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Kim W, Kim M, Kim B. Unraveling the enigma: housekeeping gene Ugt1a7c as a universal biomarker for microglia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1364201. [PMID: 38666091 PMCID: PMC11043603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, brain resident macrophages, play multiple roles in maintaining homeostasis, including immunity, surveillance, and protecting the central nervous system through their distinct activation processes. Identifying all types of microglia-driven populations is crucial due to the presence of various phenotypes that differ based on developmental stages or activation states. During embryonic development, the E8.5 yolk sac contains erythromyeloid progenitors that go through different growth phases, eventually resulting in the formation of microglia. In addition, microglia are present in neurological diseases as a diverse population. So far, no individual biomarker for microglia has been discovered that can accurately identify and monitor their development and attributes. Summary Here, we highlight the newly defined biomarker of mouse microglia, UGT1A7C, which exhibits superior stability in expression during microglia development and activation compared to other known microglia biomarkers. The UGT1A7C sensing chemical probe labels all microglia in the 3xTG AD mouse model. The expression of Ugt1a7c is stable during development, with only a 4-fold variation, while other microglia biomarkers, such as Csf1r and Cx3cr1, exhibit at least a 10-fold difference. The UGT1A7C expression remains constant throughout its lifespan. In addition, the expression and activity of UGT1A7C are the same in response to different types of inflammatory activators' treatment in vitro. Conclusion We propose employing UGT1A7C as the representative biomarker for microglia, irrespective of their developmental state, age, or activation status. Using UGT1A7C can reduce the requirement for using multiple biomarkers, enhance the precision of microglia analysis, and even be utilized as a standard for gene/protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beomsue Kim
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zhou Y, Dong J, Wang M, Liu Y. New insights of platelet endocytosis and its implication for platelet function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1308170. [PMID: 38264257 PMCID: PMC10803655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1308170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis constitutes a cellular process in which cells selectively encapsulate surface substances into endocytic vesicles, also known as endosomes, thereby modulating their interaction with the environment. Platelets, as pivotal hematologic elements, play a crucial role not only in regulating coagulation and thrombus formation but also in facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. Functioning as critical components in the circulatory system, platelets can internalize various endosomal compartments, such as surface receptors, extracellular proteins, small molecules, and pathogens, from the extracellular environment through diverse endocytic pathways, including pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. We summarize recent advancements in platelet endocytosis, encompassing the catalog of cargoes, regulatory mechanisms, and internal trafficking routes. Furthermore, we describe the influence of endocytosis on platelet regulatory functions and related physiological and pathological processes, aiming to offer foundational insights for future research into platelet endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Etemad M, Christodoulou F, Uhlig S, Hassel JC, Schrotz-King P, Brenner H, Ulrich CM, Bieback K, Klüter H, Bugert P. C-Type Lectin-like Receptor 2 Expression Is Decreased upon Platelet Activation and Is Lower in Most Tumor Entities Compared to Healthy Controls. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5514. [PMID: 38067218 PMCID: PMC10705117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is expressed on platelets and mediates binding to podoplanin (PDPN) on various cell types. The binding to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) leads to platelet activation and promotes metastatic spread. An increased level of soluble CLEC-2 (sCLEC-2), presumably released from activated platelets, was shown in patients with thromboinflammatory and malignant disease. However, the functional role of sCLEC-2 and the mechanism of sCLEC-2 release are not known. In this study, we focused on the effect of platelet activation on CLEC-2 expression and the sCLEC-2 plasma level in patients with cancer. First, citrated blood from healthy volunteer donors (n = 20) was used to measure the effect of platelet stimulation by classical agonists and PDPN on aggregation, CLEC-2 expression on platelets with flow cytometry, sCLEC-2 release to the plasma with ELISA and total CLEC-2 expression with Western blot analysis. Second, sCLEC-2 was determined in plasma samples from healthy donors (285) and patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC; 194), melanoma (160), breast cancer (BC; 99) or glioblastoma (49). PDPN caused a significant increase in the aggregation response induced by classical agonists. ADP or PDPN stimulation of platelets caused a significant decrease in CLEC-2 on platelets and sCLEC-2 in the plasma, whereas total CLEC-2 in platelet lysates remained the same. Thus, the increased plasma level of sCLEC-2 is not a suitable biomarker of platelet activation. In patients with CRC (median 0.9 ng/mL), melanoma (0.9 ng/mL) or BC (0.7 ng/mL), we found significantly lower sCLEC-2 levels (p < 0.0001), whereas patients with glioblastoma displayed higher levels (2.6 ng/mL; p = 0.0233) compared to healthy controls (2.1 ng/mL). The low sCLEC-2 plasma level observed in most of the tumor entities of our study presumably results from the internalization of sCLEC-2 by activated platelets or binding of sCLEC-2 to CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Etemad
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Foteini Christodoulou
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Uhlig
- Flow Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Karen Bieback
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Flow Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Wichaiyo S, Svasti S, Maiuthed A, Rukthong P, Goli AS, Morales NP. Dasatinib Ointment Promotes Healing of Murine Excisional Skin Wound. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1015-1027. [PMID: 37470022 PMCID: PMC10353058 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to produce anti-inflammatory activity and impair vascular integrity in vivo, including during skin wound healing, potentially promoting the repair process. Given that dasatinib is a lipophilic small molecule capable of penetrating skin, topical dasatinib might provide benefits in wound healing. In the present study, we investigated the impact of dasatinib ointments in skin wound healing in mice. A full thickness excisional skin wound (4 mm diameter) was generated on the shaved dorsum of eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Dasatinib ointment (0.1 or 0.2% w/w) or ointment base was applied twice daily (every 12 h) for 10 days. Elizabethan collars were used to prevent animal licking. The wound size was monitored daily for 14 days. The results showed that dasatinib ointments, particularly 0.1% dasatinib, promoted a 16-23% reduction in wound size (p < 0.05) during day 2 to day 6 postinjury compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry analyses demonstrated a reduction in wound neutrophils (38% reduction, p = 0.04), macrophages (47% reduction, p = 0.005), and tumor necrosis factor-α levels (73% reduction, p < 0.01), together with an induction of vascular leakage-mediated fibrin(ogen) accumulation (2.5-fold increase, p < 0.01) in the wound during day 3 postinjury (an early phase of repair) in 0.1% dasatinib-treated mice relative to control mice. The anti-inflammatory and vascular hyperpermeability activities of dasatinib were associated with an enhanced healing process, including increased keratinocyte proliferation (1.8-fold increase in Ki67+ cells, p < 0.05) and augmented angiogenesis (1.7-fold increase in CD31+ area, p < 0.05), compared to the ointment base-treated group. Following treatment with 0.2% dasatinib ointment, minor wound bleeding and scab reformation were observed during the late phase, which contributed to delayed healing. In conclusion, our data suggest that dasatinib ointment, mainly at 0.1%, promotes the repair process by reducing inflammation and producing a local and temporal vascular leakage, leading to an increase in fibrin(ogen) deposition, re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis. Therefore, topical dasatinib might be a potential novel candidate to facilitate skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Wichaiyo
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre
of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia
Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon
Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Arnatchai Maiuthed
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre
of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattarawit Rukthong
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Arman Syah Goli
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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5
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Su W, Chen X, Zhang W, Li D, Chen X, Yu D. Therapeutic targets and signaling mechanisms of dasatinib activity against radiation skin ulcer. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1031038. [PMID: 36530656 PMCID: PMC9749824 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1031038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To reveal the potential targets and signaling pathways of dasatinib in the treatment of radiation ulcers through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods Pathological targets of radiation ulcers were screened using GeneCards database. At the same time, the pharmacological targets of dasatinib were obtained through SwissTargetPrediction (STP), Binding DB and Drugbank databases. Subsequently, the potential targets of dasatinib for anti-radiation ulcers were obtained after intersection by Venn diagram. Next, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed through the STRING database and core targets were screened. Finally, the identified core targets were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, co-expression network analysis, and molecular docking technology to verify the reliability of the core targets. Results A total of 76 potential targets for anti-radiation ulcer with dasatinib were obtained, and 6 core targets were screened, including EGFR, ERBB2, FYN, JAK2, KIT, and SRC. These genes were mainly enriched in Adherens junction, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, Focal adhesion, Bladder cancer and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that dasatinib binds well to the core target. Conclusion Dasatinib may play a role in the treatment of radiation ulcers by regulating EGFR, ERBB2, FYN, JAK2, KIT, and SRC. These core targets may provide new insights for follow-up studies of radiation ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Su
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China,Department of Cosmetic Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dazhuang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Dazhuang Li
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China,School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,Xiaoming Chen
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China,School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Daojiang Yu
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6
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Shao B, Hoover C, Shi H, Kondo Y, Lee RH, Chen J, Shan X, Song J, McDaniel JM, Zhou M, McGee S, Vanhoorelbeke K, Bergmeier W, López JA, George JN, Xia L. Deletion of platelet CLEC-2 decreases GPIbα-mediated integrin αIIbβ3 activation and decreases thrombosis in TTP. Blood 2022; 139:2523-2533. [PMID: 35157766 PMCID: PMC9029097 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular thrombosis in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is initiated by GPIbα-mediated platelet binding to von Willebrand factor (VWF). Binding of VWF to GPIbα causes activation of the platelet surface integrin αIIbβ3. However, the mechanism of GPIbα-initiated activation of αIIbβ3 and its clinical importance for microvascular thrombosis remain elusive. Deletion of platelet C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) did not prevent VWF binding to platelets but specifically inhibited platelet aggregation induced by VWF binding in mice. Deletion of platelet CLEC-2 also inhibited αIIbβ3 activation induced by the binding of VWF to GPIbα. Using a mouse model of TTP, which was created by infusion of anti-mouse ADAMTS13 monoclonal antibodies followed by infusion of VWF, we found that deletion of platelet CLEC-2 decreased pulmonary arterial thrombosis and the severity of thrombocytopenia. Importantly, prophylactic oral administration of aspirin, an inhibitor of platelet activation, and therapeutic treatment of the TTP mice with eptifibatide, an integrin αIIbβ3 antagonist, reduced pulmonary arterial thrombosis in the TTP mouse model. Our observations demonstrate that GPIbα-mediated activation of integrin αIIbβ3 plays an important role in the formation of thrombosis in TTP. These observations suggest that prevention of platelet activation with aspirin may reduce the risk for thrombosis in patients with TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Huiping Shi
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Robert H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Xindi Shan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jianhua Song
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Meixiang Zhou
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium; and
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - James N George
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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7
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Whiteheart SW. Platelet-HIV: interactions and their implications. Platelets 2022; 33:208-211. [PMID: 35086429 PMCID: PMC8881393 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.2019695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While it is clear that platelets interact with viruses, the ramifications and mechanisms of those interactions are still being defined for each type of viral infection. HIV/AIDS+ represents a potentially unique example of how viremia affects platelets since the increasing efficacy of antiretroviral therapeutics (ART) has made it a chronic disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this opinion article, we discuss some of the open questions about how platelets interact with HIV. What happens to a virion once it binds a platelet? What is the nature of virus-induced platelet activation? Are platelets a normal part of the immune response to viremia that has been co-opted to increase the spread of HIV? The answers to these and similar questions will help define how platelet-directed therapeutics might be used in treating HIV/AIDS+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington KY, USA,Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA,To whom correspondence should be directed: Sidney W. Whiteheart, Ph.D., Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, B361 BBSRB, 741 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA, Tel: 859-257-4882, Fax: 859-257-2283,
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8
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Wichaiyo S, Svasti S, Supharattanasitthi W, Morales NP. Dasatinib induces loss of vascular integrity and promotes cutaneous wound repair in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:3154-3167. [PMID: 34402195 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bleeding due to depletion of platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) has been proposed as a potential novel mechanism to promote skin wound healing. Dasatinib inhibits a broad range of tyrosine kinases, including Src and Syk, the signaling molecules downstream of GPVI and CLEC-2. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether dasatinib affects skin wound healing. METHODS A single (4-mm diameter) full-thickness excisional skin wound was generated in mice. Dasatinib (5 or 10 mg/kg) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle was intraperitoneally injected daily during the first 4 days. The wound was monitored over 9 days post injury. RESULTS Dasatinib induced loss of vascular integrity during the inflammatory phase of wound repair (day 1 to day 3 post injury), which was associated with the inhibition of platelet function stimulated by collagen and rhodocytin, the ligands for GPVI and CLEC-2, respectively. Dasatinib-treated mice, particularly at 5 mg/kg, exhibited accelerated wound closure compared to DMSO-treated controls. Transient bleeding into the wound during the inflammatory phase in dasatinib-treated mice allowed for extravasation of fibrinogen. The increased deposition of fibrinogen and fibrin in the wound on day 3 post injury was associated with the augmented progression of re-epithelialization and angiogenesis, attenuated infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that dasatinib promotes skin wound healing, and the mechanisms include blocking GPVI- and CLEC-2-mediated platelet activation, leading to self-limited inflammatory bleeding and fibrinogen/fibrin deposition, in association with reduced inflammation, increased re-epithelialization, and enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Wichaiyo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasu Supharattanasitthi
- Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Martin EM, Zuidscherwoude M, Morán LA, Di Y, García A, Watson SP. The structure of CLEC-2: mechanisms of dimerization and higher-order clustering. Platelets 2021; 32:733-743. [PMID: 33819136 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1906407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The platelet C-type lectin-like receptor CLEC-2 drives inflammation-driven venous thrombosis in mouse models of thrombo-inflammatory disease with a minimal effect on hemostasis identifying it as a target for a new class of antiplatelet agent. Here, we discuss how the protein structure and dynamic arrangement of CLEC-2 on the platelet membrane helps the receptor, which has a single YxxL motif (known as a hemITAM), to trigger intracellular signaling. CLEC-2 exists as a monomer and homo-dimer within resting platelets and forms higher-order oligomers following ligand activation, a process that is mediated by the multivalent nature of its ligands and the binding of the tandem SH2 domains of Syk to the phosphorylated hemITAM and concomitantly to PIP2 or PIP3 to localize it to the membrane. We propose that a low level of active Syk is present at the membrane in resting platelets due to phosphorylation by Src family kinases and that clustering of receptors disturbs the equilibrium between kinases and phosphatases, triggering phosphorylation of the CLEC-2 hemITAM and recruitment of Syk. Knowledge of the structure of CLEC-2 and the mechanism of platelet activation has important implications for development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleyna M Martin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
| | - Malou Zuidscherwoude
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
| | - Luis A Morán
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade De Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
| | - Angel García
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade De Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands
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10
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Hemostasis vs. homeostasis: Platelets are essential for preserving vascular barrier function in the absence of injury or inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24316-24325. [PMID: 32929010 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007642117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are best known for their vasoprotective responses to injury and inflammation. Here, we have asked whether they also support vascular integrity when neither injury nor inflammation is present. Changes in vascular barrier function in dermal and meningeal vessels were measured in real time in mouse models using the differential extravasation of fluorescent tracers as a biomarker. Severe thrombocytopenia produced by two distinct methods caused increased extravasation of 40-kDa dextran from capillaries and postcapillary venules but had no effect on extravasation of 70-kDa dextran or albumin. This reduction in barrier function required more than 4 h to emerge after thrombocytopenia was established, reverting to normal as the platelet count recovered. Barrier dysfunction was also observed in mice that lacked platelet-dense granules, dense granule secretion machinery, glycoprotein (GP) VI, or the GPVI signaling effector phospholipase C (PLC) γ2. It did not occur in mice lacking α-granules, C type lectin receptor-2 (CLEC-2), or protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4). Notably, although both meningeal and dermal vessels were affected, intracerebral vessels, which are known for their tighter junctions between endothelial cells, were not. Collectively, these observations 1) highlight a role for platelets in maintaining vascular homeostasis in the absence of injury or inflammation, 2) provide a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in platelet-dependent barrier function, 3) identify which platelet processes are required, and 4) suggest that the absence of competent platelets causes changes in the vessel wall itself, accounting for the time required for dysfunction to emerge.
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11
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Jurga AM, Paleczna M, Kuter KZ. Overview of General and Discriminating Markers of Differential Microglia Phenotypes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:198. [PMID: 32848611 PMCID: PMC7424058 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes and microglia activation accompany most of the pathophysiological diseases in the central nervous system. It is proven that glial pathology precedes and even drives the development of multiple neurodegenerative conditions. A growing number of studies point out the importance of microglia in brain development as well as in physiological functioning. These resident brain immune cells are divergent from the peripherally infiltrated macrophages, but their precise in situ discrimination is surprisingly difficult. Microglial heterogeneity in the brain is especially visible in their morphology and cell density in particular brain structures but also in the expression of cellular markers. This often determines their role in physiology or pathology of brain functioning. The species differences between rodent and human markers add complexity to the whole picture. Furthermore, due to activation, microglia show a broad spectrum of phenotypes ranging from the pro-inflammatory, potentially cytotoxic M1 to the anti-inflammatory, scavenging, and regenerative M2. A precise distinction of specific phenotypes is nowadays essential to study microglial functions and tissue state in such a quickly changing environment. Due to the overwhelming amount of data on multiple sets of markers that is available for such studies, the choice of appropriate markers is a scientific challenge. This review gathers, classifies, and describes known and recently discovered protein markers expressed by microglial cells in their different phenotypes. The presented microglia markers include qualitative and semi-quantitative, general and specific, surface and intracellular proteins, as well as secreted molecules. The information provided here creates a comprehensive and practical guide through the current knowledge and will facilitate the choosing of proper, more specific markers for detailed studies on microglia and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in various physiological as well as pathological conditions. Both basic research and clinical medicine need clearly described and validated molecular markers of microglia phenotype, which are essential in diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of diseases engaging glia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Jurga
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martyna Paleczna
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Z Kuter
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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12
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Nicolson PL, Welsh JD, Chauhan A, Thomas MR, Kahn ML, Watson SP. A rationale for blocking thromboinflammation in COVID-19 with Btk inhibitors. Platelets 2020; 31:685-690. [PMID: 32552307 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1775189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Lr Nicolson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - John D Welsh
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham , The Midlands, UK
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13
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Haining EJ, Lowe KL, Wichaiyo S, Kataru RP, Nagy Z, Kavanagh DP, Lax S, Di Y, Nieswandt B, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Mehrara BJ, Senis YA, Rayes J, Watson SP. Lymphatic blood filling in CLEC-2-deficient mouse models. Platelets 2020; 32:352-367. [PMID: 32129691 PMCID: PMC8443399 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1734784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is considered as a potential drug target in settings of wound healing, inflammation, and infection. A potential barrier to this is evidence that CLEC-2 and its ligand podoplanin play a critical role in preventing lymphatic vessel blood filling in mice throughout life. In this study, this aspect of CLEC-2/podoplanin function is investigated in more detail using new and established mouse models of CLEC-2 and podoplanin deficiency, and models of acute and chronic vascular remodeling. We report that CLEC-2 expression on platelets is not required to maintain a barrier between the blood and lymphatic systems in unchallenged mice, post-development. However, under certain conditions of chronic vascular remodeling, such as during tumorigenesis, deficiency in CLEC-2 can lead to lymphatic vessel blood filling. These data provide a new understanding of the function of CLEC-2 in adult mice and confirm the essential nature of CLEC-2-driven platelet activation in vascular developmental programs. This work expands our understanding of how lymphatic blood filling is prevented by CLEC-2-dependent platelet function and provides a context for the development of safe targeting strategies for CLEC-2 and podoplanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Haining
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate L Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Surasak Wichaiyo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dean Pj Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sian Lax
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg and University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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14
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Fei M, Xiang L, Chai X, Jin J, You T, Zhao Y, Ruan C, Hao Y, Zhu L. Plasma soluble C-type lectin-like receptor-2 is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease. Front Med 2019; 14:81-90. [PMID: 31280468 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) plays an important role in atherothrombosis. In this case-control study, we investigated the association between CLEC-2 and incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 216 patients, including 14 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP, non-ACS) and 202 cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 89 non-CAD control subjects were enrolled. Plasma levels of soluble CLEC-2 (sCLEC-2) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group (65.69 (55.36-143.22) pg/mL), the plasma levels of sCLEC-2 were significantly increased in patients with CAD (133.67 (88.76-220.09) pg/mL) and ACS (134.16 (88.88-225.81) pg/mL). The multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of CAD reached 2.01 (1.52-2.66) (Ptrend < 0.001) for each 1-quartile increase in sCLEC-2. Restricted cubic splines showed a positive dose-response association between sCLEC2 and CAD incidence (Plinearity < 0.001). The addition of sCLEC-2 to conventional risk factors improved the C statistic (0.821 vs. 0.761, P = 0.004) and reclassification ability (net reclassification improvement: 57.45%, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement: 8.27%, P < 0.001) for CAD. In conclusion, high plasma sCLEC-2 is independently associated with CAD risk, and the prognostic value of sCLEC-2 may be evaluated in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fei
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xichen Chai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jingchun Jin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tao You
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yiwen Hao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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15
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Rayes J, Watson SP, Nieswandt B. Functional significance of the platelet immune receptors GPVI and CLEC-2. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:12-23. [PMID: 30601137 DOI: 10.1172/jci122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets are best known for their role in hemostasis, they are also crucial in development, host defense, inflammation, and tissue repair. Many of these roles are regulated by the immune-like receptors glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin receptor 2 (CLEC-2), which signal through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). GPVI is activated by collagen in the subendothelial matrix, by fibrin and fibrinogen in the thrombus, and by a remarkable number of other ligands. CLEC-2 is activated by the transmembrane protein podoplanin, which is found outside of the vasculature and is upregulated in development, inflammation, and cancer, but there is also evidence for additional ligands. In this Review, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of CLEC-2 and GPVI and their potential as targets in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory disorders (i.e., disorders in which inflammation plays a critical role in the ensuing thrombosis) relative to current antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Schlesinger M. Role of platelets and platelet receptors in cancer metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:125. [PMID: 30305116 PMCID: PMC6180572 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with platelets is a prerequisite for successful hematogenous metastatic dissemination. Upon tumor cell arrival in the blood, tumor cells immediately activate platelets to form a permissive microenvironment. Platelets protect tumor cells from shear forces and assault of NK cells, recruit myeloid cells by secretion of chemokines, and mediate an arrest of the tumor cell platelet embolus at the vascular wall. Subsequently, platelet-derived growth factors confer a mesenchymal-like phenotype to tumor cells and open the capillary endothelium to expedite extravasation in distant organs. Finally, platelet-secreted growth factors stimulate tumor cell proliferation to micrometastatic foci. This review provides a synopsis on the current literature on platelet-mediated effects in cancer metastasis and particularly focuses on platelet adhesion receptors and their role in metastasis. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and hemi ITAM (hemITAM) comprising receptors, especially, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), FcγRIIa, and C-type lectin-like-2 receptor (CLEC-2) are turned in the spotlight since several new mechanisms and contributions to metastasis have been attributed to this family of platelet receptors in the last years.
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17
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Suzuki-Inoue K. Roles of the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction in tumor progression. Platelets 2018; 29:1-7. [PMID: 29863945 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1478401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Podoplanin is a type-I transmembrane sialomucin-like glycoprotein expressed on the surface of several kinds of tumor cells. The podoplanin receptor is a platelet activation receptor known as C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), which has been identified as a receptor for the platelet-activating snake venom protein rhodocytin. CLEC-2 is highly expressed in platelets and megakaryocytes and expressed at lower levels in liver Kupffer cells. Podoplanin is expressed in certain types of tumor cells, including squamous cell carcinomas, seminomas, and brain tumors. Podoplanin is also expressed in a wide range of normal cells, including fibroblastic reticular cells in lymph nodes, kidney podocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells, but not vascular endothelial cells. Metastasis of podoplanin-positive lung tumors injected from the tail vein is greatly inhibited in CLEC-2-depleted mice or in anti-podoplanin antibody-treated mice. These findings suggest that the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction facilitates hematogenous tumor metastasis. Platelets may increase the survival of tumor cells by covering tumor cells and physically protecting them from shear stress or immune cells in the bloodstream. Alternatively, platelets may stimulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells to facilitate their extravasation from blood vessels. Cell proliferation is stimulated in podoplanin-expressing tumor cells by the coculture with platelets, but the effects of the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction on tumor growth in vivo are not yet resolved. It is possible that the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction facilitates tumor-related thrombosis, subsequent inflammation, inflammation-induced cachexia, and reduced survival. Considering these findings, anti-podoplanin and anti-CLEC-2 drugs are promising therapies for the prevention of tumor metastasis, progression, and tumor-related symptoms, which may result in longer survival in cancer patients. There are advantages and disadvantages of anti-podoplanin vs. anti-CLEC-2 therapy. Side effects in podoplanin-expressing normal tissues due to treatment with anti-podoplanin and temporal thrombocytopenia due to treatment with anti-CLEC2 are potential problems, although solutions to these problems have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- a Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Yamanashi , Yamanashi , Japan
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18
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Platelets play an essential role in murine lung development through Clec-2/podoplanin interaction. Blood 2018; 132:1167-1179. [PMID: 29853539 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-823369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets participate in not only thrombosis and hemostasis but also other pathophysiological processes, including tumor metastasis and inflammation. However, the putative role of platelets in the development of solid organs has not yet been described. Here, we report that platelets regulate lung development through the interaction between the platelet-activation receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (Clec-2; encoded by Clec1b), and its ligand, podoplanin, a membrane protein. Clec-2 deletion in mouse platelets led to lung malformation, which caused respiratory failure and neonatal lethality. In these embryos, α-smooth muscle actin-positive alveolar duct myofibroblasts (adMYFs) were almost absent in the primary alveolar septa, which resulted in loss of alveolar elastic fibers and lung malformation. Our data suggest that the lack of adMYFs is caused by abnormal differentiation of lung mesothelial cells (luMCs), the major progenitor of adMYFs. In the developing lung, podoplanin expression is detected in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), luMCs, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). LEC-specific podoplanin knockout mice showed neonatal lethality and Clec1b-/--like lung developmental abnormalities. Notably, these Clec1b-/--like lung abnormalities were also observed after thrombocytopenia or transforming growth factor-β depletion in fetuses. We propose that the interaction between Clec-2 on platelets and podoplanin on LECs stimulates adMYF differentiation of luMCs through transforming growth factor-β signaling, thus regulating normal lung development.
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19
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Cathelicidins prime platelets to mediate arterial thrombosis and tissue inflammation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1523. [PMID: 29670076 PMCID: PMC5906636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte-released antimicrobial peptides contribute to pathogen elimination and activation of the immune system. Their role in thrombosis is incompletely understood. Here we show that the cathelicidin LL-37 is abundant in thrombi from patients with acute myocardial infarction. Its mouse homologue, CRAMP, is present in mouse arterial thrombi following vascular injury, and derives mainly from circulating neutrophils. Absence of hematopoietic CRAMP in bone marrow chimeric mice reduces platelet recruitment and thrombus formation. Both LL-37 and CRAMP induce platelet activation in vitro by involving glycoprotein VI receptor with downstream signaling through protein tyrosine kinases Src/Syk and phospholipase C. In addition to acute thrombosis, LL-37/CRAMP-dependent platelet activation fosters platelet–neutrophil interactions in other inflammatory conditions by modulating the recruitment and extravasation of neutrophils into tissues. Absence of CRAMP abrogates acid-induced lung injury, a mouse pneumonia model that is dependent on platelet–neutrophil interactions. We suggest that LL-37/CRAMP represents an important mediator of platelet activation and thrombo-inflammation. Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides that eliminate pathogens and contribute to the innate immune response. Here the authors show that neutrophil-derived LL-37/CRAMP induces platelet activation and promotes arterial thrombosis and thrombo-inflammation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although platelet endocytosis has been recognized in granule cargo loading and the trafficking of several platelet surface receptors, its acute physiological relevance is poorly understood as is its mechanism. The present review discusses the current understanding of platelet endocytosis and its implications for platelet function. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies are beginning to identify and define the proteins that mediate platelet endocytosis. These studies have shown that platelets contain different endosomal compartments and may use multiple endocytic routes to take in circulating molecules and surface proteins. The studies have also shown that platelet endocytosis is involved in several aspects of platelet function such as signaling, spreading, and granule cargo loading. SUMMARY Mechanistic studies of platelet endocytosis have shown it to be not only involved in granule cargo loading but also in various other platelet functions important for hemostasis and beyond.
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Cellubrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein-3-mediated endocytosis and trafficking regulate platelet functions. Blood 2017; 130:2872-2883. [PMID: 28931526 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-768176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is key to fibrinogen (Fg) uptake, trafficking of integrins (αIIbβ3, αvβ3), and purinergic receptors (P2Y1, P2Y12), and thus normal platelet function. However, the molecular machinery required and possible trafficking routes are still ill-defined. To further identify elements of the platelet endocytic machinery, we examined the role of a vesicle-residing, soluble N-ethylmaleimide factor attachment protein receptor (v-SNARE) called cellubrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein-3 (VAMP-3) in platelet function. Although not required for normal platelet exocytosis or hemostasis, VAMP-3-/- mice had less platelet-associated Fg, indicating a defect in Fg uptake/storage. Other granule markers were unaffected. Direct experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, showed that loss of VAMP-3 led to a robust defect in uptake/storage of Fg in platelets and cultured megakaryocytes. Uptake of the fluid-phase marker, dextran, was only modestly affected. Time-dependent uptake and endocytic trafficking of Fg and dextran were followed using 3-dimensional-structured illumination microscopy. Dextran uptake was rapid compared with Fg, but both cargoes progressed through Rab4+, Rab11+, and von Willebrand factor (VWF)+ compartments in wild-type platelets in a time-dependent manner. In VAMP-3-/- platelets, the 2 cargoes showed limited colocalization with Rab4, Rab11, or VWF. Loss of VAMP-3 also affected some acute platelet functions, causing enhanced spreading on Fg and fibronectin and faster clot retraction compared with wild-type. In addition, the rate of Janus kinase 2 phosphorylation, initiated through the thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR/Mpl) activation, was affected in VAMP-3-/- platelets. Collectively, our studies show that platelets are capable of a range of endocytosis steps, with VAMP-3 being pivotal in these processes.
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22
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CLEC-2 contributes to hemostasis independently of classical hemITAM signaling in mice. Blood 2017; 130:2224-2228. [PMID: 28835437 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-771907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is a platelet receptor that is critical during development in blood-lymph separation and implicated in thrombus stability in thrombosis and hemostasis. It is the only known platelet activatory receptor that participates in both of these aspects of platelet function, and it is the only one to signal through a hemi-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (hemITAM). Current investigations into the function of CLEC-2 in vivo have focused on knockout (KO) studies in which both the receptor and its signaling are deleted, making it impossible to explore the possible signaling-independent functions of the receptor, which are indicated by its only known physiological ligand, podoplanin, being an integral membrane protein. In this report, we present a novel knockin mouse model that maintains the expression of a CLEC-2 receptor that cannot signal through its hemITAM (Y7A KI). Remarkably, this mouse phenocopies the blood-lymphatic mixing and lethality of CLEC-2 KO models, but not their hemostatic/thrombotic defect. However, treatment of Y7A KI mice with Fab' fragments of the function-blocking anti-CLEC-2 antibody, INU1, resulted in a thrombus formation defect in vivo and ex vivo, revealing a hemITAM signaling-independent role for CLEC-2 in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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23
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Delierneux C, Donis N, Servais L, Wéra O, Lecut C, Vandereyken M, Musumeci L, Rahmouni S, Schneider J, Eble JA, Lancellotti P, Oury C. Targeting of C-type lectin-like receptor 2 or P2Y12 for the prevention of platelet activation by immunotherapeutic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:983-997. [PMID: 28296036 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) immuotherapeutics cause undesired platelet activating effects. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of these effects to identify protective strategies. CpG ODN-induced platelet activation depends on C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) and P2Y12. Targeting CLEC-2 or P2Y12 fully prevents CpG ODN-induced platelet activation and thrombosis. SUMMARY Background Synthetic phosphorothioate-modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) show potent immunostimulatory properties that are widely exploited in clinical trials of anticancer treatment. Unexpectedly, a recent study indicated that CpG ODNs activate human platelets via the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-coupled receptor glycoprotein VI. Objective To further analyze the mechanisms of CpG ODN-induced platelet activation and identify potential inhibitory strategies. Methods In vitro analyses were performed on human and mouse platelets, and on cell lines expressing platelet ITAM receptors. CpG ODN platelet-activating effects were evaluated in a mouse model of thrombosis. Results We demonstrated platelet uptake of CpG ODNs, resulting in platelet activation and aggregation. C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) expressed in DT40 cells bound CpG ODNs. CpG ODN uptake did not occur in CLEC-2-deficient mouse platelets. Inhibition of human CLEC-2 with a blocking antibody inhibited CpG ODN-induced platelet aggregation. CpG ODNs caused CLEC-2 dimerization, and provoked its internalization. They induced dense granule release before the onset of aggregation. Accordingly, pretreating platelets with apyrase, or inhibiting P2Y12 with cangrelor or clopidogrel, prevented CpG ODN platelet-activating effect. In vivo, intravenously injected CpG ODN interacted with platelets adhered to mouse injured endothelium, and promoted thrombus growth, which was inhibited by CLEC-2 deficiency or by clopidogrel. Conclusions CLEC-2 and P2Y12 are required for CpG ODN-induced platelet activation and thrombosis, and might be targeted to prevent adverse events in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delierneux
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - N Donis
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - L Servais
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - O Wéra
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Lecut
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Vandereyken
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - L Musumeci
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Rahmouni
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Schneider
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - J A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - P Lancellotti
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - C Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Shirai T, Inoue O, Tamura S, Tsukiji N, Sasaki T, Endo H, Satoh K, Osada M, Sato-Uchida H, Fujii H, Ozaki Y, Suzuki-Inoue K. C-type lectin-like receptor 2 promotes hematogenous tumor metastasis and prothrombotic state in tumor-bearing mice. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:513-525. [PMID: 28028907 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The role of C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) in cancer progression is unclear. CLEC-2-depleted mouse model is generated by using a rat anti-mouse CLEC-2 monoclonal antibody. CLEC-2 depletion inhibits hematogenous tumor metastasis of podoplanin-expressing B16F10 cells. CLEC-2 depletion prolongs cancer survival by suppressing thrombosis and inflammation. SUMMARY Background C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is a platelet activation receptor of sialoglycoprotein podoplanin, which is expressed on the surface of certain types of tumor cells. CLEC-2-podoplanin interactions facilitate hematogenous tumor metastasis. However, direct evidence of the role of CLEC-2 in hematogenous metastasis and cancer progression is lacking. Objective and methods We generated immunological CLEC-2-depleted mice by using anti-mouse CLEC-2 monoclonal antibody 2A2B10 and investigated whether CLEC-2 promoted hematogenous tumor metastasis and tumor growth and exacerbated the prognosis of mice bearing podoplanin-expressing B16F10 melanoma cells. Results Our results showed that hematogenous metastasis was significantly inhibited in CLEC-2-depleted mice. B16F10 cells co-cultured with wild-type platelets, but not with CLEC-2-deficient platelets, showed increased proliferation. However, B16F10 cell proliferation was not inhibited in CLEC-2-depleted mice. Histological analysis showed that thrombus formation in tumor vessels was significantly inhibited and functional vessel density was significantly increased in CLEC-2-depleted mice. These data suggest that CLEC-2 deficiency may inhibit thrombus formation in tumor vessels and increase the density of functional vessels, thus improving oxygen and nutrient supply to tumors, indirectly promoting tumor proliferation. Furthermore, the overall survival of CLEC-2-depleted mice was significantly prolonged, which may be due to the suppression of thrombus formation in the lungs and subsequent inhibition of systemic inflammation and cachexia. Conclusions These data provide a rationale for the targeted inhibition of CLEC-2 as a new strategy for preventing hematogenous tumor metastasis and for inhibiting cancer-related thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shirai
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - O Inoue
- Infection Control Office, Yamanashi University Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - S Tamura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Tsukiji
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - T Sasaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - H Endo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga, Japan
| | - K Satoh
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Yamanashi University Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - M Osada
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Yamanashi University Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gumma Paz College, Takasaki, Japan
| | - H Sato-Uchida
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - H Fujii
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Y Ozaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - K Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Semeniak D, Kulawig R, Stegner D, Meyer I, Schwiebert S, Bösing H, Eckes B, Nieswandt B, Schulze H. Proplatelet formation is selectively inhibited by collagen type I through Syk-independent GPVI signaling. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3473-84. [PMID: 27505889 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen receptors GPVI (also known as GP6) and integrin α2β1 are highly expressed on blood platelets and megakaryocytes, their immediate precursors. After vessel injury, subendothelial collagen becomes exposed and induces platelet activation to prevent blood loss. Collagen types I and IV are thought to have opposite effects on platelet biogenesis, directing proplatelet formation (PPF) towards the blood vessels to prevent premature release within the marrow cavity. We used megakaryocytes lacking collagen receptors or treated megakaryocytes with blocking antibodies, and could demonstrate that collagen-I-mediated inhibition of PPF is specifically controlled by GPVI. Other collagen types competed for binding and diminished the inhibitory signal, which was entirely dependent on receptor-proximal Src family kinases, whereas Syk and LAT were dispensable. Adhesion assays indicate that megakaryocyte binding to collagens is mediated by α2β1, and that collagen IV at the vascular niche might displace collagen I from megakaryocytes and thus contribute to prevention of premature platelet release into the marrow cavity and thereby directionally promote PPF at the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Semeniak
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kulawig
- Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Rudolf Virchow-Zentrum, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Imke Meyer
- Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Schwiebert
- Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bösing
- Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Rudolf Virchow-Zentrum, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bender
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Würzburg, Germany
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Anti-miR-148a regulates platelet FcγRIIA signaling and decreases thrombosis in vivo in mice. Blood 2015; 126:2871-81. [PMID: 26516227 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-631135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptor for IgG IIA (FcγRIIA)-mediated platelet activation is essential in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and other immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis disorders. There is considerable interindividual variation in platelet FcγRIIA activation, the reasons for which remain unclear. We hypothesized that genetic variations between FcγRIIA hyper- and hyporesponders regulate FcγRIIA-mediated platelet reactivity and influence HIT susceptibility. Using unbiased genome-wide expression profiling, we observed that human hyporesponders to FcγRIIA activation showed higher platelet T-cell ubiquitin ligand-2 (TULA-2) mRNA expression than hyperresponders. Silent interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TULA-2 resulted in hyperphosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase following FcγRIIA activation in HEL cells. Significantly, we found miR-148a-3p targeted and inhibited both human and mouse TULA-2 mRNA. Inhibition of miR-148a in FcγRIIA transgenic mice upregulated the TULA-2 level and reduced FcγRIIA- and glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet αIIbβ3 activation and calcium mobilization. Anti-miR-148a also reduced thrombus formation following intravascular platelet activation via FcγRIIA. These results show that TULA-2 is a target of miR-148a-3p, and TULA-2 serves as a negative regulator of FcγRIIA-mediated platelet activation. This is also the first study to show the effects of in vivo miRNA inhibition on platelet reactivity. Our work suggests that modulating miR-148a expression is a potential therapeutic approach for thrombosis.
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