1
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Chen G, Zhang L, Wang R, Xie Z. Histone methylation in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Epigenomics 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38869454 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2345040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is linked to various human diseases, including both noncancerous conditions like infectious mononucleosis and cancerous diseases such as lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. After the initial infection, EBV establishes a lifelong presence and remains latent in specific cells. This latent infection causes changes in the epigenetic marks known as histone methylation. Many studies have examined the role of histone methylation in different EBV-associated diseases, and understanding how EBV affects histone methylation can help us identify potential targets for epigenetic therapies. This review focuses on the research progress made in understanding histone methylation in well-studied EBV-associated diseases, intending to provide insights into potential strategies based on histone methylation to combat EBV-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglian Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
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2
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Bhandari K, Ding WQ. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: New Molecular Targets for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3958. [PMID: 38612768 PMCID: PMC11011826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignant disease with a low 5-year overall survival rate. It is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The lack of robust therapeutics, absence of effective biomarkers for early detection, and aggressive nature of the tumor contribute to the high mortality rate of PDAC. Notably, the outcomes of recent immunotherapy and targeted therapy against PDAC remain unsatisfactory, indicating the need for novel therapeutic strategies. One of the newly described molecular features of PDAC is the altered expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMTs are a group of enzymes known to methylate arginine residues in both histone and non-histone proteins, thereby mediating cellular homeostasis in biological systems. Some of the PRMT enzymes are known to be overexpressed in PDAC that promotes tumor progression and chemo-resistance via regulating gene transcription, cellular metabolic processes, RNA metabolism, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs are currently under clinical trials and can potentially become a new generation of anti-cancer drugs. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of PRMTs in PDAC, focusing on their pathological roles and their potential as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, BMSB401A, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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3
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Tong C, Chang X, Qu F, Bian J, Wang J, Li Z, Xu X. Overview of the development of protein arginine methyltransferase modulators: Achievements and future directions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116212. [PMID: 38359536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein methylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that organisms undergo. This process is considered a part of epigenetics research. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in protein methylation, particularly histone methylation, as research has advanced. Methylation of histones is a dynamic process that is subject to fine control by histone methyltransferases and demethylases. In addition, many non-histone proteins also undergo methylation, and these modifications collectively regulate physiological phenomena, including RNA transcription, translation, signal transduction, DNA damage response, and cell cycle. Protein arginine methylation is a crucial aspect of protein methylation, which plays a significant role in regulating the cell cycle and repairing DNA. It is also linked to various diseases. Therefore, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) that are involved in this process have gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for treating diseases. Several PRMT inhibitors are in phase I/II clinical trials. This paper aims to introduce the structure, biochemical functions, and bioactivity assays of PRMTs. Additionally, we will review the structure-function of currently popular PRMT inhibitors. Through the analysis of various data on known PRMT inhibitors, we hope to provide valuable assistance for future drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China
| | - Xiujin Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China
| | - Fangui Qu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China
| | - Jubo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China.
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China.
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China.
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4
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Ichikawa T, Suekane A, Nakahata S, Iha H, Shimoda K, Murakami T, Morishita K. Inhibition of PRMT5/MEP50 Arginine Methyltransferase Activity Causes Cancer Vulnerability in NDRG2 low Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2842. [PMID: 38474089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), which is a tumour suppressor, is frequently lost in many types of tumours, including adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL). The downregulation of NDRG2 expression is involved in tumour progression through the aberrant phosphorylation of several important signalling molecules. We observed that the downregulation of NDRG2 induced the translocation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via the increased phosphorylation of PRMT5 at Serine 335. In NDRG2low ATL, cytoplasmic PRMT5 enhanced HSP90A chaperone activity via arginine methylation, leading to tumour progression and the maintenance of oncogenic client proteins. Therefore, we examined whether the inhibition of PRMT5 activity is a drug target in NDRG2low tumours. The knockdown of PRMT5 and binding partner methylsome protein 50 (MEP50) expression significantly demonstrated the suppression of cell proliferation via the degradation of AKT and NEMO in NDRG2low ATL cells, whereas NDRG2-expressing cells did not impair the stability of client proteins. We suggest that the relationship between PRMT5/MEP50 and the downregulation of NDRG2 may exhibit a novel vulnerability and a therapeutic target. Treatment with the PRMT5-specific inhibitors CMP5 and HLCL61 was more sensitive in NDRG2low cancer cells than in NDRG2-expressing cells via the inhibition of HSP90 arginine methylation, along with the degradation of client proteins. Thus, interference with PRMT5 activity has become a feasible and effective strategy for promoting cancer vulnerability in NDRG2low ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Akira Suekane
- Trauma and Acute Critical Care Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Division of Pathophysiology, The Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases (RCGLID), Oita University, Yufu 879-5503, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Project for Advanced Medical Research and Development, Project Research Division, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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5
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Long ME, Koirala S, Sloan S, Brown-Burke F, Weigel C, Villagomez L, Corps K, Sharma A, Hout I, Harper M, Helmig-Mason J, Tallada S, Chen Z, Scherle P, Vaddi K, Chen-Kiang S, Di Liberto M, Meydan C, Foox J, Butler D, Mason C, Alinari L, Blaser BW, Baiocchi R. Resistance to PRMT5-targeted therapy in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2024; 8:150-163. [PMID: 37782774 PMCID: PMC10787272 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and patients who relapse on targeted therapies have poor prognosis. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme essential for B-cell transformation, drives multiple oncogenic pathways and is overexpressed in MCL. Despite the antitumor activity of PRMT5 inhibition (PRT-382/PRT-808), drug resistance was observed in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) MCL model. Decreased survival of mice engrafted with these PRMT5 inhibitor-resistant cells vs treatment-naive cells was observed (P = .005). MCL cell lines showed variable sensitivity to PRMT5 inhibition. Using PRT-382, cell lines were classified as sensitive (n = 4; 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 20-140 nM) or primary resistant (n = 4; 340-1650 nM). Prolonged culture of sensitive MCL lines with drug escalation produced PRMT5 inhibitor-resistant cell lines (n = 4; 200-500 nM). This resistant phenotype persisted after prolonged culture in the absence of drug and was observed with PRT-808. In the resistant PDX and cell line models, symmetric dimethylarginine reduction was achieved at the original PRMT5 inhibitor IC50, suggesting activation of alternative resistance pathways. Bulk RNA sequencing of resistant cell lines and PDX relative to sensitive or short-term-treated cells, respectively, highlighted shared upregulation of multiple pathways including mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase [mTOR] signaling (P < 10-5 and z score > 0.3 or < 0.3). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated a strong shift in global gene expression, with upregulation of mTOR signaling in resistant PDX MCL samples. Targeted blockade of mTORC1 with temsirolimus overcame the PRMT5 inhibitor-resistant phenotype, displayed therapeutic synergy in resistant MCL cell lines, and improved survival of a resistant PDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Elizabeth Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shirsha Koirala
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shelby Sloan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Fiona Brown-Burke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christoph Weigel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lynda Villagomez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kara Corps
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Archisha Sharma
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ian Hout
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Margaret Harper
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sheetal Tallada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maurizio Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Christopher Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bradley W. Blaser
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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6
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Wang ZQ, Zhang ZC, Wu YY, Pi YN, Lou SH, Liu TB, Lou G, Yang C. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins: biological functions, diseases, and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:420. [PMID: 37926722 PMCID: PMC10625992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which influence gene expression and contribute to the development of cancer, are epigenetic interpreters. Thus, BET inhibitors represent a novel form of epigenetic anticancer treatment. Although preliminary clinical trials have shown the anticancer potential of BET inhibitors, it appears that these drugs have limited effectiveness when used alone. Therefore, given the limited monotherapeutic activity of BET inhibitors, their use in combination with other drugs warrants attention, including the meaningful variations in pharmacodynamic activity among chosen drug combinations. In this paper, we review the function of BET proteins, the preclinical justification for BET protein targeting in cancer, recent advances in small-molecule BET inhibitors, and preliminary clinical trial findings. We elucidate BET inhibitor resistance mechanisms, shed light on the associated adverse events, investigate the potential of combining these inhibitors with diverse therapeutic agents, present a comprehensive compilation of synergistic treatments involving BET inhibitors, and provide an outlook on their future prospects as potent antitumor agents. We conclude by suggesting that combining BET inhibitors with other anticancer drugs and innovative next-generation agents holds great potential for advancing the effective targeting of BET proteins as a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Sheng-Han Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tian-Bo Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
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7
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Brown-Burke F, Hwang I, Sloan S, Hinterschied C, Helmig-Mason J, Long M, Chan WK, Prouty A, Chung JH, Zhang Y, Singh S, Youssef Y, Bhagwat N, Chen Z, Chen-Kiang S, Di Liberto M, Elemento O, Sehgal L, Alinari L, Vaddi K, Scherle P, Lapalombella R, Paik J, Baiocchi RA. PRMT5 inhibition drives therapeutic vulnerability to combination treatment with BCL-2 inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6211-6224. [PMID: 37327122 PMCID: PMC10582835 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy that comprises up to 6% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas diagnosed annually and is associated with a poor prognosis. The average overall survival of patients with MCL is 5 years, and for most patients who progress on targeted agents, survival remains at a dismal 3 to 8 months. There is a major unmet need to identify new therapeutic approaches that are well tolerated to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life. The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) enzyme is overexpressed in MCL and promotes growth and survival. Inhibition of PRMT5 drives antitumor activity in MCL cell lines and preclinical murine models. PRMT5 inhibition reduced the activity of prosurvival AKT signaling, which led to the nuclear translocation of FOXO1 and modulation of its transcriptional activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing identified multiple proapoptotic BCL-2 family members as FOXO1-bound genomic loci. We identified BAX as a direct transcriptional target of FOXO1 and demonstrated its critical role in the synergy observed between the selective PRMT5 inhibitor, PRT382, and the BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax. Single-agent and combination treatments were performed in 9 MCL lines. Loewe synergy scores showed significant levels of synergy in most MCL lines tested. Preclinical, in vivo evaluation of this strategy in multiple MCL models showed therapeutic synergy with combination venetoclax/PRT382 treatment with an increased survival advantage in 2 patient-derived xenograft models (P ≤ .0001, P ≤ .0001). Our results provide mechanistic rationale for the combination of PRMT5 inhibition and venetoclax to treat patients with MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Brown-Burke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Inah Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shelby Sloan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Claire Hinterschied
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mackenzie Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alexander Prouty
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Satishkumar Singh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maurizio Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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8
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Zhou B, Chen N, Chen Z, Chen S, Yang J, Zheng Y, Shen L. Prmt5 deficient mouse B cells display RNA processing complexity and slower colorectal tumor progression. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250226. [PMID: 37389889 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) is essential for normal B-cell development; however, the roles of Prmt5 in tumor-infiltrating B cells in tumor therapy have not been well elucidated. Here, we revealed that CD19-cre-Prmt5fl/fl (Prmt5cko) mice showed smaller tumor weights and volumes in the colorectal cancer mouse model; B cells expressed higher levels of Ccl22 and Il12a, which attracted T cells to the tumor site. Furthermore, we used direct RNA sequencing to comprehensively profile RNA processes in Prmt5 deletion B cells to explore underline mechanisms. We found significantly differentially expressed isoforms, mRNA splicing, poly(A) tail lengths, and m6A modification changes between the Prmt5cko and control groups. Cd74 isoform expressions might be regulated by mRNA splicing; the expression of two novel Cd74 isoforms was decreased, while one isoform was elevated in the Prmt5cko group, but the Cd74 gene expression showed no changes. We observed Ccl22, Ighg1, and Il12a expression was significantly increased in the Prmt5cko group, whereas Jak3 and Stat5b expression was decreased. Ccl22 and Ighg1 expression might be associated with poly(A) tail length, Jak3, Stat5b, and Il12a expression might be modulated by m6A modification. Our study demonstrated that Prmt5 regulates B-cell function through different mechanisms and supported the development of Prmt5-targeted antitumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningdai Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisong Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Sloan SL, Brown F, Long M, Weigel C, Koirala S, Chung JH, Pray B, Villagomez L, Hinterschied C, Sircar A, Helmig-Mason J, Prouty A, Brooks E, Youssef Y, Hanel W, Parekh S, Chan WK, Chen Z, Lapalombella R, Sehgal L, Vaddi K, Scherle P, Chen-Kiang S, Di Liberto M, Elemento O, Meydan C, Foox J, Butler D, Mason CE, Baiocchi RA, Alinari L. PRMT5 supports multiple oncogenic pathways in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2023; 142:887-902. [PMID: 37267517 PMCID: PMC10517215 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy with an overall poor prognosis, particularly for patients that progress on targeted therapies. Novel, more durable treatment options are needed for patients with MCL. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is overexpressed in MCL and plays an important oncogenic role in this disease via epigenetic and posttranslational modification of cell cycle regulators, DNA repair genes, components of prosurvival pathways, and RNA splicing regulators. The mechanism of targeting PRMT5 in MCL remains incompletely characterized. Here, we report on the antitumor activity of PRMT5 inhibition in MCL using integrated transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo models of MCL. Treatment with a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PRMT5, PRT-382, led to growth arrest and cell death and provided a therapeutic benefit in xenografts derived from patients with MCL. Transcriptional reprograming upon PRMT5 inhibition led to restored regulatory activity of the cell cycle (p-RB/E2F), apoptotic cell death (p53-dependent/p53-independent), and activation of negative regulators of B-cell receptor-PI3K/AKT signaling (PHLDA3, PTPROt, and PIK3IP1). We propose pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL and identify MTAP/CDKN2A deletion and wild-type TP53 as biomarkers that predict a favorable response. Selective targeting of PRMT5 has significant activity in preclinical models of MCL and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Sloan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Fiona Brown
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mackenzie Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christoph Weigel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shirsha Koirala
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Betsy Pray
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lynda Villagomez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Claire Hinterschied
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anuvrat Sircar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alexander Prouty
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Eric Brooks
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samir Parekh
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maurizio Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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10
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Brown T, Nguyen T, Zhou B, Zheng YG. Chemical probes and methods for the study of protein arginine methylation. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:647-669. [PMID: 37654509 PMCID: PMC10467615 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a widespread post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells. This chemical modification in proteins functionally modulates diverse cellular processes from signal transduction, gene expression, and DNA damage repair to RNA splicing. The chemistry of arginine methylation entails the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet, SAM) onto a guanidino nitrogen atom of an arginine residue of a target protein. This reaction is catalyzed by about 10 members of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). With impacts on a variety of cellular processes, aberrant expression and activity of PRMTs have been shown in many disease conditions. Particularly in oncology, PRMTs are commonly overexpressed in many cancerous tissues and positively correlated with tumor initiation, development and progression. As such, targeting PRMTs is increasingly recognized as an appealing therapeutic strategy for new drug discovery. In the past decade, a great deal of research efforts has been invested in illuminating PRMT functions in diseases and developing chemical probes for the mechanistic study of PRMTs in biological systems. In this review, we provide a brief developmental history of arginine methylation along with some key updates in arginine methylation research, with a particular emphasis on the chemical aspects of arginine methylation. We highlight the research endeavors for the development and application of chemical approaches and chemical tools for the study of functions of PRMTs and arginine methylation in regulating biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Terry Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
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11
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Lu T, Zhang J, Xu-Monette ZY, Young KH. The progress of novel strategies on immune-based therapy in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:72. [PMID: 37580826 PMCID: PMC10424456 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with standard front-line immunochemotherapy, whereas nearly 30-40% of patients experience refractory or relapse. For several decades, the standard treatment strategy for fit relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL patients has been high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-SCT). However, the patients who failed in salvage treatment or those ineligible for subsequent auto-SCT have dismal outcomes. Several immune-based therapies have been developed, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and novel small molecules. Meanwhile, allogeneic SCT and radiotherapy are still necessary for disease control for fit patients with certain conditions. In this review, to expand clinical treatment options, we summarize the recent progress of immune-related therapies and prospect the future indirections in patients with R/R DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxun Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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12
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Shi Y, Niu Y, Yuan Y, Li K, Zhong C, Qiu Z, Li K, Lin Z, Yang Z, Zuo D, Qiu J, He W, Wang C, Liao Y, Wang G, Yuan Y, Li B. PRMT3-mediated arginine methylation of IGF2BP1 promotes oxaliplatin resistance in liver cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1932. [PMID: 37024475 PMCID: PMC10079833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy has been effective in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), primary or acquired resistance to oxaliplatin remains a major challenge in the clinic. Through functional screening using CRISPR/Cas9 activation library, transcriptomic profiling of clinical samples, and functional validation in vitro and in vivo, we identify PRMT3 as a key driver of oxaliplatin resistance. Mechanistically, PRMT3-mediated oxaliplatin-resistance is in part dependent on the methylation of IGF2BP1 at R452, which is critical for the function of IGF2BP1 in stabilizing the mRNA of HEG1, an effector of PRMT3-IGF2BP1 axis. Also, PRMT3 overexpression may serve as a biomarker for oxaliplatin resistance in HCC patients. Collectively, our study defines the PRTM3-IGF2BP1-HEG1 axis as important regulators and therapeutic targets in oxaliplatin-resistance and suggests the potential to use PRMT3 expression level in pretreatment biopsy as a biomarker for oxaliplatin-resistance in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengrui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dinglan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiliang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guocan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yunfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Binkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Ernzen K, Melvin C, Yu L, Phelps C, Niewiesk S, Green PL, Panfil AR. The PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 is effective against HTLV-1-transformed T-cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1101544. [PMID: 36819050 PMCID: PMC9932813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the infectious cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an extremely aggressive and fatal malignancy of CD4+ T-cells. Due to the chemotherapy-resistance of ATL and the absence of long-term therapy regimens currently available for ATL patients, there is an urgent need to characterize novel therapeutic targets against this disease. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type II PRMT enzyme that is directly involved in the pathogenesis of multiple different lymphomas through the transcriptional regulation of relevant oncogenes. Recently, our group identified that PRMT5 is overexpressed in HTLV-1-transformed T-cell lines, during the HTLV-1-mediated T-cell immortalization process, and in ATL patient samples. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of PRMT5 on HTLV-1 infected cell viability, T-cell transformation, and ultimately disease induction. Inhibition of PRMT5 enzymatic activity with a commercially available small molecule inhibitor (EPZ015666) resulted in selective in vitro toxicity of actively proliferating and transformed T-cells. EPZ015666-treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in HTLV-1-transformed and ATL-derived cell lines compared to uninfected Jurkat T-cells. Using a co-culture model of infection and immortalization, we found that EPZ015666 is capable of blocking HTLV-1-mediated T-cell immortalization in vitro, indicating that PRMT5 enzymatic activity is essential for the HTLV-1 T-cell transformation process. Administration of EPZ015666 in both NSG xenograft and HTLV-1-infected humanized immune system (HIS) mice significantly improved survival outcomes. The cumulative findings of this study demonstrate that the epigenetic regulator PRMT5 is critical for the survival, transformation, and pathogenesis of HTLV-1, illustrating the value of this cellular enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Ernzen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Corrine Melvin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cameron Phelps
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Patrick L. Green
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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14
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Sauter C, Simonet J, Guidez F, Dumétier B, Pernon B, Callanan M, Bastie JN, Aucagne R, Delva L. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases as Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5443. [PMID: 36358861 PMCID: PMC9657843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification affecting protein activity and the transcription of target genes when methylation occurs on histone tails. There are nine protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in mammals, divided into subgroups depending on the methylation they form on a molecule of arginine. During the formation and maturation of the different types of blood cells, PRMTs play a central role by controlling cell differentiation at the transcriptional level. PRMT enzymatic activity is necessary for many cellular processes in hematological malignancies, such as the activation of cell cycle and proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, DNA repair processes, RNA splicing, and transcription by methylating histone tails' arginine. Chemical tools have been developed to inhibit the activity of PRMTs and have been tested in several models of hematological malignancies, including primary samples from patients, xenografts into immunodeficient mice, mouse models, and human cell lines. They show a significant effect by reducing cell viability and increasing the overall survival of mice. PRMT5 inhibitors have a strong therapeutic potential, as phase I clinical trials in hematological malignancies that use these molecules show promising results, thus, underlining PRMT inhibitors as useful therapeutic tools for cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sauter
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - John Simonet
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Dumétier
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Pernon
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mary Callanan
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Unit for Innovation in Genetics and Epigenetic in Oncology (IGEO)/CRIGEN Core Facility, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Noël Bastie
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Romain Aucagne
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Unit for Innovation in Genetics and Epigenetic in Oncology (IGEO)/CRIGEN Core Facility, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Delva
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
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15
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Asberry AM, Cai X, Deng X, Liu S, Santiago U, Sims H, Liang W, Xu X, Wan J, Jiang W, Camacho C, Dai M, Hu CD. Discovery and Biological Characterization of PRMT5:MEP50 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13793-13812. [PMID: 36206451 PMCID: PMC11167723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a master epigenetic regulator and an extensively validated therapeutic target in multiple cancers. Notably, PRMT5 is the only PRMT that requires an obligate cofactor, methylosome protein 50 (MEP50), to function. We developed compound 17, a novel small-molecule PRMT5:MEP50 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor, after initial virtual screen hit identification and analogue refinement. Molecular docking indicated that compound 17 targets PRMT5:MEP50 PPI by displacing the MEP50 W54 burial into a hydrophobic pocket of the PRMT5 TIM barrel. In vitro analysis indicates IC50 < 500 nM for prostate and lung cancer cells with selective, specific inhibition of PRMT5:MEP50 substrate methylation and target gene expression, and RNA-seq analysis suggests that compound 17 may dysregulate TGF-β signaling. Compound 17 provides a proof of concept in targeting PRMT5:MEP50 PPI, as opposed to catalytic targeting, as a novel mechanism of action and supports further preclinical development of inhibitors in this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Asberry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xinpei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ulises Santiago
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Hunter Sims
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Weida Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xueyong Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 240 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- The Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 240 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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16
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Zhou W, Yadav GP, Yang X, Qin F, Li C, Jiang QX. Cryo-EM structure-based selection of computed ligand poses enables design of MTA-synergic PRMT5 inhibitors of better potency. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1054. [PMID: 36192627 PMCID: PMC9530242 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Projected potential of 2.5-4.0 Å cryo-EM structures for structure-based drug design is not well realized yet. Here we show that a 3.1 Å structure of PRMT5 is suitable for selecting computed poses of a chemical inhibitor and its analogs for enhanced potency. PRMT5, an oncogenic target for various cancer types, has many inhibitors manifesting little cooperativity with MTA, a co-factor analog accumulated in MTAP-/- cells. To achieve MTA-synergic inhibition, a pharmacophore from virtual screen leads to a specific inhibitor (11-2 F). Cryo-EM structures of 11-2 F / MTA-bound human PRMT5/MEP50 complex and its apo form resolved at 3.1 and 3.2 Å respectively show that 11-2 F in the catalytic pocket shifts the cofactor-binding pocket away by ~2.0 Å, contributing to positive cooperativity. Computational analysis predicts subtype specificity of 11-2 F among PRMTs. Structural analysis of ligands in the binding pockets is performed to compare poses of 11-2 F and its redesigned analogs and identifies three new analogs predicted to have significantly better potency. One of them, after synthesis, is ~4 fold more efficient in inhibiting PRMT5 catalysis than 11-2 F, with strong MTA-synergy. These data suggest the feasibility of employing near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures and computational analysis of ligand poses for small molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gaya P Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- G.P.Y at the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Qiu-Xing Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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17
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Li BX, David LL, Davis LE, Xiao X. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 is essential for oncogene product EWSR1-ATF1-mediated gene transcription in clear cell sarcoma. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102434. [PMID: 36041632 PMCID: PMC9513783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription dysregulation is common in sarcomas driven by oncogenic transcription factors. Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue (CCSST) is a rare sarcoma with poor prognosis presently with no therapy. It is characterized by a balanced t(12;22) (q13;q12) chromosomal translocation, resulting in a fusion of the Ewing's sarcoma gene EWSR1 with activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) to give an oncogene EWSR1-ATF1. Unlike normal ATF1, whose transcription activity is dependent on phosphorylation, EWSR1-ATF1 is constitutively active to drive ATF1-dependent gene transcription to cause tumorigenesis. No EWSR1-ATF1-targeted therapies have been identified due to the challenges in targeting intracellular transcription factors. Through proteomics screening to identify potential druggable targets for CCSST, we discovered protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a novel protein to interact with EWSR1-ATF1. PRMT5 is a type II protein arginine methyltransferase to symmetrically dimethylate arginine residues in substrate proteins to regulate a diverse range of activities including gene transcription, RNA splicing, and DNA repair. We found that PRMT5 enhances EWSR1-ATF1-mediated gene transcription to sustain CCSST cell proliferation. Genetic silencing of PRMT5 in CCSST cells resulted in severely impaired cell proliferation and EWSR1-ATF1-driven transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the clinical-stage PRMT5 inhibitor JNJ-64619178 potently and efficaciously inhibited CCSST cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These results provide new insights into PRMT5 as a transcription regulator and warrant JNJ-64619178 for further clinical development to treat CCSST patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing X Li
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Lara E Davis
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
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18
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Erazo T, Evans CM, Zakheim D, Chu KL, Refermat AY, Asgari Z, Yang X, Da Silva Ferreira M, Mehta S, Russo MV, Knezevic A, Zhang XP, Chen Z, Fennell M, Garippa R, Seshan V, de Stanchina E, Barbash O, Batlevi CL, Leslie CS, Melnick AM, Younes A, Kharas MG. TP53 mutations and RNA-binding protein MUSASHI-2 drive resistance to PRMT5-targeted therapy in B-cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5676. [PMID: 36167829 PMCID: PMC9515221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify drivers of sensitivity and resistance to Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibition, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen. We identify TP53 and RNA-binding protein MUSASHI2 (MSI2) as the top-ranked sensitizer and driver of resistance to specific PRMT5i, GSK-591, respectively. TP53 deletion and TP53R248W mutation are biomarkers of resistance to GSK-591. PRMT5 expression correlates with MSI2 expression in lymphoma patients. MSI2 depletion and pharmacological inhibition using Ro 08-2750 (Ro) both synergize with GSK-591 to reduce cell growth. Ro reduces MSI2 binding to its global targets and dual treatment of Ro and PRMT5 inhibitors result in synergistic gene expression changes including cell cycle, P53 and MYC signatures. Dual MSI2 and PRMT5 inhibition further blocks c-MYC and BCL-2 translation. BCL-2 depletion or inhibition with venetoclax synergizes with a PRMT5 inhibitor by inducing reduced cell growth and apoptosis. Thus, we propose a therapeutic strategy in lymphoma that combines PRMT5 with MSI2 or BCL-2 inhibition. Inhibition of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 has been suggested as a promising therapy for lymphoma. Here, the authors show that TP53 loss of function and MUSASHI-2 (MSI2) expression are biomarkers of resistance to PRMT5-targeted therapy in B-cell lymphoma. Moreover, combining PRMT5 inhibition with MSI2 or BCL-2 inhibitors blocks the translation of key drivers of lymphoma, c-MYC and BCL-2, inhibiting cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Erazo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Zakheim
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen L Chu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Yunsi Refermat
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Da Silva Ferreira
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mehta
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Vincenzo Russo
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Knezevic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Zhang
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Myles Fennell
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olena Barbash
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Connie Lee Batlevi
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Brown T, Cao M, Zheng YG. Synthesis and Activity of Triazole-Adenosine Analogs as Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:3779. [PMID: 35744905 PMCID: PMC9228412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an attractive molecular target in anticancer drug discovery due to its extensive involvement in transcriptional control, RNA processing, and other cellular pathways that are causally related to tumor initiation and progression. In recent years, various compounds have been screened or designed to target either the substrate- or cofactor-binding site of PRMT5. To expand the diversity of chemotypes for inhibitory binding to PRMT5 and other AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases, in this work, we designed a series of triazole-containing adenosine analogs aimed at targeting the cofactor-binding site of PRMT5. Triazole rings have commonly been utilized in drug discovery due to their ease of synthesis and functionalization as bioisosteres of amide bonds. Herein, we utilized the electronic properties of the triazole ring as a novel way to specifically target the cofactor-binding site of PRMT5. A total of about 30 compounds were synthesized using the modular alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. Biochemical tests showed that these compounds exhibited inhibitory activity of PRMT5 at varying degrees and several showed single micromolar potency, with clear selectivity for PRMT5 over PRMT1. Docking-based structural analysis showed that the triazole ring plays a key role in binding to the characteristic residue Phe327 in the active pocket of PRMT5, explaining the compounds' selectivity for this type-II enzyme. Overall, this work provides new structure-activity relationship information on the design of AdoMet analogs for selective inhibition of PRMT5. Further structural optimization work will further improve the potency of the top leads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Y. George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (T.B.); (M.C.)
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20
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Jin J, Fan Y, Wang X, Hu H, Ye X, Wang L, Cao C, Ye F. Identification of PRMT5 inhibitors with novel scaffold structures through virtual screening and biological evaluations. J Mol Model 2022; 28:184. [PMID: 35680707 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an important member in PRMT family, has been validated as a promising anticancer target. In this study, through the combination of virtual screening and biological experiments, we have identified two PRMT5 inhibitors with novel scaffold structures. Among them, compound Y2431 showed moderate activity with IC50 value of 10.09 μM and displayed good selectivity against other methyltransferases. The molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggested that the compound occupied the substrate-arginine binding site. Furthermore, Y2431 exhibited anti-proliferative activity to leukemia cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. Overall, the hit compound could provide a novel scaffold for further optimization of small-molecule PRMT5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jia Xing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jia Xing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Haofeng Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materta Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jia Xing University, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Rong D, Zhou K, Fang W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Huang Y, Li J, Dong H, Li L, Ding J, Huang X, Wang Y. Structure-Aided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Targeting Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7854-7875. [PMID: 35612488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PRMT5 is a major type II protein arginine methyltransferase and plays important roles in diverse cellular processes. Overexpression of PRMT5 is implicated in various types of cancer. Many efforts have been made to develop potent and selective PRMT5 inhibitors, the most potent of which is usually derived from nucleoside structures. Here, we designed a novel series of non-nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors through the structure-aided drug design approach. SAR exploration and metabolic stability optimization led to the discovery of compound 41 as a potent PRMT5 inhibitor with good selectivity. Additionally, compound 41 exerted antiproliferative effects against A375 cells by inducing apoptosis and potently inhibited the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5 in cells. Moreover, it showed attractive pharmacokinetic properties and markedly suppressed the tumor growth in an A375 tumor xenograft model. These results clearly indicate that 41 is a highly potent and selective non-nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqin Rong
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiongyu Shi
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xun Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.,Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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22
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Srour N, Khan S, Richard S. The Influence of Arginine Methylation in Immunity and Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2939-2958. [PMID: 35602664 PMCID: PMC9114649 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s364190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration in the field of epigenetics has revealed that protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) contribute to disease, and this has given way to the development of specific small molecule compounds that inhibit arginine methylation. Protein arginine methylation is known to regulate fundamental cellular processes, such as transcription; pre-mRNA splicing and other RNA processing mechanisms; signal transduction, including the anti-viral response; and cellular metabolism. PRMTs are also implicated in the regulation of physiological processes, including embryonic development, myogenesis, and the immune system. Finally, the dysregulation of PRMTs is apparent in cancer, neurodegeneration, muscular disorders, and during inflammation. Herein, we review the functions of PRMTs in immunity and inflammation. We also discuss recent progress with PRMTs regarding the modulation of gene expression related to T and B lymphocyte differentiation, germinal center dynamics, and anti-viral signaling responses, as well as the clinical relevance of using PRMT inhibitors alone or in combination with other drugs to treat cancer, immune, and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivine Srour
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sarah Khan
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stephane Richard
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence: Stephane Richard, Email
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23
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Purification and Identification of Natural Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases from Plants. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0052321. [PMID: 35311588 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00523-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) enzymes catalyze posttranslational modifications of target proteins and are often upregulated in human cancers. In this study, we purified two chemical compounds from seeds of Foeniculum vulgare based on their ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of PRMT5. These two compounds were identified as Pheophorbide a (PPBa) and Pheophorbide b (PPBb), two breakdown products of chlorophyll. PPBa and PPBb inhibited the enzymatic activity of both Type I and Type II PRMTs with IC50 values at sub micromole concentrations, inhibited the arginine methylation of histones in cells, and suppressed proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Molecular docking results predicted that PPBa binds to an allosteric site in the PRMT5 structure with a high affinity (ΔG = -9.0 kcal/mol) via hydrogen bond, ionic, and π-π stacking interactions with amino acid residues in PRMT5. Another group of natural compounds referred to as protoporphyrins and sharing structural similarity with pheophorbide also inhibited the PRMT enzymatic activity. This study is the first report on the PRMT-inhibitory activity of the tetrapyrrole macrocycles and provides useful information regarding the application of these compounds as natural therapeutic reagents for cancer prevention and treatment.
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24
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Murphy SA, Mapes NJ, Dua D, Kaur B. Histone modifiers at the crossroads of oncolytic and oncogenic viruses. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2153-2162. [PMID: 35143960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by loss of regulatory processes that control cell cycle, resulting in increased proliferation. The loss of control can deregulate both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Apart from cell intrinsic gene mutations and environmental factors, infection by cancer-causing viruses also induces changes that lead to malignant transformation. This can be caused by both expression of oncogenic viral proteins and also by changes in cellular genes and proteins that affect the epigenome. Thus, these epigenetic modifiers are good therapeutic targets, and several epigenetic inhibitors are approved for the treatment of different cancers. In addition to small molecule drugs, biological therapies such as antibodies and viral therapies are also increasingly being used to treat cancer. An HSV-1 derived oncolytic virus is currently approved by the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency. Similarly, an adenovirus-based therapeutic is approved for use in China for some cancer types. Since viruses can affect cellular epigenetics, the interaction of epigenome-targeting drugs with oncogenic and oncolytic viruses is a highly significant area of investigation. Here we will review the current knowledge about the impact of using epigenetic drugs in tumors positive for oncogenic viruses or as therapeutic combinations with oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Murphy
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Norman John Mapes
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270
| | | | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;.
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25
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Sawalha Y. Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Look at the Approved and Emerging Therapies. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121345. [PMID: 34945817 PMCID: PMC8708171 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) do not respond or develop relapsed disease after first-line chemoimmunotherapy. A minority of these patients can be cured with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT). Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have transformed the treatment paradigm of relapsed/refractory DLBCL, only 30–40% of patients achieve durable remissions. In addition, many patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL are ineligible to receive treatment with CAR T cells due to comorbidities or logistical limitations. Since 2019, the following four non-CAR T-cell treatments have been approved in relapsed/refractory DLBCL: polatuzumab in combination with bendamustine and rituximab, selinexor, tafasitamab plus lenalidomide, and loncastuximab. In this article, I review the data behind these four approvals and discuss important considerations on their use in clinical practice. I also review emerging therapies that have shown promising early results in relapsed/refractory DLBCL including the bispecific antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, BCL2 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed Sawalha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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26
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Molecular Basis of Epstein-Barr Virus Latency Establishment and Lytic Reactivation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122344. [PMID: 34960613 PMCID: PMC8706188 DOI: 10.3390/v13122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and several types of cancer. Like other herpesviruses, it establishes an asymptomatic, life-long latent infection, with occasional reactivation and shedding of progeny viruses. During latency, EBV expresses a small number of viral genes, and exists as an episome in the host–cell nucleus. Expression patterns of latency genes are dependent on the cell type, time after infection, and milieu of the cell (e.g., germinal center or peripheral blood). Upon lytic induction, expression of the viral immediate-early genes, BZLF1 and BRLF1, are induced, followed by early gene expression, viral DNA replication, late gene expression, and maturation and egress of progeny virions. Furthermore, EBV reactivation involves more than just progeny production. The EBV life cycle is regulated by signal transduction, transcription factors, promoter sequences, epigenetics, and the 3D structure of the genome. In this article, the molecular basis of EBV latency establishment and reactivation is summarized.
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27
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Xia T, Liu M, Zhao Q, Ouyang J, Xu P, Chen B. PRMT5 regulates cell pyroptosis by silencing CASP1 in multiple myeloma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:851. [PMID: 34531375 PMCID: PMC8445991 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a histone methyltransferase responsible for the symmetric dimethylation of histone H4 on Arg 3 (H4R3me2s), is an enzyme that participates in tumor cell progression in a variety of hematological malignancies. However, the biological functions of PRMT5 in multiple myeloma (MM) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis and found that PRMT5 expression was significantly upregulated in MM. In vitro and in vivo phenotypic experiments revealed that knockdown of PRMT5 expression enhanced cell pyroptosis in MM. Moreover, we found that CASP1 expression was negatively correlated with PRMT5 expression, and repressing PRMT5 expression rescued both the phenotype and expression markers (N-GSDMD, IL-1b, and IL-18). Inhibition of PRMT5 activity increased CASP1 expression and promoted MM cell pyroptosis. Finally, high expression of PRMT5 or low expression of CASP1 was correlated with poor overall survival in MM. Collectively, our results provide a mechanism by which PRMT5 regulates cell pyroptosis by silencing CASP1 in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peipei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Kumar A, Zhong Y, Albrecht A, Sang PB, Maples A, Liu Z, Vinayachandran V, Reja R, Lee CF, Kumar A, Chen J, Xiao J, Park B, Shen J, Liu B, Person MD, Trybus KM, Zhang KYJ, Pugh BF, Kamm KE, Milewicz DM, Shen X, Kapoor P. Actin R256 Mono-methylation Is a Conserved Post-translational Modification Involved in Transcription. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108172. [PMID: 32997990 PMCID: PMC8860185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin has been elusive due to the lack of knowledge about molecular mechanisms. From actin-containing chromatin remodeling complexes, we discovered an arginine mono-methylation mark on an evolutionarily conserved R256 residue of actin (R256me1). Actin R256 mutations in yeast affect nuclear functions and cause diseases in human. Interestingly, we show that an antibody specific for actin R256me1 preferentially stains nuclear actin over cytoplasmic actin in yeast, mouse, and human cells. We also show that actin R256me1 is regulated by protein arginine methyl transferase-5 (PRMT5) in HEK293 cells. A genome-wide survey of actin R256me1 mark provides a landscape for nuclear actin correlated with transcription. Further, gene expression and protein interaction studies uncover extensive correlations between actin R256me1 and active transcription. The discovery of actin R256me1 mark suggests a fundamental mechanism to distinguish nuclear actin from cytoplasmic actin through post-translational modification (PTM) and potentially implicates an actin PTM mark in transcription and human diseases. Nuclear actin and actin PTMs are poorly understood. Kumar et al. discover a system of actin PTMs similar to histone PTMs, including a conserved mark on nuclear actin (R256me1) with potential implications for transcription and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Amelie Albrecht
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pau Biak Sang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Adrian Maples
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Zhenan Liu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rohit Reja
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chia-Fang Lee
- ICMB Proteomics Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Maria D Person
- ICMB Proteomics Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - B Franklin Pugh
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kristine E Kamm
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuetong Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
| | - Prabodh Kapoor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
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29
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Liang Z, Wen C, Jiang H, Ma S, Liu X. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Functions via Interacting Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725301. [PMID: 34513846 PMCID: PMC8432624 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are involved in such biological processes as transcription regulation, DNA repair, RNA splicing, and signal transduction, etc. In this study, we mainly focused on PRMT5, a member of the type II PRMTs, which functions mainly alongside other interacting proteins. PRMT5 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers and other diseases, and is involved in the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus infection, viral carcinogenesis, spliceosome, hepatitis B, cell cycles, and various signaling pathways. We analyzed the regulatory roles of PRMT5 and interacting proteins in various biological processes above-mentioned, to elucidate for the first time the interaction between PRMT5 and its interacting proteins. This systemic analysis will enrich the biological theory and contribute to the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Lab of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaowei Wen
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heya Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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30
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Mulvaney KM, Blomquist C, Acharya N, Li R, Ranaghan MJ, O'Keefe M, Rodriguez DJ, Young MJ, Kesar D, Pal D, Stokes M, Nelson AJ, Jain SS, Yang A, Mullin-Bernstein Z, Columbus J, Bozal FK, Skepner A, Raymond D, LaRussa S, McKinney DC, Freyzon Y, Baidi Y, Porter D, Aguirre AJ, Ianari A, McMillan B, Sellers WR. Molecular basis for substrate recruitment to the PRMT5 methylosome. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3481-3495.e7. [PMID: 34358446 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PRMT5 is an essential arginine methyltransferase and a therapeutic target in MTAP-null cancers. PRMT5 uses adaptor proteins for substrate recruitment through a previously undefined mechanism. Here, we identify an evolutionarily conserved peptide sequence shared among the three known substrate adaptors (CLNS1A, RIOK1, and COPR5) and show that it is necessary and sufficient for interaction with PRMT5. We demonstrate that PRMT5 uses modular adaptor proteins containing a common binding motif for substrate recruitment, comparable with other enzyme classes such as kinases and E3 ligases. We structurally resolve the interface with PRMT5 and show via genetic perturbation that it is required for methylation of adaptor-recruited substrates including the spliceosome, histones, and ribosomal complexes. Furthermore, disruption of this site affects Sm spliceosome activity, leading to intron retention. Genetic disruption of the PRMT5-substrate adaptor interface impairs growth of MTAP-null tumor cells and is thus a site for development of therapeutic inhibitors of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Ranaghan
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meghan O'Keefe
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Skepner
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donald Raymond
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Salvatore LaRussa
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David C McKinney
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dale Porter
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cedilla Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brian McMillan
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Tango Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William R Sellers
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Protein arginine methylation: from enigmatic functions to therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:509-530. [PMID: 33742187 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets. PRMTs regulate transcription, splicing, RNA biology, the DNA damage response and cell metabolism; these fundamental processes are altered in many diseases. Mechanistically understanding how these enzymes fuel and sustain cancer cells, especially in specific metabolic contexts or in the presence of certain mutations, has provided the rationale for targeting them in oncology. Ongoing inhibitor development, facilitated by structural biology, has generated tool compounds for the majority of PRMTs and enabled clinical programmes for the most advanced oncology targets, PRMT1 and PRMT5. In-depth mechanistic investigations using genetic and chemical tools continue to delineate the roles of PRMTs in regulating immune cells and cancer cells, and cardiovascular and neuronal function, and determine which pathways involving PRMTs could be synergistically targeted in combination therapies for cancer. This research is enhancing our knowledge of the complex functions of arginine methylation, will guide future clinical development and could identify new clinical indications.
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32
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Hanel W, Epperla N. Evolving therapeutic landscape in follicular lymphoma: a look at emerging and investigational therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:104. [PMID: 34193230 PMCID: PMC8247091 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular Lymphoma (FL) is the most common subtype of indolent B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The clinical course can be very heterogeneous with some patients being safely observed over many years without ever requiring treatment to other patients having more rapidly progressive disease requiring multiple lines of treatment for disease control. Front-line treatment of advanced FL has historically consisted of chemoimmunotherapy but has extended to immunomodulatory agents such as lenalidomide. In the relapsed setting, several exciting therapies that target the underlying biology and immune microenvironment have emerged, most notable among them include targeted therapies such as phosphoinositide-3 kinase and Enhancer of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 inhibitors and cellular therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T cells and bispecific T cell engagers. There are several combination therapies currently in clinical trials that appear promising. These therapies will likely reshape the treatment approach for patients with relapsed and refractory FL in the coming years. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the emerging and investigational therapies in FL and discuss how these agents will impact the therapeutic landscape in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Narendranath Epperla
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1110E Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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33
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Quinlan RBA, Brennan PE. Chemogenomics for drug discovery: clinical molecules from open access chemical probes. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:759-795. [PMID: 34458810 PMCID: PMC8341094 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years chemical probes have proved valuable tools for the validation of disease-modifying targets, facilitating investigation of target function, safety, and translation. Whilst probes and drugs often differ in their properties, there is a belief that chemical probes are useful for translational studies and can accelerate the drug discovery process by providing a starting point for small molecule drugs. This review seeks to describe clinical candidates that have been inspired by, or derived from, chemical probes, and the process behind their development. By focusing primarily on examples of probes developed by the Structural Genomics Consortium, we examine a variety of epigenetic modulators along with other classes of probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B A Quinlan
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
- Alzheimer's Research (UK) Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
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34
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Sloan SL, Renaldo KA, Long M, Chung JH, Courtney LE, Shilo K, Youssef Y, Schlotter S, Brown F, Klamer BG, Zhang X, Yilmaz AS, Ozer HG, Valli VE, Vaddi K, Scherle P, Alinari L, Kisseberth WC, Baiocchi RA. Validation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a candidate therapeutic target in the spontaneous canine model of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250839. [PMID: 33989303 PMCID: PMC8121334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of blood cancers arising in lymphoid tissues that commonly effects both humans and dogs. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme that catalyzes the symmetric di-methylation of arginine residues, is frequently overexpressed and dysregulated in both human solid and hematologic malignancies. In human lymphoma, PRMT5 is a known driver of malignant transformation and oncogenesis, however, the expression and role of PRMT5 in canine lymphoma has not been explored. To explore canine lymphoma as a useful comparison to human lymphoma while validating PRMT5 as a rational therapeutic target in both, we characterized expression patterns of PRMT5 in canine lymphoma tissue microarrays, primary lymphoid biopsies, and canine lymphoma-derived cell lines. The inhibition of PRMT5 led to growth suppression and induction of apoptosis, while selectively decreasing global marks of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and histone H4 arginine 3 symmetric dimethylation. We performed ATAC-sequencing and gene expression microarrays with pathway enrichment analysis to characterize genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility and whole-transcriptome changes in canine lymphoma cells lines upon PRMT5 inhibition. This work validates PRMT5 as a promising therapeutic target for canine lymphoma and supports the continued use of the spontaneously occurring canine lymphoma model for the preclinical development of PRMT5 inhibitors for the treatment of human NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Sloan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kyle A. Renaldo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie Long
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lindsay E. Courtney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Shilo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah Schlotter
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fiona Brown
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brett G. Klamer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ayse S. Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hatice G. Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Victor E. Valli
- VDx Veterinary Diagnostics, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kris Vaddi
- Prelude Therapeutics, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Peggy Scherle
- Prelude Therapeutics, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William C. Kisseberth
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WCK); (RAB)
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WCK); (RAB)
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35
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Jurado M, Castaño Ó, Zorzano A. Stochastic modulation evidences a transitory EGF-Ras-ERK MAPK activity induced by PRMT5. Comput Biol Med 2021; 133:104339. [PMID: 33910125 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway involves a three-step cascade of kinases that transduce signals and promote processes such as cell growth, development, and apoptosis. An aberrant response of this pathway is related to the proliferation of cell diseases and tumors. By using simulation modeling, we document that the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) modulates the MAPK pathway and thus avoids an aberrant behavior. PRMT5 methylates the Raf kinase, reducing its catalytic activity and thereby, reducing the activation of ERK in time and amplitude. Two minimal computational models of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-Ras-ERK MAPK pathway influenced by PRMT5 were proposed: a first model in which PRMT5 is activated by EGF and a second one in which PRMT5 is stimulated by the cascade response. The reported results show that PRMT5 reduces the time duration and the expression of the activated ERK in both cases, but only in the first model PRMT5 limits the EGF range that generates an ERK activation. Based on our data, we propose the protein PRMT5 as a regulatory factor to develop strategies to fight against an excessive activity of the MAPK pathway, which could be of use in chronic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jurado
- Biotechnology Ph.D. Programme, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Bioelectronics Unit and Nanobioengineering Lab., Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Marjon K, Kalev P, Marks K. Cancer Dependencies: PRMT5 and MAT2A in MTAP/p16-Deleted Cancers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of targeted therapies that selectively exploit the genetic inactivation of specific tumor suppressors remains a major challenge. This includes the prevalent deletion of the CDKN2A/ MTAP locus, which was first reported nearly 40 years ago. The more recent advent of RNA interference and functional genomic screening technologies led to the identification of hidden collateral lethalities occurring with passenger deletions of MTAP in cancer cells. In particular, small-molecule inhibition of the type II arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 and the S-adenosylmethionine-producing enzyme MAT2A each presents a precision medicine approach for the treatment of patients whose tumors have homozygous loss of MTAP. In this review, we highlight key aspects of MTAP, PRMT5, and MAT2A biology to provide a conceptual framework for developing novel therapeutic strategies in tumors with MTAP deletion and to summarize ongoing efforts to drug PRMT5 and MAT2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Marjon
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter Kalev
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kevin Marks
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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37
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Kalev P, Hyer ML, Gross S, Konteatis Z, Chen CC, Fletcher M, Lein M, Aguado-Fraile E, Frank V, Barnett A, Mandley E, Goldford J, Chen Y, Sellers K, Hayes S, Lizotte K, Quang P, Tuncay Y, Clasquin M, Peters R, Weier J, Simone E, Murtie J, Liu W, Nagaraja R, Dang L, Sui Z, Biller SA, Travins J, Marks KM, Marjon K. MAT2A Inhibition Blocks the Growth of MTAP-Deleted Cancer Cells by Reducing PRMT5-Dependent mRNA Splicing and Inducing DNA Damage. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:209-224.e11. [PMID: 33450196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene is located adjacent to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) tumor-suppressor gene and is co-deleted with CDKN2A in approximately 15% of all cancers. This co-deletion leads to aggressive tumors with poor prognosis that lack effective, molecularly targeted therapies. The metabolic enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase 2α (MAT2A) was identified as a synthetic lethal target in MTAP-deleted cancers. We report the characterization of potent MAT2A inhibitors that substantially reduce levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and demonstrate antiproliferative activity in MTAP-deleted cancer cells and tumors. Using RNA sequencing and proteomics, we demonstrate that MAT2A inhibition is mechanistically linked to reduced protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activity and splicing perturbations. We further show that DNA damage and mitotic defects ensue upon MAT2A inhibition in HCT116 MTAP-/- cells, providing a rationale for combining the MAT2A clinical candidate AG-270 with antimitotic taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kalev
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc L Hyer
- Pharmacology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefan Gross
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zenon Konteatis
- Chemistry, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chen
- Bioinformatics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Fletcher
- Bioinformatics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Max Lein
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elia Aguado-Fraile
- Clinical Biomarkers, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Victoria Frank
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amelia Barnett
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Everton Mandley
- Pharmacology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Goldford
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katie Sellers
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian Hayes
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kate Lizotte
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Phong Quang
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yesim Tuncay
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Clasquin
- Cell Metabolism, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rachel Peters
- Toxicology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jaclyn Weier
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Simone
- Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Murtie
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Pharmacology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Bioinformatics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raj Nagaraja
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lenny Dang
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhihua Sui
- Chemistry, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Scott A Biller
- Chemistry, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy Travins
- Chemistry, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin M Marks
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katya Marjon
- Biology, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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38
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Yuan Y, Nie H. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5: a potential cancer therapeutic target. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:33-44. [PMID: 33469838 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRMT5 is a type II protein arginine methyltransferase that methylates histone or non-histone proteins. Arginine methylation by PRMT5 has been implicated in gene transcription, ribosome biogenesis, RNA transport, pre-mRNA splicing and signal transduction. High expression of PRMT5 has been observed in various cancers and PRMT5 overexpression has been reported to improve cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration and metabolism and to inhibit cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, PRMT5 has been found to be required for cancer stem cell survival, self-renewal and differentiation. Several microRNAs have been shown to regulate PRMT5 expression. As PRMT5 has oncogene-like properties, several PRMT5 inhibitors have been used to explore their efficacy as potential drugs for different types of cancer, and three of them are now being tested in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of PRMT5 in cancer development and progression, including its functions and underlying mechanisms. In addition, we highlight the rapid development of PRMT5 inhibitors and summarize ongoing clinical trials for cancer therapy. By affecting both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, PRMT5 inhibitors may serve as effective anti-cancer agents, especially when combined with immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Shailesh H, Siveen KS, Sif S. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activates WNT/β-catenin signalling in breast cancer cells via epigenetic silencing of DKK1 and DKK3. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1583-1600. [PMID: 33462997 PMCID: PMC7875925 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activity is dysregulated in many aggressive cancers and its enhanced levels are associated with increased tumour growth and survival. However, the role of PRMT5 in breast cancer remains underexplored. In this study, we show that PRMT5 is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines, and that it promotes WNT/β-CATENIN proliferative signalling through epigenetic silencing of pathway antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, leading to enhanced expression of c-MYC, CYCLIN D1 and SURVIVIN. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies, we found that PRMT5 binds to the promoter region of WNT antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, and induces symmetric methylation of H3R8 and H4R3 histones. Our findings also show that PRMT5 inhibition using a specific small molecule inhibitor, compound 5 (CMP5), reduces PRMT5 recruitment as well as methylation of H3R8 and H4R3 histones in the promoter regions of DKK1 and DKK3, which consequently results in reduced expression CYCLIN D1 and SURVIVIN. Furthermore, CMP5 treatment either alone or in combination with 5-Azacytidine and Trichostatin A restored expression of DKK1 and DKK3 in TNBCs. PRMT5 inhibition also altered the growth characteristics of breast cancer cells and induced their death. Collectively, these results show that PRMT5 controls breast cancer cell growth through epigenetic silencing of WNT/β-CATENIN pathway antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, resulting in up-regulation of WNT/β-CATENIN proliferative signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shailesh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodappully S Siveen
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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40
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Bryant JP, Heiss J, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK. Arginine Methylation in Brain Tumors: Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010124. [PMID: 33440687 PMCID: PMC7827394 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the modification of target proteins by adding methyl groups to the guanidino nitrogen atoms of arginine residues. Protein arginine methylation takes part in epigenetic and cellular regulation and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and tumor progression. Aberrant expression of PRMTs is associated with the development of brain tumors such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Identifying PRMTs as plausible contributors to tumorigenesis has led to preclinical and clinical investigations of PRMT inhibitors for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of arginine methylation in cancer biology and provide an update on the use of small molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to treat glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and other cancers.
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41
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Wang N, Wu D, Long Q, Yan Y, Chen X, Zhao Z, Yan H, Zhang X, Xu M, Deng W, Liu X. Dysregulated YY1/PRMT5 axis promotes the progression and metastasis of laryngeal cancer by targeting Hippo pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020. [PMCID: PMC7812261 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases lead to high mortality in laryngeal cancer, but the regulation of its underlying mechanisms remains elusive. We identified Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) was significantly up‐regulated in laryngeal cancer tissues, which predicts poor patient prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that PRMT5 overexpression promoted the invasive capacity and lymph node metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic experiments suggested that LATS2 was a downstream target of PRMT5. PRMT5 inhibition increased the expression of LATS2 and YAP phosphorylation in laryngeal cancer cells, thereby promoting laryngeal cancer metastasis. Furthermore, informatics and experimental data confirmed that PRMT5 gene was transcriptionally activated by YY1. Collectively, our results unravelled the important role of PRMT5 in laryngeal cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. The dysregulation YY1/PRMT5/LATS2/YAP axis may contribute to laryngeal cancer progression; thus, PRMT5 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Life Sciences Jiaying University Meizhou China
| | - Di Wu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Qian Long
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yue Yan
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Honghong Yan
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Meilan Xu
- School of Life Sciences Jiaying University Meizhou China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xuekui Liu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
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42
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Eddershaw AR, Stubbs CJ, Edwardes LV, Underwood E, Hamm GR, Davey PRJ, Clarkson PN, Syson K. Characterization of the Kinetic Mechanism of Human Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4775-4786. [PMID: 33274632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are of great interest for the development of therapeutics due to their involvement in a number of malignancies, such as lung and colon cancer. PRMT5 catalyzes the formation of symmetrical dimethylarginine of a wide variety of substrates and is responsible for the majority of this mark within cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of PRMT5 inhibition, we co-expressed the human PRMT5:MEP50 complex (hPRMT5:MEP50) in insect cells for a detailed mechanistic study. In this report, we carry out steady state, product, and dead-end inhibitor studies that show hPRMT5:MEP50 uses a rapid equilibrium random order mechanism with EAP and EBQ dead-end complexes. We also provide evidence of ternary complex formation in solution using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Isotope exchange and intact protein mass spectrometry further rule out ping-pong as a potential enzyme mechanism, and finally, we show that PRMT5 exhibits a pre-steady state burst that corresponds to an initial slow turnover with all four active sites of the hetero-octamer being catalytically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Eddershaw
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Christopher J Stubbs
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Lucy V Edwardes
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Underwood
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gregory R Hamm
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul R J Davey
- Chemistry, Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul N Clarkson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Karl Syson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
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43
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Beketova E, Fang S, Owens JL, Liu S, Chen X, Zhang Q, Asberry AM, Deng X, Malola J, Huang J, Li C, Pili R, Elzey BD, Ratliff TL, Wan J, Hu CD. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Promotes pICln-Dependent Androgen Receptor Transcription in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4904-4917. [PMID: 32999000 PMCID: PMC7669631 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The majority of advanced prostate cancer therapies aim to inhibit androgen receptor (AR) signaling. However, AR reactivation inevitably drives disease progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here we demonstrate that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) functions as an epigenetic activator of AR transcription in CRPC, requiring cooperation with a methylosome subunit pICln. In vitro and in xenograft tumors in mice, targeting PRMT5 or pICln suppressed growth of CRPC cells. Full-length AR and AR-V7 transcription activation required both PRMT5 and pICln but not MEP50. This activation of transcription was accompanied by PRMT5-mediated symmetric dimethylation of H4R3 at the proximal AR promoter. Further, knockdown of PRMT5 abolished the binding of pICln (but not vice versa) to the AR proximal promoter region, suggesting that PRMT5 recruits pICln to the AR promoter to activate AR transcription. Differential gene expression analysis in 22Rv1 cells confirmed that PRMT5 and pICln both regulate the androgen signaling pathway. In addition, PRMT5 and pICln protein expression positively correlated with AR and AR-V7 protein expression in CRPC tissues and their expression was highly correlated at the mRNA level across multiple publicly available CRPC datasets. Our results suggest that targeting PRMT5 or pICln may be explored as a novel therapy for CRPC treatment by suppressing expression of AR and AR splice variants to circumvent AR reactivation. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides evidence that targeting PRMT5 can eliminate expression of AR and can be explored as a novel therapeutic approach to treat metastatic hormone-naïve and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Beketova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shuyi Fang
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jake L Owens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,The Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Caroline
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Caroline
| | - Andrew M Asberry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jonathan Malola
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Caroline
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Roberto Pili
- Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,The Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,The Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. .,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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44
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Zhang BJ, Chen D, Dekker FJ, Quax WJ. Improving TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancers by interfering with histone modifications. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:791-803. [PMID: 35582230 PMCID: PMC8992553 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation refers to alterations to the chromatin template that collectively establish differential patterns of gene transcription. Post-translational modifications of the histones play a key role in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies on the role of histone modifications in carcinogenesis. Since tumour-selective ligands such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) are well-considered as promising anti-tumour therapies, we summarise strategies for improving TRAIL sensitivity by inhibiting aberrant histone modifications in cancers. In this perspective we also discuss new epigenetic drug targets for enhancing TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jie Zhang
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Deng Chen
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Dekker
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
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45
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 in T Lymphocyte Biology. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:918-931. [PMID: 32888819 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the major methyltransferase (MT) catalyzing symmetric dimethylation (SDM). PRMT5 regulates developmental, homeostatic and disease processes in vertebrates and invertebrates, and a carcinogenic role has been observed in mammals. Recently, tools generated for PRMT5 loss of function have allowed researchers to demonstrate essential roles for PRMT5 in mouse and human lymphocyte biology. PRMT5 modulates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell development in the thymus, peripheral homeostasis, and differentiation into CD4+ helper T lymphocyte (Th)17 cell phenotypes. Here, we provide a timely review of the milestones leading to our current understanding of PRMT5 in T cell biology, discuss current tools to modify PRMT5 expression/activity, and highlight mechanistic pathways.
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46
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Szulik MW, Davis K, Bakhtina A, Azarcon P, Bia R, Horiuchi E, Franklin S. Transcriptional regulation by methyltransferases and their role in the heart: highlighting novel emerging functionality. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H847-H865. [PMID: 32822544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00382.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methyltransferases are a superfamily of enzymes that transfer methyl groups to proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules. Traditionally, these enzymes have been shown to carry out a specific modification (mono-, di-, or trimethylation) on a single, or limited number of, amino acid(s). The largest subgroup of this family, protein methyltransferases, target arginine and lysine side chains of histone molecules to regulate gene expression. Although there is a large number of functional studies that have been performed on individual methyltransferases describing their methylation targets and effects on biological processes, no analyses exist describing the spatial distribution across tissues or their differential expression in the diseased heart. For this review, we performed tissue profiling in protein databases of 199 confirmed or putative methyltransferases to demonstrate the unique tissue-specific expression of these individual proteins. In addition, we examined transcript data sets from human heart failure patients and murine models of heart disease to identify 40 methyltransferases in humans and 15 in mice, which are differentially regulated in the heart, although many have never been functionally interrogated. Lastly, we focused our analysis on the largest subgroup, that of protein methyltransferases, and present a newly emerging phenomenon in which 16 of these enzymes have been shown to play dual roles in regulating transcription by maintaining the ability to both activate and repress transcription through methyltransferase-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Overall, this review highlights a novel paradigm shift in our understanding of the function of histone methyltransferases and correlates their expression in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W Szulik
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kathryn Davis
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anna Bakhtina
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Presley Azarcon
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan Bia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Emilee Horiuchi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sarah Franklin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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47
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Spriano F, Stathis A, Bertoni F. Targeting BET bromodomain proteins in cancer: The example of lymphomas. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107631. [PMID: 32693114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Bromo- and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) family proteins act as "readers" of acetylated histones and they are important transcription regulators. BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, part of the BET family, are important in different tumors, where upregulation or translocation often occurs. The potential of targeting BET proteins as anti-cancer treatment originated with data obtained with a first series of compounds, and there are now several data supporting BET inhibition in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Despite very positive preclinical data in different tumor types, the clinical results have been so far moderate. Using lymphoma as an example to review the data produced in the laboratory and in the context of the early clinical trials, we discuss the modalities to make BET targeting more efficient both generating novel generation of compounds and by exploring the combination with small molecules affecting various signaling pathways, BCL2, or DNA damage response signaling, but also with additional epigenetic agents and with immunotherapy. We also discuss the mechanisms of resistance and the toxicity profiles so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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48
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Abstract
Protein methyl transferases play critical roles in numerous regulatory pathways that underlie cancer development, progression and therapy-response. Here we discuss the function of PRMT5, a member of the nine-member PRMT family, in controlling oncogenic processes including tumor intrinsic, as well as extrinsic microenvironmental signaling pathways. We discuss PRMT5 effect on histone methylation and methylation of regulatory proteins including those involved in RNA splicing, cell cycle, cell death and metabolic signaling. In all, we highlight the importance of PRMT5 regulation and function in cancer, which provide the foundation for therapeutic modalities targeting PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoo Kim
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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49
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Schnormeier AK, Pommerenke C, Kaufmann M, Drexler HG, Koeppel M. Genomic deregulation of PRMT5 supports growth and stress tolerance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9775. [PMID: 32555249 PMCID: PMC7299935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) display highly diverse clinical courses ranging from indolent cases to aggressive disease, with genetic and epigenetic features resembling this diversity. Here, we developed a comprehensive approach combining a variety of molecular and clinical data to pinpoint translocation events disrupting long-range chromatin interactions and causing cancer-relevant transcriptional deregulation. Thereby, we discovered a B cell specific cis-regulatory element restricting the expression of genes in the associated locus, including PRMT5 and DAD1, two factors with oncogenic potential. Experimental PRMT5 inhibition identified transcriptional programs similar to those in patients with differences in PRMT5 abundance, especially MYC-driven and stress response pathways. In turn, such inhibition impairs factors involved in DNA repair, sensitizing cells for apoptosis. Moreover, we show that artificial deletion of the regulatory element from its endogenous context resulted in upregulation of corresponding genes, including PRMT5. Furthermore, such disruption renders PRMT5 transcription vulnerable to additional stimuli and subsequently alters the expression of downstream PRMT5 targets. These studies provide a mechanism of PRMT5 deregulation in CLL and the molecular dependencies identified might have therapeutic implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Schnormeier
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Cell Biology (Tumor Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Max Koeppel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Assi W, Hirose T, Wada S, Matsuura R, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. PRMT5 Is Required for Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection In Vivo and Regulates BLV Gene Expression, Syncytium Formation, and Glycosylation In Vitro. Viruses 2020; 12:E650. [PMID: 32560231 PMCID: PMC7354529 DOI: 10.3390/v12060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses. We investigated the role of a new host protein, PRMT5, in BLV infection. We found that PRMT5 is overexpressed only in BLV-infected cattle with a high proviral load, but not in those with a low proviral load. Furthermore, this upregulation continued to the lymphoma stage. PRMT5 expression was upregulated in response to experimental BLV infection; moreover, PRMT5 upregulation began in an early stage of BLV infection rather than after a long period of proviral latency. Second, siRNA-mediated PRMT5 knockdown enhanced BLV gene expression at the transcript and protein levels. Additionally, a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PRMT5 (CMP5) enhanced BLV gene expression. Interestingly, CMP5 treatment, but not siRNA knockdown, altered the gp51 glycosylation pattern and increased the molecular weight of gp51, thereby decreasing BLV-induced syncytium formation. This was supported by the observation that CMP5 treatment enhanced the formation of the complex type of N-glycan more than the high mannose type. In conclusion, PRMT5 overexpression is related to the development of BLV infection with a high proviral load and lymphoma stage and PRMT5 inhibition enhances BLV gene expression. This is the first study to investigate the role of PRMT5 in BLV infection in vivo and in vitro and to reveal a novel function for a small-molecule compound in BLV-gp51 glycosylation processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wlaa Assi
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone program, Riken Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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