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Ouahed JD, Griffith A, Collen LV, Snapper SB. Breaking Down Barriers: Epithelial Contributors to Monogenic IBD Pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1189-1206. [PMID: 38280053 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Monogenic causes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are increasingly being discovered. To date, much attention has been placed in those resulting from inborn errors of immunity. Therapeutic efforts have been largely focused on offering personalized immune modulation or curative bone marrow transplant for patients with IBD and underlying immune disorders. To date, less emphasis has been placed on monogenic causes of IBD that pertain to impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of monogenic causes of IBD that result in impaired intestinal epithelial barrier that are categorized into 6 important functions: (1) epithelial cell organization, (2) epithelial cell intrinsic functions, (3) epithelial cell apoptosis and necroptosis, (4) complement activation, (5) epithelial cell signaling, and (6) control of RNA degradation products. We illustrate how impairment of any of these categories can result in IBD. This work reviews the current understanding of the genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier, the inheritance patterns that result in dysfunction, features of IBD resulting from these disorders, and pertinent translational work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie D Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Griffith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren V Collen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Yao M, Cao Y, He J, Dong R, Liu G, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhou J. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals heterogeneous features of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in newborns. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367230. [PMID: 38919617 PMCID: PMC11196393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The transitory emergence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in infants is important for the homeostasis of the immune system in early life. The composition and functional heterogeneity of MDSCs in newborns remain elusive, hampering the understanding of the importance of MDSCs in neonates. In this study, we unraveled the maturation trajectory of polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs from the peripheral blood of human newborns by performing single-cell RNA sequencing. Results indicated that neonatal PMN-MDSCs differentiated from self-renewal progenitors, antimicrobial PMN-MDSCs, and immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs to late PMN-MDSCs with reduced antimicrobial capacity. We also established a simple framework to distinguish these distinct stages by CD177 and CXCR2. Importantly, preterm newborns displayed a reduced abundance of classical PMN-MDSCs but increased late PMN-MDSCs, consistent with their higher susceptibility to infections and inflammation. Furthermore, newborn PMN-MDSCs were distinct from those from cancer patients, which displayed minimum expression of genes about antimicrobial capacity. This study indicates that the heterogeneity of PMN-MDSCs is associated with the maturity of human newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjiao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan He
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Disease and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaoyu Liu
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a spectrum of disease, which is characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Monogenic mutations driving IBD pathogenesis are more highly represented in early-onset compared to adult-onset disease. The pathogenic genes which dysregulate host immune responses in monogenic IBD affect both the innate (ie, intestinal barrier, phagocytes) and adaptive immune systems (ie, T cells, B cells). Advanced genomic and targeted functional testing can improve clinical decision making and present increased opportunities for precision medicine approaches in this important patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiye Olcay Bilgic Dagci
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Michigan, C.S Mott Children's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive Medical Professional Building Floor 2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718, USA.
| | - Kelly Colleen Cushing
- Division of Gastroenterology, U-M Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, University of Michigan, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5362, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5362, USA
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Sprenkeler EGG, Goetschalckx I, Fernández Hermira S, Tool ATJ, Hoogenboezem M, van Bruggen R, Kuijpers TW. Lack of eosinophil extracellular trap formation due to failure of plasma membrane breakdown in the absence of elastase. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5868-5876. [PMID: 37428870 PMCID: PMC10558608 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated eosinophils are described to release eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs), which consist of the cell's DNA covered with granule-derived antimicrobial peptides. Upon stimulation of eosinophils with the known EET-inducers phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, monosodium urate crystals, or Candida albicans, we observed that their plasma membrane became compromised, resulting in accessibility of the nuclear DNA for staining with the impermeable DNA dye Sytox Green. However, we did not observe any DNA decondensation or plasma membrane rupture by eosinophils, which sharply contrasts with neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and the subsequent cell death known as NETosis. Neutrophil elastase (NE) activity is thought to be essential for the cleavage of histones and chromatin decondensation during NETosis. We observed that the neutrophils of a patient with a mutation in ELANE, leading to congenital neutropenia and NE deficiency, were unable to undergo NETosis. Taken together, we may suggest that the natural absence of any NE-like proteolytic activity in human eosinophils explains why EET formation is not observed, even when eosinophils become positive for an impermeable DNA dye in response to stimuli that induce NETosis in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G. G. Sprenkeler
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ines Goetschalckx
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Fernández Hermira
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T. J. Tool
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogenboezem
- Department of Research Facilities, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Behrens LM, van Egmond M, van den Berg TK. Neutrophils as immune effector cells in antibody therapy in cancer. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:280-301. [PMID: 36331258 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies are available for a number of cancer cell types (over)expressing the corresponding tumor antigens. Such antibodies can limit tumor progression by different mechanisms, including direct growth inhibition and immune-mediated mechanisms, in particular complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC can be mediated by various types of immune cells, including neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in circulation. Neutrophils express a number of Fc receptors, including Fcγ- and Fcα-receptors, and can therefore kill tumor cells opsonized with either IgG or IgA antibodies. In recent years, important insights have been obtained with respect to the mechanism(s) by which neutrophils engage and kill antibody-opsonized cancer cells and these findings are reviewed here. In addition, we consider a number of additional ways in which neutrophils may affect cancer progression, in particular by regulating adaptive anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M. Behrens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
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6
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Ouahed JD. Understanding inborn errors of immunity: A lens into the pathophysiology of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026511. [PMID: 36248828 PMCID: PMC9556666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease-undefined (IBD-U). IBD are understood to be multifactorial, involving genetic, immune, microbial and environmental factors. Advances in next generation sequencing facilitated the growing identification of over 80 monogenic causes of IBD, many of which overlap with Inborn errors of immunity (IEI); Approximately a third of currently identified IEI result in gastrointestinal manifestations, many of which are inflammatory in nature, such as IBD. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract represents an opportune system to study IEI as it consists of the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body and employs a thin layer of intestinal epithelial cells as the critical barrier between the intestinal lumen and the host. In this mini-review, a selection of pertinent IEI resulting in monogenic IBD is described involving disorders in the intestinal epithelial barrier, phagocytosis, T and B cell defects, as well as those impairing central and peripheral tolerance. The contribution of disrupted gut-microbiota-host interactions in disturbing intestinal homeostasis among patients with intestinal disease is also discussed. The molecular mechanisms driving pathogenesis are reviewed along with the personalized therapeutic interventions and investigational avenues this growing knowledge has enabled.
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Schimke LF, Marques AHC, Baiocchi GC, de Souza Prado CA, Fonseca DLM, Freire PP, Rodrigues Plaça D, Salerno Filgueiras I, Coelho Salgado R, Jansen-Marques G, Rocha Oliveira AE, Peron JPS, Cabral-Miranda G, Barbuto JAM, Camara NOS, Calich VLG, Ochs HD, Condino-Neto A, Overmyer KA, Coon JJ, Balnis J, Jaitovich A, Schulte-Schrepping J, Ulas T, Schultze JL, Nakaya HI, Jurisica I, Cabral-Marques O. Severe COVID-19 Shares a Common Neutrophil Activation Signature with Other Acute Inflammatory States. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050847. [PMID: 35269470 PMCID: PMC8909161 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 patients present a clinical and laboratory overlap with other hyperinflammatory conditions such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). However, the underlying mechanisms of these conditions remain to be explored. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of 1596 individuals, including patients with COVID-19 in comparison to healthy controls, other acute inflammatory states (HLH, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children [MIS-C], Kawasaki disease [KD]), and different respiratory infections (seasonal coronavirus, influenza, bacterial pneumonia). We observed that COVID-19 and HLH share immunological pathways (cytokine/chemokine signaling and neutrophil-mediated immune responses), including gene signatures that stratify COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and COVID-19_nonICU patients. Of note, among the common differentially expressed genes (DEG), there is a cluster of neutrophil-associated genes that reflects a generalized hyperinflammatory state since it is also dysregulated in patients with KD and bacterial pneumonia. These genes are dysregulated at the protein level across several COVID-19 studies and form an interconnected network with differentially expressed plasma proteins that point to neutrophil hyperactivation in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. scRNAseq analysis indicated that these genes are specifically upregulated across different leukocyte populations, including lymphocyte subsets and immature neutrophils. Artificial intelligence modeling confirmed the strong association of these genes with COVID-19 severity. Thus, our work indicates putative therapeutic pathways for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
- Correspondence: (L.F.S.); (O.C.-M.); Tel.: +55-11-943661555 (L.F.S.); +55-11-974642022 (O.C.-M.)
| | - Alexandre H. C. Marques
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Gabriela Crispim Baiocchi
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Caroline Aliane de Souza Prado
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.A.d.S.P.); (D.L.M.F.); (D.R.P.); (A.E.R.O.); (H.I.N.)
| | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.A.d.S.P.); (D.L.M.F.); (D.R.P.); (A.E.R.O.); (H.I.N.)
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Desirée Rodrigues Plaça
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.A.d.S.P.); (D.L.M.F.); (D.R.P.); (A.E.R.O.); (H.I.N.)
| | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Ranieri Coelho Salgado
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Gabriel Jansen-Marques
- Information Systems, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Edson Rocha Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.A.d.S.P.); (D.L.M.F.); (D.R.P.); (A.E.R.O.); (H.I.N.)
| | - Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - José Alexandre Marzagão Barbuto
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis, Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Vera Lúcia Garcia Calich
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Hans D. Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA;
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Katherine A. Overmyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; (K.A.O.); (J.J.C.)
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; (K.A.O.); (J.J.C.)
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53506, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53506, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (J.B.); (A.J.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (J.B.); (A.J.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (J.S.-S.); (J.L.S.)
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (J.S.-S.); (J.L.S.)
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.A.d.S.P.); (D.L.M.F.); (D.R.P.); (A.E.R.O.); (H.I.N.)
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-020, Brazil
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada;
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Imunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.H.C.M.); (G.C.B.); (P.P.F.); (I.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (J.P.S.P.); (G.C.-M.); (J.A.M.B.); (N.O.S.C.); (V.L.G.C.); (A.C.-N.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.A.d.S.P.); (D.L.M.F.); (D.R.P.); (A.E.R.O.); (H.I.N.)
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.F.S.); (O.C.-M.); Tel.: +55-11-943661555 (L.F.S.); +55-11-974642022 (O.C.-M.)
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8
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Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps requires actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Blood 2022; 139:3166-3180. [PMID: 35030250 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important effector cells in the host defense against invading micro-organisms. One of the mechanisms they employ to eliminate pathogens is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although NET release and subsequent cell death known as NETosis have been intensively studied, the cellular components and factors determining or facilitating the formation of NETs remain incompletely understood. Using various actin polymerization and myosin II modulators on neutrophils from healthy individuals, we show that intact F-actin dynamics and myosin II function are essential for NET formation when induced by different stimuli, i.e. phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, monosodium urate crystals and Candida albicans. The role of actin polymerization in NET formation could not be explained by the lack of reactive oxygen species production or granule release, which were normal or enhanced under the given conditions. Neutrophils from patients with very rare inherited actin polymerization defects by either ARPC1B- or MKL1-deficiency also failed to show NETosis. We found that upon inhibition of actin dynamics there is a lack of translocation of NE to the nucleus, which may well explain the impaired NET formation. Collectively, our data illustrate the essential requirement of an intact and active actin polymerization process, as well as active myosin II to enable the release of nuclear DNA by neutrophils during NET formation.
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9
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S100A8/A9 Is a Marker for the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Induces Neutrophil Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020236. [PMID: 35053354 PMCID: PMC8773660 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells in the circulation and they are the first cells recruited to sites of infection or inflammation. Almost half of the intracellular protein content in neutrophils consists of S100A8 and S100A9, though there has been controversy about their actual localization. Once released extracellularly, these proteins are thought to act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), though their mechanism of action is not well understood. These S100 proteins mainly form heterodimers (S100A8/A9, also known as calprotectin) and this heterocomplex is recognized as a useful biomarker for several inflammatory diseases. We observed that S100A8/A9 is highly present in the cytoplasmic fraction of neutrophils and is not part of the granule content. Furthermore, we found that S100A8/A9 was not released in parallel with granular content but upon the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Accordingly, neutrophils of patients with chronic granulomatous disease, who are deficient in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced NETosis, did not release S100A8/A9 upon PMA stimulation. Moreover, we purified S100A8/A9 from the cytoplasmic fraction of neutrophils and found that S100A8/A9 could induce neutrophil activation, including adhesion and CD11b upregulation, indicating that this DAMP might amplify neutrophil activation.
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Oh S, Niwa A, Nagahashi A, Asaka I, Nakahata T, Saito MK. iPS cells from Chediak-Higashi syndrome patients recapitulate the giant granules in myeloid cells. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15390. [PMID: 36259166 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a congenital disease characterized by immunodeficiency, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, oculocutaneous albinism, and neurological symptoms. The presence of giant granules in peripheral blood leukocytes is an important hallmark of CHS. Here we prepared induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CHS patients (CHS-iPSCs) and differentiated them into hematopoietic cells to model the disease phenotypes. METHODS Fibroblasts were obtained from two CHS patients and then reprogrammed into iPSCs. The iPSCs were differentiated into myeloid cells; the size of the cytosolic granules was quantified by May-Grunwald Giemsa staining and myeloperoxidase staining. RESULTS Two clones of iPSCs were established from each patient. The differentiation efficiency to CD33+ CD45+ myeloid cells was not significantly different in CHS-iPSCs compared with control iPSCs, but significantly larger granules were observed. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded in reproducing a characteristic cellular phenotype, giant granules in myeloid cells, using CHS-iPSCs, demonstrating that iPSCs can be used to model the pathogenesis of CHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Oh
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagahashi
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Asaka
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Schim van der Loeff I, Sprenkeler EGG, Tool ATJ, Abinun M, Grainger A, Engelhardt KR, van Houdt M, Janssen H, Kuijpers TW, Hambleton S. Defective neutrophil development and specific granule deficiency caused by a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2381-2385.e2. [PMID: 33279574 PMCID: PMC8168953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) has recently been shown to have a critical role in granulopoiesis in humans, mice, and zebrafish. Our patient presented with delayed cord separation, failure to thrive, and sepsis. Retrospective whole-exome sequencing confirmed a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2. OBJECTIVE We sought to provide the second description of human SMARCD2 deficiency and the first functional analysis of human primary SMARCD2-deficient cells. METHODS Heparinized venous blood and bone marrow were collected from the patient after obtaining informed consent. Patient leukocytes and CD34+ cells were then isolated, phenotyped, and assessed functionally. RESULTS Circulating neutrophils appeared phenotypically immature, lacking multilobed nuclei, and neutrophil granules lacked lactoferrin but showed normal levels of myeloperoxidase. Neutrophil oxidative burst was preserved in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Patient bone marrow-derived neutrophils and white blood cells showed a severely impaired chemotactic response. Furthermore, white blood cells showed defective in vitro killing of Staphylococcus aureus, consistent with a specific granule deficiency. Finally, patient bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells showed markedly impaired in vitro expansion and differentiation toward the neutrophil lineage. Before her molecular diagnosis, our patient underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is well 8 years later. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights an important role for SMARCD2 in human myelopoiesis and the curative effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the hematopoietic features of SMARCD2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schim van der Loeff
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Abinun
- Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Grainger
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karin R Engelhardt
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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12
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Neutrophil specific granule and NETosis defects in gray platelet syndrome. Blood Adv 2021; 5:549-564. [PMID: 33496751 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by a lack of α-granules in platelets and progressive myelofibrosis. Rare loss-of-function variants in neurobeachin-like 2 (NBEAL2), a member of the family of beige and Chédiak-Higashi (BEACH) genes, are causal of GPS. It is suggested that BEACH domain containing proteins are involved in fusion, fission, and trafficking of vesicles and granules. Studies in knockout mice suggest that NBEAL2 may control the formation and retention of granules in neutrophils. We found that neutrophils obtained from the peripheral blood from 13 patients with GPS have a normal distribution of azurophilic granules but show a deficiency of specific granules (SGs), as confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy and mass spectrometry proteomics analyses. CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from patients with GPS differentiated into mature neutrophils also lacked NBEAL2 expression but showed similar SG protein expression as control cells. This is indicative of normal granulopoiesis in GPS and identifies NBEAL2 as a potentially important regulator of granule release. Patient neutrophil functions, including production of reactive oxygen species, chemotaxis, and killing of bacteria and fungi, were intact. NETosis was absent in circulating GPS neutrophils. Lack of NETosis is suggested to be independent of NBEAL2 expression but associated with SG defects instead, as indicated by comparison with HSC-derived neutrophils. Since patients with GPS do not excessively suffer from infections, the consequence of the reduced SG content and lack of NETosis for innate immunity remains to be explored.
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13
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Ding J, Hostallero DE, El Khili MR, Fonseca GJ, Milette S, Noorah N, Guay-Belzile M, Spicer J, Daneshtalab N, Sirois M, Tremblay K, Emad A, Rousseau S. A network-informed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis genes' interactions points to Neutrophil extracellular traps as mediators of thrombosis in COVID-19. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008810. [PMID: 33684134 PMCID: PMC7971900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal coagulation and an increased risk of thrombosis are features of severe COVID-19, with parallels proposed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a life-threating condition associated with hyperinflammation. The presence of HLH was described in severely ill patients during the H1N1 influenza epidemic, presenting with pulmonary vascular thrombosis. We tested the hypothesis that genes causing primary HLH regulate pathways linking pulmonary thromboembolism to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using novel network-informed computational algorithms. This approach led to the identification of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps (NETs) as plausible mediators of vascular thrombosis in severe COVID-19 in children and adults. Taken together, the network-informed analysis led us to propose the following model: the release of NETs in response to inflammatory signals acting in concert with SARS-CoV-2 damage the endothelium and direct platelet-activation promoting abnormal coagulation leading to serious complications of COVID-19. The underlying hypothesis is that genetic and/or environmental conditions that favor the release of NETs may predispose individuals to thrombotic complications of COVID-19 due to an increase risk of abnormal coagulation. This would be a common pathogenic mechanism in conditions including autoimmune/infectious diseases, hematologic and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Heath Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Earl Hostallero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Reda El Khili
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gregory Joseph Fonseca
- The Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Heath Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Simon Milette
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nuzha Noorah
- The Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Heath Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Myriam Guay-Belzile
- The Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Heath Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Spicer
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Noriko Daneshtalab
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Martin Sirois
- Montreal Heart Institute and Department of pharmacology and physiology, Faculty of medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Karine Tremblay
- Pharmacology-physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Chicoutimi University Hospital) Research Center, Saguenay, Canada
| | - Amin Emad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- The Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Heath Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
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Thadchanamoorthy V, Jayatunga MTR, Dayasiri K, Jasinge E, Jinnah MLM, Pereira C, Skrahina V, Thirukumar M. Exome sequencing detected an extremely rare case of foetal onset familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 presenting with hydrops foetalis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:50. [PMID: 33593331 PMCID: PMC7885387 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive hyper-inflammatory syndrome which needs early accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent complications and early mortality. Recently, it was reported that mutations in STXBP2 gene are linked to FHL type 5 (FHL-5). Case Presentation We report a Sri Lankan neonate who presented with low Apgar scores at birth, abdominal distension, and hepatosplenomegaly, followed by lethargy, poor sucking and rapid decompensation with wide spread activation of inflammation within 48 h of birth. Her elder sibling also had a similar presentation during early neonatal period and deceased at two weeks of age with no diagnosis. Unfortunately, the index case deceased at 14 days of age following multi-organ dysfunction and severe metabolic acidosis. Targeted gene panel followed by reflex exome sequencing revealed a novel likely pathogenic homozygous variant in the STXBP2 gene (NM_001272034.1:c.1141-2A > G) which confirmed the diagnosis of autosomal recessive FHL-5. Conclusion Early diagnosis of FHL type 5 using genetic analysis and timely treatment are difficult in the absence of family history due to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. However both early diagnosis and treatment doesn’t alter the long term prognosis. So genetic counselling would be the better option.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thadchanamoorthy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Chenkaladi, Sri Lanka
| | - M T R Jayatunga
- Department of Neonatology, Teaching Hospital, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | | | - E Jasinge
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - M L M Jinnah
- Department of Neonatology, Teaching Hospital, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Markandu Thirukumar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Chenkaladi, Sri Lanka
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15
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MKL1 deficiency results in a severe neutrophil motility defect due to impaired actin polymerization. Blood 2021; 135:2171-2181. [PMID: 32128589 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) promotes the regulation of essential cell processes, including actin cytoskeletal dynamics, by coactivating serum response factor. Recently, the first human with MKL1 deficiency, leading to a novel primary immunodeficiency, was identified. We report a second family with 2 siblings with a homozygous frameshift mutation in MKL1. The index case died as an infant from progressive and severe pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and poor wound healing. The younger sibling was preemptively transplanted shortly after birth. The immunodeficiency was marked by a pronounced actin polymerization defect and a strongly reduced motility and chemotactic response by MKL1-deficient neutrophils. In addition to the lack of MKL1, subsequent proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of patient neutrophils revealed actin and several actin-related proteins to be downregulated, confirming a role for MKL1 as a transcriptional coregulator. Degranulation was enhanced upon suboptimal neutrophil activation, whereas production of reactive oxygen species was normal. Neutrophil adhesion was intact but without proper spreading. The latter could explain the observed failure in firm adherence and transendothelial migration under flow conditions. No apparent defect in phagocytosis or bacterial killing was found. Also, monocyte-derived macrophages showed intact phagocytosis, and lymphocyte counts and proliferative capacity were normal. Nonhematopoietic primary fibroblasts demonstrated defective differentiation into myofibroblasts but normal migration and F-actin content, most likely as a result of compensatory mechanisms of MKL2, which is not expressed in neutrophils. Our findings extend current insight into the severe immune dysfunction in MKL1 deficiency, with cytoskeletal dysfunction and defective extravasation of neutrophils as the most prominent features.
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16
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Activated neutrophils exert myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity damaging T cells beyond repair. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3562-3574. [PMID: 31738831 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019031609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have the capacity to suppress T-cell-mediated immune responses and impact the clinical outcome of cancer, infections, and transplantation settings. Although MDSCs were initially described as bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells (either monocytic or granulocytic MDSCs), mature neutrophils have been shown to exert MDSC activity toward T cells in ways that remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that human neutrophils from both healthy donors and cancer patients do not exert MDSC activity unless they are activated. By using neutrophils with genetically well-defined defects, we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and granule-derived constituents are required for MDSC activity after direct CD11b-dependent interactions between neutrophils and T cells. In addition to these cellular interactions, neutrophils are engaged in the uptake of pieces of T-cell membrane, a process called trogocytosis. Together, these interactions led to changes in T-cell morphology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and adenosine triphosphate depletion, as indicated by electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and metabolic parameters. Our studies characterize the different steps by which activated mature neutrophils induce functional T-cell nonresponsiveness and irreparable cell damage.
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17
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Furumaya C, Martinez-Sanz P, Bouti P, Kuijpers TW, Matlung HL. Plasticity in Pro- and Anti-tumor Activity of Neutrophils: Shifting the Balance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2100. [PMID: 32983165 PMCID: PMC7492657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, cancer immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell transfer have been a game changer in many aspects and have improved the treatment for various malignancies considerably. Despite the clinical success of harnessing the adaptive immunity to combat the tumor, the benefits of immunotherapy are still limited to a subset of patients and cancer types. In recent years, neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, have emerged as promising targets for anti-cancer therapies. Traditionally regarded as the first line of defense against infections, neutrophils are increasingly recognized as critical players during cancer progression. Evidence shows the functional plasticity of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment, allowing neutrophils to exert either pro-tumor or anti-tumor effects. This review describes the tumor-promoting roles of neutrophils, focusing on their myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity, as well as their role in tumor elimination, exerted mainly via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We will discuss potential approaches to therapeutically target neutrophils in cancer. These include strategies in humans to either silence the pro-tumor activity of neutrophils, or to activate or enhance their anti-tumor functions. Redirecting neutrophils seems a promising approach to harness innate immunity to improve treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charita Furumaya
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paula Martinez-Sanz
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Bouti
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Shah S, Martin A, Turner M, Cong Z, Zaman F, Stein A. A systematic review of outcomes after stem cell transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with or without measurable residual disease. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1052-1062. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1709834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber Martin
- EVIDERA, Evidence, Synthesis, Modeling, and Communications, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Monica Turner
- EVIDERA, Evidence, Synthesis, Modeling, and Communications, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ze Cong
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Anthony Stein
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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19
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Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a life-threatening condition associated with hyperinflammation and multiple organ dysfunction. It has many causes, symptoms, and outcomes. Early recognition is critical for treatment. Fever, cytopenias, coagulopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly are hallmark findings. Identifying the trigger event is crucial but challenging because of the varied presentations and infrequent provider experience. Diagnostic features include anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, elevated ferritin, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, hemophagocytosis (in bone marrow, spleen, or lymph nodes), low or absent natural killer cells, and elevated soluble interleukin 2 receptor assay. Primary treatment goals are eliminating the underlying trigger and suppressing hyperinflammation with steroids, immunoglobulins, or immunomodulators. Specific treatment includes corticosteroids, etoposide, and antithymocyte globulin followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory or relapsing disease. Prompt immunochemical therapy is essential but often complicated by a high risk of treatment-related morbidity and disease recurrence. Despite these challenges, improvements in diagnostic technology and treatment have enhanced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Skinner
- Janice Skinner is Adult Nurse Practitioner, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, 300 Mason Lord Dr, Baltimore MD 21224 . Benedicta Yankey is Nurse Clinician, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Brenda K. Shelton is Clinical Nurse Specialist, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benedicta Yankey
- Janice Skinner is Adult Nurse Practitioner, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, 300 Mason Lord Dr, Baltimore MD 21224 . Benedicta Yankey is Nurse Clinician, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Brenda K. Shelton is Clinical Nurse Specialist, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brenda K Shelton
- Janice Skinner is Adult Nurse Practitioner, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, 300 Mason Lord Dr, Baltimore MD 21224 . Benedicta Yankey is Nurse Clinician, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Brenda K. Shelton is Clinical Nurse Specialist, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Viñas-Giménez L, Donadeu L, Alsina L, Rincón R, de la Campa EÁ, Esteve-Sole A, Català A, Colobran R, de la Cruz X, Sayós J, Martínez-Gallo M. Molecular analysis of the novel L243R mutation in STXBP2 reveals impairment of degranulation activity. Int J Hematol 2019; 111:440-450. [PMID: 31865540 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of mutations in PRF1, UNC13D, STX11 and STXBP2 genes in homozygosis or compound heterozygosis results in immune deregulation. Most such cases lead to clinical manifestations of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). In the present study, we analyzed degranulation and cytotoxicity in a pediatric patient with a late presentation of HLH associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Remarkably, the results of the degranulation assay showed reduction of CD107a median fluorescence intensity (MFI) and absent cytotoxicity. Genetic analysis identified compound heterozygous mutations in STXBP2 gene: a previously reported splicing defect in exon 15 (c.1247-1G>C, p.V417LfsX126) and a novel missense mutation in exon 9 (c.728T>G, p.L243R). Transfection experiments of STXBP2-L243R or STXBP2-WT constructs showed an undetectable protein expression of the STXBP2-L243R mutation. The residue L243 is highly preserved evolutionarily; moreover, computational analysis of its structure revealed its participation in the rich network of interactions that stabilizes domains 2 and 3 of the protein. Altogether, we demonstrated by molecular and in silico analysis that the new L243R mutation in STXBP2 plays a pathogenic role that, together with the p.Val417Leufsc mutation, shows the synergistic negative effect of these two mutations on STXBP2 function, leading to a decrease of degranulatory activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Viñas-Giménez
- Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Jeffrey Model Foundation Excellence Center, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Donadeu
- Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rincón
- Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Álvarez de la Campa
- Research Unit in Translational Bioinformatics in Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Esteve-Sole
- Functional Unit of Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Català
- Hematology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Colobran
- Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Jeffrey Model Foundation Excellence Center, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Genetics Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier de la Cruz
- Research Unit in Translational Bioinformatics in Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Catala per la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sayós
- Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Vall hebron (VHIR), Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy Group, Edifici Mediterrania, Lab 09, Planta baixa, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mónica Martínez-Gallo
- Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Jeffrey Model Foundation Excellence Center, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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21
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Matlung HL, Babes L, Zhao XW, van Houdt M, Treffers LW, van Rees DJ, Franke K, Schornagel K, Verkuijlen P, Janssen H, Halonen P, Lieftink C, Beijersbergen RL, Leusen JHW, Boelens JJ, Kuhnle I, van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Seeger K, Rutella S, Pagliara D, Matozaki T, Suzuki E, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, van Bruggen R, Roos D, van Lier RAW, Kuijpers TW, Kubes P, van den Berg TK. Neutrophils Kill Antibody-Opsonized Cancer Cells by Trogoptosis. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3946-3959.e6. [PMID: 29949776 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Destruction of cancer cells by therapeutic antibodies occurs, at least in part, through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and this can be mediated by various Fc-receptor-expressing immune cells, including neutrophils. However, the mechanism(s) by which neutrophils kill antibody-opsonized cancer cells has not been established. Here, we demonstrate that neutrophils can exert a mode of destruction of cancer cells, which involves antibody-mediated trogocytosis by neutrophils. Intimately associated with this is an active mechanical disruption of the cancer cell plasma membrane, leading to a lytic (i.e., necrotic) type of cancer cell death. Furthermore, this mode of destruction of antibody-opsonized cancer cells by neutrophils is potentiated by CD47-SIRPα checkpoint blockade. Collectively, these findings show that neutrophil ADCC toward cancer cells occurs by a mechanism of cytotoxicity called trogoptosis, which can be further improved by targeting CD47-SIRPα interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liane Babes
- Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi Wen Zhao
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louise W Treffers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dieke J van Rees
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katka Franke
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Schornagel
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Verkuijlen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division of Cell Biology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pasi Halonen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and the NKI Robotics and Screening Center, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and the NKI Robotics and Screening Center, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and the NKI Robotics and Screening Center, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Boelens
- U-DANCE, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Kuhnle
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Karl Seeger
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner-Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Rutella
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daria Pagliara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Takashi Matozaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Robin van Bruggen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Roos
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rene A W van Lier
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Treffers LW, Ten Broeke T, Rösner T, Jansen JHM, van Houdt M, Kahle S, Schornagel K, Verkuijlen PJJH, Prins JM, Franke K, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg TK, Valerius T, Leusen JHW, Matlung HL. IgA-Mediated Killing of Tumor Cells by Neutrophils Is Enhanced by CD47-SIRPα Checkpoint Inhibition. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 8:120-130. [PMID: 31690649 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb), directed toward either tumor antigens or inhibitory checkpoints on immune cells, are effective in cancer therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that the therapeutic efficacy of these tumor antigen-targeting mAbs is mediated-at least partially-by myeloid effector cells, which are controlled by the innate immune-checkpoint interaction between CD47 and SIRPα. We and others have previously demonstrated that inhibiting CD47-SIRPα interactions can substantially potentiate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and cytotoxicity of tumor cells by IgG antibodies both in vivo and in vitro IgA antibodies are superior in killing cancer cells by neutrophils compared with IgG antibodies with the same variable regions, but the impact of CD47-SIRPα on IgA-mediated killing has not been investigated. Here, we show that checkpoint inhibition of CD47-SIRPα interactions further enhances destruction of IgA antibody-opsonized cancer cells by human neutrophils. This was shown for multiple tumor types and IgA antibodies against different antigens, i.e., HER2/neu and EGFR. Consequently, combining IgA antibodies against HER2/neu or EGFR with SIRPα inhibition proved to be effective in eradicating cancer cells in vivo In a syngeneic in vivo model, the eradication of cancer cells was predominantly mediated by granulocytes, which were actively recruited to the tumor site by SIRPα blockade. We conclude that IgA-mediated tumor cell destruction can be further enhanced by CD47-SIRPα checkpoint inhibition. These findings provide a basis for targeting CD47-SIRPα interactions in combination with IgA therapeutic antibodies to improve their potential clinical efficacy in tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise W Treffers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toine Ten Broeke
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steffen Kahle
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schornagel
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J J H Verkuijlen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katka Franke
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Tang X, Guo X, Li Q, Huang Z. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 in a Chinese Tibetan patient caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation in STXBP2. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17674. [PMID: 31651895 PMCID: PMC6824734 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a fatal autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disease whose rapid and accurate diagnosis is paramount for appropriate treatment. Mutations in STXBP2 gene have been associated with FHL type 5 (FHL-5). Here, we report the first Tibetan Chinese patient diagnosed with FHL-5 caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation in STXBP2. PATIENT CONCERNS A 9-year-old girl who presented with recurrent fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, and conspicuous bone marrow hemophagocytosis was diagnosed with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). DIAGNOSIS FHL mutation analysis of the patient and her parents revealed that she presented compound heterozygosity for STXBP2: a novel missense mutation c.663G > C (p.Glu221Asp) and the known pathogenic splice-site mutation c.1247-1G > C (p.Val417LeufsX126). Bioinformatics analyses predicted that the new mutation was pathogenic and the FHL-5 diagnosis was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS Upon diagnosis, HLH-2004-directed chemotherapy was instituted, but there was a relapse. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed. OUTCOMES After transplantation, the patient presented implantation dysfunction, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and 5 episodes of pancreatitis. A follow-up after 5 years revealed that the patient had died of pancreatitis. LESSONS This finding expands the spectrum of FHL-5-related mutations in Chinese patients and indicates a clear genotype-phenotype correlation of FHL-5 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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24
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Specific sequences of infectious challenge lead to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like disease in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2200-2209. [PMID: 30674681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820704116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a highly mortal complication associated with sepsis. In adults, it is often seen in the setting of infections, especially viral infections, but the mechanisms that underlie pathogenesis are unknown. sHLH is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state and the presence hemophagocytosis. We found that sequential challenging of mice with a nonlethal dose of viral toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist followed by a nonlethal dose of TLR4 agonist, but not other permutations, produced a highly lethal state that recapitulates many aspects of human HLH. We found that this hyperinflammatory response could be recapitulated in vitro in bone marrow-derived macrophages. RNA sequencing analyses revealed dramatic up-regulation of the red-pulp macrophage lineage-defining transcription factor SpiC and its associated transcriptional program, which was also present in bone marrow macrophages sorted from patients with sHLH. Transcriptional profiling also revealed a unique metabolic transcriptional profile in these macrophages, and immunometabolic phenotyping revealed impaired mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism and a reliance on glycolytic metabolism. Subsequently, we show that therapeutic administration of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose was sufficient to rescue animals from HLH. Together, these data identify a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of sHLH and a potentially useful therapeutic strategy for its treatment.
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25
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van de Geer A, Nieto-Patlán A, Kuhns DB, Tool AT, Arias AA, Bouaziz M, de Boer M, Franco JL, Gazendam RP, van Hamme JL, van Houdt M, van Leeuwen K, Verkuijlen PJ, van den Berg TK, Alzate JF, Arango-Franco CA, Batura V, Bernasconi AR, Boardman B, Booth C, Burns SO, Cabarcas F, Bensussan NC, Charbit-Henrion F, Corveleyn A, Deswarte C, Azcoiti ME, Foell D, Gallin JI, Garcés C, Guedes M, Hinze CH, Holland SM, Hughes SM, Ibañez P, Malech HL, Meyts I, Moncada-Velez M, Moriya K, Neves E, Oleastro M, Perez L, Rattina V, Oleaga-Quintas C, Warner N, Muise AM, López JS, Trindade E, Vasconcelos J, Vermeire S, Wittkowski H, Worth A, Abel L, Dinauer MC, Arkwright PD, Roos D, Casanova JL, Kuijpers TW, Bustamante J. Inherited p40phox deficiency differs from classic chronic granulomatous disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3957-3975. [PMID: 29969437 PMCID: PMC6118590 DOI: 10.1172/jci97116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function (LOF) mutations of the NCF4 gene, encoding the p40phox subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, have been described in only 1 patient. We report on 24 p40phox-deficient patients from 12 additional families in 8 countries. These patients display 8 different in-frame or out-of-frame mutations of NCF4 that are homozygous in 11 of the families and compound heterozygous in another. When overexpressed in NB4 neutrophil-like cells and EBV-transformed B cells in vitro, the mutant alleles were found to be LOF, with the exception of the p.R58C and c.120_134del alleles, which were hypomorphic. Particle-induced NADPH oxidase activity was severely impaired in the patients' neutrophils, whereas PMA-induced dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 (DHR) oxidation, which is widely used as a diagnostic test for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), was normal or mildly impaired in the patients. Moreover, the NADPH oxidase activity of EBV-transformed B cells was also severely impaired, whereas that of mononuclear phagocytes was normal. Finally, the killing of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by neutrophils was conserved in these patients, unlike in patients with CGD. The patients suffer from hyperinflammation and peripheral infections, but they do not have any of the invasive bacterial or fungal infections seen in CGD. Inherited p40phox deficiency underlies a distinctive condition, resembling a mild, atypical form of CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie van de Geer
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Nieto-Patlán
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Science, National Polytechnic Institute, ENCB - IPN, Mexico
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Clinical Services Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Anton Tj Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrés A Arias
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, and.,School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Matthieu Bouaziz
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Martin de Boer
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - José Luis Franco
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Roel P Gazendam
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin van Leeuwen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Jh Verkuijlen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan F Alzate
- National Center for Genomic Sequencing - CNSG-SIU, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Arango-Franco
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, and.,School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Vritika Batura
- Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea R Bernasconi
- Service of Immunology and Rheumatology, Garrahan National Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Barbara Boardman
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Booth
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe Cabarcas
- National Center for Genomic Sequencing - CNSG-SIU, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,SISTEMIC Group, Electronic Engineering Department, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Nadine Cerf Bensussan
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,GENIUS group (GENetically ImmUne-mediated enteropathieS) of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN).,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,GENIUS group (GENetically ImmUne-mediated enteropathieS) of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN).,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Anniek Corveleyn
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - María Esnaola Azcoiti
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Department of Immunology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Munster University Hospital, Munster, Germany
| | - John I Gallin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos Garcés
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Margarida Guedes
- Department of Pediatrics, Santo Antonio Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claas H Hinze
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Munster University Hospital, Munster, Germany
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M Hughes
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patricio Ibañez
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Gastroenterology Department, Clinic Las Condes Medical Center, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcela Moncada-Velez
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Kunihiko Moriya
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Esmeralda Neves
- Department of Immunology, Santo Antonio Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Matias Oleastro
- Service of Immunology and Rheumatology, Garrahan National Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Perez
- Service of Immunology and Rheumatology, Garrahan National Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vimel Rattina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Oleaga-Quintas
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Neil Warner
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, and
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, and.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeanet Serafín López
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Science, National Polytechnic Institute, ENCB - IPN, Mexico
| | - Eunice Trindade
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Sao Joao Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Séverine Vermeire
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Munster University Hospital, Munster, Germany
| | - Austen Worth
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary C Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter D Arkwright
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Roos
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
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26
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Souwer Y, Groot Kormelink T, Taanman-Kueter EW, Muller FJ, van Capel TMM, Varga DV, Bar-Ephraim YE, Teunissen MBM, van Ham SM, Kuijpers TW, Wouters D, Meyaard L, de Jong EC. Human T H17 cell development requires processing of dendritic cell-derived CXCL8 by neutrophil elastase. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2286-2289.e5. [PMID: 29391256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Souwer
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Groot Kormelink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther W Taanman-Kueter
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke J Muller
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toni M M van Capel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Domonkos V Varga
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yotam E Bar-Ephraim
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel B M Teunissen
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Blood Supply and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Wouters
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gazendam RP, van de Geer A, Roos D, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW. How neutrophils kill fungi. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:299-311. [PMID: 27558342 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the prevention of invasive fungal infections. Whereas mouse studies have demonstrated the role of various neutrophil pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), signal transduction pathways, and cytotoxicity in the murine antifungal immune response, much less is known about the killing of fungi by human neutrophils. Recently, novel primary immunodeficiencies have been identified in patients with a susceptibility to fungal infections. These human 'knock-out' neutrophils expand our knowledge to understand the role of PRRs and signaling in human fungal killing. From the studies with these patients it is becoming clear that neutrophils employ fundamentally distinct mechanisms to kill Candida albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel P Gazendam
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie van de Geer
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Roos
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells target infected or transformed cells with perforin-containing cytotoxic granules through immune synapses, while platelets secrete several types of granules which contents are essential for thrombosis and hemostasis. Recent work has culminated in the notion that an exocytic SNARE complex, based on a very similar set of components, is primarily responsible for exocytosis of the diverse granules in these different cell types. Granule exocytosis is, in particular, uniquely dependent on the atypical Q-SNARE syntaxin 11, its interacting partners of the Sec/Munc (SM) family, and is regulated by Rab27a. Mutations in these exocytic components underlie disease manifestations of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) subtypes, characterized by hyperactivation of the immune system, as well as platelet granule secretion defects. Here we discuss the key discoveries that led to the converging notion of the syntaxin 11-based exocytosis machinery for cytotoxic granules and platelet-derived granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- a Department of Biochemistry , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and.,b NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Gazendam RP, van de Geer A, van Hamme JL, Tool ATJ, van Rees DJ, Aarts CEM, van den Biggelaar M, van Alphen F, Verkuijlen P, Meijer AB, Janssen H, Roos D, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW. Impaired killing of Candida albicans by granulocytes mobilized for transfusion purposes: a role for granule components. Haematologica 2016; 101:587-96. [PMID: 26802050 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.136630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte transfusions are used to treat neutropenic patients with life-threatening bacterial or fungal infections that do not respond to anti-microbial drugs. Donor neutrophils that have been mobilized with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and dexamethasone are functional in terms of antibacterial activity, but less is known about their fungal killing capacity. We investigated the neutrophil-mediated cytotoxic response against C. albicans and A. fumigatus in detail. Whereas G-CSF/dexamethasone-mobilized neutrophils appeared less mature as compared to neutrophils from untreated controls, these cells exhibited normal ROS production by the NADPH oxidase system and an unaltered granule mobilization capacity upon stimulation. G-CSF/dexamethasone-mobilized neutrophils efficiently inhibited A. fumigatus germination and killed Aspergillus and Candida hyphae, but the killing of C. albicans yeasts was distinctly impaired. Following normal Candida phagocytosis, analysis by mass spectrometry of purified phagosomes after fusion with granules demonstrated that major constituents of the antimicrobial granule components, including major basic protein (MBP), were reduced. Purified MBP showed candidacidal activity, and neutrophil-like Crisp-Cas9 NB4-KO-MBP differentiated into phagocytes were impaired in Candida killing. Together, these findings indicate that G-CSF/dexamethasone-mobilized neutrophils for transfusion purposes have a selectively impaired capacity to kill Candida yeasts, as a consequence of an altered neutrophil granular content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel P Gazendam
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie van de Geer
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieke J van Rees
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijn E M Aarts
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje van den Biggelaar
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris van Alphen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Verkuijlen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B Meijer
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- The Netherlands Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Roos
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Intrinsic defects in erythroid cells from familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 patients identify a role for STXBP2/Munc18-2 in erythropoiesis and phospholipid scrambling. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:1072-1076.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Seo JJ. Hematopoietic cell transplantation for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: recent advances and controversies. Blood Res 2015; 50:131-9. [PMID: 26457279 PMCID: PMC4595578 DOI: 10.5045/br.2015.50.3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory clinical syndrome of uncontrolled immune response which results in hypercytokinemia due to underlying primary or secondary immune defect. A number of genetic defects in transport, processing and function of cytotoxic granules which result in defective granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells have been well identified at the cellular and molecular level. Important advances have been made during the last 20 years in the diagnosis and treatment of HLH. The Histiocyte Society has proposed diagnostic guideline using both clinical and laboratory findings in HLH-2004 protocol, and this has been modified partly in 2009. HLH used to be a fatal disease, but the survival of HLH patients has improved to more than 60% with the use of chemoimmunotherapy combined with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) over the past 2 decades. However, HCT is still the only curative option of treatment for primary HLH and refractory/relapsed HLH after proper chemoimmunotherapy. The outcome of HCT for HLH patients was also improved steadily during last decades, but HCT for HLH still carries significant mortality and morbidity. Moreover, there remain ongoing controversies in various aspects of HCT including indication of HCT, donor selection, timing of HCT, conditioning regimen, and mixed chimerism after HCT. This review summarized the important practical issues which were proven by previous studies on HCT for HLH, and tried to delineate the controversies among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Jin Seo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Szilagyi K, Gazendam RP, van Hamme JL, Tool ATJ, van Houdt M, Vos WAJW, Verkuijlen P, Janssen H, Belot A, Juillard L, Förster-Waldl E, Boztug K, Kraal G, de Winther MPJ, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg TK. Impaired microbial killing by neutrophils from patients with protein kinase C delta deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1404-7.e1-10. [PMID: 26233929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katka Szilagyi
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel P Gazendam
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm A J W Vos
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Verkuijlen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Juillard
- CarMen U1060 Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Service de Néphrologie, H. E. Herriot Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Förster-Waldl
- Divison of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Divison of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Kraal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang L, Zhou J, Sokol L. Hereditary and acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Cancer Control 2015; 21:301-12. [PMID: 25310211 DOI: 10.1177/107327481402100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but life-threatening hyperinflammatory/hypercytokinemia syndrome clinicopathologically manifested by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, liver dysfunction, and hemophagocytosis. METHODS We searched the medical literature for English-written articles and analyzed data regarding the diagnosis, pathoetiology, prognosis, and management of HLH. RESULTS HLH can be subcategorized into primary/genetic (PHLH) or secondary/acquired (SHLH) according to etiology. PHLH, including familial HLH and inherited immune deficiency syndromes, typically occurs in children harboring underlying genetic defects, whereas SHLH frequently manifests in adults and is associated with infection, autoimmunity, immune suppression, or malignancy. The pathogenesis of HLH is still elusive. Its known mechanisms include somatic mutations in gene coding for proteins implicated in the cytotoxic pathways of cytotoxic T or natural killer cells. The impaired ability of these cells to kill target cells leads to an uncontrolled hypercytokinemia and hyperinflammatory process, triggering hemophagocytosis and multiorgan failure. Corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are the mainstay therapeutic strategies. The consolidation with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative option for PHLH and refractory or relapsed SHLH. CONCLUSIONS Understanding of the pathophysiology of HLH has improved in the last decade. The establishment of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for PHLH and SHLH has resulted in earlier diagnoses and the rapid initiation of therapy, both of which are associated with favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF), including primary, post-essential thrombocythemia and post-polycythemia vera MF, associates with a reduced quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Dysregulation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is prominent, even in the absence of the JAK2(V617F) mutation. Therefore, all symptomatic MF patients may potentially derive benefit from JAK inhibitors. Despite the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in controlling signs and symptoms of MF, they do not eradicate the disease. Therefore, JAK inhibitors are currently being tested in combination with other novel therapies, a strategy which may be more effective in reducing disease burden, either by overcoming JAK inhibitor resistance or targeting additional mechanisms of pathogenesis. Additional targets include modulators of epigenetic regulation, pathways that work downstream from JAK/STAT (i.e. mammalian target of rapamycin/AKT/phosphoinositide 3-kinase) heat shock protein 90, hedgehog signaling, pro-fibrotic factors, abnormal megakaryocytes and telomerase. In this review, we discuss novel MF therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady L Stein
- a Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
- b Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Francisco Cervantes
- c Hospital Clínic, Hematology Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica August Pi i Sunyer , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Francis Giles
- b Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Claire N Harrison
- d Department of Haematology , Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- e Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas , USA
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Abstract
Lysosomes were once considered the end point of endocytosis, simply used for macromolecule degradation. They are now recognized to be dynamic organelles, able to fuse with a variety of targets and to be re-formed after fusion events. They are also now known to be the site of nutrient sensing and signaling to the cell nucleus. In addition, lysosomes are secretory organelles, with specialized machinery for regulated secretion of proteins in some cell types. The biogenesis of lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles is discussed, taking into account their dynamic nature and multiple roles.
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Abstract
It is now widely recognized that neutrophils are highly versatile and sophisticated cells that display de novo synthetic capacity and may greatly extend their lifespan. In addition, concepts such as "neutrophil heterogeneity" and "neutrophil plasticity" have started to emerge, implying that, under pathological conditions, neutrophils may differentiate into discrete subsets defined by distinct phenotypic and functional profiles. A number of studies have shown that neutrophils act as effectors in both innate and adaptive immunoregulatory networks. In fact, once recruited into inflamed tissues, neutrophils engage into complex bidirectional interactions with macrophages, natural killer, dendritic and mesenchymal stem cells, B and T lymphocytes, or platelets. As a result of this cross-talk, mediated either by contact-dependent mechanisms or cell-derived soluble factors, neutrophils and target cells reciprocally modulate their survival and activation status. Altogether, these novel aspects of neutrophil biology have shed new light not only on the potential complex roles that neutrophils play during inflammation and immune responses, but also in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders including infection, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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37
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Novel myelofibrosis treatment strategies: potential partners for combination therapies. Leukemia 2014; 28:2139-47. [PMID: 24888274 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), myelofibrosis (MF) is associated with the greatest symptom burden and poorest prognosis and is characterized by constitutional symptoms, cytopenias, splenomegaly and bone marrow fibrosis. A hallmark of MF is dysregulation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway that has led to the development of JAK inhibitors targeting this pathway. Calreticulin gene mutations have recently been identified in JAK2 mutation-negative patients with MF. Identification of JAK inhibitor resistance and broad contributions to MF disease pathogenesis from epigenetic deregulators, pathways that work in concert with JAK/STAT (that is, mammalian target of rapamycin/AKT/phosphoinositide 3-kinase, RAS/RAF/MEK, PIM kinase), fibrosis-promoting factors and the MF megakaryocyte, suggest that numerous options may be partnered with a JAK inhibitor. Therefore, we will discuss logical and potential partners for combination therapies for the treatment of patients with MF.
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Sieni E, Cetica V, Hackmann Y, Coniglio ML, Da Ros M, Ciambotti B, Pende D, Griffiths G, Aricò M. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: when rare diseases shed light on immune system functioning. Front Immunol 2014; 5:167. [PMID: 24795715 PMCID: PMC3997030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immune system depends on the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells in order to fight off a viral infection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms during this process and the role of individual proteins was greatly improved by the study of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). Since 1999, genetic sequencing is the gold standard to classify patients into different subgroups of FHL. The diagnosis, once based on a clinical constellation of abnormalities, is now strongly supported by the results of a functional flow-cytometry screening, which directs the genetic study. A few additional congenital immune deficiencies can also cause a resembling or even identical clinical picture to FHL. As in many other rare human disorders, the collection and analysis of a relatively large number of cases in registries is crucial to draw a complete picture of the disease. The conduction of prospective therapeutic trials allows investigators to increase the awareness of the disease and to speed up the diagnostic process, but also provides important functional and genetic confirmations. Children with confirmed diagnosis may undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is the only cure known to date. Moreover, detailed characterization of these rare patients helped to understand the function of individual proteins within the exocytic machinery of CTL, NK, and NKT cells. Moreover, identification of these genotypes also provides valuable information on variant phenotypes, other than FHL, associated with biallelic and monoallelic mutations in the FHL-related genes. In this review, we describe how detailed characterization of patients with genetic hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis has resulted in improvement in knowledge regarding contribution of individual proteins to the functional machinery of cytotoxic T- and NK-cells. The review also details how identification of these genotypes has provided valuable information on variant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sieni
- Department Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer Children Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Valentina Cetica
- Department Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer Children Hospital , Florence , Italy ; Pediatric Hematology Oncology Network, Istituto Toscano Tumori (I.T.T.) , Florence , Italy
| | - Yvonne Hackmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , UK
| | - Maria Luisa Coniglio
- Department Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer Children Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Martina Da Ros
- Department Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer Children Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Benedetta Ciambotti
- Department Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer Children Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Daniela Pende
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - Gillian Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , UK
| | - Maurizio Aricò
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Network, Istituto Toscano Tumori (I.T.T.) , Florence , Italy
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Janka GE, Lehmberg K. Hemophagocytic syndromes--an update. Blood Rev 2014; 28:135-42. [PMID: 24792320 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome and not an independent disease. HLH represents the extreme end of a severe uncontrolled hyperinflammatory reaction that can occur in many underlying conditions. Genetic forms of HLHs are due to defects in transport, processing and function of cytotoxic granules in natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and are not restricted to manifestation in childhood. Acquired forms of HLH are encountered in infections, autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, malignancies, acquired immune deficiency. Functional tests allow for differentiation between genetic and acquired HLH. Treatment aims at suppressing hypercytokinemia and eliminating activated and infected cells. It includes immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents, cytostatics, T-cell and cytokine antibodies. In genetic HLH cure can only be achieved with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens have considerably improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gritta E Janka
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kai Lehmberg
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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40
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Tibes R, Mesa RA. Targeting hedgehog signaling in myelofibrosis and other hematologic malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:18. [PMID: 24598114 PMCID: PMC3975838 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-7-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of myelofibrosis (MF), a BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm, is challenging. The only current potentially curative option, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, is recommended for few patients. The remaining patients are treated with palliative therapies to manage MF-related anemia and splenomegaly. Identification of a mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene (JAK2 V617F) in more than half of all patients with MF has prompted the discovery and clinical development of inhibitors that target JAK2. Although treatment with JAK2 inhibitors has been shown to improve symptom response and quality of life in patients with MF, these drugs do not alter the underlying disease; therefore, novel therapies are needed. The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been shown to play a role in normal hematopoiesis and in the tumorigenesis of hematologic malignancies. Moreover, inhibitors of the Hh pathway have been shown to inhibit growth and self-renewal capacity in preclinical models of MF. In a mouse model of MF, combined inhibition of the Hh and JAK pathways reduced JAK2 mutant allele burden, reduced bone marrow fibrosis, and reduced white blood cell and platelet counts. Preliminary clinical data also suggest that inhibition of the Hh pathway, alone or in combination with JAK2 inhibition, may enable disease modification in patients with MF. Future studies, including one combining the Hh pathway inhibitor sonidegib and the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, are underway in patients with MF and will inform whether this combination approach can lead to true disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Tibes
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, NCI Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, NCI Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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41
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van der Sluijs P, Zibouche M, van Kerkhof P. Late steps in secretory lysosome exocytosis in cytotoxic lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2013; 4:359. [PMID: 24302923 PMCID: PMC3831147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer cells are a subset of cytotoxic lymphocytes that are important in host defense against infections and transformed cells. They exert this function through recognition of target cells by cell surface receptors, which triggers a signaling program that results in a re-orientation of the microtubule organizing center and secretory lysosomes toward the target cell. Upon movement of secretory lysosomes to the plasma membrane and subsequent fusion, toxic proteins are released by secretory lysosomes in the immunological synapse which then enter and kill the target cell. In this minireview we highlight recent progress in our knowledge of late steps in this specialized secretion pathway and address important open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van der Sluijs
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
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Nabhan C, Dalal N, Mehta J, Kay NE. Biologic agent activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a framework for future therapies. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:374-86. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.545461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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