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Kaur C, Thakur A, Liou KC, Rao NV, Nepali K. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK): an emerging target for the assemblage of small molecule antitumor agents. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39096234 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2388559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, has emerged as a vital component in the complex symphony of cancer cell survival and division. SYK activation (constitutive) is documented in various B-cell malignancies, and its inhibition induces programmed cell death. In some instances, it also acts as a tumor suppressor. AREAS COVERED Involvement of the SYK in the cancer growth, specifically in the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and multiple myeloma (MM) is discussed. Therapeutic strategies to target SYK in cancer, including investigational SYK inhibitors, combinations of SYK inhibitors with other drugs targeting therapeutically relevant targets, and recent advancements in constructing new structural assemblages as SYK inhibitors, are also covered. EXPERT OPINION The SYK inhibitor field is currently marred by the poor translation rate of SYK inhibitors from preclinical to clinical studies. Also, dose-limited toxicities associated with the applications of SYK inhibitors have been evidenced. Thus, the development of new SYK inhibitory structural templates is in the need of the hour. To accomplish the aforementioned, interdisciplinary teams should incessantly invest efforts to expand the size of the armory of SYK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Chi Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Vikár S, Szilveszter KP, Koszorú K, Sárdy M, Mócsai A. The Syk Inhibitor Entospletinib Abolishes Dermal-Epidermal Separation in a Fully Human Ex Vivo Model of Bullous Pemphigoid. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1733-1742. [PMID: 38296021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoantibody-mediated blistering skin disease characterized by local inflammation and dermal-epidermal separation, with no approved targeted therapy. The Syk tyrosine kinase is critical for various functions of the immune response. Second-generation Syk inhibitors such as entospletinib are currently being tested for hematological malignancies. Our aim was to test the effect of entospletinib in a fully human model system of BP. Incubating BP serum-treated human frozen skin sections with normal human granulocytes and fresh plasma triggered dermal-epidermal separation that was dependent on complement, NADPH oxidase, and protease activity. Entospletinib dramatically reduced dermal-epidermal separation with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of ≈16 nM. Entospletinib also reduced ROS production, granule release, and spreading of human granulocytes plated on immobilized immune complexes consisting either of a generic antigen-antibody pair or of recombinant collagen type XVII (BPAg2) and BP serum components (supposedly autoantibodies). However, entospletinib did not affect the chemotactic migration of human granulocytes or their responses to nonphysiological stimulation by phorbol esters. Entospletinib had no effect on the survival of granulocytes either. Taken together, entospletinib abrogates dermal-epidermal separation, likely through inhibition of granulocyte responsiveness to deposited immune complexes. Entospletinib or other Syk inhibitors may provide therapeutic benefits in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vikár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata P Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Koszorú
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN-SU Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Song Y, Cao J, Zhang Q, Li C, Qiu L, Qi J, Zhang H, Li W, Liu L, Jing H, Zhou K, Zhang W, Zhang L, Li D, Zou L, Yang H, Qian W, Zhou H, Hu J, Yin H, Fu S, Fan S, Xu Q, Wang J, Jia X, Dai G, Su W, Zhu J. Phase I study of the Syk inhibitor sovleplenib in relapsed or refractory mature B-cell tumors. Haematologica 2024; 109:2165-2176. [PMID: 38235512 PMCID: PMC11215356 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sovleplenib (HMPL-523) is a selective spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor with anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of B-cell malignancy. We conducted a dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase I study of sovleplenib in patients with relapsed/ refractory mature B-cell tumors. Dose escalation followed a 3+3 design; patients received oral sovleplenib (200-800 mg once daily [q.d.] or 200 mg twice daily [b.i.d.], 28-day cycles). During dose expansion, patients were enrolled into four cohorts per lymphoma classification and treated at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT02857998). Overall, 134 Chinese patients were enrolled (dose escalation, N=27; dose expansion, N=107). Five patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities: one each of amylase increased (200 mg q.d.), febrile neutropenia (800 mg q.d.), renal failure (800 mg q.d.), hyperuricemia and blood creatine phosphokinase increased (200 mg b.i.d.) and blood bilirubin increased and pneumonia (200 mg b.i.d.). RP2D was determined as 600 mg (>65 kg) or 400 mg (≤65 kg) q.d.. The primary efficacy end point of independent review committee-assessed objective response rate in indolent B-cell lymphoma was 50.8% (95% confidence interval: 37.5- 64.1) in 59 evaluable patients at RP2D (follicular lymphoma: 60.5%, marginal zone lymphoma: 28.6%, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 0%). The most common (≥10% patients) grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events in the dose-expansion phase were decreased neutrophil count (29.9%), pneumonia (12.1%) and decreased white blood cell count (11.2%). Pharmacokinetic exposures increased dose-proportionally with ascending dose levels from 200-800 mg, without observed saturation. Sovleplenib showed anti-tumor activity in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma with acceptable safety. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Song
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing
| | - Junning Cao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin
| | - Caixia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Lugui Qiu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin
| | - Junyuan Qi
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin
| | - Wenyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Peoples Hospital, Guangzhou
| | - Lihong Liu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang
| | | | | | - Weijing Zhang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated of Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Liling Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Daqi Li
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan
| | - Liqun Zou
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | | | - Wenbin Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | | | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zhu
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing.
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4
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Capener JL, Vasta JD, Katis VL, Michaud A, Beck MT, Daglish SCD, Cohen-Kedar S, Barda ES, Howell S, Dotan I, Robers MB, Axtman AD, Bashore FM. Development of SYK NanoBRET Cellular Target Engagement Assays for Gain-of-Function Variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598544. [PMID: 38915605 PMCID: PMC11195201 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by phosphorylation events downstream of FcR, B-cell and T-cell receptors, integrins, and C-type lectin receptors. When the tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of SYK bind to phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (pITAMs) contained within these immunoreceptors, or when SYK is phosphorylated in interdomain regions A and B, SYK is activated. SYK gain-of-function (GoF) variants were previously identified in six patients that had higher levels of phosphorylated SYK and phosphorylated downstream proteins JNK and ERK. Furthermore, the increased SYK activation resulted in the clinical manifestation of immune dysregulation, organ inflammation, and a predisposition for lymphoma. The knowledge that the SYK GoF variants have enhanced activity was leveraged to develop a SYK NanoBRET cellular target engagement assay in intact live cells with constructs for the SYK GoF variants. Herein, we developed a potent SYK-targeted NanoBRET tracer using a SYK donated chemical probe, MRL-SYKi, that enabled a NanoBRET cellular target engagement assay for SYK GoF variants, SYK(S550Y), SYK(S550F), and SYK(P342T). We determined that ATP-competitive SYK inhibitors bind potently to these SYK variants in intact live cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that MRL-SYKi can effectively reduce the catalytic activity of SYK variants, and the phosphorylation levels of SYK(S550Y) in an epithelial cell line (SW480) stably expressing SYK(S550Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Capener
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James D. Vasta
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Vittorio L. Katis
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ani Michaud
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Michael T. Beck
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Sabrina C. D. Daglish
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarit Cohen-Kedar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Shaham Barda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefanie Howell
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frances M. Bashore
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Qian B, Lu R, Mao S, Chen Y, Yang M, Zhang W, Zhang M, Zhu D, Liu Z, Zen K, Li L. Podocyte SIRPα reduction aggravates lupus nephritis via promoting T cell inflammatory responses. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114249. [PMID: 38758648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) has recently been found to be highly expressed in podocytes and is essential for maintaining podocyte function. However, its immunoregulatory function in podocytes remains elusive. Here, we report that SIRPα controls podocyte antigen presentation in specific T cell activation via inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) phosphorylation. First, podocyte SIRPα under lupus nephritis (LN) conditions is strongly downregulated. Second, podocyte-specific deletion of SIRPα exacerbates renal disease progression in lupus-prone mice, as evidenced by an increase in T cell infiltration. Third, SIRPα deletion or knockdown enhances podocyte antigen presentation, which activates specific T cells, via enhancing Syk phosphorylation. Supporting this, Syk inhibitor GS-9973 prevents podocyte antigen presentation, resulting in a decrease of T cell activation and mitigation of renal disease caused by SIRPα knockdown or deletion. Our findings reveal an immunoregulatory role of SIRPα loss in promoting podocyte antigen presentation to activate specific T cell immune responses in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Rui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Shuya Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Dihan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
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6
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Wang L, Fang Y, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Ma R, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Wang X, Zhang Y. A novel natural Syk inhibitor suppresses IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107320. [PMID: 38569323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) plays a crucial role as a target for allergy treatment due to its involvement in immunoreceptor signaling. The purpose of this study was to identify natural inhibitors of Syk and assess their effects on the IgE-mediated allergic response in mast cells and ICR mice. A list of eight compounds was selected based on pharmacophore and molecular docking, showing potential inhibitory effects through virtual screening. Among these compounds, sophoraflavanone G (SFG) was found to inhibit Syk activity in an enzymatic assay, with an IC50 value of 2.2 μM. To investigate the conformational dynamics of the SYK-SFG system, we performed molecular dynamics simulations. The stability of the binding between SFG and Syk was evaluated using root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF). In RBL-2H3 cells, SFG demonstrated a dose-dependent suppression of IgE/BSA-induced mast cell degranulation, with no significant cytotoxicity observed at concentrations below 10.0 μM within 24 h. Furthermore, SFG reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-4 in RBL-2H3 cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SFG inhibited downstream signaling proteins, including phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (AKT, Erk1/2, p38, and JNK), in mast cells in a dose-dependent manner. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) experiments demonstrated that SFG could reduce ear swelling, mast cell degranulation, and the expression of COX-2 and IL-4. Overall, our findings identify naturally occurring SFG as a direct inhibitor of Syk that effectively suppresses mast cell degranulation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuzhen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zixi Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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Cervi G, D'Alessio R, Bindi S, Buffa L, Burocchi A, Canevari G, Modugno M, Motto I, Saturno G, Orsini P. Discovery and optimization of 4-pyrazolyl-2-aminopyrimidine derivatives as potent spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116375. [PMID: 38604095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a key signal transduction mediator of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. Abnormal BCR signaling plays a key role in initiation and development of B-cell-derived hematological malignancies, therefore, Syk represents a potential target for inhibiting the BCR signaling resulting in a therapeutic effect in these cancers. Herein, we describe a novel series of SYK inhibitors with 4-(3'-pyrazolyl)-2-amino-pyrimidine scaffold. Extensive study of structure-activity relationships led to the identification of 1 (NMS-0963), a highly potent Syk inhibitor (IC50 = 3 nM) endowed with high selectivity within a panel of tested kinases and high antiproliferative activity in SYK-dependent BaF3-TEL/SYK cells and in other BCR-dependent hematological tumor cell lines. Additionally, 1 effectively inhibited Syk phosphorylation and downstream signaling mediators of the BCR in treated cells. In in vivo pharmacokinetics studies, 1, displayed good pharmacokinetics properties, with linear exposure with dose and excellent oral bioavailability. These findings suggest that 1 is a promising new Syk inhibitor for treating BCR-dependent hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cervi
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy.
| | - Roberto D'Alessio
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | - Simona Bindi
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | - Laura Buffa
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | - Alessia Burocchi
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | - Giulia Canevari
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | - Michele Modugno
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | - Ilaria Motto
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | - Grazia Saturno
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
| | - Paolo Orsini
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Viale Pasteur 10, 20014, Nerviano, MI, Italy
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8
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Loos NHC, Sparidans RW, Heydari P, Bui V, Lebre MC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. The ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters limit brain disposition of the SYK inhibitors entospletinib and lanraplenib. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116911. [PMID: 38527694 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The highly selective Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) inhibitors entospletinib and lanraplenib disrupt kinase activity and inhibit immune cell functions. They are developed for treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmunity diseases. The impact of P-gp/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 efflux transporters, OATP1a/1b uptake transporters and CYP3A drug-metabolizing enzymes on the oral pharmacokinetics of these drugs was assessed using mouse models. Entospletinib and lanraplenib were orally administered simultaneously at moderate dosages (10 mg/kg each) to female mice to assess the possibility of examining two structurally and mechanistically similar drugs at the same time, while reducing the number of experimental animals and sample-processing workload. The plasma pharmacokinetics of both drugs were not substantially restricted by Abcb1 or Abcg2. The brain-to-plasma ratios of entospletinib in Abcb1a/b-/-, Abcg2-/- and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2-/- mice were 1.7-, 1.8- and 2.9-fold higher, respectively, compared to those in wild-type mice. For lanraplenib these brain-to-plasma ratios were 3.0-, 1.3- and 10.4-fold higher, respectively. This transporter-mediated restriction of brain penetration for both drugs could be almost fully inhibited by coadministration of the dual ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar, without signs of acute toxicity. Oatp1a/b and human CYP3A4 did not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of entospletinib and lanraplenib, but mouse Cyp3a may limit lanraplenib plasma exposure. Unexpectedly, entospletinib and lanraplenib increased each other's plasma exposure by 2.6- to 2.9-fold, indicating a significant drug-drug interaction. This interaction was, however, unlikely to be mediated through any of the studied transporters or CYP3A. The obtained insights may perhaps help to further improve the safety and efficacy of entospletinib and lanraplenib.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Female
- Mice
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/drug effects
- Syk Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Syk Kinase/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Administration, Oral
- Indazoles
- Morpholines
- Pyrazines
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H C Loos
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paniz Heydari
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viët Bui
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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Chi K, Liu J, Li X, Wang H, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Ge Y. Biomarkers of heart failure: advances in omics studies. Mol Omics 2024; 20:169-183. [PMID: 38224222 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by progressive circulatory dysfunction, manifesting clinically as pulmonary and systemic venous congestion, alongside inadequate tissue perfusion. The early identification of HF, particularly at the mild and moderate stages (stages B and C), presents a clinical challenge due to the overlap of signs, symptoms, and natriuretic peptide levels with other cardiorespiratory pathologies. Nonetheless, early detection coupled with timely pharmacological intervention is imperative for enhancing patient outcomes. Advances in high-throughput omics technologies have enabled researchers to analyze patient-derived biofluids and tissues, discovering biomarkers that are sensitive and specific for HF diagnosis. Due to the diversity of HF etiology, it is insufficient to study the diagnostic data of early HF using a single omics technology. This study reviewed the latest progress in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for the identification of HF biomarkers, offering novel insights into the early clinical diagnosis of HF. However, the validity of biomarkers depends on the disease status, intervention time, genetic diversity and comorbidities of the subjects. Moreover, biomarkers lack generalizability in different clinical settings. Hence, it is imperative to conduct multi-center, large-scale and standardized clinical trials to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and utility of HF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xinghua Li
- Changzhi People's Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanliang Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Qingnan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuan Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Schmid VK, Hobeika E. B cell receptor signaling and associated pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1339620. [PMID: 38469232 PMCID: PMC10926848 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1339620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling is a key driver of growth and survival in both normal and malignant B cells. Several lines of evidence support an important pathogenic role of the BCR in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The significant improvement of CLL patients' survival with the use of various BCR pathway targeting inhibitors, supports a crucial involvement of BCR signaling in the pathogenesis of CLL. Although the treatment landscape of CLL has significantly evolved in recent years, no agent has clearly demonstrated efficacy in patients with treatment-refractory CLL in the long run. To identify new drug targets and mechanisms of drug action in neoplastic B cells, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of leukemic transformation as well as CLL cell survival is required. In the last decades, studies of genetically modified CLL mouse models in line with CLL patient studies provided a variety of exciting data about BCR and BCR-associated kinases in their role in CLL pathogenesis as well as disease progression. BCR surface expression was identified as a particularly important factor regulating CLL cell survival. Also, BCR-associated kinases were shown to provide a crosstalk of the CLL cells with their tumor microenvironment, which highlights the significance of the cells' milieu in the assessment of disease progression and treatment. In this review, we summarize the major findings of recent CLL mouse as well as patient studies in regard to the BCR signalosome and discuss its relevance in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Wang Z, Qu S, Yuan J, Tian W, Xu J, Tao R, Sun S, Lu T, Tang W, Zhu Y. Review and prospects of targeted therapies for Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117514. [PMID: 37984216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The dysregulation of SYK is closely related to the occurrence and development of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. SYK has become an attractive target for drug discovery due to its important biological functions. This article reviews the biological function of SYK, the relationship between SYK and disease, and therapies targeting SYK. In addition, inspired by new technologies such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and phosphatase recruiting chimeras (PHORCs), we propose the development of new therapeutic approaches for targeting SYK, such as SYK PROTACs and SYK PHORCs, which may overcome deficiencies of existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Wang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shu Qu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiahao Yuan
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wen Tian
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jinglei Xu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Rui Tao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shilong Sun
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weifang Tang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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12
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Huang G, Hucek D, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Applications of oxetanes in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115802. [PMID: 37713805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The compact and versatile oxetane motifs have gained significant attention in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry campaigns. This review presents an overview of the diverse applications of oxetanes in clinical and preclinical drug candidates targeting various human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, metabolic disorders, and others. Special attention is given to biologically active oxetane-containing compounds and their disease-related targets, such as kinases, epigenetic and non-epigenetic enzymes, and receptors. The review also details the effect of the oxetane motif on important properties, including aqueous solubility, lipophilicity, pKa, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, metabolic stability, conformational preferences, toxicity profiles (e.g., cytochrome P450 (CYP) suppression and human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition), pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, potency, and target selectivity. We anticipate that this work will provide valuable insights that can drive future discoveries of novel bioactive oxetane-containing small molecules, enabling their effective application in combating a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Devon Hucek
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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13
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Káposztás E, Balogh L, Mócsai A, Kemecsei É, Jakus Z, Németh T. The selective inhibition of the Syk tyrosine kinase ameliorates experimental autoimmune arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279155. [PMID: 38111569 PMCID: PMC10725968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune arthritis - such as rheumatoid arthritis - affect a significant proportion of the population, which can cause everyday joint pain, decreased mobility and reduced quality of life. Despite having more and more therapeutic options available, there are still a lot of patients who cannot reach remission or low disease activity by current therapies. This causes an urgent need for the development of new treatment options. The Syk tyrosine kinase plays an essential role in B cell receptor, Fc receptor and integrin signaling. It has been shown that the hematopoietic cell-specific deletion of Syk resulted in a complete protection against autoantibody-induced experimental arthritis. This prompted us to test the effect of entospletinib, a second generation, Syk-selective inhibitor, which has a tolerable safety profile according to hematological clinical trials, in experimental autoimmune arthritis. We found that entospletinib dose-dependently decreased the macroscopic signs of joint inflammation, while it did not affect the health status of the animals. In line with these findings, local neutrophil accumulation and cytokine levels were reduced compared to the vehicle-treated group, while macrophage accumulation and synovial fibroblast numbers were not significantly altered. Meanwhile, entospletinib dose-dependently decreased the cell responses of immune complex- or integrin ligand-activated neutrophils. Overall, we found that selective Syk inhibition by entospletinib reduced the activity of autoantibody-induced experimental arthritis, which seems to be based mainly on the effect of the inhibitor on neutrophil functions. Our data raise the possibility that entospletinib could be a good drug candidate in the treatment of human autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Káposztás
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lili Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kemecsei
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Németh T, Balogh L, Káposztás E, Szilveszter KP, Mócsai A. Neutrophil-Specific Syk Expression Is Crucial for Skin Disease in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1147-1156. [PMID: 36641133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the dermal-epidermal junction component type VII collagen (C7) trigger skin disease in the inflammatory form of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. We have previously identified the Syk tyrosine kinase as a crucial participant in anti-C7 antibody-induced experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. However, it is still unclear which cellular lineage needs to express Syk during the disease process. In this study, we show that the loss of Syk, specifically from neutrophils, results in complete protection from the anti-C7 antibody-initiated skin disease both macroscopically and microscopically. Mice with a neutrophil-specific Syk deletion had decreased neutrophil accumulation and abrogated CXCL2 and IL-1β levels in the skin upon anti-C7 treatment, whereas isolated Syk-deficient neutrophils had decreased superoxide release, cell spreading, and cytokine release on C7-anti-C7 immune complex surfaces. Entospletinib and lanraplenib, two second-generation Syk-specific inhibitors, effectively abrogated immune complex-induced responses of human neutrophils and decreased the anti-C7 antibody-initiated, neutrophil-mediated ex vivo dermal-epidermal separation in human skin samples. Taken together, these results point to a crucial role for Syk in neutrophils in the development and progression of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and suggest Syk inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lili Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Káposztás
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE "Lendület" ("Momentum") Translational Rheumatology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata P Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Li M, Wang P, Zou Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Liu M, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signals are implicated in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15625. [PMID: 37180910 PMCID: PMC10172877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications regulate numerous biochemical reactions and functions through covalent attachment to proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination account for over 90% of all reported post-translational modifications. As one of the tyrosine protein kinases, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) plays crucial roles in many pathophysiological processes and affects the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. SYK is expressed in tissues outside the hematopoietic system, especially the heart, and is involved in the progression of various cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke and others. Knowledge on the role of SYK in the progress of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases is accumulating, and many related mechanisms have been discovered and validated. This review summarizes the role of SYK in the progression of various cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and aims to provide a theoretical basis for future experimental and clinical research targeting SYK as a therapeutic option for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Linos K, Dermawan JK, Bale T, Rosenblum MK, Singer S, Tap W, Dickson MA, Hornick JL, Antonescu CR. Expanding the Molecular Diversity of CIC-Rearranged Sarcomas With Novel and Very Rare Partners. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100103. [PMID: 36788092 PMCID: PMC10324473 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC)-rearranged sarcoma represents a distinct pathologic entity and constitutes the second most prevalent category of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas (URCSs) after Ewing sarcoma. The 2 most common translocations are t(4;19) and t(10;19), resulting in CIC fusions with either DUX4 and DUX4L paralog, respectively; however, other rare variant fusions have also been reported. In this study, we expand the molecular spectrum of CIC-gene partners, reporting on 5 cases of URCSs showing CIC fusions with AXL, CITED1, SYK, and LEUTX by targeted RNA or DNA sequencing. There were 4 female patients and 1 male patient with a wide age range (12-70 years; median, 36 years). Four cases occurred in the deep soft tissues (lower extremity, 3; neck, 1) and 1 case in the central nervous system (midbrain/thalamus). All cases showed similar histologic findings within the spectrum of URCSs. Immunohistochemistry, showed variable positivity for ETV4 in 4 of the 4 cases and positive results for ERG in 3 of the 4 cases and for WT1 in 1 of the 4 cases. CD31 showed positivity in 2 of the 3 cases, including one coexpressing ERG. Unsupervised clustering of methylation profiles by T-distributed stochastic neighborhood embedding performed in 4 cases showed that all clustered tightly together and along the CIC sarcoma methylation class. RNA-sequencing data showed consistent upregulation of ETV1 and ETV4 mRNA in all cases examined, at similar levels to CIC::DUX4 URCSs. Our study expands the molecular diversity of CIC-rearranged URCSs to include novel and rare partners, providing morphologic, immunohistochemical, gene expression, and methylation evidence supporting their classification within the family of tumors harboring the more common DUX4/DUX4L partner genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Josephine K Dermawan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tejus Bale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc K Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William Tap
- Department of Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Dickson
- Department of Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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17
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Lozano ML. Expanding therapeutic options for patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Lancet Haematol 2023:S2352-3026(23)00063-7. [PMID: 37028434 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(23)00063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Lozano
- Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonacion, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia 30008, Spain.
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18
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Lin C, DiCioccio RA, Haykal T, McManigle WC, Li Z, Anand SM, Poe JC, Bracken SJ, Jia W, Alyea EP, Cardones AR, Choi T, Gasparetto C, Grunwald MR, Hennig T, Kang Y, Long GD, Lopez R, Martin M, Minor KK, Quinones VLP, Sung AD, Wiggins K, Chao NJ, Horwitz ME, Rizzieri DA, Sarantopoulos S. A Phase I Trial of SYK Inhibition with Fostamatinib in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:179.e1-179.e10. [PMID: 36577483 PMCID: PMC10433369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exciting advancement of novel therapies, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains the most common cause of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Frontline treatment of cGVHD involves systemic steroids, which are associated with significant morbidities. We previously found that inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) with fostamatinib preferentially eradicated aberrantly activated B cells in both ex vivo studies of cGVHD patient B cells, as well as in vivo mouse studies. These and other preclinical studies implicated hyper-reactive B-cell receptor signaling and increased SYK expression in the pathogenesis of cGVHD and compelled this first in-human allogeneic HCT clinical trial. We investigated the safety and efficacy of the oral SYK inhibitor, fostamatinib, for both the prevention and treatment of cGVHD. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of fostamatinib and determine its maximum tolerated dose in the post-HCT setting. Secondary objectives included assessing the efficacy of fostamatinib in preventing and treating cGVHD, as well as examining alterations in B-cell compartments with treatment. This was a single-institution phase I clinical trial that evaluated the use of fostamatinib in allogeneic HCT patients before the development of cGVHD or at the time of steroid-refractory cGVHD (SR-cGVHD). Patients received fostamatinib at one of three dose levels using a continual reassessment algorithm to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes in B cell subpopulations over the first year of treatment with fostamatinib. Nineteen patients were enrolled in this phase I trial, with 5 in the prophylaxis arm and 14 in the therapeutic arm. One patient (5%) required discontinuation of therapy for a dose-limiting toxicity. At a median follow-up of over 3 years, no patients had cancer relapse while on fostamatinib treatment, and recurrent malignancy was observed in 1 patient 2 years after the end of therapy. In the prophylaxis arm, 1 of 5 patients (20%) developed cGVHD while on fostamatinib. In the therapeutic arm, the overall response rate was 77%, with a complete response rate of 31%. The median duration of response was 19.3 months and the 12-month failure-free survival was 69% (95% confidence interval, 48-100). Patients were able to reduce their steroid dose by a median of 80%, with 73% remaining on a lower dose at 1 year compared to baseline. There was an early reduction in the proportion of IgD-CD38hi plasmablast-like cells with fostamatinib treatment, particularly in those SR-cGVHD patients who had an eventual response. B-cell reconstitution was not significantly impacted by fostamatinib therapy after allogeneic HCT. Fostamatinib featured a favorable safety profile in the post-HCT setting. Our data suggests an early efficacy signal that was associated with effects on expected cell targets in both the prophylaxis and treatment of cGVHD, providing rationale for a phase II investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Lin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel A DiCioccio
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tarek Haykal
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William C McManigle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sarah M Anand
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan C Poe
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sonali J Bracken
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wei Jia
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Edwin P Alyea
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adela R Cardones
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Taewoong Choi
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael R Grunwald
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Therese Hennig
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gwynn D Long
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard Lopez
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Melissa Martin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kerry K Minor
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristi Wiggins
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mitchell E Horwitz
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
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Pratz KW, Kaplan J, Levy M, Bixby D, Burke PW, Erba H, Wise-Draper TM, Roboz GJ, Papadantonakis N, Rajkhowa T, Hernandez D, Dobler I, Gregory RC, Li C, Wang S, Stumpo K, Kannan K, Miao H, Levis M. A phase Ib trial of mivavotinib (TAK-659), a dual SYK/FLT3 inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2023; 108:705-716. [PMID: 36226495 PMCID: PMC9973464 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mivavotinib (TAK-659) is an investigational type 1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor with dual activity against spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). We conducted a phase Ib study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of mivavotinib in patients with refractory and/or relapsed (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Both daily (QD) and twice daily (BID) dosing regimens were evaluated. A total of 43 patients were enrolled, and there were 5 complete responses (4 with incomplete count recovery). In the QD dosing regimen, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached up to 160 mg QD per protocol; 140 mg QD was identified as the recommended phase II dose. In the BID dosing regimen, the MTD was 60 mg BID. Thirty patients (70%) experienced a bleeding event on study; the majority were grades 1 or 2, were resolved without mivavotinib modification, and were not considered related to study treatment. Eleven patients (26%) experienced grade ≥3 bleeding events, which were observed most frequently with the 80 mg BID dose. We conducted platelet aggregation studies to investigate the potential role of mivavotinib-mediated SYK inhibition on platelet function. The bleeding events observed may have been the result of several confounding factors, including AML disease status, associated thrombocytopenia, and high doses of mivavotinib. Overall, these findings indicate that the activity of mivavotinib in R/R AML is modest. Furthermore, any future clinical investigation of this agent should be undertaken with caution, particularly in thrombocytopenic patients, due to the potential bleeding risk of SYK inhibition. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02323113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Pratz
- Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason Kaplan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Moshe Levy
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dale Bixby
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Harry Erba
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | - Trivikram Rajkhowa
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniela Hernandez
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Iwona Dobler
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Cheryl Li
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Cambridge, MA
| | - Shining Wang
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Cambridge, MA
| | - Kate Stumpo
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Harry Miao
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Cambridge, MA
| | - Mark Levis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
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Heterogeneity of Patient-Derived Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Subjected to SYK In Vitro Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314706. [PMID: 36499034 PMCID: PMC9737311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a dismal prognosis. The cytoplasmic spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is highly expressed by hematopoietic cells and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antileukemic effects of five SYK inhibitors, fostamatinib, entospletinib, cerdulatinib, TAK-659, and RO9021, in a consecutive AML patient cohort. All inhibitors demonstrated a concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect, although there was considerable heterogeneity among patients. For fostamatinib and TAK-659, the antiproliferative effects were significantly higher in FLT3 mutated patients compared to nonmutated patients. Fostamatinib, entospletinib, TAK-659, and RO9021 induced significant apoptosis in primary AML cells, although the proapoptotic effects of the SYK inhibitors were less pronounced than the antiproliferative effects. Finally, most of the SYK inhibitors caused a significant decrease in the release of cytokines and chemokines from primary AML cells, indicating a potent inhibitory effect on the release of these leukemic signaling molecules. We concluded that the SYK inhibitors had antileukemic effects in AML, although larger studies are strongly needed to identify which patient subsets will benefit most from such a treatment.
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Cooper N, Ghanima W, Hill QA, Nicolson PLR, Markovtsov V, Kessler C. Recent advances in understanding spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) in human biology and disease, with a focus on fostamatinib. Platelets 2022; 34:2131751. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2131751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Cooper
- Clinical Reader in Immune Haematology and Honorary Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Waleed Ghanima
- Head of Research and Consultant Haematologist, Department of Hemato-oncology, Østfold Hospital, and Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Quentin A Hill
- Consultant Haematologist, Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Phillip LR Nicolson
- Clinical Lecturer in Haematology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vadim Markovtsov
- Translational Biology, Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig Kessler
- Medicine and Pathology, Director, Division of Coagulation, Director, Cellular and Therapeutic Apheresis and Cellular Collection, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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22
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Wolf C, Maus C, Persicke MRO, Filarsky K, Tausch E, Schneider C, Döhner H, Stilgenbauer S, Lichter P, Höfer T, Mertens D. Modeling the B‐cell receptor signaling on single cell level reveals a stable network circuit topology between non‐malignant B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and between untreated cells and cells treated with kinase inhibitors. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:783-796. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wolf
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carsten Maus
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology German Cancer Research Center (DXDKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Bioquant Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael RO Persicke
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Katharina Filarsky
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology German Cancer Research Center (DXDKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Bioquant Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
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23
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Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Tirabrutinib and Entospletinib With or Without Obinutuzumab in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e692. [PMID: 35284802 PMCID: PMC8906452 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tang S, Yu Q, Ding C. Investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:291-303. [PMID: 35130124 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are disorders induced by multiple inflammatory mediators, in which immune system attacks healthy tissues and triggers tissue injury. Targeted regulation of the activity of kinases that influence inflammation is one of the major therapies for ADs. Recently, investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors have shown encouraging results in the ADs therapy. AREAS COVERED This article provides a background on autoimmune diseases and provides an update on investigational SYK inhibitors. This literature review was conducted by searching publications about investigational Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of ADs from experimental to clinical studies. The search terms used were SYK inhibitors, R406, fostamatinib (R788), P505-15 (PRT062607), entospletinib (GS-9973), R112, lanraplenib (GS-9876), cerdulatinib, R343, BAY-61-3606, GSK compound 143 (GSK143), R211, SKI-G-618, SKI-O-85, ER-27319, YM193306, RO9021 in conjunction with autoimmune disease using electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION SYK inhibitors are promising drugs with unique advantages and acceptable tolerability and safety for the treatment of ADs. However, the difficulties in developing highly selective SYK inhibitors and the unknown effects are challenges. Long term and real-world data are essential to determine the risk-benefit ratio and true role of SYK inhibitors in the therapy of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Centre of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Hu Q, Liu M, You Y, Zhou G, Chen Y, Yuan H, Xie L, Han S, Zhu K. Dual inhibition of reactive oxygen species and spleen tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic strategy in liver fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:193-205. [PMID: 34492311 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play key roles in liver fibrosis (LF) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously reported that spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is critical for HSCs activation, however, the mechanisms are insufficiently understood. In the present study, we found that SYK facilitated autophagy to promote HSCs activation by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, SYK inhibitor GS-9973 could efficiently reduce HSCs ROS generation in vitro but not in vivo. Mechanistically, hepatocytes (HCs) would release ROS outside and then diffuse into HSCs to promote autophagy and activation in vitro in the context of inflammation. We then further examined the ROS contents in liver sections and primary liver cells of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced mice treated with or without different doses of Silybin, a natural compound characterized by a well-established antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, and found that ROS intensities in both liver sections and their deprived primary cells were efficiently inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. Lastly, we evaluated the rational combination of Silybin and GS-9973 in the treatment of CCl4 induced mice and found that this combination is well tolerated and acts synergistically against HSCs activity, LF and HCC. The combinational use of Silybin and GS-9973 could be a promising therapeutic strategy in patients suffering from LF and even HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
| | - Yundan You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Guo Zhou
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
| | - Lulu Xie
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Shisong Han
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
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26
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Kittai AS, Best S, Thurlow B, Lam V, Hashiguchi T, Goodyear S, Persky DO, Okada C, Park B, Spurgeon SE, Danilov AV. Entospletinib and obinutuzumab in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell malignancies. Haematologica 2021; 106:2022-2025. [PMID: 33504141 PMCID: PMC8252925 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.270298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Kittai
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Scott Best
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Bria Thurlow
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Vi Lam
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Taylor Hashiguchi
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Shaun Goodyear
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Craig Okada
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Byung Park
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Stephen E Spurgeon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Over the last 2 decades, treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) therapy has drastically changed, resulting in greatly improved survival and treatment tolerance with current targeted therapies. First, the transition from chemotherapy (alkylating agents, nucleoside analogs) to chemoimmunotherapy with the addition of anti-CD20 antibodies resulted in deeper and more complete remissions, with an improvement in progression-free and overall survival. Over the last few years, chemoimmunotherapy has gradually been replaced by new targeted agents, based on further improvement in survival, especially in patients with high-risk CLL, and fewer adverse effects, that is, a lack of myelosuppression and lack of DNA damage and associated risk of secondary acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome. The most active targeted treatments for CLL patients are the kinase inhibitors, which inhibit signaling of surface receptors, especially the B-cell antigen receptor, and the BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax. Among the kinase inhibitors, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors are highly effective and generally well-tolerated and induce durable responses in the vast majority of patients. PI3 kinase inhibitors are alternatives for patients with intolerance to Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review discusses the rationale for the transition from chemotherapy-based treatment to the novel agents, the activity, adverse effects, sequencing, and combinations of the novel agents and provides an outlook into future CLL therapy for the next decade.
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Narayanan S, Wu ZX, Wang JQ, Ma H, Acharekar N, Koya J, Yoganathan S, Fang S, Chen ZS, Pan Y. The Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Entospletinib (GS-9973) Restores Chemosensitivity in Lung Cancer Cells by Modulating ABCG2-mediated Multidrug Resistance. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2652-2665. [PMID: 34326700 PMCID: PMC8315011 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are important in managing lymphoid malignancies by targeting B-cell receptor signaling pathways. Entospletinib (GS-9973) is an oral, selective inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), currently in the phase II clinical trials for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Syk is abundantly present in the cells of hematopoietic lineage that mediates cell proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion. In this current study, we evaluated the efficacy of GS-9973 to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) due to the overexpression of the ABCG2 transporter in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, NCI-H460/MX20. In vitro, 3 μM of GS-9973 reversed the drug resistance of NCI-H460/MX20 cell line to mitoxantrone or doxorubicin. GS-9973, at 3 μM reverses ABCG2-mediated MDR by blocking ABCG2 efflux activity and downregulating ABCG2 expression at the protein level but did not alter the ABCG2 mRNA expression and subcellular localization of the ABCG2 protein compared to drug-resistant cells incubated with the vehicle. GS-9973 produced a moderate concentration-dependent increase in the ATPase activity of ABCG2 (EC50 = 0.42 µM) and molecular docking data indicated that GS-9973 had a high affinity (-10.226 kcal/mol) for the substrate-binding site of ABCG2. Finally, HPLC analysis proved that the intracellular concentration of GS-9973 is not significantly different in both parental and resistant cell lines. In conclusion, our study suggests that in vitro, GS-9973 in combination with certain anticancer drugs, represent a strategy to overcome ABCG2-mediated MDR cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Narayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Hansu Ma
- Precision Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Nikita Acharekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jagadish Koya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Sabesan Yoganathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yihang Pan
- Precision Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
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Inhibition of B-cell receptor signaling disrupts cell adhesion in mantle cell lymphoma via RAC2. Blood Adv 2021; 5:185-197. [PMID: 33570628 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is highly effective in B-cell neoplasia through Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition by ibrutinib. Ibrutinib also disrupts cell adhesion between a tumor and its microenvironment. However, it is largely unknown how BCR signaling is linked to cell adhesion. We observed that intrinsic sensitivities of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines to ibrutinib correlated well with their cell adhesion phenotype. RNA-sequencing revealed that BCR and cell adhesion signatures were simultaneously downregulated by ibrutinib in the ibrutinib-sensitive, but not ibrutinib-resistant, cells. Among the differentially expressed genes, RAC2, part of the BCR signature and a known regulator of cell adhesion, was downregulated at both the RNA and protein levels by ibrutinib only in sensitive cells. RAC2 physically associated with B-cell linker protein (BLNK), a BCR adaptor molecule, uniquely in sensitive cells. RAC2 reduction using RNA interference and CRISPR impaired cell adhesion, whereas RAC2 overexpression reversed ibrutinib-induced cell adhesion impairment. In a xenograft mouse model, mice treated with ibrutinib exhibited slower tumor growth, with reduced RAC2 expression in tissue. Finally, RAC2 was expressed in ∼65% of human primary MCL tumors, and RAC2 suppression by ibrutinib resulted in cell adhesion impairment. These findings, made with cell lines, a xenograft model, and human primary lymphoma tumors, uncover a novel link between BCR signaling and cell adhesion. This study highlights the importance of RAC2 and cell adhesion in MCL pathogenesis and drug development.
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Qin J, Cheng W, Duan YT, Yang H, Yao Y. Indazole as a Privileged Scaffold: The Derivatives and their Therapeutic Applications. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:839-860. [PMID: 32819234 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200818160350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic compounds, also called heterocycles, are a major class of organic chemical compound that plays a vital role in the metabolism of all living cells. The heterocyclic compound, indazole, has attracted more attention in recent years and is widely present in numerous commercially available drugs. Indazole-containing derivatives, representing one of the most important heterocycles in drug molecules, are endowed with a broad range of biological properties. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science regarding articles related to indazole and its therapeutic application. RESULTS The mechanism and structure-activity relationship of indazole and its derivatives were described. Based on their versatile biological activities, the compounds were divided into six groups: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antiarrhythmic, antifungal and antitumour. At least 43 indazole-based therapeutic agents were found to be used in clinical application or clinical trials. CONCLUSION This review is a guide for pharmacologists who are in search of valid preclinical/clinical drug compounds where the progress of approved marketed drugs containing indazole scaffold is examined from 1966 to the present day. Future direction involves more diverse bioactive moieties with indazole scaffold and greater insights into its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
| | - Yong-Tao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
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31
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Sender S, Sekora A, Villa Perez S, Chabanovska O, Becker A, Ngezahayo A, Junghanss C, Murua Escobar H. Precursor B-ALL Cell Lines Differentially Respond to SYK Inhibition by Entospletinib. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E592. [PMID: 33435587 PMCID: PMC7827334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired B-cell receptor (BCR) function has been associated with the progress of several B-cell malignancies. The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) represents a potential therapeutic target in a subset of B-cell neoplasias. In precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the pathogenic role and therapeutic potential of SYK is still controversially discussed. We evaluate the application of the SYK inhibitor entospletinib (Ento) in pre- and pro-B-ALL cell lines, characterizing the biologic and molecular effects. METHODS SYK expression was characterized in pre-B-ALL (NALM-6) and pro-B-ALL cell lines (SEM and RS4;11). The cell lines were exposed to different Ento concentrations and the cell biological response analyzed by proliferation, metabolic activity, apoptosis induction, cell-cycle distribution and morphology. BCR pathway gene expression and protein modulations were further characterized. RESULTS Ento significantly induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in NALM-6 and SEM, while barely affecting RS4;11. Targeted RNAseq revealed pronounced gene expression modulation only in NALM-6, while Western Blot analyses demonstrated that vital downstream effector proteins, such as pAKT, pERK, pGSK3β, p53 and BCL-6, were affected by Ento exposure in the inhibitor-sensitive cell lines. CONCLUSION Different acting modes of Ento, independent of pre-BCR dependency, were characterized, unexpected in SEM. Accordingly, SYK classifies as a potential target structure in a subset of pro-B-ALLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sender
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Anett Sekora
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Simon Villa Perez
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Oleksandra Chabanovska
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Annegret Becker
- Department of Cell Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Anaclet Ngezahayo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
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Tung MC, Tsai KC, Fung KM, Don MJ, Tseng TS. Characterizing the structure-activity relationships of natural products, tanshinones, reveals their mode of action in inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2453-2461. [PMID: 35424194 PMCID: PMC8693659 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic non-receptor protein kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), is an attractive drug target in autoimmune, inflammatory disorder, and cancers indications. Here, we employed pharmacophore-based drug screening combined with biochemical assay and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify and characterize inhibitors targeting SYK. The built pharmacophore model, phar-TanI, successfully identified tanshinone (TanI (IC50 = 1.72 μM)) and its analogs (TanIIA (IC50 = 3.2 μM), ST32da (IC50 = 46 μM), and ST32db (IC50 = 51 μM)) which apparently attenuated the activities of SYK in vitro. Additionally, the MD simulations followed by Ligplot analyses revealed that TanI and TanIIA interfered SYK activity through binding deeply into the active site. Besides, TanI and TanIIA mainly interact with residues L377, A400, V433, M448, M450, A451, E452, L453, G454, P455, and L501, which are functional hotspots for structure-based inhibitor optimization against SYK. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) study of the identified SYK inhibitors demonstrated that the pharmacophore model, phar-TanI is reliable and precise in screening inhibitors against SYK. This study disclosed the structure-function relationships of tanshinones from Traditional Chinese Medicine (Danshen), revealing their binding site and mode of action in inhibiting SYK and provides applicability in developing new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Department of Stomatology, Tung's MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kit-Man Fung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
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Vanura K. Sex as decisive variable in lymphoid neoplasms-an update. ESMO Open 2020; 6:100001. [PMID: 33399069 PMCID: PMC7808098 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Vanura
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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34
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Harbi MH, Smith CW, Nicolson PLR, Watson SP, Thomas MR. Novel antiplatelet strategies targeting GPVI, CLEC-2 and tyrosine kinases. Platelets 2020; 32:29-41. [PMID: 33307909 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1849600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiplatelet medications comprise the cornerstone of treatment for diseases that involve arterial thrombosis, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stroke and peripheral arterial disease. However, antiplatelet medications may cause bleeding and, furthermore, thrombotic events may still recur despite treatment. The interaction of collagen with GPVI receptors on the surface of platelets has been identified as one of the major players in the pathophysiology of arterial thrombosis that occurs following atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Promisingly, GPVI deficiency in humans appears to have a minimal impact on bleeding. These findings together suggest that targeting platelet GPVI may provide a novel treatment strategy that provides additional antithrombotic efficacy with minimal disruption of normal hemostasis compared to conventional antiplatelet medications. CLEC-2 is gaining interest as a therapeutic target for a variety of thrombo-inflammatory disorders including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with treatment also predicted to cause minimal disruption to hemostasis. GPVI and CLEC-2 signal through Src, Syk and Tec family tyrosine kinases, providing additional strategies for inhibiting both receptors. In this review, we summarize the evidence regarding GPVI and CLEC-2 and strategies for inhibiting these receptors to inhibit platelet recruitment and activation in thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan H Harbi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Phillip L R Nicolson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust , Birmingham, UK
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Series J, Ribes A, Garcia C, Souleyreau P, Bauters A, Morschhauser F, Jürgensmeier JM, Sié P, Ysebaert L, Payrastre B. Effects of novel Btk and Syk inhibitors on platelet functions alone and in combination in vitro and in vivo. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3336-3351. [PMID: 32926549 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases downstream of the B-cell receptor, such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) or Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), used alone or in combination are new therapeutic options in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. A challenge in the development of second-generation Btk inhibitors is to limit their side effects such as the increased bleeding risk. Considering the pivotal role of Syk in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif mediated platelet signaling, the impact of inhibiting this kinase on platelet functions is also worth analyzing. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of a novel Btk inhibitor, tirabrutinib, and a Syk inhibitor, entospletinib, alone and in combination on platelet signaling and functions in vitro and ex vivo. METHODS Platelet aggregation, secretion, and signaling responses as well as thrombus growth under flow were analyzed in the presence of the inhibitors alone or in combination in vitro, at clinically relevant doses, and ex vivo in patients treated with these inhibitors in the context of a phase I trial. RESULTS Although tirabrutinib alone had modest effects on platelet activation in vitro and ex vivo, entospletinib alone efficiently inhibited washed platelet aggregation in response to collagen. However, entospletinib weakly affected platelet activation in platelet-rich plasma, in whole blood and ex vivo. Importantly, the combination of tirabrutinib and entospletinib induced a significant decrease in platelet response to collagen in vitro and ex vivo correlating with mild bleedings reported in some of the treated patients. CONCLUSION These new results should contribute to improve the safety of these targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Series
- Inserm, U1048, Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Agnès Ribes
- Inserm, U1048, Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Cédric Garcia
- Inserm, U1048, Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Pierre Souleyreau
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Anne Bauters
- Institut d'hématologie-transfusion, Laboratoire d'hémostase, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Sié
- Inserm, U1048, Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Service d'Hématologie IUCT-oncopôle, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm, U1048, Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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Barlaam B, Boiko S, Boyd S, Dry H, Gingipalli L, Ikeda T, Johnson T, Kawatkar S, Lorthioir O, Pike A, Pollard H, Read J, Su Q, Wang H, Wang H, Wang L, Wang P, Edmondson SD. Novel potent and selective pyrazolylpyrimidine-based SYK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127523. [PMID: 32877741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hybridisation of amino-pyrimidine based SYK inhibitors (e.g. 1a) with previously reported diamine-based SYK inhibitors (e.g. TAK-659) led to the identification and optimisation of a novel pyrimidine-based series of potent and selective SYK inhibitors, where the original aminomethylene group was replaced by a 3,4-diaminotetrahydropyran group. The initial compound 5 achieved excellent SYK potency. However, it suffered from poor permeability and modest kinase selectivity. Further modifications of the 3,4-diaminotetrahydropyran group were identified and the interactions of those groups with Asp512 were characterised by protein X-ray crystallography. Further optimisation of this series saw mixed results where permeability and kinase selectivity were increased and oral bioavailability was achieved in the series, but at the expense of potent hERG inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Boiko
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott Boyd
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Dry
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Timothy Ikeda
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tony Johnson
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andy Pike
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Pollard
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Read
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qibin Su
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haiyun Wang
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huimin Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Lianghe Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
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38
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Bigdelou P, Chan KK, Tang J, Yu KN, Whited J, Wang D, Lee MY, Sun XL. High-throughput multiplex assays with mouse macrophages on pillar plate platforms. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112243. [PMID: 32835658 PMCID: PMC7572780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to rapidly identify immune responses that reflect the state and capability of immune cells due to complex heterogeneity of immune cells and their plasticity to pathogens and modulating molecules. Thus, high-throughput and easy-to-use cell culture and analysis platforms are highly desired for characterizing complex immune responses and elucidating their underlying mechanisms as well. In response to this need, we have developed a micropillar chip and a 384-pillar plate, printed mouse macrophage, RAW 264.7 cell line in alginate on the pillar plate platforms, and established multiplex cell-based assays to rapidly measure cell viability, expression of cell surface markers, and secretion of cytokines upon stimulation with model compound, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as synthetic N-glycan polymers that mimic native glycoconjugates and could bind to lectin receptors on RAW 264.7 cells. Interestingly, changes in RAW 264.7 cell viability, expression levels of cell surface makers, and release of cytokines measured from the pillar plate platforms in the presence and absence of LPS were well correlated with those obtained from their counterpart, the 96-well plate with 2D-cultured macrophages. With this approach, we identified that α2,3-linked N-sialyllactose polymer has significant macrophage modulation activity among the N-glycan polymers tested. Therefore, we successfully demonstrated that our pillar plate platforms with 3D-cultured macrophages can streamline immune cell imaging and analysis in high throughput in response to compound stimulation. We envision that the pillar plate platforms could potentially be used for rapid characterization of immune cell responses and for screening immune cell-modulating molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Bigdelou
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Ka Keung Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, West 601, Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kyeong-Nam Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Joshua Whited
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
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Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, unmet medical needs in some areas still exist. One of the main therapeutic approaches to alleviate dysregulated inflammation has been to target the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators. Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have the potential for broad efficacy, convenience and tissue penetrance, and thus often offer important advantages over biologics. However, designing kinase inhibitors with target selectivity and minimal off-target effects can be challenging. Nevertheless, immense progress has been made in advancing kinase inhibitors with desirable drug-like properties into the clinic, including inhibitors of JAKs, IRAK4, RIPKs, BTK, SYK and TPL2. This Review will address the latest discoveries around kinase inhibitors with an emphasis on clinically validated autoimmunity and inflammatory pathways. Unmet medical needs in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases still exist. This Review discusses the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators and the recent advances in developing inhibitors to target such kinases.
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40
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Walker AR, Byrd JC, Blachly JS, Bhatnagar B, Mims AS, Orwick S, Lin TL, Crosswell HE, Zhang D, Minden MD, Munugalavadla V, Long L, Liu J, Pan Y, Oellerich T, Serve H, Rao AV, Blum WG. Entospletinib in Combination with Induction Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Response and Predictive Significance of HOXA9 and MEIS1 Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5852-5859. [PMID: 32820015 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signaling is a proposed target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sensitivity to SYK inhibition has been linked to HOXA9 and MEIS1 overexpression in preclinical studies. This trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of entospletinib, a selective inhibitor of SYK, in combination with chemotherapy in untreated AML. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was an international multicenter phase Ib/II study, entospletinib dose escalation (standard 3+3 design between 200 and 400 mg twice daily) + 7+3 (cytarabine + daunorubicin) in phase Ib and entospletinib dose expansion (400 mg twice daily) + 7+3 in phase II. RESULTS Fifty-three patients (n = 12, phase Ib and n = 41, phase II) with previously untreated de novo (n = 39) or secondary (n = 14) AML were enrolled (58% male; median age, 60 years) in this study. The composite complete response with entospletinib + 7+3 was 70%. Patients with baseline HOXA9 and MEIS1 expression higher than the median had improved overall survival compared with patients with below median HOXA9 and MEIS1 expression. Common adverse events were cytopenias, febrile neutropenia, and infection. There were no dose-limiting toxicities. Entospletinib-related skin rash and hyperbilirubinemia were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Entospletinib with intensive chemotherapy was well-tolerated in patients with AML. Improved survival was observed in patients with HOXA9/MEIS1 overexpression, contrasting published data demonstrating poor survival in such patients. A randomized study will be necessary to determine whether entospletinib was a mediator this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tara L Lin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | | | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jinfeng Liu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California
| | - Yang Pan
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arati V Rao
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California
| | - William G Blum
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cramer P, von Tresckow J, Eichhorst B, Hallek M. [Current diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2020; 145:1139-1144. [PMID: 32791549 DOI: 10.1055/a-1039-8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two major advances were made in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): the addition of the antibody rituximab to chemotherapy two decades ago and the introduction of the targeted agents during the last few years. Four targeted drugs with different mechanisms of action were added to the armamentarium of CLL treatment: the anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab, the two kinase inhibitors ibrutinib and idelalisib, which target the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Phosphatidylinositiol-3-Kinase (PI3K) respectively in the B-cell receptor signalling pathway, as well as the Bcl2-antagonist venetoclax.Recently, the combination of venetoclax/obinutuzumab was approved for the first-line treatment of all CLL patients based on a phase-III trial in elderly unfit patients. This combination was shown to be clearly superior to chlorambucil/obinutuzumab and should become the preferred first-line treatment for the so called "slow-go" patients. Other options for these elderly, unfit patients are continuous ibrutinib or chlorambucil/obinutuzumab. Although data from phase-III studies are not yet available, venetoclax/obintuzumab may also be offered to younger, fit patients. Established therapeutic options for these so called "go go" patients are ibrutinib, fludarabin/cyclophosphamide/rituximab or bendemustine/rituximab (if > 65 years). Patients with the high-risk parameters deletion 17p or TP53mutation are known to poorly respond to chemo(immuno)therapy and should receive either ibrutinib or venetoclax/obinutuzumab.Thus, a choice has to be made between a continuous monotherapy with ibrutinib or a time-limited combination with either venetoclax/obinutuzumab (12 months) or chemoimmunotherapy (usually 6 months). In addition to disease-related factors (e. g. presence of deletion 17p/TP53 mutation, IgHV mutational status, prior therapies), comorbidities, co-medication and the specific side effects of the CLL therapies (myelosuppression, infections and secondary malignancies for chemoimmunotherapy; cardiac toxicity, bleeding and autoimmune disease for ibrutinib; tumour-lysis syndromes and infections for venetoclax) the patient's expectations need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cramer
- Uniklink Köln, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Deutsche CLL Studiengruppe; Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln
| | - Julia von Tresckow
- Uniklink Köln, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Deutsche CLL Studiengruppe; Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln
| | - Barbara Eichhorst
- Uniklink Köln, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Deutsche CLL Studiengruppe; Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln
| | - Michael Hallek
- Uniklink Köln, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Deutsche CLL Studiengruppe; Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln
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Farooqui AA, Ashraf A, Farooq TB, Anjum A, Rehman SU, Akbar A, Kanate A, Dean R, Ahmed MQ, Tariq MJ, Nabeel S, Faisal MS, Anwer F. Novel Targeted Therapies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2020; 20:e414-e426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Alwithenani AI, Althubiti MA. Systematic Analysis of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Expression and its Clinical Outcomes in Various Cancers. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 8:95-104. [PMID: 32587490 PMCID: PMC7305679 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_300_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is an important enzyme in the proliferation and differentiation of all hematopoietic tissues. Its role as a cancer driver is well documented in liquid tumors; however, cumulative evidence has suggested an opposite role in other tumor types. Objectives: To systematically assess the expression of SYK, its prognostic value and epigenetic status in different cancers using bioinformatics tools. Methods: In this bioinformatics study, Oncomine database and cBioPortal were used to study the SYK gene expression, Kaplan–Meier plotter to study its prognostic value and MethHC to assess the SYK gene methylation in various cancers. Results: From 542 unique analyses of the SYK gene, it was found to be overexpressed in bladder, breast and colon cancers but downregulated in leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma. Compared with normal tissues, breast and brain tumors showed an overexpression of the SYK gene, whereas lymphoma and leukemia had lower expression. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that SYK expression in pancreatic, gastric, liver and lung patients were correlated with better overall survival. Using cBioPortal, prostate cancer was found to have the highest SYK gene mutation frequency, and the mean expression was highest in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia and thymoma. Using the MethHC database, SYK promoter hypermethylation was found to be significantly higher in breast, renal, liver, lung, pancreatic, prostatic, skin and stomach cancers compared with the normal tissue (P < 0.005). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the potential use of SYK as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for different type of cancers. However, further experimental data are required to validate these results before use of SYK in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram I Alwithenani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Althubiti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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44
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Zhang Y, Diamond SL. Src family kinases inhibition by dasatinib blocks initial and subsequent platelet deposition on collagen under flow, but lacks efficacy with thrombin generation. Thromb Res 2020; 192:141-151. [PMID: 32480168 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors can pose bleeding risks as platelet signaling evolves during clotting. Using microfluidics (200 s-1 wall shear rate) to perfuse Factor XIIa-inhibited or thrombin-inhibited whole blood (WB) over collagen ± tissue factor (TF), we explored the potency of the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor dasatinib or the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor GS-9973 present at clot initiation or added after 90 s (via rapid switch to inhibitor-pretreated WB). When initially present, dasatinib potently inhibited platelet deposition on collagen (no TF). Furthermore, dasatinib immediately inhibited subsequent platelet deposition when introduced 90 s after clot initiation. However, when thrombin was generated, dasatinib was markedly less potent against platelet deposition on collagen/TF (but blocked fibrin deposition) and had no effect when added 90 s after clot initiation. Similarly, dasatinib added at 90 s had no effect on clotting on collagen/TF when fibrin was also blocked with Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, indicating that strong thrombin-induced signaling (but not fibrin-induced signaling) can bypass the SFK inhibition at later times. The Syk inhibitor GS-9973 was less potent than dasatinib when present initially, but inhibited clot growth when added at 90 s, even in the presence of thrombin (±fibrin). Interestingly, the active form (R-406) of fostamatinib inhibits platelet function in only 2 0f 5 healthy blood samples. SFK-inhibitors may have reduced antithrombotic activity and reduced bleeding risks in settings of high TF and local thrombin generation. For oncology patients, SFK-inhibitors like dasatinib may have reduced antithrombotic activity and reduced bleeding risk in settings of local thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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45
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Mechanisms of B Cell Receptor Activation and Responses to B Cell Receptor Inhibitors in B Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061396. [PMID: 32481736 PMCID: PMC7352865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The B cell receptor (BCR) pathway has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in a number of common B cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. This finding has resulted in the development of numerous drugs that target this pathway, including various inhibitors of the kinases BTK, PI3K, and SYK. Several of these drugs have been approved in recent years for clinical use, resulting in a profound change in the way these diseases are currently being treated. However, the response rates and durability of responses vary largely across the different disease entities, suggesting a different proportion of patients with an activated BCR pathway and different mechanisms of BCR pathway activation. Indeed, several antigen-dependent and antigen-independent mechanisms have recently been described and shown to result in the activation of distinct downstream signaling pathways. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the mechanisms responsible for the activation of the BCR pathway in different B cell malignancies and to correlate these mechanisms with clinical responses to treatment with BCR inhibitors.
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46
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Gordon LI, Kaplan JB, Popat R, Burris HA, Ferrari S, Madan S, Patel MR, Gritti G, El-Sharkawi D, Chau I, Radford JA, Pérez de Oteyza J, Zinzani PL, Iyer S, Townsend W, Karmali R, Miao H, Proscurshim I, Wang S, Wu Y, Stumpo K, Shou Y, Carpio C, Bosch F. Phase I Study of TAK-659, an Investigational, Dual SYK/FLT3 Inhibitor, in Patients with B-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3546-3556. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Blomgren P, Chandrasekhar J, Di Paolo JA, Fung W, Geng G, Ip C, Jones R, Kropf JE, Lansdon EB, Lee S, Lo JR, Mitchell SA, Murray B, Pohlmeyer C, Schmitt A, Suekawa-Pirrone K, Wise S, Xiong JM, Xu J, Yu H, Zhao Z, Currie KS. Discovery of Lanraplenib (GS-9876): A Once-Daily Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for Autoimmune Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:506-513. [PMID: 32292557 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a critical regulator of signaling in a variety of immune cell types such as B-cells, monocytes, and macrophages. Accordingly, there have been numerous efforts to identify compounds that selectively inhibit SYK as a means to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We previously disclosed GS-9973 (entospletinib) as a selective SYK inhibitor that is under clinical evaluation in hematological malignancies. However, a BID dosing regimen and drug interaction with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) prevented development of entospletinib in inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report the discovery of a second-generation SYK inhibitor, GS-9876 (lanraplenib), which has human pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once-daily administration and is devoid of any interactions with PPI. Lanraplenib is currently under clinical evaluation in multiple autoimmune indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Blomgren
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | - Julie A. Di Paolo
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Wanchi Fung
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Guoju Geng
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Carmen Ip
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Randall Jones
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Kropf
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Eric B. Lansdon
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Seung Lee
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Lo
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Scott A. Mitchell
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Bernard Murray
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Chris Pohlmeyer
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Aaron Schmitt
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | - Sarah Wise
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Xiong
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Helen Yu
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Zhongdong Zhao
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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48
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Kurniawan DW, Storm G, Prakash J, Bansal R. Role of spleen tyrosine kinase in liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1005-1019. [PMID: 32205992 PMCID: PMC7081001 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i10.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in most hematopoietic cells and non-hematopoietic cells and play a crucial role in both immune and non-immune biological responses. SYK mediate diverse cellular responses via an immune-receptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)-dependent signalling pathways, ITAMs-independent and ITAMs-semi-dependent signalling pathways. In liver, SYK expression has been observed in parenchymal (hepatocytes) and non-parenchymal cells (hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells), and found to be positively correlated with the disease severity. The implication of SYK pathway has been reported in different liver diseases including liver fibrosis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antagonism of SYK pathway using kinase inhibitors have shown to attenuate the progression of liver diseases thereby suggesting SYK as a highly promising therapeutic target. This review summarizes the current understanding of SYK and its therapeutic implication in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhadhang Wahyu Kurniawan
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto 53132, Indonesia
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht 3454, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500, the Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede 7500, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Enschede 7500, the Netherlands
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49
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Kittaka M, Yoshimoto T, Schlosser C, Rottapel R, Kajiya M, Kurihara H, Reichenberger EJ, Ueki Y. Alveolar Bone Protection by Targeting the SH3BP2-SYK Axis in Osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:382-395. [PMID: 31613396 PMCID: PMC7012678 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory condition of the oral cavity where tooth-supporting tissues including alveolar bone are destructed. Previously, we have shown that the adaptor protein SH3-domain binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) plays a critical role in inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis of myeloid lineage cells through spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). In this study, we show that SH3BP2 is a novel regulator for alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis. Micro-CT analysis of SH3BP2-deficient (Sh3bp2 -/- ) mice challenged with ligature-induced periodontitis revealed that Sh3bp2 -/- mice develop decreased alveolar bone loss (male 14.9% ± 10.2%; female 19.0% ± 6.0%) compared with wild-type control mice (male 25.3% ± 5.8%; female 30.8% ± 5.8%). Lack of SH3BP2 did not change the inflammatory cytokine expression and osteoclast induction. Conditional knockout of SH3BP2 and SYK in myeloid lineage cells with LysM-Cre mice recapitulated the reduced bone loss without affecting both inflammatory cytokine expression and osteoclast induction, suggesting that the SH3BP2-SYK axis plays a key role in regulating alveolar bone loss by mechanisms that regulate the bone-resorbing function of osteoclasts rather than differentiation. Administration of a new SYK inhibitor GS-9973 before or after periodontitis induction reduced bone resorption without affecting inflammatory reaction in gingival tissues. In vitro, GS-9973 treatment of bone marrow-derived M-CSF-dependent macrophages suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclast formation with decreased mineral resorption capacity even when GS-9973 was added after RANKL stimulation. Thus, the data suggest that SH3BP2-SYK is a novel signaling axis for regulating alveolar bone loss in periodontitis and that SYK can be a potential therapeutic target to suppress alveolar bone resorption in periodontal diseases. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kittaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Collin Schlosser
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ernst J Reichenberger
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yasuyoshi Ueki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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50
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Munshi M, Liu X, Chen JG, Xu L, Tsakmaklis N, Demos MG, Kofides A, Guerrera ML, Jimenez C, Chan GG, Hunter ZR, Palomba ML, Argyropoulos KV, Meid K, Keezer A, Gustine J, Dubeau T, Castillo JJ, Patterson CJ, Wang J, Buhrlage SJ, Gray NS, Treon SP, Yang G. SYK is activated by mutated MYD88 and drives pro-survival signaling in MYD88 driven B-cell lymphomas. Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:12. [PMID: 32005797 PMCID: PMC6994488 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-0277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating MYD88 mutations promote pro-survival signaling through BTK and HCK, both targets of ibrutinib. Despite high response rates, complete responses to ibrutinib are lacking, and other MYD88 triggered pro-survival pathways may contribute to primary drug resistance. B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling has been observed in lymphomas driven by mutated MYD88, even without activating the BCR pathway mutations. We identified activated SYK (p-SYK), a component of BCR in complex with MYD88 in MYD88-mutated WM and ABC DLBCL lymphoma cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed co-localization of MYD88 with SYK in MYD88-mutated cells. Knockdown of MYD88 or use of a MYD88 signaling inhibitor abrogated SYK activation, while expression of mutated but not wild-type MYD88 amplified p-SYK in MYD88-mutated and wild-type lymphoma cells. Knockdown of SYK or use of inhibitors targeting SYK blocked p-STAT3 and p-AKT signaling in MYD88-mutated cells. Cell viability analysis showed that combining ibrutinib and SYK inhibitors triggered synthetic killing of MYD88-mutated lymphoma cells. Our findings extend the spectrum of mutated MYD88 pro-survival signaling to include SYK directed BCR cross talk in MYD88-mutated lymphomas. Targeting SYK in combination with ibrutinib produces synthetic lethality, providing a framework for the clinical investigation of ibrutinib with SYK inhibitors in MYD88-mutated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manit Munshi
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaji G Chen
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lian Xu
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nickolas Tsakmaklis
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria G Demos
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Kofides
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Guerrera
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Jimenez
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria G Chan
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary R Hunter
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Lia Palomba
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kirsten Meid
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Keezer
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Gustine
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toni Dubeau
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge J Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Patterson
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Guang Yang
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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