1
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Du Y, Yang L, Qi S, Chen Z, Sun M, Wu M, Wu B, Tao F, Xiong H. Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia With CBFA2T3-GLIS2 Fusion Gene. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:96-103. [PMID: 38315896 PMCID: PMC10898546 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
CBFA2T3-GLIS2 is the most frequent chimeric oncogene identified to date in non-Down syndrome acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL), which is associated with extremely poor clinical outcome. The presence of this fusion gene is associated with resistance to high-intensity chemotherapy, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and a high cumulative incidence of relapse frequency. The clinical features and clinical effects of China Children's Leukemia Group-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 2015/2019 regimens and haploidentical HSCT (haplo-HSCT) for treatment of 6 children harboring the CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion gene between January 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The 6 patients included 4 boys and 2 girls with a median disease-onset age of 19.5 months (range: 6-67 mo) who were diagnosed with AMKL. Flow cytometry demonstrated CD41a, CD42b, and CD56 expression and lack of HLA-DR expression in all 6 patients. All the children were negative for common leukemia fusion genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, but positive for the CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion gene by next-generation sequencing and RNA sequencing. All patients received chemotherapy according to China Children's Leukemia Group-AML 2015/2019 regimens, and 4 achieved complete remission. Four children underwent haplo-HSCT with posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based conditioning; 3 had minimal residual disease negative (minimal residual disease <0.1%) confirmed by flow cytometry at the end of the follow-up, with the remaining patient experiencing relapse at 12 months after transplantation. Transcriptome RNA sequencing is required for the detection of the CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion gene and for proper risk-based allocation of pediatric patients with AML in future clinical strategies. Haplo-HSCT with posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based conditioning may improve survival in children with AMKL harboring the fusion gene.
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MESH Headings
- Male
- Female
- Child
- Humans
- Infant
- Child, Preschool
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/diagnosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Cyclophosphamide
- Recurrence
- Repressor Proteins
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Li Yang
- Pediatric Hematological Tumor Disease Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Pediatric Hematological Tumor Disease Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Ming Sun
- Pediatric Hematological Tumor Disease Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wu
- Pediatric Hematological Tumor Disease Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
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2
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Brown A, Batra S. Rare Hematologic Malignancies and Pre-Leukemic Entities in Children and Adolescents Young Adults. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:997. [PMID: 38473358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There are a variety of rare hematologic malignancies and germline predispositions syndromes that occur in children and adolescent young adults (AYAs). These entities are important to recognize, as an accurate diagnosis is essential for risk assessment, prognostication, and treatment. This descriptive review summarizes rare hematologic malignancies, myelodysplastic neoplasms, and germline predispositions syndromes that occur in children and AYAs. We discuss the unique biology, characteristic genomic aberrations, rare presentations, diagnostic challenges, novel treatments, and outcomes associated with these rare entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Brown
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sandeep Batra
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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3
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Schnitzler GR, Kang H, Fang S, Angom RS, Lee-Kim VS, Ma XR, Zhou R, Zeng T, Guo K, Taylor MS, Vellarikkal SK, Barry AE, Sias-Garcia O, Bloemendal A, Munson G, Guckelberger P, Nguyen TH, Bergman DT, Hinshaw S, Cheng N, Cleary B, Aragam K, Lander ES, Finucane HK, Mukhopadhyay D, Gupta RM, Engreitz JM. Convergence of coronary artery disease genes onto endothelial cell programs. Nature 2024; 626:799-807. [PMID: 38326615 PMCID: PMC10921916 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Linking variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to underlying mechanisms of disease remains a challenge1-3. For some diseases, a successful strategy has been to look for cases in which multiple GWAS loci contain genes that act in the same biological pathway1-6. However, our knowledge of which genes act in which pathways is incomplete, particularly for cell-type-specific pathways or understudied genes. Here we introduce a method to connect GWAS variants to functions. This method links variants to genes using epigenomics data, links genes to pathways de novo using Perturb-seq and integrates these data to identify convergence of GWAS loci onto pathways. We apply this approach to study the role of endothelial cells in genetic risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), and discover 43 CAD GWAS signals that converge on the cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) signalling pathway. Two regulators of this pathway, CCM2 and TLNRD1, are each linked to a CAD risk variant, regulate other CAD risk genes and affect atheroprotective processes in endothelial cells. These results suggest a model whereby CAD risk is driven in part by the convergence of causal genes onto a particular transcriptional pathway in endothelial cells. They highlight shared genes between common and rare vascular diseases (CAD and CCM), and identify TLNRD1 as a new, previously uncharacterized member of the CCM signalling pathway. This approach will be widely useful for linking variants to functions for other common polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Schnitzler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Kang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shi Fang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramcharan S Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Vivian S Lee-Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Rosa Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronghao Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Guo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shamsudheen K Vellarikkal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aurelie E Barry
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Sias-Garcia
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Bloemendal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glen Munson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tung H Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Drew T Bergman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Cheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Cleary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Biological Design Center, and Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna Aragam
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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4
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Gress V, Roussy M, Boulianne L, Bilodeau M, Cardin S, El-Hachem N, Lisi V, Khakipoor B, Rouette A, Farah A, Théret L, Aubert L, Fatima F, Audemard É, Thibault P, Bonneil É, Chagraoui J, Laramée L, Gendron P, Jouan L, Jammali S, Paré B, Simpson SM, Tran TH, Duval M, Teira P, Bittencourt H, Santiago R, Barabé F, Sauvageau G, Smith MA, Hébert J, Roux PP, Gruber TA, Lavallée VP, Wilhelm BT, Cellot S. CBFA2T3::GLIS2 pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is sensitive to BCL-XL inhibition by navitoclax and DT2216. Blood Adv 2024; 8:112-129. [PMID: 37729615 PMCID: PMC10787250 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare, developmentally restricted, and highly lethal cancer of early childhood. The paucity and hypocellularity (due to myelofibrosis) of primary patient samples hamper the discovery of cell- and genotype-specific treatments. AMKL is driven by mutually exclusive chimeric fusion oncogenes in two-thirds of the cases, with CBFA2T3::GLIS2 (CG2) and NUP98 fusions (NUP98r) representing the highest-fatality subgroups. We established CD34+ cord blood-derived CG2 models (n = 6) that sustain serial transplantation and recapitulate human leukemia regarding immunophenotype, leukemia-initiating cell frequencies, comutational landscape, and gene expression signature, with distinct upregulation of the prosurvival factor B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2). Cell membrane proteomic analyses highlighted CG2 surface markers preferentially expressed on leukemic cells compared with CD34+ cells (eg, NCAM1 and CD151). AMKL differentiation block in the mega-erythroid progenitor space was confirmed by single-cell profiling. Although CG2 cells were rather resistant to BCL2 genetic knockdown or selective pharmacological inhibition with venetoclax, they were vulnerable to strategies that target the megakaryocytic prosurvival factor BCL-XL (BCL2L1), including in vitro and in vivo treatment with BCL2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor navitoclax and DT2216, a selective BCL-XL proteolysis-targeting chimera degrader developed to limit thrombocytopenia in patients. NUP98r AMKL were also sensitive to BCL-XL inhibition but not the NUP98r monocytic leukemia, pointing to a lineage-specific dependency. Navitoclax or DT2216 treatment in combination with low-dose cytarabine further reduced leukemic burden in mice. This work extends the cellular and molecular diversity set of human AMKL models and uncovers BCL-XL as a therapeutic vulnerability in CG2 and NUP98r AMKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gress
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roussy
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Boulianne
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Bilodeau
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Cardin
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nehme El-Hachem
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Lisi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Banafsheh Khakipoor
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Rouette
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Azer Farah
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Théret
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Léo Aubert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Furat Fatima
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Audemard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jalila Chagraoui
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louise Laramée
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Gendron
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Loubna Jouan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Safa Jammali
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bastien Paré
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shawn M Simpson
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thai Hoa Tran
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Duval
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Teira
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Henrique Bittencourt
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Raoul Santiago
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Barabé
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin A Smith
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian T Wilhelm
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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5
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Zhang W, Dun J, Li H, Liu J, Chen H, Yu H, Xu J, Zhou F, Qiu Y, Hao J, Hu Q, Wu X. Analysis 33 patients of non-DS-AMKL with or without acquired trisomy 21 from multiple centers and compared to 118 AML patients. Hematology 2023; 28:2231731. [PMID: 37522469 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2231731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) without Down syndrome (non-DS-AMKL) usually a worse outcome than DS-AMKL. Acquired trisomy 21(+21) was one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in non-DS-AMKL. Knowledge of the difference in the clinical characteristics and prognosis between non-DS-AMKL with +21 and those without +21 is limited. OBJECTIVE Verify the clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-DS-AMKL with +21. METHOD We retrospectively analyzed 33 non-DS-AMKL pediatric patients and 118 other types of AML, along with their clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and treatment response. RESULTS Compared with AMKL without +21, AMKL with +21 has a lower platelet count (44.04 ± 5.01G/L) at onset (P > 0.05). Differences in remission rates between AMKL and other types of AML were not significant. Acquired trisomy 8 in AMKL was negatively correlated with the long-term OS rate (P < 0.05), while +21 may not be an impact factor. Compared with the other types of AML, AMKL has a younger onset age (P < 0.05), with a mean of 22.27 months. Anemia, hemorrhage, lymph node enlargement, lower white blood cell, and complex karyotype were more common in AMKL (P < 0.05). AMKL has a longer time interval between onset to diagnosis (53.61 ± 71.15 days) (P < 0.05), and patients with a diagnosis delay ≥3 months always presented as thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia initially. CONCLUSIONS Due to high heterogeneity, high misdiagnosis rate, and myelofibrosis, parts of AMKL may take a long time to be diagnosed, requiring repeated bone marrow punctures. Complex karyotype was common in AMKL. +21 may not be a promising indicator of a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Dun
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhen Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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6
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de Matos RRC, Ferreira GM, Bonecker S, Rouxinol M, da Costa ES, Mello FV, Abdelhay E, Ribeiro RC, Zalcberg I, Silva MLM. BCR- ABL1 co-occurring with CBFA2T3- GLIS2 and RAM immunophenotype in a non-Down syndrome infant with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:2042-2046. [PMID: 37548333 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2243532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto R Capela de Matos
- Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, and Post Graduation Program in Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerson Moura Ferreira
- Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, and Post Graduation Program in Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Bonecker
- Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, and Post Graduation Program in Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Sobral da Costa
- Clinical Medicine Post-Graduation Program, Faculty of Medicine, and Pediatrics Institute IPPMG, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana V Mello
- Clinical Medicine Post-Graduation Program, Faculty of Medicine, and Pediatrics Institute IPPMG, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, and Post Graduation Program in Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ilana Zalcberg
- Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, and Post Graduation Program in Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Macedo Silva
- Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, and Post Graduation Program in Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Talukdar PD, Chatterji U. Transcriptional co-activators: emerging roles in signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:427. [PMID: 37953273 PMCID: PMC10641101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific cell states in metazoans are established by the symphony of gene expression programs that necessitate intricate synergic interactions between transcription factors and the co-activators. Deregulation of these regulatory molecules is associated with cell state transitions, which in turn is accountable for diverse maladies, including developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, and most significantly, cancer. A decade back most transcription factors, the key enablers of disease development, were historically viewed as 'undruggable'; however, in the intervening years, a wealth of literature validated that they can be targeted indirectly through transcriptional co-activators, their confederates in various physiological and molecular processes. These co-activators, along with transcription factors, have the ability to initiate and modulate transcription of diverse genes necessary for normal physiological functions, whereby, deregulation of such interactions may foster tissue-specific disease phenotype. Hence, it is essential to analyze how these co-activators modulate specific multilateral processes in coordination with other factors. The proposed review attempts to elaborate an in-depth account of the transcription co-activators, their involvement in transcription regulation, and context-specific contributions to pathophysiological conditions. This review also addresses an issue that has not been dealt with in a comprehensive manner and hopes to direct attention towards future research that will encompass patient-friendly therapeutic strategies, where drugs targeting co-activators will have enhanced benefits and reduced side effects. Additional insights into currently available therapeutic interventions and the associated constraints will eventually reveal multitudes of advanced therapeutic targets aiming for disease amelioration and good patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dey Talukdar
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Urmi Chatterji
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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8
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He B, Wang C, Niu J, Wang F, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Yang Q. Fasudil promotes polyploidization of megakaryoblasts in an acute megakaryocyte leukemia model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3101-3110. [PMID: 37162543 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare neoplasm caused by abnormal megakaryoblasts. Megakaryoblasts keep dividing and avoid undergoing polyploidization to escape maturation. Small-molecule probes inducing polyploidization of megakaryocytic leukemia cells accelerate the differentiation of megakaryocytes. This study aims to determine that Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibition on megakaryoblasts enhances polyploidization and the inhibition of ROCK1 by fasudil benefits AMKL mice. The study investigated fasudil on the megakaryoblast cells in vitro and in vivo. With the differentiation and apoptosis induction, fasudil was used to treat 6133/MPLW515L mice, and the differentiation level was evaluated. Fasudil could reduce proliferation and promote the polyploidization of megakaryoblasts. Meanwhile, fasudil reduced the disease burden of 6133/MPLW515L AMKL mice at a dose that is safe for healthy mice. Combination therapy of ROCK1 inhibitor fasudil and reported clinical AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 achieved a better antileukemia effect in vivo, which alleviated hepatosplenomegaly and promoted the differentiation of megakaryoblast cells. ROCK1 inhibitor fasudil is a good proliferation inhibitor and polyploidization inducer of megakaryoblast cells and might be a novel rationale for clinical AMKL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiajia Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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9
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Li J, Kalev‐Zylinska ML. Advances in molecular characterization of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia not associated with Down syndrome; impact on therapy development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170622. [PMID: 37325571 PMCID: PMC10267407 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which leukemic blasts have megakaryocytic features. AMKL makes up 4%-15% of newly diagnosed pediatric AML, typically affecting young children (less than 2 years old). AMKL associated with Down syndrome (DS) shows GATA1 mutations and has a favorable prognosis. In contrast, AMKL in children without DS is often associated with recurrent and mutually exclusive chimeric fusion genes and has an unfavorable prognosis. This review mainly summarizes the unique features of pediatric non-DS AMKL and highlights the development of novel therapies for high-risk patients. Due to the rarity of pediatric AMKL, large-scale multi-center studies are needed to progress molecular characterization of this disease. Better disease models are also required to test leukemogenic mechanisms and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Li
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Maggie L. Kalev‐Zylinska
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Guskova NK, Selyutina ON, Lysenko IB, Kozel YY, Kozyuk OV, Dmitrieva VV, Baranenkova MA, Nozdricheva AS. Features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia diagnosis in a child with Down syndrome. ONCOHEMATOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.17650/1818-8346-2023-18-1-31-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Guskova
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - O. N. Selyutina
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - I. B. Lysenko
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - Yu. Yu. Kozel
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - O. V. Kozyuk
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - V. V. Dmitrieva
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | - A. S. Nozdricheva
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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11
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Appel LM, Benedum J, Engl M, Platzer S, Schleiffer A, Strobl X, Slade D. SPOC domain proteins in health and disease. Genes Dev 2023; 37:140-170. [PMID: 36927757 PMCID: PMC10111866 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350314.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Since it was first described >20 yr ago, the SPOC domain (Spen paralog and ortholog C-terminal domain) has been identified in many proteins all across eukaryotic species. SPOC-containing proteins regulate gene expression on various levels ranging from transcription to RNA processing, modification, export, and stability, as well as X-chromosome inactivation. Their manifold roles in controlling transcriptional output implicate them in a plethora of developmental processes, and their misregulation is often associated with cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the biophysical properties of the SPOC domain and its interaction with phosphorylated binding partners, the phylogenetic origin of SPOC domain proteins, the diverse functions of mammalian SPOC proteins and their homologs, the mechanisms by which they regulate differentiation and development, and their roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Appel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Benedum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Engl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Platzer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xué Strobl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dea Slade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Zhang A, Liu L, Zong S, Chen X, Liu C, Chang L, Chen X, Yang W, Guo Y, Zhang L, Zou Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ruan M, Zhu X. Pediatric non–Down’s syndrome acute megakaryoblastic leukemia patients in China: A single center's real-world analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940725. [PMID: 36267971 PMCID: PMC9577933 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Down’s syndrome acute megakaryocytic leukemia (non-DS-AMKL) is a subtype of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whose prognosis, prognostic factors and treatment recommendations have not yet to be defined in children. We conducted a retrospective study with 65 newly diagnosed non-DS-AMKL children from August 2003 to June 2020 to investigate the clinical impact of factors and clinical outcome. Among all 65 patients, 47 of them were treated at our center who received three different regimens due to time point of admission (CAMS-another, CAMS-2009 and CAMS-2016 protocol), and the efficacy were compared. Patients with newly diagnosed non-DS-AMKL accounted for 7.4% of pediatric AML cases. The median age of the patients was 18 months at diagnosis, and over 90% of them were under three-years-old. The overall survival (OS) rates were 33.3% ± 1.7%, 66.7% ± 24.4% and 74.2% ± 4.0% for three groups (CAMS-another, CAMS-2009 and CAMS-2016 regimen), respectively. In CAMS-2016 group, the complete remission (CR) rate after induction was 67.7% (21/31), while the total CR rate after all phases of chemotherapy was 80.6% (25/31). The 2-year survival probability did not significantly improve in patients underwent HSCT when compared with non-HSCT group (75.0% ± 4.7% vs. 73.9% ± 4.6%, p=0.680). Those who had a “dry tap” during BM aspiration at admission had significantly worse OS than those without “dry tap” (33.3% ± 8.6% vs. 84.0% ± 3.6%, p=0.006). Moreover, the results also revealed that patients with CD34+ had significantly lower OS (50.0% ± 6.7% vs. 89.5% ± 3.5%, p=0.021), whereas patients with CD36+ had significantly higher OS than those who were negative (85.0% ± 4.0% vs. 54.5% ± 6.6%, p=0.048). In conclusion, intensive chemotherapy resulted in improved prognosis of non-DS-AMKL children and subclassification may base on “dry tap” and immunophenotypic. Although some progress has been made, outcomes of non-DS-AMKL children remain unsatisfactory, especially in HSCT group, when compared with other AML types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lipeng Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Suyu Zong
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixian Chang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Ruan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Min Ruan, ; Xiaofan Zhu,
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Min Ruan, ; Xiaofan Zhu,
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13
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Rahim MQ, Lajiness JD, Saraf AJ, Shukla R, Rose RS. Leukocytosis in the Newborn. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:582-585. [PMID: 36180538 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2021-005020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahvish Q Rahim
- Department of Pediatrics.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
| | - Jacquelyn D Lajiness
- Department of Pediatrics.,Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Amanda J Saraf
- Department of Pediatrics.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
| | - Riddhi Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics.,Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Rebecca S Rose
- Department of Pediatrics.,Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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14
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Kuang Y, Shen W, Zhu H, Huang H, Zhou Q, Yin W, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Wang L, Li X, Ren C, Jiang X. The role of lncRNA just proximal to XIST (JPX) in human disease phenotypes and RNA methylation: The novel biomarker and therapeutic target potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113753. [PMID: 36179492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely related to the initialization and development of human diseases. lncRNA just proximal to XIST (JPX), as a newly identified lncRNA, has been reported to be aberrantly expressed and associated with pathophysiological traits in numerous diseases, particularly cancers. More importantly, JPX has been proven to play important roles in various biological functions, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, chemoresistance, and differentiation. In addition, we discuss the diverse molecular mechanisms and correlation with RNA methylation of JPX in several cancers. In this Review, we summarize current studies on JPX's roles in diseases and its potential application as a biomarker for both diagnoses and prognoses and a therapeutic target in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Kuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Wenyue Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province 410205, China
| | - Haoxuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Quanwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Yudong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province 410205, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China; The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
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15
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Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Pediatric Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:530-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Su N, Li Z, Yang J, Fu Y, Zhu X, Miao H, Yu Y, Jiang W, Le J, Qian X, Wang H, Qian M, Zhai X. Revealing the intratumoral heterogeneity of non-DS acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in single-cell resolution. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915833. [PMID: 36003795 PMCID: PMC9394455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by abnormal megakaryoblasts, and it is divided into the AMKL patients with Down syndrome (DS-AMKL) and AMKL patients without DS (non-DS-AMKL). Pediatric non-DS-AMKL is a heterogeneous disease with extremely poor outcome. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the bone marrow from two CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion-positive and one RBM15-MKL1 fusion-positive non-DS-AMKL children. Meanwhile, we downloaded the scRNA-seq data of normal megakaryocyte (MK) cells of the fetal liver and bone marrow from healthy donors as normal controls. We conducted cell clustering, cell-type identification, inferCNV analysis, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and Monocle2 analysis to investigate the intratumoral heterogeneity of AMKL. Using canonical markers, we identified and characterized the abnormal blasts and other normal immune cells from three AMKL samples. We found intratumoral heterogeneity of AMKL in various cell-type proportions, malignant cells’ diverse copy number variations (CNVs), maturities, significant genes expressions, and enriched pathways. We also identified potential markers for pediatric AMKL, namely, RACK1, ELOB, TRIR, NOP53, SELENOH, and CD81. Our work offered insight into the heterogeneity of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and established the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of AMKL for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narun Su
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiapeng Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Miao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjin Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Le
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Qian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowen Zhai, ; Maoxiang Qian, ; Hongsheng Wang,
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- National Children’s Medical Center and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institute of Pediatrics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowen Zhai, ; Maoxiang Qian, ; Hongsheng Wang,
| | - Xiaowen Zhai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowen Zhai, ; Maoxiang Qian, ; Hongsheng Wang,
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17
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Clonal Myeloproliferative Disorders in Patients with Down Syndrome-Treatment and Outcome Results from an Institution in Argentina. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133286. [PMID: 35805057 PMCID: PMC9265690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at an increased risk of developing clonal myeloproliferative disorders. The balance between treatment intensity and treatment-related toxicity has not yet been defined. We analyzed this population to identify risk factors and optimal treatment. This single-center retrospective study included 78 DS patients <16 years-old with Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM, n = 25), Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (DS-AML, n = 41) of which 35 had classical Myeloid Leukemia associated with DS (ML-DS) with megakaryoblastic immunophenotype (AMKL) and 6 sporadic DS-AML (non-AMKL). Patients with DS-AML were treated according to four BFM-based protocols. Classical ML-DS vs. non-DS-AMKL were compared and the outcome of ML-DS was analyzed according to treatment intensity. Only four patients with TAM required cytoreduction with a 5-year Event-Free Survival probability (EFSp) of 74.4 (±9.1)%. DS-AML treatment-related deaths were due to infections, with a 5-year EFSp of 60.6 (±8.2)%. Megakaryoblastic immunophenotype was the strongest good-prognostic factor in univariate and multivariate analysis (p = 0.000). When compared ML-DS with non-DS-AMKL, a better outcome was associated with a lower relapse rate (p = 0.0002). Analysis of administered treatment was done on 32/33 ML-DS patients who achieved CR according to receiving or not high-dose ARA-C block (HDARA-C), and no difference in 5-year EFSp was observed (p = 0.172). TAM rarely required treatment and when severe manifestations occurred, early intervention was effective. DS-AML good outcome was associated with AMKL with a low relapse-rate. Even if treatment-related mortality is still high, our data do not support the omission of HDARA-C in ML-DS since we observed a trend to detect a higher relapse rate in the arm without HDARA-C.
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High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Pediatric Prospective. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061405. [PMID: 35740427 PMCID: PMC9220202 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is a clonal disorder characterized by malignant transformation of the hematopoietic stem cell. The incidence and the outcome remain inferior when compared to pediatric ALL, although prognosis has improved in the last decades, with 80% overall survival rate reported in some studies. The standard therapeutic approach is a combined cytarabine and anthracycline-based regimen followed by consolidation with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for high-risk AML and allo-SCT for non-high-risk patients only in second complete remission after relapse. In the last decade, several drugs have been used in clinical trials to improve outcomes in pediatric AML treatment.
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GLIS1-3: Links to Primary Cilium, Reprogramming, Stem Cell Renewal, and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111833. [PMID: 35681527 PMCID: PMC9180737 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The GLI-Similar 1-3 (GLIS1-3) genes, in addition to encoding GLIS1-3 Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors, also generate circular GLIS (circGLIS) RNAs. GLIS1-3 regulate gene transcription by binding to GLIS binding sites in target genes, whereas circGLIS RNAs largely act as miRNA sponges. GLIS1-3 play a critical role in the regulation of many biological processes and have been implicated in various pathologies. GLIS protein activities appear to be regulated by primary cilium-dependent and -independent signaling pathways that via post-translational modifications may cause changes in the subcellular localization, proteolytic processing, and protein interactions. These modifications can affect the transcriptional activity of GLIS proteins and, consequently, the biological functions they regulate as well as their roles in disease. Recent studies have implicated GLIS1-3 proteins and circGLIS RNAs in the regulation of stemness, self-renewal, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell reprogramming, lineage determination, and differentiation. These biological processes are interconnected and play a critical role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and cell plasticity. Dysregulation of these processes are part of many pathologies. This review provides an update on our current knowledge of the roles GLIS proteins and circGLIS RNAs in the control of these biological processes in relation to their regulation of normal physiological functions and disease.
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Distinct genomic landscape of Chinese pediatric acute myeloid leukemia impacts clinical risk classification. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1640. [PMID: 35347147 PMCID: PMC8960760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed key genomic aberrations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on Western populations. It is unknown to what extent the current genomic findings represent populations with different ethnic backgrounds. Here we present the genomic landscape of driver alterations of Chinese pediatric AML and discover previously undescribed genomic aberrations, including the XPO1-TNRC18 fusion. Comprehensively comparing between the Chinese and Western AML cohorts reveal a substantially distinct genomic alteration profile. For example, Chinese AML patients more commonly exhibit mutations in KIT and CSF3R, and less frequently mutated of genes in the RAS signaling pathway. These differences in mutation frequencies lead to the detection of previously uncharacterized co-occurring mutation pairs. Importantly, the distinct driver profile is clinical relevant. We propose a refined prognosis risk classification model which better reflected the adverse event risk for Chinese AML patients. These results emphasize the importance of genetic background in precision medicine. The genomic landscape of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has mostly been characterised for Western populations. Here, the authors identify potential driver alterations in Chinese pediatric AML, which differ from Western populations, and propose a prognostic risk classification model.
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Gillam J, Catic A, Paulraj P, Dalton J, Lai G, Jackson-Cook C, Turner S, Ferreira-Gonzalez A, Barrie E. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with trisomy 3 and CBFA2T3::GLIS2: A case report. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:491-496. [PMID: 35294081 PMCID: PMC9544894 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐Down‐syndrome‐related acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (non‐DS‐AMKL) is a rare form of leukemia that can present with a variety of initial symptoms, including fever, rash, bruising, bleeding, or other more clinically challenging symptoms. Herein, we describe a 19‐month‐old female patient who presented with left lower extremity pain and language regression who was diagnosed with AMKL, not otherwise specified (NOS), on the basis of peripheral blood and bone marrow analysis, as well as cytogenetic and molecular diagnostic phenotyping. Of note, in addition to this patient's karyotype showing trisomy 3, a fusion between CBFA2T3 (core‐binding factor, alpha subunit 2, translocated to, 3) on chromosome 16 and GLIS2 (GLIS family zinc finger protein 2), also on chromosome 16, was observed. Patients with AMKL who have trisomy 3 with CBFA2T3::GLIS2 fusions are rare, and it is not known if the co‐occurrence of these abnormalities is coincidental or biologically related. This highlights the continued need for further expansion of genetic testing in individuals with rare disease to establish the groundwork for identifying additional commonalities that could potentially be used to identify therapeutic targets or improve prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gillam
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Aida Catic
- Departments of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Prabakaran Paulraj
- Departments of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Justin Dalton
- Department of Hematopathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Guanhua Lai
- Department of Hematopathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Colleen Jackson-Cook
- Departments of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott Turner
- Departments of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Departments of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Barrie
- Departments of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Modeling Down Syndrome Myeloid Leukemia by Sequential Introduction of GATA1 and STAG2 Mutations in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Trisomy 21. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040628. [PMID: 35203280 PMCID: PMC8870267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a high risk for acute myeloid leukemia (DS-ML). Genomic characterization of DS-ML blasts showed the presence of unique mutations in GATA1, an essential hematopoietic transcription factor, leading to the production of a truncated from of GATA1 (GATA1s). GATA1s, together with trisomy 21, is sufficient to develop a pre-leukemic condition called transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). Approximately 30% of these cases progress into DS-ML by acquisition of additional somatic mutations in a stepwise manner. We previously developed a model for TAM by introducing disease-specific GATA1 mutation in trisomy 21-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), leading to the production of N-terminally truncated short form of GATA1 (GATA1s). In this model, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce a co-operating mutation in STAG2, a member of the cohesin complex recurrently mutated in DS-ML but not in TAM. Hematopoietic differentiation of GATA1 STAG2 double-mutant iPSC lines confirmed GATA1s expression and the loss of functional STAG2 protein, leading to enhanced production of immature megakaryocytic population compared to GATA1 mutant alone. Megakaryocyte-specific lineage expansion of the double-mutant HSPCs exhibited close resemblance to the DS-ML immunophenotype. Transcriptome analysis showed that GATA1 mutation resulted in downregulation of megakaryocytic and erythrocytic differentiation pathways and interferon α/β signaling, along with an upregulation of pathways promoting myeloid differentiation such as toll-like receptor cascade. The co-occurrence of STAG2 knockout partially reverted the expression of genes involved in myeloid differentiation, likely leading to enhanced self-renewal and promoting leukemogenesis. In conclusion, we developed a DS-ML model via hematopoietic differentiation of gene-targeted iPSCs bearing trisomy 21.
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Bertuccio SN, Leardini D, Messelodi D, Anselmi L, Manente F, Ragni F, Serravalle S, Masetti R, Pession A. Are Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells a Step towards Modeling Pediatric Leukemias? Cells 2022; 11:cells11030476. [PMID: 35159287 PMCID: PMC8833985 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous improvements in pre-clinical and clinical research, acute leukemia still represents an open challenge for pediatric hematologists; both for a significant relapse rate and for long term therapy-related sequelae. In this context, the use of an innovative technology, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), allows to finely reproduce the primary features of the malignancy and can be exploited as a model to study the onset and development of leukemia in vitro. The aim of this review is to explore the recent literature describing iPSCs as a key tool to study different types of hematological malignancies, comprising acute myeloid leukemia, non-down syndrome acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. This model demonstrates a positive impact on pediatric hematological diseases, especially in those affecting infants whose onsets is found in fetal hematopoiesis. This evidence highlights the importance of achieving an in vitro representation of the human embryonic hematopoietic development and timing-specific modifications, either genetic or epigenetic. Moreover, further insights into clonal evolution studies shed light in the way of a new precision medicine era, where patient-oriented decisions and therapies could further improve the outcome of pediatric cases. Nonetheless, we will also discuss here the difficulties and limitations of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nicola Bertuccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.N.B.); (F.M.); (F.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Davide Leardini
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli,” Pediatric Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daria Messelodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.N.B.); (F.M.); (F.R.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.N.B.); (F.M.); (F.R.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Francesca Manente
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.N.B.); (F.M.); (F.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Federico Ragni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.N.B.); (F.M.); (F.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Salvatore Serravalle
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli,” Pediatric Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.N.B.); (F.M.); (F.R.); (R.M.)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli,” Pediatric Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Pession
- Division of Pediatrics, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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Lamble AJ, Eidenschink Brodersen L, Alonzo TA, Wang J, Pardo L, Sung L, Cooper TM, Kolb EA, Aplenc R, Tasian SK, Loken MR, Meshinchi S. CD123 Expression Is Associated With High-Risk Disease Characteristics in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:252-261. [PMID: 34855461 PMCID: PMC8769096 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased CD123 surface expression has been associated with high-risk disease characteristics in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but has not been well-characterized in childhood AML. In this study, we defined CD123 expression and associated clinical characteristics in a uniformly treated cohort of pediatric patients with newly diagnosed AML enrolled on the Children's Oncology Group AAML1031 phase III trial (NCT01371981). MATERIALS AND METHODS AML blasts within diagnostic bone marrow specimens (n = 1,040) were prospectively analyzed for CD123 protein expression by multidimensional flow cytometry immunophenotyping at a central clinical laboratory. Patients were stratified as low-risk or high-risk on the basis of (1) leukemia-associated cytogenetic and molecular alterations and (2) end-of-induction measurable residual disease levels. RESULTS The study population was divided into CD123 expression-based quartiles (n = 260 each) for analysis. Those with highest CD123 expression (quartile 4 [Q4]) had higher prevalence of high-risk KMT2A rearrangements and FLT3-ITD mutations (P < .001 for both) and lower prevalence of low-risk t(8;21), inv(16), and CEBPA mutations (P < .001 for all). Patients in lower CD123 expression quartiles (Q1-3) had similar relapse risk, event-free survival, and overall survival. Conversely, Q4 patients had a significantly higher relapse risk (53% v 39%, P < .001), lower event-free survival (49% v 69%, P < .001), and lower overall survival (32% v 50%, P < .001) in comparison with Q1-3 patients. CD123 maintained independent significance for outcomes when all known contemporary high-risk cytogenetic and molecular markers were incorporated into multivariable Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION CD123 is strongly associated with disease-relevant cytogenetic and molecular alterations in childhood AML. CD123 is a critical biomarker and promising immunotherapeutic target for children with relapsed or refractory AML, given its prevalent expression and enrichment in patients with high-risk genetic alterations and inferior clinical outcomes with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lamble
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Adam J. Lamble, MD, University of Washington–Seattle Children's Hospital, M/S MB.8.501, PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98145-5005; e-mail:
| | | | - Todd A. Alonzo
- Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, CA,University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jim Wang
- Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, CA
| | | | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, CA
| | - Todd M. Cooper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - E. Anders Kolb
- Division of Oncology, Nemours/Alfred I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah K. Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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25
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Gutiérrez-Jimeno M, Panizo-Morgado E, Calvo-Imirizaldu M, Galán-Gómez V, Escudero-López A, Patiño-García A. Case Report: The Value of Genomic Analysis in a Case of Megakaryoblastic Leukemia With Atypical Initial Manifestation. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:875510. [PMID: 35844738 PMCID: PMC9277000 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.875510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 7-month-old female patient who developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia 6 months after the appearance of skull bone lesions. Initial evaluation and diagnosis of this patient were challenging and only achieved thanks to genomic analysis by NGS (next generation sequencing). It is unusual for the initial manifestation of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia to be a skull bone lesion. Extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia (eAML), also known as myeloid sarcoma (MS), often occurs simultaneously with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although it may precede AML. Genomic analysis based on a NGS panel (Oncomine Childhood Cancer Research Assay) detected a RBM15::MKL1 fusion, a consequence of a t (1;22)(p13;q13) translocation, establishing the diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and enabling disease follow-up by qPCR. A diagnosis of eAML is built up from various findings in radiological, histological, immunophenotypic and genomic studies; when the tumor appears de novo, diagnosis is more complicated. We emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary team in the initial approach to rare tumors and the use of genomic studies to contribute to the knowledge of these neoplasms, risk stratification and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Calvo-Imirizaldu
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Galán-Gómez
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Escudero-López
- Pediatric Molecular Hemato-Oncology Section, Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Patiño-García
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, CIMA, Center for Applied Medical Research and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
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26
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Sidhu I, Barwe SP, Pillai RK, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Harnessing the Power of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Gene Editing Technology: Therapeutic Implications in Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2021; 10:2698. [PMID: 34685678 PMCID: PMC8534597 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro modeling of hematological malignancies not only provides insights into the influence of genetic aberrations on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in disease progression but also aids development and evaluation of therapeutic agents. Owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a potential source of short in supply disease-specific human cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Patient-derived iPSCs can recapitulate the disease severity and spectrum of prognosis dictated by the genetic variation among patients and can be used for drug screening and studying clonal evolution. However, this approach lacks the ability to model the early phases of the disease leading to cancer. The advent of genetic editing technology has promoted the generation of precise isogenic iPSC disease models to address questions regarding the underlying genetic mechanism of disease initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss the use of iPSC disease modeling in hematological diseases, where there is lack of patient sample availability and/or difficulty of engraftment to generate animal models. Furthermore, we describe the power of combining iPSC and precise gene editing to elucidate the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression of various hematological malignancies. Finally, we discuss the power of iPSC disease modeling in developing and testing novel therapies in a high throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Sidhu
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Sonali P. Barwe
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Raju K. Pillai
- National Medical Center, Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91105, USA;
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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27
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Sidhu I, Barwe SP, Kiick KL, Kolb EA, Gopalakrishnapillai A. A 3-D hydrogel based system for hematopoietic differentiation and its use in modeling down syndrome associated transient myeloproliferative disorder. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6266-6281. [PMID: 34369483 PMCID: PMC8570143 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an extraordinary tool for disease modeling owing to their potential to differentiate into the desired cell type. The differentiation of iPSCs is typically performed on 2-dimensional monolayers of stromal cell or animal tissue derived extracellular matrices. Recent advancements in disease modeling have utilized iPSCs in 3-dimensional (3D) cultures to study diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis. However, these approaches are yet to be explored in modeling the hematological malignancies. Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) is a preleukemic stage, which is induced in 10-20% of children with trisomy 21 possessing the pathognomonic mutation in the transcription factor GATA1. In this study, we established a synthetic 3D iPSC culture system for modeling TMD via hematopoietic differentiation of customized iPSCs. A chemically cross-linkable PEG hydrogel decorated with integrin binding peptide was found to be permissive of hematopoietic differentiation of iPSCs. It provided a cost-effective system for the generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with higher yield of early HSPCs compared to traditional 2D culture on Matrigel coated dishes. Characterization of the HSPCs produced from the iPSC lines cultured in 3D showed that the erythroid population was reduced whereas the megakaryoid and myeloid populations were significantly increased in GATA1 mutant trisomic line compared to disomic or trisomic lines with wild-type GATA1, consistent with TMD characteristics. In conclusion, we have identified a cost-effective tunable 3D hydrogel system to model TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Sidhu
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | | | - E Anders Kolb
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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28
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Nations CC, Pavani G, French DL, Gadue P. Modeling genetic platelet disorders with human pluripotent stem cells: mega-progress but wanting more on our plate(let). Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:308-314. [PMID: 34397590 PMCID: PMC8371829 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Megakaryocytes are rare hematopoietic cells that play an instrumental role in hemostasis, and other important biological processes such as immunity and wound healing. With the advent of cell reprogramming technologies and advances in differentiation protocols, it is now possible to obtain megakaryocytes from any pluripotent stem cell (PSC) via hematopoietic induction. Here, we review recent advances in PSC-derived megakaryocyte (iMK) technology, focusing on platform validation, disease modeling and current limitations. RECENT FINDINGS A comprehensive study confirmed that iMK can recapitulate many transcriptional and functional aspects of megakaryocyte and platelet biology, including variables associated with complex genetic traits such as sex and race. These findings were corroborated by several pathological models in which iMKs revealed molecular mechanisms behind inherited platelet disorders and assessed the efficacy of novel pharmacological interventions. However, current differentiation protocols generate primarily embryonic iMK, limiting the clinical and translational potential of this system. SUMMARY iMK are strong candidates to model pathologic mutations involved in platelet defects and develop innovative therapeutic strategies. Future efforts on generating definitive hematopoietic progenitors would improve current platelet generation protocols and expand our capacity to model neonatal and adult megakaryocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriana C Nations
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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SON inhibits megakaryocytic differentiation via repressing RUNX1 and the megakaryocytic gene expression program in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1000-1015. [PMID: 33247227 PMCID: PMC8155101 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A high incidence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in Down syndrome patients implies that chromosome 21 genes have a pivotal role in AMKL development, but the functional contribution of individual genes remains elusive. Here, we report that SON, a chromosome 21-encoded DNA- and RNA-binding protein, inhibits megakaryocytic differentiation by suppressing RUNX1 and the megakaryocytic gene expression program. As megakaryocytic progenitors differentiate, SON expression is drastically reduced, with mature megakaryocytes having the lowest levels. In contrast, AMKL cells express an aberrantly high level of SON, and knockdown of SON induced the onset of megakaryocytic differentiation in AMKL cell lines. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses revealed that SON knockdown turns on the expression of pro-megakaryocytic genes while reducing erythroid gene expression. Mechanistically, SON represses RUNX1 expression by directly binding to the proximal promoter and two enhancer regions, the known +23 kb enhancer and the novel +139 kb enhancer, at the RUNX1 locus to suppress H3K4 methylation. In addition, SON represses the expression of the AP-1 complex subunits JUN, JUNB, and FOSB which are required for late megakaryocytic gene expression. Our findings define SON as a negative regulator of RUNX1 and megakaryocytic differentiation, implicating SON overexpression in impaired differentiation during AMKL development.
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30
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Mack R, Zhang L, Breslin Sj P, Zhang J. The Fetal-to-Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transition and its Role in Childhood Hematopoietic Malignancies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2059-2080. [PMID: 34424480 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As with most organ systems that undergo continuous generation and maturation during the transition from fetal to adult life, the hematopoietic and immune systems also experience dynamic changes. Such changes lead to many unique features in blood cell function and immune responses in early childhood. The blood cells and immune cells in neonates are a mixture of fetal and adult origin due to the co-existence of both fetal and adult types of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs). Fetal blood and immune cells gradually diminish during maturation of the infant and are almost completely replaced by adult types of cells by 3 to 4 weeks after birth in mice. Such features in early childhood are associated with unique features of hematopoietic and immune diseases, such as leukemia, at these developmental stages. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which hematopoietic and immune changes occur throughout ontogeny will provide useful information for the study and treatment of pediatric blood and immune diseases. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies on hematopoietic initiation during early embryonic development, the expansion of both fetal and adult types of HSCs and HPCs in the fetal liver and fetal bone marrow stages, and the shift from fetal to adult hematopoiesis/immunity during neonatal/infant development. We also discuss the contributions of fetal types of HSCs/HPCs to childhood leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin Sj
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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31
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Molossi FA, Henker LC, Cecco BSD, Bandinelli MB, Rodrigues R, Sonne L, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia in a cat - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:175-179. [PMID: 34224399 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An adult, mixed-breed, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV-) positive female cat was presented with mucosal jaundice and a history of anorexia and constipation for three days. Physical examination revealed splenomegaly, cachexia, and dehydration. Humane euthanasia was conducted, followed by postmortem examination. Grossly, the cat was icteric, and presented hepatomegaly with multifocal white spots and splenomegaly. Histologically, the bone marrow was nearly completely replaced by a proliferation of megakaryocytes and megakaryoblasts, and there was a proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. Similar neoplastic proliferation was observed infiltrating the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, skeletal muscle, and lungs. Immunohistochemistry was performed for von Willebrand Factor (VWF), CD79α, CD3, feline immunodeficiency virus, FeLV, and CD61. Marked cytoplasmic labelling was observed in the neoplastic cells for FeLV, VWF and CD61, corroborating the diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciéli Adriane Molossi
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Luan Cleber Henker
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca Santana De Cecco
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Marcele Bettim Bandinelli
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Rochana Rodrigues
- 2Chatterie Centro de Saúde do Gato, Private Veterinary Clinic, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
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Abstract
The genetic basis for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is highly heterogeneous, often involving the cooperative action of characteristic chromosomal rearrangements and somatic mutations in progrowth and antidifferentiation pathways that drive oncogenesis. Although some driver mutations are shared with adult AML, many genetic lesions are unique to pediatric patients, and their appropriate identification is essential for patient care. The increased understanding of these malignancies through broad genomic studies has begun to risk-stratify patients based on their combinations of genomic alterations, a trend that will enable precision medicine in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Krock
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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33
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Quessada J, Cuccuini W, Saultier P, Loosveld M, Harrison CJ, Lafage-Pochitaloff M. Cytogenetics of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review of the Current Knowledge. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060924. [PMID: 34204358 PMCID: PMC8233729 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is a rare and heterogeneous disease in relation to morphology, immunophenotyping, germline and somatic cytogenetic and genetic abnormalities. Over recent decades, outcomes have greatly improved, although survival rates remain around 70% and the relapse rate is high, at around 30%. Cytogenetics is an important factor for diagnosis and indication of prognosis. The main cytogenetic abnormalities are referenced in the current WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia, where there is an indication for risk-adapted therapy. The aim of this article is to provide an updated review of cytogenetics in pediatric AML, describing well-known WHO entities, as well as new subgroups and germline mutations with therapeutic implications. We describe the main chromosomal abnormalities, their frequency according to age and AML subtypes, and their prognostic relevance within current therapeutic protocols. We focus on de novo AML and on cytogenetic diagnosis, including the practical difficulties encountered, based on the most recent hematological and cytogenetic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Quessada
- Hematological Cytogenetics Laboratory, Timone Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Wendy Cuccuini
- Hematological Cytogenetics Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75010 Paris, France;
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH), 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Paul Saultier
- APHM, La Timone Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marie Loosveld
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France;
- Hematology Laboratory, Timone Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christine J. Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff
- Hematological Cytogenetics Laboratory, Timone Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH), 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-91-38-76-41
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34
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Shimada A. Profile of down syndrome–associated malignancies: Epidemiology, clinical features and therapeutic aspects. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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35
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Zangrando A, Cavagnero F, Scarparo P, Varotto E, Francescato S, Tregnago C, Cuccurullo R, Fagioli F, Nigro LL, Masetti R, Putti MC, Rizzari C, Santoro N, Pession A, Pigazzi M, Locatelli F, Basso G, Buldini B. CD56, HLA-DR, and CD45 recognize a subtype of childhood AML harboring CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion transcript. Cytometry A 2021; 99:844-850. [PMID: 33811445 PMCID: PMC8451792 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of CBFA2T3‐GLIS2 fusion gene has been identified in childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In view of the genomic studies indicating a distinct gene expression profile, we evaluated the role of immunophenotyping in characterizing a rare subtype of AML‐CBFA2T3‐GLIS2 rearranged. Immunophenotypic data were obtained by studying a cohort of 20 pediatric CBFA2T3‐GLIS2‐AML and 77 AML patients not carrying the fusion transcript. Enrolled cases were included in the Associazione Italiana di Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP) AML trials and immunophenotypes were compared using different statistical approaches. By multiple computational procedures, we identified two main core antigens responsible for the identification of the CBFA2T3‐GLIS2‐AML. CD56 showed the highest performance in single marker evaluation (AUC = 0.89) and granted the most accurate prediction when used in combination with HLA‐DR (AUC = 0.97) displaying a 93% sensitivity and 99% specificity. We also observed a weak‐to‐negative CD45 expression, being exceptional in AML. We here provide evidence that the combination of HLA‐DR negativity and intense bright CD56 expression detects a rare and aggressive pediatric AML genetic lesion improving the diagnosis performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zangrando
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Cavagnero
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pamela Scarparo
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Varotto
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Samuela Francescato
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Tregnago
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Franca Fagioli
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Lo Nigro
- Center of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Azienda Policlinico-OVE, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Department of Pediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Hematology-Oncology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Putti
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rizzari
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation c/o ASST Monza, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Pediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Hematology-Oncology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Pigazzi
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Childrens' Hospital Bambino Gesù, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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36
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Bonometti A, Lobascio G, Boveri E, Cesari S, Lecca M, Arossa A, Spinillo A, Errichiello E, Paulli M. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with a novel GATA1 mutation in a second trimester stillborn fetus with trisomy 21. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:2276-2279. [PMID: 33783296 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1907377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Bonometti
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gessica Lobascio
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesari
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Lecca
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Arossa
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Errichiello
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Paulli
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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37
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Reed F, Larsuel ST, Mayday MY, Scanlon V, Krause DS. MRTFA: A critical protein in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and beyond. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100543. [PMID: 33722605 PMCID: PMC8079280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA) is a coactivator of serum response factor, a transcription factor that participates in several critical cellular functions including cell growth and apoptosis. MRTFA couples transcriptional regulation to actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and the transcriptional targets of the MRTFA–serum response factor complex include genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins as well as immediate early genes. Previous work has shown that MRTFA promotes the differentiation of many cell types, including various types of muscle cells and hematopoietic cells, and MRTFA's interactions with other protein partners broaden its cellular roles. However, despite being first identified as part of the recurrent t(1;22) chromosomal translocation in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, the mechanisms by which MRTFA functions in malignant hematopoiesis have yet to be defined. In this review, we provide an in-depth examination of the structure, regulation, and known functions of MRTFA with a focus on hematopoiesis. We conclude by identifying areas of study that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Reed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shannon T Larsuel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Madeline Y Mayday
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vanessa Scanlon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diane S Krause
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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38
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Grimm J, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. Molecular Mechanisms of the Genetic Predisposition to Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in Infants With Down Syndrome. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636633. [PMID: 33777792 PMCID: PMC7992977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome are genetically predisposed to developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. This myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML–DS) demonstrates a model of step-wise leukemogenesis with perturbed hematopoiesis already presenting in utero, facilitating the acquisition of additional driver mutations such as truncating GATA1 variants, which are pathognomonic to the disease. Consequently, the affected individuals suffer from a transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM)—a pre-leukemic state preceding the progression to ML–DS. In our review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the different steps of clonal evolution in Down syndrome leukemogenesis, and aim to provide a comprehensive view on the complex interplay between gene dosage imbalances, GATA1 mutations and somatic mutations affecting JAK-STAT signaling, the cohesin complex and epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Grimm
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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39
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Infant Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Unique Clinical and Biological Entity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040777. [PMID: 33668444 PMCID: PMC7918235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare subgroup of AML of children <2 years of age. It is as frequent as infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but not clearly distinguished by study groups. However, infant AML demonstrates peculiar clinical and biological characteristics, and its prognosis differs from AML in older children. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is very frequent in this age group and has raised growing interest. Thus, AMKL is a dominant topic in this review. Recent genomic sequencing has contributed to our understanding of infant AML. These data demonstrated striking features of infant AML: fusion genes are able to induce AML transformation without additional cooperation, and unlike AML in older age groups there is a paucity of associated mutations. Mice modeling of these fusions showed the essential role of ontogeny in the infant leukemia phenotype compared to older children and adults. Understanding leukemogenesis may help in developing new targeted treatments to improve outcomes that are often very poor in this age group. A specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach for this age group should be investigated.
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40
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Taee N, Faraji‐Goodarzi M, Safdari M, Bajelan A. Transient abnormal myelopoiesis in pediatrics with trisomy 21. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:605-608. [PMID: 33598211 PMCID: PMC7869390 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis is common among Down syndrome patients. Although no therapeutic measures are required, close monitoring of comorbidities such as gastrointestinal bleeding is required. Long-term follow-up is promising for a healthy future and reduced requirement of unnecessary therapeutic measures including chemotherapy and remission of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadereh Taee
- Department of PediatricsFaculty of MedicineLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Mojgan Faraji‐Goodarzi
- Department of PediatricsFaculty of MedicineLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Mohammad Safdari
- Student of Research CommitteeLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Amir Bajelan
- Student of Research CommitteeLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
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41
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Panferova A, Gaskova M, Nikitin E, Baryshev P, Timofeeva N, Kazakova A, Matveev V, Mikhailova E, Popov A, Kalinina I, Hachatrian L, Maschan A, Maschan M, Novichkova G, Olshanskaya Y. GATA1 mutation analysis and molecular landscape characterization in acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 21 in pediatric patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:713-723. [PMID: 33386779 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate detection of GATA1 mutation is highly significant in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and trisomy 21 as it allows optimization of clinical protocol. This study was aimed at (a) enhanced search for GATA1 mutations; and (b) characterization of molecular landscapes for such conditions. METHODS The DNA samples from 44 patients with newly diagnosed de novo AML with trisomy 21 were examined by fragment analysis and Sanger sequencing of the GATA1 exon 2, complemented by targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS). RESULTS Acquired GATA1 mutations were identified in 43 cases (98%). Additional mutations in the genes of JAK/STAT signaling, cohesin complex, and RAS pathway activation were revealed by HTS in 48%, 36%, and 16% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The GATA1 mutations were reliably determined by fragment analysis and/or Sanger sequencing in a single PCR amplicon manner. For patients with extremely low blast counts and/or rare variants, the rapid screening with simple molecular approaches must be complemented with HTS. The JAK/STAT and RAS pathway-activating mutations may represent an extra option of targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnesa Panferova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Gaskova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenyi Nikitin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Baryshev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Timofeeva
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kazakova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Matveev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Mikhailova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Popov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Kalinina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lili Hachatrian
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Novichkova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Olshanskaya
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
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Langenberg-Ververgaert K, Renzi S, Fuligni F, Davidson S, Abdelhaleem M, Lo W, Malkin D, Shlien A, Shago M, Villani A, Abla O. TERT promotor variant associated with poor clinical outcome in a patient with novel RBM15-MKL1 fusion-positive pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28542. [PMID: 32743872 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuele Renzi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabio Fuligni
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Davidson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdelhaleem
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Winnie Lo
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Shago
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oussama Abla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Wang Y, Lu A, Jia Y, Zuo Y, Zhang L. Outcome and Prognostic Features in Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Without Down Syndrome: A Retrospective Study in China. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2020; 21:e301-e308. [PMID: 33257285 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a biologically heterogeneous subtype of acute myeloid leukemia that originates from megakaryocytes. Patients with AMKL with non-Down syndrome (DS) had a poorer prognosis. However, clear prognostic indicators and treatment recommendations for this subgroup remain controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Herein, we performed a retrospective study on 40 patients (age ≤ 18 years) with non-Down syndrome AMKL at our institution. We assessed the effect of different prognostic factors, such as their cytogenetic abnormalities, early treatment response, and the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as post-remission treatment on the outcomes. RESULTS The complete remission (CR) rate of the patients was 57.9% and 81.1%, respectively, at the end of induction therapy 1 and 2. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival rates at 2 years were 41% ± 13% and 41% ± 10%, respectively. An analysis of the cytogenetic features showed that patients with +21 or hyperdiploid (> 50 chromosomes) had significantly better OS than those in other cytogenetic subgroups (Plog-rank = .048 and Plog-rank = .040, respectively). Besides cytogenetics, an excellent early treatment response (CR and minimal residual disease < 1% after induction therapy 1) also provided a significant survival benefit in univariate analysis in our study. However, multivariate analysis indicated that allogeneic HSCT was the only independent prognostic marker (relative risk, 11.192; 95% confidence interval, 2.045-61.241; P = .005 for OS and relative risk, 5.400; 95% confidence interval, 1.635-17.832; P = .006 for event-free survival, respectively). CONCLUSION AMKL in patients with non-Down syndrome has a poor outcome. With poor OS but CR rates comparable with other acute myeloid leukemia subtypes, allogenic HSCT may be a better option for post-remission therapy than conventional chemotherapy, especially for those having a poor response to induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aidong Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxi Zuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Leping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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44
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Barwe SP, Sidhu I, Kolb EA, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Modeling Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:201-209. [PMID: 33102613 PMCID: PMC7558799 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1%–2% of children with Down syndrome (DS) develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML) prior to age 5 years. AML in DS children (ML-DS) is characterized by the pathognomonic mutation in the gene encoding the essential hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1, resulting in N-terminally truncated short form of GATA1 (GATA1s). Trisomy 21 and GATA1s together are sufficient to induce transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) exhibiting pre-leukemic characteristics. Approximately 30% of these cases progress into ML-DS by acquisition of additional somatic mutations. We employed disease modeling in vitro by the use of customizable induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate a TAM model. Isogenic iPSC lines derived from the fibroblasts of DS individuals with trisomy 21 and with disomy 21 were used. The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 system was used to introduce GATA1 mutation in disomic and trisomic iPSC lines. The hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from GATA1 mutant iPSC lines expressed GATA1s. The expression of GATA1s concomitant with loss of full-length GATA1 reduced the erythroid population, whereas it augmented megakaryoid and myeloid populations, characteristic of TAM. In conclusion, we have developed a model system representing TAM, which can be used for modeling ML-DS by stepwise introduction of additional mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Ishnoor Sidhu
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - E Anders Kolb
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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45
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Human models of NUP98-KDM5A megakaryocytic leukemia in mice contribute to uncovering new biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3307-3321. [PMID: 31698461 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) represents ∼10% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cases and typically affects young children (<3 years of age). It remains plagued with extremely poor treatment outcomes (<40% cure rates), mostly due to primary chemotherapy refractory disease and/or early relapse. Recurrent and mutually exclusive chimeric fusion oncogenes have been detected in 60% to 70% of cases and include nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) gene rearrangements, most commonly NUP98-KDM5A. Human models of NUP98-KDM5A-driven AMKL capable of faithfully recapitulating the disease have been lacking, and patient samples are rare, further limiting biomarkers and drug discovery. To overcome these impediments, we overexpressed NUP98-KDM5A in human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using a lentiviral-based approach to create physiopathologically relevant disease models. The NUP98-KDM5A fusion oncogene was a potent inducer of maturation arrest, sustaining long-term proliferative and progenitor capacities of engineered cells in optimized culture conditions. Adoptive transfer of NUP98-KDM5A-transformed cells into immunodeficient mice led to multiple subtypes of leukemia, including AMKL, that phenocopy human disease phenotypically and molecularly. The integrative molecular characterization of synthetic and patient NUP98-KDM5A AMKL samples revealed SELP, MPIG6B, and NEO1 as distinctive and novel disease biomarkers. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses pointed to upregulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the model AMKL. Both synthetic models and patient-derived xenografts of NUP98-rearranged AMKL showed in vitro therapeutic vulnerability to ruxolitinib, a clinically approved JAK2 inhibitor. Overall, synthetic human AMKL models contribute to defining functional dependencies of rare genotypes of high-fatality pediatric leukemia, which lack effective and rationally designed treatments.
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46
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Laurent AP, Kotecha RS, Malinge S. Gain of chromosome 21 in hematological malignancies: lessons from studying leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Leukemia 2020; 34:1984-1999. [PMID: 32433508 PMCID: PMC7387246 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Structural and numerical alterations of chromosome 21 are extremely common in hematological malignancies. While the functional impact of chimeric transcripts from fused chromosome 21 genes such as TEL-AML1, AML1-ETO, or FUS-ERG have been extensively studied, the role of gain of chromosome 21 remains largely unknown. Gain of chromosome 21 is a frequently occurring aberration in several types of acute leukemia and can be found in up to 35% of cases. Children with Down syndrome (DS), who harbor constitutive trisomy 21, highlight the link between gain of chromosome 21 and leukemogenesis, with an increased risk of developing acute leukemia compared with other children. Clinical outcomes for DS-associated leukemia have improved over the years through the development of uniform treatment protocols facilitated by international cooperative groups. The genetic landscape has also recently been characterized, providing an insight into the molecular pathogenesis underlying DS-associated leukemia. These studies emphasize the key role of trisomy 21 in priming a developmental stage and cellular context susceptible to transformation, and have unveiled its cooperative function with additional genetic events that occur during leukemia progression. Here, using DS-leukemia as a paradigm, we aim to integrate our current understanding of the role of trisomy 21, of critical dosage-sensitive chromosome 21 genes, and of associated mechanisms underlying the development of hematological malignancies. This review will pave the way for future investigations on the broad impact of gain of chromosome 21 in hematological cancer, with a view to discovering new vulnerabilities and develop novel targeted therapies to improve long term outcomes for DS and non-DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouchka P Laurent
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Qi H, Mao Y, Cao Q, Sun X, Kuai W, Song J, Ma L, Hong Z, Hu J, Zhou G. Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of 27 Patients with Childhood Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922662. [PMID: 32532951 PMCID: PMC7309653 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). Material/Methods The data of 27 cases of childhood AMKL admitted from November 2009 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The survival analysis and prognostic factors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The median follow-up time was 26.4 months in 27 cases, and the complete response rate was 92.31% after 2 chemotherapy courses. Eight patients underwent bone marrow transplantation after 3–6 courses. Five patients died after transplantation, 4 of whom died due to recurrence after transplantation. Of the 27 patients, 10 developed recurrence (37.04%), and 8/10 had recurrence within 1 year. The 3-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rates were (47±12)% and (36±14)%, respectively. Of the 27 AMKL cases, the 3 with Down syndrome (DS-AMKL) all survived after treatment, and the 3-year overall survival rate was 100%. However, of the other 24 AMKL patients without Down syndrome (non-DS-AMKL), 6 died and 6 abandoned treatment, and the 3-year overall survival rate was only 50%. Univariate analysis showed that 3-year overall survival rate was not correlated to gender, age, number of newly diagnosed white blood cells, karyotype, remission after 2 courses of treatment, and transplant after 3 courses of treatment of childhood AMKL cases. Nevertheless, recurrence and remission after 2 courses of treatment were significantly correlated with 3-year overall survival rate. Conclusions Children with non-DS-AMKL have a high degree of malignancy and are prone to early recurrence with a poor prognosis, whereas the prognosis of DS-AMKL is relatively good. Recurrence after treatment and remission after 2 courses of treatment are important factors influencing the prognosis of childhood AMKL. Recurrence after transplantation is the leading cause of death in transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xingzhen Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wenxia Kuai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Junhong Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ze Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Guoping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Roseman AS, Blackburn PR, Bakshi S, Grady L, Abbott MA, Hassan S, Hunt J, Richardson M, Peterson JF, Nguyen P, Greipp PT, Singh R. Twin-to-twin transmission of transient abnormal myelopoiesis without constitutional trisomy 21: A case report. Cancer Genet 2020; 244:62-64. [PMID: 32464589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Roseman
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick R Blackburn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester 55905, MN, USA
| | - Shubham Bakshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Grady
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Mary-Alice Abbott
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Sajjad Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Baystate Medical Center/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - John Hunt
- Department of Pathology, Baystate Medical Center/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Richardson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Jess F Peterson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester 55905, MN, USA
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester 55905, MN, USA
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester 55905, MN, USA.
| | - Rachana Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA.
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Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Leading to the Diagnosis of Germline Trisomy 21 Mosaicism. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 42:299-301. [PMID: 32068651 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia with Trisomy 21 and Tetrasomy 21 Clones in a Phenotypically Normal Child with Mosaic Trisomy 21. Case Rep Pediatr 2020; 2020:7813048. [PMID: 32257492 PMCID: PMC7103042 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7813048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that may be divided into two subgroups: (1) Down syndrome- (DS-) related AMKL which generally has a favorable prognosis and (2) non-DS-related AMKL which generally has a poorer outcome. We report a phenotypically normal child with AMKL with trisomy 21 (T21) and tetrasomy 21 clones. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with mosaic T21. She underwent reduced-intensity therapy with good outcome. We review the literature regarding AMKL-associated cytogenetic abnormalities and AMKL in association with DS. We suggest evaluation for mosaic T21 in phenotypically normal pediatric patients with T21-positive AML.
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