1
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Carullo G, Rossi S, Giudice V, Pezzotta A, Chianese U, Scala P, Carbone S, Fontana A, Panzeca G, Pasquini S, Contri C, Gemma S, Ramunno A, Saponara S, Galvani F, Lodola A, Mor M, Benedetti R, Selleri C, Varani K, Butini S, Altucci L, Vincenzi F, Pistocchi A, Campiani G. Development of Epigenetic Modifiers with Therapeutic Potential in FMS-Related Tyrosine Kinase 3/Internal Tandem Duplication (FLT3/ITD) Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other Blood Malignancies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2125-2142. [PMID: 39022363 PMCID: PMC11249625 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Blood cancers encompass a group of diseases affecting the blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system, representing the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Leukemias are characterized by the dysregulated proliferation of myeloid and lymphoid cells with different rates of progression (acute or chronic). Among the chronic forms, hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare disease, and no drugs have been approved to date. However, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with a low survival rate, especially in cases with FLT3-ITD mutations. Epigenetic modifications have emerged as promising strategies for the treatment of blood cancers. Epigenetic modulators, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, are increasingly used for targeted cancer therapy. New hydroxamic acid derivatives, preferentially inhibiting HDAC6 (5a-q), were developed and their efficacy was investigated in different blood cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), HCL, and AML, pointing out their pro-apoptotic effect as the mechanism of cell death. Among the inhibitors described, 5c, 5g, and 5h were able to rescue the hematopoietic phenotype in vivo using the FLT3-ITD zebrafish model of AML. 5c (leuxinostat) proved its efficacy in cells from FLT3-ITD AML patients, promoting marked acetylation of α-tubulin compared to histone H3, thereby confirming HDAC6 as a preferential target for this new class of hydroxamic acid derivatives at the tested doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Sara Rossi
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department
of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, SA 84081, Italy
| | - Alex Pezzotta
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA, Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI 20054, Italy
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department
of Precision Medicine, University of Campania
Luigi Vanvitelli, Via de Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Scala
- Department
of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, SA 84081, Italy
| | - Sabrina Carbone
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA, Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI 20054, Italy
| | - Anna Fontana
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Panzeca
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department
of Translational Medicine, University of
Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Francesca Galvani
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department
of Precision Medicine, University of Campania
Luigi Vanvitelli, Via de Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
- Program
of Medical Epigenetics, Vanvitelli Hospital, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department
of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, SA 84081, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department
of Translational Medicine, University of
Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department
of Precision Medicine, University of Campania
Luigi Vanvitelli, Via de Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
- Program
of Medical Epigenetics, Vanvitelli Hospital, Naples 80138, Italy
- Biogem
Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Ariano Irpino 83031, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department
of Translational Medicine, University of
Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA, Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI 20054, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
- Bioinformatics
Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-7346, Iran
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Belt AJ, Grant S, Tombes RM, Rothschild SC. Myeloid Targeted Human MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 Induces cdk9 and bcl2 Expression in Zebrafish Embryos. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011308. [PMID: 38829886 PMCID: PMC11175583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for greater than twenty thousand new cases of leukemia annually in the United States. The average five-year survival rate is approximately 30%, pointing to the need for developing novel model systems for drug discovery. In particular, patients with chromosomal rearrangements in the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene have higher relapse rates with poor outcomes. In this study we investigated the expression of human MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 in the myeloid lineage of zebrafish embryos. We observed an expansion of MLL positive cells and determined these cells colocalized with the myeloid markers spi1b, mpx, and mpeg. In addition, expression of MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 induced the expression of endogenous bcl2 and cdk9, genes that are often dysregulated in MLL-r-AML. Co-treatment of lyz: MLL-ENL or lyz:MLL-AF9 expressing embryos with the BCL2 inhibitor, Venetoclax, and the CDK9 inhibitor, Flavopiridol, significantly reduced the number of MLL positive cells compared to embryos treated with vehicle or either drug alone. In addition, cotreatment with Venetoclax and Flavopiridol significantly reduced the expression of endogenous mcl1a compared to vehicle, consistent with AML. This new model of MLL-r-AML provides a novel tool to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression and a platform for drug discovery.
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MESH Headings
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Animals
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/antagonists & inhibitors
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Humans
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Belt
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Tombes
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarah C. Rothschild
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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Patel P, Nandi A, Verma SK, Kaushik N, Suar M, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Zebrafish-based platform for emerging bio-contaminants and virus inactivation research. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162197. [PMID: 36781138 PMCID: PMC9922160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging bio-contaminants such as viruses have affected health and environment settings of every country. Viruses are the minuscule entities resulting in severe contagious diseases like SARS, MERS, Ebola, and avian influenza. Recent epidemic like the SARS-CoV-2, the virus has undergone mutations strengthen them and allowing to escape from the remedies. Comprehensive knowledge of viruses is essential for the development of targeted therapeutic and vaccination treatments. Animal models mimicking human biology like non-human primates, rats, mice, and rabbits offer competitive advantage to assess risk of viral infections, chemical toxins, nanoparticles, and microbes. However, their economic maintenance has always been an issue. Furthermore, the redundancy of experimental results due to aforementioned aspects is also in examine. Hence, exploration for the alternative animal models is crucial for risk assessments. The current review examines zebrafish traits and explores the possibilities to monitor emerging bio-contaminants. Additionally, a comprehensive picture of the bio contaminant and virus particle invasion and abatement mechanisms in zebrafish and human cells is presented. Moreover, a zebrafish model to investigate the emerging viruses such as coronaviridae and poxviridae has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Patel
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, 18323 Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea.
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Wu M, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wen Z. Learning from Zebrafish Hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:137-157. [PMID: 38228963 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process that tightly regulates the generation, proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of hematopoietic cells. Disruptions in hematopoiesis can lead to various diseases affecting both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic systems, such as leukemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic granuloma. The zebrafish serves as a powerful vertebrate model for studying hematopoiesis, offering valuable insights into both hematopoietic regulation and hematopoietic diseases. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of zebrafish hematopoiesis, highlighting its distinctive characteristics in hematopoietic processes. We discuss the ontogeny and modulation of both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, as well as the microenvironment that supports hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Additionally, we explore the utility of zebrafish as a disease model and its potential in drug discovery, which not only advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying hematopoiesis but also facilitates the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies for hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Xu
- South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zilong Wen
- Southern University of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Yi ZN, Chen XK, Ma ACH. Modeling leukemia with zebrafish (Danio rerio): Towards precision medicine. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113401. [PMID: 36306826 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer characterized by high genetic heterogeneity and fatality. While chemotherapy remains the primary form of treatment for leukemia, its effectiveness was profoundly diminished by the genetic heterogeneity and cytogenetic abnormalities of leukemic cells. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop precision medicine for leukemia with distinct genetic backgrounds. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish with exceptional feasibility in genome editing, is a powerful tool for rapid human cancer modeling. In the past decades, zebrafish have been adopted in modeling human leukemia, exploring the molecular mechanisms of underlying genetic abnormalities, and discovering novel therapeutic agents. Although many recurrent mutations of leukemia have been modeled in zebrafish for pathological study and drug discovery, its great potential in leukemia modeling was not yet fully exploited, particularly in precision medicine. In this review, we evaluated the current zebrafish models of leukemia/pre-leukemia and genetic techniques and discussed the potential of zebrafish models with novel techniques, which may contribute to the development of zebrafish as a disease model for precision medicine in treating leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Yi
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Ke Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin Chun-Hang Ma
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Rubin SA, Baron CS, Pessoa Rodrigues C, Duran M, Corbin AF, Yang SP, Trapnell C, Zon LI. Single-cell analyses reveal early thymic progenitors and pre-B cells in zebrafish. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220038. [PMID: 35938989 PMCID: PMC9365674 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish has proven to be a valuable model organism for studying hematopoiesis, but relatively little is known about zebrafish immune cell development and functional diversity. Elucidating key aspects of zebrafish lymphocyte development and exploring the breadth of effector functions would provide valuable insight into the evolution of adaptive immunity. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on ∼70,000 cells from the zebrafish marrow and thymus to establish a gene expression map of zebrafish immune cell development. We uncovered rich cellular diversity in the juvenile and adult zebrafish thymus, elucidated B- and T-cell developmental trajectories, and transcriptionally characterized subsets of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and early thymic progenitors. Our analysis permitted the identification of two dendritic-like cell populations and provided evidence in support of the existence of a pre-B cell state. Our results provide critical insights into the landscape of zebrafish immunology and offer a foundation for cellular and genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Rubin
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Chloé S. Baron
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Madeleine Duran
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alexandra F. Corbin
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Song P. Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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7
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Paiola M, Ma S, Robert J. Evolution and Potential Subfunctionalization of Duplicated fms-Related Class III Receptor Tyrosine Kinase flt3s and Their Ligands in the Allotetraploid Xenopus laevis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:960-969. [PMID: 36130129 PMCID: PMC9512362 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) and its ligand (Flt3lg) are important regulators of hematopoiesis and dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis with unsettled coevolution. Gene synteny and deduced amino acid sequence analyses identified conserved flt3 gene orthologs across all jawed vertebrates. In contrast, flt3lg orthologs were not retrieved in ray-finned fish, and the gene locus exhibited more variability among species. Interestingly, duplicated flt3/flt3lg genes were maintained in the allotetraploid Xenopus laevis Comparison of modeled structures of X. laevis Flt3 and Flt3lg homoeologs with the related diploid Xenopus tropicalis and with humans indicated a higher conformational divergence between the homoeologous pairs than their respective counterparts. The distinctive developmental and tissue expression patterns of Flt3 and Flt3lg homoeologs in tadpoles and adult frogs suggest a subfunctionalization of these homoeologs. To characterize Flt3 cell surface expression, X. laevis-tagged rFlt3lg.S and rFlt3lg.L were produced. Both rFlt3lg.S and rFlt3lg.L bind in vitro Flt3.S and Flt3.L and can trigger Erk1/2 signaling, which is consistent with a partial overlapping function between homoeologs. In spleen, Flt3.S/L cell surface expression was detected on a fraction of B cells and a population of MHC class IIhigh/CD8+ leukocytes phenotypically similar to the recently described dual follicular/conventional DC-like XL cells. Our result suggests that 1) Flt3lg.S and Flt3lg.L are both involved in XL cell homeostasis and that 2) XL cells have hematopoietic origin. Furthermore, we detected surface expression of the macrophage/monocyte marker Csf1r.S on XL cells as in mammalian and chicken DCs, which points to a common evolutionary origin in vertebrate DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paiola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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8
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Dai Y, Wu S, Cao C, Xue R, Luo X, Wen Z, Xu J. Csf1rb regulates definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Development 2022; 149:276084. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In vertebrates, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are capable of self-renewal and continuously replenishing all mature blood lineages throughout life. However, the molecular signaling regulating the maintenance and expansion of HSPCs remains incompletely understood. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is believed to be the primary regulator for the myeloid lineage but not HSPC development. Here, we show a surprising role of Csf1rb, a zebrafish homolog of mammalian CSF1R, in preserving the HSPC pool by maintaining the proliferation of HSPCs. Deficiency of csf1rb leads to a reduction in both HSPCs and their differentiated progenies, including myeloid, lymphoid and erythroid cells at early developmental stages. Likewise, the absence of csf1rb conferred similar defects upon HSPCs and leukocytes in adulthood. Furthermore, adult hematopoietic cells from csf1rb mutants failed to repopulate immunodeficient zebrafish. Interestingly, loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays suggested that the canonical ligands for Csf1r in zebrafish, including Csf1a, Csf1b and Il34, were unlikely to be ligands of Csf1rb. Thus, our data indicate a previously unappreciated role of Csf1r in maintaining HSPCs, independently of known ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Dai
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology 1 Laboratory of Immunology & Regeneration , , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2 Division of Life Science , , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Canran Cao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology 1 Laboratory of Immunology & Regeneration , , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongtao Xue
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University 3 Department of Hematology , , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 , China
| | - Xuefen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2 Division of Life Science , , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2 Division of Life Science , , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen Peking University−Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center 4 , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology 1 Laboratory of Immunology & Regeneration , , Guangzhou 510006, China
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9
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Pezzotta A, Gentile I, Genovese D, Totaro MG, Battaglia C, Leung AYH, Fumagalli M, Parma M, Cazzaniga G, Fazio G, Alcalay M, Marozzi A, Pistocchi A. HDAC6 inhibition decreases leukemic stem cell expansion driven by Hedgehog hyperactivation by restoring primary ciliogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106378. [PMID: 35918044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Hh pathway promotes cell proliferation and multi-drug resistance (MDR) in several cancers, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Notably, only one Hh inhibitor, glasdegib, has been approved for AML treatment, and most patients eventually relapse, highlighing the urgent need ti discover new therapeutic targets. Hh signal is transduced through the membrane of the primary cilium, a structure expressed by non-proliferating mammalian cells, whose stabilization depends on the activity of HDAC6. Here we describe a positive correlation between Hh, HDAC6, and MDR genes in a cohort of adult AML patients, human leukemic cell lines, and a zebrafish model of Hh overexpression. The hyper-activation of Hh or HDAC6 in zebrafish drove the increased proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Interestingly, this phenotype was rescued by inhibition of HDAC6 but not of Hh. Also, in human leukemic cell lines, a reduction in vitality was obtained through HDAC6, but not Hh inhibition. Our data showed the presence of a cross-talk between Hh and HDAC6 mediated by stabilization of the primary cilium, which we detect for the first time in zebrafish HSPCs. Inhibition of HDAC6 activity alone or in combination therapy with the chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine, efficiently rescued the hematopoietic phenotype. Our results open the possibility to introduce HDAC6 as therapeutic target to reduce proliferation of leukemic blasts in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pezzotta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gentile
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Genovese
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Monica Fumagalli
- Hospital San Gerardo, Clinica Ematologica e Centro Trapianti di Midollo Osseo, Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Parma
- Hospital San Gerardo, Clinica Ematologica e Centro Trapianti di Midollo Osseo, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano-Bicocca, Centro Maria Letizia Verga, Monza, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano-Bicocca, Centro Maria Letizia Verga, Monza, Italy
| | - Myriam Alcalay
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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10
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Russo I, Sartor E, Fagotto L, Colombo A, Tiso N, Alaibac M. The Zebrafish model in dermatology: an update for clinicians. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 35713744 PMCID: PMC9206045 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the zebrafish has been established as one of the most important model organisms for medical research. Several studies have proved that there is a high level of similarity between human and zebrafish genomes, which encourages the use of zebrafish as a model for understanding human genetic disorders, including cancer. Interestingly, zebrafish skin shows several similarities to human skin, suggesting that this model organism is particularly suitable for the study of neoplastic and inflammatory skin disorders. This paper appraises the specific characteristics of zebrafish skin and describes the major applications of the zebrafish model in dermatological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Emma Sartor
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Fagotto
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Colombo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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11
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Lai WJ, Chen F, Shu L, Yang XM, Yuan J, Xu JB, Leung AYH, He BL. Pivotal role of cytosolic phospholipase PLA2G4A in the pathogenesis of FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Dis 2022; 10:22-25. [PMID: 37013044 PMCID: PMC10066237 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Lingling Shu
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xin-Ming Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Jing-Bo Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Anskar Yu-Hung Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bai-Liang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Molina B, Chavez J, Grainger S. Zebrafish models of acute leukemias: Current models and future directions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 10:e400. [PMID: 33340278 PMCID: PMC8213871 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemias (ALL) are heterogenous diseases encompassing a wide array of genetic mutations with both loss and gain of function phenotypes. Ultimately, these both result in the clonal overgrowth of blast cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues. As a consequence of this, normal hematopoietic stem cell function is severely hampered. Technologies allowing for the early detection of genetic alterations and understanding of these varied molecular pathologies have helped to advance our treatment regimens toward personalized targeted therapies. In spite of this, both AML and ALL continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in part because molecular therapies for the plethora of genetic abnormalities have not been developed. This underscores the current need for better model systems for therapy development. This article reviews the current zebrafish models of AML and ALL and discusses how novel gene editing tools can be implemented to generate better models of acute leukemias. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease Technologies > Perturbing Genes and Generating Modified Animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Molina
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Chavez
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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13
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Goel H, Rahul E, Gupta I, Chopra A, Ranjan A, Gupta AK, Meena JP, Viswanathan GK, Bakhshi S, Misra A, Hussain S, Kumar R, Singh A, Rath GK, Sharma A, Mittan S, Tanwar P. Molecular and genomic landscapes in secondary & therapy related acute myeloid leukemia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2021; 11:472-497. [PMID: 34824881 PMCID: PMC8610791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex, aggressive myeloid neoplasm characterized by frequent somatic mutations that influence different functional categories' genes, resulting in maturational arrest and clonal expansion. AML can arise de novo (dn-AML) or can be secondary AML (s-AML) refers to a leukemic process which may arise from an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD-AML), mostly from a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) or can be the result of an antecedent cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy (therapy-related AML, t-AML). Clinical and biological features in secondary and therapy-related AML are distinct from de novo AML. Secondary and therapy-related AML occurs mainly in the elderly population and responds worse to therapy with higher relapse rates due to resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Over the last decade, advances in molecular genetics have disclosed the sub-clonal architecture of secondary and therapy-related AML. Recent investigations have revealed that cytogenetic abnormalities and underlying genetic aberrations (mutations) are likely to be significant factors dictating prognosis and critical impacts on treatment outcome. Secondary and therapy-related AML have a poorer outcome with adverse cytogenetic abnormalities and higher recurrences of unfavorable mutations compared to de novo AML. In this review, we present an overview of the clinical features of secondary and therapy-related AML and address the function of genetic mutations implicated in the pathogenesis of secondary leukemia. Detailed knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms gives an overview of new prognostic markers, including targetable mutations that will presumably lead to the designing and developing novel molecular targeted therapies for secondary and therapy-related AML. Despite significant advances in knowing the genetic aspect of secondary and therapy-related AML, its influence on the disease's pathophysiology, standard treatment prospects have not significantly evolved during the past three decades. Thus, we conclude this review by summarizing the modern and developing treatment strategies in secondary and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ekta Rahul
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ishan Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jagdish Prasad Meena
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Viswanathan
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Aroonima Misra
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMRNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division Of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research I-7, Sector-39Noida 201301, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rudgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyNJ 07103, United States
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health SciencesJaipur 302033, India
| | - GK Rath
- Department of Radiotherapy, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital1468 Madison Avenue, New York 10028, United States
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
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14
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Cai Y, Wang J, Jin D, Liu Q, Chen X, Pan L, Li Y, Wang X, Qian F, Wang J, Zhong TP, Wang S. Dhx15 regulates zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis through the unfolded protein response pathway. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3884-3894. [PMID: 34077586 PMCID: PMC8409414 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene alterations are recognized as important events in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression. Studies on hematopoiesis of altered genes contribute to a better understanding on their roles in AML progression. Our previous work reported a DEAH box helicase 15 (DHX15) R222G mutation in AML patients, and we showed DHX15 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in AML patients. In this work, we further study the role of dhx15 in zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis by generating dhx15−/− zebrafish using transcription activator‐like effector nuclease technology. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis showed hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were dramatically perturbed when dhx15 was deleted. Immunofluorescence staining indicated inhibited hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation instead of accelerated apoptosis were detected in dhx15−/− zebrafish. Furthermore, our data showed that HSPC defect is mediated through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. DHX15 R222G mutation, a recurrent mutation identified in AML patients, displayed a compromised function in restoring HSPC failure in dhx15−/−; Tg (hsp: DHX15 R222G) zebrafish. Collectively, this work revealed a vital role of dhx15 in the maintenance of definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish through the unfolded protein respone pathway. The study of DHX15 and DHX15 R222G mutation could hold clinical significance for evaluating prognosis of AML patients with aberrant DHX15 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Cai
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Daqing Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianglei Chen
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Peter Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaoyuan Wang
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Balasundaram C, Thamizharasan S, Hoseinifar SH, Abdel-Tawwab M. Effect of diet enriched with Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides (ABPs) on antioxidant property, innate-adaptive immune response and pro-anti inflammatory genes expression in Ctenopharyngodon idella against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:238-252. [PMID: 33989765 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides (ABPs) supplemented diet on growth rate, antioxidant capacity, innate-adaptive immune response, proinflammatory and antiinflammatory genes expression in Ctenopharyngodon idella against Aeromonas hydrophila is reported. In both normal and challenged groups fed with 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg-1 ABPs diets resulted in a significant weight gain and feed intake. The survival was 100% in normal fish fed without or with any ABPs diet; the challenged fish fed with 1.0 mg kg-1 ABPs diet had 98.6% survival. The RBC and WBC counts, Hb, and Hct levels were significant in both normal and challenged groups fed with 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg-1 ABPs diets. A significant increase in total protein and albumin level was observed in both groups fed with 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg-1 ABPs diets. Significant increase in GPx, ROS, GR, GSH, PC, and MnSOD activity was observed in HK of both groups fed with 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg-1 ABPs diets; similarly both groups when fed with the same ABPs diets showed significant Lz, C3, and C4 activity. However, both groups fed with 1.0 mg kg-1 ABPs diet showed significant β-defensin, LEAP-2A, IL-6, and NF-κB P65 mRNA expression. Similarly, IFN-γ2, IL-10, and TNFα mRNA expressions were significant in both groups fed with 1.0 mg kg-1 ABPs diet. The results indicate that both normal and challenged C. idella fed with a 1.0 mg kg-1 ABPs diet had better growth, antioxidant status, immune response, and pro-anti-inflammatory gene modulation against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Thamizharasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
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16
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Bergo V, Trompouki E. New tools for 'ZEBRA-FISHING'. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab001. [PMID: 33605988 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish has been established as a classical model for developmental studies, yet in the past years, with the explosion of novel technological methods, the use of zebrafish as a model has expanded. One of the prominent fields that took advantage of zebrafish as a model organism early on is hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell generation from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In zebrafish, HSPCs are born early during development in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and then translocate to the caudal hematopoietic tissue, where they expand and finally take residence in the kidney marrow. This journey is tightly regulated at multiple levels from extracellular signals to chromatin. In order to delineate the mechanistic underpinnings of this process, next-generation sequencing techniques could be an important ally. Here, we describe genome-wide approaches that have been undertaken to delineate zebrafish hematopoiesis.
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17
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Wang A, Hu C, Chen C, Liang X, Wang B, Zou F, Yu K, Li F, Liu Q, Qi Z, Wang J, Wang W, Wang L, Weisberg EL, Wang W, Li L, Ge J, Xia R, Liu J, Liu Q. Selectively targeting FLT3-ITD mutants over FLT3-wt by a novel inhibitor for acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:605-609. [PMID: 32299905 PMCID: PMC7849575 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.244186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lili Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Jian Ge
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Ruixiang Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myeloid cells contribute to immune response to infection and tissue regeneration after injury as well as to the developmental induction of the hematopoietic system overall. Here we review recent uses of zebrafish to advance the study of myeloid biology in development and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have made use of advanced imaging and genetic strategies and have highlighted key concepts in myeloid cell behavior. These include immune-cell cross-talk and subpopulation response in infection and regeneration, and tightly regulated inflammatory and tissue remodeling behaviors in development. SUMMARY These new findings will shape our understanding of the developmental origins of immune populations as well as their specific cellular behaviors at all stages of infection, regeneration, and myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Wattrus
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Characterization of somatic mutation-associated microenvironment signatures in acute myeloid leukemia patients based on TCGA analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19037. [PMID: 33149230 PMCID: PMC7643165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent genetic mutations occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and have been incorporated into risk stratification to predict the prognoses of AML patients. The bone marrow microenvironment plays a critical role in the development and progression of AML. However, the characteristics of the genetic mutation-associated microenvironment have not been comprehensively identified to date. In this study, we obtained the gene expression profiles of 173 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and calculated their immune and stromal scores by applying the ESTIMATE algorithm. Immune scores were significantly associated with OS and cytogenetic risk. Next, we categorized the intermediate and poor cytogenetic risk patients into individual-mutation and wild-type groups according to RUNX1, ASXL1, TP53, FLT3-ITD, NPM1 and biallelic CEBPA mutation status. The relationships between the immune microenvironment and each genetic mutation were investigated by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conducting functional enrichment analyses of them. Significant immune- and stromal-relevant DEGs associated with each mutation were identified, and most of the DEGs (from the FLT3-ITD, NPM1 and biallelic CEBPA mutation groups) were validated in the GSE14468 cohort downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In summary, we identified key immune- and stromal-relevant gene signatures associated with genetic mutations in AML, which may provide new biomarkers for risk stratification and personalized immunotherapy.
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20
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Kuil LE, Oosterhof N, Ferrero G, Mikulášová T, Hason M, Dekker J, Rovira M, van der Linde HC, van Strien PMH, de Pater E, Schaaf G, Bindels EMJ, Wittamer V, van Ham TJ. Zebrafish macrophage developmental arrest underlies depletion of microglia and reveals Csf1r-independent metaphocytes. eLife 2020; 9:e53403. [PMID: 32367800 PMCID: PMC7237208 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages derive from multiple sources of hematopoietic progenitors. Most macrophages require colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), but some macrophages persist in the absence of CSF1R. Here, we analyzed mpeg1:GFP-expressing macrophages in csf1r-deficient zebrafish and report that embryonic macrophages emerge followed by their developmental arrest. In larvae, mpeg1+ cell numbers then increased showing two distinct types in the skin: branched, putative Langerhans cells, and amoeboid cells. In contrast, although numbers also increased in csf1r-mutants, exclusively amoeboid mpeg1+ cells were present, which we showed by genetic lineage tracing to have a non-hematopoietic origin. They expressed macrophage-associated genes, but also showed decreased phagocytic gene expression and increased epithelial-associated gene expression, characteristic of metaphocytes, recently discovered ectoderm-derived cells. We further demonstrated that juvenile csf1r-deficient zebrafish exhibit systemic macrophage depletion. Thus, csf1r deficiency disrupts embryonic to adult macrophage development. Zebrafish deficient for csf1r are viable and permit analyzing the consequences of macrophage loss throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Giuliano Ferrero
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Tereza Mikulášová
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martina Hason
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jordy Dekker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Mireia Rovira
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Gerben Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Erik MJ Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Valerie Wittamer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
- WELBIO, ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
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21
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Casey MJ, Stewart RA. Pediatric Cancer Models in Zebrafish. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:407-418. [PMID: 32348736 PMCID: PMC7194396 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cancer is a leading cause of death in children and adolescents. Improvements in pediatric cancer treatment that include the alleviation of long-term adverse effects require a deeper understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and developmental factors driving these cancers. Here, we review how the unique attributes of the zebrafish model system in embryology, imaging, and scalability have been used to identify new mechanisms of tumor initiation, progression, and relapse and for drug discovery. We focus on zebrafish models of leukemias, neural tumors and sarcomas - the most common and difficult childhood cancers to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie J Casey
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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22
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He B, Yang N, Man CH, Ng NK, Cher C, Leung H, Kan LL, Cheng BY, Lam SS, Wang ML, Zhang C, Kwok H, Cheng G, Sharma R, Ma AC, So CE, Kwong Y, Leung AY. Follistatin is a novel therapeutic target and biomarker in FLT3/ITD acute myeloid leukemia. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10895. [PMID: 32134197 PMCID: PMC7136967 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/ITD) occurs in about 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with poor response to conventional treatment and adverse outcome. Here, we reported that human FLT3/ITD expression led to axis duplication and dorsalization in about 50% of zebrafish embryos. The morphologic phenotype was accompanied by ectopic expression of a morphogen follistatin (fst) during early embryonic development. Increase in fst expression also occurred in adult FLT3/ITD-transgenic zebrafish, Flt3/ITD knock-in mice, and human FLT3/ITD AML cells. Overexpression of human FST317 and FST344 isoforms enhanced clonogenicity and leukemia engraftment in xenotransplantation model via RET, IL2RA, and CCL5 upregulation. Specific targeting of FST by shRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, or antisense oligo inhibited leukemic growth in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, serum FST positively correlated with leukemia engraftment in FLT3/ITD AML patient-derived xenograft mice and leukemia blast percentage in primary AML patients. In FLT3/ITD AML patients treated with FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib, serum FST levels correlated with clinical response. These observations supported FST as a novel therapeutic target and biomarker in FLT3/ITD AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai‐Liang He
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Ning Yang
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Cheuk Him Man
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Nelson Ka‐Lam Ng
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Chae‐Yin Cher
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ho‐Ching Leung
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Leo Lai‐Hok Kan
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Bowie Yik‐Ling Cheng
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Stephen Sze‐Yuen Lam
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Michelle Lu‐Lu Wang
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Chun‐Xiao Zhang
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Hin Kwok
- Centre for Genomic SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Grace Cheng
- Centre for Genomic SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Centre for Genomic SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Alvin Chun‐Hang Ma
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina
| | - Chi‐Wai Eric So
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology GroupDivision of Cancer StudiesDepartment of Hematological MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yok‐Lam Kwong
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Anskar Yu‐Hung Leung
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Hason M, Bartůněk P. Zebrafish Models of Cancer-New Insights on Modeling Human Cancer in a Non-Mammalian Vertebrate. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110935. [PMID: 31731811 PMCID: PMC6896156 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable non-mammalian vertebrate model widely used to study development and disease, including more recently cancer. The evolutionary conservation of cancer-related programs between human and zebrafish is striking and allows extrapolation of research outcomes obtained in fish back to humans. Zebrafish has gained attention as a robust model for cancer research mainly because of its high fecundity, cost-effective maintenance, dynamic visualization of tumor growth in vivo, and the possibility of chemical screening in large numbers of animals at reasonable costs. Novel approaches in modeling tumor growth, such as using transgene electroporation in adult zebrafish, could improve our knowledge about the spatial and temporal control of cancer formation and progression in vivo. Looking at genetic as well as epigenetic alterations could be important to explain the pathogenesis of a disease as complex as cancer. In this review, we highlight classic genetic and transplantation models of cancer in zebrafish as well as provide new insights on advances in cancer modeling. Recent progress in zebrafish xenotransplantation studies and drug screening has shown that zebrafish is a reliable model to study human cancer and could be suitable for evaluating patient-derived xenograft cell invasiveness. Rapid, large-scale evaluation of in vivo drug responses and kinetics in zebrafish could undoubtedly lead to new applications in personalized medicine and combination therapy. For all of the above-mentioned reasons, zebrafish is approaching a future of being a pre-clinical cancer model, alongside the mouse. However, the mouse will continue to be valuable in the last steps of pre-clinical drug screening, mostly because of the highly conserved mammalian genome and biological processes.
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Konantz M, Schürch C, Hanns P, Müller JS, Sauteur L, Lengerke C. Modeling hematopoietic disorders in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/9/dmm040360. [PMID: 31519693 PMCID: PMC6765189 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish offer a powerful vertebrate model for studies of development and disease. The major advantages of this model include the possibilities of conducting reverse and forward genetic screens and of observing cellular processes by in vivo imaging of single cells. Moreover, pathways regulating blood development are highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals, and several discoveries made in fish were later translated to murine and human models. This review and accompanying poster provide an overview of zebrafish hematopoiesis and discuss the existing zebrafish models of blood disorders, such as myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes and immunodeficiencies, with a focus on how these models were generated and how they can be applied for translational research. Summary: This At A Glance article and poster summarize the last 20 years of research in zebrafish models for hematopoietic disorders, highlighting how these models were created and are being applied for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schürch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Hanns
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle S Müller
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Sauteur
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland.,Division of Hematology, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
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Skayneh H, Jishi B, Hleihel R, Hamieh M, Darwiche N, Bazarbachi A, El Sabban M, El Hajj H. A Critical Review of Animal Models Used in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathophysiology. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E614. [PMID: 31412687 PMCID: PMC6722578 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most frequent, complex, and heterogeneous hematological malignancies. AML prognosis largely depends on acquired cytogenetic, epigenetic, and molecular abnormalities. Despite the improvement in understanding the biology of AML, survival rates remain quite low. Animal models offer a valuable tool to recapitulate different AML subtypes, and to assess the potential role of novel and known mutations in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of select available AML animal models. These include the non-mammalian Zebrafish and Drosophila models as well as the mammalian rodent systems, comprising rats and mice. The suitability of each animal model, its contribution to the advancement of knowledge in AML pathophysiology and treatment, as well as its advantages and limitations are discussed. Despite some limitations, animal models represent a powerful approach to assess toxicity, and permit the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Skayneh
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Jishi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Maguy Hamieh
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Zebrafish disease models in hematology: Highlights on biological and translational impact. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:620-633. [PMID: 30593895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has proven to be a versatile and reliable in vivo experimental model to study human hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. As vertebrates, zebrafish has significant anatomical and biological similarities to humans, including the hematopoietic system. The powerful genome editing and genome-wide forward genetic screening tools have generated models that recapitulate human malignant hematopoietic pathologies in zebrafish and unravel cellular mechanisms involved in these diseases. Moreover, the use of zebrafish models in large-scale chemical screens has allowed the identification of new molecular targets and the design of alternative therapies. In this review we summarize the recent achievements in hematological research that highlight the power of the zebrafish model for discovery of new therapeutic molecules. We believe that the model is ready to give an immediate translational impact into the clinic.
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Oltova J, Svoboda O, Bartunek P. Hematopoietic Cytokine Gene Duplication in Zebrafish Erythroid and Myeloid Lineages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:174. [PMID: 30619854 PMCID: PMC6306437 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a precisely orchestrated process regulated by the activity of hematopoietic cytokines and their respective receptors. Due to an extra round of whole genome duplication during vertebrate evolution in teleost fish, zebrafish have two paralogs of many important genes, including genes involved in hematopoiesis. Importantly, these duplication events brought increased level of complexity in such cases, where both ligands and receptors have been duplicated in parallel. Therefore, precise understanding of binding specificities between duplicated ligand-receptor signalosomes as well as understanding of their differential expression provide an important basis for future studies to better understand the role of duplication of these genes. However, although many recent studies in the field have partly addressed functional redundancy or sub-specialization of some of those duplicated paralogs, this information remains to be scattered over many publications and unpublished data. Therefore, the focus of this review is to provide an overview of recent findings in the zebrafish hematopoietic field regarding activity, role and specificity of some of the hematopoietic cytokines with emphasis on crucial regulators of the erythro-myeloid lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Oltova
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Svoboda
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Petr Bartunek
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
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[The clinical and prognostic significance of acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2018; 37:1017-1021. [PMID: 28088961 PMCID: PMC7348493 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
目的 探讨FLT3-ITD突变阳性急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床特征和预后因素,为FLT3-ITD突变阳性AML患者的预后评估提供更多证据。 方法 收集98例FLT3-ITD突变阳性AML初诊患者的临床资料,对其临床特征与预后的相关性进行统计学分析。 结果 98例FLT3-ITD突变阳性AML患者初诊时中位WBC 58.2(0.3~461.8)×109/L,外周血原始细胞绝对计数中位数42.2(0~397.1)×109/L。71例细胞遗传学中高危组患者1个疗程完全缓解(CR)率为60.6%,原发耐药率为26.8%。单因素分析结果显示外周血原始细胞绝对计数低是影响患者1个疗程CR的良好预后因素(P=0.009)。多因素分析结果显示,1个疗程达CR(HR=0.395,95%CI 0.183~0.850,P=0.001)及第1次CR期行异基因造血干细胞移植(HR=0.180,95%CI 0.043~0.752,P=0.018)是影响患者无复发生存的良好预后因素,1个疗程达CR(HR=0.251,95%CI 0.121~0.523,P<0.001)及外周血原始细胞绝对计数低(HR=0.219, 95%CI 0.088~0.545,P=0.003)是影响患者总生存的良好预后因素。 结论 外周血原始细胞计数低的FLT3-ITD突变阳性AML患者预后相对良好,1个疗程达CR和第1次CR期行异基因造血干细胞移植是改善FLT3-ITD突变阳性AML患者预后的重要治疗策略。
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de Pater E, Trompouki E. Bloody Zebrafish: Novel Methods in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:124. [PMID: 30374440 PMCID: PMC6196227 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an optimal system for studying stem cell maintenance and lineage differentiation under physiological and pathological conditions. In vertebrate organisms, billions of differentiated hematopoietic cells need to be continuously produced to replenish the blood cell pool. Disruptions in this process have immediate consequences for oxygen transport, responses against pathogens, maintenance of hemostasis and vascular integrity. Zebrafish is a widely used and well-established model for studying the hematopoietic system. Several new hematopoietic regulators were identified in genetic and chemical screens using the zebrafish model. Moreover, zebrafish enables in vivo imaging of hematopoietic stem cell generation and differentiation during embryogenesis, and adulthood. Finally, zebrafish has been used to model hematopoietic diseases. Recent technological advances in single-cell transcriptome analysis, epigenetic regulation, proteomics, metabolomics, and processing of large data sets promise to transform the current understanding of normal, abnormal, and malignant hematopoiesis. In this perspective, we discuss how the zebrafish model has proven beneficial for studying physiological and pathological hematopoiesis and how these novel technologies are transforming the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Human MLL-AF9 Overexpression Induces Aberrant Hematopoietic Expansion in Zebrafish. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6705842. [PMID: 30003105 PMCID: PMC5998191 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6705842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 11q23 of the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) gene plays a crucial role in early embryonic development and hematopoiesis. The MLL-AF9 fusion gene, resulting from chromosomal translocation, often leads to acute myeloid leukemia with poor prognosis. Here, we generated a zebrafish model expressing the human MLL-AF9 fusion gene. Microinjection of human MLL-AF9 mRNA into zebrafish embryos resulted in enhanced hematopoiesis and the activation of downstream genes such as meis1 and hox cluster genes. Embryonic MLL-AF9 expression upregulated HSPC and myeloid lineage markers. Doxorubicin and MI-2 (a menin inhibitor) treatments significantly restored normal hematopoiesis in MLL-AF9-expressing animals. This study provides insight into the role of MLL-AF9 in zebrafish hematopoiesis and establishes a robust and efficient in vivo model for high-throughput drug screening.
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Gore AV, Pillay LM, Venero Galanternik M, Weinstein BM. The zebrafish: A fintastic model for hematopoietic development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e312. [PMID: 29436122 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process with a variety of different signaling pathways influencing every step of blood cell formation from the earliest precursors to final differentiated blood cell types. Formation of blood cells is crucial for survival. Blood cells carry oxygen, promote organ development and protect organs in different pathological conditions. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for generating all adult differentiated blood cells. Defects in HSPCs or their downstream lineages can lead to anemia and other hematological disorders including leukemia. The zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system to study hematopoiesis. The developmental processes and molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish hematopoiesis are conserved with higher vertebrates, and the genetic and experimental accessibility of the fish and the optical transparency of its embryos and larvae make it ideal for in vivo analysis of hematopoietic development. Defects in zebrafish hematopoiesis reliably phenocopy human blood disorders, making it a highly attractive model system to screen small molecules to design therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the key developmental processes and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish hematopoiesis. We also discuss recent findings highlighting the strengths of zebrafish as a model system for drug discovery against hematopoietic disorders. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Overexpression of SOX4 correlates with poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia and is leukemogenic in zebrafish. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e593. [PMID: 28841206 PMCID: PMC5596385 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOX4 transcription factor is a key regulator of embryonic development, cell-fate decision, cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. Abnormal expression of SOX4 is related to malignant tumor transformation and cancer metastasis. However, no reports are available regarding the clinical significance of SOX4 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the role of SOX4 in leukemogenesis. In the current study, we found that AML patients with low bone marrow (BM) SOX4 expression had higher remission rates and longer overall survival than those with high SOX4 expression, regardless of age, white blood cell count at diagnosis, karyotype profile and NPM1/FLT3-ITD status. To elucidate the role of SOX4 in leukemogenesis, we generated a transgenic zebrafish model that overexpressed human SOX4 in the myeloid lineage Tg(spi1-SOX4-EGFP). These transgenic zebrafish showed, at 5 months of age, increased myelopoiesis with dedifferentiation in kidney marrow. At 9 months of age, their kidney structure was significantly effaced and distorted by increased infiltration of myeloid progenitor cells. These results suggest that SOX4 is not only an independent prognostic factor of AML, but also an important molecular factor in leukemogenesis.
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Satgé D, Nishi M, Sirvent N, Vekemans M, Chenard MP, Barnes A. A tumor profile in Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2088-2096. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Satgé
- Oncodéfi and University Institute for Clinical Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department (EA 2415); Montpellier France
| | - Motoi Nishi
- Department of Fundamental Health Sciences; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Tobetsu Japan
| | - Nicolas Sirvent
- Pediatric Oncology; CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve; Montpellier France
| | - Michel Vekemans
- Department of Genetics; Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, and Institut Imagine; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | | | - Ann Barnes
- Support Organization for Trisomy 18, 13 and Related Disorders − Surgery Registry (SOFT-SR) Rochester; Rochester New York
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Abstract
The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a well-established, invaluable model system for the study of human cancers. The genetic pathways that drive oncogenesis are highly conserved between zebrafish and humans, and multiple unique attributes of the zebrafish make it a tractable tool for analyzing the underlying cellular processes that give rise to human disease. In particular, the high conservation between human and zebrafish hematopoiesis (Jing & Zon, 2011) has stimulated the development of zebrafish models for human hematopoietic malignancies to elucidate molecular pathogenesis and to expedite the preclinical investigation of novel therapies. While T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the first transgenic cancer model in zebrafish (Langenau et al., 2003), a wide spectrum of zebrafish models of human hematopoietic malignancies has been established since 2003, largely through transgenesis and genome-editing approaches. This chapter presents key examples that validate the zebrafish as an indispensable model system for the study of hematopoietic malignancies and highlights new models that demonstrate recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S He
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C-B Jing
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A T Look
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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A Zebrafish Model for Evaluating the Function of Human Leukemic Gene IDH1 and Its Mutation. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1633:193-218. [PMID: 28735489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7142-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has greatly accelerated identification of gene mutations in myeloid malignancies at unprecedented speed that will soon outpace their functional validation by conventional laboratory techniques and animal models. A high-throughput whole-organism model is useful for the functional validation of new mutations. We recently reported the use of zebrafish to evaluate the hematopoietic function of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and the effects of expressing human IDH1-R132H that is frequently identified in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in myelopoiesis, with a view to develop zebrafish as a model of AML. Here, we use IDH1 as an example to describe a comprehensive approach to evaluate hematopoietic gene function and the effects of mutations using zebrafish as a model.
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Hong CA, Cho SK, Edson JA, Kim J, Ingato D, Pham B, Chuang A, Fruman D, Kwon YJ. Viral/Nonviral Chimeric Nanoparticles To Synergistically Suppress Leukemia Proliferation via Simultaneous Gene Transduction and Silencing. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8705-14. [PMID: 27472284 PMCID: PMC5602606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single modal cancer therapy that targets one pathological pathway often turns out to be inefficient. For example, relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after inhibiting BCR-ABL fusion protein using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (e.g., Imatinib) is of significant clinical concern. This study developed a dual modal gene therapy that simultaneously tackles two key BCR-ABL-linked pathways using viral/nonviral chimeric nanoparticles (ChNPs). Consisting of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) core and an acid-degradable polymeric shell, the ChNPs were designed to simultaneously induce pro-apoptotic BIM expression by the AAV core and silence pro-survival MCL-1 by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) encapsulated in the shell. The resulting BIM/MCL-1 ChNPs were able to efficiently suppress the proliferation of BCR-ABL+ K562 and FL5.12/p190 cells in vitro and in vivo via simultaneously expressing BIM and silencing MCL-1. Interestingly, the synergistic antileukemic effects generated by BIM/MCL-1 ChNPs were specific to BCR-ABL+ cells and independent of a proliferative cytokine, IL-3. The AAV core of ChNPs was efficiently shielded from inactivation by anti-AAV serum and avoided the generation of anti-AAV serum, without acute toxicity. This study demonstrates the development of a synergistically efficient, specific, and safe therapy for leukemia using gene carriers that simultaneously manipulate multiple and interlinked pathological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Am Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Soo Kyung Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Julius A. Edson
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jane Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dominique Ingato
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Bryan Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anthony Chuang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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37
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Robertson AL, Avagyan S, Gansner JM, Zon LI. Understanding the regulation of vertebrate hematopoiesis and blood disorders - big lessons from a small fish. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4016-4033. [PMID: 27616157 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all differentiated blood cells. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and lineage specification of HSCs is key for developing treatments for many human diseases. Zebrafish have emerged as an excellent model for studying vertebrate hematopoiesis. This review will highlight the unique strengths of zebrafish and important findings that have emerged from studies of blood development and disorders using this system. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of hematopoiesis, including the origin of HSCs, molecular control of their development, and key signaling pathways involved in their regulation. We highlight significant findings from zebrafish models of blood disorders and discuss their application for investigating stem cell dysfunction in disease and for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Robertson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Serine Avagyan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MA, USA
| | - John M Gansner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Overexpression of FLT3-ITD driven by spi-1 results in expanded myelopoiesis with leukemic phenotype in zebrafish. Leukemia 2016; 30:2098-2101. [PMID: 27271227 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Dhami SPS, Kappala SS, Thompson A, Szegezdi E. Three-dimensional ex vivo co-culture models of the leukaemic bone marrow niche for functional drug testing. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1464-1471. [PMID: 27130156 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a hierarchically structured malignancy in which aberrant leukemic stem cells drive the production of leukaemic blast cell clones. AML cells strictly depend on the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in which they reside. Classical AML cell cultures fail to mimic the BMM and, therefore, drug discovery studies are dominated by in vivo models. However, animal models are time consuming, labour intensive, provide limited mechanistic insight, and are unsuited for high-throughput studies, necessitating the development of novel AML models. The evolving ex vivo BMM-mimicking culture systems aim to fill this gap, with increasing success. Here, we discuss how AML-microenvironment co-culture models advance our understanding of this disease, and highlight their future potential for translational AML research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhraj Pal S Dhami
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shanthi S Kappala
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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40
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Lin CY, Chiang CY, Tsai HJ. Zebrafish and Medaka: new model organisms for modern biomedical research. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:19. [PMID: 26822757 PMCID: PMC4730764 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although they are primitive vertebrates, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) have surpassed other animals as the most used model organisms based on their many advantages. Studies on gene expression patterns, regulatory cis-elements identification, and gene functions can be facilitated by using zebrafish embryos via a number of techniques, including transgenesis, in vivo transient assay, overexpression by injection of mRNAs, knockdown by injection of morpholino oligonucleotides, knockout and gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 system and mutagenesis. In addition, transgenic lines of model fish harboring a tissue-specific reporter have become a powerful tool for the study of biological sciences, since it is possible to visualize the dynamic expression of a specific gene in the transparent embryos. In particular, some transgenic fish lines and mutants display defective phenotypes similar to those of human diseases. Therefore, a wide variety of fish model not only sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis in vivo but also provides a living platform for high-throughput screening of drug candidates. Interestingly, transgenic model fish lines can also be applied as biosensors to detect environmental pollutants, and even as pet fish to display beautiful fluorescent colors. Therefore, transgenic model fish possess a broad spectrum of applications in modern biomedical research, as exampled in the following review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, No.46, Section 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, No.46, Section 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, No.46, Section 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.
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41
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Shi X, He BL, Ma ACH, Leung AYH. Fishing the targets of myeloid malignancies in the era of next generation sequencing. Blood Rev 2015; 30:119-30. [PMID: 26443083 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent advent in next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics has generated an unprecedented amount of genetic information in myeloidmalignancies. This information may shed lights to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognostication of these diseases and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention. However, the rapid emergence of genetic information will quickly outpace their functional validation by conventional laboratory platforms. Foundational knowledge about zebrafish hematopoiesis accumulated over the past two decades and novel genomeediting technologies and research strategies in thismodel organismhavemade it a unique and timely research tool for the study of human blood diseases. Recent studies modeling human myeloid malignancies in zebrafish have also highlighted the technical feasibility and clinical relevance of thesemodels. Careful validation of experimental protocols and standardization among laboratorieswill further enhance the application of zebrafish in the scientific communities and provide important insights to the personalized treatment ofmyeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Shi
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
| | - Bai-Liang He
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
| | - Alvin C H Ma
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
| | - Anskar Y H Leung
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
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42
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Peng X, Dong M, Ma L, Jia XE, Mao J, Jin C, Chen Y, Gao L, Liu X, Ma K, Wang L, Du T, Jin Y, Huang Q, Li K, Zon LI, Liu T, Deng M, Zhou Y, Xi X, Zhou Y, Chen S. A point mutation of zebrafish c-cbl gene in the ring finger domain produces a phenotype mimicking human myeloproliferative disease. Leukemia 2015; 29:2355-65. [PMID: 26104663 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are critical for vertebrate development and survival. These processes are tightly regulated by the transcription factors, signaling molecules and epigenetic factors. Impaired regulations of their function could result in hematological malignancies. Using a large-scale zebrafish N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis screening, we identified a line named LDD731, which presented significantly increased HSPCs in hematopoietic organs. Further analysis revealed that the cells of erythroid/myeloid lineages in definitive hematopoiesis were increased while the primitive hematopoiesis was not affected. The homozygous mutation was lethal with a median survival time around 14-15 days post fertilization. The causal mutation was located by positional cloning in the c-cbl gene, the human ortholog of which, c-CBL, is found frequently mutated in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) or acute leukemia. Sequence analysis showed the mutation in LDD731 caused a histidine-to-tyrosine substitution of the amino acid codon 382 within the RING finger domain of c-Cbl. Moreover, the myeloproliferative phenotype in zebrafish seemed dependent on the Flt3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) signaling, consistent with that observed in both mice and humans. Our study may shed new light on the pathogenesis of MPN and provide a useful in vivo vertebrate model of this syndrome for screening drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - M Dong
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X-E Jia
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - C Jin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - L Gao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - K Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - T Du
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - K Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - L I Zon
- Stem Cell Program at Boston Children's Hospital, Hematology/Oncology Program at Children's Hospital and Dana Faber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Deng
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Stem Cell Program at Boston Children's Hospital, Hematology/Oncology Program at Children's Hospital and Dana Faber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
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43
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Functions of idh1 and its mutation in the regulation of developmental hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Blood 2015; 125:2974-84. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-601187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Zebrafish idh1 plays an important role in the regulation of myelopoiesis and definitive hematopoiesis. Expression of human IDH1-R132H and its zebrafish orthologue induced an increase in myelopoiesis and 2-hydroxyglutrate.
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44
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Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Human Myeloid Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:641475. [PMID: 26064935 PMCID: PMC4433643 DOI: 10.1155/2015/641475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies are heterogeneous disorders characterized by uncontrolled proliferation or/and blockage of differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although a substantial number of gene alterations have been identified, the mechanism by which these abnormalities interact has yet to be elucidated. Over the past decades, zebrafish have become an important model organism, especially in biomedical research. Several zebrafish models have been developed to recapitulate the characteristics of specific myeloid malignancies that provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases and allow the evaluation of novel small molecule drugs. This report will focus on illustrative examples of applications of zebrafish models, including transgenesis, zebrafish xenograft models, and cell transplantation approaches, to the study of human myeloid malignancies.
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45
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Zebrafish as a model for leukemia and other hematopoietic disorders. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:29. [PMID: 25884214 PMCID: PMC4389495 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is an established model for the study of vertebrate development, and is especially amenable for investigating hematopoiesis, where there is strong conservation of key lineages, genes, and developmental processes with humans. Over recent years, zebrafish has been increasingly utilized as a model for a range of human hematopoietic diseases, including malignancies. This review provides an overview of zebrafish hematopoiesis and describes its application as a model of leukemia and other hematopoietic disorders.
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46
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Göring S, Bensinger D, Naumann EC, Schmidt B. Computer-Guided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Quinoxalinebisarylureas as FLT3 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:511-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Warkentin AA, Lopez MS, Lasater EA, Lin K, He BL, Leung AY, Smith CC, Shah NP, Shokat KM. Overcoming myelosuppression due to synthetic lethal toxicity for FLT3-targeted acute myeloid leukemia therapy. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25531068 PMCID: PMC4307180 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in FLT3 confer poor prognosis for individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinically active investigational FLT3 inhibitors can achieve complete remissions but their utility has been hampered by acquired resistance and myelosuppression attributed to a ‘synthetic lethal toxicity’ arising from simultaneous inhibition of FLT3 and KIT. We report a novel chemical strategy for selective FLT3 inhibition while avoiding KIT inhibition with the staurosporine analog, Star 27. Star 27 maintains potency against FLT3 in proliferation assays of FLT3-transformed cells compared with KIT-transformed cells, shows no toxicity towards normal human hematopoiesis at concentrations that inhibit primary FLT3-mutant AML blast growth, and is active against mutations that confer resistance to clinical inhibitors. As a more complete understanding of kinase networks emerges, it may be possible to define anti-targets such as KIT in the case of AML to allow improved kinase inhibitor design of clinical agents with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03445.001 Major advances in cancer therapy have improved the treatment options for many patients. However, many cancer treatments are toxic or have severe side effects, making them difficult for patients to tolerate. One cause of these side effects is that many cancer therapies kill both normal cells and cancer cells. Developing cancer therapies that are more targeted is therefore a priority in cancer research. Acute myeloid leukemia is a type of blood cancer that has proven difficult to treat without causing serious side effects. This cancer is very aggressive and only about 1 in 4 patients are successfully cured of their cancer. At present, physicians treat acute myeloid leukemia with chemotherapy, which kills both the cancer cells and some of the patient's healthy cells. Many patients with acute myeloid leukemia have mutations in the gene encoding an enzyme called Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). This mutation makes the enzyme permanently active, and patients with the mutation have a greater risk of their cancer recurring or death. Scientists have recently discovered that treatments that inhibit the FLT3 enzyme can be effective against cancer. However, the drugs investigated so far also interfere with the patient's ability to produce new blood cells, which can lead to infections or an inability to recover from bleeding. Therefore, no new drugs have yet been approved for general use. Warkentin et al. suspected the reason for the adverse effects of FLT3 inhibitors is that these drugs also inhibit another enzyme necessary for blood cell production. Previous work showed that inhibiting one or the other of the enzymes still allows blood cells to be produced as normal: it is only when both are inhibited that production problems arise. Warkentin et al. therefore looked for a chemical that inhibits only the FLT3 enzyme and found one called Star 27. Tests revealed that this inhibits FLT3 and prevents the growth and spread of cancerous cells but does not impair blood cell production. Additionally, Star 27 continues to work even when mutations arise in the cancer cells that cause resistance to other FLT3 inhibitors. The findings demonstrate that when it comes to drug development, it is sometimes as important to avoid certain molecular targets as it is to hit others. Understanding the network of enzymes that FLT3 works with could therefore help researchers to develop more effective and safer cancer treatments. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03445.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Warkentin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael S Lopez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elisabeth A Lasater
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kimberly Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Bai-Liang He
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Anskar Yh Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Catherine C Smith
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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