for VEGF priming include RhoA, Rock1 (Rho-kinase), PKCα (protein kinase C α), and PKD2 (protein kinase D2). siRNA suppression or pharmacological blockade of these molecules and signaling pathways interfere with the ability of VEGF to act as an upstream primer of downstream factor-dependent EC tube formation as well as pericyte recruitment. VEGF priming was also associated with the formation of actin stress fibers, activation of focal adhesion components, upregulation of the EC factor receptors, c-Kit, IL-3Rα, and CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4), and upregulation of EC-derived PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-BB, PDGF-DD, and HB-EGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor) which collectively affect pericyte recruitment and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study defines a signaling signature for a separable upstream VEGF priming step, which can activate ECs to respond to downstream factors that are necessary to form branching tube networks with associated mural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L K Bowers
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Scott S Kemp
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Kalia N Aguera
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Gretchen M Koller
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Joshua C Forgy
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - George E Davis
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
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9
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Gubieda AG, Packer JR, Squires I, Martin J, Rodriguez J. Going with the flow: insights from Caenorhabditis elegans zygote polarization. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190555. [PMID: 32829680 PMCID: PMC7482210 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular components along a defined axis. Polarity relies on complex signalling networks between conserved patterning proteins, including the PAR (partitioning defective) proteins, which become segregated in response to upstream symmetry breaking cues. Although the mechanisms that drive the asymmetric localization of these proteins are dependent upon cell type and context, in many cases the regulation of actomyosin cytoskeleton dynamics is central to the transport, recruitment and/or stabilization of these polarity effectors into defined subcellular domains. The transport or advection of PAR proteins by an actomyosin flow was first observed in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote more than a decade ago. Since then a multifaceted approach, using molecular methods, high-throughput screens, and biophysical and computational models, has revealed further aspects of this flow and how polarity regulators respond to and modulate it. Here, we review recent findings on the interplay between actomyosin flow and the PAR patterning networks in the polarization of the C. elegans zygote. We also discuss how these discoveries and developed methods are shaping our understanding of other flow-dependent polarizing systems. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Contemporary morphogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Josana Rodriguez
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Microtubule Stabilization Promotes Microcirculation Reconstruction After Spinal Cord Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:583-595. [PMID: 32901373 PMCID: PMC7851021 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord microcirculation plays an important role in maintaining the function of spinal cord neurons and other cells. Previous studies have largely focused on the ability of microtubule stabilization to inhibit the fibroblast migration and promote axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the effect of microtubule stabilization treatment on microcirculation reconstruction after SCI remains unclear. By using immunofluorescence, we found that microtubule stabilization treatment improved microcirculation reconstruction via increasing the number of microvessels, pericytes, and the perfused microvessels after SCI. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes were subjected to glucose oxygen deprivation. By using flow cytometry and western blotting, we found that microtubule stabilization treatment inhibited apoptosis and migration of endothelial cells and pericytes but promoted proliferation and survival of endothelial cells and pericytes through upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), VEGF receptor 2, platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB), PDGF receptor β, and angiopoietin-1 after SCI. Taken together, this study provides evidence for the mechanisms underlying the promotion of microcirculation reconstruction after SCI by microtubule stabilization treatment. Importantly, this study suggests the potential of microtubule stabilization as a therapeutic target to reduce microcirculation dysfunction after SCI in the clinic.
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Control of endothelial tubulogenesis by Rab and Ral GTPases, and apical targeting of caveolin-1-labeled vacuoles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235116. [PMID: 32569321 PMCID: PMC7307772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we examine known GTPase regulators of vesicle trafficking events to assess whether they affect endothelial cell (EC) lumen and tube formation. We identify novel roles for the small GTPases Rab3A, Rab3B, Rab8A, Rab11A, Rab27A, RalA, RalB and caveolin-1 in co-regulating membrane trafficking events that control EC lumen and tube formation. siRNA suppression of individual GTPases such as Rab3A, Rab8A, and RalB markedly inhibit tubulogenesis, while greater blockade is observed with combinations of siRNAs such as Rab3A and Rab3B, Rab8A and Rab11A, and RalA and RalB. These combinations of siRNAs also disrupt very early events in lumen formation including the formation of intracellular vacuoles. In contrast, knockdown of the endocytosis regulator, Rab5A, fails to inhibit EC tube formation. Confocal microscopy and real-time videos reveal that caveolin-1 strongly labels intracellular vacuoles and localizes to the EC apical surface as they fuse to form the luminal membrane. In contrast, Cdc42 and Rab11A localize to a perinuclear, subapical region where intracellular vacuoles accumulate and fuse during lumen formation. Our new data demonstrates that EC tubulogenesis is coordinated by a series of small GTPases to control polarized membrane trafficking events to generate, deliver, and fuse caveolin-1-labeled vacuoles to create the apical membrane surface.
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12
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Sirtuins family as a target in endothelial cell dysfunction: implications for vascular ageing. Biogerontology 2020; 21:495-516. [PMID: 32285331 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a protective barrier between the bloodstream and the vasculature that may be disrupted by different factors such as the presence of diseased states. Diseases like diabetes and obesity pose a great risk toward endothelial cell inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to endothelial cell dysfunction and thereby cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that are implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, and they have been identified to be important regulators of endothelial cell function. A handful of recent studies suggest that disbalance in the regulation of endothelial sirtuins, mainly sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), contributes to endothelial cell dysfunction. Herein, we summarize how SIRT1 and other sirtuins may contribute to endothelial cell function and how presence of diseased conditions may alter their expressions to cause endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, we discuss how the beneficial effects of exercise on the endothelium are dependent on SIRT1. These mainly include regulation of signaling pathways related to endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide production, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Sirtuins as modulators of the adverse conditions in the endothelium hold a promising therapeutic potential for health conditions related to endothelial dysfunction and vascular ageing.
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Ki SM, Kim JH, Won SY, Oh SJ, Lee IY, Bae Y, Chung KW, Choi B, Park B, Choi E, Lee JE. CEP41-mediated ciliary tubulin glutamylation drives angiogenesis through AURKA-dependent deciliation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48290. [PMID: 31885126 PMCID: PMC7001496 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cilium is a microtubule-based organelle responsible for blood flow-induced mechanosensation and signal transduction during angiogenesis. The precise function and mechanisms by which ciliary mechanosensation occurs, however, are poorly understood. Although posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of cytoplasmic tubulin are known to be important in angiogenesis, the specific roles of ciliary tubulin PTMs play remain unclear. Here, we report that loss of centrosomal protein 41 (CEP41) results in vascular impairment in human cell lines and zebrafish, implying a previously unknown pro-angiogenic role for CEP41. We show that proper control of tubulin glutamylation by CEP41 is necessary for cilia disassembly and that is involved in endothelial cell (EC) dynamics such as migration and tubulogenesis. We show that in ECs responding to shear stress or hypoxia, CEP41 activates Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and upregulates expression of VEGFA and VEGFR2 through ciliary tubulin glutamylation, as well as leads to the deciliation. We further show that in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, CEP41 is responsible for the activation of HIF1α to trigger the AURKA-VEGF pathway. Overall, our results suggest the CEP41-HIF1α-AURKA-VEGF axis as a key molecular mechanism of angiogenesis and demonstrate how important ciliary tubulin glutamylation is in mechanosense-responded EC dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Mi Ki
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - So Yeon Won
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Shin Ji Oh
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human DiseasesDepartment of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young‐Ki Bae
- Comparative Biomedicine Research & Tumor Microenvironment Research BranchResearch InstituteNational Cancer CenterGoyangKorea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological SciencesKongju National UniversityKongjuSouth Korea
| | - Byung‐Ok Choi
- Department of NeurologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Boyoun Park
- Department of Systems BiologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eui‐Ju Choi
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human DiseasesDepartment of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research InstituteSamsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
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14
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Smith Q, Macklin B, Chan XY, Jones H, Trempel M, Yoder MC, Gerecht S. Differential HDAC6 Activity Modulates Ciliogenesis and Subsequent Mechanosensing of Endothelial Cells Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 24:895-908.e6. [PMID: 30044986 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of primary cilia in mechanosensation is essential in endothelial cell (EC) shear responsiveness. Here, we find that venous, capillary, and progenitor ECs respond to shear stress in vitro in a cilia-dependent manner. We then demonstrate that primary cilia assembly in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived ECs varies between different cell lines with marginal influence of differentiation protocol. hiPSC-derived ECs lacking cilia do not align to shear stress, lack stress fiber assembly, have uncoordinated migration during wound closure in vitro, and have aberrant calcium influx upon shear exposure. Transcriptional analysis reveals variation in regulatory genes involved in ciliogenesis among different hiPSC-derived ECs. Moreover, inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity in hiPSC-ECs lacking cilia rescues cilia formation and restores mechanical sensing. Taken together, these results show the importance of primary cilia in hiPSC-EC mechano-responsiveness and its modulation through HDAC6 activity varies among hiPSC-ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bria Macklin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xin Yi Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hannah Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Michelle Trempel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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15
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Peglion F, Goehring NW. Switching states: dynamic remodelling of polarity complexes as a toolkit for cell polarization. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 60:121-130. [PMID: 31295650 PMCID: PMC6906085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polarity is defined by the segregation of cellular components along a defined axis. To polarize robustly, cells must be able to break symmetry and subsequently amplify these nascent asymmetries. Finally, asymmetric localization of signaling molecules must be translated into functional regulation of downstream effector pathways. Central to these behaviors are a diverse set of cell polarity networks. Within these networks, molecules exhibit varied behaviors, dynamically switching among different complexes and states, active versus inactive, bound versus unbound, immobile versus diffusive. This ability to switch dynamically between states is intimately connected to the ability of molecules to generate asymmetric patterns within cells. Focusing primarily on polarity pathways governed by the conserved PAR proteins, we discuss strategies enabled by these dynamic behaviors that are used by cells to polarize. We highlight not only how switching between states is linked to the ability of polarity proteins to localize asymmetrically, but also how cells take advantage of 'state switching' to regulate polarity in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Peglion
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathan W Goehring
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, London, UK.
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16
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The Tubulin Detyrosination Cycle: Function and Enzymes. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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A cell surface display fluorescent biosensor for measuring MMP14 activity in real-time. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5916. [PMID: 29651043 PMCID: PMC5897415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous recent advances in imaging technologies, one continuing challenge for cell biologists and microscopists is the visualization and measurement of endogenous proteins as they function within living cells. Achieving this goal will provide a tool that investigators can use to associate cellular outcomes with the behavior and activity of many well-studied target proteins. Here, we describe the development of a plasmid-based fluorescent biosensor engineered to measure the location and activity of matrix metalloprotease-14 (MMP14). The biosensor design uses fluorogen-activating protein technology coupled with a MMP14-selective protease sequence to generate a binary, “switch-on” fluorescence reporter capable of measuring MMP14 location, activity, and temporal dynamics. The MMP14-fluorogen activating protein biosensor approach is applicable to both short and long-term imaging modalities and contains an adaptable module that can be used to study many membrane-bound proteases. This MMP14 biosensor promises to serve as a tool for the advancement of a broad range of investigations targeting MMP14 activity during cell migration in health and disease.
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18
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Betrie AH, Ayton S, Bush AI, Angus JA, Lei P, Wright CE. Evidence of a Cardiovascular Function for Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:849-860. [PMID: 28059795 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of tau protein into intracellular deposits is a pathognomonic feature of tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lowering tau is a prominent therapeutic strategy under development. However, the physiological function of tau protein is not well known, particularly in the periphery. Lowering tau protein risks disrupting its physiological role leading to unwanted effects. In this study, the presence of tau protein in cardiac tissue is confirmed and the functional role in the cardiovascular system and the consequences of its loss were explored. Isolated right and left atria and small mesenteric arteries from wild type and tau deficient (KO) mice of two age groups (13 and 23 months old) were used to assess cardiovascular phenotypes. Tau KO mice showed an increased systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy at 13 months, which was accompanied by a significantly lower right atrial rate and a subtle decrease in the maximum contractility to calcium, isoprenaline, and electrical sympathetic nerve stimulation. Aging tau KO mice to 23 months resulted in cardiac hypertrophy with significantly attenuated left atrial contractility, increased blood pressure, and sensitivity of isolated mesenteric arteries to angiotensin II contraction and isoprenaline relaxation compared to their younger counterparts. This study supports a functional role of tau in the heart and loss of this protein leads to a deterioration in cardiovascular performance which worsens with age. Taken together, these results provide insight into the peripheral function of tau protein, and give caution to the therapeutic strategy of lowering tau protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi H Betrie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James A Angus
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, China
| | - Christine E Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Huebner H, Knoerr B, Betzler A, Hartner A, Kehl S, Baier F, Wachter D, Strick R, Beckmann M, Fahlbusch F, Ruebner M. Detyrosinated tubulin is decreased in fetal vessels of preeclampsia placentas. Placenta 2018; 62:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Caicedo D, Díaz O, Devesa P, Devesa J. Growth Hormone (GH) and Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010290. [PMID: 29346331 PMCID: PMC5796235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the positive effects of growth hormone (GH) on the cardiovascular system. We analyze why the vascular endothelium is a real internal secretion gland, whose inflammation is the first step for developing atherosclerosis, as well as the mechanisms by which GH acts on vessels improving oxidative stress imbalance and endothelial dysfunction. We also report how GH acts on coronary arterial disease and heart failure, and on peripheral arterial disease, inducing a neovascularization process that finally increases flow in ischemic tissues. We include some preliminary data from a trial in which GH or placebo is given to elderly people suffering from critical limb ischemia, showing some of the benefits of the hormone on plasma markers of inflammation, and the safety of GH administration during short periods of time, even in diabetic patients. We also analyze how Klotho is strongly related to GH, inducing, after being released from the damaged vascular endothelium, the pituitary secretion of GH, most likely to repair the injury in the ischemic tissues. We also show how GH can help during wound healing by increasing the blood flow and some neurotrophic and growth factors. In summary, we postulate that short-term GH administration could be useful to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Caicedo
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, 36701 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Oscar Díaz
- Department of Cardiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, 36701 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Pablo Devesa
- Research and Development, The Medical Center Foltra, 15886 Teo, Spain.
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, The Medical Center Foltra, 15886 Teo, Spain.
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21
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Tau Proteins and Tauopathies in Alzheimer’s Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:965-980. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Logan CM, Bowen CJ, Menko AS. Functional role for stable microtubules in lens fiber cell elongation. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:477-488. [PMID: 29253534 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The process of tissue morphogenesis, especially for tissues reliant on the establishment of a specific cytoarchitecture for their functionality, depends a balanced interplay between cytoskeletal elements and their interactions with cell adhesion molecules. The microtubule cytoskeleton, which has many roles in the cell, is a determinant of directional cell migration, a process that underlies many aspects of development. We investigated the role of microtubules in development of the lens, a tissue where cell elongation underlies morphogenesis. Our studies with the microtubule depolymerizing agent nocodazole revealed an essential function for the acetylated population of stable microtubules in the elongation of lens fiber cells, which was linked to their regulation of the activation state of myosin. Suppressing myosin activation with the inhibitor blebbistatin could attenuate the loss of acetylated microtubules by nocodazole and rescue the effect of this microtubule depolymerization agent on both fiber cell elongation and lens integrity. Our results also suggest that acetylated microtubules impact lens morphogenesis through their interaction with N-cadherin junctions, with which they specifically associate in the region where lens fiber cell elongate. Disruption of the stable microtubule network increased N-cadherin junctional organization along lateral borders of differentiating lens fiber cells, which was prevented by suppression of myosin activity. These results reveal a role for the stable microtubule population in lens fiber cell elongation, acting in tandem with N-cadherin cell-cell junctions and the actomyosin network, giving insight into the cooperative role these systems play in tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Logan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Caitlin J Bowen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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23
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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24
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R-Ras-Akt axis induces endothelial lumenogenesis and regulates the patency of regenerating vasculature. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1720. [PMID: 29170374 PMCID: PMC5700916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of endothelial lumen is fundamental to angiogenesis and essential to the oxygenation of hypoxic tissues. The molecular mechanism underlying this important process remains obscure. Here, we show that Akt activation by a Ras homolog, R-Ras, stabilizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in endothelial cells leading to endothelial lumenogenesis. The activation of Akt by the potent angiogenic factor VEGF-A does not strongly stabilize microtubules or sufficiently promote lumen formation, hence demonstrating a distinct role for the R-Ras-Akt axis. We show in mice that this pathway is important for the lumenization of new capillaries and microvessels developing in ischemic muscles to allow sufficient tissue reperfusion after ischemic injury. Our work identifies a role for Akt in lumenogenesis and the significance of the R-Ras-Akt signaling for the patency of regenerating blood vessels. Formation of the vascular lumen initiates the blood flow and it is crucial for tissue homeostasis. Here, Li et. al show that the R-Ras-Akt signaling axis is crucial for reparative angiogenesis in mice because it stabilizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in endothelial cells to promote endothelial lumen formation.
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25
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Kim DJ, Norden PR, Salvador J, Barry DM, Bowers SLK, Cleaver O, Davis GE. Src- and Fyn-dependent apical membrane trafficking events control endothelial lumen formation during vascular tube morphogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184461. [PMID: 28910325 PMCID: PMC5598984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we examine the question of how endothelial cells (ECs) develop their apical membrane surface domain during lumen and tube formation. We demonstrate marked apical membrane targeting of activated Src kinases to this apical domain during early and late stages of this process. Immunostaining for phosphotyrosine or phospho-Src reveals apical membrane staining in intracellular vacuoles initially. This is then followed by vacuole to vacuole fusion events to generate an apical luminal membrane, which is similarly decorated with activated phospho-Src kinases. Functional blockade of Src kinases completely blocks EC lumen and tube formation, whether this occurs during vasculogenic tube assembly or angiogenic sprouting events. Multiple Src kinases participate in this apical membrane formation process and siRNA suppression of Src, Fyn and Yes, but not Lyn, blocks EC lumen formation. We also demonstrate strong apical targeting of Src-GFP and Fyn-GFP fusion proteins and increasing their expression enhances lumen formation. Finally, we show that Src- and Fyn-associated vacuoles track and fuse along a subapically polarized microtubule cytoskeleton, which is highly acetylated. These vacuoles generate the apical luminal membrane in a stereotypically polarized, perinuclear position. Overall, our study identifies a critical role for Src kinases in creating and decorating the EC apical membrane surface during early and late stages of lumen and tube formation, a central event in the molecular control of vascular morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Pieter R Norden
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Jocelynda Salvador
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - David M Barry
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L K Bowers
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, United States of America
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America
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26
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Kruse R, Krantz J, Barker N, Coletta RL, Rafikov R, Luo M, Højlund K, Mandarino LJ, Langlais PR. Characterization of the CLASP2 Protein Interaction Network Identifies SOGA1 as a Microtubule-Associated Protein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1718-1735. [PMID: 28550165 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CLASP2 is a microtubule-associated protein that undergoes insulin-stimulated phosphorylation and co-localization with reorganized actin and GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. To gain insight to the role of CLASP2 in this system, we developed and successfully executed a streamlined interactome approach and built a CLASP2 protein network in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Using two different commercially available antibodies for CLASP2 and an antibody for epitope-tagged, overexpressed CLASP2, we performed multiple affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) experiments in combination with label-free quantitative proteomics and analyzed the data with the bioinformatics tool Significance Analysis of Interactome (SAINT). We discovered that CLASP2 coimmunoprecipitates (co-IPs) the novel protein SOGA1, the microtubule-associated protein kinase MARK2, and the microtubule/actin-regulating protein G2L1. The GTPase-activating proteins AGAP1 and AGAP3 were also enriched in the CLASP2 interactome, although subsequent AGAP3 and CLIP2 interactome analysis suggests a preference of AGAP3 for CLIP2. Follow-up MARK2 interactome analysis confirmed reciprocal co-IP of CLASP2 and revealed MARK2 can co-IP SOGA1, glycogen synthase, and glycogenin. Investigating the SOGA1 interactome confirmed SOGA1 can reciprocal co-IP both CLASP2 and MARK2 as well as glycogen synthase and glycogenin. SOGA1 was confirmed to colocalize with CLASP2 and with tubulin, which identifies SOGA1 as a new microtubule-associated protein. These results introduce the metabolic function of these proposed novel protein networks and their relationship with microtubules as new fields of cytoskeleton-associated protein biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Kruse
- From the ‡The Section of Molecular Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.,§Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - James Krantz
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Natalie Barker
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Richard L Coletta
- ‖School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85787
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Moulun Luo
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Kurt Højlund
- From the ‡The Section of Molecular Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.,§Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Paul R Langlais
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721;
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Regulation of spindle integrity and mitotic fidelity by BCCIP. Oncogene 2017; 36:4750-4766. [PMID: 28394342 PMCID: PMC5561484 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes together with the mitotic spindle ensure the faithful distribution of chromosomes between daughter cells, and spindle orientation is a major determinant of cell fate during tissue regeneration. Spindle defects are not only an impetus of chromosome instability but are also a cause of developmental disorders involving defective asymmetric cell division. In this work, we demonstrate BCCIP, especially BCCIPα, as a previously unidentified component of the mitotic spindle pole and the centrosome. We demonstrate that BCCIP localizes proximal to the mother centriole and participates in microtubule organization and then redistributes to the spindle pole to ensure faithful spindle architecture. We find that BCCIP depletion leads to morphological defects, disoriented mitotic spindles, chromosome congression defects and delayed mitotic progression. Our study identifies BCCIP as a novel factor critical for microtubule regulation and explicates a mechanism utilized by BCCIP in tumor suppression.
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28
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Sudo H, Nakajima K. The mitotic tensegrity guardian tau protects mammary epithelia from katanin-like1-induced aneuploidy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53712-53734. [PMID: 27447563 PMCID: PMC5288216 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule associated-protein tau has been identified as an effective positive prognostic indicator in breast cancer. To explore the physiological function of tau in early carcinogenesis, endogenous tau was knocked down in primary cultured human mammary epithelial cells. This resulted in chromosome-bridging during anaphase followed by micronucleation, both of which were suppressed by a further katanin-like1 knockdown. We also detected that the exogenously expressed katanin-like1 induction of cellular transformation is prevented by exogenous tau in rat fibroblasts. The mutant katanin-like1 (L123V) identified in breast cancer showed an increase in this transformation capacity as well as microtubule severing activity resistant to tau. The tau knockdown resulted in a loss of the kinetochore fibers on which tau is normally localized. This physical fragility was also observed in isolated tau-knockdown mitotic spindles, supporting the relevance of microtubule damage to the onset of transformation. The karyotyping of tau-knockdown cells showed increased frequency of loss of one X chromosome, further suggesting the involvement of tau in breast tumorigenesis. We propose that tau may contribute to tumor progression by protecting spindle microtubules from excess severing by katanin-like1. We also present data indicating that the microtubule-binding octapeptide NAP is a candidate modifier against the tau deficiency in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sudo
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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29
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Braun A, Caesar NM, Dang K, Myers KA. High-resolution Time-lapse Imaging and Automated Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27584860 PMCID: PMC5091855 DOI: 10.3791/54265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological process by which new vasculature forms from existing vasculature requires specific signaling events that trigger morphological changes within individual endothelial cells (ECs). These processes are critical for homeostatic maintenance such as wound healing, and are also crucial in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. EC morphology is defined by the organization of the cytoskeleton, a tightly regulated system of actin and microtubule (MT) dynamics that is known to control EC branching, polarity and directional migration, essential components of angiogenesis. To study MT dynamics, we used high-resolution fluorescence microscopy coupled with computational image analysis of fluorescently-labeled MT plus-ends to investigate MT growth dynamics and the regulation of EC branching morphology and directional migration. Time-lapse imaging of living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) was performed following transfection with fluorescently-labeled MT End Binding protein 3 (EB3) and Mitotic Centromere Associated Kinesin (MCAK)-specific cDNA constructs to evaluate effects on MT dynamics. PlusTipTracker software was used to track EB3-labeled MT plus ends in order to measure MT growth speeds and MT growth lifetimes in time-lapse images. This methodology allows for the study of MT dynamics and the identification of how localized regulation of MT dynamics within sub-cellular regions contributes to the angiogenic processes of EC branching and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Braun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
| | - Nicole M Caesar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
| | - Kyvan Dang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia;
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30
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Meier S, Bell M, Lyons DN, Ingram A, Chen J, Gensel JC, Zhu H, Nelson PT, Abisambra JF. Identification of Novel Tau Interactions with Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:687-702. [PMID: 26402096 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal tau tangles. We recently identified that tau associates with proteins known to participate in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD); consequently, ERAD becomes dysfunctional and causes neurotoxicity. We hypothesized that tau associates with other ER proteins, and that this association could also lead to cellular dysfunction in AD. Portions of human AD and non-demented age matched control brains were fractionated to obtain microsomes, from which tau was co-immunoprecipitated. Samples from both conditions containing tau and its associated proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry. In total, we identified 91 ER proteins that co-immunoprecipitated with tau; 15.4% were common between AD and control brains, and 42.9% only in the AD samples. The remainder, 41.8% of the proteins, was only seen in the control brain samples. We identified a variety of previously unreported interactions between tau and ER proteins. These proteins participate in over sixteen functional categories, the most abundant being involved in RNA translation. We then determined that association of tau with these ER proteins was different between the AD and control samples. We found that tau associated equally with the ribosomal protein L28 but more robustly with the ribosomal protein P0. These data suggest that the differential association between tau and ER proteins in disease could reveal the pathogenic processes by which tau induces cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Meier
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michelle Bell
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Danielle N Lyons
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alexandria Ingram
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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31
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Norden PR, Kim DJ, Barry DM, Cleaver OB, Davis GE. Cdc42 and k-Ras Control Endothelial Tubulogenesis through Apical Membrane and Cytoskeletal Polarization: Novel Stimulatory Roles for GTPase Effectors, the Small GTPases, Rac2 and Rap1b, and Inhibitory Influence of Arhgap31 and Rasa1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147758. [PMID: 26812085 PMCID: PMC4728208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical and understudied property of endothelial cells is their ability to form lumens and tube networks. Although considerable information has been obtained concerning these issues, including the role of Cdc42 and Rac1 and their effectors such as Pak2, Pak4, Par6b, and co-regulators such as integrins, MT1-MMP and Par3; many key questions remain that are necessary to elucidate molecular and signaling requirements for this fundamental process. In this work, we identify new small GTPase regulators of EC tubulogenesis including k-Ras, Rac2 and Rap1b that act in conjunction with Cdc42 as well as the key downstream effectors, IQGAP1, MRCKβ, beta-Pix, GIT1, and Rasip1 (which can assemble into multiprotein complexes with key regulators including α2β1 integrin and MT1-MMP). In addition, we identify the negative regulators, Arhgap31 (by inactivating Cdc42 and Rac) and Rasa1 (by inactivating k-Ras) and the positive regulator, Arhgap29 (by inactivating RhoA) which play a major functional role during the EC tubulogenic process. Human EC siRNA suppression or mouse knockout of Rasip1 leads to identical phenotypes where ECs form extensive cord networks, but cannot generate lumens or tubes. Essential roles for these molecules during EC tubulogenesis include; i) establishment of asymmetric EC cytoskeletal polarization (subapical distribution of acetylated tubulin and basal membrane distribution of F-actin); and ii) directed membrane trafficking of pinocytic vacuoles or other intracellular vesicles along acetylated tubulin tracks to the developing apical membrane surface. Cdc42 co-localizes subapically with acetylated tubulin, while Rac1 and k-Ras strongly label vacuole/ vesicle membranes which accumulate and fuse together in a polarized, perinuclear manner. We observe polarized apical membrane and subapical accumulation of key GTPases and effectors regulating EC lumen formation including Cdc42, Rac1, Rac2, k-Ras, Rap1b, activated c-Raf and Rasip1 to control EC tube network assembly. Overall, this work defines novel key regulators and their functional roles during human EC tubulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter R. Norden
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - David M. Barry
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ondine B. Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - George E. Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America
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32
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Bowers S, Norden P, Davis G. Molecular Signaling Pathways Controlling Vascular Tube Morphogenesis and Pericyte-Induced Tube Maturation in 3D Extracellular Matrices. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:241-80. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Chaki SP, Barhoumi R, Rivera GM. Actin remodeling by Nck regulates endothelial lumen formation. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3047-60. [PMID: 26157164 PMCID: PMC4551318 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nck-dependent actin remodeling enables endothelial morphogenesis by promoting cell elongation and proper organization of VE-cadherin intercellular junctions. Nck determines spatiotemporal patterns of Cdc42/aPKC activation to regulate endothelial apical-basal polarity and lumen formation. Multiple angiogenic cues modulate phosphotyrosine signaling to promote vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Despite its functional and clinical importance, how vascular cells integrate phosphotyrosine-dependent signaling to elicit cytoskeletal changes required for endothelial morphogenesis remains poorly understood. The family of Nck adaptors couples phosphotyrosine signals with actin dynamics and therefore is well positioned to orchestrate cellular processes required in vascular formation and remodeling. Culture of endothelial cells in three-dimensional collagen matrices in the presence of VEGF stimulation was combined with molecular genetics, optical imaging, and biochemistry to show that Nck-dependent actin remodeling promotes endothelial cell elongation and proper organization of VE-cadherin intercellular junctions. Major morphogenetic defects caused by abrogation of Nck signaling included loss of endothelial apical-basal polarity and impaired lumenization. Time-lapse imaging using a Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor, immunostaining with phospho-specific antibodies, and GST pull-down assays showed that Nck determines spatiotemporal patterns of Cdc42/aPKC activation during endothelial morphogenesis. Our results demonstrate that Nck acts as an important hub integrating angiogenic cues with cytoskeletal changes that enable endothelial apical-basal polarization and lumen formation. These findings point to Nck as an emergent target for effective antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Gonzalo M Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467
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34
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Development and characterization of an endothelial cell line from the bulbus arteriosus of walleye, Sander vitreus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 180:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Barreto-Ortiz SF, Zhang S, Davenport M, Fradkin J, Ginn B, Mao HQ, Gerecht S. A novel in vitro model for microvasculature reveals regulation of circumferential ECM organization by curvature. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81061. [PMID: 24278378 PMCID: PMC3836741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In microvascular vessels, endothelial cells are aligned longitudinally whereas several components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are organized circumferentially. While current three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models for microvasculature have allowed the study of ECM-regulated tubulogenesis, they have limited control over topographical cues presented by the ECM and impart a barrier for the high-resolution and dynamic study of multicellular and extracellular organization. Here we exploit a 3D fibrin microfiber scaffold to develop a novel in vitro model of the microvasculature that recapitulates endothelial alignment and ECM deposition in a setting that also allows the sequential co-culture of mural cells. We show that the microfibers' nanotopography induces longitudinal adhesion and alignment of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), and that these deposit circumferentially organized ECM. We found that ECM wrapping on the microfibers is independent of ECFCs' actin and microtubule organization, but it is dependent on the curvature of the microfiber. Microfibers with smaller diameters (100–400 µm) guided circumferential ECM deposition, whereas microfibers with larger diameters (450 µm) failed to support wrapping ECM. Finally, we demonstrate that vascular smooth muscle cells attached on ECFC-seeded microfibers, depositing collagen I and elastin. Collectively, we establish a novel in vitro model for the sequential control and study of microvasculature development and reveal the unprecedented role of the endothelium in organized ECM deposition regulated by the microfiber curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F. Barreto-Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Davenport
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jamie Fradkin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Ginn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Lizama CO, Zovein AC. Polarizing pathways: balancing endothelial polarity, permeability, and lumen formation. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1247-54. [PMID: 23567183 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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